An Illustrated History of Missouri. Comprising its early record, and civil, political, and military history from the first exploration to the present time. Including ... biographical sketches of prominent citizens

Front matter

HISTORY OF MISSOURI STATE CAPITOL. an illustrated HISTORY OF MISSOURI < OMPHISJNti ITS EARLY RECORD. AND CIVIL, POLITICAL, ANC MILITARY HISTORY KROM THE FIRST EXPLORATION TO THK PRESENT TIME 1NUI.CDINM AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF LEGISLATION DURING THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE GOVERNORS FROM MNAIR, 18:20, TO HARDIN, 187H: WITH THE . TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE STATE ; " HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS ; OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES; OF TnE COUNTIES SEP- ARATELY, EMBRACING NARRATIVES OF PIONEER LIFE, PERSONAL REMINISCENCES, DESCRIP- TION OF LOCALITIES, SOILS, AND CLI- MATE; AGRICULTURAL, COMMER- CIAL AND EDUCATIONAL AD- VANTAGES. AND BIOOKAl'HK AL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT CITIZENS BY WALTER lUCKFoni) DAVIS V Mi DANIEL S. Dl'UTlIK. A.M. SOLI) BY SUBSCRIPTION. ST. LOUIS: A. J. HALL AND COM PANY Cincinnati: ROBERT CLARKE A CO, 1876. Entered according to Act os Congrent* in the year I87t», by A. J. HALL & CO., In thu office of the Librarian ol CongreBS, at Wush.ugton, D. (J.

Preface

. The prominent position now occupied by Missouri among the States of the Republic, renders an apology for writing its history unnecessary. Its astonishing progress in population, wealth, and intelligence, as well as its prospective importance, are such as to full}* justify, it is believed, not only a record extending from its first discovery down to the time of its purchase by the United States, but also a recital of its Territorial career, and of its advance ment as a State siuce its admission into the Union, in 1S20. Much care and labor have been given to each of these periods. In them were enacted scenes and incidents of thrilling interest. Great pains have been taken, in detailing these events, to present only such as are authentic and reliable. To this end, information has been sought for at every available point, and drawn from the most trust-worthy sources; yet such only has been retained as, upon careful consideration and the closest scrutiny, has been found weighty and significant.

At the same time, it has been attempted to embody facts in the narrative, in a manner to avoid crudeness on the one hand, and a dry chronological recital on the other. It will be seen that the topography and geology, as well as the geography of the State, have received that attention which their importance demands. Manufacturing, commercial and agricultural interests have also a prominent place. Missouri's mineral deposits, especially those of iron, coal and lead, have been dwelt upon. The richness of some of them is indeed marvelous! They form a basis of wealth, limited only by the extent of their development. PKKFACE. Sketches of the rise, progress, and present condition of the vari ous religious denominations of Missouri form a conspicuous feature of the book. In addition to these, a history is given of the public school system of the State, and also an account of the institutions ef learning, of which the Commonwealth is justly so proud.

Therein is shown how a rapidly increasing and intelligent people keep pace, in all that concerns religion, morality and learning, with older communities, in other portions of the Union. A distinguishing characteristic of this work is its county sketches. In them the reader is brought into close relation with each particular part of the State. The advantages of these are obvious, embracing, as they do, narratives of pioneer life, descriptions of interesting localities, and personal reminiscences. The staple products of each county, the quality of its soil, its market facilities, the course and size of its various streams, its educational advantages, — all these items of interest, and many others, are largely dwelt upon. The first settlement, too, of each county; its organization; its internal improvements; the location and progress of its principal towns; its suffering, or exemption from the ravages of civil war; its area and statistics; its natural resources; — these are some of the many subjects to which the attention of the reader is called.

A considerable space has been yielded in the book to biographies of leading and prominent men, living aud dead, who have borne an active part in the various enterprises of life, and who have become closely identified with the history of Missouri. The acts of those living must not be forgotten; nor must the memories of those who have passed away be allowed to perish. Such men, in fact, constitute the State. It is the imperative duty of the historian to chronicle their public and private efforts to advance the great interests of society. The deeds of these men are to be re corded for the benefit of those who follow them. Their successful lives add to the glory of the Commonwealth. In the present rapid progress of civilization and refinement,

PREFACE.

. V speculation is far more readily attracted to the future than to the past — onward toward that which is to come, rather than backward to what is finished. Notwithstanding this, the history of the State must be carefully studied to rightfully appreciate its present great ness, or to forecast what is to follow. Besides, it is certainly befit ting and proper to pay a due regard to the generations that have preceded us, upon whose labors we have entered, and the fruit of which we now enjoy. W. B. D. St. Louis, December, 1876. CONTENTS.

Chapter I. Spanish And French Discoveries

De Soto discovers the Mississippi — He advances to the Northwest — Winters in Missouri — Object of the Expedition — Hardships and Discouragements — Death of De Soto — The French in search of the Great River — Marquette and Joliet eliscover it June 17, 1673 — They journey southward to the mouth of the Arkansas — Marquette returns to his Mission and Joliet to Quebec — Sensation in Canada at the news of the Discovery — Death of Marquette — Robert Cavalier de La Salle — Hennepin sent to explore the Upper Mississippi — Voyage of La Salle to the Sea — He takes formal possession of Louisiana — He returns to France — Organizes a Colony for Louisiana — Sails from Rochelle — Disastrous Voyage — Lands in Texas — Deserted by Beaujeu — La Salle departs for Canada — Is Murdered — Count de Frontenac — Settlements in New France — DTberville in Bay of Mobile — Enters the Mississippi — Tonty's Letter to La Salle — D'lberville goes to France — M. De Bienville — Collision with the English — DTberville returns to Louisiana — Takes Possession of the Country anew — The French ascend the Missouri . . . 1 ♦

Chapter II. Occupation Of The Valley Of The Mississippi

Louisiana reduced to Embarrassing Condition — Friendship established between the French and Indians — Settlements in the Illinois Country — Land Titles — Louisiana granted to Crozat — Extent of Louisiana — First Laws — Crozat relinquishes his patent to the King — Condition of the Colony — Transfer of Louisiana to the Company of the West — Its Privileges and Powers— Extravagant Expectations of the Company — Fort Chartres — New Settlements — Mining Operations — Mines St. Francois and Potosi discovered — Spanish Expedition from Santa Fe' against the Missouris — Slaughter of the Spaniards — Fort Orleans erected on the Missouri — Destruction of the Fort — Massacre of the French — End of the Mississippi Company — First village established on the Missouri River — St. Louis Founded — Manners and Customs of early French Settlers. CONTENTS. VIII

Chapter III Spanish Domination In Upper Louisiana

Treaty of Fontainebleau— Extent of English Acquisitions— Secret Treaty between the French and Spanish Kings — Louisiana ceded to Spain — She defers Jurisdiction— M. D'Abadie — Arrival of General D'Ulloa in New Orleans with Spanish troops — Hostility of the Inhabitants — D'Ulloa required to leave the Country— Arrival of Count O'Reilly in 1769— Severe measures to obliterate French Supremacy— Rios in St. Louis — St. Ange acting Governor — Departure of Rios with his Troops for New Orleans— Pontiac— His Assassination— Don Pedro Piernas— End of French Domination— Piernas Policy— His Popularity— Prosperity of St. Louis— Immigration— Death of St. Ange— His Will— Carondelet founded— Crozat Succeeds Piernas— Fernando de Leyba— George Rogers Clark— St. Louis attacked by Indians— Treachery of Leyba— His Removal from the Commanel— Crozat placed in Authority — Leyba's Death— End of Crozat's Administration — His Successors- Expansion of Settlements — Revival of Trade in St. Louis — Close of Trudeau's Official Career— Charles Dehault Delassus — Arrival of Spanish Troops — Retrocession of Louisiana to France. • ■ -21

Chapter IV. St

LOUIS FROM 1803 to 1820. French Settlers — Missionaries — Anecdote related of a Missourian — Streets and Houses — Log Houses — Log Church — Government House- — Chouteau Mansion — Madam Chouteau's Residence — Fort St. Charles — Pain Court (short bread) — Number and Character of Houses — Names of principal Merchants and Traders — The Fur Trade — Prices of Goods — Increase of Population — New Buildings — Postoffice established — First Paper west of the Mississippi — St. Louis incorporated — Missouri Fur Company formed — Trading Posts established — Company Dissolved — First School established — Bank of St. Louis — Bank of Missouri incorporateel — Population of St. Louis in 1815 — Arrival of first Steamboat— First Steamboat on the waters of the Missouri — First Board of School Trustees — John Jacob Astor — Missouri Fur Company revived. 33

Chapter V. Retrocession Of Louisiana To France And Its Purchase By The

UNITED STATES. Treaty of St. Ildefonso — Spain cedes Louisiana to France — Purchase of the Territory by the United States — Sum of Payment, $15. 000,000— Duration of French Sovereignty — General Wilkinson in command of CONTENTS. IX the United States Troops— Spanish Troops embark for Havana — Cere mony of French Delivery to the United States — Amos Stoddard—Lou isiana divided — Placed under Jurisdiction of Governor and Judges of Indiana — Extent of Upper Louisiana — Population— Meriwether Lewis and William Clark conduct Exploring Expedition—Prepara tions for the Undertaking — Objects Achieved — First Courts of Justice — District changed to Territory of Louisiana, March 3d, 1805 — James Wilkinson appointed Governor — Aaron Burr — Fort Bellefontaine es tablished — Meriwether Lewis Governor — Embargo of 1807 — Its influence on St. Louis — Incident of Personal Prowess — Governor Lewis' Successors — Steamer New Orleans— The Great Earthquake — New Madrid destroyed. ■ • 43

Chapter VI. Missouri Territory

1812—1820 Louisiana to be called Missouri — Territory advanced to second grade of Government — Counties laid off — First Election — House of Representatives convenes December 7th, 1S12 — Members — Oath of office — First Business- — Council appointed — Proclamation of Governor Bates — William Clark succeeds to the office of Governor — Meeting of the General Assembly — Laws passed — Boundaries of Counties Denned — Enumeration of Inhabitants — Rufus Easton elected to Congress — First Session of second General Assembly, December 5, 1814 — Number of Representatives under new apportionment — Indian Troubles — Fort Bellevue attacked — Governor Clark instructed to establish a Garrison at Prairie du Chien — Fort commenced — Governor Clark returns to St. Louis — Sends a Force to preserve the Post from attack by the Indians — Termination of the Expedition — Legislature of 1816 — Acts passed — Legislature of 1818— Counties formed — Application to Congress for authority to Organize a State Government. 59

Chapter VII. Organization Of The State Government

Receipt of application by Congress for authority to Organize a State Government — The "Missouri Question" — A Political Storm — Excitement in Missouri — Compromise Effected — Missouri to decide whether Slavery Allowed or Rejected — Election for Members of Convention to Frame a Constitution — Meeting of Convention — Members — Constitution signed 19th of July, 1820— Alexander M'Nair Elected Governor — Amendment to Constitution — Boundaries of Missouri — Collision between Missouri and Iowa — Military Force appealed to — Questions of Dispute referred to the United States Court — Conditions of the Constitution — General Summary X CONTENTS.

Chapter VIII. Admission Of Missouri Into The Union

— ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR ALEXANDER M'NAIR. , 1830-1834. Opening of the First Legislature — Message of the Governor and his Recommendations — Election of Uniteel Slates Senators — New Countii s Formed — Location of State Capital — Further Congressional Action on - the Admission of Missouri — Reception of Missouri into the Union Complete — Failure ,of Bank of Missouri — Stay and Relief Laws — Special Meeting of the Legislature — Solemn Public Act — Legislative Session in November— First Directory published in St. Louis — Government Grist-mill — St. Louis incorporated as a City — Rocky Mountain Fur Company — Missouri Fur Company — Fatal Duel between Barton and Rector — Election of 1827 — Frederick Bates elected Governor — Convening of the Legislature — Governor M'Nair's Closing Message — Governer Bates' Message 77

Chapter IX. Administrations Of Governors Frederick Bates, Abraham

.1. WILLIAMS AND JOHN MILLER. 1824-1828. Bill in Reference to Duelling — Veto ofthe Governor — City of St. Louis — Its Mayor — Street improvements — Arrival ofthe Marquis de Lafayette — Enthusiasm of the Inhabitants — General Atkinson's Expedition — Treaties with the Kansas and Osage Indians — Survey of Santa FC road — Death of Governor Bates — Abraham J. Williams acting Governor — Election to Fill Vacancy — John Miller Successful Candidate — Industrial Pursuits — General Assembly Meet at new Seat of G-overnmerit — Election of United States Senators — Immigration — Financial Affairs— Productiveness of Lead Mines— Removal of Indians from the State 89

Chapter X

.ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR JOHN MILLER. 1828-1832. Quadrennial Election for State Officers— John Miller Re-elected Governor—Presidential Electors— Legislative Session in November, Is-.'O— Governor Miller's Message and Recommendations— Hostilities of the Iudians— Militia called out by the Governor— Branch Bank of the United States established at St. Louis— Judge J. H. Peck— Arrest of L. E. Lawless— The Salt Question— Speech of Senator Benton on the CONTENTS. XI Salt Tax — Re-election of Spencer Pettis to Congress — Duel between Pettis and Major Biddle — United States Census, 1830— Steamboat on the Upper Missouri — Black Hawk War — Re-charter of the United States Bank — President Jackson's Veto — Excitement Among the People — Indignation Meetings — Election for State Officers — Cholera in St. Louis 95

Chapter XI. Administrations Of Governors Daniel Dunklin And

LI] BURN W. BOGGS. 1832-1836. Legislative Session — Governor's Message and Recommendations — Counties Organized — State Penitentiary ordered Built — Population in 1832 — State Finances — The Mormons in Jackson County — Fears of the Citizens — Removal of the Mormons — Cholera at St. Charles, 1833 — Accounts of Famine at Mouth of the Yellowstone — General Assembly, 1834 — Dr. Lewis F. Linn Elected United States Senator — Immigration — Eight Steamboats Arrive in St. Louis — Railroad Mania — Destructive Fire in St. Louis — National Road Enterprise — Public Meeting — Quadrennial Election for State Officers — L. W. Boggs elected Governor — Texas Revolt — Presidential Electors — Vote for Martin Van Buren. 104

Chapter XII. Administration Of Governor Lilburn

W. BOGGS. 1836-1840. Ninth General Assembly — Governor's Message — State Debt — Vote for Governor — L. W. Boggs declared Elected — Banks Chartered — Expulsion of Foreign Bank Agencies — Money Panic — Bank Failures — Suspension Specie Payment — Death of David Barton — SeminoleWar — State House Burned, 17th November, 1837 — Mormon Difficulties — Military Assistance called — Peace Restored — Mormons leave the State— Tenth General Assembly — Governor Boggs' Message and Recommendations — Important enactments — Thomas H. Benton Elected United States Senator— William Clark died— Fur Trade of 1838— Election, 1839— Special Election in October— Nominations for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor — Immigration to Missouri — Thomas Reynolds elected Governor. . . Ill

Chapter XIII. Administrations Of Governors Thomas Reynolds And

M. M. MARMADUKE. 1840-1844. Eleventh General Assembly — Governor Boggs' Recommendations — Adjournment of Legislature — Important Laws Passed — Death of .1. B. C. CONTENTS. Lucas — Missouri's Finances — Legislature Re-elect Lewis F. Linn United States Senator — Dieel October, 1843 — David R. Atchison appointed to fill Vacancy —Impeachment Trial of John D. Leland — Iron Mountain — Lead Mines — Governor Reynolds Suicides — Democratic State Convention — John C. Edwards, Nominee for Governor — Death of Ex-Governor Daniel Dunklin — State Election — Whigs Refuse to Nominate Candidates for Congress — Their Opponents divided — "The Hards" and "The Softs "—Thomas H. Benton Re-elected United States Senator — Edwards Elected Governor — Majority Vote to Call a Constitutional Convention 119

Chapter XIV. Administration Of Governor John

C. EDWARDS. 1844-1848. Session of Thirteenth General Assembly — Governor's Message — United States Senators Elected — Auditor of Public Accounts Report — The Vote for Presidential Electors — State Census Taken — Rapid Increase of Population — The Great Flood — Rivers Overflow their Banks — Inhabitants Flee from their Homes — Adjournment of Legislature — Exultation at News of Texas Annexation — Boundary Dispute between Iowa and Missouri — Constitutional Convention — New Constitution Proposed — Volunteers for Mexican War — Second Requisition for Men — Election — Constitution Rejected by Vote of the People — Congressmen — Fourteenth General Assembly — Message of Governor Edwards — His Recommendations — Resolutions Regarding Executive Expenditures — "Tart and Bitter " reply of the Governor — Laws Passed — Memorials to Congress — Legislature Adjourns February 16th, 1847 126

Chapter XV. Administration Of Governor Austin

A. KING. 1848—1852. Fifteenth General Assembly convened 25th of December, 1848 — Senate Resolutions regarding Congressional action on Slavery Question- Laws passed — Northern Boundaries Questions settled in favor of Iowa — "St. Louis Republican" on the Situation — Presidential Election — Cass Electors receive Majority vole— Destructive fire in St. Louis— Twenty-three Steamboats Consumed— Valuable Cargoes lost — Buildings Blown up— The Lives lost— Value of Property destroyed — Insurance —Re-appearance of Cholera— General Assembly, 1850— State Treasury Receipts— State Expenditures— State Debt— Henry S. Geyer United States Senator for six years— St. Louis and Pacific Railroad— State Aid —Election of 1852— Sterling Price elected Governor— Called Session of the Legislature— Exciting contest for Speaker of the House— Governor King's Message— Land Grants by Congress. • • ■ -134 CONTENTS. XIII 140 AND 144 n

Chapter XVI Administration Of Governor Sterling Price

1852—1856. Legislature of 1852 — Governor King's Annual Message — Growing Prospects of the State — March Onward and Upward — Sterling Price Inaugurated Governor January, 1853 — State Capitol — State Lunatic Asylum — Railroads under Construction — Session of Eighteenth General Assembly — Bills approved and signed by the Governor — Two Houses meet in joint Convention to elect United States Senator — Unsuccessful Balloting— Action postponed— Legislature adjourned to first Monday in November — Death of Lieutenant-Governor Wilson Brown.

Chapter XVII. Administrations Of Governors Trusten Polk, Hancock Jackson Robert

M. STEWART. 1856—1860. Nineteenth General Assembly convened 29th of December, 1856 — Governor's Message — Revenue of the State — Trusten Polk's Inaugural Message — Meeting of two Houses Legislature to elect United States Senators — James S. Green elected to fill Vacancy, and Trusten Polk for six years — Adjourned Session of Legislature — Governor Polk resigns the office of Governor — Succeeded by Hancock Jackson — Twentieth General Assembly— Governor's Message and Recommendations — Adjourned Session of Legislature — R. M. Stewart, Governor — His views on Railroad Enterprises — Third Special Session of Legislature — State Election — Claiborne P. Jackson received majority vote for Governor — Seven Members of Congress Elected.

Chapter XVIII Administrations Of Governors Claiborne

F. JACKSON, HAMILTON GAMBLE AND WILLARD P. HALL. 1860-1864. First Session of Twenty-first General Assembly — Inauguration of Governor Jackson — Election of Delegates to State Conventibn — Meeting of Convention 28th February, at the Capitol— Adjournment — Adjourned to Meet in St. Louis 4th of March — Proposals of Georgia for Missouri to Join the Southern Confederacy — She Decides Against it — News of the surrender of Camp Jackson — Great Excitement in the Legislature — Military Bill Passed— Military Placed under Command of the Governor — Telegraph Taken Possession of — Ringing of Bells and Shouts of Men — Midnight Session of the Legislature — 12,000 Kegs CONTENTS. XIV 153 of Powder sent into the Country— State Treasure removed— City of St. Louis, Scene of Great Excitement— General Lyon in Possession of the Arsenal— General Frost Surrenders his Command to Lyon— Riot in St. Louis— Twenty-five Killed and Wounded— Legislature^Adjourned until September— General Harney— Interview between Government Officers and State Authorities— Governor Jackson Calls for 50,000 State Militia —Proclamation by General Lyon— Movement of Government Troops- Arrival at the Capital— Offices of the State Government— General Lyon near Booneville— Governor Jackson at Syracuse— Union Citizens Plundered— Government Force, 10,000 men— State Treasurer, Auditor and Land Registrar Return to Jefferson City and Take the Oath of Allegiance— The Home Guard of the Capital Under Direction of Colonel Boersiein— General J. C. Fremont in Command of lhe Depart ment of the West— Engagement at.

Carthage— Battle at Wilson's Creek —Attack on Monroe Station by Confederate Troops— General Pope in Command in Northern Missouri— State Convention at Jefferson City, July 22— State Offices Vacated by Convention— H. R. Gamble Chosen Governor— General Fremont's Emancipation Proclamation— Fremont Superseded— General Hunter in Command— Convention of Southern Sympathizers at Neosho— General Price in Southern Missouri— General Curtis moves with Federal Force to Southern Missouri— -Appointment of United States Senators— General Schofield in Mili tary Command — State Convention June 3d— Convention of Emanci pationists — Election for Members of Congress — Legislature meets December 29, 1862 — Sta'te Officers to Retain their Offices until Close of 1864 — A convention called on the 15th of July, lo Consider Plan of Emancipation — General Curtis Removed, and General Schofield Ap pointed — Convention Passed Ordinance of Emancipation — Differences between the State and Enrolled Militia — Convention to Revise the Organic Law of the State — Immigration — Adjourned Session of the Legislature, November 10th, 1863 — B. Gratz Brown elected United States Senator — Important Laws Passed

Chapter XIX. Administration Of Governor Thomas

C FLETCHER. 1864-1868. Annual Election — The Vote for President Lincoln — Union Ticket for State Offices Elected — Session of the Twenty-third General Assembly — Statistics of Enlistments — State Finances — Cessation of Military Disturbances — Common Schools — Governor Fletcher Inaugurated — Meeting of Constitutional Convention — Ordinance of Emancipation Passed — How the News was Received in St. Louis — New Constitution — Difficulties as to the Right of Possession of the Supreme Court Judges — The Test Oath and Difficulties Connected with its Enforcement — Arrest of Attorneys, Teachers and Clergymen — State Statistics — CONTENTS. XV 188 4 203 Railroads — Public Schools — Legislative Proceedings — Efforts to Modi fy the Test Oath— Close ot t tie War— The Test Oath brought before Supreme Court, aud the United Slates Supreme Court — Declared Un constitutional — Elections — The Registry Law — Claim on Federal Gov ernment — Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment concurred in by State Legislature — Twenty -fourth General Assembly Convened Janu ary 3d, 1867 — Governor Fletcher's Message — His Recommendations for Repeal of Test Law — Trial by State Senate of Judge Walter King for alleged Misdemeanors — Election of United States Senators — Con dition of State Finances — Illinois and St. Louis Bridge Company — Ad journed Session of Twenty-fourth General Assembly, January 7, 1868 — Democratic and Republican State Conventions — Election for Governor and State officers — J. W. McClurg, Governor — State Resources — State, Penal, and Benevolent Institutions — Educational Affairs — University of Missouri — Monument Erected to Memory of Thomas H. Benton — In crease of Population — Taxable Property of the Commonwealth.

Chapter XX. Administration Of

eiOVERNOR JOSEPH W. M'CLURG. 1868-1870. Session of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly- -J. W. McClurg Declared Elected Governor — Inaugural Message — Amendment to the State Constitution Recommended— Other Recommendations — Carl Schurz Elected United States Senator — Aeljournment of Legislature to January, 1870 — Assessed Valuation of Taxable Property — State Debt — Illinois and St. Louis Bridge Commenced — Railroad Enterprises — Charitable and Penal Institutions — Adjourned Session of Legislature — Laws Passed — Legislature of 1870-71 — Amendments to the Constitution Submitted to a Vote of the People — Republican Slate Convention — Lack of Harmony — Governor McClurg re-nominated — 250 Delegates Withdraw from the Convention — A New Ticket — B. Gratz Brown Nominated for Governor by Withdrawing Delegates— Exciting Campaign- Liberal Party Triumphant at the Election— Federal Census 1870 — Missouri Advanced from Eighth to Fourth Position Among the States, since 1860 — St. Louis Risen to Rank of Fourth City in the Union.

Chapter XXI Administration Of Governor

B. GRATZ BROWN. 1870-1872. Twenty-sixth General Assembly — Message and Recommendations of Governor Brown — Joint Convention to Elect a United States Senator —New Registration Law— Financial Condition ofthe State— Executive Mansion— Institution of the Blind— Geological Survey— Adjourned CONTENTS. 209 Session of the Legislature — Message and Recommendations of the Governor — State Bonds — Re-districting the State — Amendments of the Constitution Submitted to Voice of the People and Ratified, November, 1871— "The Gunn City Tragedy"— "Liberal-Republican" Movement- Convention at State Capitol — Republican and Democratic Conventions — John B. Henderson nominated by Republicans for Governor — Silas Woodson, nominee of Democrats and Liberal Republicans, Elected.

Chapter XXII. Administration Of Governor Silas Woodson

1872-1874. First Session Twenty-seventh General Assembly — Recommendations of Governor Brown in Closing Message — Governor Woodson Inaugurated — Vote of the Two Houses of the Legislature separately for United States Senator — Joint Combination — Exciting Contest — Lewis V. Bogy Declared Elected — Investigation upon Charges of Bribery — Bogy Exonerated — Important Convention in St. Louis — Interesting Statistics as to the Mineral Resources of Missouri — Special Session of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, 7th of January, 1874— Recommendations of Governor Woodson — Important Laws Passed — Special Message of Governor, relating to Lawlessness— Act Providing for Secret Service Force — "People's Party" Inaugurated — Election, 3d November — Success of Democratic Ticket. . . .... . . 215

Chapter XXIII. Administration Of Governor Charles

H. HARDIN. 1874-1876. Regular Session of Twenty-eight General Assembly, convened 6th January, 1875 — Valedictory Message of Governor Woodson to the Legislature—Bonds of the State Matured— Funding Bonds Issued— Reduction of Indebtedness of the State— Seminary and University Funds— The Centennial Exposition— President Grant's Policy toward Louisiana Denounced — Educational Institutions of Missouri — Schools in Prosperous Condition— Joint Convention of the Legislature to Canvass Votes for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor— Charles H Hardin, Governor elect, Sworn to Administer the Duties of the Office — Inaugural Message— Recommendations— Laws Passed— Session of the Legislature closed, March 29th, 1875— Extra Session called— Railroad Commissioners appointed— State Convention to Revise Constitution- New Constitution prepared— Measure Accepted by Vote of People, October 30th, 1875— Southern Pacific Railroad Convention in St. Louis —Number of Delegates— Resolutions Adopted— Conspiracy to Defraud the Government of the Revenue on Whisky— Distilleries Seized— Subsequent Developments. CONTENTS. XVII

Chapter XXIV. Physical Geography Of Missouri

Position — Boundaries— Navigable Waters— Bold Springs— Sulphur and Petroleum Springs— Varieties and Species of Timber — Grandeur and Beauty ofthe Forests — Climate— Rocks and Useful Minerals— Geological Ages— Division of Soils — Staple Products— Fruits— Domestic Animals — Coal Measures — Iron Deposits — Lead Mines — Copper and Zinc Ores — Marbles and Granites — Mineral Paints — Water Power produced by Springs. . . -

Chapter XXV Religious Denominations

Earliest Protestant Church — Rev. David Green — Log Meeting-house — Organized Existence of the Baptist church in Missouri — Associations — Number of Chinches — Membership — Congregational church — First Missionaries — First Preaching in St. Louis — First Congregational church Organized, in 1852 — Second Congregational church in the State — Pilgrim Church — Rapid Growth — Home Missions — Other Churches Organization — Number of Churches in the State — Christian Church — First Preachers in Missouri — Church at Fulton — Organizeel Churches in the State — Cumberland Presbyterian Church — First Presbytery — Present Number of Presbyteries — Number of Synods— Ministers — Members — Methodist Episcopal Church — Introduction of Methodism into Missouri — Rev. John Clark — Missouri Circuit — Posperity of the Church — Church Houses in 1876 — Church Membership — Sabbath Schools — Presbyterian Church — First trace of Presbyterian Preach ing in Missouri — First Protestant Church in St. Louis — Division of Church — Protestant Episcopal Church — First Services held in the Territory, 1819 — Christ Church Erected — Bishop Kemper — Congregations in 1836- -Rev. Cicero S. Hawks made Bishop of Missouri — Progress of the Church — St. Luke's Hospital Established — Bishop Hawks died — Rev. Charles F. Robertson his Successor — Roman Catholic Church — Catholic Missionaries — Town Established — History of the Church to the Present Time — United Presbyterian Church — Its History in Missouri — Unitarian Church — First Church Founded in 1834 — Church Membership — Church of the Unity — Prosperous Condition 346

Chapter XXVI. Education

History of the Public School System— Particular Institutions— Their Organization and Location — Desing and Scope — Vicissitudes encountered — Prosperity enjoyed — Denominational Connection — Healthfulness and Advantages of Location — Endowments — Donations — Advancement since the War — Prospective Development. . CONTENTS.

Chapter XXVII. Counties Of Missouri

Situation — First Settlements — Organization — Physical Features — Soils — Staple Products — Market Facilities— Course and Size of Streams— Caves — Mounds — Indian Relics — Traces of Ancient Cities — Ancient Races — Climate — Educational Advantages — Internal Improvements — Timber Supply — Varieties of Same — Rocks and Useful Minerals — Coal Beds — Description of Interesting Localities, and Personal Reminiscenses — Narratives of Pioneer Life — Location and Progress of Principal Towns — Suffering or Exemption from Ravages of Civil War — Municipal Townships — Area and Statistics — Natural Resources — County Seat — Location and Progress of Principal Towns 313

Appendix

. Record of Territorial and State Offices, Judges of Supreme Court, United States Senators anel Representatives to Congress 621 Index INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. PORTRAITS Heryford, William 522 Hicks, Russell 106 Hillman, William H 371 Hill, Britton A 439 Hockaday, John A 220 Houston, Thomas F 414 Hughes, Charles J 530 Hutchins, Stilson 59 Kelley, Henry S 77 Krekel, Arnold 95 Langdon, Edwin J 262 Lathrop, LL. D., John H 536 Major, Sr., Samuel C 376 Marshall, Hugh D 423 McCarty, Edward C 372 McGrath, Michael K 112 McCullough, Joseph L 367 Morgan, Michael D 326 Mosby, M. D., William W 256 Nacke, Joseph 556 Nickerson, Edmund A 386 Owens, Samuel H 214 Owen, Reuben P 450 Paxton, William Q 560 Peers, Charles E 456 Phelps, William H 384 Philips, John F 126 Read, LL. D., Daniel 306 Richardson, Samuel A 359 Riley, Charles V 573 Ritchey, Mathew H 408 Rollins, James, S 22 Rollins, Anthony W 582 Pvyland, John F 64 Sawyer, Samuel.