A History of Lawrence, Kansas, from the first settlement to the close of the Rebellion

Preface

. About three years ago, it was suggested that the writer prepare a history of Lawrence covering the period of its early settlement. Without realizing what was involved in such an undertaking, he consented. Since coming to under stand the difficulties in the way he has often been inclined to withdraw his consent. It soon became evident that no history can ever be written which will be satisfactory to those who took part in those early struggles. It was a time of intense excitement, and those who passed through those scenes retain vivid impressions of them. Any description will seem tame compared with the graphic picture they have in mind. Then it is impossible to do justice to all the actors engaged. The movement that saved Kansas was of the people, rather than of the leaders. There were leaders, but they were leaders chiefly because they went before.

They did not create the movement, nor the sentiment out of which it grew. The people moved towards Kansas of their own impulse. They did not go at the beck of any man. They followed certain men because they were going their way. If all the leaders had failed them they would have chosen others and gone on. They were moved by individual conviction and a common impulse. Men and women who have never been heard of displayed a spirit of self sacrifice and heroism as worthy of remembrance as anything history records of the noted names. No history can do honor to all who deserve it.

PREFACE.

. IV It is becoming quite common to Under-rate the heroism that saved Kansas for freedom. The cold blooded historian goes mousing among old letters and he finds that these early heroes were men and women, of like frailties with ourselves. But the glory of heroism is not that angels come down to mingle in the affairs of men, but that common men and women, when the occasion demands, can rise to such sublime heights of heroism and self sacrifice. It becomes the people of Kansas to appreciate her own history and the men who laid the first foundations. It was the heroic age, and in the future it will take its place with Plymouth Rock and Lexington. The writer acknowledges his indebtedness to those who have written before him. It would be impossible to name all the writers who have been of service to him.

The following are among the number: A. T. Andreas, History of the State of Kansas; especially his military history and county histories; Charles Robinson, The Kansas Conflict; Leverett W. Spring, Kansas; D. W. Wilder, Kansas Annals; Eli Thayer, The Kansas Crusade; J. H. Gihon, Governor Geary's Administration; United States Biographical Dictionary; J. N. Holloway, History of Kansas; W. A. Phillips, Conquest of Kansas; C. S. Gleed, Kansas Memorial; The publications of Kansas State Historical Society. The writer gladly acknowledges his special obligation to Hon. F. G. Adams of the State Historical Society who has at all times given him free access to the remarkable collection of early newspapers which are on file in the rooms of that insti tution. Richard Cordley. CONTENTS. PACE

PREFACE.

iii

Chapter I

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill. — The North Aroused. — The Emigrant Aid Company —Eli Thayer, Amos A. Lawrence and Dr. Charles Robinson. — The First New England Emigrants Reach Mount Oread, Organize a Town Company and Lay Out the Town. — "What Shall We Call It? " — Pitching Tents and Building Cabins. — Pioneer Boarding House i

Chapter II

Reinforcements. — The Disgust of the Kid-gloved Contingent. — First Sabbath Services. — The First Funeral. — Town Site Troubles. — "Shoot to Hit." — First Election for Delegate to Congress. — Judge Wakefield. — The First School. — Three Newspapers. — Winter in Tents and Cabins 15

Chapter III

Spring Election, March 30th, 1855. — Excitement in Missouri. — An Army of Voters Invade Lawrence. — Missouri Voters Elect a Kansas Legislature. — Slavery Triumphant and Exultant. — Free-State Men Despondent and Indignant. — What Shall We Do? — Dr. Robinson's Policy. — " Bogus Legislature " Repudiated 28

Chapter IV

The Conflict Begun. — The Dow Murder. — The Branson Rescue. — Sheriff Jones Appeals to the Governor. — The Governor Calls Out the Militia. — Missouri Responds to the Call. — The Wakarusa War. — The Army at Franklin. — Preparations for Defense 45

Chapter V

Governor Shannon Alarmed. — Telegraphs the President for Regular Troops. — They Do Not Come. — The Governor Visits Lawrence. — Confers with the Free-State Men. — A Treaty of Peace. — The Militia Go Home. — A Love Feast at Lawience — The Murder of Barber. — Old John Brown CONTENTS. VI

Chapter VI

A Hard Winter.— Conflict Takes a New Form in the Spring.— The Courts Come to the Rescue. — Judge Lecompte's Charge. — The Grand Jury's Indictment. — High Treason. — The Sacking of Lawrence. — Burning of the Free-State Hotel and Printing Offices 80

Chapter VII

The Summer of 1856. — Outrages Everywhere. — Lawrence Invested by Pro-Slavery "Forts". — The Capture of Franklin, Fort Saunders and Fort Titus. — Titus a Prisoner. — Governor Shannon Makes Another Treaty. — Governor Shannon Resigns, — Daniel Woodson Acting Governor 1 04

Chapter VIII

Retaliation. — Martial Law. — Militia Called Out. — Missouri Responds. — Tweny-eight Hundred March on Lawrence. — Governor John W. Geary Arrives. — Appears in Lawrence with Troops. — The Militia Sent Home. — " The Benign Influences of Peace." 123

Chapter IX

The Bogus Legislature Again. — Governor Gsary Comss into Collision with It. — He is Bitterly Assailed by Pro-Slavery Leaders. — Resigns in March. — Walker and Stanton. — Peace and Progress and Prosperity. — Lawrence and her Voluntary City Government. — Martial Law Once More 138

Chapter X

Lecompton Constitutional Convention. — The Census and Apportionment.— Free-State Men Ignore It— Election of Territorial Legislature.— Shall We Vote?— Free-State Men Carry the Election. — Oxford and the Cincinnati Directory. — Walker Throws Out the Fraudulent Returns. — Is Removed from Office 146

Chapter XI

The Territorial Legislature Adjourns to Lawrence. — The Bogus Laws Sent Home— The Lawrence Charter— A City Government at Last. — Samuel Medary Governor 1-, CONTENTS. VII t

Chapter XII

Lawrence in 1858. — The Ebb of the Tide. — Spring Immigration which Failed to Come. — The Underground Railroad. — Progress in Building; In Churches. — Temperance in Lawrence. — The Drouth of 1860. — The Last Territorial Legislature. — Kansas Admitted into the Union. — A Free State 161

Chapter XIII

The Beginning of the Civil War. — Exposed Condition of Kansas. — Her Interest in the Conflict. — The First Enlistments. — The Battle of Wilson's Creek. — The Contrabands. — Lawrence in Close Touch with the Soldiers 175

Chapter XIV

The Lawrence Raid. — Its Antecedents and Causes — William C. Quantrill, Its Unique Character. — Other Raids. — Its Unparalleled Brutality 187

Chapter XV

The Lawrence Raid. — The Approach. — The Charge and the Surprise. — The Surrender of the Hotel. — The Burning and the Killing Begin. — Four Hours of Slaughter. — Marvelous Escapes. — The Heroism of the Women 198

Chapter XVI

The Lawrence Raid. — The Departure and Pursuit. — The Scene Left Behind. — The Burial of the Dead. — The Ruin and the Loss. — Sympathy and Help. — Rebuilding the Town 233

Chapter XVII

Another Summer. — Lawrence Restored. — Improvements. — The New Bridge. — Enalrgement. — New Alarm. — Price is Coming. — Preparations for Defense. — Martial Law. — Militia Ordered Out. — The Battles on the Blue. — A Night of Anxiety. — " Joy Cometh in the Morning." — The War is Over. — Peace at Last

Chapter I

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill. — The North Aroused. The Emigrant Aid Company. — Eli Thayer, Amos A. Lawrence and Dr. Charles Robinson. — The First New England Emigrants Reach Mount Oread, Organize a Town Company and Lay Out the Town. — "What Shall We Call It ? " — Pitching Tents and Building Cabins. Pioneer Boarding House. When the Kansas-Nebraska bill passed, May 25, 1854, there was a feeling of despondency all over the north. The discussion of the bill had been long and exciting, and the whole country had joined in it. It was discussed in every newspaper, in every gathering of citizens, in every school lyceum. It was everywhere felt that its passage opened Kansas to slavery, and that was thought to be equivalent to making Kansas a slave state. Kansas lay beyond Missouri, and Missouri was a slave state.

The border counties of Missouri had a large slave population, and an intense pro-slavery sentiment. The south pressed the passage of the bill for the sole purpose of securing Kansas to slavery, and when the bill had passed she felt assured that her end w-as gained. In the natural order of things this conclusion would have been justified by the sequel. In the natural order of things the people of Missouri would have passed over into Kansas and shaped her institutions to suit themselves. Therefore the south was jubilant and the north despondent when the bill passed. But after the first shock was over, people began to ask "What can be done now?" The question so long discussed had taken too strong a hold on the public mind to be dropped. Congress had thrown the territory open to slavery. Was there any other way of keeping it out ?

Mr. Eli Thayer, of Worcester, Massachusetts, proposed to meet the question on the terms of the bill itself. The bill provided that the people of the territory should themselves determine whether it should be slave or free. "Let us settle Kansas with people who will make it free by their own voice and vote." William H. Seward had foreshadowed this policy in a speech in the United States Senate. "Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave states. Since there is no escaping your challenge, we accept it in the name of freedom. We will engage in com petition for the virgin soil of Kansas, and God give the victory to the side which is stronger in numbers, as it is in right." The contest, therefore, was transferred to the plains of Kansas. The north had been defeated in congress; she would try again in Kansas.

In accordance with this purpose, "The Emigrant Aid Company" was formed in Massachusetts. Its purpose was to encourage and aid emigration to Kansas. Many leading men joined in the movement. Amos A. Law rence, of Boston, a man of wealth and honor and large influ ence, was prominent among those who gave the movement not only their sanction, but their active cooperation. These men never faltered in the long struggle, but were always ready with voice and purse to help the cause along. The interest was not confined to New England, but was general and widespread. The rising tide of anti-slavery sentiment was rapidly centering upon one practical point: "Slavery must not secure another foot of the public domain." Men anxious to check slavery felt that here was the oppor tunity to do something effective.

They could not vote in congress, but they could go to Kansas, and vote, and that would accomplish the same thing. Even before the bill passed this thought began to mature, and people here and there were preparing for what they saw was coming. Early in May, 1854, the Barber brothers, Thomas W. and Oliver P., with Samuel Walker and Thomas M. Pearson, made a tour in the territory with a view to settlement. They had all been "boys together" in Franklin county, Pennsyl vania, but the Barbers now lived in Indiana. They came to Westport, Missouri, by public conveyance. Here they hired a half-breed Indian to take them over the territory with his team. They spent a night at "Blue Jacket Crossing" on the Wakarusa, and passed over what was to be the site of Lawrence, passing up the spur of the hill south of where the university now stands.

They went up as far as Topeka where there was an old-fashioned rope ferry; they then went across the prairies to Fort Leavenworth and then back to their home. The Kansas-Nebraska bill passed while they were in the territory. All four afterwards removed to Kansas, and were largely instrumental in inducing others to come. The most systematic and extensive movement, however, was made in Newr England. "The New England Emigrant Aid Company," which had been chartered by the legislature of Massachusetts in April, was then called "The Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society." But afterwards a new charter was obtained for "The New England Emigrant Aid Company." The men engaged in it, Eli Thayer, Amos A. Lawrence, and others, began their work at once, arousing public interest and making arrangements to facilitate emigration to Kansas.

As early as June, 1854, they sent Dr. Charles Robinson, of Fitchburg, and Mr. Charles H. Branscomb, of Holyoke, to explore the territory and select a site for a colony. Dr. Robinson was just the man for such a mission. Besides being in full sympathy with the ideas of Mr. Thayer, he knew the methods of the frontier. In 1849 he went to California with the gold seekers, and was a prominent actor in the stirring scenes which characterized the early history of that state. In those turbulent times he had been severely wounded, and had been put under arrest and kept in prison for several months. But he and his associates finally won the day, and California was saved from the rule of the thieves. He was just the man needed in the new emergency. He was cool of counsel and brave of heart, and knew the conditions he had to meet.

In going to California he had passed over Kansas. He went by what was afterwards known as the "California Road." This road began at Westport, crossed the Wakarusa beyond Franklin, and wound up the spur of the hill just southeast of the state university. It then passed along the high prairie which divides the valley of the Kansas river from that of the Wakarusa. Dr. Robinson and his party climbed the hill along this spur, and looked off over what was after wards the site of Lawrence. They marked the beauty of the spot and the magnificence of the view. Whether they thought then of what might aftenvards occur is not known: but when the time came to select a location for the first colony, Dr. Robinson remembered this view from the hilltop, and this doubtless had much to do in the final decision.

When he was asked, therefore, to go and explore the country with a view to locating colonies, it was not altogether an unknown land to him. Neither was pioneering altogether a new experience to him. He knew something of the men and methods of pioneer life. On arriving in Kansas, Mr. Brans comb and some others passed again over the Lawrence town site, while Dr. Robinson w-ent up the Missouri river to Leav enworth and other points. While these two gentlemen were exploring the territory, their friends were getting ready to send out the first party of emigrants. There were only twenty-nine in this first party, but they went out to prepare the way for others, and to show that the thing could be done. They were accompanied as far as Buffalo by Eli Thayer himself, the founder of "The New England Emigrant Aid Company."

We quote a few paragraphs from his "Kansas Crusade:" "The pioneer colony left Boston July 17, 1854. Immense crowds had gathered at the station to give them a parting God-speed. They moved out of the station amid the cheering of the crowds who lined the track for several blocks. "The emigrants remained in Worcester the first night, and received a suitable ovation. Several of the leading citizens called upon them, and applauded their patriotic devotion, and pledging remembrance in any emergency. "The next day we were met in the evening at Albany by a good number of citizens who welcomed us with great cordi ality. The next day we were cheered at all the principal stations as we passed on our westward journey. The president of the Monroe County Bible Society made an address, and presented the colony with a large and elegant Bible."

They crossed Lake Erie in the steamer "Plymouth Rock," and went by way of Chicago to St. Louis. Here they were met by Dr. Robinson, who gave them the benefit of his exper ience. He procured transportation for them on board the steamer "Polar Star," and they left St. Louis July 24th and arrived at Kansas City the Friday evening following, July 27th. The journey from here is well described in a letter by Mr. B. R. Knapp, published in the Boston News, and dated August 9, 1854: "We prepared ourselves at once for starting. An ox team was purchased to transport the baggage and at ten o'clock Saturday evening we started on foot for our destination across the prairie. We traveled as much as possible during the night as the weather was very hot during the middle of the day. We saw occasionally a log house as we passed along, inhabited by farmers, of whom we obtained milk, etc.

On the evening of Sunday we encamped on the lands of the Shawnee Indians. On Monday morning we started early, and in the evening arrived at the Wakarusa river, within ten miles of our destination. Here we camped, and the next day reached our new home. Here we established our camp, and pitched our twenty-five tents, which made a fine appearance though somewhat soiled. On Wednesday the second day of August, we went to work setting up our claim to the lands, and preparing for permanent settlement." The following are the names of this first party: E. Davenport, A. Holman, Ben. Merriam, J. F. Morgan, A. H. Mallory, J. W. Russell, E. Conant, F. Fuller, G. W. Hewes, Dr. S. C. Harrington, A. Philbrick, J. D. Stevens, E. White, W. H. Hewes, John Mailey, Sam'l F. Tappan, D. R. Anthony, H. Cameron, G. W. Hutchinson, George Thatcher, J. M. Jones, Dr. John Doy, A. Fowler, G. W. Goss, August Hillpath, O. Harlow, Arthur Gunter, J. C. Archibald, B. R. Knapp.

This party arrived August ist. They ate their first meal on the hill where the old University building now stands. Of course they held a " meeting " and "organized." Some one has said that "wherever two or three Yankees are met together there they hold a meeting and organize." The meeting chose Ferdinand Fuller as chairman. They were in good position to " View the landscape o'er," which they proceeded to do. They also had some speeches, and discussed the merits of the location and the best methods of procedure. The situation seemed to please them, and they voted to "stay here." They named the hill on which they met "Mount Oread," a name which it bears "unto this day." They remained on the hill a day or two, and then moved down, and camped near the Kansas river a little west of where the bridge now crosses that stream.

The members of the party spent several days "claim hunting," and selected claims all around the proposed town site. After this was done, about half the party returned east, with the intention of bringing their families in the spring. The second party of emigrants left Boston the last of August. It was a much larger party than the first, having sixty-seven members when leaving Boston. They received accessions on the way, swelling their numbers to one hundred and fourteen. There were eight or ten ladies in the company, and several children. There were several musicians, among them Joseph and Forest Savage from Hartford, Vermont. These musicians had their instruments with them, and en livened the journey with music whenever opportunity offered. Before starting they assembled in the Boston and Worcester station in Boston, and sang and played Whittier's "Hymn of the Kansas Emigrant," which became a sort of national hymn to the colonists.

These musicians became afterwards the nucleus of the " Lawrence Band" and were its main reliance for many years. They did noble service in stimulating an interest in music in the early times. The following is Whittier's "Song of the Kansas Emigrant:" " We cross the prairie as of old The fathers crossed the sea. To make the West, as they the East, The homestead of the free. " We go to rear a wall of men On Freedom's southern line. And plant beside the cotton tree The rugged northern pine. " We're slowing from our native hills As our free rivers flow, The blessing of our mother land Is on us as we go. We go to plant the common school On distant prairie swells, And give the Sabbaths of the wilds The music of her bells. " Upbearing, like the ark of God, The Bible in our van. We go to test the truth of God Against the fraud of man."

The second party arrived at Lawrence or "Wakarusa," as it was then called, September gth. They had been led by Charles Robinson, who was afterwards the first governor of the state, and by Samuel C. Pomeroy, who was one of the first two United States senators. It contained a number of men who were afterwards prominent in Kansas affairs, and who will be remembered with interest by all old settlers. The following is a partial list of the members of the party: James F. Ayers, Joseph W. Ackley, S. F. Atwood, Lewis H. Bacon, Edwin Bond, F. A. Bailey, Owen T. Bassett, Susan Bassett, H. N. Bent, William Bruce, Mrs. Bruce, Mrs. Bond, F. L. Crane, Joseph H. Cracklin, Willard Colburn, Mrs. Colburn, Jared Carter, Ed. Dennett, J. S. Emery, George F. Earle, Milan Grant, Mrs. Grant, Levi Gates, Mrs. Gates, George Gilbert, Joel Grover, Azro Hazen, H. A. Hancock, O. A. Hanscom, W. A. Hood, Franklin Haskell, Lewis Howell, W. H. Hovey, R. J. Hooten, S. N. Hartwell, C. Hobart, Alfonso Jones, H. A. Fick, Mrs. Jones, Wilder Knight, Mrs. Knight, Ed. Knight, G. W. Knight, Miss Knight, D. B. Trask, W. Kitcherman, E. D. Ladd, J. A. Ladd, Luke P. Lincoln, Lewis L. Litchfield, Lewis' T. Litchfield, Mrs. Litchfield, Otis H. Lamb, Samuel Merrill, J. S. Mott, John Mack, J. N. Mace, Mrs. Mace, J. H. Muzzy, Caleb S. Pratt, S. J. Pratt, Samuel C. Pomeroy, A. J. Payne, Charles Rob inson, Thomas F. Reynolds, E. E. Ropes, Charles W. Smith, Joseph Savage, Forest Savage, Jacob Strout, Mrs. Strout, Matthew H. Spittle, A. D. Searl, F. A. Tolles, J. B. Taft, Owen Taylor, Mrs. Taylor, John Waite, S. J. Willis, Mrs. Willis, Sol.

Willis, E. W.' Winslow, Silas Wayne, Mrs. Wayne, Ira W. Younglove, J. Sawyer, Mrs. Carter. Rev. S. Y. Lum, Mrs. Lum, and Miss Anna Tappan, arrived about the same time by a different route, and were reckoned with the second party. Mr. Lum preached the first sermon preached in Lawrence, a few days after his arrival. When the second party arrived they met the members of the first party and soon agreed upon terms of union with them in laying out the town. The members of the party were MAP OF THE CITY OF LAWRENCE soon scattered here and there seeking claims for themselves. September 18th a meeting of the settlers was held to effect a town organization. The necessity for this arose from the fact that there were no laws regulating such matters. The only thing they could do was to set up a sort of voluntary municipal government.

This meeting adopted a constitution and agreed upon rules for the choice of claims. The next day officers were chosen, and a full city government set up. Dr. Charles Robinson was chosen president; Ferdinand Fuller, vice-president; Caleb S. Pratt, secretary; Levi Gates, treasurer; E. D. Ladd, register of deeds; A. D. Searl, sur veyor; Joel Grover, marshal. The councilmen were Messrs. J. S. Emery, J. F. Morgan, Franklin Haskell. S. C. Harring ton, A. H. Mallory, Samuel F. Tappan, S. P. Lincoln, S. J. Willis, N. T. Johnson, Joseph H. Cracklin. At an early meeting of the council the principles of the Maine law were proposed, and adopted almost unanimously. Thus Lawrence commenced its being as a prohibition town. September 20th another public meeting was held by mem bers of the first and second parties.

Terms of agreement were arranged and unanimously adopted, by which they were to lay out the town together. It was agreed that the choice of shares should be sold to members of the town association. Time was allowed for payment, and the proceeds were to constitute a fund for public improvements. The choices were sold at prices varying from fifty cents to over three hundred dollars. The fifty-six claims sold aggregated the sum of $5,040. At the end of the year the association gave up the notes, and the obligation was cancelled and the money never called for. In the distribution of shares, lots were reserved for a college, for schools, for state buildings, and for other public purposes. At midnight of this same day, September 20th, the sur veyor, A. D. Searl, with Charles W. Smith and three others, went out upon the high ground on Massachusetts street, near the river, and took the observations necessary to establish the meridian line.

September 25th the surveyor commenced the survey of the town, and marked off the lots and streets and reservations essentially as they stand today. The name of the town had not been determined upon. It had been called Wakarusa, Yankee-town, and New Boston. After a full discussion it was decided to give it the name of Lawrence, after Amos A. Lawrence, of Boston. Mr. Law rence was one of the first men of means to endorse the movement for the settlement of Kansas in the interest of freedom. He was a man of large wealth and belonged to one of the most distinguished New England families. He was also a man of wide personal influence. He was treasurer of " The New England Emigrant Aid Company," and a very liberal contributor to its funds. A little later he gave some twelve thousand dollars to help found a college at Lawrence, which ultimately became a part of the endowment of the state university.

His interest in Kansas, and especially in Lawrence, never faltered. His father and uncie were Abbott and Amos Lawrence who were long distinguished in business and political circles in eastern Massachusetts. Abbott Lawrence had been a member of congress several times, and was minister to England for a number of years. Amos A. Lawrence inherited the wealth, and reputa tion, and business capacity of the family. He also inherited their public spirit and large liberality. The naming of the first free state town in Kansas after him was a very fitting recognition. The following letter from Mr. Lawrence, written for the Old Settlers meeting but not received in time for that meeting, shows something of the spirit of the man and of the condition of the times. It has never before been made public. It was sent in response to an invitation from the secretary, Mr. Charles W. Smith, to be present at the meet ing: "(Near) Boston, August 16th, 1877. ' ' To the Old Settlers' Association : " Dear Friends: — Your kind and pressing invitation, signed with your own hands, to be present at your yearly meeting, came close on that of the chancellor of the university to be present at the dedication of the new building.

The same causes which keep me here, and made me decline the former, force me reluctantly to decline yours. If there are any faces on earth I wish to see they are yours. ' ' You are good enough to say that ' free Kansas is indebted to no man more than yourself in her days of darkness and trial and many, very many, of our people desire to see your face, and welcome you to our state.' For the last I thank you with all my heart. But as to the first, permit me for once to differ from you, and direct your notice to others who rendered much greater service. "Eli Thayer preached the ' Kansas Crusade.' He originated and organized the ' Emigrant Aid Society ' in opposition to the plans of southern statesmen and politicians. Early in 1854, several months before the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, he wrote the charter of that company, and secured its passage through the Massachusetts Legislature, of which he was a member.

He it was more than any other who turned the tide of northern emigration that year, and made Kansas a free state. He traversed the northern states, and aroused the people, depicting the glories of that country, and urging the emigrants not to turn away from it, but to go on and possess it. He never faltered in his faith, and he inspired confidence everywhere. " There was Charles Robinson, whom you chose your leader and governor. He was to you in that day what Moses was to the Israelites. When the action of the government was adverse to your interests: when Reeder and Geary were removed; when Atchison, the acting vice-president, left his seat in the senate to lead the border ruffians, and to drive you out with fire and sword, it was Robinson more than any other man who held the people firm in their allegiance to the United States.

He had to fight not only the enemy but his friends. He was the representative of law and order, and so under Providence the public sentiment of the country was kept in your favor. "You know who helped the cause there. Besides those who are now members of the association, there were many devoted men and women, who will never be known abroad; some of whom laid down their lives; and all of whom endured hardships and privations. Let us thank God for the good results and take courage. He governs the nations and individuals. "And now good friends, for the present farewell. We may hope to meet on some other occasion. At any rate the time is not far distant when we may hope for a reunion which shall be forevermore. With great respect and affection, I am and shall ever remain, Yours, " Addressed to "Amos A. Lawrence.