Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris, or, A garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permitt to be noursed vp a kitchen garden of all manner of herbes, rootes & fruites for meate or sauce vsed with vs, and, an orchard of all sorte of fruitbearing trees and shrubbes fit for our land, together with the right orderinge, planting & preseruing of them and their vses & vertues (part 4 of 4)
The Plum tree (especially diuers of them) riseth in time to bee a reasonable tall and great tree, whose bodie and greater armes are couered with a more rugged barke, yet in some more or lesse, the younger branches being smooth in all, the leaues are somewhat rounder then those of the Cherrie tree, and much differing among themselues, some being longer, or larger, or rounder then others, and many that are exercised herein, can tell by the leafe what Plum the tree beareth (I speake this of many, not of all) as in many Cherries they can doe the like: the flowers are white, consisting of fiue leaues: the fruit is as variable in forme, as in taste or colour, some being ovall or Peare fashion or Almond like, or sphericall or round, some firme, some soft and waterish, some sweete, some sower or harsh, or differing from all these tastes: and some white, others blacke, some red, others yellow, some purple, others blew, as they shall bee briefly set downe vnto you in the following lines, where I meane not to insert any the wilde or hedge fruit, but those only are fit for an Orchard, to be stored with good fruit: and of all which sorts, the choysest for goodnesse, and rarest for knowledge, are to be had of my very good friend Master Iohn Tradescante, who hath wonderfully laboured to obtaine all the rarest fruits hee can heare off in any place of Christendome, Turky, yea or the whole world; as also with Master Iohn Millen, dwelling in Olde streete, who from Iohn Tradescante and all others that haue had good fruit, hath stored himselfe with the best only, and he can sufficiently furnish any.
The Amber Primordian Plumme is an indifferent faire Plumme, early ripe, of a pale yellowish colour, and of a waterish taste, not pleasing.
The red Primordian Plumme is of a reasonable size, long and round, reddish on the outside, of a more dry taste, and ripe with the first sorts in the beginning of August.
The blew Primordian is a small plumme, almost like the Damascene, and is subiect to drop off from the tree before it be ripe.
The white Date Plum is no very good plum.
The red Date plumme is a great long red pointed plumme, and late ripe, little better then the white.
The blacke Mussell plumme is a good plumme, reasonable drye, and tasteth well.
The red Mussell Plumme is somewhat flat as well as round, of a very good taste, and is ripe about the middle of August.
The white Mussell plumme is like the redde, but somewhat smaller, and of a whitish greene colour, but not so well tasted.
The Imperiall plum is a great long reddish plum, very waterish, and ripeneth somewhat late.
The Gaunt plum is a great round reddish plum, ripe somewhat late, and eateth waterish.
The red Pescod plum is a reasonable good plum.
The white Pescod plum is a reasonable good rellished plumme, but somewhat waterish.
The greene Pescod plum is a reasonable big and long pointed plum, and ripe in the beginning of September.
The Orenge plum is a yellowish plum, moist, and somewhat sweetish.
The Morocco plumme is blacke like a Damson, well tasted, and somewhat drye in eating.
The Dine plum is a late ripe plum, great and whitish, speckled all ouer.
The Turkie plum is a large long blackish plum, and somewhat flat like the Mussell plum, a well rellished dry plum.
The Nutmeg plumme is no bigger then a Damson, and is of a greenish yellow colour when it is ripe, which is with vs about Bartholmew tide, and is a good plum.
The Perdigon plumme is a dainty good plumme, early blackish, and well rellished.
The Verdoch plum is a great fine greene shining plum fit to preserue.
The Ienua plum is the white Date plum, before remembred.
The Barberry plum is a great early blacke plum, and well tasted.
The Pruneola plum is a small white plum, of a fine tart taste: it was wont to bee vsually brought ouer in small round boxes, and sold most commonly at the Comfitmakers, (cut in twaine, the stone cast away) at a very deere rate: the tree groweth and beareth well with vs.
The Shepway Bulleis is of a darke blewish brown colour, of a larger size then the ordinary, and of a sharpe taste, but not so good as the common.
The white and the blacke Bulleis are common in most Countries, being small round plums, lesser then Damsons, sharper in taste, and later ripe.
The Flushing Bulleis groweth with his fruite thicke clustring together like grapes.
The Winter Creke is the latest ripe plum of all sorts, it groweth plentifully about Bishops Hatfield.
The white Peare plum early ripe, is of a pale yellowish greene colour.
The late ripe white Peare plum is a greater and longer plum, greenish white, and is not ripe vntill it be neere the end of September, both waterish plums.
The blacke Peare plum is like vnto the white Peare plumme, but that the colour is blackish when it is ripe, and is of a very good relish, more firme and drye then the other.
The red Peare plumme is of the same fashion and goodnesse, but is the worst of the three.
The white Wheate plum is a waterish fulsome plum.
The red Wheate plum is like the other for taste.
The Bowie plum is flat and round, yet flatter on the one side then on the other, which caused the name, and is a very good rellished blacke plum.
The Friars plumme is a very good plum, well tasted, and comming cleane from the stone, being blacke when it is ripe, and some whitish spots vpon it.
The Catalonia plum is a very good plum.
The Don Alteza is also a very good plum.
The Muscadine plum, some call the Queene mother plumme, and some the Cherry plum, is a faire red plum, of a reasonable bignesse, and ripe about Bartholmew tide.
The Christian plum, called also the Nutmeg plum; the tree groweth very shrubby, and will abide good for six weekes at the least after it is gathered, and after all other plums are spent.
The Cherry plum remembred before, speaking of the Muscadine plum, is a very good plum, but small.
The Amber plum is a round plum, as yellow on the outside almost as yellow waxe, of a sowre vnpleasant taste that which I tasted, but I thinke it was not the right; for I haue seene and tasted another of the same bignesse, of a paler colour, farre better rellished, and a firmer substance, comming cleane from the stone like an Apricocke.
The Apricocke plum is a good plum when it is in its perfection, but that is seldome; for it doth most vsually cracke, thereby diminishing much of its goodnesse, and besides yeeldeth gumme at the crackes.
The Eason plum is a little red plum, but very good in taste.
The Violet plum is a small and long blackish blew plum, ripe about Bartholmew tide, a very good dry eating fruit.
The Grape plum is the Flushing Bulleis before remembred.
The Dennie plum is called also the Cheston, or the Friars plum before remembred.
The Damaske Violet plum, or Queen mother plum spoken of before.
The blacke Damascene plum is a very good dry plum, and of a darke blew colour when it is ripe.
The white Damson is nothing so well rellished as the other.
The great Damson or Damaske plum is greater then the ordinary Damson, and sweeter in taste.
The blew Damson well knowne, a good fruit.
The Coserers plum is flat, like vnto a Peare plum, it is early ripe and blacke, of a very good rellish.
The Margate plum the worst of an hundred.
The green Oysterly plum is a reasonable great plum, of a whitish green colour when it is ripe, of a moist and sweete taste, reasonable good.
The red Mirobalane plum groweth to be a great tree quickly, spreading very thicke and farre, very like the blacke Thorne or Sloe bush: the fruit is red, earlier ripe, and of a better taste then the white.
The white Mirobalane plum is in most things like the former red, but the fruit is of a whitish yellow colour, and very pleasant, especially if it be not ouer ripe: both these had need to be plashed against a wall, or else they will hardly beare ripe fruit.
The Oliue plum is very like a greene Oliue, but for colour and bignesse, and groweth lowe on a small bushing tree, and ripeneth late, but is the best of all the sorts of greene plums.
The white diapred plum of Malta, scarce knowne to any in our Land but Iohn Tradescante, is a very good plum, and striped all ouer like diaper, and thereby so called.
The blacke diapred plum is like the Damascene plum, being blacke with spots, as small as pins points vpon it, of a very good rellish.
The Peake plum is a long whitish plum, and very good.
The Pishamin or Virginia plum is called a plum, but vtterly differeth from all sorts of plums, the description whereof may truely enforme you, as it is set downe in the tenth Chapter going before, whereunto I referre you.
The Vse of Plums.
The great Damaske or Damson Plummes are dryed in France in great quantities, and brought ouer vnto vs in Hogs-heads, and other great vessels, and are those Prunes that are vsually sold at the Grocers, vnder the name of Damaske Prunes: the blacke Bulleis also are those (being dryed in the same manner) that they call French Prunes, and by their tartnesse are thought to binde, as the other, being sweet, to loosen the body.
The Bruneola Plumme, by reason of his pleasant tartnesse, is much accounted of, and being dryed, the stones taken from them, are brought ouer to vs in small boxes, and sold deere at the Comfitmakers, where they very often accompany all sorts of banquetting stuffes.
Some of these Plums, because of their firmnesse, are vndoubtedly more wholsome then others that are sweete and waterish, and cause lesse offence in their stomackes that eate them; and therefore are preserued with Sugar, to be kept all the yeare. None of them all is vsed in medicines so much as the great Damson or Damaske Prune, although all of them for the most part doe coole, lenifie, and draw forth choller, and thereby are fittest to be vsed of such as haue chollericke Agues.
CHAP. XIIII.
Mala Armeniaca siue Præcocia. Apricockes.
The Apricocke (as I said) is without question a kinde of Plumme, rather then a Peach, both the flower being white, and the stone of the fruit smooth also, like a Plumme, and yet because of the excellencie of the fruit, and the difference therein from all other Plummes, I haue thought it meete to entreate thereof by it selfe, and shew you the varieties haue been obserued in these times.
The Apricocke tree riseth vp to a very great height, either standing by it selfe (where it beareth not so kindly, and very little in our country) or planted against a wall, as it is most vsuall, hauing a great stemme or body, and likewise many great armes or branches, couered with a smooth barke: the leaues are large, broad, and almost round, but pointed at the ends, and finely dented about the edges: the flowers are white, as the Plumme tree blossomes, but somewhat larger, and rounder set: the fruit is round, with a cleft on the one side, somewhat like vnto a Peach, being of a yellowish colour as well on the inside as outside, of a firme or fast substance, and dry, not ouermoist in the eating, and very pleasant in taste, containing within it a broad and flat stone, somewhat round and smooth, not rugged as the Peach stone, with a pleasant sweete kernell (yet some haue reported, that there is such as haue their kernels bitter, which I did neuer see or know) and is ripe almost with our first or earliest Plummes, and thereof it tooke the name of Præcox; and it may bee was the earliest of all others was then knowne, when that name was giuen.
The great Apricocke, which some call the long Apricocke, is the greatest and fairest of all the rest.
The smaller Apricocke, which some call the small round Apricocke, is thought to be small, because it first sprang from a stone: but that is not so; for the kinde it selfe being inoculated, will bee alwaies small, and neuer halfe so faire and great as the former.
The white Apricocke hath his leaues more folded together, as if it were halfe double: it beareth but seldome, and very few, which differ not from the ordinary, but in being more white, without any red when it is ripe.
The Mascoline Apricocke hath a finer greene leafe, and thinner then the former, and beareth very seldome any store of fruit, which differeth in nothing from the first, but that it is a little more delicate.
The long Mascoline Apricocke hath his fruit growing a little longer then the former, and differeth in nothing else.
The Argier Apricocke is a smaller fruit then any of the other, and yellow, but as sweete and delicate as any of them, hauing a blackish stone within it, little bigger then a Lacure Cherry stone: this with many other sorts Iohn Tradescante brought with him returning from the Argier voyage, whither hee went voluntary with the Fleete, that went against the Pyrates in the yeare 1620.
The Vse of Apricockes.
Apricockes are eaten oftentimes in the same manner that other dainty Plummes are, betweene meales of themselues, or among other fruit at banquets.
They are also preserued and candid, as it pleaseth Gentlewomen to bestowe their time and charge, or the Comfitmaker to sort among other candid fruits.
Some likewise dry them, like vnto Peares, Apples, Damsons, and other Plummes.
Matthiolus doth wonderfully commend the oyle drawne from the kernels of the stones, to annoint the inflamed hæmorrhoides or piles, the swellings of vlcers, the roughnesse of the tongue and throate, and likewise the paines of the eares.
CHAP. XV.
Mala Persica. Peaches.
As I ordered the Cherries and Plummes, so I intend to deale with Peaches, because their varieties are many, and more knowne in these dayes then in former times: but because the Nectorin is a differing kinde of Peach, I must deale with it as I did with the Apricocke among the Plummes, that is, place it in a Chapter by it selfe.
The Peach tree of it selfe groweth not vsually altogether so great, or high as the Apricocke, because it is lesse durable, but yet spreadeth with faire great branches, from whence spring smaller and slenderer reddish twigges, whereon are set long narrow greene leaues, dented about the edges: the blossomes are greater then of any Plumme, of a deepe blush or light purple colour: after which commeth the fruit, which is round, and sometimes as great as a reasonable Apple or Pippin (I speake of some sorts; for there be some kindes that are much smaller) with a furrow or cleft on the one side, and couered with a freese or cotton on the outside, of colour either russet, or red, or yellow, or of a blackish red colour; of differing substances and tastes also, some being firme, others waterish, some cleauing fast to the stone on the inside, others parting from it more or lesse easily, one excelling another very farre, wherein is contained a rugged stone, with many chinkes or clefts in it, the kernell whereof is bitter: the roots growe neither deepe nor farre; and therefore are subiect to the winds, standing alone, and not against a wall. It sooner waxeth old and decayeth, being sprung of a stone, then being inoculated on a Plumme stocke, whereby it is more durable.
The great white Peach is white on the outside as the meate is also, and is a good well rellished fruit.
The small white Peach is all one with the greater, but differeth in size.
The Carnation Peach is of three sorts, two are round, and the third long; they are all of a whitish colour, shadowed ouer with red, and more red on the side is next the sunne: the lesser round is the more common, and the later ripe.
The grand Carnation Peach is like the former round Peach, but greater, and is as late ripe, that is, in the beginning of September.
The red Peach is an exceeding well rellished fruit.
The russet Peach is one of the most ordinary Peaches in the Kingdome, being of a russet colour on the outside, and but of a reasonable rellish, farre meaner then many other.
The Island Peach is a faire Peach, and of a very good rellish.
The Newington Peach is a very good Peach, and of an excellent good rellish, being of a whitish greene colour on the outside, yet halfe reddish, and is ripe about Bartholmew tide.
The yellow Peach is of a deepe yellow colour; there be hereof diuers sorts, some good and some bad.
The St. Iames Peach is the same with the Queenes Peach, here belowe set downe, although some would make them differing.
The Melocotone Peach is a yellow faire Peach, but differing from the former yellow both in forme and taste, in that this hath a small crooked end or point for the most part, it is ripe before them, and better rellished then any of them.
The Peach du Troas is a long and great whitish yellow Peach, red on the outside, early ripe, and is another kinde of Nutmeg Peach.
The Queenes Peach is a faire great yellowish browne Peach, shadowed as it were ouer with deepe red, and is ripe at Bartholmew tide, of a very pleasant good taste.
The Romane Peach is a very good Peach, and well rellished.
The Durasme or Spanish Peach is of a darke yellowish red colour on the outside, and white within.
The blacke Peach is a great large Peach, of a very darke browne colour on the outside, it is of a waterish taste, and late ripe.
The Alberza Peach is late ripe, and of a reasonable good taste.
The Almond Peach, so called, because the kernell of the stone is sweete, like the Almond, and the fruit also somewhat pointed like the Almond in the huske; it is early ripe, and like the Newington Peach, but lesser.
The Man Peach is of two sorts, the one longer then the other, both of them are good Peaches, but the shorter is the better rellished.
The Cherry Peach is a small Peach, but well tasted.
The Nutmeg Peach is of two sorts, one that will be hard when it is ripe, and eateth not so pleasantly as the other, which will bee soft and mellow; they are both small Peaches, hauing very little or no resemblance at all to a Nutmeg, except in being a little longer then round, and are early ripe.
Many other sorts of Peaches there are, whereunto wee can giue no especiall name; and therefore I passe them ouer in silence.
The Vse of Peaches.
Those Peaches that are very moist and waterish (as many of them are) and not firme, doe soone putrefie in the stomacke, causing surfeits oftentimes; and therefore euery one had neede bee carefull, what and in what manner they eate them: yet they are much and often well accepted with all the Gentry of the Kingdome.
The leaues, because of their bitternesse, serue well being boyled in Ale or Milke, to be giuen vnto children that haue wormes, to help to kill them, and doe gently open the belly, if there be a sufficient quantity vsed.
The flowers haue the like operation, that is, to purge the body somewhat more forceably then Damaske Roses; a Syrupe therefore made of the flowers is very good.
The kernels of the Peach stones are oftentimes vsed to be giuen to them that cannot well make water, or are troubled with the stone; for it openeth the stoppings of the vritory passages, whereby much ease ensueth.
CHAP. XVI.
Nucipersica. Nectorins.
I presume that the name Nucipersica doth most rightly belong vnto that kinde of Peach, which we call Nectorins, and although they haue beene with vs not many yeares, yet haue they beene knowne both in Italy to Matthiolus, and others before him, who it seemeth knew no other then the yellow Nectorin, as Dalechampius also: But we at this day doe know fiue seuerall sorts of Nectorins, as they shall be presently set downe; and as in the former fruits, so in this, I will giue you the description of one, and briefe notes of the rest.
The Nectorin is a tree of no great bignesse, most vsually lesser then the Peach tree, his body and elder boughes being whitish, the younger branches very red, whereon grow narrow long greene leaues, so like vnto Peach leaues, that none can well distinguish them, vnlesse it be in this, that they are somewhat lesser; the blossomes are all reddish, as the Peach, but one of a differing fashion from all the other, as I shall shew you by and by: the fruit that followeth is smaller, rounder, and smoother then Peaches, without any cleft on the side, and without any douny cotton or freeze at all; and herein is like vnto the outer greene rinde of the Wallnut, whereof as I am perswaded it tooke the name, of a fast and firme meate, and very delicate in taste, especially the best kindes, with a rugged stone within it, and a bitter kernell.
The Muske Nectorin, so called, because it being a kinde of the best red Nectorins, both smelleth and eateth as if the fruit were steeped in Muske: some thinke that this and the next Romane Nectorin are all one.
The Romane red Nectorin, or cluster Nectorin, hath a large or great purplish blossome, like vnto a Peach, reddish at the bottome on the outside, and greenish within: the fruit is of a fine red colour on the outside, and groweth in clusters, two or three at a ioynt together, of an excellent good taste.
The bastard red Nectorin hath a smaller or pincking blossome, more like threads then leaues, neither so large nor open as the former, and yellowish within at the bottome: the fruit is red on the outside, and groweth neuer but one at a ioynt; it is a good fruit, but eateth a little more rawish then the other, euen when it is full ripe.
The yellow Nectorin is of two sorts, the one an excellent fruit, mellow, and of a very good rellish; the other hard, and no way comparable to it.
The greene Nectorin, great and small; for such I haue seene abiding constant, although both planted in one ground: they are both of one goodnesse, and accounted with most to be the best rellished Nectorin of all others.
The white Nectorin is said to bee differing from the other, in that it will bee more white on the outside when it is ripe, then either the yellow or greene: but I haue not yet seene it.
The Vse of Nectorins.
The fruit is more firme then the Peach, and more delectable in taste; and is therefore of more esteeme, and that worthily.
CHAP. XVII.
Amygdala. Almonds.
The Almond also may be reckoned vnto the stock or kindred of the Peaches, it is so like both in leafe and blossome, and somewhat also in the fruit, for the outward forme, although it hath onely a dry skinne, and no pulpe or meate to bee eaten: but the kernell of the stone or shell, which is called the Almond, maketh recompense of that defect, whereof some are sweete, some bitter, some great, some small, some long, and some short.
The Almond tree groweth vpright, higher and greater then any Peach; and is therefore vsually planted by it selfe, and not against a wall, whose body sometime exceedeth any mans fadome, whereby it sheweth to be of longer continuance, bearing large armes, and smaller branches also, but brittle, whereon are set long and narrow leaues, like vnto the Peach tree: the blossomes are purplish, like vnto Peach blossoms, but paler: the fruit is somewhat like a Peach for the forme of the skinne or outside, which is rough, but not with any such cleft therein, or with any pulpe or meate fit to bee eaten, but is a thicke dry skinne when it is ripe, couering the stone or shell, which is smooth and not rugged, and is either long and great, or small, or thicke and short, according as the nut or kernell within it is, which is sweete both in the greater and smaller, and onely one smaller kinde which is bitter: yet this I haue obserued, that all the Almond trees that I haue seene growe in England, both of the sweete and bitter kindes, beare Almonds thicke and short, and not long, as that sort which is called the Iorden Almond.
The Vse of Almonds.
They are vsed many ways, and for many purposes, either eaten alone with Figges, or Raysins of the Sunne, or made into paste with Sugar and Rosewater for Marchpanes, or put among Floure, Egges, and Sugar, to make Mackerons, or crusted ouer with Sugar, to make Comfits, or mixed with Rosewater and Sugar, to make Butter, or with Barley water, to make Milke, and many other waies, as euery one list, that hath skill in such things.
The oyle also of Almonds is vsed many waies, both inwardly and outwardly, for many purposes; as the oyle of sweete Almonds mixt with poudered white Sugar Candy, for coughes and hoarsenesse, and to be drunk alone, or with some other thing (as the Syrupe of Marsh Mallowes) for the stone, to open and lenifie the passages, and make them slipperie, that the stone may passe the easier. And also for women in Child bed after their sore trauell. And outwardly either by it selfe, or with oyle of Tartar to make a creame, to lenifie the skin, parched with the winde or otherwise, or to annoint the stomacke either alone, or with other things to helpe a cold.
The oyle of bitter Almonds is much vsed to be dropped into their eares that are hard of hearing, to helpe to open them. And as it is thought, doth more scoure and cleanse the skin then the sweet oyle doth, and is therefore more vsed of many for that purpose, as the Almonds themselues are.
CHAP. XVIII.
Mala Arantia. Orenges.
I bring here to your consideration, as you see, the Orenge tree alone, without mentioning the Citron or Lemmon trees, in regard of the experience we haue seen made of them in diuers places: For the Orenge tree hath abiden with some extraordinary looking and tending of it, when as neither of the other would by any meanes be preserued any long time. If therefore any be desirous to keepe this tree, he must so prouide for it, that it be preserued from any cold, either in the winter or spring, and exposed to the comfort of the sunne in summer. And for that purpose some keepe them in great square boxes, and lift them to and fro by iron hooks on the sides, or cause them to be rowled by trundels, or small wheels vnder them, to place them in an house, or close gallerie for the winter time: others plant them against a bricke wall in the ground, and defend them by a shed of boardes, couered ouer with seare-cloth in the winter, and by the warmth of a stoue, or other such thing, giue them some comfort in the colder times: but no tent or meane prouision will preserue them.
The Orenge tree in the warme Countries groweth very high, but with vs (or else it is a dwarfe kinde thereof) riseth not very high: the barke of the elder stemmes being of a darke colour, and the young branches very greene, whereon grow here and there some few thornes: the leaues are faire, large, and very greene, in forme almost like a Bay leafe, but that it hath a small eare, or peece of a leafe, fashioned like vnto an heart vnder euery one of them, with many small holes to be seene in them, if you hold them vp betweene you and the light, of a sweet but strong smell, naturally not falling away, but alwaies abiding on, or vntill new be come vp, bearing greene leaues continually: the flowers are whitish, of a very strong and heady sent; after which come small round fruit, greene at the first, while they are small, and not neere maturitie, but being grown and ripe, are (as all men know) red on the out side, some more pale then others, and some kindes of a deeper yellowish red, according to the climate, and as it receiueth the heate of the sunne, wherein is contained sower or sweete iuice, and thicke white kernels among it: it beareth in the warme Countries both blossomes and greene fruit continually vpon it, and ripe fruit also with them for the best part of the yeare, but especially in Autumne and Winter.
The Vse of Orenges.
Orenges are vsed as sawce for many sorts of meates, in respect of their sweete sowernesse, giuing a rellish of delight, whereinsoeuer they are vsed.
The inner pulpe or iuice doth serue in agues and hot diseases, and in Summer to coole the heate of deiected stomackes, or fainting spirits.
The dryed rinde, by reason of the sweete and strong sent, serueth to bee put among other things to make sweet pouthers.
The outer rindes, when they are clensed from all the inner pulpe and skins, are preserued in Sugar, after the bitternesse by often steepings hath been taken away, & do serue either as Succots, and banquetting stuffes, or as ornaments to set out dishes for the table, or to giue a rellish vnto meats, whether baked or boyled: Physically they helpe to warme a cold stomack, and to digest or breake winde therein: or they are candid with Sugar, and serue with other dryed Iunquets.
The water of Orange flowers is oftentimes vsed as a great perfume for gloues, to washe them, or in stead of Rose-water to mixe with other things.
It is vsed to bee drunke by some, to preuent or to helpe any pestilentiall feuer.
The oyntment that is made of the flowers, is very comfortable both for the stomache, against the could or cough, or for the head, for paines and disinesse.
The kernels or seede beeing cast into the ground in the spring time, will quickely grow vp, (but will not abide the winter with vs, to bee kept for growing trees) and when they are of a finger length high, being pluckt vp, and put among sallets, will giue them a maruellous fine aromaticke or spicy taste, very acceptable.
The seed or kernels are a little cordiall, although nothing so much as the kernels of the Pomecitron.
CHAP. XIX.
Poma. Apples.
The sorts of Apples are so many, and infinite almost as I may say, that I cannot giue you the names of all, though I haue endeauoured to giue a great many, and I thinke it almost impossible for any one, to attaine to the full perfection of knowledge herein, not onely in regard of the multiplicitie of fashions, colours and tastes, but in that some are more familiar to one Countrey then to another, being of a better or worse taste in one place then in another, and therefore diuersly called: I will therefore as I haue done before, giue you the description of the Tree in generall, as also of the Paradise or dwarfe Apple, because of some especiall difference, and afterwards the names of as many, with their fashions, as haue come to my knowledge, either by sight or relation: for I doe confesse I haue not seene all that I here set downe, but vse the helpe of some friends, and therefore if it happen that the seuerall names doe not answer vnto seuerall sorts, but that the same fruit may bee called by one name in one Country, that is called by another elsewhere, excuse it I pray you; for in such a number, such a fault may escape vnknowne.
The Apple tree for the most part is neyther very high, great or straight, but rather vsually boweth and spreadeth (although in some places it groweth fairer and straighter then in others) hauing long and great armes or boughes, and from them smaller branches, whereon doe grow somewhat broade, and long greene leaues, nicked about the edges: the flowers are large and white, with blush coloured sides, consisting of fiue leaues: the fruit (as I said) is of diuers formes, colours and tastes, and likewise of a very variable durabilitie; for some must be eaten presently after they are gathered, and they are for the most part the earliest ripe; others will abide longer vpon the trees, before they bee fit to be gathered; some also will be so hard when others are gathered, that they will not be fit to be eaten, for one, two or three months after they bee gathered; and some will abide good but one, two or three moneths, and no more; and some will be best, after a quarter or halfe a yeares lying, vnto the end of that yeare or the next.
The Paradise or dwarfe Apple tree groweth nothing so high as the former, and many times not much higher then a man may reach, hauing leaues and flowers altogether like the other, the fruit is a faire yellow Apple, and reasonable great, but very light and spongy or loose, and of a bitterish sweet taste, nothing pleasant. And these faults also are incident vnto this tree, that both bodie and branches are much subiect vnto cancker, which will quickely eate it round, and kill it; besides it will haue many bunches, or tuberous swellings in many places, which grow as it were scabby or rough, and will soone cause it to perish: the roote sendeth forth many shootes and suckers, whereby it may be much increased. But this benefit may be had of it, to recompence the former faults, That being a dwarfe Tree, whatsoeuer fruit shall be grafted on it, will keepe the graft low like vnto it selfe, and yet beare fruit reasonable well. And this is a pretty way to haue Pippins, Pomewaters, or any other sort of Apples (as I haue, had my selfe, and also seene with others) growing low, that if any will, they may make a hedge rowe of these low fruits, planted in an Orchard all along by a walke side: but take this Caueat, if you will auoide the danger of the cancker and knots, which spoile the tree, to graft it hard vnto the ground, that therby you may giue as little of the nature of the stock thereunto as possibly you can, which wil vndoubtedly help it very much.
The kindes or sorts of Apples.
The Summer pippin is a very good apple first ripe, and therefore to bee first spent, because it will not abide so long as the other.
The French pippin is also a good fruit and yellow.
The Golding pippin is the greatest and best of all sorts of pippins.
The Russet pippin is as good an apple as most of the other sorts of pippins.
The spotted pippin is the most durable pippin of all the other sorts.
The ordinary yellow pippin is like the other, and as good; for indeed I know no sort of pippins but are excellent good well rellished fruites.
The great pearemaine differeth little either in taste or durabilitie from the pippin, and therefore next vnto it is accounted the best of all apples.
The summer pearemaine is of equall goodnesse with the former, or rather a little more pleasing, especially for the time of its eating, which will not bee so long lasting, but is spent and gone when the other beginneth to be good to eate.
The Russetting is also a firme and a very good apple, not so waterish as the pippin or pearemaine, and will last the best part of the year, but will be very mellow at the last, or rather halfe dryed.
The Broading is a very good apple.
The Pomewater is an excellent good and great whitish apple, full of sap or moisture, somewhat pleasant sharpe, but a little bitter withall: it will not last long, the winter frosts soone causing it to rot, and perish.
The Flower of Kent is a faire yellowish greene apple both good and great.
The Gilloflower apple is a fine apple, and finely spotted.
The Marligo is the same, that is called the Marigold apple, it is a middle sized apple, very yellow on the outside, shadowed ouer as it were with red, and more red on one side, a reasonable well rellished fruit.
The Blandrill is a good apple.
The Dauie Gentle is a very good apple.
The Gruntlin is somewhat a long apple, smaller at the crowne then at the stalke, and is a reasonable good apple.
The gray Costerd is a good great apple, somewhat whitish on the outside, and abideth the winter.
The greene Costerd is like the other, but greener on the outside continually.
The Haruy apple is a faire great goodly apple, and very well rellished.
The Dowse apple is a sweetish apple not much accounted of.
The Pome-paris is a very good apple.
The Belle boon of two sorts winter and summer, both of them good apples, and fair fruit to look on, being yellow and of a meane bignesse.
The pound Royall is a very great apple, of a very good and sharpe taste.
The Doues Bill a small apple.
The Deusan or apple Iohn is a delicate fine fruit, well rellished when it beginneth to be fit to be eaten, and endureth good longer then any other apple.
The Master William is greater then a pippin, but of no very good rellish.
The Master Iohn is a better tasted apple then the other by much.
The Spicing is a well tasted fruite.
Pome de Rambures} } all faire and good apples Pome de Capandu } } brought from France. Pome de Calual }
The Queene apple is of two sorts, both of them great faire red apples, and well rellished, but the greater is the best.
The Bastard Queene apple is like the other for forme and colour, but not so good in taste: some call this the bardfield Queening.
The Boughton or greening is a very good and well tasted apple.
The Leather coate apple is a good winter apple, of no great bignesse, but of a very good and sharpe taste.
The Pot apple is a plaine Country apple.
The Cowsnout is no very good fruit.
The Gildiling apple is a yellow one, not much accounted.
The Cats head apple tooke the name of the likenesse, and is a reasonable good apple and great.
The Kentish Codlin is a faire great greenish apple, very good to eate when it is ripe; but the best to coddle of all other apples.
The Stoken apple is a reasonable good apple.
The Geneting apple is a very pleasant and good apple.
The Worcester apple is a very good apple, as bigge as a Pomewater.
Donime Couadis is a French apple, and of a good rellish.
The French Goodwin is a very good apple.
The old wife is a very good, and well rellished apple.
The towne Crab is an hard apple, not so good to be eaten rawe as roasted, but excellent to make Cider.
The Virgilling apple is a reasonable good apple.
The Crowes egge is no good rellished fruit, but noursed vp in some places of the common people.
The Sugar apple is so called of the sweetnesse.
Sops in wine is so named both of the pleasantnesse of the fruit, and beautie of the apple.
The womans breast apple is a great apple.
The blacke apple or pippin is a very good eating apple, and very like a Pearemaine, both for forme and bignesse, but of a blacke sooty colour.
Tweenty sorts of Sweetings and none good.
The Peare apple is a small fruit, but well rellished being ripe, and is for shape very like vnto a small short Peare, and greene.
The Paradise apple is a faire goodly yellow apple, but light and spongy, and of a bitterish sweet taste, not to be commended.
The apple without blossome, so called because although it haue a small shew of a blossome, yet they are but small threds rather then leaues, neuer shewing to bee like a flower, and therefore termed without blossome: the apple is neyther good eating nor baking fruit.
Wildings and Crabs are without number or vse in our Orchard, being to be had out of the woods, fields and hedges rather then any where else.
The Vse of Apples.
The best sorts of Apples serue at the last course for the table, in most mens houses of account, where, if there grow any rare or excellent fruit, it is then set forth to be seene and tasted.
Diuers other sorts serue to bake, either for the Masters Table, or the meynes sustenance, either in pyes or pans, or else stewed in dishes with Rosewater and Sugar, and Cinamon or Ginger cast vpon.
Some kinds are fittest to roast in the winter time, to warme a cup of wine, ale or beere; or to be eaten alone, for the nature of some fruit is neuer so good, or worth the eating, as when they are roasted.
Some sorts are fittest to scald for Codlins, and are taken to coole the stomacke, as well as to please the taste, hauing Rosewater and Sugar put to them.
Some sorts are best to make Cider of, as in the West Countrey of England great quantities, yea many Hogsheads and Tunnes full are made, especially to bee carried to the Sea in long voyages, and is found by experience to bee of excellent vse, to mixe with water for beuerage. It is vsually seene that those fruits that are neither fit to eate raw, roasted, nor baked, are fittest for Cider, and make the best.
The iuice of Apples likewise, as of pippins, and pearemaines, is of very good vse in Melancholicke diseases, helping to procure mirth, and to expell heauinesse.
The distilled water of the same Apples is of the like effect.
There is a fine sweet oyntment made of Apples called Pomatum, which is much vsed to helpe chapt lips, or hands, or for the face, or any other part of the skinne that is rough with winde, or any other accident, to supple them, and make them smooth.
CHAP. XX.
Cydonia. Quinces.
Wee haue some diuersities of Quinces, although not many, yet more then our elder times were acquainted with, which shall be here expressed.
The Quince tree groweth oftentimes to the height and bignesse of a good Apple tree, but more vsually lower, with crooked and spreading armes and branches farre abroad, the leaues are somewhat round, and like the leaues of the Apple tree, but thicker, harder, fuller of veines, and white on the vnderside: the blossomes or flowers are white, now and then dasht ouer with blush, being large and open, like vnto a single Rose: the fruit followeth, which when it is ripe is yellow, and couered with a white cotton or freeze, which in the younger is thicker and more plentifull, but waxeth lesse and lesse, as the fruit ripeneth, being bunched out many times in seuerall places, and round, especially about the head, some greater, others smaller, some round like an Apple, others long like a Peare, of a strong heady sent, accounted not wholsome or long to be endured, and of no durabilitie to keepe, in the middle whereof is a core, with many blackish seedes or kernels therein, lying close together in cels, and compassed with a kinde of cleare gelly, which is easier seene in the scalded fruit, then in the raw.
The English Quince is the ordinarie Apple Quince, set downe before, and is of so harsh a taste being greene, that no man can endure to eate it rawe, but eyther boyled, stewed, roasted or baked; all which waies it is very good.
The Portingall Apple Quince is a great yellow Quince, seldome comming to bee whole and faire without chapping; this is so pleasant being fresh gathered, that it may be eaten like vnto an Apple without offence.
The Portingall Peare Quince is not fit to be eaten rawe like the former, but must be vsed after some of the waies the English Quince is appointed, and so it will make more dainty dishes then the English, because it is lesse harsh, will bee more tender, and take lesse sugar for the ordering then the English kinde.
The Barbary Quince is like in goodnesse vnto the Portingall Quince last spoken of, but lesser in bignesse.
The Lyons Quince.
The Brunswicke Quince.
The Vse of Quinces.
There is no fruit growing in this Land that is of so many excellent vses as this, seruing as well to make many dishes of meate for the table, as for banquets, and much more for the Physicall vertues, whereof to write at large is neither conuenient for mee, nor for this worke: I will onely briefly recite some, as it were to giue you a taste of that plenty remaineth therein, to bee conuerted into sundry formes: as first for the table, while they are fresh (and all the yeare long after being pickled vp) to be baked, as a dainty dish, being well and orderly cookt. And being preserued whole in Sugar, either white or red, serue likewise, not onely as an after dish to close vp the stomacke, but is placed among other Preserues by Ladies and Gentlewomen, and bestowed on their friends to entertaine them, and among other sorts of Preserues at Banquets. Codimacke also and Marmilade, Ielly and Paste, are all made of Quinces, chiefly for delight and pleasure, although they haue also with them some physicall properties.
We haue for the vse of physicke, both Iuyce and Syrupe, both Conserue and Condite, both binding and loosening medicines, both inward and outward, and all made of Quinces.
The Ielly or Muccilage of the seedes, is often vsed to be laid vpon womens breasts, to heale them being sore or rawe, by their childrens default giuing them sucke.
Athenæus reciteth in his third booke, that one Philarchus found, that the smell of Quinces tooke away the strength of a certaine poison, called Phariacum. And the Spaniards haue also found, that the strength of the iuyce of white Ellebor (which the Hunters vse as a poyson to dippe their arrow heads in, that they shoote at wilde beasts to kill them) is quite taken away, if it stand within the compasse of the smell of Quinces. And also that Grapes, being hung vp to bee kept, and spent in Winter, doe quickly rot with the smell of a Quince.
CHAP. XXI.
Pyra. Peares.
The variety of peares is as much or more then of apples, and I thinke it is as hard in this, as before in apples, for any to be so exquisite, as that hee could number vp all the sorts that are to be had: for wee haue in our country so manie, as I shall giue you the names of by and by, and are hitherto come to our knowledge: but I verily beleeue that there be many, both in our country, and in others, that we haue not yet knowne or heard of; for euery yeare almost wee attaine to the knowledge of some, we knew not of before. Take therefore, according to the manner before held, the description of one, with the seuerall names of the rest, vntill a more exact discourse be had of them, euery one apart.
The Peare tree groweth more slowly, but higher, and more vpright then the apple tree, and not lesse in the bulke of the body: his branches spread not so farre or wide, but growe vprighter and closer: the leaues are somewhat broader and rounder, greene aboue, and whiter vnderneath then those of the apple tree: the flowers are whiter and greater: the fruit is longer then round for the most part, smaller at the stalke, and greater at the head, of so many differing formes, colours, and tastes, that hardly can one distinguish rightly between them, the times also being as variable in the gathering and spending of them, as in apples: the roote groweth deeper then the apple tree, and therefore abideth longer, and giueth a faster, closer, & smoother gentle wood, easie to be wrought vpon.
The kindes of Peares.
The Summer bon Chretien is somewhat a long peare, with a greene and yellow russetish coate, and will haue sometimes red sides; it is ripe at Michaelmas: some vse to dry them as they doe Prunes, and keepe them all the yeare after. I haue not seene or heard any more Summer kindes hereof then this one, and needeth no wall to nourse it as the other.
The Winter bon Chretien is of many sorts, some greater, others lesser, and all good; but the greatest and best is that kinde that groweth at Syon: All the kinds of this Winter fruit must be planted against a wall, or else they will both seldome beare, and bring fewer also to ripenesse, comparable to the wall fruit: the kindes also are according to their lasting; for some will endure good much longer then others.
The Summer Bergomot is an excellent well rellished peare, flattish, & short, not long like others, of a meane bignesse, and of a darke yellowish greene colour on the outside.
The Winter Bergomot is of two or three sorts, being all of them small fruit, somewhat greener on the outside then the Summer kindes; all of them very delicate and good in their due time: for some will not be fit to bee eaten when others are well-nigh spent, euery of them outlasting another by a moneth or more.
The Diego peare is but a small peare, but an excellent well rellished fruit, tasting as if Muske had been put among it; many of them growe together, as it were in clusters.
The Duetete or double headed peare, so called of the forme, is a very good peare, not very great, of a russettish browne colour on the outside.
The Primating peare is a good moist peare, and early ripe.
The Geneting peare is a very good early ripe peare.
The greene Chesill is a delicate mellow peare, euen melting as it were in the mouth of the eater, although greenish on the outside.
The Catherine peare is knowne to all I thinke to be a yellow red sided peare, of a full waterish sweete taste, and ripe with the foremost.
The King Catherine is greater then the other, and of the same goodnesse, or rather better.
The Russet Catherine is a very good middle sized peare.
The Windsor peare is an excellent good peare, well knowne to most persons, and of a reasonable greatnesse: it will beare fruit some times twice in a yeare (and as it is said) three times in some places.
The Norwich peare is of two sorts, Summer and Winter, both of them good fruit, each in their season.
The Worster peare is blackish, a farre better peare to bake (when as it will be like a Warden, and as good) then to eate rawe; yet so it is not to be misliked.
The Muske peare is like vnto a Catherine peare for bignesse, colour, and forme; but farre more excellent in taste, as the very name importeth.
The Rosewater peare is a goodly faire peare, and of a delicate taste.
The Sugar peare is an early peare, very sweete, but waterish.
The Summer Popperin} both of them are very good dry } firme peares, somewhat spotted, The Winter Popperin} and brownish on the outside.
The greene Popperin is a winter fruit, of equall goodnesse with the former.
The Soueraigne peare, that which I haue seene and tasted, and so termed vnto me, was a small brownish yellow peare, but of a most dainty taste; but some doe take a kind of Bon Chretien, called the Elizabeth peare, to be the Soueraigne peare; how truely let others iudge.
The Kings peare is a very good and well tasted peare.
The peare Royall is a great peare, and of a good rellish.
The Warwicke peare is a reasonable faire and good peare.
The Greenfield peare is a very good peare, of a middle size.
The Lewes peare is a brownish greene peare, ripe about the end of September, a reasonable well rellished fruit, and very moist.
The Bishop peare is a middle sized peare, of a reasonable good taste, not very waterish; but this property is oftentimes seene in it, that before the fruit is gathered, (but more vsually those that fall of themselues, and the rest within a while after they are gathered) will be rotten at the core, when there will not be a spot or blemish to bee seene on the outside, or in all the peare, vntill you come neare the core.
The Wilford peare is a good and a faire peare.
The Bell peare a very good greene peare.
The Portingall peare is a great peare, but more goodly in shew then good indeed.
The Gratiola peare is a kinde of Bon Chretien, called the Cowcumber peare, or Spinola’s peare.
The Rowling peare is a good peare, but hard, and not good before it bee a little rowled or bruised, to make it eate the more mellow.
The Pimpe peare is as great as the Windsor peare, but rounder, and of a very good rellish.
The Turnep peare is a hard winter peare, not so good to eate rawe, as it is to bake.
The Arundell peare is most plentifull in Suffolke, and there commended to be a verie good peare.
The Berry peare is a Summer peare, reasonable faire and great, and of so good and wholsome a taste, that few or none take harme by eating neuer so many of them.
The Sand peare is a reasonable good peare, but small.
The Morley peare is a very good peare, like in forme and Colour vnto the Windsor, but somewhat grayer.
The peare pricke is very like vnto the Greenfield peare, being both faire, great, and good.
The good Rewell is a reasonable great peare, as good to bake as to eate rawe, and both wayes it is a good fruit.
The Hawkes bill peare is of a middle size, somewhat like vnto the Rowling peare.
The Petworth peare is a winter peare, and is great, somewhat long, faire, and good.
The Slipper peare is a reasonable good peare.
The Robert peare is a very good peare, plentifull in Suffolke and Norfolke.
The pound peare is a reasonable good peare, both to eate rawe, and to bake.
The ten pound peare, or the hundred pound peare, the truest and best, is the best Bon Chretien of Syon, so called, because the grafts cost the Master so much the fetching by the messengers expences, when he brought nothing else.
The Gilloflower peare is a winter peare, faire in shew, but hard, and not fit to bee eaten rawe, but very good to bake.
The peare Couteau is neither good one way nor other.
The Binsce peare is a reasonable good winter peare, of a russetish colour, and a small fruit: but will abide good a long while.
The Pucell is a greene peare, of an indifferent good taste.
The blacke Sorrell is a reasonable great long peare, of a darke red colour on the outside.
The red Sorrell is of a redder colour, else like the other.
The Surrine is no very good peare.
The Summer Hasting is a little greene peare, of an indifferent good rellish.
Peare Gergonell is an early peare, somewhat long, and of a very pleasant taste.
The white Genneting is a reasonable good peare, yet not equall to the other.
The Sweater is somewhat like the Windsor for colour and bignesse, but nothing neare of so good a taste.
The bloud red peare is of a darke red colour on the outside, but piercing very little into the inner pulpe.
The Hony peare is a long greene Summer peare.
The Winter peare is of many sorts, but this is onely so called, to bee distinguished from all other Winter peares, which haue seuerall names giuen them, and is a very good peare.
The Warden or Luke Wards peare of two sorts, both white and red, both great and small.
The Spanish Warden is greater then either of both the former, and better also.
The peare of Ierusalem, or the stript peare, whose barke while it is young, is as plainly seene to be stript with greene, red, and yellow, as the fruit it selfe is also, and is of a very good taste: being baked also, it is as red as the best Warden, whereof Master William Ward of Essex hath assured mee, who is the chiefe keeper of the Kings Granary at Whitehall.
Hereof likewise there is a wilde kinde no bigger then ones thumbe, and striped in the like manner, but much more.
The Choke peares, and other Wilde peares, both great and small, as they are not to furnish our Orchard, but the Woods, Forrests, Fields, and Hedges, so wee leaue them to their naturall places, and to them that keep them, and make good vse of them.
The Vse of Peares.
The most excellent sorts of Peares, serue (as I said before of Apples) to make an after-course for their masters table, where the goodnesse of his Orchard is tryed. They are dryed also, and so are an excellent repaste, if they be of the best kindes, fit for the purpose.
They are eaten familiarly of all sorts of people, of some for delight, and of others for nourishment, being baked, stewed, or scalded.
The red Warden and the Spanish Warden are reckoned among the most excellent of Peares, either to bake or to roast, for the sicke or for the sound: And indeede, the Quince and the Warden are the two onely fruits are permitted to the sicke, to eate at any time.
Perry, which is the iuyce of Peares pressed out, is a drinke much esteemed as well as Cyder, to be both drunke at home, and carried to the Sea, and found to be of good vse in long voyages.
The Perry made of Choke Peares, notwithstanding the harshnesse, and euill taste, both of the fruit when it is greene, as also of the iuyce when it is new made, doth yet after a few moneths become as milde and pleasant as wine, and will hardly bee knowne by the sight or taste from it: this hath beene found true by often experience; and therefore wee may admire the goodnesse of God, that hath giuen such faculty to so wilde fruits, altogether thought vselesse, to become vsefull, and apply the benefit thereof both to the comfort of our soules and bodies.
For the Physicall properties, if we doe as Galen teacheth vs, in secundo Alimentorum, referre the qualities of Peares to their seuerall tastes, as before he had done in Apples, we shall not neede to make a new worke; those that are harsh and sowre doe coole and binde, sweet do nourish and warme, and those betweene these, to haue middle vertues, answerable to their temperatures, &c.
Much more might be said, both of this and the other kinds of fruits; but let this suffice for this place and worke, vntill a more exact be accomplished.
CHAP. XXII.
Nux Iuglans. The Wallnut.
Although the Wallnut tree bee often planted in the middle of great Courtyards, where by reason of his great spreading armes it taketh vp a great deale of roome, his shadow reaching farre, so that scarce any thing can well grow neare it; yet because it is likewise planted in fit places or corners of Orchards, and that it beareth fruit or nuts, often brought to the table, especially while they are freshest, sweetest, and fitted to be eaten, let not my Orchard want his company, or you the knowledge of it. Some doe thinke that there are many sorts of them, because some are much greater then others, and some longer then others, and some haue a more frangible shell then others; but I am certainly perswaded, that the soyle and climate where they grow, are the whole and onely cause of the varieties and differences. Indeed Virginia hath sent vnto vs two sorts of Wallnuts, the one blacke, the other white, whereof as yet wee haue no further knowledge. And I know that Clusius reporteth, he tooke vp at a banquet a long Wallnut, differing in forme and tendernesse of shell from others, which being set, grew and bore farre tenderer leaues then the others and a little snipt about the edges, which (as I said) might alter with the soyle and climate: and besides you may obserue, that many of Clusius differences are very nice, and so I leaue it.
The Wallnut tree groweth very high and great, with a large and thicke body or trunke, couered with a thicke clouen whitish greene barke, tending to an ash colour; the armes are great, and spread farre, breaking out into smaller branches, whereon doe growe long & large leaues, fiue or seuen set together one against another, with an odde one at the end, somewhat like vnto ashen leaues, but farre larger, and not so many on a stalke, smooth, and somewhat reddish at the first springing, and tender also, of a reasonable good sent, but more strong and headie when they growe old: the fruit or nut is great and round, growing close to the stalkes of the leaues, either by couples or by three set together, couered with a double shell, that is to say, with a greene thicke and soft outer rinde, and an inner hard shell, within which the white kernell is contained, couered with a thinne yellow rinde or peeling, which is more easily peeled away while it is greene then afterwards, and is as it were parted into foure quarters, with a thinne wooddy peece parting it at the head, very sweete and pleasant while it is fresh, and for a while after the gathering; but the elder they growe, the harder and more oily: the catkins or blowings are long and yellow, made of many scaly leaues set close together, which come forth early in the Spring, and when they open and fall away, vpon their stalkes arise certaine small flowers, which turne into so many nuts.
The Vse of Wallnuts.
They are often serued to the table with other fruits while they abide fresh and sweete; and therefore many to keepe them fresh a long time haue deuised many wayes, as to put them into great pots, and bury them in the ground, and so take them out as they spend them, which is a very good way, and will keepe them long.
The small young nuts while they are tender, being preserued or candid, are vsed among other sorts of candid fruits, that serue at banquets.
The iuyce of the outer greene huskes are held to be a soueraigne remedy against either poyson, or plague, or pestilentiall feuer.
The distilled water of the huskes drunke with a little vinegar, if the fits growe hot and tedious, is an approued remedy for the same.
The water distilled from the leaues, is effectuall to be applyed to fluent or running vlcers, to dry and binde the humours.
Some haue vsed the pouder of the catkins in white wine, for the suffocation or strangling of the mother.
The oyle of Wallnuts is vsed to varnish Ioyners workes. As also is accounted farre to excell Linseede oyle, to mixe a white colour withall, that the colour bee not dimmed. It is of excellent vse for the coldnesse, hardnesse and contracting of the sinewes and ioynts, to warme, supple, and to extend them.
CHAP. XXIII.
Castanea Equina. The Horse Chesnut.
Although the ordinary Chesnut is not a tree planted in Orchards, but left to Woods, Parkes, and other such like places; yet wee haue another sort which wee haue noursed vp from the nuts sent vs from Turky, of a greater and more pleasant aspect for the faire leaues, and of as good vse for the fruit. It groweth in time to be a great tree, spreading with great armes and branches, whereon are set at seuerall distances goodly faire great greene leaues, diuided into six, seuen, or nine parts or leaues, euery one of them nicked about the edges, very like vnto the leaues of Ricinus, or Palma Christi, and almost as great: it beareth at the ends of the branches many flowers set together vpon a long stalke, consisting of foure white leaues a peece, with many threads in the middle, which afterwards turne into nuts, like vnto the ordinary Chesnuts, but set in rougher and more prickly huskes: the nuts themselues being rounder and blacker, with a white spot at the head of each, formed somewhat like an heart, and of a little sweeter taste.
The Vse of this Chesnut.
It serueth to binde and stop any maner of fluxe, be it of bloud or humours, either of the belly or stomacke; also the much spitting of bloud. They are roasted and eaten as the ordinary sort, to make them taste the better.
They are vsually in Turkie giuen to horses in their prouender, to cure them of coughes, and helpe them being broken winded.
CHAP. XXIIII.
Morus. The Mulberrie.
There are two sorts of Mulberries sufficiently known to most, the blackish and the white: but wee haue had brought vs from Virginia another sort, which is of greater respect then eyther of the other two, not onely in regard of the raritie, but of the vse, as you shall presently vnderstand.
1. Morus nigra. The blacke Mulberrie.
The blacke Mulberrie tree groweth oftentimes tall and great, and oftentimes also crooked, and spreading abroade, rather then high; for it is subiect to abide what forme you will conforme it vnto: if by suffering it to grow, it will mount vp, and if you will binde it, or plash the boughes, they will so abide, and be carried ouer arbours, or other things as you will haue it. The bodie groweth in time to bee very great, couered with a rugged or thicke barke, the armes or branches being smoother, whereon doe grow round thicke leaues pointed at the ends, and nicked about the edges, and in some there are to be seene deep gashes, making it seeme somewhat like the Vine leafe: the flowers are certaine short dounie catkings, which turne into greene berries at the first, afterwards red, and when they are full ripe blacke, made of many graines set together, like vnto the blacke berrie, but longer and greater: before they are ripe, they haue an austere and harsh taste, but when they are full ripe, they are more sweete and pleasant; the iuice whereof is so red, that it will staine the hands of them that handle and eate them.
2. Morus alba. The white Mulberrie.
The white Mulberrie tree groweth not with vs to that greatnesse or bulke of bodie that the blacke doth, but runneth vp higher, slenderer, more knotty, hard and brittle, with thinner spreade armes and branches: the leaues are like the former, but not so thicke set on the branches, nor so hard in handling, a little paler also, hauing somewhat longer stalkes: the fruit is smaller and closer set together, greene, and somewhat harsh before they be ripe, but of a wonderfull sweetnesse, almost ready to procure loathing when they are thorough ripe, and white, with such like seede in them as in the former, but smaller.
3. Morus Virginiana. The Virginia Mulberrie.
The Virginia Mulberry tree groweth quickely with vs to be a very great tree, spreading many armes and branches, whereon grow faire great leaues, very like vnto the leaues of the white Mulberrie tree: the berry or fruit is longer and redder then either of the other, and of a very pleasant taste.
The Vse of Mulberries.
The greatest and most especiall vse of the planting of white Mulberries, is for the feeding of Silke wormes, for which purpose all the Easterne Countries, as Persia, Syria, Armenia, Arabia &c. and also the hither part of Turkie, Spaine also and Italie, and many other hot Countries doe nourish them, because it is best for that purpose, the wormes feeding thereon, giuing the finest and best silke; yet some are confident that the leaues of the blacke will doe as much good as the white: but that respect must be had to change your seede, because therein lyeth the greatest mysterie. But there is a Booke or Tractate printed, declaring the whole vse of whatsoeuer can belong vnto them: I will therefore referre them thereunto, that would further vnderstand of that matter.
Mulberries are not much desired to be eaten, although they be somewhat pleasant, both for that they staine their fingers and lips that eate them, and doe quickly putrefie in the stomacke, if they bee not taken before meate.
They haue yet a Physicall vse, which is by reason of the astringent quality while they are red, and before they bee ripe, for sore mouthes and throats, or the like, whereunto also the Syrup, called Diamoron, is effectuall.
Corollarium.
A COROLLARIE
To this Orchard.
There are certaine other trees that beare no fruit fit to bee eaten, which yet are often seene planted in Orchards, and other fit and conuenient places about an house, whereof some are of especiall vse, as the Bay tree &c. others for their beauty and shadow are fit for walkes or arbours; some being euer green are most fit for hedge-rowes; and some others more for their raritie then for any other great vse, whereof I thought good to entreat apart by themselues, and bring them after the fruit trees of this Orchard, as an ornament to accomplish the same.
1. Laurus. The Bay tree.
There are to bee reckoned vp fiue kindes of Bay trees, three whereof haue been entreated of in the first part, a fourth wee will only bring here to your consideration, which is that kinde that is vsually planted in euery mans yard or orchard, for their vse throughout the whole land, the other we will leaue to bee considered of in that place is fit for it.
The Bay tree riseth vp oftentimes to carry the face of a tree of a meane bignesse in our Countrey (although much greater in the hoter) and oftentimes shooteth vp with many suckers from the roote, shewing it selfe more like to a tall shrubbe or hedge-bush, then a tree, hauing many branches, the young ones whereof are sometimes reddish, but most vsually of a light or fresh greene colour, when the stemme and elder boughes are couered with a darke greene barke: the leaues are somewhat broad, and long pointed as it were at both the ends, hard and sometimes crumpled on the edges, of a darke greene colour aboue, and of a yellowish greene vnderneath, in smell sweet, in taste bitter, and abiding euer greene: the flowers are yellow and mossie, which turne into berries that are a little long as well as round, whose shell or outermost peele is greene at the first, and black when it is ripe; wherein is contained an hard bitter kernell, which cleaueth in two parts.
The Vse of Bayes.
The Bay leaues are of as necessary vse as any other in Garden or Orchard; for they serue both for pleasure and profit, both for ornament and for vse, both for honest Ciuill vses, and for Physicke, yea both for the sicke and for the sound, both for the liuing and for the dead: And so much might be said of this one tree, that if it were all told, would as well weary the Reader, as the Relater: but to explaine my selfe; It serueth to adorne the house of God as well as of man: to procure warmth, comfort and strength to the limmes of men and women, by bathings and annoyntings outward, and by drinkes &c. inward to the stomacke, and other parts: to season vessels &c. wherein are preserued our meates, as well as our drinkes: to crowns or encircle as with a garland, the heads of the liuing, and to sticke and decke forth the bodies of the dead: so that from the cradle to the graue we haue still vse of it, we haue still neede of it.
The berries likewise serue for stitches inward, and for paines outward, that come of cold eyther in the ioynts, sinewes, or other places.
2. Laurea Cerasus, siue Laurus Virginiana. The Virginian Bay, or Cherry Baye.
This Virginian (whether you will call it a Baye, or a Cherrie, or a Cherrie Bay, I leaue it to euery ones free will and iudgement, but yet I thinke I may as well call it a Bay as others a Cherrie, neither of them being answerable to the tree, which neyther beareth such berries as are like Cherries, neither beareth euer greene leaues like the Bay: if it may therefore bee called the Virginia Cherry Bay, for a distinction from the former Bay Cherry that beareth faire blacke Cherries, it will more fitly agree thereunto, vntill a more proper may be imposed) riseth vp to be a tree of a reasonable height, the stemme or bodie thereof being almost as great as a mans legge, spreading forth into diuers armes or boughes, and they againe into diuers small branches, whereon are set without order diuers faire broade greene leaues, somewhat like vnto the former Bay leaues, but more limber and gentle, and not so hard in handling, broader also, and for the most part ending in a point but in many somewhat round pointed, very finely notched or toothed about the edges, of a bitter taste, very neere resembling the taste of the Bay leafe, but of little or no sent at all, either greene or dryed, which fall away euery autumne, and spring afresh euery yeare: the blossomes are small and white, many growing together vpon a long stalke, somewhat like the Bird Cherry blossomes, but smaller, and come forth at the ends of the young branches, which after turne into small berries, euery one set in a small cup or huske, greene at the first, and blacke when they are ripe, of the bignesse of a small pease, of a strong bitter taste, and somewhat aromaticall withall, but without any fleshy substance like a Cherry at all vpon it; for it is altogether like a berry.
The Vse of this Virginia Cherry Bay.
Being a stranger in our Land, and possessed but of a very few, I doe not heare that there hath beene any triall made thereof what properties are in it: let this therefore suffice for this present, to haue shewed you the description and forme thereof, vntill we can learne further of his vses.
3. Pinus. The Pine tree.
My purpose in this place is not to shew you all the diuersities of Pine trees, or of the rest that follow, but of that one kinde is planted in many places of our Land for ornament and delight, and there doth reasonably well abide: take it therefore into this Orchard, for the raritie and beautie of it, though we haue little other vse of it.
The Pine tree groweth with vs, though slowely, to a very great height in many places, with a great straight bodie, couered with a grayish greene barke, the younger branches are set round about, with very narrow long whitish greene leaues, which fall away from the elder, but abide on the younger, being both winter and summer alwaies greene. It hath growing in sundry places on the branches, certaine great hard wooddy clogs (called of some apples, of others nuts) composed of many hard wooddy scales, or tuberous knobs, which abide for the most part alwaies greene in our Countrey, and hardly become brownish, as in other Countries, where they haue more heat and comfort of the Sun, and where the scales open themselues; wherein are contained white long and round kernels, very sweete while they are fresh, but quickely growing oylely and rancide.
The Vse of the Pine apples and kernels.
The Cones or Apples are vsed of diuers Vintners in this City, being painted, to expresse a bunch of grapes, whereunto they are very like, and are hung vp in their bushes, as also to fasten keyes vnto them, as is seene in many places.
The kernels within the hard shels, while they are fresh or newly taken out, are vsed many waies, both with Apothecaries, Comfit-makers, and Cookes: for of them are made medicines, good to lenifie the pipes and passages of the lungs and throate, when it is hoarse. Of them are made Comfits, Pastes, Marchpanes, and diuers other such like: And with them a cunning Cooke can make diuers Keck shoses for his Masters table.
Matthiolus commendeth the water of the greene apples distilled, to take away the wrinkles in the face, to abate the ouer-swelling breasts of Maidens, by fomenting them after with linnen clothes, wet in the water; and to restore such as are rauisht into better termes.
4. Abies. The Firre tree.
The Firre tree groweth naturally higher then any other tree in these parts of Christendome where no Cedars grow, and euen equalling or ouer-topping the Pine: the stemme or bodie is bare without branches for a great height, if they bee elder trees, and then branching forth at one place of the bodie foure wayes in manner of a crosse, those boughes againe hauing two branches at euery ioynt, on which are set on all sides very thicke together many small narrow long hard whitish greene leaues, and while they are young tending to yellownesse, but nothing so long or hard or sharpe pointed as the Pine tree leaues, growing smaller and shorter to the end of the branches: the bloomings are certaine small long scaly catkins, of a yellowish colour, comming forth at the ioynts of the branches, which fall away: the cones are smaller and longer then of the Pine tree, wherein are small three square seede contained, not halfe so big as the Pine kernels.
The Vse of the Firre tree.
The vse of this tree is growne with vs of late daies to bee more frequent for the building of houses then euer before: for hereof (namely of Deale timber and Deale boords) are framed many houses, and their floores, without the helpe of any other timber or boord of any other tree almost; as also for many other workes and purposes. The yellow Rossen that is vsed as well to make salues as for many other common vses, is taken from this tree, as the Pitch is both from the Pitch and Pine trees, and is boyled to make it to bee hard, but was at the first a yellow thin cleere Turpentine, and is that best sort of common Turpentine is altogether in vse with vs, as also another more thicke, whitish, and troubled, both which are vsed in salues, both for man and beast (but not inwardly as the cleere white Venice Turpentine is) and serueth both to draw, cleanse and heale. Dodonæus seemeth to say, that the cleere white Turpentine, called Venice Turpentine, is drawn from the Firre: but Matthiolus confuteth that opinion, which Fulsius also held before him.
5. Ilex arbor. The euer-greene Oake.
The Ilex or euer-greene Oake riseth in time to be a very great tree, but very long and slow in growing (as is to be seene in the Kings priuy Garden at Whitehall, growing iust against the backe gate that openeth into the way going to Westminster, and in some other places) spreading many fair large great armes and branches, whereon are set small and hard greene leaues, somewhat endented or cornered, and prickly on the edges, especially in the young trees, and sometimes on those branches that are young and newly sprung forth from the elder rootes, but else in a manner all smooth in the elder growne, abiding greene all the winter as well as summer, and are of a grayish greene on the vnderside. It beareth in the spring time certaine slender long branches (like as other Okes doe) with small yellowish mossie flowers on them, which fall away, and are vnprofitable, the acornes not growing from those places, but from others which are like vnto those of our ordinary Oake, but smaller and blacker, and set in a more rugged huske or cuppe. This and no other kinde of Ilex doe I know to grow in all our land in any Garden or Orchard: for that kind with long and narrower leaues, and not prickly, growing so plentifully as Matthiolus saith in Tuscane, I haue not seen: and it is very probable to bee the same that Plinie remembreth to haue the leafe of an Oliue; but not as some would haue it, that Smilax Theophrastus maketh mention of in his third Booke and sixteenth Chapter of his Historie of Plants, which the Arcadians so called, and had the leafe of the Ilex, but not prickly: for Theophrastus saith, the timber of Smilax is smooth and soft, and this of the Ilex is harder, and stronger then an Oake.
The Vse of the Ilex or euer-greene Oake.
Seeing this is to be accounted among the kindes of Oake (and all Oakes by Dioscorides his opinion are binding) it is also of the same qualitie, but a little weaker, and may serue to strengthen weake members. The young tops and leaues are also vsed in gargles for the mouth and throate.
6. Cupressus. The Cypresse tree.
The Cypresse tree that is noursed vp by vs, in our Country, doth grow in those places where it hath beene long planted, to a very great height, whose bodie and boughes are couered with a reddish ash-coloured bark; the branches grow not spreading, but vpright close vnto the bodie, bushing thicke below, and small vpwards, spire fashion, those below reaching neere halfe the way to them aboue, whereon doe grow euer greene leaues, small, long and flat, of a resinous sweete smell, and strong taste, somewhat bitter: the fruit, which are called nuts, grow here and there among the boughes, sticking close vnto them, which are small, and clouen into diuers parts, but close while they are young, of a russetish browne colour; wherein are contained small browne seede, but not so small as motes in the Sunne, as Matthiolus and others make them to be.
The Vse of the Cypresse tree.
For the goodly proportion this tree beareth, as also for his euer-greene head, it is and hath beene of great account with all Princes, both beyond, and on this side of the Sea, to plant them in rowes on both sides of some spatious walke, which by reason of their high growing, and little spreading, must be planted the thicker together, and so they giue a goodly, pleasant and sweet shadow: or else alone, if they haue not many, in the middle of some quarter, or as they thinke meete. The wood thereof is firme and durable, or neuer decaying, of a brown yellow colour, and of a strong sweete smell, whereof Chests or Boxes are made to keepe apparell, linnen, furres, and other things, to preserue them from moths, and to giue them a good smell.
Many Physicall properties, both wood, leaues and nuts haue, which here is not my purpose to vnfold, but only to tell you, that the leaues being boyled in wine, and drunke, helpe the difficultie of making vrine, and that the nuts are binding, fit to bee vsed to stay fluxes or laskes, and good also for ruptures.
7. Arbutus. The Strawberry tree.
The Strawberry tree groweth but slowly, and riseth not to the height of any great tree, no not in France, Italy, or Spaine: and with vs the coldnesse of our country doth the more abate his vigour, so that it seldome riseth to the height of a man: the barke of the body is rough, and smooth in the younger branches: the leaues are faire and greene, very like vnto Baye leaues, finely dented or snipped about the edges, abiding alwayes greene thereon both Winter and Summer: the flowers come forth at the end of the branches vpon long stalkes, not clustering thicke together, but in long bunches, and are small, white, and hollow, like a little bottle, or the flower of Lilly Conually, which after turne into rough or rugged berries, most like vnto Strawberries (which hath giuen the name to the tree) somewhat reddish when they are ripe, of a harsh taste, nothing pleasant, wherein are contained many small seedes: It hardly bringeth his fruit to ripenesse in our countrey; for in their naturall places they ripen not vntill Winter, which there is much milder then with vs.
The Vse of the Strawberry tree.
Amatus Lusitanus I thinke is the first that euer recorded, that the water distilled from the leaues and flowers hereof, should bee very powerfull against the plague and poysons: for all the ancient Writers doe report, that the fruit hereof being eaten, is an enemy to the stomacke and head. And Clusius likewise setteth downe, that at Lishbone, and other places in Portingall where they are frequent, they are chiefly eaten, but of the poorer sort, women and boyes. They are somewhat astringent or binding, and therefore may well serue for fluxes. It is chiefly noursed with vs for the beauty and rarenesse of the tree; for that it beareth his leaues alwayes green.
8. Alaternus. The euer greene Priuet.
The tree which we haue growing in our country called Alaternus, groweth not to be a tree of any height; but abiding lowe, spreadeth forth many branches, whereon are set diuers small and hard, greene leaues, somewhat round for the forme, and endented a little by the edges: it beareth many small whitish greene flowers at the ioynts of the stalkes, and setting on of the lower leaues clustering thicke together, which after turne into small blacke berries, wherein are contained many small graines or seedes: the beauty and verdure of these leaues abiding so fresh all the yeare, doth cause it to be of the greater respect; and therefore findeth place in their Gardens onely, that are curious conseruers of all natures beauties.
The Vse of the euer greene Priuet.
It is seldome vsed for any Physicall property, neither with vs, nor in the places where it is naturall and plentifull: but as Clusius reporteth, hee learned that the Portingall Fishermen do dye their nets red with the decoction of the barke hereof, and that the Dyers in those parts doe vse the small peeces of the wood to strike a blackish blew colour.
9. Celastrus Theophrasti Clusio. Clusius his Celastrus.
Although the Collectour (who is thought to be Ioannes Molineus of the great Herball or History of plants, and generally bearing Daleschampius name, because the finding and relation of diuers herbes therein expressed, is appropriate to him, and printed at Lyons) of all our moderne Writers doth first of all others appoint the Celastrus, whereof Theophrastus onely among all the ancient Writers of plants maketh mention, to be the first Alaternus that Clusius hath set forth in his History of rarer plants: yet I finde, that Clusius himselfe before his death doth appropriate that Celastrus of Theophrastus to another plant, growing in the Garden at Leyden, which formerly of diuers had beene taken to be a kinde of Laurus Tinus, or the wilde Baye; but he impugning that opinion for diuers respects, decyphreth out that Leyden tree in the same manner that I doe: and because it is not onely faire, in bearing his leaues alwayes greene, but rare also, being noursed vp in our Land in very few places, but principally with a good old Lady, the widow of Sir Iohn Leuson, dwelling neere Rochester in Kent; I thought it fit to commend it for an ornament, to adorne this our Garden and Orchard. It groweth vp to the height of a reasonable tree, the body whereof is couered with a darke coloured barke, as the elder branches are in like manner; the younger branches being greene, whereon are set diuers leaues thicke together, two alwayes at a ioynt, one against another, of a sad but faire greene colour on the vpperside, and paler vnderneath, which are little or nothing at all snipped about the edges, as large as the leaues of the Laurus Tinus, or wilde Baye tree: at the end of the young branches breake forth between the leaues diuers small stalkes, with foure or fiue flowers on each of them, of a yellowish greene colour, which turne into small berries, of the bignesse of blacke Cherries, greene at the first, and red when they begin to be ripe, but growing blacke if they hang too long vpon the branches, wherein is contained a hard shell, and a white hard kernell within it, couered with a yellowish skin. This abideth (as I said before) with greene leaues as well Winter as Summer; and therefore fittest to be planted among other of the same nature, to make an euer greene hedge.
The Vse of Clusius his Celastrus.
Being so great a stranger in this part of the Christian world, I know none hath made tryall of what property it is, but that the taste of the leaues is somewhat bitter.
10. Pyracantha. The euer greene Hawthorne, or prickly Corall tree.
This euer greene shrubbe is so fine an ornament to a Garden or Orchard, either to be noursed vp into a small tree by it selfe, by pruining and taking away the suckers and vnder branches, or by suffering it to grow with suckers, thicke and plashing the branches into a hedge, for that it is plyable to be ordered either way; that I could not but giue you the knowledge thereof, with the description in this manner. The younger branches are couered with a smooth darke blewish greene barke, and the elder with a more ash coloured, thicke set with leaues without order, some greater and others smaller, somewhat like both in forme and bignesse vnto the leaues of the Barberry tree, but somewhat larger, and more snipt about the edges, of a deeper green colour also, and with small long thornes scattered here & there vpon the branches: the flowers come forth as well at the ends of the branches, as at diuers places at the ioynts of the leaues, standing thicke together, of a pale whitish colour, a little dasht ouer with a shew of blush, consisting of fiue leaues a peece, with some small threads in the middle, which turne into berries, very like vnto Hawthorne berries, but much redder and dryer, almost like polished Corall, wherein are contained foure or fiue small yellowish white three square seede, somewhat shining. It is thought to be the Oxyacantha of Dioscorides; but seeing Dioscorides doth explaine the forme of the leafe in his Chapter of Medlars, which he concealed in the Chapter of Oxyacantha, it cannot be the same: for Mespilus Anthedon of Theophrastus, or Aronia of Dioscorides, hath the leafe of Oxyacantha, as Dioscorides saith, or of Smalladge, as Theophrastus, which cannot agree to this Thorne; but doth most liuely delineate out our white Thorne or Hawthorne, that now there is no doubt, but that Oxyacantha of Dioscorides is the Hawthorne tree or bush.
The Vse of this Corall tree.
Although Lobel maketh mention of this tree to grow both in Italy, and Prouence in France, in some of their hedges, yet he saith it is neglected in the naturall places, and to be of no vse with them: neither doe I heare, that it is applyed to any Physicall vse with vs, but (as I before said) it is preserued with diuers as an ornament to a Garden or Orchard, by reason of his euer greene leaues, and red berries among them, being a pleasant spectacle, and fit to be brought into the forme of an hedge, as one please to lead it.
11. Taxus. The Yewe tree.
The Yewe tree groweth with vs in many places to bee a reasonable great tree, but in hoter countries much bigger, couered with a reddish gray scaly barke; the younger branches are reddish likewise, whereon grow many winged leaues, that is, many narrow long darke greene leaues, set on both sides of a long stalke or branch, neuer dying or falling away, but abiding on perpetually, except it be on the elder boughes: the flowers are small, growing by the leaues, which turne into round red berries, like vnto red Asparagus berries, in taste sweetish, with a little bitternesse, and causing no harme to them for any thing hath been knowne in our country.
The Vse of the Yewe tree.
It is found planted both in the corners of Orchards, and against the windowes of Houses, to be both a shadow and an ornament, in being alwayes greene, and to decke vp Houses in Winter: but ancient Writers haue euer reckoned it to be dangerous at the least, if not deadly.
12. Buxus. The Boxe tree.
The Boxe tree in some places is a reasonable tall tree, yet growing slowly; the trunke or body whereof is of the bignesse of a mans thigh, which is the biggest that euer I saw: but sometimes, and in other places it groweth much lower, vsually not aboue a yard, or a yard and a halfe high, on the backe sides of many Houses, and in the Orchards likewise: the leaues are small, thicke and hard, and still the greater or lesser the tree is, the greater or lesser are the leaues, round pointed, and of a fresh shining greene colour: the flowers are small and greenish, which turne into heads or berries, with foure hornes, whitish on the outside, and with reddish seede within them.
[Sidenote: Buxus aureus. Gilded Boxe.]
There is another kinde hereof but lately come to our knowledge, which differeth not in any thing from the former, but onely that all the leaues haue a yellow lift or gard about the edge of them on the vpperside, and none on the lower, which maketh it seeme very beautifull; and is therefore called gilded Boxe.
[Sidenote: Buxus humilis. Dwarfe Boxe.]
We haue yet another kinde of Boxe, growing small and lowe, not aboue halfe a foote, or a foote high at the most, vnlesse it be neglected, which then doth grow a little more shrubby, bearing the like leaues, but smaller, according to the growth, and of a deeper greene colour: I could neuer know that this kinde euer bore flower or seede, but is propagated by slipping the roote, which encreaseth very much.
The Vse of Boxe.
The wood of the Boxe tree is vsed in many kindes of small works among Turners, because it is hard, close, and firme, and as some haue said, the roots much more, in regard of the diuers waues and crooked veines running through it. It hath no Physicall vse among the most and best Physitians, although some haue reported it to stay fluxes, and to be as good as the wood of Guaiacum, or Lignum vitæ for the French disease. The leaues and branches serue both Summer and Winter to decke vp houses; and are many times giuen to horses for the bots.
The lowe or dwarfe Boxe is of excellent vse to border vp a knot, or the long beds in a Garden, being a maruailous fine ornament thereunto, in regard it both groweth lowe, is euer greene, and by cutting may bee kept in what maner euery one please, as I haue before spoken more largely.
13. Sabina. The Sauine tree or bush.
The Sauine tree or bush that is most vsuall in our country, is a small lowe bush, not so high as a man in any place, nor so bigge in the stemme or trunke as a mans arme, with many crooked bending boughes and branches, whereon are set many small, short, hard, and prickly leaues, of a darke green colour, fresh and green both Winter and Summer: it is reported, that in the naturall places it beareth small blacke berries, like vnto Iuniper, but with vs it was neuer knowne to beare any.
The Vse of Sauine.
It is planted in out-yards, backsides, or voide places of Orchards, as well to cast clothes thereon to dry, as for medicines both for men and horses: being made into an oyle, it is good to annoint childrens bellies for to kill the Wormes: and the powder thereof mixed with Hogs grease, to annoint the running sores or scabs in their heads; but beware how you giue it inwardly to men, women, or children. It is often put into horses drenches, to helpe to cure them of the bots, and other diseases.
14. Paliurus. Christs thorne.
This thorny shrubbe (wherewith as it is thought, our Sauiour Christ was crowned, because as those that haue trauelled through Palestina and Iudæa, doe report no other thorne doth grow therein so frequent, or so apt to be writhed) riseth in some places to a reasonable height, but in our country seldome exceedeth the height of a man, bearing many slender branches, full of leaues, set on either side thereof one by one, which are somewhat broad and round, yet pointed, and full of veines, thicke set also with small thornes, euen at the foote of euery branch, and at the foote of euery leafe one or two, some standing vpright, others a little bending downe: the flowers are small and yellow, standing for the most part at the end of the branches, many growing vpon a long stalke, which after turne into round, flat, and hard shelly fruit, yet couered with a soft fleshy skinne, within which are included two or three hard, small, and browne flat seeds, lying in seuerall partitions. The leaues hereof fall away euery yeare, and spring forth afresh againe the next May following. The rarity and beauty of this shrubbe, but chiefly (as I thinke) the name hath caused this to be much accounted of with all louers of plants.
The Vse of Christs thorne.
Wee haue so few of these shrubbes growing in our country, and those that are, doe, for any thing I can vnderstand, neuer beare fruit with vs; that there is no other vse made hereof then to delight the owners: but this is certainly receiued for the Paliurus of Dioscorides and Theophrastus, and thought also by Matthiolus to be the very true Rhamnus tertius of Dioscorides. Matthiolus also seemeth to contradict the opinion is held by the Physitians of Mompelier, and others, that it cannot be the Paliurus of Theophrastus. It is held to be effectuall to helpe to breake the stone, both in the bladder, reines, and kidneyes; the leaues and young branches haue an astringent quality, and good against poysons and the bitings of serpents.
15. Larix. The Larch tree.
The Larch tree, where it naturally groweth, riseth vp to be as tall as the Pine or Firre tree, but in our Land being rare, and noursed vp but with a few, and those onely louers of rarities, it groweth both slowly, and becommeth not high: the barke hereof is very rugged and thicke, the boughes and branches grow one aboue another in a very comely order, hauing diuers small yellowish knobs or bunches set thereon at seuerall distances; from whence doe yearely shoote forth many small, long, and narrow smooth leaues together, both shorter and smaller, and not so hard or sharpe pointed as either the Pine or Firre tree leaues, which doe not abide the Winter as they doe, but fall away euery yeare, as other trees which shed their leaues, and gaine fresh euery Spring: the blossomes are very beautifull and delectable, being of an excellent fine crimson colour, which standing among the greene leaues, allure the eyes of the beholders to regard it with the more desire: it also beareth in the naturall places (but not in our Land that I could heare) small soft cones or fruit, somewhat like vnto Cypresse nuts, when they are greene and close.
The Vse of the Larch tree.
The coles of the wood hereof (because it is so hard and durable as none more) is held to be of most force being fired, to cause the Iron oare to melt, which none other would doe so well. Matthiolus contesteth against Fuchsius, for deeming the Venice Turpentine to be the liquid Rossen of the Firre tree, which he assureth vpon his owne experience and certaine knowledge, to be drawne from this Larch tree, and none other; which cleere Turpintine is altogether vsed inwardly, and no other, except that of the true Turpintine tree, and is very effectuall to cleanse the reines, kidneyes, and bladder, both of grauell and the stone, and to prouoke vrine: it is also of especiall property for the gonorrhæa, or running of the reines, as it is called, with some powder of white Amber mixed therewith, taken for certaine dayes together. Taken also in an Electuary, it is singular good for to expectorate rotten flegme, and to helpe the consumption of the lungs. It is vsed in plaisters and salues, as the best sort of Turpintine. The Agaricke that is vsed in physicke, is taken from the bodies and armes of this tree. And Matthiolus doth much insist against Brasauolus, that thought other trees had produced Agaricke, affirming them to be hard Fungi, or Mushroms (such as wee call Touch-wood) wherwith many vse to take fire, strooke thereinto from steele.
16. Tilia. The Line or Linden tree.
There are two sorts of Line trees, the male and the female; but because the male is rare to be seene, and the female is more familiar, I will onely giue you the description of the female, and leaue the other.
The female Line tree groweth exceeding high and great, like vnto an Elme, with many large spreading boughes, couered with a smooth barke, the innermost being very plyant and bending from whence come smaller branches, all of them so plyable, that they may bee led or carried into any forme you please: the leaues thereon are very faire, broad, and round, somewhat like vnto Elme leaues, but fairer, smoother, and of a fresher greene colour, dented finely about the edges, and ending in a sharpe point: the flowers are white, and of a good smell, many standing together at the top of a stalke, which runneth all along the middle ribbe of a small long whitish leafe; after which come small round berries, wherein is contained small blackish seede: this tree is wholly neglected by those that haue them, or dwell neere them, because they suppose it to be fruitlesse, in regard it beareth chaffie huskes, which in many places fall away, without giuing ripe seede.
The Vse of the Line tree.
It is planted both to make goodly Arbours, and Summer banquetting houses, either belowe vpon the ground, the boughes seruing very handsomely to plash round about it, or vp higher, for a second aboue it, and a third also: for the more it is depressed, the better it will grow. And I haue seene at Cobham in Kent, a tall or great bodied Line tree, bare without boughes for eight foote high, and then the branches were spread round about so orderly, as if it were done by art, and brought to compasse that middle Arbour: And from those boughes the body was bare againe for eight or nine foote (wherein might bee placed halfe an hundred men at the least, as there might be likewise in that vnderneath this) & then another rowe of branches to encompasse a third Arbour, with stayres made for the purpose to this and that vnderneath it: vpon the boughes were laid boards to tread vpon, which was the goodliest spectacle mine eyes euer beheld for one tree to carry.
The coles of the wood are the best to make Gunpowder. And being kindled, and quenched in vinegar, are good to dissolue clotted bloud in those that are bruised with a fall. The inner barke being steeped in water yeeldeth a slimie iuyce, which is found by experience, to be very profitable for them that haue been burnt with fire.
17. Tamarix. Tamariske tree.
The Tamariske tree that is common in our country, although in some places it doth not grow great, yet I haue seene it in some other, to be as great as a great apple tree in the body, bearing great arms; from whose smaller branches spring forth young slender red shootes, set with many very fine, small, and short leaues, a little crisped, like vnto the leaues of Sauine, not hard or rough, but soft and greene: the flowers be white mossie threads, which turne into dounie seede, that is carried away with the winde.
[Sidenote: Tamariscus solijs albidis. White Tamariske.]
There is another kinde hereof very beautifull and rare, not to be seene in this Land I thinke, but with Mʳ. William Ward, the Kings seruant in his Granary, before remembred, who brought me a small twigge to see from his house at Boram in Essex, whose branches are all red while they are young, and all the leaues white, abiding so all the Summer long, without changing into any shew of greene like the other and so abideth constant yeare after yeare, yet shedding the leaues in Winter like the other.
The Vse of Tamariske.
The greatest vse of Tamariske is for spleneticke diseases, either the leaues or the barke made into drinkes; or the wood made into small Cans or Cups to drinke in.
18. Acer maius latifolium. The great Maple or Sycomore tree.
The Sycomore tree, as we vsually call it (and is the greatest kind of Maple, cherished in our Land onely in Orchards, or elsewhere for shade and walkes, both here in England, and in some other countries also) groweth quickly to bee a faire spreading great tree, with many Boughes and branches, whose barke is somewhat smooth: the leaues are very great, large, and smooth, cut into foure or fiue diuisions, and ending into so many corners, euery one standing on a long reddish stalke: the bloomings are of a yellowish green colour, growing many together on each side of a long stalke, which after turne into long and broad winged seede, two alwaies standing together on a stalke, and bunched out in the middle, where the seed or kernell lyeth, very like vnto the common Maple growing wilde abroad, but many more together, and larger.
The Vse of the Sycomore tree.
It is altogether planted for shady walkes, and hath no other vse with vs that I know.
19. Nux Vesicaria. The bladder Nut.
This tree groweth not very high, but is of a meane stature, when it is preserued and pruined to grow vpright, or else it shooteth forth many twigges from the rootes, and so is fit to plant in a hedge rowe, as it is vsed in some places: the body and armes are couered with a whitish greene barke: the branches and leaues on them are like vnto the Elder, hauing three or fiue leaues set one against another, with one of them at the end, each whereof is nicked or dented about the edges: the flowers are sweete and white, many growing together on a long stalke, hanging downeward, in forme resembling a small Daffodill, hauing a small round cup in the middle, and leaues about it: after which come the fruit, inclosed in russetish greene bladders, containing one or two brownish nuts, lesser then Hasell nuts, whose outer shell is not hard and woody, like the shell of a nut, but tough, and hard withall, not easie to breake, within which is a greene kernell, sweetish at the first, but lothsome afterwards, ready to procure casting, and yet liked of some people, who can well endure to eate them.
The Vse of the Bladder Nut.
The greatest vse that I know the tree or his fruit is put vnto, is, that it is receiued into an Orchard, either for the rarity of the kinde, being suffered to grow into a tree, or (as I said before) to make an hedge, being let grow into suckers.
Some Quacksaluers haue vsed these nuts as a medicine of rare vertue for the stone, but what good they haue done, I neuer yet could learne.
20. Rhus Myrtifolia. The Mirtle leafed Sumach.
This lowe shrubbe groweth seldome to the height of a man, hauing many slender branches, and long winged leaues set thereon, euery one whereof is of the bignesse of the broad or large Mirtle leafe, and set by couples all the length of the ribbe, running through the middle of them. It beareth diuers flowers at the tops of the branches, made of many purple threads, which turne into small blacke berries, wherein are contained small, white, and rough seed, somewhat like vnto Grape kernels or stones. This vseth to dye down to the ground in my Garden euery Winter, and rise vp again euery Spring, whether the nature thereof were so, or the coldnesse of our climate the cause thereof, I am not well assured. It is also rare, and to be seen but with a few.
The Vse of this Sumach.
It is vsed to thicken or tanne leather or hides, in the same manner that the ordinary Sumach doth; as also to stay fluxes both in men and women.
21. Rhus Virginiana. The Virginia Sumach, or Buckes horne tree of Virginia.
This strange tree becommeth in some places to bee of a reasonable height and bignesse, the wood whereof is white, soft, and pithy in the middle, like vnto an Elder, couered with a darke coloured barke, somewhat smooth: the young branches that are of the last yeares growth are somewhat reddish or browne, very soft and smooth in handling, and so like vnto the Veluet head of a Deere, that if one were cut off from the tree, and shewed by it selfe, it might soone deceiue a right good Woodman, and as they grow seeme most like thereunto, yeelding a yellowish milke when it is broken, which in a small time becommeth thicke like a gumme: the leaues grow without order on the branches, but are themselues set in a seemly order on each side of a middle ribbe, seuen, nine, ten, or more on a side, and one at the end, each whereof are somewhat broad and long, of a darke greene colour on the vpperside, and paler greene vnderneath, finely snipped or toothed round about the edges: at the ends of the branches come forth long and thicke browne tufts, very soft, and as it were woolly in handling, made all of short threads or thrums; from among which appeare many small flowers, much more red or crimson then the tufts, which turne into a very small seede: the roote shooteth forth young suckers farre away, and round about, whereby it is mightily encreased.
The Vse of this Sumach.
It is onely kept as a rarity and ornament to a Garden or Orchard, no bodie, that I can heare of, hauing made any tryall of the Physicall properties.
22. Vitis, seu potius Hedera Virginensis. The Virginia Vine, or rather Iuie.
This slender, but tall climing Virginia Vine (as it was first called; but Iuie, as it doth better resemble) riseth out of the ground with diuers stems, none much bigger then a mans thumbe, many lesse; from whence shoote forth many long weake branches, not able to stand vpright, vnlesse they be sustained: yet planted neere vnto a wall or pale, the branches at seuerall distances of the leaues will shoote forth small short tendrels, not twining themselues about any thing, but ending into foure, fiue, or six, or more small short and somewhat broad clawes, which will fasten like a hand with fingers so close thereunto, that it will bring part of the wall, morter, or board away with it, if it be pulled from it, and thereby stay it selfe, to climbe vp to the toppe of the highest chimney of a house, being planted thereat: the leaues are crumpled, or rather folded together at the first comming forth, and very red, which after growing forth, are very faire, large, and greene, diuided into foure, fiue, six, or seuen leaues, standing together vpon a small foote-stalke, set without order on the branches, at the ends whereof, as also at other places sometime, come forth diuers short tufts of buds for flowers; but we could neuer see them open themselues, to shew what manner of flower it would be, or what fruit would follow in our country: the roote spreadeth here and there, and not very deepe.
The Use of this Virginian.
We know of no other vse, but to furnish a Garden, and to encrease the number of rarities.
And thus haue I finished this worke, and furnished it with whatsoeuer Art and Nature concurring, could effect to bring delight to those that liue in our Climate, and take pleasure in such things; which how well or ill done, I must abide euery ones censure: the iudicious and courteous I onely respect, let Momus bite his lip, and eate his heart; and so Farewell.
FINIS.
Index omnium stirpium
quæ in hoc opere continentur.
A.
Abies, page 600
Abrotanum fæminum, siue Santolina, 449
Acanthus Aculeatus, 330
Acanthus sativus, ibid
Acer maius siue Sycomorus, 610
Acetosa, 486
Aconitum bacciferum, +i.e.+ Christophoriana, 214
Aconitum flore albido, 214
Aconitum hyemale, ibid
Aconitum luteum Ponticum, ibid
Aconitum salutiferum, 216
Admirabilis pervana, 364
Æthiopis, 385
Aglaophotis, +i.e.+ Pæonia
Alaternus, 603
Albucum, 148
Alcea Ægyptia siue Bamia, 369
Alcea Americana, 368
Alcea fruticosa pentaphyllea, ib
Alcea peregrina siue vesicaria, ib
Alisma Dodonæi, +i.e.+ Saponaria
Alisma Dioscoridis Fab. Columna, +i.e.+ Auricula Vrsi
Alisma syluarum, +i.e.+ Paralysis
Allium, 513
Althæa frutex, 369
Amaracus, +i.e.+ Maiorana
Amarella, +i.e.+ Matricaria
Amaranthus panniculis sparsis, 371
Amaranthus purpureus, ib
Amaranthus tricolor, ib
Amaranthus luteus, +i.e.+ Heliocrysum
Ambreboi, +i.e.+ Cyanus Orientalis
Amellus Virgilij, +i.e.+ Aster Atticus Italorum
Amomum Plinij, +i.e.+ Pseudocapsicum Dodonæi
Amygdalus, 583
Anagyris altera, +i.e.+ Laburnum
Anchusa, 251
Anemone eiusque species, 199 ad 214
Anethum, 494
Angelica, 529
Anthemis flore luteo, 294
Anthemis Leucanthemis, +i.e.+ Chamemælum
Anthericos, 148
Antimelum, +i.e.+ Mandragoras
Antirrhinum, 269
Apium, 491
Apocynum Syriacum, 444
Apocynum Virginianum, 445
Aquilegia, 271
Arbor Alpina Plinij, +i.e.+ Laburnum
Arbor Iudæ, 437
Arbor Vitæ, 438
Arbutus, 603
Argyrocome, +i.e.+ Gnaphalium Americanum
Armerius, 319
Armoraria pratensis, 256
Armoraria altera, +i.e.+ Muscipula Lobelij
Arthanita, +i.e.+ Cyclamen
Arthritica, +i.e.+ Paralysis
Arundo Indica, siue Canna Indica, 376
Asarum, 532
Asparagus, 503
Asphodelus bulbosus albus, 138
Asphodelus bulbosus Galeni, ibid
Asphodelus hyacinthinus, +i.e.+ bulbosus
Asphodelus maior albus, 146
Asphodelus minor luteus, +i.e.+ Hastula regia
Aster Atticus Italorum, 299
Aster Pervanus Columnæ, +i.e.+ Battatas de Canada
Attamusco, +i.e.+ Narcissus Virginianus
Atriplex, +i.e.+ Olus aureum
Auellana, & Byzantina
Aurelia, +i.e.+ Chrysocome
Auricula muris maior, +i.e.+ Pulmonaria Gallorum
Auricula Vrsi eiusque species, 235
B.
Balaustium, 430
Balsamina fæmina & Balsamella, 278
Balsamita mas & fæmina, 482
Balsamum alpinum, +i.e.+ Ledum Alpinum, 424
Bamia, +i.e.+ Alcea Ægyptia
Baptisecula, +i.e.+ Cyanus
Barba hirci, +i.e.+ Tragopogon
Battatas Hispanorum, Virginianum, & Canadense, 518
Behen rubrum, +i.e.+ Valeriana rubra Dodonæi
Bellis cærulea siue Globularia, 321
Bellis maior flore pleno, 322
Bellis minor flore pleno eiusque species, ibid
Belvidere Italorum, +i.+ Scoparia, siue Linaria magna, 268
Ben rubrum Monspeliense, +i.+ Muscipula Lobelij
Berberis, 561
Beta, 488
Binizade & Binizante, +i.+ Anemone tenuifolia
Blattaria, 383
Blito de tre colori, 372
Blitum, 488
Bolbonach, +i.+ Viola lunaris & latifoliæ, 265
Borrago, Borrago semper virens, 249
Botanaria, +i.+ Globularia
Branca vrsina, +i.+ Acanthus sativus
Brassica eiusque species, 503
Bubonium siue Inguinalis, +i.+ Aster Atticus Italorum
Bulbus agrestis, +i.+ Colchicum
Buccinum Romanorum, +i.+ Delphinium
Bulbus Eriophorus, 124
Bulbus esculentus Lacunæ, +i.+ Ornithogalum luteum, 140
Bulbus Leucanthemos, +i.+ Ornithogalum album
Bulbus vnifolius, 140
Bulbus vomitorius Matthioli, +i.+ Muscari
Buglossum, 249
Buglossum Hispanicum, +i.+ Anchusa
Buglossum luteum, 486
Bunias dulcis, +i.+ Napus, 509
Buphthalmum, 293
Buphthalmum maius, +i.+ Helleborus niger ferulaceus
Buxus arbor. Buxus humilis, & Buxus versicolibus folijs, 606
C.
Cacalia Loniceri, +i.+ Lilium Conuallium
Calcaris flos, +i.+ Delphinium
Calceolus Mariæ, 367
Calendula maxima & simplex, 296, 298
Callionymus Gesneri, +i.+ Lilium conuallium
Caltha, +i.+ Calendula
Caltha Africana, +i.+ Flos Africanus
Caltha palustris flore pleno, 224
Camomilla vulgaris, & flore pleno, 290
Campanula maior pyramidalis, 354
Campana lazura, +i.+ Convolvulus cæruleus maior, 359
Campanula persicifolia alba & cærulea, 353
Canicida, +i.+ Aconitum luteum Ponticum
Canis cerebrum, +i.+ Antirrhinum
Cannacorus, +i.+ Canna Indica
Canna Indica flore luteo punctato, 376
Canna Indica flore rubro, ibid
Cantabrica Plinij, +i.+ Caryophyllus
Capnos fabacea radice, +i.+ Radix caua minor, 275
Caprifolium perfoliatum siue Italicum, 405
Cardamine flore pleno, & trifolia, 389
Carduus benedictus, 530
Carduus Eriocephalus, +i.+ tomentosus, 332
Carduus mollis 330
Carlina humilis 332
Carthamus siue Cnicus sativus, 329
Carum, 515
Caryophylli maiores & maximi, 316
Caryophylli syluestres, 314
Caryophyllus marinus & mediterraneus, 317
Caryophyllus Indicus, +i.+ Flos Africanus
Cassaua, +i.+ Iucca, 434
Cavala lale, +i.+ Tulipæ præcoces
Caffalale, +i.+ Tulipa mediæ
Caucason, +i.+ Moly Indicum
Caulis vulgaris, Crispa, Sabaudica, 504
Caulis florida, ibid
Caulo rapum, ibid
Cedrus Lycia, 436
Celastrus, 603
Cepa alba, rubra &c., 510
Cerasa Indiana, 432
Cerasus flore pleno, 402
Cerasorum diuersitas, 571
Cerasus Trapezuntina, +i.+ Laurocerasus
Cercis, 437
Cerefolium maius & vulgare, 494
Cervicaria, +i.+ Trachelium
Chamæcistus Frisicus, 424
Chamæcyparissus, +i.+ Santolina
Chamædaphne, 498
Chamædrys, 456
Chamæiris angustifolia, 187
Chamæiris latifolia, 186
Chamælæa Alpina, 397
Chamælæa Germanica, +i.+ Mesereon, 397
Chamælea tricoccos, ibid
Chamælea, vide Carlina
Chamæmalus, +i.+ Malus Paradiseus
Chamæmelum, +i.+ Camomilla
Chamænerium flore Delphinij, 270
Chamæpauce Cordi, +i.+ Ledum Silesiacum
Chamærhododendros Chamælææfolio Lobelij, +i.+ Ledum Alpinum
Charantia fœmina, +i.+ Balsamina fæmina
Cheiri siue Keiri, +i.+ Leucoium luteum, 256
Chondrilla aurea, +i.+ Pilosella maior, 300
Chrysanthemum odoratum, +i.+ Chamæmelum nudum
Chrysanthemum Peruvianum, +i.+ Flos Solis
Chrysanthemum Creticum, 295
Chrysocome siue Stœchas citrina, 374
Cichorium, 495
Cinara alba, rubra, moschata &c., 518
Circæa, +i.+ Mandragoras
Cistus annuus, 422
Cistus mas, 421
Cistus fæmina, 422
Cistus Ledon, ibid
Claues sancti Petri, +i.+ Paralysis
Clematis Daphnoides, +i.+ Vinca peruinca, 391
Clematis altera siue vrens flore albo, ibid
Clematis peregrina flore rubro, 392
Clematis peregrina flore purpureo, ibid
Clematis peregrina flore purpureo pleno, ibid
Clematis peregrina flore carneo pleno, 393
Clematis cærulea Pannonica, ibid
Clematis surrecta siue Flammula Iouis, ibid
Clematis flore albo plena, vel surrecta flore duplici, 392
Clematis Virginiana, +i.+ Maracoc, 393
Clymenum Matthioli, +i.+ Lathyrus latifolius siue sum perenne
Cneorum Matthioli, 397
Cneorum nigrum & album Theophrasti, 426
Cnicus siue Carthamus sativus, 329
Colchicum Anglicum Byzantinum &c., 154 &c.
Colchicum vernum, 158
Colytea Theophrasti, 438
Colutea vulgaris, & Scorpioides, 440
Coma aurea siue Heliochrysum
Condrilla aurea, +i.+ Pilosella maior
Consolida minor, +i.+ Bellis minor vulgaris
Consolida regalis, +i.+ Delphinium
Convolvulus Americanus, 358
Convolvulus cæruleus maior, 357
Convolvulus cæruleus minor, 358
Convolvulus purpureus maior, ibid
Convolvulus purpureus minor spicæfolijs, 359
Colchorus Dalechampij, +i.+ Pilosella maior
Cornus mas fructu albo, rubro, 570
Corona Imperialis, 28
Cortusa Matthioli, 240
Corydalis, 276
Cosmosandalos, +i.+ Calceolus Mariæ
Costus hortorum maior & minor, 482
Cotonea malus, 589
Cotyledon altera minor, & flore rubro, 232
Crocus vernus albus, purpureus &c., 160 ad, 170
Crocus Hispanicus, +i.+ Carthami flores
Cucumis hortensis, 524
Cuminum syluestre alterum Dioscoridis Matthiolo, +i.+ Delphinium
Cupressus, 601
Cyanus Bætitus supinus, 327
Cyanus floridus Turcicus, ibid
Cyanus minor variorum colorum, 326
Cyanus Orientalis, +i.+ floridus Turcicus
Cyclamen Antiochenum, 196
Cyclamen autumnale hederæfolio, ibid
Cyclamen vernum. Veronense &c., 195
Cyclaminus idem
Cydonia malus, 589
Cyprus Plinij, +i.+ Ligustrum Orientale 411, 445
Cytisus vulgaris. Marantha &c., 440
D.
Dactylus Trapezuntinus, +i.+ Laurocerasus
Daphnoides, +i.+ Laureola, 398
Datura Turcarum, +i.+ Stramonium
Delphinium, 276
Delphinium buccinum, +i.+ Chamænerium
Delphinium Hispanicum parvum, 277
Dens caninus, 193
Dentali, +i.+ Dens caninus
Devebohini, +i.+ Narcissus media purpureus
Dictamus albus & Diptamus albus, +i.+ Fraxinella
Digitalis, 380
Diosanthos Theophrasti Dalechampio, +i.+ Aquilegia
Diosanthos, siue Iouis flos, +i.+ Caryophyllus
Dipcadi, +i.+ Muscari
Draba siue Arabis Dodonæi, +i.+ Thlaspi Creticum
Dracoherba, seu Tarchon, 500
Dracunculus maior, 529
E.
Eleborine flore albo &c., 347
Elleborus albus vulgaris & præcox, 346
Elleborus niger, vel Helleborus niger, 344
Endiuia, 495
Ephemerum lethale, +i.+ Colchicum
Ephemerum non lethale, +i.+ Lilium conuallium
Ephemerum Virginianum, 152
Epimedium, 283
Eranthemum, +i.+ Flos Adonidis
Eriphium Galens, +i.+ Radix caua
Eruca satiua, 502
Eryngium Montanum siue Pannonicum, 330
F.
Faba vulgaris, 521
Fabago, +i.+ Arbor Iudæ
Ficus Arbor & humilis, 566
Ficus Indica, 432
Flamma Theophrasti, +i.+ Amaranthus minor purpureus
Flammula Iouis, +i.+ Clematis surrecta
Flos Adonis, 293
Flos Africanus, 303
Flos Amoris, +i.+ Amaranthus
Flos Cancri, +i.+ Canna Indica
Flos Cardinalis, +i.+ Trachelium Americanum, 356
Flos Caryophylleus, siue Caryophyllus, 314
Flos Constantinopolitanus siue Lychnis Chalcedonica
Flos maximus, +i.+ Flos Solis
Flos Cuculi, +i.+ Cardamine
Flos Cuculi, +i.+ Lychnis syluestris plumaria
Flos frumenti, +i.+ Cyanus minor
Flos noctis, +i.+ Convolvulus maior purpureus
Flos Diuæ Katharinæ, +i.+ Nigella
Flos Meleagridis, +i.+ Fritillaria
Flos Regius, +i.+ Delphinium
Flos Indicus vel Tunetensis, +i.+ Africanus
Flos Solis Farnesianus Columnæ, +i.+ Battatas de Canada
Flos Solis, 295
Fæniculum, 492
Fragaria, 526
Fraxinella, 333
Fritillaria, 44
Frutex Coronarius Clusij, +i.+ Syringa alba, 410
Fucus herba, +i.+ Anchusa
G.
Gallipo lale, +i.+ Anemone tenuifolia
Galeopsis Pannonica siue Lamium Pannonicum, 385
Gelosia Tragi, +i.+ Amaranthus tricolor
Gelseminum, +i.+ Iasminum
Genista Hispanica siue Spartium Hispanicum, 442
Gentiana maior, 350
Gentiana Asclepiadis folia, ibid
Gentiana cruciata, ibid
Gentianella verna, 352
Gentianella autumnalis siue Pneumonanthe, ibid
Geranium tuberosum vel bulbosum, 228
Geum Alpinum Lobelij, +i.+ Sanicula guttata
Geranium batrachoides, fuscum &c., 229
Gith, +i.+ Nigella
Giul catamer lale, +i.+ Anemone latifolia multiplex
Gladiolus Byzantinus, Italicus &c., 189
Globularia cærulea, 322
Globularia lutea montana, 323
Glycyrrhiza siue Liqueritia, 533
Gnaphalium Americanum, 374
Gnaphalium Montanum, siue Pes Cati vel Pilosella minor Montana, 375
Gnaphalium Roseum, ibid
Gramen striatum vel pictum, 458
Gramen marinum, +i.+ Caryophyllus marinus minor
Gramen plumarium vel plumosum, 458
Grossularia siue Vva crispa vulgaris, baccis rubris, cæruleis, aculeatis &c., 560
Guaiacana siue Guaiacum Patauinum idem est cum Pishamin Virginianorum, Loti species
H.
Hastula regia, +i.+ Asphodelus luteus minor
Hedera Virginiana, 612
Hedysarum clypeatum, 339
Heliotropium Indicum Pelleterij, +i.+ Battatas de Canada
Heliocrysum, 374
Helleboraster siue Pseudohelleborus, 345
Helleborus albus & vernus præcox, 346
Helleborus niger verus, 344
Helleborus niger serulaceus, +i.+ Buphthalmum maius, 293
Helleborine, 347
Hemerocallis, +i.+ Martagon
Hemerocallis Valentina Clusij, +i.+ Pseudonarcissus marinus, vel Pancratium vulgo
Hepatica nobilis siue trifolia, 225
Herba clauellata, +i.+ Viola tricolor
Herba sancti Petri, +i.+ Paralysis
Herba Sanctæ Catharinæ, +i.+ Balsamina fæmina
Herba Margarita, +i.+ Bellis minor
Herba Regina, +i.+ Tabacco
Herba Tunica, +i.+ Caryophyllus & Armerius
Herba Trinitatis, +i.+ Hepatica trifolia
Hermodactylus Matthioli, 188
Hermodactylus Gesneri, 194
Hermodactylum Colchicum, 160
Hesperis, 262
Hippolapathum, +i.+ Patientia siue Lapathum sativum, & Rhabarbarum Monachorum, 483
Hippolapathum rotundifolium, 484
Hipposelinum siue Olus atrum, 490
Hirculus Frisicus, +i.+ Chamæcistus Friciscus
Horminum sativum, 478
Hyacinthus & eius genera, 111 ad 133
Hyacynthus Poetarum, +i.+ Iris bulbosa Anglicana
Hyssopus folijs aureis, 455
Hyssopus vulgaris, 476
Hypecoum Matthioli, +i.+ Alcea vesicaria
I.
Iacea Bætica, 328
Iacea marina Bætica, ib
Iasminum Americanum, 359
Iasminum Arabicum, 410
Iasminum album, 406
Iasminum Catalonicum, ibid
Idæus dactylus, +i.+ Pæonia
Ilex arbor, 600
Intubum, +i.+ Endiuia & Cichorium, 495
Iouis flos, +i.+ Caryophyllus
Iphium Theophrasti, +i.+ Caryophyllus
Iris bulbosa & eius varietas, 171 ad 179
Iris Chalcedonica, 179
Iris Dalmatica Damascena &c., 180 &c.
Iris Persica, 172
Iris Tripolitana, 182
Iris tuberosa, 188
Iucca, 434
Ixine Theophrasti, +i.+ Carlina
K.
Keiri, siue Leucoium luteum, 256
Keiri albo flore, 257
L.
Laburnum, 438
Lactuca agnina. Capitata &c., 498
Lamium Pannonicum, +i.+ Galeopsis Pannonica, 385
Lapathum sanguineum, 484
Larix, 608
Lathyrus latifolius, +i.+ Pisum perenne, 338
Lathyrus siliquis orobi, ib
Lauendula mas & fæmina, 447
Lauendula syluestris, +i.+ Stæchas
Laurus, 598
Laurus regia, +i.+ Laurocerasus, 401
Laurus Rosea, +i.+ Oleander
Laurus Tinus, 400
Laurea Cerasus, 599
Lauro cerasus, 401
Ledum Alpinum. Silesiacum, 424
Ledum id est Cistus Ledon
Leimonia Theophrasti Clusio, +i.+ Anemone syluestris
Leontostomium, +i.+ Aquilegia
Leucoium bulbosum, 109
Leucoium hortense simplex & multiplex, 258
Leucoium luteum multiplex, 257
Leucoium marinum Syriacum, 260
Leucoium melancholicum, ibid
Leuconacissolirion, +i.+ Leucoium bulbosum
Libanotis Coronaria, +i.+ Rosmarinus
Ligustrum, 445
Ligustrum Orientale, +i.+ Cyprus Plinij, 410
Lilac, +i.+ Syringa cærulea, 407
Lilac flore argenteo, 408
Liliago, +i.+ Phalangium: vel alijs Lilium non bulbosum siue Liliasphodelus
Liliasphodelus, 148
Lilionarcissus, +i.+ Tulipa
Lilium Alexandrinum, +i.+ Ornithogalum Arabicum, 135
Lilium album, 40
Lilium aureum, rubrum &c., 39
Lilium conuallium, 349
Lilium Macedonicum, 36
Lilium Montanum, 33
Lilium non bulbosum, +i.+ Liliasphodelus
Lilium Persicum vel Susianum, 28
Lilium syluestre, +i.+ Montanum
Lilium variegatum, +i.+ Fritillaria
Limonium peregrinum Rauwolfij, 250
Linaria magna siue Belvidere Italorum, 268
Liqueritia, 583
Linaria cærulea purpurea odorata, 66
Lingua Bouis vel Buglossum luteum, 486
Linum syluestre album, luteum, 266
Lotus Africana Dalechampij, +i.+ Laurocerasus
Lotus Arbor, 568
Lotus tetragonolobus siue siliquosus flore rubello, +i.+ Pisum quadratum
Lunaria Arthritica, +i.+ Paralysis, etiamque & Auricula Vrsi
{maior } Lunaria Græca, { } +i.+ Bolbonach, seu Viola latifolia, 265 {odorata}
Lunaria cærulea, +i.+ Soldanella Alpina, siue Montana, 234
Lupinus, 335
Lychnis Chalcedonica flore simplici, & flore pleno, 253
Lychnis Coronaria, 252
Lychnis plumaria syluestris multiplex, 253
Lychnis syluestris flore albo plena, & flore rubro pleno, 254
Lycopersicum Galeni, +i.+ Flos Africanus, pomum Amoris Anguillaræ
M.
Maiorana aurea, 446
Maiorana tenuifolia, 452
Maiorana vulgaris, ibid
Maiorana latifolia vulgaris, 474
Mala Æthyopica, 379
Mala Arantia, 584
Mala Armeniaca siue præcocia, 579
Malus Cotonea vel Cydonia, 589
Malus Granata seu Punica, 428
Malorum Persicorum diuersitas, 580
Malorum varia genera, 586
Malus Punica satiua, 428
Malus Punica syluestris, +i.+ Balaustium
Malua crispa, 495
Malua Hispanica flore carneo amplo, 366
Malua horaria, +i.+ Alcea peregrina, 370
Malua hortensis simplex & multiplex, 369
Malua Rosea, +i.+ hortensis
Mandragoras mas & fæmina, 377
Maracoc siue Clematis Virginiana, 393
Marguerites & Margueritons, +i.+ Bellis minor multiplex
Martagon album, flore carneo, 33
Martagon Chymistarum, +i.+ Lilium aureum siue rubrum
Martagon Byzantinum seu Constantinopolitanū, 34
Martagon Pannonicum flore spadiceo, 35
Martagon Imperiale, 33
Martagon Pomponeum, 36
Martagon Phœniceo flore, 34
Martagon rarissimum, +i.+ Narcissus tertius Matthioli
Matricaria flore pleno, 289
Medica Cochleata. Spinosa, 338 &c.
Medium Dioscoridis, +i.+ Viola Mariana
Melampodium, +i.+ Helleborus niger
Melanthium, +i.+ Nigella
Melissa, 479
Melo Moscatus &c., 525
Mentha, 480
Mespilus Aronia. Vulgaris, 568
Mezereon, +i.+ Chamælæa Germanica
Mirabilia Peruviana, 364
Moly alterum genus Plinij Dodonæo, +i.+ Phalangium
Moly varia genera, 141 ad 146
Morion, +i.+ Mandragoras
Morus vulgaris, alba, Virginiana, 599
Muschoromi, +i.+ Muscari
Moschatella, +i.+ Hesperis
Muscipula Lobelij, +i.+ Benrubrum Monsp., 254
Myrobalanus prunus, 577
Myrrhis, +i.+ Cerefolium maius
Myrtus maior & minor, 427
N.
Napellus, 215
Napellus Moisis, +i.+ Anthora, 216
Napus maior & minor, 509
Narcissus Caperonius, +i.+ Fritillaria
Narcissorum varia genera, 67 ad 108
Narcissus marinus, +i.+ tertius Matthioli
Narcissus Iacobæus flore rubro, 69
Narcissus Matthioli, +i.+ Ornithogalum Neapolitanum
Narcissus Trapezunticus, 30
Narcissus Virgineus, 86 & 91
Nardus Italica, +i.+ Lauendula
Nardus montana, 386
Nasturtium Indicum, 280
Nasturtium hortense, 500
Nepeta, 479
Nerium, +i.+ Oleander
Nerium Alpinum, +i.+ Ledum Alpinum
Nicotiana, +i.+ Tabacco
Nigella flore albo duplici, 287
Nigella flore cæruleo multiplici, ibid
Nigella Hispanica, ibid
Nil Auicennæ, +i.+ Convolvulus cæruleus maior
Nozelha, +i.+ Crocus Clusio, Sysirinchium Boelio, 171
Nucipersica & eius varietas, 583
Nux Auellana, Byzantina, 562
Nux Iuglans, 595
Nux Metel, +i.+ Stramonium maius
Nux vesicaria seu Staphylodendron, 611
O.
Ocellus Barbaricus, & Damascenus, +i.+ Caryophyllus
Ocimastrum Valerianthon, +i.+ Valeriana rubra Dodonæi
Ocimoides semper virens, 254
Ocimum citratum, Indicum, 450
Odontitis, +i.+ Lychnis plumaria
Oenanthe Myconi, +i.+ Ranunculus thalictri folio minor, 218
Olus album, +i.+ Lactuca agnina
Olus atrum, +i.+ Hipposelinum
Olus aureum, +i.+ Atriplex
Olus hispanicum, +i.+ Spinachia
Opuntia, +i.+ Lychen marinum, 433
Opuntia seu Ficus Indica, ibid
Orchis Melitias seu Apifera, 192
Orchis hermaphroditica &c., ibid
Ornithogalum Æthiopicum, 138
Ornithogalum Arabicum, 134
Ornithogalum luteum, 140
Ornithogalum Neapolitanum, 138
Ornithogalum Pannonicum, 136 & 138
Orobus Venetus, 338
Orontium, +i.+ Antirrhinum
Os Leonis, +i.+ Antirrhinum
Ostrys Theophrasti, 410
Osyris, +i.+ Scoparia vel Linaria magna
Oxalis siue Acetosa, 487
Oxyacantha siue Berberis & siue acinis, 561
P.
Padus Theophrasti, +i.+ Cerisier blanc Gallorum siue Cerasus racemosus, 574
Pæonia mas & fæmina simplex & multiplex, 341 &c.
Paliurus, 607
Palma Christi, +i.+ Ricinus
Palma Christi, +i.+ Orchis siue Satyrium Basilicum
Pancratium, +i.+ Scilla rubra, & non Pseudonarcissus marinus, vide pag. 108 & 133
Panis porcinus, +i.+ Cyclamen
Papaver sativum flore pleno, 286
Papaver syluestre flore pleno, ibid
Pappas siue Battatas Hispanorum Canadense Virginianum, 516
Paralysis diuersarum specierum, 242 &c.
Paralytica alpina maior & minor, +i.+ Auricula Vrsi & Paralysis minor
Parthenium, +i.+ Matricaria
Parthenium Galeni, +i.+ Amaracus
Pastinaca latifolia, 506
Pastinaca tenuifolia, 508
Pedua Penorum, +i.+ Flos Africanus
Pennachio Persiano, +i.+ Lilium Persicum
Pepo, 526
Peruinca siue Vinca peruinca, 391
Periclymenum perfoliatum, 404
Periclymenum rectum, 415
Periploca Virginiana, 444
Pes cati, +i.+ Gnaphalium Montanum
Petroselinum, 491
Petum & Picielt, +i.+ Tabacco
Perebecenuc, +i.+ Tabacco
Phalangium Allobrogicum, 150
Phalangium ephemerum Virginianum, 152
Phalangium Italicum maius, 150
Phalangium ramosum & non ramosum, ibid
Phaseolus vulgaris, 521
Phillyrea, 445
Phlomitis, +i.+ Æthiopis
Phlox siue flamma Theophrasti, +i.+ Viola flammea siue tricolor
Pilosella maior siue Chondrilla aurea, 300
Pilosella minor montana, +i.+ Gnophalium montanum, 375
Pimpinella siue Sanguisorba, 483
Pinus, 599
Piper montanum, +i.+ Chamælææ frutex vel semen
Pishamin Virginianorum, +i.+ Guaiacum Patauinum
Pisum perenne, Lathyrus latifolius, 340
Pisum quadratum rubrum, 338
Pisum vulgare, roseum maculatum &c., 522
Planta Cardinalis, +i.+ Trachelium Americanum, 356
Planta maxima, +i.+ Flos Solis
Plantago rosea, 352
Pneumonanthe, +i.+ Gentiana autumnalis, 352
Poma amoris maiora & minora, 379
Pomorum varietas, 586
Pomum spinosum, +i.+ Stramonium, 362
Porrum, 512
Portulaca, 499
Pothos Theophrasti, +i.+ Aquilegia
Primula veris simplex & multiplex, 242 &c.
Prunorum magna varietas, 575
Pseudocapsicum, +i.+ Amomum Plinij, 431
Pseudohelleborus Matthioli, +i.+ Helleborus niger ferulaceus
Pseudohermodactylus Matthioli, +i.+ Dens Caninus
Pseudonarcissus Anglicus, Germanicus, Hispanicus, &c., 99 &c.
Pseudolotus Matthioli, +i.+ Laurocerasus, est & Guaiacum Patavinum & Pishamin Virginianorum
Pseudorhabarbarum est Rhabarbarum Monachorum, 274
Psidium, +i.+ Cortex Granatorum
Ptarmica flore pleno, 288
Pulegium, 477
Pulmonaria Tragi & Gallorum, +i.+ Pilosella maior, 300
Pulmonaria maculosa & non maculosa, 248
Pulsatilla, 200
Pyracantha, 604
Pyramidalis Lutetiana, +i.+ Campanula maior siue lactescens, 354
Pyretrum officinarum, 292
Pyretrum syluestre, 288
Pyrus & eius varietas, 590
Q.
Qvamoclit Indorum, +i.+ Convolvulus Americanus, 358
Quinûa Indorum, +i.+ Amaranthus maior siue panniculis sparsis
R.
Radix Caua maior, & minor, 275
Ranunculus Anglicus, Asiaticus, Creticus &c., 216 ad 223
Ranunculus monophyllos, +i.+ Aconitum hyemale
Ranunculus nemorum & syluarum, +i.+ Anemones syluestres
Raphanus vulgaris & nigra radice, 509
Rapum hortense, luteum, rubrum, ibid
Rapunculus hortensis, 514
Rhabarbarum Monachorum & Pseudorhabarbarum, 274
Rhabarbarum & Rhaponticum verum, 483
Rhododendron, +i.+ Oleander
Rhus Virginiana, 611
Rhus Myrtifolia, ibid
Ribes fructu albo, nigro, rubro, 558
Rosa Alpina, +i.+ Ledum alpinum, 424
Rosa Iunonis, +i.+ Lilium album
Rosa fatuina, +i.+ Pæonia
Rosa montana, +i.+ Alpina
Rosa vltramarina, +i.+ Malua rosea
Rosa Anglica, Cinamomea, Damascena, &c., 412 ad 425
Rosmarinum vulgare, 425
Rosmarinum aureum, ibid
Rosmarinum latifolium, 426
Rosmarinum syluestre Matthioli, +i.+ Ledum Alpinum
Rubus Idæus, 557
Rubus Idæus non spinosus, ibid
Ruta hortensis, 530
Ruta palustris vel pratensis, +i.+ Thalictrum
S.
Sabdarifa, +i.+ Alcea Americana
Sabina, 607
Salmaris, +i.+ Pyretrum
Saluia maior & minor, 478
Saluia variegata, 446
Sambach Arabum, +i.+ Syringa Arabica flore duplici
Sambucus Rosea, 411
Sampsuchum, +i.+ Maiorana
Sana sancta & Sancta herba, +i.+ Tabacco
Sandalida Cretica, +i.+ Pisum quadratum
Sanicula Alpina vel montana, +i.+ Cortusa Matthioli
Sanicula trifolia, +i.+ Cardamine trifolia
Sanicula guttata, 231
Sanguisorba vel Pimpinella, 483
Sanguis Herculis, +i.+ Elleborus albus
Santolina, +i.+ Abrotanum fæmina, 449
Saponaria flore duplici, 352
Saponaria altera, +i.+ Trachelium minus, & Valeriana rubra Dodon.
Sarahug, +i.+ Hyacinthus Lillifolius
Satureia vel Thymbra, 476
Satyrium Erythronium & Triphyllum Dioscoridis, +i.+ Tulipa, 66
Satyrium Orchidis species, 192
Scabiosa rubra Austriaca, 324
Scabiosa rubra Indica, ibid
Scarlatea, +i.+ Armerius
Scoparia, +i.+ Linaria magna, 268
Scorpioides maius & minus, 340
Scorsonera, 301
Scylla alba, rubra, 133
Sedum serratum, 232
Segetalis, +i.+ Gladiolus
Selinum dulce, 491
Serincade, +i.+ Narcissus medio purpureus
Serincade catamer lale, +i.+ Narcissus flore pleno
Serpentaria, +i.+ Dracunculus
Serpentina, +i.+ Scorsonera
Serpillum aureum, Citratum &c., 454
Sesamoides minus, aliquibus est Helleborus niger ferulaceus, 294
Sicla & Sicula, +i.+ Beta
Sidium idem quod Psidium
Siliqua syluestris, +i.+ Arbor Iudæ
Simboline idem quod Zumbul Indicum, Hyacinthi Orientalis species
Sinapi, 502
Sisarum, 506
Sisyrinchium alterum, +i.+ Cardamine altera
Sisyrinchium Mauritanicum &c., 171
Sisyrinchium Cordi, +i.+ Ornithogalum
Solanum arborescens, +i.+ Amomum Plinij
Solanum fætidum spinosum Bauhini, +i.+ Stramonium
Solanum Mexicanum Bauhini, +i.+ Mirabilia
Solanum pomiferum Gesneri & Bauhini, +i.+ Pomum amoris
Solanum vesicarium, +i.+ Alkakengi
Solanum esculentum Bauhini, +i.+ Battatas de Virginia
Sol Indianus, +i.+ Flos solis
Soldanella alpina, 234
Sophonia, +i.+ Amaranthus tricolor
Sorbus legitima & Torminalis, 567
Spartum Austriacum, +i.+ Gramen plumosum
Spartum Hispanicum frutex, +i.+ Genista Hispanica, 442
Spinachia, 496
Staphylodendron, +i.+ Nux vesicaria
Sternutamentoria, +i.+ Ptarmica
Stœchas, 448
Stœchas Citrina, +i.+ Chrysocome
Struthium non est Saponaria, 353
Stramonium maius & minus, 360
Sumach Virginense, 612
Susamgiul, +i.+ Lilium Persicum, & Hyacinthus stellatus, Byzantinus alter
Sycomorus, siue Acer maius latifolium, 610
Symphitum maculosum, +i.+ Pulmonaria
Syringa alba, cærulea, 408
Syringa Arabica flore albo duplici, 408
Syringa Italica Lobelij, +i.+ Syringa flore albo simplici
Syringa Italica flore albo pleno Besleri, 410
T.
Tabacco, 363
Tamarix vel Tamariscus, 610
Tanacetum vulgare, 482
Tanacetum Pervanum, +i.+ Flos Africanus
Tarchon herba, 500
Taxus arbor, 606
Thalictrum vel Thalietrum Hispanicum, 274
Thesium Theophrasti, +i.+ Radix caua
Thlaspi Bæticum marinum, 390
Thraupalus Theophrasti Dalechampio, +i.+ Sambucus rosea
Thridacias, +i.+ Mandragoras
Thuya, +i.+ Arbor vitæ, 436
Thymbra, +i.+ Satureia, 476
Thymum legitimum capitatum, 454
Thymum durius & latifolium, 474
Tilia fæmina, 608
Trachelium maius & minus, 354
Trachelium Americanum, 356
Tragium Dioscoridis, +i.+ Fraxinella
Tragopogon cæruleum, purpureum, 302
Tragopogon luteum, 514
Tragoriganum Matthioli, 453
Trifolium fruticans, +i.+ Iasminum luteum
{aureum} Trifolium { } +i.+ Hepatica {nobile}
Trinitas, seu herba trinitatis, +i.+ Hepatica
Tulipa Armeniaca, Boloniensis, Bombycina, Byzantina, Cretica &c., 52 &c.
Tulipæ mediæ, 55
Tulipæ præcoces, 48
Tulipæ serotinæ, 61
Tusai & Turfana, +i.+ Corona Imperialis
V.
Vaccinium Virgilij, 128
Valeriana rubra Dodonæi, 386
Valeriana Græca, 388
Valerianthon, +i.+ Valeriana rubra Dodonæi
Verbascum odoratum } } i. Paralysis Verbasculum odoratum }
Veratrum album & nigrum, +i.+ Helleborus albus & niger
Vernilago, +i.+ Chamælæo albus
Vetonica altera, vel altilis, aut Coronaria, +i.+ Caryophyllus hortensis
Vetonica agrestis, +i.+ Armerius
Victorialis rotunda, +i.+ Gladiolus
Vinca peruinca, 391
Viola alba, +i.+ Leucoium
Viola alba bulbosa, +i.+ Leucoium bulbosum
Viola Damascena, +i.+ Hesperis
Viola flammea, +i.+ Tricolor
Viola hyemalis, +i.+ Hesperis
Viola latifolia & } } Bolbonach, 265 Viola Lunaris }
Viola lutea, +i.+ Leucoium luteum siue Keiri
Viola peregrina, +i.+ Bolbonach
Viola mariana, 354
Viola martia, 281
Viola Matronalis, +i.+ Hesperis
Viola tricolor simplex & duplex, 282
Viperaria & Viperina, +i.+ Scorsonera
Vitis Corinthiaca, Damascena &c., 563
Vitis Virginiana, 564
Vitis Virginense seu potius Hedera Virginiana, 612
Vmbilicus Veneris, +i.+ Cotiledon, 234
Vva crispa, +i.+ Grossularia, 560
Vvularia, +i.+ Trachelium, est & Hippoglossum
Y.
Yvcca, siue Iucca, 434
Z.
Zambach Arabi, +i.+ Iasminum Arabicum
Zufiniare, +i.+ Martagon Constantinopolitanum
Zumbul Arabi, +i.+ Ornithogalum Arabicum
Zumbul Indi, +i.+ Orientalis maior præcox
A Table of the English names of such Plants as are contained in this Booke.
A.
White Aconite, 214
Yellow Aconite, or winter Wolfes bane, ibid.
Adonis flower, 293
Alkanet, or Sea Buglosse, 250
Anemone, or winde-flower, & the kinds, 199 to 214
Yellow Anemone, 194
Allisanders, 490
Almond, and the kinds, 583
Angelica, 529
Apricocks, 579
Apples, and the seueral sorts, 586
Double blossomd Apple tree, 404
Apples of Loue, 379
Thorne Apples, 360
Arrach white and purple, 488
Asarabacca, 532
Asparagus, 503
Asphodill and his kindes, 146
Asphodill with Lilly flowers, 148
B.
Baldmony or Gentian, 350
Balme, 479
The Balsame apple, 278
Barberies, 561
Barbery Buttons, and Thorny Buttons, 339
Barrenwort, 283
Batchelours Buttons double, white and red, 254
Batchelours Buttons yellow, 218 & 224
The Bay tree, 598
The Cherry Bay tree, or Bay Cherry, 401
The dwarfe Bay, 397
The Kings Bay, that is, the Cherry Bay
The Rose Bay, 400
The Virginia Bay Cherry, 599
The wilde Bay, 400
The Bee-flower, 192 & 258
Beares breech, 330
Beares eares, and the sorts, 235 &c.
Beares eare Sanicle, 240
Beares foote, 244
Beetes, and the kindes, 353
Garden Beanes and French Beanes, 521
Bell flowers, and the kinds, 353
Canterburie Bels, 354 & 356
Couentry Bels, 354
Blites, 488
Bloodwort, 484
The great blew Bindeweed, 359
The small blew Bindeweed, 360
Blew Bottles, 326
Borrage, and euer liuing Borage, 249
Ladies Bower, and Virgins Bower single and double, 393
Dwarfe Boxe and guilded Boxe, 606
Flower of Bristow, or None such, 253
Spanish Broome, 442
Double flowred Bruisewort or Sopewort, 352
Garden Buglosse, 249
Marsh buglosse and Sea buglosse, 250
Burnet, 483
Butterflie Orchis, 162
C.
Cabbage, and his kindes, 503
Calues snout or Snapdragon, 269
Double Camomill and naked Camomill, 290
Rose Campion, 252
Featherd wilde Campion single and double, 253
The Crimson Cardinals flower, 356
Carawayes, 515
Carnations and Gilloflowers, 306
Caterpillers great and small, 340
Cassidonie, 443
Lobels Catch flye, 254
Clusius his Celastrus, 604
Sweete Cheruill or great Cheruill, 494
Garden Cheruill, ib
Party coloured Cicheling, 338
The Christmas flower, 344
The Cherry tree, and the kindes thereof, 571
The double blossomd Cherry tree, 402
The Cypresse tree, 602
The sweet gum Cistus, 422
Burning Clamberer or Climer, 391
Hungarian Climer, 391
Virginian Climer or Maracoc, ibid
Coleflower, Colewort, Colerape, 504
Colombines, 271
Tufted Colombines, 274
The prickly euer greene Corall tree, 604
Corneflower, 326
Corne sallet or Lambes Lettice, 428
The Cornell tree, 570
Costmary, 482
Cotton weedes, 375
Cowcumbers, diuers, 524
Cowslips of diuers sorts, 242 &c.
French Cowslips or Beares eares, 235
Cowslips of Ierusalem, 248
Cranes bill, and the kinds, 228
Garden Cresses, 500
Indian Cresses, 280
Crow flower, 253
Crow foote of diuers kinds, 216 to 223
Crown Imperial, 28
The double Cuckow flower, 253 and 389
Currans, white, red and blacke, 558
The true Curran Vine and Grape, 563
D.
Daffodils, and the diuersities thereof, from, 67 to 108
Checkerd Daffodill, and the kinds, 44
Dittander, 508
Bastard Dittanie, 333
Dogs tooth Violet, 193
Dragons, 529
The Dragon flower, 385
Double Dasie, and blew Dasies, 321
E.
White Ellebor of two sorts, 346
Wilde white Ellebor, 347
The true black Ellebor or Christmas flower, 344
Garden Endiue, 495
F.
Fellworte or Gentian, 350
Fennell, 492
Fennell flower, 287
Double Featherfew, 289
The Princes Feather, 232
The Fig tree, and the kinds, 566
The Indian Figge tree, 433
The Finger flower, 383
The Firre tree, 600
The Corne Flagge, 189
The flagge or flowerdeluce, 79 &c.
The flowerdeluce of Constantinople, 79
The flowerdeluce of Persia, 172
The bulbous flowerdeluces, 172 to 179
The veluet flowerdeluce, 188
Wilde flaxe or Tode flaxe, 266
Foxe gloues, and the kinds, 380
Fillbeards ordinary, and of Constantinople, 562
Flower of Bristow, or None such, single and double, 253
Purple flower gentle, and the kinds, 371
Golden flower gentle or golden flower of life, 372
The flower of the Passion, or Maracoc, 393
The flower of the Sun, 295
The Sultans flower, 327
The friars Crowne, 332
Fritillaria or checkerd Daffodil, 44
Double fritillaria, ibid
G.
Garlicke, 513
Gentian great and smal, 350
Germander, 456
Gilloflowers and Carnations, 306
Queenes Gilloflowers or Dames Violets, 262
Stocke Gilloflowers single and double, 258
The Ginny hen-flower, that is, Fritillaria, 44
Goats beard blew and purple, 302
Goats beard yellow, 514
Candy Goldilocks, 372
Golds, that is, Marigolds, 296
Gooseberries of diuers sorts, 560
Herbe Grace or Rue, 530
Grape flower, 114
Vipers Grasse, 301
Feather Grasse, 458
Painted Grasse, ib
The Guaiacum of Padoa, 570
H.
Hares bels, 122
Hearts ease single and double, 282
The blew Helmet flower or Monkes hood, 215
The wholsome Helmet flower, ibid
Hollihockes single and double, 369
Holewort or Hollow-roote, 275
Hyssope common, 476
Guilded Hyssope, 455
Hungary or mountaine Sea Holly, 330
Honisockles double, 404
Red Honysockles or vpright Honysockles, 405
The euer green Hawthorne tree, or the euer green prickly Coral tree, 604
I.
Iacinths, and the seueral sorts, 111 to 133
White Iasmine and yellow Iasmine, 406
Double white Iasmine, 408
Sweet Iohns single and double, 319
Ione siluer Pin, that is, Poppies double, 286
Iudas tree, 437
The supposed Indian Iucca, 434
The Virginia Ivye, 612
K.
Spanish Sea Knapweede, 328
L.
Ladies laces or painted grasse, 458
Ladies smockes double, 389
Lambes Lettice, 498
Langedebeefe, 486
The Larch tree, 608
Larkes heeles or spurs single and double, 276
Yellow Larkes heele, that is, Indian Cresses, 280
Lauender spike, 447
Lauender cotton, 449
French Lauender or Sticadoue, 448
Mountaine Laurell, 398
Leekes, 512
Lettice, and the kinds thereof, 498
Licorice, 533
The tree of Life, 436
The chekerd Lilly, that is, Fritillaria
The Conual Lilly, or Lilliconvally, 340
The Day Lilly, 148
The Persian Lilly, 28, 30
The Mountaine Lilly, 33
The red or gold Lilly, 39
The white Lilly, 40
The Line or Linden tree, 608
Liue-long, or Life euerlasting, 375
Noble Liuerwort or Hepatica, 225
Lungwort or Cowslips of Ierusalem, 248
Lupines white, blew and yellow, 325
M.
Sweet Marierome, 452
Guilded or yellow Marierome, 446
French Mallowes, 495
Spanish Mallowe, 366
Shrub Mallow, 369
Thorny Mallow, 368
Venice Mallow, ibid
Red Maiths, and white, 293
Mandrake male and female, 377
The great Maple or Sycomore tree, 611
Marigolds, 296
Corne Marigolds of Candy, 295
French Marigolds, 303
Double Marsh Marigolds, 224
The Spanish Marigold is the greatest double broade leafed Anemone, 207
The blew or purple Marigold, 299
Martagons of diuers sorts, 33
Masticke the herbe, 452
Medlars, 568
The Melancholy Gentleman, 260
Muske Melons, 525
The Meruaile of the world, 364
Mirtles, 427
Moly or Mountaine Garlicke, 144 &c.
Monkes hoode, or Larkes spurs, 276
Monkes hood or helmet flower, 215
Counterpoyson Monkes hood, 216
Blew Moone-wort, 234
Halfe Moones, 339
Golden Mouse-eare, 330
Mulberries, and Virginia Mulberry, 599
Moth-Mulleine, 383
Woody Mulleine or French Sage, 384
Ethiopian Mullein, 385
The Mumme tree, 432
Mustard, 502
N.
Spotted Nauelwort, 232
Navew, 509
The Nectorin, and the kinds thereof, 582
Neesewort, or Neesing roote, 346
Neppe, 479
The Nettle tree, 568
Hungarian dead Nettle, 385
Nigella, or the Fenel-flower, 287
Tree Night shade, that is, the Winter Cherry tree, 432
None-such, or the flower of Bristow, 253
The bladder Nut, 611
The Filberd Nut of Constantinople, 562
The Spanish or Barberry Nut, 171
The Wall Nut, 594
O.
The euer greene Oake, 600
Spurge Oliue, 397
Mountaine Spurge Oliue, ibid
Onions, and the kinds, 510
Sea Onion, 133
Orchis of Virginia, 194
Orenges, 584
Oxe eye, 293
Oxe lips, 245
P.
Pansies single and double, 282
Parsley, and sweet Parsley, 491
Virginia Parsley, 492
Parsneps, 506
Pasque flower, or Passe flower, 200
Patience, or Monkes Rubarbe, 483
Peaches, and the kinds, 586
Double blossomd Peach tree, 404
Peares, and the seueral sorts, 590
The prickly Peare, that is, the Indian Figge
Pearles of Spaine, 115
Garden Pease of diuers sorts, 522
Crimson Pease blossome, 338
Pease euerlasting, ibid
Blew vpright euerlasting Pease, ibid
Pelletory of Spaine, 292
Double wilde Pelletory, 288
Penny flower, that is, white Sattin
Peony single and double, 342
Periwinkle single and double, 392
Pinkes single and double, 314
The Pine tree, 599
The blew and the white Pipe tree, 408
The double white Pipe tree, or double Iasmine, 410
Rose Plantane, 352
Plums, and the kindes, 575
The Pomegranet tree, 428
The double blossomd Pomegranet tree, 430
Pompions, 526
Double garden Poppies, 284
Double wilde Poppy, 286
Potato’s of Spaine, of Virginia, of Canada, 516
Pride of London, 310
Primme or Priuet, 445
The euer-greene Priuet, 603
Primroses, and the kinds, 242 &c.
Tree Primrose of Virginia, 264
Purslane, 499
Purse tassels, 116 & 118
Pushamin or Pishamin, the Virginia Plum, 570
Q.
Qvinces, and the kinds, 589
R.
Rampions, 514
Raspis, White and red, 557
Reddish, blacke Reddish, horse Reddish, 509
Red and yellow flowred Indian Reede, 376
Rosarubie, that is, Adonis flower, 293
Rose tree, and the seuerall kinds, 412 to 425
Iuno’s Rose, that is, the white Lilly
The Elder or Guelder Rose, 401
The Holly Rose or Sage Rose, 421
The Mountaine Rose, 424
Rocke Roses, 397
Rosemarie common and gilded &c., 425
The Marie Rose or Rosemary of Silesia, 424
Rocket, 502
Garden Rue or Herbe grace, 530
True Rubarbe, Monkes Rubarbe, Rubarbe of Pontus, 483
S.
Sage great and small, 478
Guilded Sage, 446
Sage of Ierusalem, 248
French Sage, 384
Saffron flowers of diuers sorts of the spring time and of the fall, 160 to 170
Medow Saffrons or Colchicum, that is, the Sonne before the Father, and the kindes, 154
Spotted Sanicle, 231
Beares eare Sanicle, 240
Satyrion, 192
The Sauine tree, 607
Summer Sauorie and winter Sauory, 476
White Sattin flower, 265
Red Sattin flower, 339
Scabious white and red, 324
Scorsonera or Vipers grasse, 301
Bastard Sena tree, 440
The true and the ordinary Seruice, 567
Mountaine Setwall, 386
Virginia Silke, 444
Skirrets, 506
Our Ladies Slipper, 347
Smallage, 491
Ladies Smocks double, 388
Snayles, 338
Snapdragons, 269
Mountaine Soldanella, 434
Double flowred Sopewort, 352
Sorrell, 486
Sowbread, and the kindes, 195 to 199
The Kings Speare or yellow Asphodill, 148
Sperage or Asparagus, 503
Spiderworte, and the kindes, 150 &c.
Spinach, 496
Starre flowers of diuers sorts, or Stars of Bethlehem, 130 to 140
The greene Starre flower or bulbed Asphodill of Galen, 136
Starwort or Sharewort, and Italian Starwort, 299
Sticadoue or Cassidonie, 448
Stocke gilloflowers single and double, 258
Storkes bils of diuers sorts, 228
Strawberries of many sorts, 526
The Strawberry tree, 603
Succory, 495
The Sultans flower, or Turkie Corne flower, 327
The Sun flower or flower of the Sun, 295
The Virginia Sumach, 611
The Myrtle leafed Sumach, ibid
The Sycamore tree, 610
T.
Indian Tabacco of diuers sorts, 363
The greene and the white Tamariske tree, 610
Tansie single and double, 482
The blessed Thistle, 530
The gentle Thistle, Globe Thistle &c., 332
Christs Thorne, 607
Thrift ordinary, and the great Sea Thrift, 317
Throatwort, and Giants Throatewort single and double, 354
Beane Trefoyle, 438
Shrub Trefoile, 407
Tree Trefoile, 439
Candie Tufts, 390
Golden Tufts, 375
Spanish Tufts, 274 & 340
The early flowring Tulipa, 46
The meane flowring Tulipa, 54
The dwarfe Tulipa, 52
The Persian Tulipa, ibid
The Turkes Cap, that is, the Tulipa
The true Time, 454
Guilded Time, Moske and Lemmon Time, ibid
Garden Time, and Masticke Time, 474
V.
Red Valerian of Dodonæus, 386
Greeke Valerian, 388
Mountaine Valerian, 386
Violets single and double, 282
The bulbous Violet, 169
The Dogs tooth Violet, 193
Dames Violets, 262
Mercuries Violets, 357
Vines, and the seuerall kinds of grapes, 564
Vipers grasse, 301
Virginia Vine, 564
Virginia Vine, or Virginia Ivie, 612
W.
The Walnut tree, 594
Single and double Wall-flowers of many sorts, 257
The Willow-flower, 270
The Wind-flower or Anemone, single and double of many sorts, 199 to 214
Wild Wind-flower single and double, 202
Sweet Williams, and the kinds, 319
Winter Gilloflowers, 258
Winter Wolfes bane, and yellow Wolfes bane, 214
Winter Cherries, 532
The Winter Cherrie tree, 431
Double Wood-bine or Honisuckle, 404
Y.
The Yew tree, 606
A Table of the Vertues and Properties of the Hearbes contained in this Booke.
A.
In feare of Aborsment, or mis-carrying in women, 478
Good against Aches, 290
Good in hot Agues and to drive away their fits, 223, 484, 532, 536, 538, 564, 575, 579, 584, 595
From whence Agaricke is taken, 608
A Syrupe of Angelica, 529
Good for deiected appetites, 484, 486, 499, 561, 562, 578, 575, 584
To perfume Apparell, Leather, &c., 421, 448, 586
For the Apoplexie, 349
Astringent or to binde, 428, 431
B.
For weake Backes and reines, 479, 483
A Balsame for green wounds, 426
To cause Barrennesse, 284
Good for Bathing, 294, 376, 421, 449, 474, 477, 478, 479, 480
Good for Bees, 440, 480
Good to take away the sting of Bees and waspes, 476, 479, 480, 482
Good to open and mollifie the Belly, and make it soluble, 333, 370, 421, 488, 489, 490, 495, 566, 578, 582
To clense the Blood, 484
To dissolue clotted Blood, 610
To encrease Blood, 567
To helpe the spitting of Blood, 595
To stay Bleeding, 230, 396, 483
Hurtfull for a short Breath, 499
Good for the shortnesse of Breath, 364, 436, 502, 506, 513, 533
For a stinking Breath, 529
To make a sweet Breath, ibid
For cold and moist Braines, 335, 427, 448, 481, 482
To abate the ouer-swelling of Maidens Breasts, 600
To helpe paines in the Breast, 500
To heale womens sore Breasts, 590
To draw out broken Bones &c. out of the flesh, 190
For Bruises by fals &c., 479, 608, 610
Good for Burnings or scaldings, 362, 512, 610
C.
To clense Cankers, 364
To procure Castings or vomitings, 189, 434, 442, 489, 532
To stay Casting or vomiting, 477, 480
To feede or make Cattell fat, 348, 440, 442
Causticke or burning plants, 396
The best Coales for Gunpowder, 610
The best Coales for lasting, 608
For the Winde Collicke, 216, 293, 453, 455, 476, 504, 508, 515, 530
To Clense, purge and dry, 276
To set an orient red Colour on the cheeke of a woman, 241
To make a deepe blew Colour, 179, 603
To make a red Colour, ibid
To giue a lustre to a white Colour, 595
To make a yellow Colour, 421
For the Colts euill, or immoderate lust, 499
To warme and comfort Cold griefes, 214, 376, 434, 477, 478, 480, 491
Cooling and drying, 323, 353, 378, 421, 438, 486, 499, 528, 562, 557, 564, 576, 562, 568, 576, 578, 590, 594, 598, 602, 603, 607
Cooling and moistning, 234, 283, 380, 432, 579
For a Consumption, 519, 608
Cordiall to comfort the heart, 170, 216, 252, 298, 301, 314, 328, 421, 427, 436, 450, 480, 482, 483, 526, 528, 530, 558, 586
For the Cough in young children, 502
Good for Coughes and colds, 134, 295, 513, 533, 562, 567, 575, 584, 586
Mithridates Counterpoyson, 567
Good for Crampes and shrinking of sinews, 425
D.
To procure an easie and speedy Deliuery to women in trauell, 40, 199, 274, 410
To stay rheumaticke Distillations, 288, 376, 386, 427
To cure the biting of a mad Dogge, 300, 353, 482
To helpe the Dropsie, 235, 290, 353
To cause Drowsinesse like vnto drunkennes, 362
E.
For paines in the Eares, 580, 584
Good for sore and weake Eyes, 216, 421, 427, 479, 530
Hurtfull to the head and Eyes, 489
For the Epilepsie or falling sicknesse, 194, 335, 344, 456, 477, 502
F.
To cleanse the Face, and other parts of the skinne and make it fresh, 40, 189, 247, 336, 396, 500, 502, 521, 528, 566, 584, 589, 600
For the Falling sicknesse, 194, 335, 344, 456, 477, 502
Farsing or faseting herbes, 474, 476, 478
To heale Felons on the ioynts of the fingers, 492
To procure the Feminine courses, 289, 335, 453, 456, 477, 479, 491
To stay the Feminine or menstruall courses, 372, 396, 480, 486, 608, 611
To cleanse Fistula’s, 364
To expell thin Flegme, 477
To extenuate & expectorate tough Flegme, 134, 264, 436, 448, 456, 477, 500, 529, 530, 533, 608
For the bloody Flixe and all other Fluxes, 193, 231, 372, 425, 431, 446, 483, 486, 568, 595, 602, 605, 608, 611
To take away Freckles, spots, &c., 500, 566
For the French disease, 283, 353, 606
G.
To stay the Gonorrhæa or running of the reynes, 608
Good for the Gout, 349
H.
To cause the haire to grow, 566
For the falling of the Haire, 425
Hurtfull to the Head and eyes, 489
Good for the Head and Heart, 134, 170, 298, 426, 455, 474, 530, 586
Good for the Head and stomack, 455, 474, 530, 586
For paines in the Head, 288, 292, 426, 448, 499
For the swimming and dissinesse of the Head, 241, 247, 586
For the passion of the Heart, and to make it merry, 480, 528, 529, 589
To expell venemous vapours from the Heart, 170, 301, 529, 530, 586
To procure Health, 477, 478
To ease the Hemorrhodes or piles, 513, 580
For an Hoarsenesse, 580, 584, 600
For the bots in Horses, 606, 607
For the cough in Horses, 595
To stay the Hickock, 494
To purge flegmaticke and watery Humours, 329
I.
For the yellow Iaundise, 132, 134, 150, 170, 275, 290, 531, 562
To make excellent Inke, 431
To asswage hot Inflammations, 362, 378, 380
To helpe the Itching of the Head, 477
To cure the Itch, 380
K.
To heale exulcerated Kidneyes, 533
L.
To stay a Laske or loosenesse, 321, 323, 421, 425, 446, 483, 562, 568, 570, 571, 578, 595
For the Lepry and deformity of the skin, 306
For chapt Lips and hands &c., 589
To tanne or thicken Leather, 611
To clense the Liuer, 484, 532
To coole and strengthen the Liuer, 226, 448, 486
Good for the Lunges and old coughes, 134, 249, 300, 353, 364, 436, 448, 456, 477, 502, 506, 513, 529, 530, 533, 600, 608
To stay immoderate lust, 499, 529
M.
To take away blew Markes, 427, 500, 502, 566
For the Measels and small pocks, 170, 216
To straw on Meate, 474, 476
For Melancholicke diseases, 345, 450, 448, 455, 510, 589
To comfort & strengthen cold and weake Members, 170, 290, 407, 427, 448, 449, 453, 474, 477, 491, 598
To strengthen the Memory, 427, 428
To keep Milke from curdling in the stomacke, 482
To increase Milke in womens breasts, 440, 504
For the Morphew and other discolourings of the skin, 336, 396, 427, 566
For the Mother in women, 344, 378
To keep garments from Moths, 376, 611
To engender Moths, 386
Good to wash and clense the Mouth, 428, 431, 446, 528, 557, 564, 598
To cure Vlcers in the Mouth, 431
For a surfet of Mushroms, 513
N.
To waste Nature, 530
For a cricke in the Necke, 66
To procure Neesing, 189, 289
To stay bleeding at the Nose, 396
O.
To open Obstructions, 448, 484, 492, 532
To take away the offence of the smell of Onions, Garlicke, Leekes &c., 512
A remedie for them that haue taken Opium too liberally, 289
P.
To ease Paines, 290, 370
For the Palsie, 241, 247
For the Plague or pestilentiall feuers, 160, 170, 216, 275, 298, 328, 333, 335, 353, 483, 495, 513, 529, 530, 586, 595, 603
From whence Pitch is made, 600
For the small Pocks, 170, 216
An especiall Antidote against Poyson, 134, 339, 353
Against the Poyson of the Helmet flower and other venemous herbes, and against all other infectious diseases, 216, 333, 335, 353, 483, 529
Against the Poyson of the Spider Phalangium, Scorpions, Serpents, and other venemous beasts, 152, 301, 328, 333, 335, 402, 453, 477, 607
To take away the strength of certaine Poysons, 590
Poyson to all fourefooted beasts, 402
For sweet Pouthers and sweet bags, 189, 421, 450, 453, 586
To Purge gently, 284, 421, 566
To Purge vehemently, and stubborne diseases, 189, 346, 360, 400, 562
To fatten Pullen, 440, 442
R.
To restore Rauishment, 600
To hinder young persons from growing Ripe too soone, 132
Fences of Reedes as good as wals, 510
To draw Rheume, 214, 288, 292
To stay Rheumaticke distillations, 287, 288, 376, 427, 482
From whence Rossen is made, 60
Good for Ruptures, 602
S.
To put into Sawsages &c., 476, 477, 478, 480, 482
For Scaldings and burnings, 362, 512
To take away Scars and markes, 223, 247, 336, 521, 568
For the Sciatica or paine in the hippes and ioynts, 160, 442
To clense the head of Scurfe, 134, 396, 477, 479, 607
For the Scurvie, 389, 510
To increase Seede, 524
To ease paines in the Sides, 532, 599
To cleare the Sight, 134, 427, 479, 530
To comfort the Sinewes and ioynts, 426, 427, 477, 478, 480, 595, 599
For the shrinking of Sinewes, 425, 426, 599
To procure Sleepe, 286, 362, 378, 499
To keep the body Soluble, 333, 376, 421, 480, 488, 495, 566, 578, 582
To clense the head of running Sores, 134, 607
To breake plague Sores, 223, 300
Good for Sores and wounds, 303, 446, 600
Good for the Spleene, 198, 288, 455, 456, 474, 490, 502, 510, 530, 610
To draw out Splinters &c. out of the flesh, 190
Good for Stitches, 599
Good for the Stomacke and Liuer, 134, 353, 455, 473, 483, 491, 532
Hurtfull to the head and Stomacke, 489, 607
For cold and windy Stomacks, 301, 455, 476, 491, 495, 586
To coole an hot Stomacke, 380, 486, 499, 525, 526, 528, 558, 560, 562, 566, 575, 584, 589
To warme a cold Stomacke, 474, 477, 480, 482, 495, 500, 515, 529, 586, 598
For the Stone in the reynes and kidneyes, 230, 274, 293, 335, 370, 425, 492, 503, 504, 510, 521, 526, 532, 533, 566, 575, 582, 584, 607, 608, 611
For the Strangury, 491
Good against Surfets, 287
To cause Surfets, 582
To prouoke Sweating, 264, 290, 532
To helpe Swounings, 274, 301, 529
T.
To draw out Thornes &c. out of the flesh, 190
Good for swollen Throats, 300
To wash the mouth and Throate, 357, 478, 528, 598
For the Tooth-ach, 134, 292
The poore mans Treakle, 514
For Trageas or dredges, 573
Common Turpentine from whence it is taken, 600
Venice Turpentine from whence it is taken, 600, 608
V.
To helpe Venery, 66, 190, 193, 194, 502, 506, 524
To take away Vermine and Lice in the head &c., 477
To recouer the Voyce being lost, 513
To cicatrise old Vlcers, 275, 364
To clense Vlcers, 492, 580
For running Vlcers, 364, 595
To procure Vomiting, 189, 439, 442, 532
To stay Vomiting, 477, 480
To cure the biting of a Viper or Adder, 302
To cause the Vrine to seeme blood, 433
For the stopping of Vrine, 132, 264, 353, 376, 453, 456, 483, 491, 492, 502, 503, 506, 508, 515, 525, 530, 532, 533, 582, 602, 608
W.
To purge watery humours, 329
To make sweete Waters, 421, 450, 453, 428
To breake Winde, 301, 455, 476, 491, 494, 508, 515, 529, 530, 575, 586
To stay the longing of Women with childe, 561, 564
For the Wormes, 134, 216, 336, 345, 449, 482, 483, 500, 502, 532, 582, 607
Good to cure Wounds, 241, 252, 364, 389, 445, 446, 456, 480, 483, 492
Good Wound herbes, 230, 231, 235, 241, 323, 383, 389, 406
Faults escaped in some Copies.
Folio 8. line 14. for own reade home. f. 12. l. 27. for trouble reade treble. f. 42. l. 5. reade, like vnto that of a Lilly. f. 66. l. 42. χίρου read κρίνου or λεῖριου. f. 73. l. 37. for top of the flower, read cup. f. 134. l. 36. for composed reade compassed. f. 150. l. 4. for hath, reade haue, and line 5 for is are. f. 173. l. 12. put out these Wordes, the inside, in the beginning of the line. f. 189. l. 38. reade Binis florum ordinibus. f. 218. l. 19. reade goulons, and l. 28. pratensis. f. 272. l. 36. read Pothos. f. 276. l. 12. Chelidonia. f. 281. l. 37. for hath, haue, and l. 28. Mastuerzo. f. 284. l. 15. Vicenza. f. 287. l. 39. Citrina. f. 290. l. 39. reade prouoke, and, helpe. f. 329. l. 37. for Melancholicke, reade Flegmaticke. f. 330, 331, 333. reade Eryngium in all places. f. 336. l. 8. reade, and not very flat. f. 356. l. 31. Americanum. f. 357. l. 26. Cervicaria. f. 358. l. 45. reade, before it can haue. f. 372. l. 9. blot out, except it. f. 389. for spockes, reade smockes. f. 393. l. 3. in the margent for cæruleo, read pleno. f. 397. l. 10. reade dwarfe. f. 424. l. 45. Hirculus. f. 428. l. 20. Tarentina. f. 431. l. 10. Cyprium. l. 19. Amomum. f. 438. l. 17. for Dioscorides, reade Theophrastus. f. 442. l. 3. for castings reade purgings. f. 509. l. 35. reade γογγύλη. f. 513. l. 24. transferre all that clause of Onions vnto the other side, vnder the vse of Onions. f. 516. l. 37. transferre these words, [Bauhinus vpon Matthiolus calleth it Solanum tuberosum esculentum] vnto the former Potatoes of Virginia. f. 520. l. 13. for swelleth, read smelleth. f. 541. l. 51. reade, after your stockes raysed from stones. f. 566. l. 20. for as, read and, and l. 29. euery one. f. 567. l. 24. for Rice, read Rue. f. 575. l. 8. reade serue to be ministred to the sicke. f. 588. l. 3. Capandu. f. 594. l. 18. for facility, read faculty. f. 595. l. 39. reade Ricinus. f. 600. l. 4. Fuchsius.
LONDON, Printed by HVMFREY LOWNES and ROBERT YOVNG at the signe of the Starre on Bread-street hill, 1629.
Transcriber’s Note
Frontispiece--The Tetragrammaton (ְיֹהָוה) is printed within the sun at the top of the image of the Garden of Eden. The text in the frontispiece had some characters which were difficult to make out, the transcription given above for the frontispiece is our best attempt.
On page 299 in “The Names” section, “usually” is left as printed. “Saluia” is sometimes printed as “Salvia” and “maior” as “major”. The word “fœmina” is often printed “fæmina”.
In the indexes the letter “v” is sometimes used where a “u” is used in the body of the book. Similarly “e” or even “œ” is sometimes used in the index where an “æ” is used in the body of the book. Some pairs of characters, “ct” “st” and “sh” were originally printed as ligatures.
The main divisions of the book started with a decoration, and an illustrated capital letter, they also sometimes ended with a decoration.
There is no chapter CX. and there are two chapters CXXXI. in “The Garden of pleasant Flowers”.
In the illustration on page 505, there is no corresponding caption for label 8.
Numbered lists of plants, in Latin and English, were originally printed with the Latin on the left, and English on the right. These are here shown one under the other.
Changes made to the text are:
Greek-Ligatures in quotations from the Greek have been expanded, and accents and punctuation have been corrected.
An abbreviation, printed as a lowercase g with a comma above and a cedilla after, has been represented by “q.” throughout. The ligature “ȣ”, has been expanded to “ου” throughout.
Punctuation has been standardized in ordered lists, headings, indexes and the “Faults escaped in some Copies”. Numbered sections have had the occasional misnumbering corrected, and the occasional irregular indentation standardized.
In the last two indexes, the indexed words are usually in italics, unitalicized indexed words have been left as printed.
Other changes made in the Main part of the book are:
Page 8: “peasure” has been changed to “pleasure” in the subtitle of Chapter IV. Page 16: “Caminus” has been changed to “Caninus” in “Dens Caninus”. Page 21: “remoue into them into the shadow” has been changed to “remoue them into the shadow”. Page 39: “Diues” changed to “Diuers” in the Vertues section of the White Lilly of Constantinople. Page 40: “Frillaria” changed to “Fritillaria” in the title of the common checkerd Daffodill. Page 49: “siimilis” changed to similis in point 5 of Tulipa præcox rubra. Page 55: “diuer simodè” changed to “diuersimodè” in point 14 of Tulipa media alba. Page 56: “buius varietas” changed to “huius varietas” in the last point of Tulipa media alba. “or as” changed to “oras” in point 11 of Tulipa media purpurea. Page 63: “probabilty” changed to “probability” in the paragraph starting “For the choise of your seede to sowe”. Closing bracket added after “Cloth of silver” in the same paragraph. Page 65: “norman” changed to “normam” in “tanquam ad normam” at the end of the general description of tulips. Page 71: “Mattenese” changed to “Mattenesse”, and “Nomparelle” changed to “Nompareille” in the caption for label 2. Page 91: “while” changed to “white” in “The double white Daffodill of Virginia”. Page 170: “Mæfiacus” changed to “Mæsiacus” in the last line of the “Names” section. Page 186: “Chamairis” changed to “Chamæiris” the title of Section 1. Page 218: “lilo vnto” changed to “like vnto” in Section 7. Page 243: “Paralysis fatua” changed to “Paralysis fatuo” in the caption for Primroses and Cowslips. Page 272: “Phytobafanos” changed to “Phytobasanos” in the Names section. Page 281: “familar” changed to “familiar” in the Place section. Page 304: “Fistuluso” has been changed to “Fistuloso” in the Names section. Page 312: “Master Ralph Truggie” has been changed to “Master Ralph Tuggie”. Page 336: The sentence with the sidenote “Minimus” has been moved to a paragraph on its own. Page 378: “דודאימ” changed to “דודאים” in the Vertues section. Page 380: “Lycoperficum of Galen” changed to “Lycopersicum of Galen”. Page 399: “Maurocerasus” changed to “Laurocerasus”. Page 423: “Frisucus” changed to “Frisicus”. Page 433: “Theoprastus” changed to “Theophrastus” in the Names section. Page 434: “Cassana” changed to “Cassaua” in the Names section. Page 437: Opening bracket added before “which they gathered to put among other flowers, for Nosegayes” in the first paragraph of Chapter CXIX. Page 438: “Liburnum” changed to “Laburnum” in the first paragraph of Chapter CXX. Page 555: “the side walks of a chamber” changed to “the side walls of a chamber”. Page 600: The “Use of Fir Trees” section has been endented to match similar sections.
Other changes made to the Indexes are:
Page 1: The page number for the general Aconites section has been added to the entry “Aconitum bacciferum, i.e. Christophoriana”. “Agluophotis” changed to “Aglaophotis”. The page number for “Arbor Vitæ” changed from 438 to 436. Page 2: The page number for “Campanula persicifolia alba & cærulea” changed from 351 to 353. “Ledum Alpidum” changed to “Ledum Alpinum” in the entry for “Chamærhododendros Chamælææfolio Lobelij”. Page 3: “Draba siue Arabis Dodonæi” moved up one line to be in alphabetic order. The page number for “Cyprus Plinij” changed from 414 to 411. The page number for “Frutex Coronarius Clusij” changed from 414 to 410. Page 4: “Gesneri” changed to “Hermodactylus Gesneri”. The page number for “Lilium conuallium” changed from 340 to 349. Page 5: The page number for “Narcissus Iacobæus” changed from 169 to 69. The page number for “Mirabilia Peruviana” changed from 394 to 364. Page 6: The page number for “Scilla rubra” in the entry for “Pancratium” changed from 153 to 133. Page 7: “Sambacus” changed to “Sambucus”. Page 10: “Lædies smockes double” changed to “Ladies smockes double”. Page 15: “For the shrinking of Sinewes” moved up three lines to be in alphabetic order.