History of the County of Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, with biographical sketches of many of its ... prominent men. Edited by G. D. Albert. Illustrated

Preface

. The rapidity in which these sheets (equivalent to some four thousand manuscript folios) passed through the press and the hands of the editor precluded that careful and close scrutiny which an ordinary work is in all justice entitled to receive, and this by a proof-reader not per plexed with other business affairs. As a consequence there are some typographical errors and perhaps a few inadvertencies, some of which are apparent to us on a final scrutiny. One mis statement which crept into the body of the work from a broken copy, but which was printed in only a very few of the first of the impressions of this edition before we noticed it, we desire to correct. In that part of the ecclesiastical history in which the history of the Roman Catholic Church is given it is said that the Right Rev. Abbott Wimmer was the first prelate to enter the council hall at the Council of the Vatican, etc., when it should be, as it was intended, he was with those prelates, etc.

The copy was here wrongly read ; hence a discrepancy which we desire to explain. We make this explanation of the correction not with the mere object of righting the misstatement, but from a sense of duty, fully appreciating that no one would be more sensitive to an undue and equivocal exaltation than that right reverened prelate himself. For minor inaccuracies (such as no book is free from) — other than misstatements — we do not apologize nor ask for excuses. We believe the body of the work to be essentially free from mistakes in regard to dates and positive averments. Where dates appear that confuse or create doubt, they are found to be verified or corrected in other portions of the history, and that either by corroborating statements or manifest implication. In giving copies of old documents and of records they are given literally as they exist, and have not been altered in form or phraseology only where it was proper to do so. G. D. A. June 17, 1882. CONTENTS.

Chapter I

to the Ohio — Grant arrives at the Hill overlooking Fort Duquesne— Is Surrounded and Defeated — Capt. Bullet carries the Remains of the Command hack to the Stockade of Ligonier — The French and Indiana fill the Woods ahout Ligonier, and with their united forces attack Bouquet — The Battle lasts nearly all Day, when the Enemy flee off through the Woods — The whole Army under Forbes at Ligonier — He proposes to advance towards Fort Duquesne — Washington leads the way, and cuts the Old Military or Forbes1 Road — Duquesne de serted by the Freuch, and first occupied by the British and Ameri- Introductory — Early Provincial History. Prefatory — Necessity of Preserving the Facts of Local History — Chief Sources of Local History — Written Accounts and Traditions — Penn's Grant — His Policy — Success of His Colony — Alexander Spottswood, Governor of Virginia, wants the British Government to make a Line of Forts along the Western Rivers — The French in Canada — Their Policy towards the Indians — Alienation of the Indians from the English — Indians of Western Pennsylvania confined to their Reservations on the Ohio — The Ohio Company — Rivalry between the Governments of Pennsylvania acfli Virginia respecting the Indian Trade 13 cans— Fort Pitt erected 28

CHAPTER VI.

First Settlements in Westmoreland — Battle of Bushy

Chapter II

Run, 1763. The French Occupancy of Fort Duquesne.

Settlers come into Ligonier Valley, about Fort Pitt, and along the Old Military Road — Their Isolated Situations, their Squalid Huts, Potato Patches, and First Clearings — Condition of Indian Affairs at the Peace between England and France, 17G2 aud 1763 — Pontiac — Fort Ligonier made a General Depot— Officers Commandant at Fort Ligonier — The Great Uprising of the Northwestern Tribes — Fort Pitt and Fort Ligonier surrounded and cut off from connection with the East — Capt. Ourry and his Men from Bedford come to the relief of Ligonier and hold the Fort — Bouquet marches from the East to the relief of Fort Ligonier and Fort Pitt — The Force with him — Bouquet finds the Frontier overrun and the Inhabitants utterly destitute — He reaches Fort Ligonier (1763) — He strengthens the Post, and with his Small Army and a Convoy of Pack-Horses proceeds towards Fort Pitt — He is attacked hy the Indians under Kyashuta, the Chief of the Senecas, and fights the Battle, of Bushy Run — He Defeats and Scatters his Enemy in the most successful Engagement fought with the Hostiles, and carries his Forces and Provisions into Fort Pitt 32 Conrad Weiser and George Crogan — Weiser's Report on the Tribes about the Ohio — Their Numbers and their Disposition — King Shingass and Queen Alliquippi — Gist's Settlement — George Washington sent by the Governor of Virginia to the Indian Tribes — His First Journey, and the Information he Acquired — The Ohio Company cuts Roads, makes Settlements, erects a Store-House and Fort at Redstone, and tak es possession of the Forks of the Ohio River — Its Soldiers and Men are driven away by the French, who erect Fort Duquesne — The Governor of Virginia reinforces Washington, who retires to the Great Meadows, and Fights his First Battle at Fort Necessity — Braddock's Campaign projected 17

Chapter III

Braddock's Expedition. Braddock's Forces at Fort Cumberland — He comes up the Ohio Company's Road, piloted by Washington — Opens the Road to the Ydngbiogheny, and through our part of Westmoreland to the Monongahela ; after crossing which River the Army, in a Defile on the South Bank above Turtle Creek, is Surprised by the French Canadians and Indians from the Fort — The Number of the Enemy aud their Leaders — The Virginians cover the Retreat of the British — Washington carries off the Army — The Route, Courses, and Distances of the March — How the Trail may he found at this Day — Effect of Braddock's Defeat on the Pennsylvania Colonists — The Battle-Ground visited by Soldiers under Forbes Three Years after the Battle — The Appearance of the Field 20

CHAPTER VII.

Settlement from 1759 to 1769. Misunderstood Boundaries of the Treaty of 1754 (Albany) — Purchase of 1758 and Boundaries thereunder — British Officers give Permits to Settlers after Forbes' Campaign — Pennsylvania will not give Title to Settlers, but passes Laws to keep Settlersoff this Territory — Virginia induces Settlers to migrate hither and locate — The Boundary Line between Pennsylvania and Virginia not definitely known — Settlers come into the Country after Pontiac's war (1764)— They locate at Redstone, on the Youghiogheny, at the Forks of that River, and about Pittsburgh, Ligonier, and along the Great Roads — Mason and Dixon's Line run — Proclamation of the Governor of Pennsylvania warning these Settlers oft— Rev. John Steele sent to them to explain the Law and request them to remove — They refuse to remove — The "New Purchase," under Treaty of Fort Stanwix, of 176S — List of the Earliest Settlements made in Western Pennsylvania to this date (17GS) — Clamoring of Emigrants and New Settlers to have Lands granted them by the Province — Special Land Titles— Penn's Manorial Reservations — The Divesting Act — Preliminaries to the opening of the Land Office — Public Notice of the opening given — Laud Office opened for Applications in the New Purchase, April 3, 1769 36

Chapter IV

Armstrong's Expedition, 1750 — Bouquet at Ligonier, 1758. The Country overrun by Indians and French after Braddock's Defeat — Settlers flee to the East of the Mountains — Forts and Block-Houses on the Pennsylvania Frontier — Col. John Armstrong's Expedition in 1756 against the Kittanning Town — The Town taken and destroyed, and Capt. Jacobs reported killed — The Tramping-Ground of these Warriors — The French aud Indian War carried on under William Pitt — John Forbes commands the New Expedition from Philadelphia against Fort Duquesne — His command — Col. Bouquet brings tbe Vanguard of the Army across Laurel Hill to the Loyalhanna, where he erects a Stockade, and awaits on the rest of the Army under Washington and Forbes, who were to unite at Raystown, or Bedford 25

CHAPTER VIII.

Predominant Nationalities of the Settlers.

Chapter V

"New Purchase" in Cumberland County Territory — The Penns appoint Justices of the Peace for that part of Cumberland County west of Laurel Hill — No evidence of any Authority being exercised by these Magistrates — Bedford County created — Township Divisions of that part of Bedford County which later became Westmoreland — Tax-Rolls for Bedford County— Number of Landholders and of Tenants returned Forbes' Expedition, 175S. Maj. Grant is sent out from Fort Ligonier to reconnoitre about Fort Duquesne — Number of Men uuder Grant, and their Route — Their Encampment on the Nine-Mile Run — Their Trail the first Road of the English-speaking People through Westmoreland from Laurel Hill CONTENTS. the Indians regarded Western Virginia-John Connolly— He takes possession of Fort Pitt— Issues a Proclamation— Apprehended by St. Clair, and committed to Jail at Hannastown— He returns to Pittsburgh —Is opposed by Penn's Magistrates— He returns with Authority from Dunmore, and appears with Simon Girty and a Rabble at Hannastown —Refuses to allow the Justices to hold Court— The Justices persist, and hold Court to preserve order till the Lines are adjusted 63 — The Southwestern Boundary of Bedford County — No Actual Juris diction of Bedford County Government tolerated by the Settlers- First Courts of Bedford — Those in the first Commission — Number of Applications at the opening of the Land Office in 1769 — Prominent Men who took up Land at that date — Different Nationalities of the Set tlers : Scotch-Irish, Germans, French Huguenots, EngliBh-Americans — Localities of their Settlements — Predominant Nationality of Penn sylvania Settlers before the Revolution — Immigration of the Scotch- Irish, particularly that of 1771-73 — Their Nativity, and account of their Denization in the North of Ireland — Their Distinct Character istics — How they were held by Friends and by Defamers — They and the- Dutch, bad neighbors — Their Influence in Public Affairs in Western Pennsylvania, and reference therein to the Whiskey Insurrection. 42

CHAPTER XIV.

Connolly's Usurpations, Indian Alarms, Etc. The Pennsylvania Justices further resist Connolly's Usurpation— He sends Three of them in Irons into Virginia— They are released by Dunmore— Commissioners appointed by the Council to visit the House of Burgesses of Virginia— Evil Summer of 1774 — Petitions from Early Inhabitants of Westmoreland to Governor Penn— Meeting held at Pittsburgh— The Association first formed— Devereux Smith's Letter to Dr. William Smith— Some acts of Connolly recited — Dunmore opens Offices for the Sale of Land in Pennsylvania Territory— He issues a Proclamation to the People— St. Clair superintends the Military Arrangements — Forts repaired, and list of new ones erected — Rangers organized aud posted at various Points — Alarm of the Inhabitants — Many Settlers croBS back over the Mountains — They are urged to remain by St. Clair and Others — People of Ligonier Valley gather near the Fort in fear of the Indians crossing the Ohio — Number and Lists of the Signers of the Petitions to Governor Penn — Hempfield Dutch and Pittsburgh Irish 66

CHAPTER IX.

Customs, Morals, and Manners prior to the Erection of the County. The German Settlers— Whence they Emigrated— In what they Differed from the Scotch -Irish— Their Manners, Habits, etc. — Their Belief in the Supernatural — The Mennonists — Peculiarities of their Religious Belief—Relation of these First Settlers to the Civil Law and Procedure in Courts — The Customs and Laws which they Formulated — Effect of their Religious Belief on their Civil Society — Peculiarity of their Morals blended with their Manners — Southern Portion of the County being rapidly filled up compared with the Northern Portion — Terms of Virginia Titles and terms of Penn's Titles — First Settlements north of the Conemaugh — Early Pittsburgh— Fort Pitt abandoned— Early Efforts of the Settlers to erect a New County after opening of the Pennsylvania Land Office— Bedford County erected 47

CHAPTER XV.

Dunmore's War. Dunmore's War begun by the Murder of some Friendly Indians, especially Logan's Family — Virginian Army organized — Dunmore at Pittsburgh with Connolly — Great Gathering and Organization of the Indian Tribes — The Campaign of 1774 — The Hopes of our People in Col. Lewis — Dunmore and Connolly want to see the Army defeated and the Indians on the Frontiers — Lewis gains the Battle of Point Pleasant — Dunmore's Treaty — Indictment : The People vs. Dunmore— Dunmore through Connolly still tyrannizes over the Pennsylvania Settlers, many of whom talk of leaving their Clearings — Condition of the People in 1775 — Leaders in Westmoreland in 1775 — The Military Spirit 70

CHAPTER X.

Westmoreland County Organized — Courts Established, etc. Justices for Bedford County exercise jurisdiction over the Westmoreland part of the County — Great Distance to the County-Seat — St. Clair as Penn's Agent — Petitions for a New County — Westmoreland County erected by Act of Assembly and organized — Courts authorized aod Officers named — List of the County Justices in the first Commission — The first Court — County divided into Townships — The first Grand Jury — Constables and Supervisors appointed and Inn-keepers licensed — The County Offices and Officers— St. Clair the first Prothonotary, etc., and James Brison his Clerk — Huffnagle, St. Clair's Successor, secretes the Records of the County — John Proctor the first Sheriff — Officers returned — Election Districts 51

CHAPTER XVI.

Westmoreland's Declaration of Independence, 1775.

CHAPTER XI.

Congress and Ticonderoga — Westmoreland listening to the Guns at Lexington Common — Meeting held at Pittsburgh and at Hannastown, First Jail — Early Punishments — Slavery in 1781. May 16, 1775— What they said at Pittsburgh— What they did at Han- Erection of tbe Jail at Hanna's— The Pillory— The Whipping-Post— The Stocks — The First Indictment in the Quarter Sessions— James Brigland and Luke Picket whipped at the Post — Vestiges of English Judicial Process — Elizabeth Smith whipped at the Post and sentenced to Two Years at Hard Labor with an Inhuman Master for Larceny — Flexible Consciences — Slavery and Servitude in the Old Westmoreland — Bill of Sale for a Negro Woman Slave— Extent of Slavery in the County in 1781 — Reference to the List of Slaves made out in Pursuance of an Act of Assembly 57 nastown— Westmoreland's Declaration of Independence — Spirit of the Resolutions Adopted — who wrote them — Similarity between the Declaration and the Resolutions in Expression and in Sentiment The Military idea of Resistance — Observations and Remarks on the Paper —Westmoreland's Great Glory — The Regiment of Associators.... 73

CHAPTER XVII.

The Affairs of Westmoreland on the Eve of the Revo- LUTION.

CHAPTER XII.

Public Affairs— Connolly aud Dunniore still Scheming— Connolly tries to carry the Pennsylvania and Virginia Officers for the King— His Plan to effect this, and to hold the West for Dunmore— Exeunt Omnes —Boston Harbor closed— Call for a Meeting at the State-House, July IS, 1774^Hauna and Cavett as Deputies— William Thompson o'n the Committee of Safety— The Associators— Edward Cook and James Perry Delegates to the Convention of 1776— Special Law allowing Westmoreland Electors to vote for Members of the Convention— The County divided into Two Districts for this Election— One District North and one South of the Youghiogheny— Their Election Officers —Members returned to the Convention of 1776— All Male Inhabitants subject to Military Service, and required to take the Oath of Allegiance—Frame of Government for the State adopted— John Proctor elected first Councilor— Archibald Lochry, the first County Lieutenant, succeeded by Cook and by Col. Campbell— Duties of the County Lieutenant— The West to take care of Itself— British Influence over the IndiaiiB— Hatred between the Indians and the Western Virginia Settlers Old Hannastown, the County-Seat.

Trustees appointed to locate a County-Seat — Robert Hanna's Settlement — They fix on Hanna's Town — Difference of Opinion as to the expediency of locating the County-Seat there — Description of the Old Town — Opposition to its Location by the People of Pittsburgh — Correspondence on the Subject — Reports of the Trustees — Various Acts of Assembly relative thereto — Troubles at the Place in 1774-75.... 61

CHAPTER XIII.

The Border Troubles of 1774 Begin. Virginia claims part of the Territory of Pennsylvania — Dunmore occupies Fort Pitt — The Claims of Virginia and Pennsylvania summarized — Virginia Colonists willing to fight for the Demands of Virginia — Lord Dunmore, Governorof Virginia — England's Colonial Policy — Virginia's relation to tho Ministry— Charges against Dunmore— His Character— Real Causes of Dunmore's or Cressap's War of 1774: — How CONTENTS 7

CHAPTER XVIII.

Shippen, at Capt. Proctor's — Fort Allen — Rugh's Block-House — Kep ple's Block-House — Miller's Block-House and Station — Palmer's Block- House — Williams' Fort — Fort Waltour— Fort Wallace — Carnahan*s Block-House — Barr's Block-House — Shields* Block-House — Miller's Fort on the Sewickley — McDowell's Block-House — Teague Island Fort — Incidents — The Francis Family killed near Wal tour's — Attack on Waltour's Fort and death of the Old Man Waltour — The wounded Indian who killed Waltour comes to Fort Pitt — Has his wound dressed — Confesses that he Bhot Waltour — A Company from about Brush Creek go to the Garrison and demand him, that they may punish him themselves — He is given up to them— He is taken back to Waltour's Fort to be burned at the stake — While they are hunting up a Sheriff and a Jury to hold a mock trial the Indian escapes — He is followed Ninety Miles, and when last heard of had taken to the Allegheny River — Finley's adventure at Fort Wallace 102 Westmoreland in the Revolution.

First Battalion directed to be raised in Pennsylvania for the United Colonies — Capt. John Nelson's Company from Westmoreland — Ordered to Canada — Services of this Company — Second Pennsylvania Battalion under St. Clair— Capt. William Butler's Company, and Capt. Stephen Bayard's Company— History of the Services of this Battalion in the Expedition into Canada, and in the Retreat to Ticonderoga— The Third Pennsylvania Regiment formed out of Saint Clair's Battalion — Memorial of the Officers of the Third and Ninth Pennsylvania Regiments — Sketch of Capt. James Chrystie, and of Thomas Butler — Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment — ItB History — Capt. Joseph Erwin's Company — Their Gallant Services at Long Island — The Company Incorporated into other Commands — State Regiment of Foot — Capt. Carnahan — Capt. Scott's Company — The Second Pennsylvania Regiment — Condition of the Western Frontiers at the Beginning of the Revolution — George Morgan, Indian Agent at Fort Pitt — Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment raised by Authority of Congress — Directed to be raised in Westmoreland and Bedford Counties — Seven Companies raised in Westmoreland — Its Officers — Mustered into Service for the Defense of the Frontiers — They receive Orders from the Board of War to join Washington — Letter from Col. Mackay to President of the Board — Letter from Lieut-Col. George Wilson to Col. James Wilson — They set out for New JerBey — Their Terrible March — Their Condition on their Arrival at Headquarters — Hon. T. Pickering's Mention of their Distressful Condition — Change in the Officers -'of the Regiment — Return of June, 1777 — Different Returns of 1777 — Engagements of the Regiment — Their Losses and Casualties — Valley Forge — Regiment ordered to Pittsburgh in 1778 — Col. Brodhead, with the Regiment, makes a detour up the West Branch — Remains of the Regiment stationed at Pittsburgh — Extracts from the Order-Book of the Regiment — Morgan's Rifle Regiment — Character and Object of the Organization — Its Officers— Their Services at Saratoga — Col. Richard Butler second in command — Capt. Van Swearingen — First Lieut. Basil Prather — Second Lieut. John Hardin — Anecdote of Van Swearingen — His Subsequent Career — Stony Point — Its Position and Importance — Washington determines to Capture it if possible — Confers with Gen. Wayne — Col. Richard Butler commands one of the Detachments who are detailed for this Service — They carry the Fort at the Point of the Bayonet — Arthur St. Clair's first Services in the Revolution — Biographical Sketches of Col. Æneas Mackay — Of Col. Stephen Bayard— Of Lieut.- Col. George Wilson— Of Col. Daniel Brodhead— The Fighting Butlers: Thomas, Sr., Richard, William, Thomas, Jr., Percival— Other Members of the Butler Family— Anecdotes— Col. JameB Smith— Col. John Gibson 81

CHAPTER XXI.

Forays and Adventures. During the Early Part of the Revolutionary War — The Volunteers — Col. James Smith takes a Detachment up the Allegheny to French Creek or Venango — His Arrangement of the Men while on the March and in their Encampments — His Plan of Fighting the Indians — Brodhead's Expedition to Conewago and Brokenstraw — He cuts off a Party of Forty Indians on their way to the Westmoreland Settlements — Notice of Fort Armstrong, Kittanning — Brodhead sends Capt. Brady into the Seneca Country — Trouble between the Continental Officers and the Militia Officers — Ranging Companies formed during the War by Direction of the State Officials — They are Stationed along the Rivers — Their Officers — Their Manner of Fighting — The Heroic Women of Early Westmoreland : Experience Bozarth, Massy Harbison, Mrs. Margaret Oliver, Mrs. Matthew Jack 107

CHAPTER XXII.

Lower Ligonier Valley during the Revolution. Ligonier Valley a Favorite Ground for the Indians, and the First Stopping-Place of the Whites — Privations of the Early Settlers along the Four-Mile Run, Mill Creek, the Old Road, and Indian Creek — Murder of the Campbell Family, and Captivity of Robert Campbell (with curious anecdotes) — He is sold to a British Officer — He is exchanged — Killing of the Old Man Harman and three of his Neighbors — James Flack taken Prisoner — Escapes from Montreal, and comes through the Wilderness by means of a Compass— Charles Clifford taken by Indians in Ambush — His Account of the Manners, Habits, and Ways of Living of the Northern Indians — His Master cures him of a Hurt Foot — Peter Maharg taken by the Same Party — Is made to Run the Gauutlet — Clifford taken to Montreal — Is Exchanged after having been with the Indians nearly Three Years — Cotnes to the Valley, and Dies at Home — James Clifford and his two Dogs, " Whig" and " Tory" — His adveuture with the Indian, whom he shoots — Indians lying in wait attack a Party of Five who go to the Fields back of the Fort — They kill Miss Meaus, Young Means, and Young Reed — Col. Mc- Dowell escapes with Miss Reedou his Horse into the Fort — The Bodies of the OtherB buried by the People of the Fort Ill

CHAPTER XIX.

Border Warfare and Civil Dissensions. Indians in 1776 and 1777— Effect of Savage Warfare on the Whites- White Renegades and Deserters: Girty, McKee, Elliott— Depravity of some Whites on the Frontier— Murder of Cornstalk — List of Commandauts at Fort Pitt— Mclntosh's Expedition from Fort Pitt to Beaver— Brodhead's Expedition to Conewago— Other Expeditions from Western Pennsylvania and the West — Clark's Western Expedition and hia Westmorelanders — Dates of these Noted Expeditions — Nature of the Indian Warfare in the West— Border Settlement of Westmoreland most Exposed— The County during tbe Troublous Times divided, one part North and one part South of the Youghiogheny — People along the Youghiogheny acknowledge no Law — Virginia establishes three Counties in Southwestern Pennsylvania — j Boundaries and County-seats of Monongalia, Ohio, and Yohogania I Counties — Extracts from Yohogania County Records— Their first Elec- I tion — Primitive Court-House and Jail — Curious Fines and Sentences — j When their Jurisdiction ended — Boundaries run and Difficulties settled — Mason and Dixon's Line — Limits of the Actual Jurisdiction of j Westmoreland County through the Revolutionary War — Date of the erection of other Counties which have been stricken off from Westmoreland ®7

CHAPTER XXIII.

Upper Ligonier Valley during the Revolution. The Upper Part of Ligonier Valley — Remains of the Old Indian Fort — The Early Settlers here : the Harmans, Gays, and others — Williams' Block-House the Place of Refuge for these Early Settlers — Different Murders and Captures in this Region — Indians capture Andrew and John Harman along the Four-Mile Run — They kill one of a Neighbor's Horses and take Another — They watch the Cabin and hear the Mother calling the Boys — Carry the Boys towards the North — John Dies — After trying to freeze Andy to Death, and Failing in other ways to kill Him, he at last is traiued up with a Chiefs Son — He is adopted by that Tribe, the Senecas — Lives with them some Years — Is parted with for a Bottle of Rum to an English Officer — Taken to London as a Servant — After the Peace in 1783 comes Home, after they had long thought him Dead — His Account of their Ways of Farming, of Hunting, and of Fighting, with several Anecdotes of his relating — Capture of Jacob Nicely by the Cornplanters — He is raised and adopted by them — Marries a Squaw and Dies among them — His Father visits him before his Death 115

CHAPTER XX.

Forts, Block-Houses, and Incidents of Warfare. Reliance of Westmoreland in her Militia— Her means of defense— Dej scription of the Early Stockades, Forts, Block-Houses— Block-Cabins | and Stations— Fort Ligonier aud Capt. Shannon and Col. McDowell — j Hannastown Stockade— Fort Hand— Fort Reed— Fort Crawford— Fort i contents.

CHAPTER XXIV. CHAPTER XXVIII.

Captain Brady and His Exploits. Destruction of Hannastown.

Spring of 1782— The Outposts deserted— Condition of the Hannastown Settlement— The People gather near to the Stations and work at Harvest together— A Party go out to take off the Harvest of Michael Huffnagle, north of Hannastown— One of the Reapers, seeing Indians watching from behind Trees, gives the Alarm, and they flee towards the Fort— The Court at Hannastown adjourns without a Crier- Records taken to the Fort— General Jail Delivery— They all gather into the Stockade— Scouts sent out— Brison and Shaw pursued by the Indians— Capt. Matthew Jack comes upon the Indians and escapes from them— He rides round the Country and alarms the People— He saves the Love Family— Indians come to the Town— They hold a Consultation, and are seen to have White Men for Commanders, who are dressed like Indians— They plunder the Houses, fire on the Stockade, and mock at the Inmates— They send out a Party towards Miller's Station— The People gather at Allen's, at Rugb's, at Unity— Settlers gather into the Houses and get down their Rifles— Indians come on to the Mowers in the Meadow at Miller's— The Number and Class of Persons collected there— Women and Children gather into the Miller House— John Brownlee called back from attacking the Indians by his Wife— Gives himself up to the Indians— A Young Man takes Brownlee's Child and runs towards George's— Is pursued by a Pack of Indians and hides iu a Rye-Field— Singular Escape of a Babe left on the Ground at the Mercy of the Savages— She is found Sleeping in her own Cot the next Morning— She lives to he Married, and dies in Old Age— The Houses at Hannastown burnt down— Captain Jack is too late to alarm the People at Miller's — The Renegades secure the Inmates of the House— They burn the Houses and shoot down the Cattle —Tie the Hands of the Prisoners and load them with Stolen Goods — Drive the Weeping Women into Captivity — Brownlee carries a Load on his back and has his Little Child on his neck — The Indians recognize Brownlee — One crashes a Tomahawk into his Head and kills his Little Boy, and also a Woman who faints— Affairs about the Fort- Peggy Shaw saves a Little Child— A Ball strikes her in the Breast— The barbarous Medical Treatment she receives while she lingers out her Life — The Two Bodies of Indians unite and go into Camp in the Crabtree Bottom— People collect at the George Farm— At Nightfall a Crowd with Scouts go Armed to assist those in the Fort — They come to the Smouldering Town — Are let into the Stockade and Souud an Alarm — The Indians, listening, are scared, thinking Reinforcements have arrived, and after Midnight they leave for the North — Their Route — They are pursued as far as the Kiskiminetas — The People look out on Deserted Homes — They bury the Dead where they were found — To keep them from Starving the State allows them to draw Rations — What became of the Prisoners — Who the Invaders were and where they came from — Gen.

Irvine's Letter to Washington — Singular Account from an Indian after the War of the Party which burnt Hannastown — The Heroes of the " Hannastown War" — The Town after its Destruction 138 Capt. Samuel Brady, the Hero of Western Pennsylvania, is stationed at Pittsburgh in Col. Brodhead's Regiment — When his Family is murdered he swears towage a War against the Indians long as he lives — He is sent to Sandusky to get Information for the Commander-in-Chief — He gets within sight of the Town and watches the Indians all Day — On his way hack he kills a Warrior, and saves Jenny Stupes and her Child — His Companion, the Dutchman Phouts, and his pet Delaware — He and the Dutchman go up the Allegheny to get some News — They follow an Indian Tiail — They capture an old Indian who tries to kill Phouts, hut who is killed by him — Brady as Captain of the Rangers— Battle of Brady's Bend— Brady kills the Bald Eagle, who had killed his Relatives — Brady watches in the French Creek Country — He and his Men pursue a Returning Party of Indians — Brady's Leap — He follows up a Party which had entered the Sewickley Settlement — His Men attack a Party of Warriors and rout them — His Adventures with Wetzel and the Spies after the General War, as well as all others which have been substantiated or corroborated by Concurrent Accounts 118