Preface
THE interest taken in European history is now so general that I trust this attempt to compile a handbook for students and teachers will not prove to have been useless. The difficulty of the task has been found to be chiefly in deciding what to include and what to omit from the enormous amount of material at hand, and I have therefore endeavoured merely to bring into prominence the leading facts in the history of the principal states. So many genealogies and notes have been inserted in the general outline that only a few Summaries have been drawn up. In selecting these, I have included only those subjects on which I have found by experience that the greatest misapprehension exists. In the English column I have specially emphasized
PREFACE.
VI those facts which bear directly upon England's relations with Foreign Powers. Not a few mistakes will, I fear, be discovered, but I can assure all those who are engaged in studying the history of medieval and modern Europe that I shall gratefully receive suggestions and criticisms. ARTHUR HASSALL. Christ Church, Oxford : May, 1897. CONTENTS
Part I. Page
Outlines of European History .... 1-36 1 r. Genealogies : — The Northumbrian Kings ...... 9 Charles the Great's sons ... . . . 17 Louis I's descendants ....... 21 The West Saxon Kings 23 Charles the Bald's sons ....... 25 Alfred's children 27 Charles the Simple's descendants ..... 29 The Danish Kings of England 37 The Norman Dukes . . . . " . . -43 Louis VIII's children 67 The marriage alliances of Philip IV . . . -77 The sons of Albert I 78 The succession to the French throne, 1 2 70-1 380 . . 83 The Breton succession ....... 85 The Houses of Burgundy and Orleans .... 93 The English connexion with Spain and Portugal in the fourteenth century ....... 93 The succession in Bohemia and Hungary in the fifteenth century ......... 102 England and Spain in the sixteenth century . . .114 The House of Saxony in the sixteenth century . .120 The descendants of William of Orange .... 132 The Hapsburg succession, 1556-1637 .... 134 The House of Guise .......
CONTENTS VIII PAGE Henry IV and his uncles '37 The House of Vasa J48 The children of Ferdinand III l66 The House of Braganza, 1648-1683 . • • • >72 The House of Hohenzollern in the seventeenth century . 178 The Kings of Denmark in the seventeenth century . .180 The Electors Palatine of the Simmern line in the seventeenth century . . • • • ■ .186 The House of Brunswick 1 9° The Wittelsbach House in Bavaria in the seventeenth century . . . . • • • ■ ■ 294 The House of Savoy in the seventeenth century . -194 The Spanish succession 195 The sons of Philip V of Spain 206 Table to illustrate the Pragmatic Sanction . . . 206 The Swedish succession 214 The line of Holstein-Gottorp in Sweden . . . 232 The Bavarian succession question ..... 244 The Emperors of the House of Hapsburg- Lorraine . 248 The House of Hohenzollern after Frederick the Great . 250 The marriages of Napoleon I 277 The principal members of the Bonaparte family . .285 The elder branch of the Bourbon House . . 291 The succession to Portugal in 1826 . . .298 The Spanish succession, 1814-1868 .... 304 Pedigree of Louis Philippe 305 The Spanish marriages, 1846. ..... 326 The English Royal family, 1837-1857 . . . . 331 The Austrian succession, 1792-1848 .... 332 II Notes : — The French Constitution of 1 791 . . . 257-259 The chief Austrian Ministers, 1789-1815 . . . 261 The chief Prussian Ministers, 1 789-1815 . . . 262 The French Constitution of 1795 ..... 267 The chief French Ministers during the Consulate and Empire 271-273 The Imperial Constitution in the eighteenth century . 272 The Spanish Constitution of 1812 .....
The Spanish Constitution of 1837 . . . . .312 The French Wars against Algiers ..... 310 The wars between Egypt and Turkey .... 322 A list of French Ministries, 181 5-1848 .... 335 The chief wars of England, 1837-1871 . . . .351 CONTENTS IX
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