The History of Edinburgh, from the earliest accounts, to ... 1780 ... To which is added, a sketch of the improvements of the city, from 1780 to 1816. Embellished with an elegant plan of the city

Appendix

. CONTAINING CREECH'S FUGITIVE PIECES; NOTICES OF RECENT IMPROVEMENTS; .MD LITERARY AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES, &c. AND THE SET OF THE CITY. (£A)t hourly ŒHition. EMBELLISHED WITH AN ELEGANT PLAN OF THE CITY. Æfcinfcurg?) : PRINTED BY THOMAS TURNBULL, OLD ASSEMBLY CLOSE. Ibl8.

Preface

. — —^— "hen I formed the resolution of writing a History of Edinburgh, I intended to have composed a work on a limited scale. But the discovery of various materials which tended to illustrate the state of manners, and to throw a new light on certain public transac tions, induced me to enlarge my plan. The affairs of a kingdom, and of its capital, are so closely interwoven, that, in a history ofthe latter, to connect or separate with propriety their respective affairs, requires nice discernment. In admitting or rejecting from this work a detail of national occur rences, I have been influenced by a joint consideration of their connection with the capital, of their intrinsic importanoe, and of their having been faintly described by former writers, or exhibited in a point of view in consistent with historical justice.

I have had to search into most of the public records in Scotland. Whether the materials I have discovered be equal to the labour of my researches, is not for me to determine. I have had to travel through the pro- PREF..CE. lix. jargon of polemical writers. It may, perhaps, be superfluous to add, that a history which describes, without reserve, the enormities of different parties in a nation, where contending factions, inflamed by bigotry, have mutually tyrannized over, or rebelled a gainst each other, will afford to all parties ample occasion for remark. With respect to the odium I may incur on this account, I must console myself by reflecting, that a person who has not set his mind above being affected by the calumnies of faction, is utterly unqualified for the duties of an historian. It has afforded me great satisfaction, in the course of this work, that I have received, on all hands, the most cheerful and liberal assistance.

The Town-coun cilof Edinburgh, and the keepers of all the public re cords, have given me the most ready access to then repositories. And, in the different offices for collect ing the public revenue, the most ready information has been afforded me. Principal Watson of St Sal vador's, and Professor Brown of St Mary's Colleges St Andrews, as well as Principal Chalmers, and the Professors of King's College Aberdeen, have, in the most obliging manner, communicated to me such of their records as could be serviceable to this underta king. And the Professors in the University of Edin burgh have lent me every requisite assistance. I have been laid under no less obligations to individuals. In my search for materials, Sir David Dal rymple pointed out to me those paths which he him-

PREFACE.

. self has so accurately traced. To John Davidson, Esq. Writer to the Signet, I am indebted for the communication of ancient records and curious manuscripts, preserved in the archives of great and noble families. He enhanced the favour by an explanation of many barbarous phrases in those papers, which to me were unintelligible. To William Tytler, Esq. Writer to the Signet, I owe particular obligations. Let me not o mit to acknowledge the polite and friendly attention with which David Garrick, Esq. communicated to me some curious and valuable manuscripts. — Alas I I little thought that this was to be a tribute to his memory only. Edinburgh, ") March 1, 1119, J I V a* CONTENTS. BOOK FIRST.

Chapter I

Origik of Edinburgh— Edinburgh Castle— Battle of the Borough-moir— Castle rebuilt ; retaken by Stratagem—Intrigues concerning the Person of James II. — Murder of the Earl of Douglas— Generous Conduct of the Citizens to Henry VI. of England — They become surety to repay the Dowry given by Edward IV. in Contemplation of his Daughter's Marriage with the Prince of Scotland ; liberate James III. from imprisonment j and accompany his Successor to the Battle of Flowden — Quarrels among the Nobles— Citizens offer to furnish Men against the English— Rise and Progress of the Reformation—War with England— City plundered and burnt—John Kflox— The Congregation—Severities against Papists and Fernicators— Queen Mary insulted— A Minister of Edinburgh protests against her Marriage with Bothwell— She is brought Captive to Edinburgh —Castle besieged and taken — Earl of Morton— Violence of the Clergy, and their Influence — Fly from Edinburgh, but return- King effectuates a Reconciliation among the Nobles— New Quarrels between the King and Clergy, who excite the people to Tumult — The King assaulted — Escapes, and departs from Edinburgh—Measures of the Clergy — King returns — City convicted of High Treason, but restored— The King departs for England. Page

Chapter II

Manners ofthe ancient Sects — Their Dress and Table— Their Houses and Furniture— Their Learning— Art of Printing- Trade— Navigation— Spirit of Chivalry, and its Effects— Reli« CONTENTS. gious Ceremonies— Dramatic Representations— Game of Robin Hood Mass of Requiem — Hospitality of the Popish Ecclesiastics—Poverty of the Reformed Clergy — Discovery of Coal — Value of Money — Table of the Prices of Provisions from A. D. 1000 to 1600- — Specimens of the Table of King James IV. . .... Page 38

Chapter III

Edinburgh visited by King James VI. and afterwards by Charlesl. —Source of the Troubles in the Reign of Charles I — Tumult in Edinburgh upon reading the Liturgy — Second Tumult- Royal Proclamation encountered^with a Public Protestation of Disobedience — The Covenant — Marquis of Hamilton comes to Edinburgh as King's Commissioner to the Covenanters, whom he in vain endeavours to appease — Leaves Edinburgh, and returns with new Concessions, which are rejected — A Prophetess — Meeting of the General Assembly at Glasgow, who abolish Episcopacy— Estates of Parliament meet at Edinburgh ; their Preparations for War— Seize Edinburgh Castle and Dalkeith House ; fortify Leith— Their Expedients for raising Money — Marquis «f Hamilton arrives in the Forth •with a Fleet and Army — King Charles comes to Edinburgh ; his timid and ungenerous Policy — Scots Army enter England on behalf of the Parliament — Base Conduct of the Scots- Charles II. proclaimed King— Marquis of Montrose— English Army, under Cromwell, enter Scotland — Charles II. arrives — The Clergy treat him with studied Indignities— Battle of Dunbar — City and Castle 'of Edinburgh taken by Cromwell, ■who incorporates England, Scotland, and Ireland, into one Commonwealth . . - . ■ Page 78

Chapter IV

Restoration— Re-establishment of Episcopacy- — Duplicity of Charles LI. — Severities of Government towards the Presbyterians — Insurrection — Defeat of the Insurgents, and their Resolution under their Sufferings — Various Measures of the Court— Archbishop Sharp— Perfidy of Charles's MinLlers— Extension of the Prerogative — Additional Severities of Administration — Treasonable and frantic Doctrines of the Covenanters — Murder of the Archbishop of St Andrews — Insurrection—Battle of Bothwell Bridge— Declaration of Sanquhar — Cargill, a Clergyman, excommunicates the King — Another Insurrection — Earl of Argyle — Apologetical Declaration — Rapacity of Lauderdale — Reflections on the foregoing Pe- CONTENTS. «x riod— Prices of Provision? from A. D. 1600 to 16S5 — Specimens of the King's College Table, Aberdeen — Specimens of the Table of the Earl of Haduington . Page 105

Chapter V

James VII. Mounts the Throne — Servility of the People and Parliament — Severities of Government — Tumults in Edinburgh upon the Landing of the Prince of Orange — Convention of Estates settle the Croxvn on William and Mary — The Presbyterian Religion is substituted in Room of Episcopacy — Rigours of the new Government — African Company — Accession of Queen Anne — Trial of Green the Pirate — The Union — Discontent of the People — Rebellion 1715 — Manneis — Table of the Prices of Provisions from 1685 to 1715 — Specimens of the Table of the Duchess of Buccleuch and Monmouth Page 135

Chapter VI

Fanatical Edicts of the Town-Council and Presbytery of Edinburgh — A great Fire in the City — Porttous's Mob, and its Consequences— Extreme Rigour of the Season — Rebellion 1745, and its Consequences , . . Page 155 BOOK SECOND.

Chapter I

Of the Progress and present State of the City x>f Edinburgh P. 179

Chapter II

Of Churches and Religious Houses in Edinburgh fallen into Decay — Church of St Mary in the Field, and Monastery of Black Friars — Monastery of Grey Friars — Chapel and Hospital of St Mary Magdalene — Private Oratory of Mary of Lorraine — Chapel of Holyrood, and Hospital of Maison Dieu — St Mary's Chapel — Chapel and Convent of CistertianNuns, and Hospitnl of the Virgin Mary — Hospital of our Lady Chapel of St Ninian— Si Thomas's Hospital — Chapels of St Mary, of St Roque, and St John the Baptist — Monastery of St Catharine of Sienna — Chapels of Knights Templars, of St Leonard and St Placentia — Monastery of the Holy. Cross, or Hclyroodhouss— Monastery of St Anthony, and Chapel and b X CONTENTS. Hermitage of St Anthony— Church of Restalrig— Monastery of Carmelite Friars, and Hospital of Greenside — Of the Leprosy, the Plague, the Small-pox, and the LuesVenerea P. 186

Chapter III

Of the present Religious Establishment of Edinburgh — Of St Giles's Church— The Old Church— The Tolbooth Church— Haddow's Hole Church— Trinity College Church— Old Grey Friars' Church— New Grey Friars' Church — The Burying Ground — Tron Church — Lady Yester's Church — Canongate Church — Church of St Cuthbert's— Chapel of Ease — Lady Glenorchy's Chapel — Earse Church — The English Chapel — Popish Chapel • . . . . Page 200

Chapter IV

Of the Public Buildings in Edinburgh — Of Edinburgh Castle — Of the Parliament House — The Advocates' Library— The Tolbooth — The Canongate Tolbooth — The Cross of Edinburgh- — The Town-guard House — The Weigh-house— The Palace of Holy roodhouse — The Royal Exchange — The Bridge and extended Royalty — The Register Office — The ., Physicians' Library— The Suburbs of Edinburgh — David Hume's Tomb „ • . . . Page 222 BOOK THIRD.

Chapter I

Of the Populousness of Edinburgh, and of its Supply and Consumption of Provisions . , . Page 253 '

Chapter II

Of Houses for the Reception and Entertainment of Strangers, and of the Amusements and Public Diversions of Edinburgh— Of the Royal Company of Archers — The Company of Golfers — The Society of Bowlers — The Company of Hunters — The Stage — The Concert — (See in Appendix No. VIII. A Dissertation on the Scottish Music, omitted to be referred-to in the Course of this Chapter)— The Assembly— Card Assembly — Comely Garden „ , „ Page CONTENTS. XI

Chapter III

Of the University of Edinburgh, and other Seminaries of Learn=> ing — The College Library— Observatory — Botanic Garden —High School — Academy for Drawing — Royal Academy- Academy of Deaf and Dumb — Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge— Philosophical Society— Medical Society — Speculative Society . . . Page 294

Chapter IV

Of the Art of Printing, and of Periodical Publications — Liter. ary property— Liberty of the Press— Medical and Philosophical Commentaries — Scots Magazine — Weekly Magazine— i — Edinburgh Courant— Caledonian MercUry— - Edinburgh Advertiser ..... Page 331 BOOK FOURTH.

Chapter I

Of Legislative and Judicative Assemblies, and of the Jurisdiction of the Magistrates of Edinburgh — Of the Parliament of Scotland — Convention of Royal Boroughs— Courts of Session- Justiciary — Exchequer — High Court of Admiralty — Commissary Court — Lyon, Sheriff, and Justice of Peace Courts — Criminal Court of Edinburgh — Bailie Court — Ten-mark Court — Dean of Guild Court . . . Page 35 i

Chapter II

Of the Military government, and Political Constitution of Edinburgh — Trained Bands— -Town-Guard— Town-Council— Contests between Merchants and Trades . Page 389

Chapter IV

Of Companies of Arts, Commerce, and Manufactures — Of the Fourteen Incorporations of Edinburgh— Royal College of Surgeons—Corporations of Goldsmiths — Skinners— Furriers—* CONTENTS. XII Hammermen — Wrights and Masons — Tailors— -Bakers- Butchers — Shoemakers — Weavers Waukers Bonnetma- kers Merchant Company — Bank of Scotland — Royal Bank — British L'nen Company — Friendly Insurance Office — Sun Fire Office— Liverpool Office — Post Office — Widows' Scheme Page 405

Chapter V

Of the Charitable Foundations in Edinburgh — Royal Infirmary — Edinburgh Dispensary — Charity Work-House— Canongate Charity Work-House — Orphan Hospital — Trinity Hospital— Merchant Maiden Hospital — Trades' Maiden Hospital — Heriot's Hospital— Watson's Hospital . . Page 423 BOOK FIFTH.

Chapter I

Of the Town of Leith— King's- Work — South Leith Church- Chapel of Ease— Episcopal Chapel — Harbour — Trade— Tonnage of Shipping — Imports and Exports — Manufactures- Ropes and Sail-cloth — Green Glass — Soap and Candles — Sugar — Broad Cloth — Linen Manufacture — Silk Gauze — Leather—Coaches, their Introduction and Manufacture — Sedan Chairs— Printing and Paper-making — Copper and Tin-plate Workers, and Blacksmiths — Manufacture of Bricks— Sal Ammoniac — Corporations of Leith — Police — North Leith Page 443 AUTHOR'S

APPENDIX.

. No. I. Excerpt from a Manuscript Play, in the Possession of David Garrick, Es^ .... Page 469 No. II. In qua perspici potest quot libræ, solidi, denarii Scotici numerales, ex una argenti libra ponderali variis temporibus essent excusi ; simulque pes illius monetæ, sive diversi sub diversis Regibus puritatis in ea gradus indieantur . . Page CONTENTS.. XIII No. III. Description of the Celebration of the Birth-day, during the Tide of Loyalty ... . Page 472 No. IV. Order of the Funeral of his Grace James Sharp, Lord Archbishop of St Andrews, and Primate of Scotland, as it was performed at St Andrews, on Saturday the 17th May 1679, the Procession moving from the Abbey to the Town Church P. 473 No. V. Order of the Funeral Procession of his Gr^ce John Duke of Kolhes, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, as it was performed on the 23d of August 16S1 . , . .

Page 475 No. VI. Order of Procession in riding of the Scottish Parliament, as performed at Edinburgh upon the 6th of May 1703, with the Number of those who went, or should have gone in Procession . . . . Page 479 No. VII. Table of the Fiars of the County of Edinburgh, from A. D. 1645 to 1777, inclusive . . Page 481 No. VIII. A Dissertation on the Scottish Music . . Page 486 No. IX. Accusatio super Roberto Domino Lile per rotulos, ut sequitur P. 500 No. X. The order observed at the Coronation of Sir Alexander Areskine of Cambo, Baronet, Lord Lyon King of Arms, at the Royal Palace of Holyrood-house, on the 27th day of July 1681. His Royal Highness. James Duke of "Albany and York being his Majesty's High Cvmmis&ionqr . . . Page contents. No. XI. Order of the Procession at the Funeral of the Right Honourable Alexander Kincaid, Esq. Lord Provost of the City of Edinburgh . ...

Page 504 No. XII. Ane quit forslauchter in his a win Defence maid 1514 Page 506 No. XIII. Letters from Theophrastus . i . . 501 SKETCH . Of the Improvements of the City of Edinburgh from 1780 to 1816. Page Gillespie's Hospital . ;, . 52g George's Square ... , ib. New College of Edinburgh . . , 529 South Bridge . . , .531 Bank of Scotland . , , , 532 Parliament Square . . . m 533 Description of the Writers to the Signet's Library . ib. Advocates' Library .... 535 County Hall . . . .536 Exchequer Cb.am.bers . i . ib. CONTENTS. XV Page Commercial Bank . . " 537 Free-Masons' Hall . . , ib. Glassite Chapel . . . ib. Old Burgher Meeting . . . ib# Chapels of Ease . '. ib. Queensberry House ... . 538 Olympic Circus . . .ib. Earthen Mound . . . • . ib. New Roads, &c. . . . ■- 539 New Churches and Chapels, Ne'w Town.

St Andrew's Church .... 540 St George's Church, Charlotte Square „ . ib. Burgher and Relief Chapels, New Town . 541 Independent Chapel, Albion Row . . ib. Baptist Chapel, Elder Street . . . ib. Episcopal Church, York Place , . 541 Bishop Sandford's Church, Princes Street . . 542 St George's Chapel, York Place . , ib. Catholic Chapel , ib. Physicians' Hall „ . . 543 Assembly Rooms . . » ib. Corri's Rooms '. . . ib. Nelson's Monument . , . ib. Bridewell . ... 544 The New Jail Erecting on the Calton Hill . . 54b Grand Masonic Procession, at laying the Foundation of the Regent's Bridge, and New Jail ... ib. New Edinburgh . . 54T Butcher, Fish, Poultry, and Vegetable Markets , , 648 Literary Societies. Royal Society of Edinburgh ■ . * 548 Society of Scottish Antiquaries . 550 Royal Physical Society , . 551 Wernerian Society . «- • ib.

Horticultural Society . «, ib Astronomical Institution • • 552, Highland Society . ; , p ib. CONTENTS. XVI Page Benevolent Institutions. Society for the Sons of the Clergy . . . 553 Edinburgh Institution for the Deaf and Dumb . ib. Asylum for the Industrious Blind . . 555 Society for Suppression of Begging . . . ib. Magdalene Asylum . . 556 Repository, and House of Industry . . . 557 New Town Dispensary, 3, King Street, St James' Square ib. Society for Promoting Religious Knowledge among the Poor 558 Edinburgh Missionary Society ... 559 Edinburgh Bible Society . . . ib. Scottish Bible Society . . .ib. Gaelic School Society . . . 560 Gratis Sabbath School Society ... ib. Lancastrian Schools .... ib. Religious Tract Society . , , 561 African and Asiatic Society . . , - jb. Beneficent Society of Edinburgh . .ib.

Society for the Relief of the Destitute Sick . . 562 Police . . '. ■ , 553 Periodical Publications. • ib. Printing • • . . 564 Printing from Stone . , [ cgg Public Circulating Libraries . , 56-j General Newspaper and Advertising Office . , ib. HoteU ' • _ . . 568 List of Coaches from No. 1. Catharine Street . 568 List of Coaches from No. 10. Prince'sstreet , 559 Stage Coaches , -u Churches of the Established Religion . , 570 Alphabetical List of Dissenting Meeting Houses and Chapels 571 Funeral Processiotis. Funeral of Dr Adam, Rector of the High School Edinburgh 572 Order of Procession at the Funeral of the Right Honourable William Coulter, Lord Provost of the City of Edinburgh . 573 Funeral of the late Lord President Blait . 576 Leith Walk . s'&\ y^\ Leith, (improvements in) { 1SL A? es } THE HISTORY OF EDINBURGH.

BOOK FIRST. CHAP. I. ORIGIN of Edinburgh — Edinburgh Castle — Battle ofthe Borouglimifir — Castle rebuilt ; retaken by Stratagem — Intrigues concerning the Person of James II. — Murder of the Earl of Douglas Generous conduct ofthe Citizens to Henry VI. of England — They become Surety to repay the Dowry given by Edward IV. in con* temptation of his Daughters Marriage with Ike Prince of Scotland ; literate James III. from Imprisonment ; and accompany his Successor lo the Battle of b lowden — Quarrels among ihe Nobles- Citizens offer to furnish men against the English — Rise and Pro gress of the Reformation— War with England— City plundered and burnt-— John Knox— The Congregation— Severities against Papists and Fornicators — Queen Mary insulted— A Minister of Edinburgh Protests against ker Marriage with Bothwell— She is brought Captive to Edinburgh — Castle besieged and taken — Earl of Morton — Violence of the Clergy, and their Influence — Fly from Edinburgh, but return — King effectuates a Reconciliation among the Nobles — New Quarrels between the King and Clergy, who ex cite the People to Tumult — The King Assaulted — Escapes and de parts from Edinburgh — Measures of Ike Clergy — King returns — City convicted of High Treason, but restored— The King departs for England. fl^HE Origin of Nations, of Cities, and of Families, is com- -■■ monly enveloped in obscurity.

Fable is called to assist vanity ; and the memory of their real foundations being lost, it affects to deduce their origin from remote antiquity. But, if they have sprung up in rude ages, when the use of letters was unknown, and far less public archives were established, their primary institution will be shaded with a deep mist, through which tradition, etymology, and conjecture, can dart but a faint and uncertain glimmering. To these disadvantages a variety of circumstances may be added, which have tended to involve the History of Edinburgh, during its early periods, in" peculiar obscurity. Situated in one ofthe six Roman provinces established in this island, named A IHE HISTORY

Book I

Valentia *+, and in the Pictish J territories, which were finally conquered from them by the Scots under Kenneth II. ||, it was the scene of perpetual incursions, devastations, and bloodshed: Still more so in the wars between the Scots and English, the latter of whom, under the auspices of Edward I. § with mali cious policy, destroyed all the public records of this country. The traces of its history, therefore, in thc*e remote periods, must be faint and uncertain ; and, to investigate them, a mat ter rather curious than important. The most ancient name that we find applied to Edinburgh Castle is Casielh Mynyd Agned f , importing, in the language ofthe ancient Britons, ' the Fortress of the Hill of Agnes ;' and the hill itself, Mynyd Agned Cathre-gonion, i. e. ' the hill Agned nigh the Fortress."

From this it may be plainly in ferred, either that Edinburgh Castle was built during the Christian sera ; or, if previous to it, that its ancient name was resigned, and a new one adopted in honour of St Agnes. In an after age, the Castle was distinguished by the appellation of Castrum Puellarum **, because the daughters of the Pictish kings and chiefs were educated and kept till their mar riage in that place of strength, a necessary safeguard in such barbarous times, and the town obtained the name of Edinburgh. Various etymologies of the name have been given, some of them absurd, and most of them unsatisfactory. It is said to have derived its name from Eth ff, a king of the Picts ; but that such a person ever existed, is uncertain. Others %X have attributed the name to Edwin, a Saxon Prince of Northum bria, who began his reign |||| A. D. 617, and over-ran great part of the Pictish territories ; and others have derived its name from two Gaelic words, Hun Edin §§, signifying « the face of a hill.' To which, or whether to any of these etymo logies its name should be attributed, we will not determine : but it appears evident that Edinburgh Castle cannot boast an origin from much more remote antiquity, as the celebrated • The province of Valentia comprehended the space lying within the wall of Hadrian on the south, erected between Newcartle and Carlisle, and that of Antoninus on the north, erected between Camden on the Forth, precisely in the middle between Borrowstowness and Blackness Castle, and iDunglass on the river Clyde.

Whitaker, v. 1. p. SS. and 63. Scott's Hist, of Scotland, p. 37, and 41. Horseley's Britannia Komana, p. SO, and 51, and o. 158, fie. 1. p. 176,% I. b f Whitaker's Hist, of Manchester, vol. 1. p. 63. vol. ?. p. 54. J Bœtius, lib. 1. sol. 12. || Fordim'i Scoti-chronicon, lib. 'J. cap. 4. § Hume's Hist, of England, vol. 2. p. 293. Robertson's Hist, -of Scotland, v. i.p. 4. % Bœtius, lib. 1. 1. 12. Leslie de reb. gest. Scot. lib. 2. t. 84. Whitaker, vol 2. p. 54. •• Fordun, lib. 5. c. 26. Bœtius, lib. 1. F. 1 2. -ff Bœtius, ut supr». iX Maitland, lib. 1, p. 6. |||| Whitaker, v. 2. p. 83, and 94. §§ Buchanuani Hist. Scot. lib. 6, § 2. EDINBURGH. 3 Arthur * King of the Britons fought a battle ©n its present site in the end ofthe fifth century. The first historical fact which is preserved concerning this Nov 16 fortress is, that Queen Margarets, the widow of 1 093 ' •^a'co'm Canmore, died in the Castle, a few days after her husband was slain : tljat Donald Bane, uncle to Malcolm's children, having usurped the throne, besieged the Castle, in which the heir to the crown resided.

The Usurper presuming, J from the steepness of the rock, that Malcolm's children could escape only at the gates, ordered them alone to be guarded. But those in the garrison knowing this, conveyed the body of the Queen through a postern gate on the west side ofthe Castle, to the Church of Dunfermline, where it lies interred : and the children escaped to England, where they were protected and educated by their uncle Edgar Atheling, But the first distinct traces that are to be found concerning .the City of Edinburgh, are contained in a charter || granted by David I. in 1128, in favour of certain canons regular, for whom he founded the Abbey of Holyrood-house. From this charter, it appears, that, previous to its date, Edinburgh had been erected into a royal borough, as it is there styled, Burgo meo de Edwinsburg.

It appears further, that Edinburgh had, by this time, been -a pla,ce of some consideration, as forty shillings yearly were payable to this church out of the revenues arising to the j&ing from his borough of Edinburgh ; and forty-eight shillings more c?ut of the same, upon failure of certain duties payable to it? from the King's revenues, arising from the duties on shipping at the town of Perth: As also, from the grant therein made to them, of " one half of the tal- " low, .lard, and hides of the beasts killed in Edinburgh." By the extensive grants in this charter to the canons of this abbey, they got liberty to erect a borough § between the church of Holyrood-house and the town of Edinburgh ; and a jurisdiction was granted them, with powers of trial by duel, and by jfire and water ordeal. It alpo appears that the parish church of St Cuthbert's had, previous to this, been erected with con siderable endowments ; particularly, the tithes pf several fisheries ; that there were two chapels belonging to this church, viz. those of Corstorphin and Libbertoun ; and that this chapel of Libber toun had been instituted before the usurpation of • Whitaker, v. 2. p. 54. and 58. f Fordun, lib. 5. c. 26. i Dairy mple's Annals, p. 25. || City Cartulary of Edinburgh, vol. 4. box 6. bundle 1.

No. 1: § Maitland, an lib. 2. p. 146. has mistaken the barbarous phrase in this char ter, Herbergare quoddara burgura, for the proper name ofthe Canongate ; but, Vi the uncouth phraseology ofthe times, it signified ' to inhabit a certain borough;' Dairy mple's annals, p. p 7. THE HISTORY BOOK T. 4 Macbeth, whose donations in its favour are confirmed in this charter. At this time Edinburgh Castle was surrendered to the English, on an occasion the most disgraceful that occurs in Scottish annals. King William I. known by the appellation of William the Lion, having in vain solicited *, from Henry IIof England, restitution of part of Northum berland, which was with-held from him, made hostile incursions into the English territories, and was taken prisoner in the neighbourhood of Alnwick f. The Scots, impatient at the captivity of the King, purchased his freedom, by surren dering the independency % ofthe nation ||.

Many hostages, and some ofthe chief garrisons in Scotland, and among these the Castle of Edinburgh, were delivered as pledges for the performance of this dishonourable treaty. But, upon William's marriage with Edmengarde, cousin to King Henry, Edin burgh Castle was restored and given in Dower to the Queen. In the reign of Alexander II. § the Son and successor of William, Edinburgh was distinguished, by the Parliament ha _„. ving, f°r the first time, been held in this city ; and also, by a Provincial Synod f having been held in it by Car dinal l'Aleran, legate from Pope Gregory IX. His Son, A . _,q lexander III. was betrothed ** to the daughter of Henry III of England ; and the young Queen had Edin burgh Castle appointed for her residence- But she was by no -p, '_ means satisfied with heriot.

She complained that * she was confined to the Castle of Edinburgh, a sad « and solitary place, without verdure ; and that she was ex c eluded from all conjugal intercourse with her husband, who * had. by this time, completed his fourteenth year.' Upon the death of the Maid ft of Norway, grandchild to 1290 Alexander III. the contested succession to the crown, by Bruce and Balliol, opened to Edward I. an op portunity of advancing his claim to the superiority of Scot land. A claim founded on injustice, and prosecuted with cru elty, and which involved Scotland in calamities still felt, by the obscurity thrown upon its annals by the barbarous rava ges and malicious policy of Edward. In the course of his wars, which terminated in the submission of Scotland}:):, Edin- * Dalrymple's annals, p. lia f Ibid. p. 114.

Fordun, lib. 8. c. 22. X Dalrymple's annals, p. 117, and]30; Fordun, lib. 8c. 24; Leland's Col lectanea, lib. 2. p. 533. || King Richard I restored Scotland to its independency Anno Dom. 1186, for 10,000 merks Sterling; Dalrymple's annals, p. 131, 133. § Fordun, lib. 9. c. 27. *] Dalrymple's annals, p. 155. •• Dalrymple's annals, p 163. and 166. -\f Dalrymple's annals, p. 1.-5. and 199 ; Hume's History, vol. 2. p. 254. +% Dalrymple's annals, p. 240; Hume's history, vol. 2. p. 292. EDINBBHOII. 5 1296. burgh Castle was besieged and taken. It remained in 1313 Possess'on of the English for twenty years, and was then recovered by Sir Thomas Randolph *, Earl of Moray, afterwards Governor of Scotland in the minority of David II. King Robert ordered Edinburgh Castle to be de molished ; and he did the same to the other fortresses which he recovered from the English, lest they should again become receptacles for their protection, upon their future incursions into this country.