The World in which I live, and my place in it. By E. S. A [i.e. Letitia Willgoss Stone.] Edited by ... J. H. Broome

Front matter

THE WORLD IN WHICH I LIVE, > AND MY PLACE IN IT. BEING A UNIVERSAL jIISTORY FOR YOUNG PERSONS FROM lit? totimi to tin _prrant &im. BY E. S. A.. AUTHOR OF "THE SCRIPTURAL FAITH OF THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN," "GOD'S CHARGE AGAINST HIS CHURCH," ETC EDITED BT THE REV. JOHN H. BROOME, VICAR OF HOUGHXOK, NORFOLK. a fleta ©fittion, aaebiseti ants Emprobrtr. LONDON: WERTHEIM AND MACINTOSH, 24, PATERNOSTER-ROW EDINBURGH: W.P.KENNEDY. DUBLIN: G.HERBERT 1857. LONDON : WJEKTHEJM AND MACINTOSH, 24, PATERNOSTER-ROW. ■t TO THE MOST NOBLE GEORGE HORATIO, MARQUIS OF CHOLMONDELEY, •f f)t0 esiorfe IS DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION. THE EDITOR BEGS TO OFFER IT, AS A TRIBUTE OF RESI>ECT, TO A NOBLEMAN, WHOSE EXALTED RANK AND INFLUENCE ARE CONSECRATED TO THE BEST INTERESTS OF HIS FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN, AND OF CHRISTIANITY AT LARGE.

March 31, 1856. a2 PKEFACE. The object of this book is to present a succinct History, from the Creation to the present time, in connexion with Scripture and with the progress of the Church of Christ. It is hoped that this outline, of the History of the World and of the Church, may lead the young reader, to discern God's moral government and man's duty. The study of History invariably inculcates Principles, and the Romish Church, alive to this fact, has never suffered her children to read any histories but those which she approves. But the Protestant Church has hitherto possessed no epitome of history, sufficiently simple, to meet the early requirements of the youthful student. The plan of the work embraces the history of all known nations, having regard to their chronological connexion with each other ; and by commencing the study of history in this its natural connexion, a good foundation is laid for the fuller study of any particular history. The Writer desires gratefully to acknowledge many VI

Preface

. valuable suggestions, both in the plan and execution of the work, and especially the revision and correction, kindly undertaken by scholars of superior historical attainments. The earlier history has been principally, but by no means exclusively, taken from Rollin's " Ancient His tory," Thirlwall's "Greece," Arnold's "Rome," Pri deaux's " Connexion," and Josephus' " Antiquities " and " Wars of the Jews ; " while, for the events of later ages, the works of Gibbon, Mosheim, Hallam, Alison, &c, have been consulted. And, in sketching the history of any particular nation, care has been taken to refer to the standard authors on that country. The Writer is quite aware that with regard to some of the facts stated, especially in the early part of the history, the opinions of learned men have differed.

But it is obvious that, in a work intended for children, any discus sion on the correctness of statements would have been quite out of place. Nevertheless, it is sometimes men tioned, in doubtful cases, that such and such an event has been differently related, while ample use has been made of those late discoveries, which have thrown light on the obscurer portions of history. The frequent recurrence to facts previously stated, may be noticed as a blemish in the work. But the writer has aimed at usefulness rather than elegance of diction, and persons accustomed to children, will be aware how necessary this repetition is, in order to keep up the connexion of events in the youthful mind. Nor is it from inadvertence, that, as we approach our

PREFACE.

. VII own times, the sketch is more filled up and defined. While reading of a period when habits and manners were quite distinct from our own, the young student needs the most simple explanations to enable him to catch an idea of a state of things he has never conceived. But when he reads of circumstances, like those he sees around him every day, he easily enters into passing events, and the aim is to show them in such a point of view, as will enable him to discover his own place and his own duty, in the world in which he lives. March 31, 1856. NOTICE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The very favourable reception, which the public has given to this work, has induced the writer to pay great attention to its improvement in this Edition, with regard to arrangement, style, and accuracy. It is hoped, there fore, that any extensive alterations in future will be unnecessary.

August 1, 1857. TO MY YOUNG READERS. My dear young friends, I know very well, how difficult many sensible and well-informed people have found it, to get a clear idea of general history ; because, when they were children, they read the history of different countries, each in its own book, and were never made to understand, how the history of one country is connected with that of many others. One of my reasons for writing this book, was to help you to avoid this difficulty, and to make you acquainted with the chronology of history, that is, the time or age in which events happened, — which took place first, and which last. Now, if you wish to become good historians, I advise you to commit to memory the periods or parts, into which I. have divided your book, and to remember very correctly the dates belonging to each.

When you have learned to know these well, you will have a double pleasure, in reading or hearing any interesting historical fact, because you will recollect at once when it must have taken place, and will understand something of the state of the world at that time. I have also made you an Index, which will help you to a TO MY YOUNG READERS. X trace the history of any nation, from the beginning. But you know, after all, this history will be a mere outline, which you must fill up by reading other books. You will, by this time, understand one of my reasons for writing this book. But I had another reason. There are many persons trying to learn something about the World in ivhich they live, who never think of their place in the World. I hope this will not be your case; for, while you are informing your mind, and filling your memory with useful knowledge, I want you to be learning at the same time, more of the character of God, and of your duty to Him, and to your fellow-creatures for His sake ; so that you may daily delight more in His service, and become more happy in yourself, and more useful to society, in whatever relations of life you may be called on to fill. Your sincere friend, E..S. A. March 31, 1856. TABLE OE CONTENTS. THE WORLD'S ANCIENT HISTORY.

Section 1

The Great Creator ...... 3 4004. Bible account of the Creation .... The Fall, and its consequences . . . .4 The promised seed ...... The effects of sin . . . . * . section 2. Noah, a preacher of righteousness 120 years 2348. The Flood ...... Prophecy concerning Noah's sons . . . .5 2233. The tower of Babel ..... God always has had a people on the earth .

Chapter I. How The World Was Peopled After The Flood. Section 1

2217. The building of Babylon and Nineveh, by the children of Ham and Shem . . . . . .6 We are dependant on the Bible, for early profane as well as sacred history . . . . . .7 2080. Assyria becomes powerful under Ninus and Semiramis Babylon, and its famous walls, &c. After the death of Ninus, a chasm of 800 years in Assyrian history . . . . . . .8 TABLE OF CONTENTS B.C. Page

Section 2

Ham's descendants . How Abyssinia was peopled And Ethiopia ...... Sidon and Tyre ...... The land of Canaan ..... Origin of the negroes ..... 2188. Kingdom of Egypt founded by Misraim . . .9 The learning and splendour of Egypt The shepherd kings ..... 1730. Supposed era of Sesostris . . . . .10 The Pyramids, Catacombs, Sphynx, lake Mœris, &c. section 3. Japhet's descendants ..... How the north of Europe and Asia was peopled How the south of Europe was peopled . . .11 How, at length, the middle and west of Europe were peopled section 4. Shem's descendants ..... China and India peopled ..... Assyria, Syria, Mesopotamia, Lydia, Persia . . 12 1996. The Israelitish nation — Abraham born

Chapter II. From The Call Of Abraham, To Saul The First King Of Israel

SECTION 1.

1921. The call of Abraham ..... Why God chose a nation for himself . . .13 The journeyings of Abraham, in the promised land 1897. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, &c 1896. The birth of Isaac ...... Ishmael and the Arabians . . . . .14 The Midianites ...... The Moabites and Ammonites .... 1836. Jacob and Esau born ..... The Edomites or Idumeans, and Amalekites . . 15 Job

SECTION 2.

A short sketch of early Scripture history All the early kings of Egypt called Pharaoh 1491. The departure of the children of Israel, from Egypt . 16 The Philistines ...... The wanderings of the Israelites, in the wilderness .

Section 3

1450. They enter the promised land, under Joshua . . 17 Israel under Judges . . . . .18 Dates of profane and sacred history compared The first uninspired book written .... 1079. Saul begins to reign over Israel .... xm **'•*-■ Page

Section 1

All history, except sacred history, obscure or fabulous, till about 800 years before Christ . . . .19 Yet their very fables remind us that once all nations knew the true God ...... Christ descended from Lot as well as Abraham . . 20 Saul's first war was against the Ammonites David's wars with the Syrians .... 1004. Solomon builds the Temple . . . .21 section 2. Tyre and Tarshish trade with him .... Their history ...... section 3. Solomon makes a treaty with Pharaoh, King of Egypt, and marries his daughter . . . . .22 The visit of the Queen of Sheba . . . .23 979. Israel divided into two kingdoms ....

Chapter IV. From The Division Of The Kingdom, To The Babylonish Captivity. Section 1

979. Ten tribes revolt from Rehoboam . . . .24 Idolatry introduced by Jeroboam .... From that time we seldom hear anything good of Israel . 25 God's warnings by his prophets .... section 2. His comforting messages to his servants 721. Shalmanezer, King of Assyria, carries Israel captive . 26 The Samaritans ...... section 3. Although Judah has some good kings, she also falls from God 27 The warnings of God addressed both to her and the heathen around ....... The remarkable prophecies respecting Josiah and Cyrus section 4. 606. Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, carries Judah captive . Nebuchadnezzar burns the Temple . . .28 Jeremiah ....... The remnant of Judah flee into Egypt . . .29 The land lies waste for seventy years TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Chapter I. The History Of Nebuchadnezzar, And Other Kings Of Assyria

b.c. Page

SECTION 1.

Nineveh and Babylon frequently at war with each other . 30 Pul, to whom Jonah was sent .... 747. Arbaces conquers Nineveh .... The empire divided into three kingdoms, Media, Babylonia, and Assyria, or Nineveh .... The kings of Nineveh the most powerful Tiglath-Pileser, Shalmanesei, and Sennacherib 709. Esarhaddon re-unites Babylon and Nineveh under the Assyrian empire . . . . . .31 624. Nineveh destroyed ..... 606. Nebuchadnezzar conquers Judea .... 585. He attacks Tyre ...... The Tyrians remove to an island .... 572. He conquers Egypt ..... section 2. The cities and colonies of Greece . . . .32 753. Rome founded ...... 869-1 Carthage founded . . . The Medes, Persians, and Lydians connected by royal marriages, and in alliance with Nebuchadnezzar The kingdom of Lydia founded by Lud, the son of Shem .

The holy Daniel in a heathen court . . .33 Daniel's pious friends ..... section 3. 603. Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the image Daniel is enabled to explain the dream . . .34 His three friends cast into the fiery furnace Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the tree . . .35 Daniel explains it, and urges repentance Nebuchadnezzar beautifies Babylon — The hanging gardens 572. Nebuchadnezzar driven from his throne, till he had learned to fear before God .....

Chapter II. The Successors Of Nebuchadnezzar

SECTION ]. 563. Evilmerodach succeeds Nebuchadnezzar . . .36 Releases Jehoiachin ..... Wicked kings of Assyria .... Belshazzar or Nabonidus the last king Supposes Babylon impregnable .... Puts the holy vessels to common use . . .37 B.C. Page

Section 2

The writing on the wall explained by Daniel 538. Babylon taken ...... Always trying to rebel, and at length made a hunting park 38 Alexander wished to make it his capital The city near its site called Hillah 548. The Medes and Persians conquer Lydia Darius sometimes called Cyaxares .... PART rv. THE EMPIRE OF THE MEDES AND PERSIANS, BEFORE ITS CONNEXION WITH GREECE. — B.C. 538 TO B.C. 490.

CHAPTER I. THE REIGNS OF DARIUS AND CYRUS.

SECTION 1.

Daniel's visions of the succeeding empires . . .39 He seeks, by fasting and prayer, to know the end of the seventy years' captivity ..... God reveals to him much which was to take place before Messiah's reign ...... 538. Daniel made chief ruler in Persia .... Darius casts him into the den of lions, but God preserves him 40 Why Daniel prayed at his open window Darius rejoices at his deliverance, and condemns his accusers to death ....... 536. Daniel lives to serve Cyrus, and dies in Babylon . . 41 section 2. Cyrus, and all the Persians, educated hardily and well Cyrus a very fine character ..... Medes badly educated ..... 536. Cyrus permits the Jews to return to Judea, and rebuild their temple ...... Many of the Jews not anxious to return The prophets of the captivity . . . .42 Two purposes of mercy accomplished by the captivity, viz., the cure of the proneness of the Jews to idolatry, and the knowledge of the true God being spread among the heathen . . ...

CHAPTER II. THE SUCCESSORS OF CYRUS, AND

T~~* " .otlDUCT TOWARDS THE JEWS.

SECTION 1.

The books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther . The Samaritans are the Jews' enemies from the first . 43 Zerubbabel or Sheshbazzar, the rightful heir to the throne, made Governor ...... Jeshua the rightful high priest .... TABLE OF CONTENTS. XVI B.C. Pa«« 535. The foundation of the Temple laid . . In what the first and second temple differed 529. Cambyses succeeds Cyrus . . . • .44 Not so favourable to the Jews . 525. Conquers the Egyptians . His selfishness and cruelty . His death ....•• 522. Succeeded by Smerdis, the Artaxerxes of Ezra iv., who stops the work ....•• 521. Darius Hystaspes chosen king— the Darius of Ezra iv., and probably the Ahasuerus of Esther Others suppose Artaxerxes Longimanus of Ezra vii. to be the Ahasuerus of Esther, and others that it was Xerxes, Darius II. 's son ......

Darius Hystaspes a great conqueror 490. His wars with the Greeks ..... 508. His conquests in India ..... Not to be confounded with Darius I., or Cyaxeres . Permits the Jews to resume their work . . .45 515. The Temple finished, and dedicated to God section 2. The dangers of the Jews who remained in Persia . The three Ahasuerus mentioned in the Bible 510. Queen Esther defeats the plans of Haman . . .46 The deliverance of the Jews .... The feast of Purim ...... The inspiration of the Scriptures . . . .47

Chapter III. The Conclusion Of The Old Testament History. Section 1

The book of Esther, in point of time, between the sixth and seventh chapters of Ezra .... 485. Xerxes succeeds his father ..... His wars with Greece ..... 473. Artaxerxes Longimanus ..... Ezra's personal history commences, Ezra vii. The difficulties of travelling .... Ezra's endeavours to reform the Jews Nehemiah follows, thirteen years after . . .48 His spirit of prayer ...... section 2. He repairs the walls ..... Uses his power as the Tirshatha for the good of the people . Rules for more than thirty years .... Ezra collected the Old Testament Scriptures After this time, Persian history intermixed with Grecian .

Chapter I. Early Greece, And Her Wars With Persia

B.C. Page

SECTION 1.

Early Greece divided into little States 1552. The Amphictyonic Council ..... The Grecian Games . . . . .50 1184. The siege of Troy ...... Character of the Greeks ..... 884. Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver . . . .51 600. Solon, the Athenian lawgiver .... Grecian orators and philosophers .... section 2. 490. Miltiades defeats the Persians at the battle of Marathon . 52 480. Leonidas and the Spartans at Thermopylæ 480. Two hundred Persian ships lost at Salamis . . 53 479. Pausanias the Spartan ..... 479. Mardonius defeated at Platæa .... The battle of Mycale ..... 464. Xerxes murdered by his own servants Artaxerxes Longimanus succeeds . 449. Makes peace with Greece ....

Chapter II. The Peloponnesian War, And Its Consequences. Section 1

Athens' brilliant period under Pericles . . .54 431. The Peloponnesian war begins .... 430. Pericles dies, having for fifteen years been sole ruler in Athens . . . ... 416. The Athenians attack Syracuse .... 732. Syracuse founded by a colony from Corinth 414. Athens' fall to be dated from her failure in Sicily . 404. Lysander puts an end to the Peloponnesian War by taking Athens ....... Sparta's brilliant period under Agesilaus . . .55 Corinth important in the Persian Wars Had excited Sparta against Athens Had helped the Syracnsans against the Athenians . 395. The Corinthian War begins .... 371. Thebes' brilliant period under Epaminondas 363. End of the Corinthian War .... 343. Corinth restores liberty to Syracuse, and plants ■ a new colony there ...... Syracuse very powerful ..... 212. Reduced by the Romans, after three years' siege, for assisting Carthage ...... TABLE OF CONTENTS. B.C. Pag«

SECTION 2.

463. The Egyptians long revolt against Persia. They are assisted by the Greeks ...... Prophecies relating to Egypt .... Egypt continually endeavours to regain her freedom 425. Xerxes II. succeeds Artaxerxes Longimanus . . 56 425. Sogdianus succeeds ..... 425. Darius Nothus made king ..... The Egyptians revolt again .... The Medes rebel ...... 404. Artaxerxes Mnemon opposed by his brother, Cyrus the younger ....... 401. Xenophon and the ten thousand Greeks 396. Agesilaus invades the Persian Empire . 395. Is recalled by the Corinthian War .... 362. Agesilaus goes to assist the Egyptians in another revolt against Persia ...... 362. Dies on his way home ..... 366. Artaxerxes Mnemon succeeded by Ochus, who conquers Egypt finally ...... 350. It has never since had a native king Prophecies about Egypt's future history 338.

The young Arses succeeds to the throne of Persia . . 57 336. Darius Codomanus begins to reign .... section 3. Macedon but little thought of before the time of Philip 360. Philip has some trouble in establishing himself on his throne Attempts to obtain authority in Greece . . .58 338. Is declared Generalissimo of the Greeks The principal cities refuse to acknowledge him 338. Defeats the Athenians and Thehans at Cheronæa . Proposes, by the assistance of the Greeks, to conquer Persia 336. Stabbed by Pausanias ..... Philip's character ......

Chapter III. Alexander The Great Puts An End To The Persian Empire. Section 1

336. Alexander succeeds Philip ..... Education and character of Alexander . . .59 Alexander chosen Generalissimo of the Greeks Bucephalus ...... 334. Alexander's first victory at the Granicus . . .60 His illness ....... 333. Defeats Darius in person at Issus .... section 2. Obtains possession of Phœnicia . . . .61 332. Takes Tyre ....... Prophecies concerning it . . . .62 section 3. 332. The Jews refuse to assist Alexander B.C. Page The Samaritans send him supplies .... The Lord protects the Jews from Alexander's anger . 63 332. Egypt conquered ...... The Samaritans, who expected favour, rebel, and are punished ...... They retire to Sychem or Sychar .... 331. The battle of Arbela puts an end to the Persian Empire . 64

Chapter I. Alexander As Head Of The Grecian Empire. Section 1

330. Alexander may be said to begin and end the Grecian Empire ....... His pride and intemperance increase Conquests, especially in India .... 327. Porus is conquered ...... Alexander's army long to return home . . .65 Parmenio and Clitus murdered .... Alexander desires to be considered a god . 328. Callisthenes put to death .....

SECTION 2.

Alexander marries Statira, Darius' daughter 324. Hephæstion dies from drinking .... Alexander wishes to make Babylon his capital 323. Alexander brings on a fever by excessive drinking, and dies 66 Prophecies concerning the four great empires

Chapter II. The Rise Of The Roman Power. Section 1

Disputes between Alexander's generals . . .67 Carthage had become powerful .... She hated the Greeks and the Romans Her conquests in Africa, Spain, and the islands of the Mediterranean ...... Rome governed by kings for 250 years 509. The Romans begin the consular form of government The advantage of a restricted monarchy Character of the Roman people . . . .68 390. Rome burned by the Gauls . . . 279. Pyrrhus in vain assists the Tarentines 275. He attacks the Carthaginians in Sicily He returns, and shows great prowess in Greece Character of the Carthaginians . . .

SECTION 2.

264. The first Punic War ' . . . . .69 XX TABLE OF CONTENTS. B.C. . Pa«e Disputes between the Patricians and Plebeians The Senate ....-• 493. Tribunes elected . . . . ■ • 1° Dictators .....•• Disputes about the division of the lands (the agrarian law) . 454. Decemviri .....-•

Section 3

The Romans had a stern love of justice 218. The second Punic War . . . • • 71 201. Spain and the islands of the Mediterranean ceded to Rome . 169. Rome becomes the fourth great empire 147. Carthage burned ....•• It was about twenty years after Alexander's death, and before the first Punic War, that the Grecian Empire was divided into four kingdoms . The Roman power increases, but the Roman character declines . . . . . . .72 SO. Sylla made perpetual dictator .... Power of the Tribunes declines .... The Senate and Consulate continue under the Emperors Disputes between Patricians and Plebeians, exchanged for civil wars ...... Little is known of other countries of Europe Great Britain and Ireland supposed to be early known Russia conquered by Tartars or Scythians . They frequently attack China .... 215. The Great Wall of China ..... Some writers doubt the antiquity of the Chinese nation

Section 1

322. Thirty-three captains striving for power . . .73 301. Antigonus, the strongest, is killed, and, at length, four only remain . . . . . . .74 300. Cassander, Lysimachus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy divide the empire ....... Eumenes' fidelity to Alexander's son 311. Alexander's son murdered by Cassander All Alexander's relations put to death during this twenty years' war ...... 320. Jerusalem taken by Ptolemy (surnamed Lagus, or Soter) . 75 Antigonus becomes its master .... Ptolemy receives Judea and the adjoining provinces, in the division of the empire ..... 300. Canon of Scripture completed by Simon the Just . section 2. The Jewish traditions introduced .... Synagogues commenced by Nehemiah . . .76 284. Ptolemy Philadelphus begins to reign His famous library at Alexandria .... -**'c* Pane 277.

The Septuagint The wars between Egypt and Syria caused much suffering in Judea ...... 221. Ptolemy Philopator, who was so cruel to the Jews, begins to reign . . . . . _ .77 198. Jews subject to Antiochus the Great 187. He is conquered by the Romans, and dies soon after 175. Antiochus Epiphanes reigns . . . .78 170. He profanes the Temple at Jerusalem

Section 3

169. The Romans put an end to the third, or Grecian empire, by conquering Macedon ..... The Grecian cities endeavour to be free They fail for want of unity ..... 251. The Achæan league, under Aratus, frees Greece for a short time ....... Sparta is its enemy ...... 213. Aratus dies ....... The Spartans put their good king Agis to death Philip, the King of Macedon, aids the league for his own ends He also assists the Carthaginians against Rome The Romans interfere for Greece against Philip 193. They declare Greece free . . . . .79 But though, at first, permitted to retain its own laws, &c, Greece from this time is under the protection of Rome, and Rome is therefore its master .... 281. Lysimachus killed in battle, and his kingdom ends with him ....... Cassander and Pyrrhus fight for Macedon . 279.

The Gauls overrun Macedon and Greece . 276. Antigonus' descendants obtain the throne of Macedon, and after much opposition are established there, and reign till Macedon is subdued by Rome .... 168. Perseus, the last king, is subdued, and the Roman empire is established ......

Section 1

Wars between Egypt and Syria . . . .80 Connexion between the two monarchs 168. The Romans forbid Antiochus Epiphanes to fight against Egypt ....... He wreaks his vengeance on the Jews . . .81 TABLE OF CONTENTS. B.C. . . . PaSe His decree for similarity of religion all over his dominions . Cruelly enforced against the Jews . section 2. The prophecy, which the Jews refer to Antiochus Epiphanes 82 167. Rise of the Maccabees ..... They increase in power . . . . .83 The Persians revolt ..... 165. The Syrians driven out of Judea .... The Temple cleansed .....

Chapter II. The Time Of The Maccabees. Section 1

164. The terrible death of Antiochus Epiphanes. The wars of Judas Maccabæus . . . .84 161. He seeks the protection of Rome .... section 2. 161. Judas killed — Jonathan, his brother, becomes High Priest and the Jewish leader ..... 161. He makes peace with Syria . . . .85 168. A Temple built in Egypt ..... 144. Simon made High Priest and Ruler He makes leagues with Rome, Syria, &c. . 135. He is murdered ...... John Hyrcanus succeeds ..... He conquers Edom, Galilee and Samaria . Destroys the Temple on Mount Gerizim Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes . . .86 section 3. 107. Aristobulus becomes king of Judea. 106. Alexander Jannæns succeeds, and conquers the Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites, &c. .... Obliges the conquered nations to become Jews 95. Civil wars in Judea. ..... 86. Alexander's cruelty to his rebellious subjects 79.

More civil war after his death . They seek the aid of the Romans . . . .87 63. Pompey takes Jerusalem, and makes Hyrcanus II. king Hyrcanus obliged to pay tribute, and Judea restored to its original limits ..... 40. He is taken prisoner by the Parthians, which ends the Jewish kings of the race of the Maccabees

Chapter III. The State Of The World Before The Birth Op Christ. Section 1

Prophecies of the power of Rome .... 146. Greece becomes a Roman province . . .88 65. Syria made a Roman province .... 80. Sylla and Marius ...... ■•"■ Page 60. The first Triumvirate ..... Power of the Parthians ..... 250. They become independent ..... 53. Crassus killed by the Parthians .... 39. The Romans gain some advantage over them About 100 years after Christ, Parthia partially conquered . Parthia never made a Roman province . . .89 After the death of Crassus, Pompey rules in Asia, Africa, Italy, and Greece ..... 60. Cæsar goes to conquer the Gauls and Germans 55. Cæsar lands in Britain ..... He writes an account of it ..... Britain not visited by the Romans again for 100 years 50. War between Pompey and Cæsar .... Pompey is murdered, and Cæsar reigns alone 44. Cæsar assassinated ...... 43.

The second Triumvirate ..... 31. Civil war between Augustus and Antony — Antony kills himself . . . . . 27. Augustus made Emperor of Rome .... Lepidus retires into a private station section 2. Pompey and Crassus have no success, after they enter the Holy of Holies ..... 47. Julius Cæsar permits Hyrcanus to govern as High Priest, but he makes Antipater the second in command . . 90 39. Herod the Great made King of the Jews . 37. The Romans obliged to send an army to take Jerusalem Antigonus put to death ..... The Herodians ...... 30. The later Ptolemies — Egypt made a province . . 91 Herod tries in vain to please the Jews

Chapter IV. The State Of The World During The Life Of Christ. Section 1

All the world at peace . . . . .92 The Romans generally rule well .... Civil wars in Rome cease ..... When Augustus has reigned twenty-seven'years, he orders every one to go to his own city to be taxed Circumstances of Christ's birth .... The Gentiles expected some extraordinary person at that time ....... Why the Jews did not know their Messiah . In what way we ought to take warning from this fatal mistake . . . . . .93

Section 2

Herod the Great had reigned thirty-seven years when Christ was born ....... TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXIV B.C. Page He orders the slaughter of the children in Bethlehem His painful death, and cruelty to the last His son Archelaus succeeds to Judea and Samaria, about six years after Christ was born .... He rules so badly that, in two years, the Romans depose him, and make his kingdom a Roman province . . 94 State of the Jewish Government .... Herod's other sons ...... Herod Agrippa and his children .... Pontius Pilate ...... Frequent changes of High Priests . The Jews having filled up the measure of their iniquities, their city is destroyed, as we shall read hereafter . 95 They have been wanderers now almost 1800 years, but, in God's own time, shall be restored

Part VIII

A FEW OF THE PROPHECIES ABOUT OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. His descent, His birth, His life, His death, all prophesied of That the Jews should reject Him, and the Gentiles condemn Him . . . . . . .96 The great purpose for which He lived and died The promise of the Spirit ..... That the Gospel was not for one nation only, but for the whole earth ...... The manner of His death ..... His resurrection and ascension .... His future glory . . . . . .98 THE WORLD'S MODEM HISTORY.

Chapter I. The Second Adam

A.D. Page How Christ by his life and death saves us . Who shall be partakers of this great salvation The meaning of the word Gospel . 101 . 102

Chapter II. Events Which Took Place Soon After Christ's Death. Section 1

3.J When our Saviour ascended, He ordered that the Gospel should first be offered to the Jews . . . 103 The Acts of the Apostles gives the account of their rejection of the Gospel, and of its being preached to the Gentiles . After Christ's death, Pontius Pilate is recalled, and the Jews 36, have more power ...... They use it in persecuting the Christians, who are thus scattered among the Gentiles, and preach the Gospel to them ....... The inspired Council held at Jerusalem . . . 104 The account given in the Scriptures of the early Church 52 section 2. The missionary labours of the Apostles . . .105 Simon Magus . . . . . .106 section 3. Labours of the Apostles continued .... 107 The Syrian Christians in India .... The Four Gospels . . . . . .108