Colorado: a historical, descriptive, and statistical work on the Rocky Mountain gold and silver mining region

Preface

. fTlHIS volume, as its name implies, is devoted to Colorado. Its contents are descriptive, statistical, and historical, and embrace a detailed account of the State's resources, productions, and progress. For general convenience it has been divided into four parts. The first of these will answer for a traveler's guide, and relates to routes of travel, health and pleasure resorts, scenic attractions, and climate. The second part is historical, and the third contains much information concerning the State at large and the farming and live stock interests. Part fourth is devoted to the mines. As mining is Colorado's main industry and source of wealth, it receives the space and attention its merits deserve. The statistics in this department are of the most elaborate character, and are as accurate as time, labor, and research could make them.

The narrative of gold and silver mining possesses enough of romance and adventure to interest the general reader, and the descriptions of mines, and of mining and milling, together with statements of requisite out lays from beginning to end, will prove especially serviceable to investors or capitalists. The author has endeavored to furnish a compendium of useful and general information concerning Colorado, and trusts this book will meet the present requirements of the public in that respect. CONTENTS. PART FIRST. PAGE Geographical Features 1-5 Routes of Travel 5_[9 Elevations of Towns, Mountains, Passes, etc 5-1'J Points of Interest, and how to reacli them 19-33 Distances and Fares 19-33 Summer Resorts 33^12 Denver — Pueblo 33-42 Colorado Springs — Manitou 33—12 Union Pacific Railway System , . . 42 Colorado Central and Kansas Pacific Railways 42-48 Health and Pleasure Resorts of Central and Southern Colorado 46-53 Grand Canon of the Arkansas 4!l and 112 Twin Lakes and Veta Pass 50-51 Into the Mountains and Gold and Silver Mines 54-68 Mountain Railway and Stage Lines 54-60 Central, Georgetown and Idaho Springs 60-C6 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway System G8-76 Denver, South Park & Pacific Railway 77-85 Route to Leadville and the Gunnison 77-85 Towns and Cities of Colorado, alphabetically arranged 85-102 Climate 102-115 Mineral Springs and Waters 107—111 PART SECOND.

Early Colorado History. American Acquisition ot' an Inland Empire. The first Discoveries and the March to the Land of Gold. Annals of the Fifty-niners 117-125 The Pioneers of 1860-63. The Rich Rewards of Placer and Lode Mining 126-132 The Eastern Mining Excitement and Investments of 18113—1. The Indian War and its Effect on Frontier Settlements 133-137 Discovery of Silver in Colorado 138 Political History. The State Movements of 1864-6. Territorial Elections 139 Record of Gold and Silver Mining, from 1804 to 1874 143-146 The State Movement of 1875-6, and the Admission of Colorado into the Union 147 State, Senatorial, and Congressional Elections 147-148 Growth, Progress, and Remarkable Prosperity of the State 149-152 VI CONTENTS. PART THIRD. PAGE General Review of Colorado's Progress, Resources, and Statistics 153-163 Assessed Valuations of Stock, Real Estate, etc 155 Population, Area, and Valuation of Counties 156 Population of Towns in 1870-75-80 157-158 Miles of Railway 1 58 Public Schools and Colleges 159-163 Farming 164-174 Crops of 1878-9— their Extent and Value 171-172 Stock Growing and its Record in Colorado.

The Round Up 175-180 Numbers and Value of Cattle and Sheep 180-181 Farming and Stock Growing, Statistics and Information. The Crops of 1S79 183-192 Extent and Location of Agricultural Lands 189-190 Post Offices of Colorado 193-195 MNewspapers of Colorado 196 PART FOURTH Mining for the Precious Metals. Description of Lode and Placer Mining 197-206 Weights and Values 206-2C8 Definition of Mining Terms 208-215 Colorado's Mineral Resources 215-224 The Rocky Mountain Mineral Belt 215-218 Costs of Mining in 18S0 as compared with former years 219 Land Offices and Costs of Government Titles 222 Methods of Extracting the Precious Metals 225 The Stamp Mill, Smelting and Amalgamating Processes 225-234 Description of some Colorado Smelting* and Reduction Works 234-245 Colorado's Mining Product from the First Discoveries down to 1SS0 . 245-253 Boulder County Mines and their Production 253-283 Boulder County Reduction Works 259-260 Caribou Silver Mining District 261-271 Telluride and Gold Mines of Boulder County 272-283 Gilpin County Mines and their Product 284-3S1 Gregory and Bobtail Lodes 299-313 Gunnell, Prize, Fisk, and other Mines 314-323 Quartz Hill, the Kansas, California, etc 324 Rollins, Wyandotte, and Russell Gulch Mines 340 The Gilpin County Silver Belt 350 Clear Creek County Mines and their Product — Georgetown, Idaho, and Empire 353^03 Red Elephant and Empire Mines 382-386 CONTENTS.

PAGE Georgetown Silver District and the Mines of Republican and Democrat Mountains 387-394 Georgetown District and the Mines of Sherman, Brown, and Leavenworth Mountains . . 395-403 Leadville and California Gulch and their History 404-418 The Carbonate Belt and its Formation 419 Leadville Mining Product 422-423 Leadville Smelting Works 424 Leadville Mines — Iron, Breece, and Carbonate Hills. The Iron-Silver, Morning Star, Leadville, Argentine, Glass-Pendery, Breece, Miner Boy, Highland Chief, and other Mines 427-443 Leadville Mines — Fryer Hill, the Chrysolite, Little Chief, Little Pittsburg, Robert E. Lee, Amie, Climax, and Dunkin 444^4(10 Custer County Mines — Silver Cliff and Rosita. Production, and Reduction Works 461-4S0 The Bassick, Silver Cliff, Plata Verde, Bull Domingo, and Humboldt 461-480 Summit County Mines and their Gold and Silver Yield.

Ten Mile, Breckenridge, and the Valleys of the Blue and Eagle . Park County MineB — their Production and History. Mounts Lincoln, Bross, Mosquito Range, Moose, Dolly Varden, and Sacramento. . The San Juan Region — its History and Production. Rio Grande County, South Mountain, the Little Annie, and other Mines Hinsdale County Mines — Lake City, the Crooke, and other Smelters, the Ute, Ule, Ocean Wave, Belle of the West, Palmetto, etc San Juan County — Silverton, the San Juan & New York and the North Star Companies, the Animas Forks, Mineral Point, Poughkeepsie Gulch, and Sultan Mountain Mines Ouray County Mines — .Sneffels, Dolores, and the Miguel Districts 543 Chaffee County Mines, and Monarch and Alpine Districts 588 Grand, Larimer, and Routt Counties 562-563 The Gunnison Region — its Extent, Resources, Towns, and Mines 564 The Coal Mines of Colorado— their Product in 1878-9. Mining and Coking Operations 577-582

Appendix

. Total Yield of Prominent Mines 583-5S4 Yield of some Prominent Mines in 1879 586 Mining Product of States and Territories in 1S79, etc 585 Wages of Miners and Mechanics 586 Census Statistics of 1860 and 1870, etc 5S7-588 U. S. Senators from Colorado 588 Colorado State Officials 589 Returns of State and Congressional Elections, 1876-8-9 590-591 Territorial and Former State Officials 591-592 CONTENTS. LEADING MINES. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MANV PROMINENT MINES, AND NUMBER OF PAGE. Alps-Mackie, 336 ; Alps of Leadville, 440 ; Amie, 455 ; American, 275 ; American Flag, 338 ; Allied Mines, 547 ; Aspen, 529 ; Argentine, 429 ; Astor, 387. Bassick, 460 ; Bates, 321 ; Boston Company, 491 ; Bobtail, 305 ; Baxter, 394 ; Buell, 319; Burroughs, 334; Breece-Iron, 437; Black Hawk Silver District, 3.10 ; Bull-Domingo, 47S. California, 329; Caribjiu, .'..62; Cashier, 317; Chrysolite. 445; Climax, 456; Colorado Central, 400 : Columbia of Boulder, 282 ; Crescent, 433 ; Crooke M. and S. Co., 518; Coldstream-Phœnix, 395 ; Colorado Prince, 438.

Danville, Dolly Varden, 504 ; Dunderburg, 396; Dunkin, 456 ; Dunkirk, 393. Evening Star, 431 and 575 ; Empire District, 3S5 ; Equator, 403. Fannie Barrett, (2), 490 and 508; Fisk, 322 ; Flack, 335 ; Forks, 335 ; Free America, 382 ; Freeland. 370; Fryer Hill, 444. Gardner, 329; Gregory, 299; Gunnell, 314; Grand View, 552; Great Republic, 386; Gray Copper, 281 ; Golden Age, 278; Geneva District, 381. Highland Chief, 439 ; Hukill, 367 ; Humboldt, 402 ; Hidden Treasure, 329 ; Hercules-Roe, 39S ; Hibernia, 45'J ; Hjjward's Fork, 550. Iron-Silver, 427 ; Idaho, 270 ; Illinois, 337 ; Independence, 575. Junction, 3S8 ; Jones, 323. Kansas (2), 325; Kent County, 338; Kirtley, 402. Leavenworth, 340 ; Leadviile, 431 ; Lebanon Tunnel, 394 ; Little Annie, 515; Little Chief, 450; Little Pittsburg, 452; Lone Tree, 376 ; Loveland, 508; Long and Deny, 430 ; Last Chance, 574 ; 1 ,ead Chief, 573.

Matchless, 456 ; Melvina, 275 ; Miner Boy, 439, Monarch, 562 ; Missouri Moose, 503 ; Morning Star, 434 ; Murry, 378 ; Mountain Queen, 540 ; Moun tain Chief, 562. Native Silver, 268; No Name, 270 ; North Star (2), 533 and 532 ; Ni Wot, 2S2. Ocean Wave, 523; O. K., 320. Pay Rock, 394 ; Pelican-Dives, 389 ; Phillips Pitkin Mines, 546 ; Pocahontas, 462 ; Printer Boy, 407 ; Prussian, 281 ; Prize-Suderberg, 322 ; Plata Verde, 475. Red Elephant, 382 ; Robinson, Rollins G. M. Co., 342 ; Rico, 551 to 553 ; Revenue, 381 ; Robert E Lee, 457. Saco, San Juan and N. Y. M. and S. Co., 528 ; Silver Cliff, 470 ; Sheridan and Smuggler, 549 ; Smuggler (3), 278 and 575 ; Sherman, 270 ; Seven Thirty, 271; Summit County M. and S. Co.,4SS; Stevens, 399; Slide, 275; San Miguel Placer Mines, 554 ; Silver Islet, 570 ; Sacramento. 509.

Tariff, 492 ; Terrible, 397 ; Tilden (2), 400 and 559 ; Tin Cup, 571 Ute and Ule, 519. Virginius, 544. Wyandotte Cons., 340. Yankee Boy, 545 ; Yellow Pine, PAET FIRST.

Chapter I. The General Hecokd Of The Centennial State

— HER REMARK- ABLE PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY — GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND NATURAL ADVANTAGES. At the present time Colorado is attracting more attention than any other one section of the country. This is true as regards moneyed men as well as with the masses. The tide of emigration that is setting so strongly in that direction, and a growing disposition for mining investments, indicate a general belief in Colorado's superior prospects for labor ancl capital. So widely prevalent an opinion can only be caused by continuous prosperity ancl great natural wealth. That Colorado deserves the reputation and renown she is securing, her present rapid advancement ancl growing productions attest. Brilliant as her recent record has been, it is evident that it can bear no comparison with that of the future.

It is generally admitted that Colorado is the most prosperous division of the West, or of the whole country. This is due to her varied and extensive resources, developed and taken advantage of by an enterprising ancl intelligent population. It is fast being demon strated as an established fact that Colorado's mineral resources exceed those of any other western state or territory. These will soon be developed so that she will surpass all other sections in pro duction. Added to mountain locked treasure vaults of gold and silver, and endless deposits of coal and many valuable minerals, are agricultural and stock-growing lands of an extensive and most productive character. To crown the whole are climatic advantages that have made tlie State famous far and wide, and an empire of scenic attractions, such as no other region in either hemisphere can boast of.

Thus, while her gold and silver veins are astonishing the world and enriching her people as well as outside investors, and her farms ancl stock ranges are extremely remunerative, her fine COLORADO climate and grand scenery attract as many health and pleasure seekers as her mines do settlers and investors. Colorado is situated in the centre of that part of the United States lying between the Mississippi river and the Pacific ocean and British America and Mexico. The eastern section of the State em braces a portion of the great plains, while the central anel western divisions are mainly composed of mountain ranges and their offshoots, with occasional valleys ancl plateaus of great extent. The Rocky mountains here attain their greatest elevation, ancl from their summits and slopes rivers flow to either ocean.

Colorado has an area of 104,500 square miles, or more than any other state, excepting Texas and California. It lies between the thirty-seventh and forty-first parallels of north latitude, and extends from the one hundred and second to the one hundred and ninth meridians of longitude. It is almost square or rectangular in shape, having a width from north to south of very nearly two hundred ancl eighty miles and an average length of about three hundred and seventy miles from east to west. It is west of Kansas, north of New Mexico, east of Utah, and south of Wyoming. The great plains rise gradually from the Missouri westward for fix hundred miles to the base of the foot hills and spurs of the great mountain system. The elevation of the western limit of these plains is usually about one mile above sea level.

This broad anel level expanse is destitute of timber, except along the river bottoms, but is covered with nutritious grasses that afford excellent grazing for cattle ancl buffalo. What arc known as the "foot hills" arc the less elevated portions of the mountains. These graclujilly in crease in altitude for a distance westward of from twenty to fifty miles, where they merge into the main or "snowy range." Some are smooth ancl rolling and others rugged masses of rock and earth, but all more or less heavily timbered. The "Continental Divide," or higher portion of the mountains, is usually from forty to sixty miles beyond the base of the hills first mentioned. The elevation of this divide is generally from 12,000 to 14,400 feet above tide water and several thousand feet above the line where timber and nearly all vegetation ceases.

This has been termed the backbone of the American continent. From its eternal snows, crystal lakes, and sparkling rivulets, streams are formed that eventually unite ancl make great rivers. Here the Arkansas, Platte, Grande, and 3 COLORADO Colorado start on their long journeys of two thousand miles or more toward the Gulf of Mexico or California. Western Colorado is made up of mountains, hills, plateaus, valleys, ancl ravines, extending on to Utah or Arizona. The gold and silver bearing belts and districts are confined to these mountain chains, hills, and ravines. Most gold sections are of less average elevation than those of silver, dlthough there is no great degree of regularity about this. Many silver lodes and deposits are situated on the highest peaks and near or above what is called "timber line."

The parks of Colorado are a distinct and remarkable feature of this mountain system. They are generally composed of level or i oiling lands, covered with luxuriant grasses, ancl dotted here and there with groves of timber. They are firmly walled about with mountains grand ancl high, and are watered by streams of the purest character. It is evident that these parks were the basins of former lakes at an early period of the world's history, ancl that i hey were subsequently deprived of their water by volcanic agency, while their original outlines were retained. The largest of these are called San Luis, South, North, and Middle Parks. The mountains of Colorado arc covered, up to elevations of from 10,800 to 11,800 feet, with pine, fir, spruce, aspen, and other forest trees. Above the region of timber all is bleak and barren rock ancl "slide," v.iried with the occasional presence of stunted grass ancl flowers.

Chapter II

INFORMATION FOR THE TOURIST, TRAVELER, AND IMMIGRANT — WAY* OF REACHING COLORADO AND POINTS OF INTEREST, DISTANCES AND ELEVATIONS, CLIMATE AND SCENERY — HUNTING AND FISHING GROUNDS, AND MINERAL SPRINGS. A trip to Colorado during the summer months is at once pleasant, interesting, and instructive in the highest degree. To all wishingto escape the confinement of city life, the heat of summer or the re curring monotony of eastern watering-places, or who would see something of life on the western prairies and among the gold and silver mines, the advice is tendered, Go to Colorado. It requires less time and money than to visit Europe, ancl will prove far more satisfactory than to remain at home. Take the western train, breathe the pure air of the mountains, feast your eyes on the pic turesque features, the golden ores and silver bullion of this wonder land, ancl in a few weeks you can return, seeling better than you ever could do in the damp heavy atmosphere of a lower clime.

AVhile the foundations of enduring wealth are secured by the mining, farming, and pastoral resources, Colorado offers a world of attractions and advantages, as beneficial to those who reside within her borders as to sojourners from abroad. Possessing a climate any land might envy, and surpassing all others in extent and beauty of her mountain ranges, one cannot do otherwise than admit that Nature has dealt with a lavish hand in this new land of the West. Thus it is that her balmy air, exhilarating atmosphere, health-restoring mineral waters, picturesque scenery, and unrivaled fishing anc. hunting grounds are bringing visitors or residents from almost the wide world over. So vast is this land of mountain, park, and plain, that Switzer land is insignificant in comparison, and far behind in variety and attractiveness.

Pen fails to do justice to the massive grandeur ol the "Snowy Range," the majesty of its cloud-capped towers, the awful depths of its mysterious canons, or to the beauties of vale and stream that everywhere abound from the Platte to the Colorado. COLORADO [L'-AV CAfiON— WESTERN COLORADl But all of these subjects have been dwelt upon so often that even most Eastern readers have become more or less familiar with them. For the convenience of the traveler, a collection of facts and in formation which may serve as a tourist's guide is presented here rather than in the closing portion of the book. Beginning with this chapter, routes of travel into and through Colorado are given, t.i^etlier with descriptions of towns, pleasure resorts, points of interest, and such other matter as is mostly likely to be called for.

In this connection are tables of distances, elevations, and a variety of facts that will be found useful or instructive, if not especially interesting. And by way of prefacing what is to follow, it may bu well to say that, in going to Colorado, one does not necessarily bid farewell to civilization or to the comforts of ordinary life. There is as much culture, education, and refinement in Denver or many of the larger towns as in places of similar size at the East or West. There are as many well-stocked stores, as great a variety of goods of all de scriptions, ancl as well-kept and comfortable hotels as anywhere else outside of the great cities. Everything one is likely to require can be purchased as cheaply or with but a trifling advance on New York prices. Owing to the scattered character of the population, anel the difficulties attending their construction ancl operation, railway ancl stage fares arc somewhat high, but this is so in all far Western regions.

In some of the newer settlements up among the mountains time has not yet been given to secure all the accommodations desirable, nor do circumstances permit of low rates in all places — but this can hardly be expected. At the pleasure resorts are first-class hotels, and the charges compare favorably with those of like localities in other parts. Those wishing to avoid to some extent the beaten track of the ex cursionist can enjoy a world of novelty by embarking on a "camping out trip " through the mountains. Ancl to do this but a very short distance need bo traveled before one obtains all the solitude and necessary surroundings to enable him to "rough it" to his heart's content. To go on one of these camping-out tours in park or moun tain glen, be it near or distant, all requisite equipments, tents, supplies, wagon teams, and saddle animals, can be obtained at reasonable figures at any of the prominent towns or cities.

All of the leading mining towns or health and pleasure resorts COLORADO can be reached by railway or stage, and it is only the newer or smaller mining camps that still depend on the latter means of transportation, except in the case of remote localities. So, in going to Colorado, only about the same preparation is needed as in starting on a trip of a few weeks' duration to other sections. No laying in of stores or supplies is necessary, for everything that can be obtained in an ordinary Eastern town can be had there. Schools and churches are as numerous and as liberally endowed as elsewhere, and the population will rank with that of any of the older commonwealths in all the requirements of life. The towns are well built, and most of them are being made attractive and beautiful as fast as circumstances will permit.

Well-regulated railways extend to all thickly-settled parts of the plains, along the eastern base of the mountains, and several lines are being rapidly pushed up through the caiions and gorges of the Sierras. Some of these already con nect the plains cities with their more elevated neighbors up among the gold ancl silver mines ; beyond, first-class daily stage lines ply between all important points or mining districts. Three great railways enter Colorado from the East, either one of which will land the traveler in Denver or some important objective point. These are the Atchison, Topeka & Sauta Fe, the Kansas Pacific and the Union Pacific, or rather the Colorado Central, which diverges therefrom at Cheyenne. They are all supplied with Pull man palace cars and the usual comforts attending railway travel.

Starting from the Missouri river, where connection is made with all leading Eastern lines, the great plains are gradually ascended until the summit of this inland plateau is reached, near the base of the mountains. The cities of Denver and Pueblo are what may be termed the ports of entry for the country around about and beyond. While all points can be reached from either road, the more southern sections of the plains or mountains can be gained most advantageously by taking the Southern route. This extends up the Arkansas valley, with one line entering New Mexico and the others making connections with all important localities yet touched by rail facilities from the southern boundary up to Denver. At Pueblo the Denver & Rio Grande forks in four different directions, pointing towards the San Juan region anel Leadville, ancl extending from El Moro on the south to Colorado Springs and Denver on the north.

Some of the most desirable points to visit in the whole State — mines, mineral springs, and scenic attractions — can be reached by this route or its stage con nections. Denver is the natural halting-place for tourists and visitors, by rea son of its extended connections with mining towns and pleasure resorts, its excellent hotel accommodations, and its size, prominence, and general attractions. It is the finest and most enterprising city of the New West. Few places can compare with it in beauty or in all that goes to make life desirable. While much will be found to interest the stranger, all parts of northern and central Colorado can be reached therefrom easily and quickly. Six railways centre here, radiating to all points of the compass. The great gold mines of Gilpin, or the productive silver mines of Clear Creek county, are all within a few hours' ride across the prairie and up the renowned mountain gorge and valley of Clear Creek.

The Colorado Central railway conveys one there, or to the interesting towns of Golden ancl Boulder, whose smelting ancl reduction works are of great extent and capacity. Up the line of this same railway, nestling in its mountain retreat, is the famous watering-place and summer resort of Idaho Springs. In either direction are the great mining towns of Central, Georgetown, and Black Hawk, whose annual bullion product is counted by millions. All of these places have first-class hotels. Southward, the Denver & Rio Grande road invites to those fashionable resorts, Colorado Springs and Manitou, the best patronized of all western watering-places. Near each and all of the localities above enumerated are points of rare beauty and attractiveness, well worth a visit to the Rocky mountains to look upon.

Scenery, lovely and picturesque or grand and majestic, await inspection in all directions, and, to crown all, a climate of Italian mildness or Alpine purity. To the southwest the Denver & South Park conveys the traveler to the weird beauties of Platte River Canon, and up through the mountains to where the tide of humanity on its way to Leadville halts to take a fresh start, by stage or foot-path. North from this plains railway centre the Denver Pacific and the Boulder Valley take their respective courses to Cheyenne and Boulder. After leaving the magnificent farming sections of eastern Kansas and Nebraska, the only available routes to the Rocky Mountains are up the courses of the streams which flow eastward to the Missouri or COLORADO Mississippi. Although lacking the moisture of more eastern localities, water is obtainable, agriculture practicable, and settlements are becoming numerous in the western uplands of the Arkansas and Platte valleys.

While farming is successfully prosecuted with the assistance of irrigation in that comparatively rainless country, and stock growing is remarkably remunerative, the elevated tracts of country between these main watercourses are of little service. The region known as the Great Plains rise to the westward from the Missouri river to the western basis of the Rocky Mountains,, where they attain an elevation of a mile, more or less, above sea level. This rise is so gradual as to be imperceptible to the traveler, ancl yet it amounts to an average of nearly ten feet per mile*. It is interest ing to know how fast one is ascending in crossing the great inland plateau or among the mountains beyond, ancl no little diversion can be obtained from noting the variations of a pocket barometer. In the tables of elevations and distances on the great through lines and mountain roads given below, it will be seen that the upward ten dency is slight until the "Rockies" themselves are reached, when it becomes much more rapid anel manifest.

Distances between Eastern and Colorado cities vary with different routes. From New York to Denver the distance is 1,900 miles, more or less, by various railway systems. From Boston the distance is some 200 miles or more greater, and from Philadelphia 90 miles less. Different routes from Chicago run from 1,155 to 1,250 miles, and from St. Louis 916 miles and over. Pueblo is a little nearer from central and southern points, and about the same from Chicago and Boston. The railway jumping-off points at Central, George town, ancl Caiion City are not far from 2,000 miles from New York, ancl Alamosa is over 2,100 miles distant. The schedule railway time from Eastern points to Colorado is something as follows, in days of twenty-four hours ancl fractions thereof . To Denver, from New York, 3 days and 8 hours ; Phila delphia, 3 days and 5 hours; Pittsburg, 2 days and 17 hours; Bal timore, 3 days and 3 hours; Saint Louis, 42 hours; Chicago, 50 hours ; Kansas City, 32 hours.

To Pueblo, 3 to 4 hours less ; Canon Gity, about the same time as to Denver. ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY. The subjoined table contains nearly all the stations of the main lines of the Atchison, Tojjeka & Santa Fe railway, with their ele vations in feet above the sea and distances in miles from Kansas City. Atchison, one of tli3 eastern termini on the Missouri river, has an elevation above tide water of 803 feet. Nairn os Station. l^nmsCity El" »"<">• Kansas City 703 Lawrence 41 845 T.ipeka 60 904 Caibondale 84 1,081 Burlingame 93 1,050 OsageCity 101 1,082 Rending 112 1,072 Binporia 128 1,101 Cottonwood 148 1,183 Florence 173 1,277 Peabody 194 1,250 Xewton 201 1.433 ITalstead 210 1,320 Bun-ton 220 1,410 Hutchinson 234 1,482 Sterling 244 1,494 Raymond 205 1,679 Ellin wood 270 1,738 v„. nfc..,; Miles from n .■ Nam.ofSl.tlou.

K,n51! Cily. Elevation. Great Bend 280 1,854 Larned 308 2,011 Kinsley 332 2,200 Dodge City 309 2,402 Lakin 440 3,013 Colorado & Kansas State Line. . 482 3,129 Granada 497 3,21:0 Las Animas 538 3,952 Arkansas Valley Line. La Junta 571 4,137 Napiesta 4,395 Pueblo 035 4,713 New Mexico Line. Trinidad 051 0,005 Raton Pass 006 7,803 Las Vegas 780 6,397 Kansas City to Santa Fe, 8G'J miles. Kansas City to Albuquequ-, 917 miles. Elevation of Santa Fe, 6,802 feet. DENVER & RIO GRANDE RAILWAY. Below are elevations of leading stations of this road, with their distances from Kansas City via the connecting A., T. & S. F. Bail way. Elsewhere is a more complete, table of the Denver & Rio Grande Stations. Nan-e of Station. S^. Elevation. North from Pueblo. South Pueblo 635 * j Colorado Springs. 080 5>85 Monument. .... 699 6,931 Divide 703 7,186 Castle Rock 723 6,173 J,4? 5,320 Denver i5o .),143 West from Pueblo.

Canon 675 5,287 Name of Station. £j5^. Elevation. Southwest from Pueblo. Cuchara 684 5,893 Walsenburg 691 6,134 ep 'fu ?.'9.'! ] eta Pass 720 9,o3. Alamosa 76° ?'492 South from Cuchara. J El Moro 721 5,825 * Elevations taken by two different persons. COLORADO STAGE LINES FROM THE ABOVE RAILWAY SYSTEM. In the San Juan Region, Lake City is 116 miles beyond Alamosa; attitude, 8,550. Silverton, 146 miles; altitude, 9,400. Summit gold mines, 49 miles ; altitude, 11,500. In Custer County, Silver Cliff is 30 miles from Caiion ; altitude, 7,500. Rosita, 32 miles ; altitude, 8,500. Leadville, 126 miles from Caiion, altitude, 10,025 feet. RAILWAY CONNECTIONS. Continuing on to the mountains from Denver via the Colorado Cen tral, an elevation of 8,300 feet is attained at Central, 40 miles from Denver ; one of 7,531 feet at Idaho Springs, 374 miles, and 8,452 feet at Georgetown, 53| miles.

Or, taking the Denver & South Park, an elevation of 10,139 feet is attained, the highest railroading in the United States, at the Kenosha Divide, about 75 miles from B 9nver. PACIFIC KANSAS RAILWAY. Names of leading stations, elevations. ;, and distances from Kansas City. The elevation of Leavenworth is 783 feet. Name of Station. 1.M,l,si *£? Elevation. Kau. a? City. Nan,, of Station. El"*"i»- Kansas City 763 Solomon 172 1,193 Armstrong 1 773 Salina 185 1,243 F.douardsville 13 801 Brookville 200 1,366 Lenape 22 799 Fort Harker 218 1,600 Lawrence 38 845 Ellsworth 223 1,5.56 Perryville 51 870 Bunker Hill 252 1,882 Medina 52 871 Victoria 279 Grantville 60 895 Hays 289 2,099 Topeka 67 904 Ellis 302 2,135 Rossville 83 951 Grinnell 364 2,922 St. Mary's 90 973 Sheridan 405 3,121 Wallace 420 3,319 Bellevue 97 Wamego 104 1,018 Monotony 440 3,792 t-'t. George 110 1,018 Cheyenne Wells. . 462 4,295 Manhattan 118 1,042 First View 472 4,595 Ogden Lj*9 1,078 Kit Carson 487 4,307 fort Riley 135 1,090 Hugo... 534 5,068 I unction City 138 1,100 Detroit 157 1,153 Deer Trail 583 5,203 Box Elder 617 5,430 Abilene 163 1,173 Denver 639 5,196 COLORADO CENTRAL RAILROAD — MOUNTAIN DIVISION.