The Court of King James the First ... To which are added letters illustrative of the personal history of the most distinguished characters in the court of that monarch and his predecessors. Now first published from the original manuscripts by J. S. Brewer

Front matter

- * the COURT OF KING JAMES THE FIRST; BY DR. GODFREY GOODMAN, BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER ; TO WHICH ARE ADDED, LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE PERSONAL HISTORY OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED CHARACTERS IN THE COURT OF THAT MONARCH AND HIS PREDECESSORS. NOW FIRST PUBLISHED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS. BY JOHN S. BREWER, M.A. OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET, ■Publtxffjrr fa ©rljtnarp to \%tx fHajtUtp. 1839. LONDON : PHIN7ED BY SAMUEL BF.VTIEV, Bangor House, Shoe Lane. ro JOSHUA DRINKALD, ESQ. THESE VOLUMES ARE DEDICATED, BY THE EDITOR. LONDON, MARCH, 1839.

ADVERTISEMENT.

. The manuscript copy of these Memoirs is preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford ; but by whose means it was deposited there, or by whom it was given, I have not been able to discover. It is written in a fair and legible hand : in general without erasure or correction, though some few passages have been corrected or can celled, of which a remarkable instance occurs in page 132. Little words and connecting particles, and half lines, are sometimes repeated, as if the Manuscript had been written rapidly, without op portunity for complete revision. These marks of haste and correction, though unimportant in themselves, are so far valuable, as tending to show that the Manuscript is an original. It is attributed to Bishop Goodman, on the authority of a memorandum inserted in it by Bishop Barlow, and upon conclusive internal testimony. The Letters which form the Second Volume VI

Introduction

. Godfrey Goodman, the author of these Me moirs, was descended from a respectable family. His uncle, the celebrated Dr. Gabriel Goodman, was for forty years Dean of Westminster, and one of the translators of the English Bible. His father, Godfrey Goodman, Esq. married Jane Cruxton, and resided at Ruthvyn in Denbigh shire, where our author was born, in 1583. By the influence of his uncle young Goodman was sent at an early age to Westminster School, where he had the good fortune to be educated under the celebrated historian Camden, of whom he has preserved some interesting no tices in these volumes.* From Westminster he removed to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1600 ; and, six years after, obtained the living of Stapleford-Abbots in Essex. Obtaining cele brity as a preacher, and supported by the in fluence of Bishop Andrews, Bishop Vaughan, and Bishop Williams, he was appointed in 1617 to a canonry of Windsor, in 1620 to the deanery of Rochester, and in 1625 he was made Bishop of Gloucester, with leave to hold his canonry of * Vol. i. p. 34, 126.

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. VIII Windsor, and the rectory of West Ildesley in Berkshire, in commendam. An earnest and zealous supporter of the church, and a warm advocate for the due observ ance of its rites and ceremonies, he was not long in drawing upon himself the hatred of the Puri tan party, who were at this time rapidly gaining ground, as much from the injudicious policy of James I, as from the disunion in the church itself. When a due regard for the service of God was superstition, and episcopacy was popery, it is not surprising that he provoked the malice of such men as Bastwick, Burton, and Prynne, who pre ferred a petition to the King against him, "for that he had at his proper cost" (as they expressed it) re-edified and repaired the high cross in the town of Windsor in the county of Berks, near the royal castle ; and on one side thereof caused a statue, or picture, about an ell long, of Christ hanging upon the cross, to be erected in colours, with this inscription over it in golden letters — Jesus Nazarenus Rex Judazorum ; and on the other side thereof the picture of Christ rising out of his sepulchre."

Another charge was brought against him, in the same petition, for erecting an altar, and causing to be made new altar-cloths, pulpit-cloth, and cushions, with crucifixes en graven on them, for his cathedral church at Glou cester. " And since Xmas last past," continues the petition, " the said Bishop hath superseded one Mr. Ridler, minister of Little Dean, within

INTRODUCTION.

. IX the county and diocese of Gloucester, only for preaching against divers gross errors and idola tries of the Papists (of which he had divers in his said parish), and then concluding (according to the homilies and learnedest writers in our church) that an obstinate Papist, dying a Papist, could not be saved, and that if we were saved, the Papists were not ; and for refusing to make a formal recantation which the said Bishop pre scribed him in writing, in which recantation the said Bishop (who, the last parliament,* presumed to broach no less than six gross points in one sermon before your Majesty, which your Ma jesty appointed him to recant, tho' he did it not, but obstinately defended them,) most unor thodoxly styled the Church of Rome God's Catholic Church, and in direct terms affirmed that in the eye of the law we are still one with the said Catholic Church, from which we sever only for some political respects ; and that it is impossible there should be any greater offence against the Church of England than to say that Papists are damned, in regard of the affinity there is be tween the two churches ; for we have both the same holy orders, the same church service, the same ceremonies, the same fasts, and the same fes tivals, and we have generally the same canon law ; and, therefore, through the sides of the Church of Rome they do but give deadly and mortal wounds to the Church of England who affirm * 1626.

INTRODUCTION.

. X that Papists are damned. Than which recanta tion of his making, nothing can be more Popish ; it having the Jesuits' I. H. S. in the front, and the Jesuits' doctrine in the bowels of it."* What was the effect of this petition we are nowhere informed. Probably it neither caused any great alteration in the King's favour towards him, nor produced any modification in the Bishop's proceedings. He had a more serious difference with Archbishop Laud in the celebrated con vocation of 1640. On the day before the ending of this convocation, the Bishop of Gloucester, repairing to the Archbishop of Canterbury, acquainted him that he could not in conscience subscribe the canons which had been newly framed. The Archbishop endeavoured earnestly to persuade him, beseeching him to avoid singu larity at a time when the church was in so much trouble, and any further disaffection among the clergy would be productive of very dangerous con sequences.

" However," says the historian Fuller,t who was present, " when we all subscribed the canons, (suffering ourselves, according to the order of such meetings, to be all concluded by the ma jority of votes, though some of us in the com mittee privately dissenting in the passing of many particulars,) he alone utterly refused his subscription thereunto. Whereupon the Arch- Wood's Athen. ii. 728, n. t Church Hist. b. iii. p. 40S.

INTRODUCTION.

. XI bishop being present with us in King Henry the Seventh's chapel, was highly offended at him. ' My Lord of Gloucester,' said he, ' I admonish you to subscribe :' and presently after, ' My Lord of Gloucester, I admonish you the second time to subscribe :' and immediately after, • I admonish you a third time to subscribe.' To all which the Bishop pleaded conscience, and return ed a denial. Then were the judgments of the Bishops severally asked, whether they should proceed to the present suspension of Gloucester for his contempt herein. Davenant, Bishop of Salisbury, being demanded his opinion, conceived it fit some lawyers should first be consulted with how far forth the power of a synod did in such cases extend, He added, moreover, that the threefold admonition of a bishop ought solemnly to be done, with some considerable intervals be twixt them, in which the party might have time of convenient deliberation.

However, some days after, he was committed (by the King's command as I take it) to the Gate-house, where he got by his restraint what he could never have gained by his liberty ; namely, of one reputed Popish to be come for a short time popular, as the only con fessor suffering for not subscribing the canons." -According to a passage in Wood, quoted from some MS. papers of Archbishop Laud, the Bishop was committed, not before, but after subscription ; and was suspended by the general consent of both

INTRODUCTION.

. XII houses for refusing to subscribe, for the scandal he had thus brought on the church, till he had given satisfaction to the church and the King. The Bishop had been reprimanded as early as the year 1626 for maintaining certain unsound opinions in his sermons at court, and a general suspicion was then entertained of his embracing the tenets of the Church of Rome. The Arch bishop, on his refusal to subscribe the canons, had taxed him with Popery, which Goodman strenu ously denied ; and this was, no doubt, the occa sion of his imprisonment. That he adopted views which by many in those times were considered papistical, is undoubt edly true; and might be confirmed by various passages in these Memoirs, and in his last will and testament. These have given occasion to most writers to declare that he lived for some years', and died, in the communion of the Church of Rome.

In his Memoirs he is an advocate for auricular confession.* In his will he professed that as he had lived so he died, most constant in all the articles of our Christian faith, and in all the doctrine of God's holy Catholic and Apos tolic Church, " whereof," he says, " I do acknow ledge the Church of Rome to be the mother church. And I do verily believe that no other church hath any salvation in it, but only so far as it concurs with the faith of the Church of * Vol. i. ch. v.

INTRODUCTION.

. XIII Rome." But a sound Protestant might even pro fess as much ; the only question being what he meant by the terms mother church, and concurs icith the faith ofthe Church of Rome. A Roman ist would rather have professed that the Church of Rome was the only true church, and would scarcely have admitted the possibility of salvation in a church separate and distinct from the Church at Rome. At least, if Goodman was consistent, he (having been so long a member of the Church of England) could scarcely say that he had lived most constant in the faith of the Church of Rome, if he considered the Church of Rome to be the only true Catholic and Apostolic Church. In 1643 the Bishop was plundered by the rebels, and the chief part of his books and papers dispersed. His losses were so great that he was ashamed to confess them, lest he should bring upon himself the charge of folly and improvi dence.

During the time of the great rebellion he lived in obscurity in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster, chiefly in the house of Mrs. Sibilla Aglionby ; and employed his time in frequent ing the Cottonian Library. At this period these Memoirs were undoubtedly composed, as may be inferred as well from internal evidence, as from the fact that the infamous pamphlet to which they allude had not appeared till the year 1650. In 1650 he printed an Account of his sufferings ;

INTRODUCTION.

. and in 1653 a theological work, which he de dicated to Oliver Cromwell, entitled The Two Mysteries of the Christian Religion, the ineffable. Trinity and wonderful Incarnation, explicated. Lond. 1653. For several years during the latter part of his life, Goodman had been in habits of intimacy with the celebrated Francis a S. Clara, a Dominican friar of great learning and moderation, whose real name was Christopher Davenport.* This ecclesiastic en tertained the idea of the possibility of reconciling the Churches of England and Rome ; and with this view had composed a short treatise, in which he endeavoured to show that the articles of the Church of England were in accordance with the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, support ing his positions from the writings of Bishop Andrews, Bishop Mountague, Dr. White, and other learned Protestants.f In his company Goodman died in January 1655, and was buried in St. Margaret's, West minster, near where the font originally stood ; "leaving behind him," says Wood, "the cha racter of a harmless man ; that he was hurtful to none but himself, that he was pitiful to the * He was chaplain to Queen Henrietta, and afterwards to Catharine, Queen of Charles II, and was much noticed by the learned men of his day. t Prynne has given an analysis of this book in his life of Laud, p. 423.

INTRODUCTION.

. XV poor, and hospitable to his neighbours." He left several bequests, particularly to poor churchmen, to be distributed at the discretion of his executors, Gabriel Goodman and Mrs. Aglionby. His books, which he had designed to bestow on Chel sea College, were eventually given to Trinity Col lege, Cambridge. His papers he desired should be perused by some competent scholar, and if any thing among them was worthy of publication it should be printed ; but they were subsequently lost and dispersed. Among other things, he had written a history of the Church of England as settled by law, derived from statutes and public acts, for which he had carefully consulted the library of Sir Thomas Cotton. Besides these, he was the author of a work entitled The Fall of Man, or the Corruption of Nature proved by Natural Reason, Lond. 1616 and 1624 ; which drew him into a controversy with Dr. George Hakewill, who at tacked Goodman's opinions in his Apology for the Power and Providence of God.

Lond. 1627. The controversy is published in the third edition of HakewilFs work. The character which Wood has given him, in his homely but simple-hearted language, is sup ported throughout by these Memoirs, now for the first time published ; they are as much characteristic of the writer as any book can well be, — ingenuous, unostentatious, unsuspicious. The author writes like a man who describes what he had

INTRODUCTION.

. seen, in the homely and easy style of one who had no enemy to malign and no party to gratify. He speaks of King James, his " old master," with the kindness and good feelings of an old servant, who had seen his defects, was somewhat blind to his vices, and very kind to his virtues ; of one who, if ever there was a king, was kind-hearted and good natured even to a fault, and therefore had a right to expect that some kindness should be shown to his memory. Though politically and religiously opposed to Archbishop Williams, though treated with some severity by Archbishop Laud, yet he has praised them both, and left no stain on their memory. Though engaged in a theological con troversy with Dr. Hakewill, who writes with a degree of rudeness and asperity which forms a st. iking contrast to Goodman's natural politeness, yet, when speaking of Hakewill's unbecoming interference in the Spanish Match, he has uttered no ill-natured remark.

Nor was his charity confined to paper : he was a great and yearly benefactor, even in his lowest condition, to Ruthvyn School ; as in his more prosperous estate, to the church over which he pre sided. And though he fell upon evil times, when the love of many to the church had waxed cold, and more were ready to pull down than to build up, yet his liberality was not restrained to men of his own profession. He was a great encourager of Sir H. Middleton's design of bringing the New

INTRODUCTION.

. XVII River water to London, " a work beset with as many difficulties," says Lloyd, " as bringing the waters of Bethlehem to David." In short, he who is so disposed cannot fail of be ing pleased with our prelate, who was in truth a man of his name. The account which he has here left us of many secret plots and intricate passages of his times is instructive and amusing ; and whatever value different readers may attach to his narrative, all must acquit him of dulness or malignity. His work may range with Wilson's for amusement, without Wilson's partiality; with any of the secret memoirs of these reigns without their malevolence and pertinacious dishonesty. And what was said of his fellow-labourer, Bishop Hacket (whose life of Williams is the most valu able record of those times), may truly be said of Bishop Goodman, that nothing but milk and honey lay under his tongue. b VOL. I. CONTENTS 01 THE FIRST VOLUME.

Chapter I

Introductory observations. — Character of Queen Elizabeth. — Her death. — Proclamation of King James. — Secretary Cecil. Page 1

Chapter II

Character of the Earl of Salisbury. — Difference between the Queen and him. — His rise and fall — Cause of the latter. — Communication from a dying Peer. — Manœuvres of the Earl of Salisbury. — Warrant to apprehend him. — His visit to the Bath. — His disease and death. — Restoration to Holland of Flushing and Brill. — Lord Henry Howard. — Earl of Carlisle. — Earl of Northampton and Sir Robert Mansell. — Neglect of the Navy. — Mansell's choleric character. . . . .36

Chapter III

Peace with Spain. — Interview between a Polish Ambassador and Queen Elizabeth. — King James's desire for peace. — Puncti lios of Honour. — Sir Walter Raleigh's treason. — Lord Grey's treason. — His cruelty. — Sentence of death on Sir Walter Ra leigh. — Cobham's miserable Life and Death. — Accusers of Raleigh . . . . . . .58

Chapter IV

The Gunpowder Plot. — Its remote causes. — Mary Queen of Scots. — Her love for Lord Darnley. — Queen Elizabeth's dread of this connexion. — Mary's marriage with Darnley. — Murder XX CONTENTS. of Darnley.—Bothwell and the Queen. — Mary's Flight.— Her fall into the power of Elizabeth. — Elizabeth excommunicated by Pius V. — King James's suit to the Pope to favour his title to the Crown of England. — Spies. — Uncertain titles ofthe Kings of Eng land. — Meeting of the Lords in the Star Chamber. — King James cautioned by Henry IV. of France. — Plans of the Papists. — Establishment of Catholic Seminaries by Cardinal Allen. — En dowment of Bishoprics in Ireland and Scotland by King James. — His passionate character. — Mr. James Hudson's Embassy to Queen Elizabeth. — Tyrone's Rebellion. — Elizabeth's Parsimony. — Her memory glorified. ..... Page 72

Chapter V

Extravagance of the Scots in England. — Confirmation of Laws against Recusants. — Persecution of the Papists. — Their determination — Sir Robert Cecil's knowledge of the intended treason. — The traitors — Percy, Catesby, Tresham, Garnet, Faux. — Disco very of the Gunpowder Plot. — Fate of some of the traitors. — Apprehension, confession and execution of Garnet. — Necessity of auricular confession — Baldwyn, the Jesuit. — George Brooks. 99

Chapter VI

Throgmorton's Treason Treason of Dr. Parry — His execution. — The Queen of Scots, Babington, Salisbury, &c. — Mr. Cam den and Thuanus. — Rumours respecting the Queen of Scots. — Remarkable saying of Secretary Davison. — Preferment of the per secutors of Queen Mary of Scotland. — King James's love of quietness and peace. . . . . . .116

Chapter VII

Apprehension and execution of O'Rourke. — Arraignment and condemnation of the Earl of Arundel— His death. — The Earl of Derby. — Dr. Lopez the poisoner, and the Earl of Essex. — The Earl's statement to Bishop Overall. — The Earl's marriage with Secretary Walsingham's daughter. — Loses the favour of the Queen. . . . . . .137 CONTENTS.

Chapter VIII

Essex restored to favour. — His intrigues with Lopez. — Is out witted by him. — The Queen laughs at the Earl. — Lopez disparages the Earl to Don Antonio, who betrays him. Essex and Lopez quarrel — The latter is arrested and carried to the Tower. — Tried — Removed from the Tower to the King's Bench by Pop ham, one of the Earl's creatures. — His behaviour at his execu tion. — Treason of Squires and Essex. — The Queen's remark upon it. — Account ofthe Queen's going to council — Her personal appear ance in her old age. ..... Page 149

Chapter IX

King James's respect for his Queen. — Denmark House. — De scription of the fertility of Spain. — The picturing of Drake by the Spaniards. — Remarks on the British seas, and right of the Flag. — King James's love of hunting. — His different houses. — Account of Secretary Lake, and his rise at Court. . . .167

Chapter X

The characters of some of the Nobles in Queen Elizabeth's Court. — Lord Hunsdon. — Lord Cobham. — Lord Northampton. — Lord Zouch. — Improvidence of the Earl of Nottingham. — Sir Thomas Lake overawed by his Lady. — Marries his Daughter to Lord Ross. — His Lordship's connexion with Gondomar, who makes him a tool to discover the State secrets of his Father-in law. — Origin of lieger ambassadors. — Simplicity of the courts of our early English Kings. — Aggrandizement, especially under Henry VIII 177

Chapter XI

Narrative of the proceedings against the Lakes resumed. — Ac count of the family of Lord de Ross. — King James resolves to be present at the trial of the Lakes. — The Countess of Exeter makes means to him to burn some private letters concerning her. — They are burnt. — The Lakes cast. — The true reason of their fall. . . . . . .192 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XIIx Magnificence of the Courts in Queen Elizabeth and King James's time compared. — Nobles in her time made no large for tunes. — Earls of Salisbury, Northampton, and Worcester. — James's bounty to the Scots. — Kelly, Anandale, and Carlisle. — Anecdote of the first, how he lost his money. — Venality of the times. — Anecdote of the Canons of Windsor and a Knight of the Garter. — The Author's intimacy with the King. — Blames his conduct to Arabella. .... Page 199

Chapter XIII

James taxed for his theological controversies and writings ; — for his fickleness towards Somerset. — Anecdote of Somerset, Overbury, and the Queen. — Fall of Somerset. — Overbury's death. — The Countess of Essex. — Rise of Buckingham ; — his per sonal qualities. . . . . . .214

Chapter XIV

The history of the Prince Palatine and the Thirty Years' War. — Archbishop Abbot's concern in it. — State of Spain and Hol land. — Intrigues of Henry the Fourth. — Character of Philip the Second. — The reluctance of James to countenance his Son-in-law in usurping the crown of Bohemia. . . .227

Chapter XV

Death of Prince Henry. — Suspicion of his having been poisoned unfounded. — His character. — Ingram and Cranfield ; — their rise at Court. — Sir Roger Ashton's daughter falls in love with the Duke of Buckingham, but James promotes him, and so breaks the match. — The King's fickleness, illustrated in his change of sentiment respecting the authority of the Church. — His defence of the oath of allegiance. .... 247

Chapter XVI

The Author's reflections on the doctrine of passive obedience ; disapproves of it ; — why upheld. — Private history of Lord Chan cellor Egerton. — Favoured by the Earl of Leicester. — Chancellor- CONTENTS. XXIII ship of Sir Thomas More ; — of Sir Francis Bacon, who visits Ecerton' in his sickness ; — his behaviour on that occasion. — Anecdote of Bacon and Winwood. — Bacon's extravagance. — Chancellor Williams. — Munificence of Laud and Williams. Page 267

Chapter XVII

Characters of the different Lord Treasurers of this reign. — Northampton and the Suffolk family. — Manchester. — Private history of the Earl of Middlesex, and of his rise at Court. — Ap pears before the Council. — A purchaser of the royal lands. — Obliges Northampton, who introduces him to the King. — Is made Master of Requests. — Enjoys the King's unlimited confidence. — Their conversation. ..... 289

Chapter XVIII

The history of Treasurer Cranfield continued. — Anecdotes of his administration. — Puritan Bishops. — Cranfield's remarks to the Assay-master against raising the Coinage. — Repairs of St. Paul's. — Thievery of the officers about the Court. — Nastiness of the Scotch rabble. — Cranfield a great œconomizer of the King's revenues. ...... 312

Chapter XIX

Fall of the Earl of Middlesex. — His principal persecutors. — His policy in reference to the Spanish match. — Sir Christopher Perkins. — His origin and education. — Forms an intimacy with Lord Burghley's grandchild at Rome. — Marries the Duke's aunt. — The Duke offended with him ; — Detests him. — He dies, and leaves his money to a servant. .... 324 CHAPTER xXX. Antonio de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalato. — Account of his coming into England. — Sir Dudley Carleton and Archbishop Abbot very forward in inviting him. — Mastership of the Savoy and Deanery of Windsor given him. — Quarrels with the Canons of Windsor. — Becomes discontented. — Is neglected. — Corresponds with the Roman Catholic ministers. — Desires to return ; — pro ceedings thereupon. — Ordered to leave the kingdom. — His trunks seized ; — restored by order of King James. — The Inquisition pro ceeds against him. . . . ... CONTENTS.

Chapter XXI

The Author gives some instances of King James's partiality for him, and Buckingham's generosity. — Account of the matches of the two Princes, Henry and Charles. — Trick of the French em bassy during the match of the former. — Conversation of Gon domar and Lenox respecting the Spanish match, projected by the Prince. — The King's passionate outcries when it was broken to him ; — the stratagems made use of. — Buckingham's conduct in Spain. . . . . . Page 355

Chapter XXII

The quarrels of Buckingham and Bristol in Spain. — Offers made by the Spaniard to Bristol. — Conway's submissiveness to the Duke. — Secretary Calvert a secret Roman Catholic. — James's heart set upon the Spanish match ; — his conversation with Hudson about it; — means used to break it off. — The King retains, notwithstanding, his affection for Buckingham, and particu larly for the Duke's children. .... 373

Chapter XXIII

Lord Evers reproved for circulating rumours of the King's re tiring into private life. — Kelly's matches. — The Duchess of Rich mond's intrigue for procuring his match with a rich widow. — Yelverton, and the occasion of his fall. . . . 386

Chapter XXIV

The story of the Tailor at Dartford, — Anecdote of Winwood's meanness. — Bristol and Buckingham in Spain. — Bristol's address to the Prince in the Spanish Court. — Charges against Bristol. — Causes of the death of King James. — Instance of his love of raw fruits. — Fell sick of a quartan ague. — The charge against Buck ingham examined, who is said to have applied a plaster to the dying King. — The Author's own opinion . . . 395 CONCLUSION. Parallel between the times of Queen Elizabeth and King James ....... KING JAMES.

Chapter I

Introductory observations. — Character of Queen Elizabeth. — Her death. — Proclamation of King James. — Secretary Cecil. I cannot say that I was an eye and ear witness, but truly I have been an observer of the times, and what I shall relate of my own knowledge, God knows, is most true ; my conjecturals I con ceive to be true, but do submit them to better judgment. I shall take the liberty of an historian, and whereas the knight* is pleased to speak some things on the word of a gentleman, truly what I write shall be in verbo sacerdotis, which I did ever conceive to be an oath. I remember, when in the Lords' House of Parliament, a question was made whether the lords, in any court of justice, should be put to an oath, it was resolved that they ought not, seeing the life of a peer, in case of high trea- * Sir Anthony Weldon.

VOL. I. Ii son, was no otherwise tried but upon their honour. Upon that occasion my Lord Keeper* remarked, that when noblemen were produced as witnesses, it would give great satisfaction to the subject if they might be brought upon their oaths ; where upon my Lord Westonf replied, that he thought what was spoken upon their honour was spoken upon their oaths, because their greatest honour was their religion, and so the business was con cluded. Yet there was one that did whisper, that he had rather take some men upon their honour than upon their religion, for that he feared they did more respect their honour than their religion ; but for myself, I shall desire God so to bless me, though I relate nothing but my own private opinion, yet I conceive it to be most true, and that I hate all falsehood and lying.

For the publisher, I conceive him not to be the same with the author ; the styles differ, nor is there the same apprehension. He relates many things, as proved in the book, which are no more than touched upon, and are as much proved in his preface as they are in the book. First, how God was mocked if with the Tuesday sermons ; he * Williams, afterwards Archbishop of York. Hacket, who tells the same anecdote in his Life of Williams, gives it a rather different turn. + Afterwards Lord Treasurer. His character is drawn by the lively pen of Lord Clarendon in his History ofthe Rebellion, i. 84. % Bishop Goodman refers to the following passage in the publisher's preface to the reader, prefixed to Weldon's book : KINO JAMES. 3 might have forborne these terms, for the exercise was holy, though they might mistake in the ground.