II. PROFESSIONAL COMMERCIAL SERVICE (part 2 of 2)
Principles of the balanced layout.--Balanced layout defined, how to plan the balanced layout, important points to observe, examples of balanced layout, practice exercises in balanced layouts.
Border lines, underscore, space fillers, and panels.--Brush ruling, how to draw an ellipse, initial panel, initial letters, a few card kinks.
The group layout.--How to plan the group layout, examples of group layout, practice exercises in group layout.
Combination layout.--Purpose of the combination layout, how to divide the phrase into display lines and groups for the combination layout, examples of combination layouts, exercises in combination layouts.
Price tickets.--Normal style price tickets, bold style price tickets, small price tickets, fancy price tickets, illustrative price tickets, practice exercises.
Illustrated show cards.--Sources of ideas, tracing from clipped illustrations, how to use the pantograph for enlarging illustrations, the mirrorscope, examples of appropriate designs for various purposes, exercises in illustrated show cards.
Principles of colors--Color contrasts.--How to mix water-color paint, color effects; color combination; mixing standard colors to produce shades, tints, and unusual colors; lessons in color combinations.
Show card embellishment.--Dry-color blending; spatter work; relief lettering; applying metallics, diamond dust, flock, etc.; phrase and picture tiling; seasonable embellishments; floral decorations; poster cut-outs; silhouettes; how to paint muslin signs.
Instruction in the use of the air brush.--Principles of the air brush; sectional view of an air brush; illustrating and describing all important parts; air pressure; how to put a gas outfit together; colors for air-brush use; how to use the air brush; care of the air brush; how to cut stencils; practice exercises to gain control of brush; color blending; exercises in the use of stencil designs.
Lesson plate No. 21.--Single-stroke alphabet and numerals for modern speed ball pen lettering.
Lesson plate No. 22.--Uniform single-stroke alphabet and numerals for Payzant pen lettering.
Lesson plate No. 23.--Single-stroke Payzant or speed ball pen alphabet with retouched spurs.
Lesson plate No. 24.--Speed ball pen initial capitals, retouched and embellished.
Lesson plate No. 25.--Outline Roman initial, embellished capitals, plain lower-case letters.
Lesson plate No. 26.--Modern Roman and fancy alphabets for music pen lettering.
Lesson plate No. 27.--Old English text pen, and small speed ball pen alphabets.
Lesson plate No. 28.--Speed ball pen alphabets.
Lesson plate No. 29.--Rapid single-stroke antique Roman brush alphabet.
Lesson plate No. 30.--Rapid single-stroke modified Roman brush alphabet.
Lesson plate No. 31.-Single-stroke antique alphabet and numerals.
QUALIFICATIONS
Anyone who can learn to write can learn to draw or paint letters for show cards. It is not essential to have artistic ability, although this would be an asset in the trade; a steady hand and a correct eye are the only requirements, and it is well to remember that “the sight that insures correct drawing is not that of the eye only, but of the mind.”
HANDICAPS
Good eyesight is essential, but almost no handicap other than blindness, or the loss of both arms, is prohibitive. It is an advantage to have both hands, but the fact that one-armed men have so clearly demonstrated their ability to write as legibly as others with both hands indicates that the difficulty for a man with one hand becoming a show-card writer be overcome.
DESIRABILITY FOR THE DISABLED MAN
The work is not heavy, the hours may be adjusted to the strength of the worker, the prospects for work in the trade are favorable, and the pay is good--all of which characterizes the trade as one suitable for disabled men. A chief attraction which show-card writing holds out for the handicapped man is the freedom allowed in the choice of a working place. He may be independent, not only in the place of his work, but in selecting his own hours for work. This liberty means much for a man who is physically below normal. The conditions under which a writer of show cards works are favorable, both as to time and place.
REMUNERATION
Show-card writing is a fascinating art and brings good profits. For this reason its appeal will be strong to the wounded soldier.
An exact standard of prices has never been possible for card writing, as so much depends upon the quality of the work and the time required to make the cards. The cost of the material is negligible; but show cards have an intrinsic value to the merchant, who is usually willing to pay for them.
Card writers make from $25 to $75 a week. Advertising cards, being of a temporary nature, must be inexpensive. Rapidity is necessary, in order to make it profitable, as the writers are usually paid by piece-work. The example may be cited of a hunchback who began show-card writing at $3 a week and by his energy and application rose to a salary of $40 in a short while.
A lack of application or giving way to discouragement over first attempts may cause failure, but for no other reason should a disabled man who desires to become a writer of trade cards feel the slightest fear of the undertaking. Begin the course with a determination to succeed, and remember that lack of confidence is not conducive to success in any trade. Learn the principle strokes with great care, practice diligently until dexterity is acquired, work without hesitation, boldly and with enthusiasm, and in a short time there will be acquired expertness in a trade which is interesting, agreeable, and lucrative.
PLAN No. 1237. THE PRINTING TRADES
This monograph was prepared by T. G. McGrew, Superintendent of the United Typothetæ of America, School of Printing, Indianapolis, Ind., under the direction of Charles H. Winslow, Chief of the Research Division of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. Acknowledgment is due to Marden Scott, President of the International Typographical Union, Dr. Frederick W. Hamilton, and Henry P. Porter, for valuable suggestions and advice in the preparation of this monograph and to Dr. John Cummings of the Research Division for editorial assistance.
PRINTING AS AN OCCUPATION
The printing industry is both a profession and a trade. It is essentially an occupation of intelligence, the mechanical processes of which require a high degree of specialized skill and training. Printing in the United States employs nearly half a million people. The trade is not confined to any particular locality, but is practiced in all parts of the country. The number of printing establishments in any city is a comparatively accurate index to its size and commercial importance; therefore, the competent man in the printing business is not restricted to certain localities or conditions.
The printing trade develops intellectually, as a printer must be well read in the very nature of his occupation. His work is skillful, but not extremely arduous, and the eight-hour day is practically standard. Wages in the various branches average from $15 to $40 per week, with special and executive positions commanding higher salaries.
FUTURE OF THE BUSINESS
This is an age of rapid industrial changes, and new inventions may render certain occupations almost obsolete in a night. It is unwise to enter some lines of industry because the demand is lessening, the business decreasing, and the future uncertain. This is not the case, however, in regard to printing, which is a growing business. The use of printing is increasing in every field of industry. In so far as human judgment can determine, it will continue as an essential industry, and twenty years from now there will be unmeasurably more product than there is today.
PRODUCTS OF PRINTING
Printing has been aptly designated “the art preservative of all arts.” The product of the printer’s trade is so well known as to require little comment. Books, periodicals, newspapers, commercial forms, advertising literature, and other products of the press form a competent part of the business and social structure of all civilized nations, and are integral parts of the daily life of practically every individual. Hardly any other field of human activity has a product so universally used.
ORGANIZATION OF THE INDUSTRY
Of all the trades, printing is one of the best organized, both on the part of employers and of employees. There are few strikes, as arbitration agreements are in effect, and work is seldom interrupted. The various organizations use their dues to much better advantage than in financing internecine struggles.
The employers’ associations maintain many activities for improving conditions in the business, including installation of cost systems, maintenance of trade schools, advertising service, and provision of educational courses.
The unions pay old-age pensions, death benefits, and sick benefits. They provide homes for the aged and indigent, sanatoriums for the sick, and instruction for apprentices.
All these organizations aid morally and financially in promoting education for the craft.
ENVIRONMENT OF WORKERS
The printing business is entirely shop and office work. There is no exposure, nor is the trade affected materially by weather conditions. The work is more uniform in volume than in many other trades. Only a few of the processes have special hazards, and the health of printers compares favorably with that of other indoor trades.
ENTERING THE TRADE
The printing trade embraces several distinct branches, chief among which are composition, including hand and machine, presswork, and bindery. Each of these is subdivided into a number of processes. The regular apprenticeship is 5 years for each branch of the trade. Very few men are proficient in more than one branch, the nature of the business being such that specialization is necessary for both the trade and the individual.
Within the last few years, technical schools have been established which aid in training for the industry. It must be clearly understood that the schools are interconnected with the trade, and are for the purpose of adding to shop training and not superseding it. An indispensable requisite of the printing industry is thorough intensive training and experience. In common with other worth while things, it can not be hurriedly or superficially mastered. Time and work both are necessary.
PRINTING COURSES FOR THE DISABLED
Men disabled in the war who may be interested in printing will naturally fall into two classes: those formerly employed in the trade, and those without trade experience.
If you belong to the first class and have worked at the trade, we would unhesitatingly urge you to continue in it in some capacity. Special efforts will be made by all trade organizations to enable you to do so. Your previous training and experience should not be thrown away, but should on the contrary be used as the foundation for specialization, either in your own particular branch of work or in some allied branch.
The Government is offering you the opportunity to greatly improve your ability by technical training. You can return to the trade more expert by adding to your previous experience the training of one or more of the courses offered. This will give you a better position than you held before entering upon military service. It will enable you to earn more money, and to be more valuable to the trade and to the Nation.
If you are interested in the trade but have never worked at it, there is only one right way to begin--through thorough preparation. We should consider ourselves delinquent in our duty if we did not impress on you that competency is the result of sufficient time, proper prerequisites, and practical trade experience. Printing requires a high degree of skill, speed, and accuracy. These essentials can not be acquired superficially. The Government, the schools, and the trade are prepared to furnish you this preparation, asking from you only the time and effort necessary to do it right.
The accompanying chart affords detailed information regarding the various positions for which training is provided.
Chart showing character of occupation, qualifications, requirements, and training for various positions in the printing industry.
===============+=================+=================+=================+ Occupation. | Character | Work requires. | Qualifications. | | of occupation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 1. Hand |Setting ads, |Walking, bending |Good general | compositor |jobs, and general|over, standing at|education, | (ad. and |printing, make-up|cases, and |technical | job). |of machine |handling various |knowledge of | |composition, |tools, type, and |typesetting, | |paging, |other small |styles of | |distribution, and|articles. |composition, | |other composing | |principles of | |room work. | |design, color | | | |harmony, etc. | | | | | 2. Linotype |Operating |Work is mostly in|Good general | operator. |keyboard of slug |sitting posture, |education, | |casting machines |rising |capitalization, | |for production of|occasionally. |division of | |all classes of |Operation of |words, | |composition; |keyboard, |punctuation, and | |knowledge of |somewhat similar |spelling. | |mechanism to |to typewriter. |Experience in | |operate. | |setting type. | | | |Knowledge of | | | |styles of | | | |composition. | | | | | 3. Linotype |To make all |Work necessitates|Experience in | machinist. |adjustments and |walking, bending,|printing | |repairs on slug |and reaching in |sufficient for | |casting machines |the repair and |adjustment of | |and erect |adjustment of |machine, general | |machines. |machines. |knowledge of | | | |mechanics, and | | | |use of tools. | | | |Specialized | | | |training in | | | |repair and | | | |adjustments of | | | |machine. | | | | | 4. Linotype |Operating |Work requires all|Combination of | machinist- |keyboard and |physical |all essential | operator. |sufficient |movements |requirements of | |knowledge of |necessary for |keyboard operator| |mechanism to keep|manipulation of |and machinist. | |machine in |keyboard and | | |running order. |adjustment of | | | |machines. | | | | | | 5. Monotype |Operation of |Physical exertion|Good general | keyboard |keyboard of |is about the same|education in | operator. |monotype machine |as operating a |punctuation, | |for all styles of|typewriter; |spelling, | |composition. |operator is |experience in | | |seated and little|hand composition | | |walking required.|on all classes of| | | |work. | | | | | 6. Monotype |Operation of |Work is standing.|Experience in | machinist. |monotype caster |Considerable |printing, | |on composition |walking, bending,|knowledge of type| |and casting type,|and stooping in |sizes and | |borders, rules, |adjustment and |measurements, | |etc. Making |running of |general knowledge| |adjustments and |machine. |of mechanics and | |repairs on caster| |use of tools. | |and keyboard. | |Thorough training| | | |in repair and | | | |adjustment of | | | |machine. | | | | | 7. Monotype |Operating |Requires all |Combination of | combina- |keyboard and |physical |all essential | tion. |running caster. A|movements |requirements of | |combination of |designated as |keyboard operator| |the functions of |essential in |and machinist. | |keyboard operator|operation of | | |and caster |keyboard and | | |runner. |caster. | | | | | | 8. Stoneman. |Imposition and |Work is standing |Expert knowledge | |lock up of forms,|or walking about |of imposition for| |figuring margins,|imposing stone. |hand and machine | |etc. |Constant use of |folding, margins,| | |hands and arms. |sizes of paper, | | | |lockup job, and | | | |cylinder forms, | | | |plates, and | | | |bases. | | | | | 9. Composing |Supervision of |Physical movement|Good technical | room |all work produced|a variable |knowledge of | foreman. |in composing room|factor, much of |printing, | |by hand and |work can be |practical | |machine. |handled from desk|composing room | | |if necessary. |experience, | | | |disposition to | | | |direct, assume | | | |responsibility | | | |with capacity to | | | |plan production. | | | | | 10. Copyholder.|Assistant to |Reading and |Good education, | |proof reader, |assisting proof |ability to read | |reading the copy |reader. |clearly and | |with proof reader| |accurately. Such | |for corrections. | |knowledge of the | | | |trade as will | | | |enable him to | | | |competently | | | |assist proof | | | |readers. | | | | | 11. Proof |Marking errors in|Work seated at |Good education | reader. |proof sheets in |table or desk. |and thorough | |composition, | |training in | |revising, etc. | |punctuation and | | | |English, proof | | | |readers marks, | | | |methods of | | | |correction. | | | |Technical | | | |knowledge of | | | |printing. | | | | | 12. Copy |Writing or |Desk work |Good education, | writer. |editing copy for |entirely. |particularly in | |ads, booklets, | |English and | |and other details| |expression, | |connected with | |ability to | |advertising and | |analyze service, | |other work. | |and write | | | |forceful | | | |descriptive | | | |matter. Should be| | | |familiar with | | | |different kinds | | | |of printing and | | | |its | | | |possibilities. | | | | | 13. Assistant |Feeding press, |Constant movement|Must be able to | pressman, |assisting |of hands and |feed to register,| platen or |pressman in make-|arms; |keep up color, | cylinder. |ready, oiling and|considerable |have speed and | |washing up |standing and |accuracy, know | |presses, handling|lifting of paper |how to put in | |stock, etc. |and rollers. |rollers, keep up | | | |presses, oil, | | | |washup and assist| | | |pressman in make-| | | |ready, etc., | | | |common school | | | |education. | | | | | 14. Pressman, |Making ready type|This line of work|Practical | platen or |and plates for |requires |experience in | cylinder. |printing, |movements of |trade, good | |registering |nearly all parts |education, | |forms, mechanism |of body; |artistic sense, | |and adjustments |involving |mechanical | |of presses, |walking, bending,|ability, training| |proper use of |stooping, |in all process of| |inks, mixing |constant use of |make-ready. | |colors, printing |fingers, arms, | | |qualities of |and hands. | | |papers. | | | | | | | 15. Press |Supervision of |Requires walking |Shop experience, | foreman. |all work in press|and supervision |knowledge of | |department, |in directing |mechanical | |knowledge of time|work, also work |processes, | |tickets and |at desk in |capacity to | |production |sitting posture. |organise | |records. | |production and | |Familiarity with | |direct work. | |the mechanical | |Education | |processes of the | |sufficient to | |pressroom. | |handle record | | | |forms, make up | | | |reports, etc. | | | | | 16. Bindery |Setting and |Operation of |Practical | worker. |feeding folding |various machines |knowledge of | |machines, hand |requires use of |bindery | |folding, |hands, arms, and |machinery, | |adjustment and |legs. Work |bindery | |operation of |requires both |operations, | |stitchers and |standing and |technical | |other bindery |sitting position.|knowledge of | |machinery. | |imposition and | | | |margins, | | | |knowledge of | | | |special | | | |operations, such | | | |as round | | | |cornering, | | | |punching, | | | |indexing, etc. | | | | | 17. Stockman |Operation of |Must be in |Knowledge of | and paper |cutting machine, |sufficiently good|standard | cutter. |figuring cuts, |physical |qualities, kinds,| |sizes of stock, |condition to lift|sizes, weights, | |etc. Supervision |and handle paper,|and finish of | |of stock, |keep record on |paper. Know how | |receiving, |same and operate |to receive, store| |issuing, and |cutting machine. |and disburse | |storing. | |stock, make out | | | |and handle | | | |requisitions and | | | |stock room | | | |records. Be able | | | |to perform | | | |mechanical | | | |operation on | | | |machine, figure | | | |and cut stock, | | | |trim books, etc. | | | | | 18. Printing |The teaching of |Care and |Must be practical| instructor.|printing to |thoroughness more|printer, have | |apprentices or |essential than |good standing in | |students of |speed, much work |trade, ability to| |vocational |can be done |teach, careful, | |classes. Proper |seated. Requires |thorough, | |functioning with |use of hands and |patient, | |trade in thorough|arms while |cooperative | |training along |standing at case |disposition. | |practical lines. |or platen press. | | | | | | 19. Cost clerk.|Keeping cost |This is clerical |Good education, | |records, posting |and mostly desk |quick and | |time tickets, |work which may be|accurate at | |compiling |done standing, or|figures, | |statements of |sitting on stool |preferably a | |cost and other |or chair. Some |knowledge of | |clerical details.|walking. |printing | | | |operations. | | | | | 20. Layout man.|Making sketches |Desk work |Knowledge of type| |and layouts, |entirely. |faces, | |designating type | |composition, | |and decorations, | |paper and color. | |selecting paper | |Have training in | |and inks for jobs| |drawing, | |and ads. | |lettering, | | | |principles of | | | |design and be | | | |well informed on | | | |reproductive | | | |processes. | | | | | 21. Printing |Marketing the |Must be able to |General knowledge| salesman. |printers product,|exercise all the |of printing | |developing new |physical |business, | |business, acting |functions |particularly of | |as representative|necessary to |paper and | |of the printer to|locate business |engraving, type | |the customer. |and obtain it. |faces, etc. | | | |Should be a | | | |specialist in | | | |business | | | |development and | | | |capable of | | | |affording real | | | |printing service | | | |to the customer. | | | | | 22. Estimator. |Figuring the |Desk work. No |Practical | |amounts of |physical exertion|experience in | |material; |necessary, except|printing | |processes, time |involved in |business, | |required and |handling samples,|informed about | |other factors of |cost records and |paper, ink, | |cost necessary to|figuring. |engraving and | |furnish prices on| |other materials | |printing, | |and processes. | |cooperating with | |Knowledge of | |sales and | |costs. | |manufacturing | | | |departments. | | | | | | | 23. Super- |Management of |Work at desk and |Practical | intendent |operations of |in different |information | and |plant as a whole,|portions of the |regarding all | manager. |determination of |plant, more |manufacturing | |methods of |mental than |processes, | |manufacture, |physical, but |knowledge of cost| |cooperative |must be able to |accounting and | |connection with |get around |estimating, | |all activities of|departments in |ability to | |the business. |control of |organize | | |operations. |departments, plan| | | |production, | | | |direct | | | |operations, and | | | |deal with men. | | | | | 24. Proprietor.|Directing the |Work may of |This presupposes | |policy and |course be |a knowledge of | |operation of the |adjusted to |business with | |business from the|conditions. Desk |specialization in| |standpoint of |work is essential|printing plant | |ownership and |in control of |costs, | |profits. |business if |management, | | |active part is |sales, service, | | |taken in |product and | | |management. |organization. | ---------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
===============+=========+========+=======================+=========== Occupation. |Wages per|Hours of| Physical | Training | week. | labor | requirements. |needed by | | daily. | |journeyman | | | | workman. | | | | [43] ---------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+----------- 1. Hand |$20 to | 8 |One eye, both hands, |1 year. compositor |30. | |one leg, (if fitted | (ad. and | | |with usable artificial | job). | | |limb), physical ability| | | |for standing and | | | |stooping, no lifting | | | |required, good hearing | | | |not essential. | | | | | 2. Linotype |25 to 35.| 8 |Good eyes, both hands |6 months. operator. | | |with thumbs, and at | | | |least four fingers, one| | | |leg and artificial | | | |limb, good hearing | | | |desirable but not | | | |essential. | | | | | 3. Linotype |25 to 40.| 8 |Must have good |1 year. machinist. | | |eyesight, two hands, | | | |both legs, unless | | | |artificial limb permits| | | |active use, good | | | |hearing. Work requires | | | |some lifting and much | | | |movement of arms and | | | |body. | | | | | 4. Linotype |25 to 35.| 8 |Requires physical |18 months. machinist- | | |capacity designated for| operator. | | |linotype operators and | | | |machinists. | | | | | 5. Monotype |20 to 30.| 8 |Good eyesight, both |6 months. keyboard | | |hands with one thumb | operator. | | |and enough fingers to | | | |operate; perfect | | | |hearing not necessary. | | | |Work is light, no | | | |lifting or stooping, | | | |sitting posture. | | | | | 6. Monotype |25 to 40.| 8 |One good eye, both |1 year. machinist. | | |hands, one leg, and | | | |artificial limb, good | | | |hearing, no heavy | | | |lifting or strain; work| | | |is standing. | | | | | 7. Monotype |30 to 40.| 8 |Requires physical |18 months. combina- | | |capacity designed for | tion. | | |monotype keyboard | | | |operator and monotype | | | |machinist. | | | | | 8. Stoneman. |25 to 35.| 8 |Work is standing, |6 months. | | |requiring constant | | | |movement of hands and | | | |arms, considerable | | | |lifting of forms. One | | | |good eye and partial | | | |hearing. | | | | | 9. Composing |25 to 60.| 8 |Good eyesight, right |1 year. room | | |arm, and hand, one leg | foreman. | | |(provided artificial | | | |limb permits walking), | | | |little manual labor, | | | |requires good hearing. | | | | | 10. Copyholder.|10 to 20.| 8 |Good eyesight, hearing,|6 months. | | |and articulation, one | | | |arm and hand, work | | | |requires no standing or| | | |lifting and little | | | |walking. | | | | | 11. Proof |20 to 30.| |Work seated, good |Do. reader. | | |eyesight, and hearing, | | | |must be able to write, | | | |no physical strain. | | | | | 12. Copy |20 to 50.| 8 to 9 |One eye, good hearing, |Do. writer. | | |ability to write, desk | | | |work, no physical | | | |exertion. | | | | | 13. Assistant |15 to 22.| 8 |Good eyesight, two |6 months. pressman, | | |hands and arms, one leg| platen or | | |(with artificial limb),| cylinder. | | |enough fingers to | | | |handle sheets, good | | | |hearing not essential, | | | |work is standing. | | | | | 14. Pressman, |22 to 40.| 8 |Good eyesight and |1 year. platen or | | |hearing, hands, arms, | cylinder. | | |enough fingers to | | | |handle tools and | | | |sheets, work requires | | | |standing, walking, and | | | |movement of upper part | | | |of body. | | | | | 15. Press |30 to 60.| 8 |Good eyesight, hearing,|1 year. foreman. | | |arm and leg if he can | | | |walk on artificial one.| | | |Work mostly supervisory| | | |and at desk. | | | | | 16. Bindery |12 to 25.| 8 |One eye, both hands and|6 months. worker. | | |arms, ability to walk | | | |and stand, although | | | |much of work may be | | | |done seated, foot | | | |control of some | | | |machines, no very heavy| | | |work, may be partly | | | |deaf. | | | | | 17. Stockman |15 to 25.| 8 |Involves lifting of |3 months. and paper | | |stock. Arms, hands, one| cutter. | | |leg (artificial one can| | | |be used), one eye, | | | |partial hearing | | | |desirable. | | | | | 18. Printing |25 to 40.| 6 to 8 |Good hearing, eyesight |1 year. instructor.| | |and articulation, | | | |ability to write, and | | | |demonstrate mechanical | | | |work, no hard physical | | | |work. | | | | | 19. Cost clerk.|15 to 25.| 8 to 9 |One eye, right hand and|6 months. | | |arm. Work may be done | | | |seated, is entirely | | | |clerical, no physical | | | |strain. | | | | | 20. Layout man.|25 to 75.| 8 to 9 |Good eyesight, one arm |1 year. | | |and hand, does not | | | |require walking or any | | | |movement except drawing| | | |designs. Good hearing | | | |not essential. | | | | | 21. Printing |25 to |No fixed|One eye, good hearing, |1 year. salesman. |100. | hours. |one arm and hand, two | | | |legs or equivalent, | | | |good articulation, good| | | |appearance. | | | | | 22. Estimator. |35 to 75.| 8 to 9 |One eye, good hearing, |1 year. | | |one hand and arm, desk | | | |work (very little | | | |walking) no lifting, | | | |little physical | | | |exertion; estimating is| | | |a mental job. | | | | | 23. Super- |50 to |No fixed|Good eyesight, good |2 years. intendent |200. | hours. |hearing, able to walk, | and | | |work is mental. | manager. | | | | | | | | 24. Proprietor.| ... | All the|Should possess such |1 year. | | time. |unimpaired mental and | | | |physical faculties as | | | |will enable him to | | | |conduct his business | | | |under conditions of | | | |individual case. | ---------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-----------
[43] Based on intensive technical training of 35 to 40 hours per week.
Practically all specialized positions in printing are properly based on a journeyman’s experience. In the case of men who have served only partial apprenticeships, or who have no training whatever an individual determination is necessary in each case as to the amount of special education, technical school training, and shop work required to equal the regular apprenticeship foundation.
The very elaborate artificial limbs now available may in many cases enable the individual to meet the physical requirements where the above statement would indicate a difficulty. Each such case must be decided on its merits.
COURSES OF STUDY
For requirements as to previous education and physical condition for each of these courses, see chart. The technical courses are organized to afford the following training. Provision is made for individual instruction where needed, and for classes in English, history of printing, trade arithmetic, and printing design directly connected with the trade work.
1. HAND COMPOSITOR (STRAIGHT MATTER, AD. AND JOB)
Explanation and use of materials and equipment used in the composing room, lay of cases, correct position at frame, straight composition, correcting, proof reader’s marks, distribution, casting-off copy, styles of composition, setting bookwork, tabular matter, ad. and job work, design and layouts, and imposition.
2. LINOTYPE OPERATOR
The construction and operation of the several models of machines, cleaning and care of mats and machine, correct method of fingering and acquiring speed, practice on styles of composition. Proper condition of metal, machine changes, and adjustments.
3. LINOTYPE MACHINIST
Construction and operation of machine, care of mats and machine, cleaning, oiling, overhauling, tearing down machine and assembling, condition of metal, detecting trouble, adjustments. Repair work, care and system of handling sorts and supplies.
4. LINOTYPE MACHINIST OPERATOR
Construction and operation of machine, cleaning mats and machine. Correct method of fingering and acquiring speed. Correct condition of metal, oiling, overhauling and assembling, changing parts.
5. MONOTYPE KEYBOARD OPERATOR
(Monotype is in two units, keyboard and caster.)
Keyboard.--Theory and operation of keyboard, cleaning and care of keyboard, work of keyboard and its relation to the caster, reading perforations, changing keyboard to various layouts, adjustments, practice on styles of composition. Practice for speed.
6. MONOTYPE MACHINIST
Keyboard.--Theory and construction of keyboard, care, adjustment, repairs.
Caster.--Parts of machine, use of micrometer, sizes and handling of type, machine changes, casting of display type, borders, slugs and rules, keeping metal in proper condition, care of machine, adjustments, and repairs.
7. MONOTYPE COMBINATION
Keyboard.--Theory and construction of keyboard cleaning and care, work of keyboard and its relation to caster, reading perforations, changing to various layouts, adjustments.
Caster.--Parts of machine, use of micrometer, type sizes, machine changes, casting display type borders, slug and rule attachments, conditions of metal, care of machine, oiling and adjustments.
8. STONEMAN
Handling of type and forms, locking up forms, imposition for hand and machine folding, study of various folds, kinds of folding machines, margins, sizes of paper, patent blocks and bases, lockups for register and color.
9. COMPOSING ROOM FOREMAN
Composition of straight matter and display, classes of composition, methods of handling, book, tabular, and commercial work by hand and machine, make-up, illustrations and plates, layouts, design and color, paper sizes, kinds and uses, department forms of record, department systems, selection and arrangement of equipment.
10. COPY HOLDER
Technical terms used in printing, sizes and kinds of type, office style, reading reprint and manuscript copy, proof reader’s marks, punctuation, abbreviations, spelling, division of words, reference marks, technical copy, tabular copy. (Special instruction in English of an informational character.)
11. PROOF READER
Details of the course include book, magazine, and newspaper styles, proof reader’s marks, technical terms, orthography, book and magazine make-up, editing copy, proof room rules and procedure, reading, correcting, and revising proofs.
12. COPY WRITER
Proof reader’s marks, punctuation, capitalization, division of words, abbreviations, construction of sentences, paragraphing, writing advertising copy and sales literature, planning and layout of composition, making up dummies, styles of typography, editing copy, analyzing problems of publicity and devising advertising service.
13. ASSISTANT PRESSMAN
Feeding stock, uniformity of color, proper handling of sheets after printing, keeping press in good condition, setting rollers and fountain, principles of make-ready on type and plates.
14. PRESSMAN
Cleanliness and careful use of materials, theory and construction of various types of machines, setting impression screws, bearers, rollers, and other adjustments, registering forms, care of rollers, paper, ink, make-ready and running different grades of work, including half-tones in black and color, process plates, etc. Department details.
15. PRESSROOM FOREMAN
Makes of presses, presses best suited for work on hand, adjustments necessary to keep in good running order, economical ways of running, various folds (hand and machine), inks, paper, color, planning work, production forms, and department management. Arrangement of equipment. Pressroom accessories.
16. BINDERY WORKER
Receiving and handling printed sheets, knowledge of paper, counting, straightening, cutting, folding (hand and machine), gathering, collating, stitching, trimming, punching, numbering, padding, wrapping. (This course deals only with the simpler phases of bindery work.)
17. STOCKMAN AND PAPER CUTTER
Study of various kinds of paper, tests, sizes and weights, economical methods of cutting stock, equivalent weights, methods of figuring stock; care, oiling, cleanliness, and operation of cutters. Stock handling system, perpetual inventory and stock record forms.
18. PRINTING INSTRUCTOR
Work in typesetting, locking forms, make-ready, and feeding on job presses (both theory and practical work), instruction methods and outlines of instruction for classes, trade English, design and arithmetic, visits to printing and allied plants, training as a teacher.
19. COST CLERK
(Based on United Typothetæ of America Standard Cost Finding System.)
Analysis and explanation of cost principles and their application, stockroom systems, time tickets, job records, and operating forms for all departments, recapitulation of plant details of expense and output, compiling statement of cost of production.
20. LAYOUT MAN
Principles of design, type faces, color, paper, making layouts of work for composition, and producing harmonious combinations of stock, illustrations color, and typography; specifications and methods of increasing production, acquiring speed on layouts.
21. PRINTING SALESMAN
(Based upon United Typothetæ of America Standard Salesmanship Course.)
Qualifications of salesman, the printer’s product and market, specialized manufacturing processes, the sales department, customer and business development. Creating business, technical knowledge required, successful salesmanship, practical sales demonstrations in specialized, manufacturing, general, and merchandise printing.
22. ESTIMATOR
(Based upon United Typothetæ of America Standard Estimating Course.)
Details of estimating, including specifications, estimate blanks, figuring stock, artwork, plates, kinds of composition, imposition, presswork (platen and cylinder), and bindery details, copy, ink, engraving, plates, trade customs. Practice in making out specifications, estimating work, and submitting proposals.
23. SUPERINTENDENT AND MANAGER
Estimating, cost finding, forms for composing room, pressroom, stockroom, bindery, trade conditions, processes of composition, presswork, bindery, paper, ink, color, production methods, planning work, organization, and management
24. PROPRIETOR
Estimating, cost finding, study of composition, paper, ink, plates and engravings, composing room, pressroom, bindery, condition of printing trades, business development, visits to allied plants, plant organization and management, sales values.
PLAN No. 1238. THE GARMENT TRADES
This monograph was prepared by May H. Pope, under direction of Charles H. Winslow, Chief of the Research Division of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. Acknowledgment is due to Dr. John Cummings of the Research Division for editorial assistance.
A place to sleep, something to eat, and something to wear constitute the primary needs for us all. To satisfy the need for clothing a group of great American industries has developed--great in the value of their product as well as in the number of their workers.
FROM HAND WORK TO MACHINE OPERATION
It would be interesting to trace the development of the clothing industries out of the common household trade, using crude methods in introducing homemade garments, the materials for which were grown and spun and woven by the family, through the hand-sewing days and the various stages of foot-power machines to the present-day methods of electrically driven machines, adjusted to do most accurate work with special devices for all sorts of processes.
PROVIDING A PRIME NECESSITY
On the whole it may be conceded that these industries compare only fairly with others as regards prevailing conditions of labor, but as regards benefits conferred upon people generally, in placing within easy reach of all a prime necessity of life, the clothing industries rank very high.
SEASONAL CHARACTER OF THE INDUSTRIES
Employment in the garment trades is highly seasonal and is influenced by certain causes beyond control of the manufacturer. This irregularity of work is often a real hardship for employees. The busy seasons run from January through the spring months, and from August through the fall months. Some manufacturers, however, manage to keep workers busy 11 months during the year. Efforts have been made to equalize the work, seasonally, but nothing has been definitely accomplished so far. There is much greater irregularity of employment in the women’s garment trades than in the men’s. It often occurs that only one-half of those employed in the busy season in making women’s clothes are kept at work during the dull seasons.
Factors which influence this irregularity in employment are seasonal changes, changes in style, degree of specialization required, quality of product, and method of production. In the men’s garment industries, manufacturers often utilize the dull season for making up standard goods, such as blue serge suits, but makers of women’s clothes find style such a variable factor that they dare not make up stock much in advance of the season. Employment is more regularly distributed in the industries producing waists, skirts, and under muslins than it is in the cloak and suit industry.
AN IMMIGRANT’S TRADE
Garment making has long been known as an immigrant’s trade. Before the war it absorbed annually approximately 10,000 immigrants. Irish, Germans, and Italians have all worked in considerable numbers in the clothing industries, but at present the Jews predominate, not only among the workers, but as well among those exercising controlling power.
WHERE THE WORK IS DONE
The work may be carried on, it has been said, in any place “where there are a half dozen machines and an ironing board.” But in some places large clothing factories have been built, though much of the work is done in medium-sized shops.
The clothing industries differ from other manufacturing industries in several particulars. They are highly localized. More than half of all the clothing manufactured in the United States is made in New York City. Choice of a home is, therefore, limited for the young man who enters any one of these industries. Other cities in which the industries flourish are Philadelphia, Cleveland, Baltimore, Boston, Rochester, Chicago, and Cincinnati. Because of the congestion in New York some concerns have made attempts to move away from such crowded quarters, but the character of the industries requires just those things which are not found in rural districts. It is for one thing important to be near the labor supply and near the markets, both for buying materials and for selling goods. The prestige accredited to New York manufacturers as to style is another factor holding concerns in that city.
TWO TYPES OF EMPLOYERS
There are two types of employers in the clothing industries, namely, the manufacturer and the contractor or submanufacturer. Many factories, especially those where the high-grade garments are made, have their own “inside shops” where all work is done under supervision of the manufacturer or his foremen.
But there is a tendency to increase the contracting system, particularly in the making of cheaper garments. When the contracting method is employed the manufacturer or jobber purchases the material and turns it over to the submanufacturer, who has the garments made in his small shop. The manufacturer who gives his work out to contractors avoids the necessity for maintaining a large factory, and for keeping a great number of men on his pay roll. He is also relieved of the responsibility of dealing with labor, the contractor being in direct contact with the workers. On the other hand, the contractor obtains materials from the jobber, which otherwise he would not be financially able to purchase. In the contract system there is complete separation of the commercial processes from the technical. The manufacturer is responsible for the purchase of materials and for securing and filling orders for the trade, but all technical processes in the making of garments are left to the contractor, who is entirely responsible for the work. The contractor not only supervises the workers, but often works with them. He is no shirker.
WHAT THE WORKERS PRODUCE
All sorts of wearing apparel, from children’s rompers to opera cloaks, make up the product of these industries, which are naturally divided into two classes--those making men’s garments and those making women’s. The two groups of industries are sharply differentiated, and in each group processes are highly specialized.
Men’s clothes are made in three separate types of shops--the coat shop, the pants shop, and the vest shop.
Women’s garment trades fall generally into the following groups:
(1) Custom tailoring.
(2) Manufacture of cloaks, suits, and skirts.
(3) Manufacture of dresses and waists.
(4) Manufacture of misses’ and children’s dresses.
(5) Manufacture of muslin underwear.
(6) Manufacture of house dresses, kimonos, etc.
About 77 per cent of the workers in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry are men; a smaller percentage being found in the other groups.
Garments made by custom tailors are usually of the highest grade in women’s clothing, and include cloaks, suits, opera cloaks, evening gowns, waists, and dresses. These tailors make up garments on individual orders, allowing customers to select materials and designs.
Manufacturers in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry make a number of models, but their product is usually limited to cloaks, suits, skirts, one-piece woolen or worsted dresses, and linen suits and skirts. Dresses and waists cover a wide range of many styles for evening wear, street wear, and sporting uses. Under muslins, misses’ and children’s dresses, house dresses and kimonos, dressing sacques and aprons are made in separate establishments largely by women workers.
WHAT MEN DO IN THE CLOTHING INDUSTRIES
Though many more women are employed in the garment trades than formerly, still the large body of workers are men. Men are employed for processes in which greater endurance or speed is required. In high-class dressmaking men work on dresses made of heavy materials, while women make those of lighter weight. Cloaks and suits are made by men, while waists, under muslins, and children’s clothes are made by women. An equal number of men and women are skirt operators, while in buttonhole making the number of men operators exceeds the number of women.
Strange as it may seem, men form the larger percentage of those who work on women’s clothes, and women make up a majority of those who work on men’s clothes. There is less routine in making women’s garments, and it has been suggested that this may account for the preference given such work by men.
It has been said that “mechanical power and division of labor have impersonalized industry,” and this is clearly true of the garment industries as regards their products, for except in the case of the custom tailors a worker can not think of any finished product as distinctly his. Any given garment is the joint product of many persons.
Formerly a whole garment was made by one man, who necessarily must be a skilled tailor. Now many persons may have a part in the making of a suit of clothes. This division of labor grew out of the need for different degrees of skill in the different processes. By specialization a large product may be produced by relatively unskilled labor.
The work may be divided into three general systems: Teamwork, in which the tailor, like the contractor, hires his workers and superintends the work; piece operating, in which all of one kind of work is done by one worker on the same garment; and section work, in which each operator does only that one process allotted to him.
In the cheap grade of women’s clothing this division of labor is very marked. One man works only on belts, another makes cuffs, another collars, and so on. In the better grade of clothes the garment after it has been cut is given to the tailor, who with his helper completes all the work and turns it over to the presser. In the expensive shops the tailor makes the entire garment, doing even his own cutting and pressing.
While no single operation can be said to be given over entirely to one sex, the cutting and pressing is done almost exclusively by men. Men who work in the garment trades may be generally divided into designers, sample makers, cutters, machine operators, hand sewers, pressers, and examiners. In the following paragraphs the brief descriptions given of these principal occupations have been summarized from Bulletin No. 183 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and from the bureau’s publication “Descriptions of Occupations.”
PLAN No. 1239. DESIGNING
In large plants there is often a man separately charged with the designing of garments. He must create the designs, make the models, and choose the materials for the designs. His chief responsibility is choosing the materials for the style of garment he wishes to produce and co-operating with the sales department in producing designs which will sell and also be economical to cut. This is a high-grade position for a man with artistic ability. Only men are employed.
Qualifications include high-grade intelligence and a knowledge of drafting. Although designing is a question largely of artistic sense, the designer should have had some experience in connection with the making of garments, and especially with the laying out of patterns and the cutting of cloth.
PLAN No. 1240. CUTTING
In all of these industries cutting is done almost exclusively by men, and consists of marking, laying up, and cutting textiles in accordance with specific patterns. It is the most skillful and responsible of all the occupations for the reason that upon the quality of the cutting depends not only the appearance of the garment, but also, to a considerable extent, its cost, inasmuch as the ability of the cutter to lay out economically his pattern determines the amount of cloth that is consumed. Cutting is the only occupation of the garment trades in which an apprenticeship is required.
Considerable intelligence, accuracy, and a steady hand, with ordinary strength is required for the work.
PLAN No. 1241. SAMPLE MAKING
Sample making is done by men and women, and consists of making samples of new garments from models furnished by the designer. This work calls for tailors (males, usually, in the cloak and suit industry) and operators (usually females, in the other industries) of rather exceptional ability and skill. Sample making occupies a small number of workers for a short time at the beginning of each season, the makers of samples being recruited temporarily from among the more expert tailors and operators.
The sample maker must have ordinary strength and ability, and must be an all-round tailor.
PLAN No. 1242. OPERATING
Operating is done by men and women, and consists of sewing the parts of a garment together, by machine, as they come from the cutting department. In most instances it is one of the least-skilled occupations, manned to a considerable extent by inexperienced, recently-arrived immigrants. Except in the cloak and suit industry, where the greater part of the operating is done by men, the operators in these industries are predominantly female.
Speed and manual dexterity are essential. The operator must be able to stand the nervous strain of the noisy machine and of intense application to rapid work.
PLAN No. 1243. BASTING
In the cloak, suit, and skirt industry, and in the dress and waist industry, basting is done mostly by females, and consists of roughly sewing together by hand (“basting”) the partly finished garment, for the purpose of placing it, at times, on a dummy figure or living model, so that careful examination may be made by the tailor or sample maker of the character of the work at various stages of manufacture. In the cloak and suit industry approximately two-thirds and in the other industries almost all of these workers are women.
PLAN No. 1244. PRESSING
Pressing is done by males and females and consists of pressing out with a hot press or iron the seams and various parts of a garment after they have been put together by the operators--except in the case of the part presser, who is required to press out pieces, such as sleeves, pockets, collars, cuffs, and belts. The under presser presses the garment before it is lined, and the upper presser, the most skilled of the three, presses the finished garment, shaping and molding it, to some extent, into the finished product. In the cloak and suit industry, where the irons used, as well as the textiles, are rather heavy, pressing is done almost exclusively by men.
More than average strength is required for pressing and ability to stand while at work; also ability to handle a pressing machine.
EXAMINING
The examiner looks over the garment in the process of manufacturing or when it is completed, to discover defects and ascertain whether the shape is correct. This is an important position, as it entails considerable responsibility for the quality of the garments manufactured. Men and women both are employed.
The examiner must be an experienced operator on the garments, and should have had enough experience at examining to know the various styles and designs.
HOW MEN ARE PAID
In the clothing industries men are paid either by time or by piece. The difference in these two systems of payment amounts to very little. Under the time system wages remain unchanged from day to day even though the product varies, and under the piece system as the product increases wages increase proportionally. But the minimum and maximum amount of work insisted upon in one instance by the employees and in the other by the employers make the actual difference in wages received under the two systems almost negligible. The tendency is to base all wages upon time, as this does away in some degree with the dangers of speeding up and with the difficulties of adjustment.
The quantity and quality of the work is so important in the garment trades that it is characterized by a range of wages rather than by a fixed rate. The highest paid men are the designers, who make from $50 a week in the smaller shops to $12,000 a year in the shops of custom tailors. Foremen are paid $25 to $75 a week. Cutters receive wages ranging from $20 to $50 a week. The average cutter receives $35 a week. Pressers make about $33 a week, and machine operators $25, though some shops report wages up to $60 a week for some of their operators, which means much speeding up and overtime work.
Workers on women’s clothes are better paid than those who work on men’s.
HOW MEN ARE TRAINED
Not much attention has been given to the training of garment workers, though many employers are realizing the necessity for the workers to have a knowledge of English, an understanding of the fundamental principles of arithmetic, and some industrial information.
Factory schools have been organized in some instances and workers are allowed to take some of their working time to attend the classes.
Adaptability, general intelligence, skill, precision, and speed are important in the making of a good workman.
The designers, who have been called the “autocrats of the trade,” need, in addition to a native gift of creative art, some knowledge of the technical processes of cutting and sewing, and a course in drafting. Schools of design give courses, but the majority of designers are foreigners, and but few Americans enter this trade.
Cutters are sometimes trained in schools organized for the purpose, though often they learn as apprentices, paying from $50 to $150 for the instruction. From 6 to 20 weeks is the time usually required to learn the trade.
Pressers work a few weeks on seams, and after about a year become responsible pressers on high-grade garments.
The only training necessary for a machine operator in factory work is instruction in power sewing-machine operating. Training for the majority of the processes is given in the shop, and the length of time required depends in a great measure upon the ability of the worker to learn.
The requirements for acceptable workers in the clothing industries may be summed up as follows: Ability to run a power sewing machine, general intelligence sufficient to understand simple directions, and health and strength to work full time for six days a week.
CONDITIONS OF WORK
Overcrowding, overwork, and underfeeding are often evidenced by the pallor of the operatives; and the undue prevalence of tuberculosis, neurasthenia, and anemia among them clearly show that the constrained position, exposure to dust and fumes from leaky gas tubing, insufficient lighting facilities and ventilation found in many of the smaller shops are conditions yet to be remedied before the garment industries can receive an unqualified recommendation as suitable for a disabled man.
However, men in the clothing industry work under more favorable conditions than formerly. The “sweat shop” is a thing of the past. The efforts of joint boards of sanitary control in New York City have, by educating both employers and employees, done much toward mitigating the intolerable conditions which existed in the early days. Tenement-house regulations and State laws of inspection have proved beneficial and have abolished many evils of the old shop. Laws prohibiting isolated home work have forced the contractors to secure better outside shops. Home shops now must not be connected with living quarters, and consequently they are often found in the upper floors of warehouses or factories, roomy and well ventilated. Factories where the better grade of work is done have their own “inside shops” built for the purpose and therefore more satisfactory. The workers themselves are often to blame for the bad air in their workroom, because of their careless waste of gas from the pressing iron or their fear of open windows.
The shortening of the working day also signifies progress in the clothing industries, and the welfare of the worker is now given fair consideration in many instances. Some factories plan the routing of work with a view to relaxation of the worker, and some require operators to get materials from a near-by table, or to go to the supply room for such things as thread, buttons, and trimmings. Even these small practices give relief from the fatigue of sitting constantly at a machine.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DISABLED
Occupations in garment making are largely nonhazardous. Handling heavy rolls of material, climbing ladders to hang shrunken goods to dry, testing heating apparatus for pressing irons, managing the knives of cutting machines, are all accompanied by some danger, but accidents as serious may occur in the daily occupations of any home.
Yet it may fairly be said that the clothing industries offer only small inducements to the handicapped. The man who has lost a leg would hardly choose to be a cutter, a presser, or an examiner, since much standing is required of these workers. Nevertheless, a well-fitting artificial leg might enable him to do any of this work successfully. Machine operating, a sitting-down job, might appeal to him. A man with both legs amputated could run a power machine. A man with an arm gone or with eyesight impaired would not find employment in the clothing industries suitable, for the use of both hands and good eyesight are essentials in the trades generally.
The lint which constantly flies in the air of the shop is bad for the lungs, and catarrhal conditions of the nose and throat, as well as tuberculosis, are prevalent among the workers. Nevertheless, one who understands the difficulties and the drawbacks of the garment trades, as well as its advantages, makes the following statement:
“I do not think that the clothing trade per se is injurious except for the possible slight dust and the stooping posture. I have also no doubt that the trade could be made so hygienic as to enable a post-tuberculous person to work a limited number of hours. There are, of course, some processes, like pressing, which it may not be advisable for post-tuberculous persons to engage in. Most of the work in clothing shops consists in the operator guiding various clothing material under the needle of the machine. This by itself should not be injurious. There are also other processes, like sewing on buttons, either by machine or by hand, which have very few harmful features in them.
“I should say that soldiers whose legs are not functioning could well be taught to work on electrically-driven machines with benefit to themselves and to the industry.”
Neurasthenics should avoid employment in these trades, as nervous disorders are intensified by the noise, close confinement, and intense application which the work involves. Pressers suffer from flat foot because of their constant standing, but otherwise they are quite robust, which is an indication that this work is not too severe for men who are physically below par.
GOOD FARMERS SHOULD NOT TRY TO BECOME TAILORS
In most cases the returned soldier whose disability necessitates a change of employment will, in choosing a new occupation, turn from the clothing industries as unsuitable for him. The needle is not an attractive tool to men unless they have been raised in the atmosphere of the tailor shop. It is with no desire to make tailors of farmers, sewing-machine operators of truck drivers, that opportunities in the clothing industries are here described. If a man has other talents, by all means let him cultivate them and leave the garment trades to those qualified for those trades by experience and aptitude.
There has been improvement in working conditions in recent years. This has resulted in part from superior organization within the industries themselves, better adjustment, increase in product, and improved machinery and skill, all of which have led to increased wages and better living conditions for the workers.
The small amount of capital required to organize the business attracts many, but success can come only if good judgment is exercised.
As has been noted, these industries attract the immigrant worker largely, and the Jew looks upon entrance into some one of the garment trades as a first step on the way to managing a small shop of his own.
===================+=============================+=========+=========+ Class of work. | Character of work. | Hours | Wages | | |(weekly).|(weekly).| -------------------+-----------------------------+---------+---------+ Custom tailors. |Making garments to order. | ... | ... | | | | | Designers. |Create designs; select | ... |$50 up to| |materials; make models; | |$12,000 a| |figures yardage and | |year. | |trimmings; estimates amount | | | |of material needed. | | | | | | | Cutters. |Cutting of materials for | 44 |$20 to | |garments; directing the | |$50, | |spreading, marking, and | |averaging| |cutting; using material | |$35. | |economically; knowledge of | | | |fabrics. | | | | | | | Sample makers. |Making samples of new models.| 44 |$30 to | | | |$60. | | | | | Foremen. |Superintendent, supplying | 44 |$25 to | |work, quality of work; | |$75. | |quantity of work, training | | | |workers, keeping machines in | | | |repair. | | | | | | | Machine operators. |Sewing parts together by | 44 |$25. | |machines; hemstitching; lace | | | |running; tucking; making | | | |buttonholes; button sewing. | | | | | | | Handworkers (very |Rough sewing; basting, fine | 44 |$25 to | few men are |sewing; finishing. | |$27. | employed). | | | | | | | | Pressers. |Using hot irons (or machines)| 44 |$33. | |for pressing seams and parts | | | |of garments, as well as the | | | |whole garment. | | | | | | | Examiners. |Inspecting the finished | 44 |$25. | |garment as to workmanship and| | | |shape. | | | -------------------+-----------------------------+---------+---------+
===================+========================+========================+ Class of work. | Requirements and |Disqualifying handicaps.| | qualifications. | | -------------------+------------------------+------------------------+ Custom tailors. |High-grade intelligence;|Bad eyesight; loss of | |knowledge of cutting, |both hands. | |designing, operating; | | |knowledge of materials, | | |common-school education.| | | | | Designers. |Good judgment; artistic |Blindness; loss of both | |taste; high-grade |hands. | |intelligence; knowledge | | |of drafting; experience | | |in cutting and garment | | |making; common-school | | |education. | | | | | Cutters. |Above average |Loss of hand; amputation| |intelligence; accuracy; |of the leg would | |steady hand; ordinary |seriously handicap | |strength; ability to |unless a well-adjusted | |stand; experience as |artificial limb enabled | |spreader, marker, etc.; |the man to stand easily;| |three years as |bad eyesight. | |apprentice, common- | | |school education. | | | | | Sample makers. |All-round tailor; |Bad eyesight; loss of | |knowledge of cutting, |arm. | |operating, fitting, | | |ordinary strength and | | |ability. | | | | | Foremen. |Initiative; executive |Blindness. | |ability; mechanical | | |ability; knowledge of | | |processes; experience as| | |cutter or fitter; | | |ordinary strength and | | |ability; common-school | | |education. | | | | | Machine operators. |Ordinary intelligence; |Bad eyesight; loss of | |adaptability; speed and |hands; tuberculosis; | |manual dexterity; |nervousness. | |ability to stand nervous| | |strain of noisy | | |machines; ability to run| | |power machines; | | |knowledge of English. | | | | | Handworkers (very |Ability to do plain hand|Bad eyesight; loss of | few men are |sewing, to thread |hands. | employed). |needles, and to tie | | |knots rapidly, take even| | |stitches, and fasten | | |work; deftness of | | |fingers; good eyesight; | | |steady nerves. | | | | | Pressers. |Average intelligence; |Loss of one or both | |ability to handle a |arms; loss of legs; bad | |pressing machine; more |eyesight. | |than average strength. | | | | | Examiners. |Skillful with scissors; |Bad eyesight; loss of | |experience as operator; |both arms; loss of | |intelligence; |fingers or hands. | |reliability; knowledge | | |of styles; ability to | | |detect poor work; | | |common-school education.| | -------------------+------------------------+------------------------+
===================+========================== Class of work. | Training required. | -------------------+-------------------------- Custom tailors. |Tailors are trained in the |trade. | Designers. |Designers are trained by |working as apprentices to |custom tailors and to |factory cutters. A course |in drafting, either with |a private teacher or at a |school for designing is |desirable. | Cutters. |Cutters learn, through |apprenticeship, the |technique of laying |patterns, stretching |cloth, sloping, and the |right use of materials; |cutting small parts with |knife; “repair” cutting |with shears. | Sample makers. |The training is the same |as for a tailor which is |usually gotten in the |trade. | Foremen. |Foremen are often selected |from workers. Special |training is sometimes |given men with secondary |education through a course |in the workshop. | Machine operators. |Instruction in power |sewing machine operating |and handling of materials. |In a few weeks’ time |an operator learns enough |for an easy operation, a |year or two years is |required to become | Handworkers (very |Hand sewers are taught how few men are |to adjust their knowledge employed). |of plain sewing to factory |methods. | Pressers. |Pressers ere trained by |doing. Beginners press |seams, then skirts and |dresses; after this |experience the pressing of |coats and cloaks may be |undertaken. | Examiners. |Through a knowledge of |garment making as machine |operators or as helpers to |examiners. -------------------+--------------------------
For the unskilled worker the garment trades offer fair wages, though wages are not quite as high as in other similar trades. Chance of promotion is small, and the working week is 44 hours. Serious disabilities are great handicaps in the garment trades.
Previous experience, a working knowledge of the trade, and skill in some of the better processes would be the only legitimate reasons for offering the opportunities of the garment-making industries to a returned disabled soldier.
PLAN No. 1245. PODIATRY AS A VOCATION
The wise man will not come to a hurried conclusion in deciding his life work. A false start in life is frequently the undoing of an individual because misapplied ambition often eventuates in indifference. Therefore, it is well to weigh the pros and cons of so momentous a consideration, and the following is presented in the hope that it may prove of service in studying one phase of activities in that connection:
WHAT IS PODIATRY?
Podiatry means the care of the human foot in health and in disease. The intelligent practice of podiatry constitutes the practitioner a specialist in this branch of medicine.
SPECIALISTS IN MEDICINE
In recent years those educated and equipped as doctors of medicine, in many instances, particularly in the larger cities, have devoted themselves to some special branch, and so it is that we have laryngologists (throat), otologists (ear), urologists (male organs of generation), gynaecologists (female organs of generation), oculists (eye), orthopaedists (deformities), odontologists (teeth), and many others who specialize in some one particular field of medicine. Strange as it may seem, physicians, other than orthopædists, have never specialized in foot lesions, and the work of the latter in that field has been merely incidental.
THE GENESIS OF CHIROPODY
In consequence, a group of non-medical practitioners, styling themselves chiropodists, assumed to care for the foot woes of the public. They claimed no scientific knowledge of the feet, but announced their ability, acquired in the school of experience, to care for the minor foot-ills of the public which were largely induced by the wearing of badly constructed foot-gear. These practitioners were primarily usually itinerants. They went about from town to town carrying their kits, which contained knives and medications which they and their predecessors had found useful in plying their craft. They flourished in England in the eighteenth and in the nineteenth centuries, and soon after our government was founded they began to appear in the larger centers of the United States.
The knowledge which they acquired was imparted to their apprentices, who were usually their offspring, and so this practice was largely handed down from father to son.
CHIROPODY DEVELOPMENT
In 1895 they had grown so numerous in New York City that they organized a State Society and the State legislature chartered their organization and gave them power to license others who wished to practice similarly. Many other states gradually enacted like laws.
In 1912 the Pedic Society of the State of New York again went to the legislature and secured the passage of a law which required academic qualifications of students of chiropody and established a standard for chiropody teaching institutions.
The law also provided that no person should practice chiropody after that date, unless previously licensed, who failed to pass a state chiropody licensing examination conducted by the State Board of Medical Examiners. Since then twenty-three other commonwealths in the United States have passed similar laws.
Recently the term podiatry was made synonymous with chiropody in several states. Thus, from a trade, chiropody has been transformed into a scientific branch of medicine.
SCHOOLS AND THEIR CURRICULA
The teaching schools have faculties made up of doctors of medicine, chemists and podiatrists. The outlined courses of study include instruction in the following topics: Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry, Physiology, Hygiene, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, Pharmacy, Surgery, Bacteriology, Pathology, Dermatology, The Principles of Medicine, Ethics, The History of Podiatry, Foot-Gear, Orthopedics, Massage, Electro-Therapeutics, Posture Studies and X-Ray work.
No man should take up a career in podiatry unless he is prepared to devote all of his energy to his studies because the work accomplished in the course, as it is at present carried on, crowds the equivalent of two years at a medical school into the one year of podiatry. This means unusual application because the work must be accomplished or the student fails to graduate.
STUDENTS
There are three classes of students: Regular, Special and Post-graduate.
Regular Students must have academic qualifications in keeping with the standards adopted by the various state education authorities. In most of the states two years of high school work, or its equivalent in academic counts, are pre-requisites. This standard is being advanced each year until all regular students in all schools will have to have a minimum education of graduation from a high school or its equivalent in academic counts.
Special Students are admitted to these teaching schools without academic qualifications. They may take the full course, but cannot graduate from the schools which they attend, nor can they practice in any state where laws regulating the practise of chiropody are on the Statute books. Provision has been made to educate these special students so that those contemplating practice in the states and countries where there are at present no laws governing chiropody may secure the knowledge imparted in the schools. It is fair to assume that within the next five years every state in the United States will have a law governing chiropody practice whereupon those from foreign countries only will be admitted to the course as special students.
Post-graduate Students. Practitioners of medicine or of chiropody, who have been reputably engaged as such for at least six months, and who wish to acquire the knowledge imparted to the regular students so that they may become better fitted for their vocations, are eligible as post-graduate students.
DURATION OF COURSE
In most of the established schools of chiropody the day course is of from eight to nine months’ duration. The hours are as follows: from 9 A. M. to 12, from 1 to 5 P. M., and during the last three months of the course, additionally, from 7:30 to 10 P. M.
The night course is of two years’ duration, three hours each night for eight months in each year.
DEGREES
Graduates of the various schools receive titles and degrees. Some of the schools give the degree of D.S.C. (Doctor of Surgical Chiropody); others the title of M.Cp. (Master of Chiropody).
LICENSE TO PRACTICE
Before admission to practice, graduates must pass an examination conducted by the State Board of Medical Examiners in the state in which they desire to engage in practice. The conditions as to admission for licensing examination vary in the different states, as there is at present no reciprocity in chiropody licensure.
REQUISITES FOR SUCCESS
The requisites for success in podiatry study and practice are not trifling. Primarily the student should have the feeling that he is engaging in a calling in which he can be of service to his fellowman. The draft and the war itself have proved that the foot has been a very much neglected factor in the physical care of humankind. Draft statistics show a large percentage of rejections because of foot defects, and the casual lists in actual warfare are filled with the names of those who have fallen out of the ranks because of impaired locomotion.
A large part of podiatry instruction is devoted to the prevention of foot lesions, so that the child from its first step will be safeguarded against the conditions which have led to the creation of such a large percentage of foot cripples. This in itself is a humanitarian task and those contemplating entering upon a career in podiatry should be sympathetic with that particular and all-important phase of the work. Again, the podiatrist in his daily practice is called upon to relieve suffering and that aspect of his activities should be a heartening influence to the developing practitioner as it will prove a consolation to him when once he is licensed to pursue his calling.
DESIRABILITY OF MECHANICAL KNOWLEDGE
As much of the actual practice, both preventive and curative, has to do with surgical endeavors, the prospective student should have an aptitude for mechanics.
PHYSICAL QUALIFICATIONS
The practice of medicine presumes a vigorous body as well as a virile mind, and it is best for every man in every life engagement to be so equipped; but those whose physical condition is impaired so that locomotion and other normal functions are impeded can readily engage in podiatry because most of the work is carried on in the office and can be done while seated and during limited hours.
POSSIBLE ASSETS
Those who have studied chemistry or pharmacy or have been associated with hospital work will find themselves possessing valuable assets in the study and in the practice of podiatry.
CHOICE OF LOCATION
There are failures and successes in every field, professional and otherwise. It is, however, axiomatic that a podiatrist who knows his work and applies himself in the proper field will succeed as a breadwinner. The selection of a location is of the greatest importance. Graduates of the various schools, in the main, have located in the larger cities. This is frequently an error because competition with those already engaged in practice who have a standing and a following is thus inevitable and the advance of the younger practitioner is consequently curtailed.
Those graduates who have located in cities of from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants have invariably succeeded from the start. The most successful of these have been those who have sought out the practicing physicians and have convinced them that they are not mere “corn cutters,” but scientific practitioners of a legitimate branch of medicine.
THE INCOME FROM PODIATRY PRACTICE
It is current belief that the average podiatrist enjoys a greater income than the average physician. There are no statistics available to confirm or to disprove this conclusion. In order that some idea on this point may be gained, the incomes of some of the members of the first graduating class of one of the podiatry schools of prominence are here given:
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year No. 1 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $4,000 $5,000 2 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3 1,300 1,800 2,500 4,000 4,800 4 800 2,000 3,000 4,000 4,700 5 1,200 1,800 2,000 3,000 3,400 [44]6 800 1,200 1,700 2,300 2,800 [44]7 800 1,000 1,400 1,800 2,800
[44] A woman graduate.
PHYSICIANS’ CO-OPERATION
Once the co-operation of the physician is secured, success is assured. Some practitioners in towns of from 15,000 to 35,000 have in three years gained sufficient practise through the aid of medical practitioners to make their incomes from $2,000 to $5,000.
THE PERSONAL EQUATION
The personal equation is a great factor in this as in all other life spheres. The likeable man or woman with a modicum of other attributes will invariably succeed. When such a person possesses qualities which, when applied, prove helpful to his fellows, the limit of his earning capacity can only be measured by the hours he can serve and the population of the center in which he carries on his practice.
PODIATRY IS ETHICAL
Podiatry, as taught to-day, frowns down upon all unethical methods and disavows the charlatan. Its exponents and its loyal followers are keen as to the need for scrupulous care in the education of its students and the conduct of its practitioners. It strives to be classified as a dignified branch of medicine and fosters a literature that is strictly scientific.
PODIATRY ORGANIZATIONS
Podiatry has a national organization whose purposes are for the benefit of the profession, based upon the good which they can accomplish in serving the public. It has a state society in almost every commonwealth in the United States, and local societies flourish in every populous city.
PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT
The scope of the podiatrists’ professional labors is continuously being enlarged by legal enactments and, where deserved, medical practitioners recommend them to their patients as foot specialists. In a number of well-known hospitals, podiatrists are attached to the medical staff, thus proving that physicians in groups are beginning to recognize the need for the services which these practitioners supply. In another year the course of study in most of the schools will be prolonged to two years and ultimately the specialist in foot lesions will be a licensed practitioner of medicine, equipped as is every other specialist in medicine.
IS THERE A DEMAND FOR PODIATRISTS?
In all of the large cities of the United States and of Europe chiropodists have been in demand for the past century. The need for foot-care is daily becoming more pronounced. Now that physicians can and do recommend their patients to chiropodists who have been scientifically trained in their calling, the need for such practitioners is rapidly growing.
The public is growing to recognize the need of both preventive care and curative treatment of the minor ills of this part of the anatomy and the properly educated, well equipped, efficient podiatrist is in great demand.
There is no scientific school for educating such practitioners in the world outside the United States.[45] In consequence, hundreds of such practitioners would also find need for their services along the lane of European travel, once it is restored. South American capitals, with large populations of foreigners, would likewise prove splendid fields for podiatrists.
[45] English practitioners laid the foundation for a School of Podiatry in 1914, but owing to the war with the Central powers, their efforts have been temporarily checked.
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO ESTABLISH A PRACTICE?
The answer to this natural inquiry depends largely upon the place of location, the experience and the personality of the practitioner. If one locates in a city where he is the only scientifically equipped podiatrist, assuming that he is properly equipped, recognition by both medical men and by the laity should promptly be accorded and that in turn would mean success.
If a graduate locates in a metropolitan city unheralded and unsung, his advance may be exceedingly slow and like the general practitioner of medicine, similarly situated, it may take considerable time for him to make a name and a career for himself.
If the experience of the new podiatrist has been augmented by application in a clinic or in the service of an older practitioner as an assistant (and such assistants earn from $25 to $50 per week in wages), such experience is largely helpful, not only in inspiring confidence, but in securing results. If the personality of a practitioner is such as to prove repellent to his patients, his path will be a difficult one. If, on the other hand, he is of pleasing personality, he will make friends and will increase his list of patients.
WHERE PODIATRY (CHIROPODY) IS REGULATED BY LAW?
The following commonwealths have passed laws regulating the practice of chiropody (podiatry) and those desiring specific information as to the details of the same in any given state should address the person whose name follows the state, as here recorded:
California--Chas. B. Pinkham, M.D., 125 Stockton St., San Francisco.
Colorado--David A. Strickley, M.D., 612 Empire Bldg., Denver.
Connecticut--Chas. A. Tuttle, M.D., New Haven.
District of Columbia--Commissioner of Education.
Illinois--C. St. Clair Drake, M.D., Springfield.
Louisiana--E. L. Leckert, M.D., 716 Macheca Bldg., New Orleans.
Maryland--J. P. McScott, M.D., Hagerstown.
Massachusetts--Walter P. Bowers, State House, Boston.
Michigan--B. D. Harrison, M.D., Detroit.
Minnesota--Thomas McDavitt, M.D., St. Paul.
Nebraska--H. B. Cummings, M.D., State Board of Health, Seward.
New Hampshire--Henry C. Morrison, M.D., Concord.
New Jersey--Alex. McAllister, Trenton.
New York--State Education Dept., Albany.
North Carolina--B. K. Hayes, M.D., Oxford.
Ohio--George H. Matson, M.D., Columbus.
Pennsylvania--N. C. Shaeffer, M.D., Harrisburg.
Rhode Island--Gardner T. Swarts, M.D., State House, Providence.
Vermont--W. Scott Nay, M.D., Underhill.
Virginia--J. N. Barney, M.D., Fredericksburg.
Washington--C. N. Suttner, M.D., Walla Walla.
West Virginia--S. L. Jeptson, M.D., Wheeling.
Wisconsin--J. M. Beffel, M.D., Milwaukee.
PODIATRY TEACHING INSTITUTIONS
The following are the Schools of Chiropody (Podiatry), in the order of their creation:
The First Institute of Podiatry--213-17 W. 125th St., New York City.
Chiropody Dept., Temple University--18 Buttonwood St., Philadelphia, Pa.
California College of Chiropody--908 McAllister St., San Francisco.
Illinois College of Chiropody--1321 N. Clark St., Chicago, Ill.
Ohio College of Chiropody--Cleveland, O.
Chiropody Dept., University of Massachusetts--Fourth and Otis Sts., Cambridge, Mass.
Catalogs of each of the above can be had on writing to the addresses given.
The Minnesota College of Chiropody is making ready to open up its doors October next. Information as to its plans and purposes can be secured by addressing Ralph St. John Perry, M.D., Pilsbury Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn.
PLAN No. 1246. FLOUR MILLING
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This monograph was prepared by J. A. LeClerc, chemist in charge of the laboratory of plant chemistry, Bureau of Chemistry, Department of Agriculture. Acknowledgment is due M. A. Gray, chemist of the Pillsbury Flour Co., Minneapolis, and Prof. C. H. Bailey, of the University of Minnesota, for assistance in the preparation of this article.
Modern flour milling dates back to the early eighties of the last century. Before that time, a good white flour was indeed made, but the machinery used consisted generally of two grooved stones, between which the wheat was crushed and the flour extracted. To-day in all mills of this country, except in some of the backwoods, and in some of the small mills, flour is made by the so-called gradual reduction process which consists in the use of an elaborate system or steel rolls and of an equally complicated system of purifiers and bolting machines. The flour made to-day is whiter and much freer from the bran and fibrous material than was the flour made with burr stones. While milling relates to the production of flour from all kinds of grains, flour milling, unless so stated, means wheat milling and it is wheat flour milling that is meant throughout this monograph, when milling is mentioned. If you are interested in milling you may want to know the answers to the following questions:
1. What is milling, and what kind of work is carried on in a flour mill?
2. What physical disabilities will bar one from successfully pursuing any one of the various occupations connected with milling; what handicaps are serious?
3. What education and apprentice training are required, and where to get training?
4. What salaries or wages are generally paid, and what are the chances for promotion?
5. How many hours per day do millers work?
6. What personal characteristics and qualifications should be possessed?
7. Where do millers work, and in what section of the country is milling mostly done?
8. What need is there for millers, i. e., is there a large open field in this occupation?
In the United States there are about 7,000 merchant mills grinding wheat flour. Their total output is about 120,000,000 barrels per year. They require about 550,000,000 bushels of wheat. Thus it is seen that to produce 1 barrel of flour about 4.7 bushels of wheat must be milled. Milling may be quite simple or most complicated, depending upon the kind and size of mill operated and the quality of the flour to be made. A good sized mill will require men to perform the following kinds of work here described.
It should be stated, right here, that several of these occupations may be carried on by one and the same man, especially in the smaller mills.
UNLOADER[46]
Description: The unloader unloads the wheat or other flour products from the cars by use of the power scoop, shovel, or other means.
Qualifications: He must be physically strong and have good lungs.
[46] These descriptions are taken from the pamphlet entitled “Descriptions of Occupations in Flour Milling,” published by the Department of Labor.
UNLOADER FOREMAN
Description: The foreman unloader directs the work of the gang which unloads the wheat from the cars. He must plan their work according to the number of cars and keep records of the car numbers.
Qualifications: Ordinary strength and ability. He should have worked as unloader.
Schooling: He must have education enough to keep simple records.
LOADER
Kindred occupation: Unloader.
Description: The loader, under the direction of the loader foreman, loads bags, boxes, and barrels of the finished products into cars.
Qualifications: He should be able to load cars so that goods will not be damaged in transit. He must be physically strong and have good lungs.
LOADER FOREMAN
Description: The loader foreman directs the work of the loading gang. He plans his work according to the size and capacity of the cars, sees that the cars are properly loaded, and keeps such records as are necessary.
Qualifications: He should have worked as a loader and should have executive ability sufficient to direct a gang of laborers.
Schooling: Common school.
ELEVATOR MAN
Description: The elevator man carries out the instructions of the foreman, seeing that wheat flows through the proper spouts into proper bins for storage. He keeps a record of the wheat stored and delivered, and is responsible for delivering and reporting all the trouble with elevator machinery or spouts. This latter is his chief responsibility.
Qualifications: Should have had previous milling experience. Ordinary ability. Strong lungs to withstand the dust.
Schooling: Common school.
ELEVATOR FOREMAN
Description: The elevator foreman is responsible for and is in charge of taking the wheat into the elevator. He inspects the wheat for correct dockage and directs the storage of the wheat according to the grade or quality. He keeps a record of receipts of wheat, of the tests, the weights, and of the disposition of the various lots. Where dockage is necessary he holds the cars for adjustment. This position is one of the most responsible in the flour mill.
Qualifications: Executive ability; knowledge of weights and measures. He must be a skilled grader of wheat by sight and feel. Must be able to keep records and figures and percentages. Should have a thorough knowledge of the Federal and State grades.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
BLENDER
Description: The blender mixes different grades of wheat flour, or wheat flour and coarse-grain flour in designated proportions.
Qualifications: He must understand the character of the different grades of wheat flour and coarse-grain flours, and must know how to combine the various grades of flour in proper proportions.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
ROLL TENDER--CLEANING MACHINE TENDERS
Kindred Occupation: Oiler.
Description: The roll tender must see that all oil and grease cups about the milling rolls are filled and that all the bearings and boltings are properly lubricated. He keeps his machinery wiped clean of dust and grease and reports any mechanical trouble to the miller or the millwright. Men are always employed.
Qualifications: He must be intelligent and active and have some mechanical ability.
Schooling: Common school.
OILER
Kindred occupation: Roll tender.
Description: The oiler must see that all oil and grease cups about the shafting and milling machinery are filled and that all bearings are being properly lubricated. He keeps his machinery wiped clean of dust and grease, and reports any mechanical trouble to the miller or millwright. Calls for considerable climbing overhead.
Qualifications: He must be active and have some mechanical ability.
Schooling: Common school.
SWEEPER
Description: The sweeper keeps the floors clean of flour, wheat, and dust and keeps the machines clean. This necessitates climbing on ladders and running boards.
Qualifications: Ordinary ability and strong lungs to withstand the large amount of dust.
SMUTTER
Description: The smutter prepares the wheat for grinding into flour by running it over separators to screen out foreign matter. He must examine the stock for dirt, determine whether the screening is resulting in waste of wheat, and make adjustments in his machine to secure the proper screening. He also supervises the work of the sweepers, oilers, and helpers on his floor.
Qualifications: He should have strong lungs to withstand dust. Should have mechanical ability and must understand the screening of wheat and adjusting of the machines.
Schooling: Common school.
GRINDER
Description: The grinder has charge of the milling rolls. He sets his machine or adjusts the rolls for grinding, watches the process to see that proper operation goes on, and tests the stock occasionally to make sure that it is being ground properly. This work is done practically on one floor, with very little climbing.
Qualifications: Must have strong lungs to withstand the dust. He must be an experienced grinder of wheat. Must know how to set his machine and know by testing when the grinding is being properly done.
Schooling: Common school.
BOLTER AND PURIFIER
Description: The bolter sifts the wheat stock in the sifting machines, tests the broken wheat stock as it comes from the grinder, and adjusts the feed slides and keeps the machines in proper operation so that they will take in only as much stock as it can properly sift. He must sometimes inform the grinder as to the proper fineness of the stock. He does not fix or oil his machine, but must understand its mechanism. The work is dusty. Mostly floor work, but some climbing on ladders and running boards.
Qualifications: Ordinary ability. Strong lungs. He must be experienced in operating the bolting machine; must understand the testing of the broken wheat stock and the adjustment of slides controlling the feed.
MILLER, SECOND OR TRICK MILLER
Description: The second miller acts for the miller in overseeing all of the processes in cleaning, grinding, and bolting. He plans the work and teaches new men. He is required to figure and keep a record of the yield of flour and feed. He has full charge during the absence of the head miller.
Qualifications: Should have strong lungs to withstand the dust. Since he is in line for promotion to head miller, he should have the same qualifications. The loss of one or more limbs or an eye, or being afflicted with rheumatism would prove a serious handicap to an operative miller, particularly while in training, as an apprentice is required to do considerable climbing. No tubercular person should try to become a miller.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
MILLER, HEAD
Kindred occupations: Second miller.
Description: The head miller is responsible for all the processes of milling, for the output, and for the grade of flour produced. He must have a thorough knowledge of all processes of milling and of wheat grading.
Qualifications: He must have a thorough knowledge of all milling machinery and of the “flow” of the mill. He should have worked as second miller for several years. This is a very highly skilled occupation, and requires a great deal of trade knowledge, mechanical ability, and executive ability. Good strong lungs. See disqualifications for second miller.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
SPOUTER
Description: The spouter is responsible for the uninterrupted flow of flour and feed stock through the spouts, and it is his duty to see that all valves, slides, etc., are in their proper position.
Qualifications: He should have a thorough knowledge of the flow of the mill and be able to remedy choke-ups or spouting troubles with the quickest possible dispatch. The work requires skill and mechanical ability, and requires a man who has worked in other milling positions. He should be intelligent, active, a good observer, and should have good lungs.
Schooling: Common school.
PACKER
Description: The packer tends the machine which fills the bag, packages, and barrels with the finished product. Men are employed when the product is packed into large bags and barrels. Women are employed when the small packages and cartons are filled.
Qualifications: He must be able to weigh skillfully and rapidly and when filling bags he must be able to use the bag needle with skill and be able to operate a bag-closing machine. He should also be able to insert barrel heads quickly when filling barrels. He should be able to make minor repairs and adjustments. He should be able to keep records and make simple computations of the stock packed. He must be intelligent and strong physically.
Schooling: Common school.
PACKER FOREMAN
Kindred occupation: Packer.
Description: The packer foreman has charge of the work of the packers. He is responsible for the proper packing of the product and the proper weight of the bags, packages, and barrels.
Qualifications: Ordinary strength. He should have had experience as a packer. He must be able to figure and render accurate account of the output of the machine under his supervision. He must have the ability to make adjustments and repairs on the machines.
Schooling: Common school.
TRUCKER
Description: The trucker pushes or pulls trucks of flour or feed from the packers to the warehouse or to the cars, or from the warehouse to the cars; also performs other general labor about the warehouse or cars as directed by the warehouse foreman.
Qualifications: Good physical strength.
MILLWRIGHT
Kindred occupations: Spouter.
Description: The millwright is responsible for the upkeep of the mill in general and for all trouble with the spouting, milling machinery, and equipment. He repairs, installs, or takes out machinery, equipment, or spouting under direction of the head miller.
Qualifications: He must be a highly skilled wood and sheet metal worker, and must have a general knowledge of all the milling processes. He should have had experience as carpenter, metal worker, and spouter, also knowledge of belting, and machine repairing. He should have good lungs.
Schooling: Common school.
SACK MAN
Description: The sack man has complete charge of the stock of unfilled flour and feed sacks, bags, cartons, and barrels. It is his duty to keep the packers supplied with the proper kind and number of sacks, bags, cartons, and barrels.
Qualifications: He must be able to render reports of the supplies received and used, and to render accurate inventory of the supplies on hand. He must be intelligent, accurate, and attentive to duty.
Schooling: Common school.
SACK SEWER
Description: The sack sewer repairs sacks by hand or on a sewing machine, and does other required sewing.
Qualifications: He must be able to do plain hand sewing or use a sewing machine.
WAREHOUSE FOREMAN
Kindred occupation: Packer foreman.
Description: The warehouse foreman has charge of the warehouse and has general supervision of all truckers and packers. He superintends the loading of all cars, and issues packing instructions to the packer foreman. He must keep strict account of all cars placed at the warehouse for loading and unloading, and must be able to make out various reports, such as those relating to the loading of cars, the delivery of goods, and the inventory of stock.
Qualifications: This position is one of responsibility and requires a responsible man who has executive ability and who has had previous high-grade warehouse experience. He must have a high degree of intelligence and be physically strong.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
TRICK MILLER, OR SECOND MILLER
Description: Supervises the mill on a particular watch; responsible to the head miller; takes the lead in adjusting trouble at any particular point; presence required in all parts of the mill.
Qualifications: Like those for miller.
Schooling: Common school.
The following occupations--unloader, loader, elevator man, sweeper, smutter, sack man, trucker--may be classified as unskilled, and the men who work in these occupations work under immediate direction of their foreman.
The following occupations--unloader foreman, loader foreman, elevator foreman, warehouse foreman--may also be considered unskilled, but they are filled by men who are able to direct operations of the first group.
The oiler, roll tender, blender, grinder, bolter, spouter, packer, packer foreman, sack sewer, and millwright work under the immediate direction of the second miller in mills of 500 to 1,000 barrel capacity. In smaller mills, however, much of the work listed under these various occupations is done by the miller himself. Mills of less than 500 barrels per day have no second miller, and in that case much of the actual work described in the above occupations is done by the head miller. Wherever there is a second miller, as in the case of the very large mills, he generally takes direction of the mill during the night shift.
Men interested in milling should start preferably in small mills of about 300 barrels’ capacity, or less, and work in such mills for one to two years in order to become fully acquainted with each of the processes listed in the various occupations. If employment is secured in a large mill there will be very little opportunity to do any of the diversified work as in all such mills the work is more highly specialized.
PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
The description of the various occupations given above answers several questions regarding the schooling and necessary qualifications. Milling is entirely an indoors occupation and one which should not be undertaken by any person affected with tuberculosis. A miller should be agile and capable of endurance. Many of the occupations in the mill require considerable climbing and walking, making it a serious handicap for a person who has lost a limb (unless he has become expert in the use of an artificial leg) or for one who is afflicted with rheumatism.
Generally speaking, the loss of an eye would not interfere, nor would dullness of hearing. The loss of an arm would only interfere in certain occupations and not in all. This is true especially if the person has an artificial hand provided with a hook or other holding device and for the more simple occupations and manipulations. Stiffness of the arm and incomplete movements of the joints of the arm or fingers would, if considerable, disqualify a man for general employment in the milling industry. Men affected with shell shock might be able to do good work in a mill. Minor injuries, such us the loss of a finger or toe, or facial injuries, need not interfere with a man’s ability to do any kind of work in a flour mill. When a person has mastered the milling business he may be a successful miller, even though he has lost an arm. One of the best millers in this country has only one arm.
What training and education are required and what may reasonably be expected in the form of wages or salary?--A portion of this question has already been answered. A high-school training is the most that is essential, although many of our best millers have far less education than that. As for the other occupations in the mill a common-school education will, for the most part, suffice for all necessary purposes. The training, however, depends necessarily upon the nature of the position and the responsibility which a man must assume. To become a good head miller a man should have some theoretical training for a year or two and then an opportunity for practice. To take charge of the flour packer no great amount of training is essential. Practically no education is necessary for many of the occupations found in a mill. To be a second miller, from three to nine months’ training in a trade school followed by experience as an apprentice are required. The man with a good training would certainly have an advantage especially when qualifying for the position of head miller in a large mill.
WHERE TO GET TRAINING IN MILLING
There are very few schools in this country where educational courses relating to milling are given. The three best known are connected with the Kansas Agricultural College at Manhattan, Kans., and with State College at State College, Pa., also the Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oreg. Each of these schools has a small mill of about 75 barrels daily capacity, fitted however, with all the machinery generally found in a large mill. The training in milling, as given in these schools requires four years and leads to the degree of bachelor of science in milling engineering. A collegiate preparatory schooling is generally required for entrance and the studies pursued are equivalent to those found in the ordinary college course. As a rule the course includes mathematics, milling technique, free-hand and mechanical drawing, chemistry and physics, languages, etc. The course is indeed a regular four-year university engineering course, greater emphasis being laid upon the engineering problems relating to milling technology and mill design. A man may obtain a fair knowledge of milling, however, in a trade school in three months, and if this is followed by experience as an apprentice for two or three years, he may reasonably expect to qualify as a miller. He should have at least an eighth-grade schooling. A good miller should have an understanding of flour-mill machinery, chemical and physical properties of wheat and flour. This requires considerable school training or a long apprenticeship. The best kind of training, however, for most men striving to become millers is an apprentice in a mill, working in each of the various occupations until a knowledge of all the milling processes is fundamentally and thoroughly learned. Such training might best be obtained in a small mill where an apprentice would be required to do the work of a number of different occupations. In this way money is being earned at the same time as a profession is being learned. Very little preparatory schooling is required, when milling is learned as an apprentice.
The salaries paid to millers run anywhere from $125 per month to several thousand dollars per year. The wages of the various occupations of the milling industry are commensurate with those in similar industries. The less skilled occupations pay laborers’ wages, while occupations requiring skill pay more. It should always be remembered that a worker in any occupation in a mill has a legitimate ambition if he strives to become a head miller. The head miller in any one of our large mills making anywhere over 1,000 barrels of flour per day is in a position of great trust and responsibility and he should be a man of absolute honesty and integrity and a leader of men. Such men command very high salaries.
There are 150 mills in the United States with a daily capacity of over 500 barrels. These are the mills whose millers command the large salaries. There are about 1,200 mills, however, with a capacity of over 100 barrels and all of these employ millers and millers’ assistants. With such a large number of mills employing head millers and second millers, the chances for promotion must be considered good. Promotions, however, depend much upon the efficiency of the miller. To acquire and to maintain a certain degree of efficiency, it is helpful if one will become connected with organizations of millers, and if one will read books and journals on milling, and thus keep abreast of the times. One should not expect promotion too rapidly. If you apply yourself diligently to any of the occupations in the milling industry, and if you show a disposition to learn you will find that “it’s a long trench that has no turning” toward your goal. Do not be like the “lazy loon that wants no learning” and is satisfied to remain untrained and unearning. Your Government is willing to finance you while you are learning, so there is every inducement for you to get into the milling game, if you feel any aptitude for this work.
The hours of labor in the various occupations in a mill are gradually being standardized to those of union labor in general; the head miller, however, who has considerable responsibility, does not as a rule limit his working hours to eight.
There are some 21 mills in this country with a daily capacity between 5,000 and 10,000 barrels. The millers of these mills must necessarily have splendid personal qualifications, as well as training. That he must be a leader of men goes without saying. He must be able to win the confidence and best co-operation of his assistants. He must be imbued with a love for his work; must have an aptitude for milling; capable of planning, resourceful and observant; a good mechanic and have sound judgment. Each one who aspires to become a head miller must develop these qualifications. To be successful in any occupation in the mill one should be industrious and willing to learn.
The earnings of a mill are largely determined by the miller. Ordinarily about 4.5 bushels of wheat, or 270 pounds, will suffice to make a barrel of flour. If a miller can succeed in making a barrel of an equally good flour by the use of less wheat, say 267.5 pounds, he is just that much more valuable than his competitor who can not obtain the same result. A saving of even 2.5 pounds of wheat per barrel of flour, in a 1,000-barrel mill, would mean the saving of 2,500 pounds or 42 bushels of wheat per day.
Flour milling may justly be recognized as one of the most essential professions. Most of the milling is carried on in the great wheat belt, situated for the most part in the great central, north central, and Pacific coast regions of this country. The following States are the great wheat producers: Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Ohio, Oklahoma, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Washington, Montana, Texas, Michigan, Nebraska, Idaho, Colorado, and Oregon. These States produce about 80 per cent of the whole wheat crop of the United States.
In the following States most of the flour is milled: Minnesota, New York, Kansas, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Indiana, Michigan, Texas, Wisconsin, Tennessee, California, Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Washington.
There are an appreciable number of mills along our Atlantic coast and on the Great Lakes, due to special facilities of transportation.
The foregoing would indicate that the need for millers is very urgent. Formerly a high-school boy was perfectly willing to begin his milling career as an apprentice, but the low salary or wages paid to an apprentice is no longer attracting this class of young men. Now, however, that the Government is showing a disposition to finance the returning soldier through college or through the period of apprenticeship, the milling trade should prove very attractive. The need for millers is becoming more urgent every day, and a trained miller will have no difficulty in finding a good position.
PLAN No. 1247. BAKING
This monograph was prepared by J. A. LeClerc, chemist in charge of the laboratory of plant chemistry, Bureau of Chemistry, Department of Agriculture. Acknowledgment is due B. R. Jacobs and E. E. Smith, of the Bureau of Chemistry, and Prof. C. H. Bailey, of the University of Minnesota for assistance in the preparation of this monograph.
WHAT IS BAKING?
Baking is one of the most ancient, widespread, useful, and highly honored occupations. All classes and grades of bakeries are to be found even to-day from the most primitive, such as those among the Indians of this country and of South America, and those among the native tribes of Africa and other undeveloped countries, up to the most highly developed modern bakery, examples of which are to be found in most of our large cities, in which almost every step in the operation is by machinery, the hands of man scarcely touching the product at any stage. In every large city of the country are to be found bakers who employ a large number of men to carry on the various occupations connected with the industry. Every small town has at least one baker, but a small baker generally carries on, himself, each and every occupation connected with the shop.
WHAT DOES THE BAKER DO?
A baker’s business is to make bread by first making a dough with flour, water, salt, and yeast (with or without sugar, malt extract, milk, lard, etc.), allowing this dough to ferment, and then placing this fermented dough in an oven to bake it into bread. In general the following amounts of ingredients are used per barrel of flour: Flour 196 pounds, water 118 pounds, salt 8 pounds, sugar 6 pounds, yeast 2 pounds. Besides these essential ingredients some bakers add 2 to 3 pounds malt extract, 2 to 4 pounds milk or milk products and 3 to 4 pounds of lard or other shortening. A barrel of flour made into dough containing most of these ingredients will make about 282 to 290 one-pound loaves of bread when baked. Baking is quite a diversified business. There are many kinds of bakers or, rather it might be said, that bakers make many different kinds of products, e. g., bread, pies, cakes, crackers, etc. The term “baker,” as generally used, however, refers to bread bakers.
HOW MANY BAKERS ARE THERE?
In the United States there are some 30,000 commercial bakers of whom about 3,000 to 4,000 have an output of 70 to 75 per cent of the baking business of the country. Besides these commercial bakers, found in every city of any size in the country, bakeries are also to be found in many large hotels and restaurants, and these number many thousands more. These bakeries are of such size, indeed, that a head baker and an assistant baker, besides many workmen, are engaged in the different occupations.
There are many bakeries in this country who make daily from 50,000 to 100,000 loaves of bread. This requires the use of approximately 170 to 340 barrels of flour every day. Some bakers use five times that amount of flour. One of the largest bakeries in France, in connection with the American Expeditionary Forces, was said to be capable of turning out 1,000,000 loaves per day. The number of bakeries in the United States making over five thousand one-pound loaves per day is very large, and these are the ones which especially require the services of a master baker as well as of several other trained employees.
VALUE OF BAKERY PRODUCTS
At the time of the last census there were over 120,000 men employed in the baking industry and the total output of the product from all kinds of bakeries was estimated to be valued at $400,000,000. Since that time, however, the output of the commercial labor has increased by leaps and bounds. To-day the commercial baker makes fully one-half of the bread consumed in the country, which is a relatively much larger amount than was made even 10 years ago. During the war, bread was advertised as was no other commodity. Besides this, the housewife found very great difficulty in making a satisfactory bread with the use of such a large amount of flour substitutes as the Food Administration required. This compelled many housewives to buy baker’s bread--housewives who had never before used baker’s bread. The habit thus formed has in many cases proved permanent, and thus has resulted in a largely increased demand for baker’s bread.
* * * * *
These facts show the importance of the baking industry, and show furthermore that the need for bakers is constantly growing and indeed is most urgent. It should not be difficult for any returning soldier who desires to make a specialty of baking to find employment near his own home, particularly if he lives in a large city.
WHERE DO BAKERS WORK?
Bakers formerly almost universally worked in basements, many of them dark and unsanitary. The basement bakery is, in fact, not entirely done away with yet, but such as remain are small and unimportant. To-day the bakers of each city are vieing with each other to see who can put up the most attractive, the most “sunlit,” and sanitary bakery. The consequence is that practically all large important bakeries are built high up, with abundance of air and sunlight. This makes the work much more attractive, agreeable, and healthful than was formerly the case. The conditions of work for bakers are thus improving rapidly and are fully on a par with, if indeed they are not better than, those of other important industries.
DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPATIONS IN A BAKERY
There are a number of occupations connected with the baking industry, among which may be mentioned truckers, blending-machine tenders, mixers, machine hands, bench hands, oven men, packers, and shipping clerks, salesmen, clerks, and the engineers. The classification in the following table shows the character of occupations, the work required, the qualifications, wages, hours of labor, physical requirements, and training of the men:
==================+========================+=========================+ Occupation. |Character of occupation.| Work requires. | | | | ------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+ 1. Heavy labor. |Handling flour, |Walking, bending, lifting| |trucking, miscellaneous |heavy weights, climbing, | |handling heavy material,|pushing or pulling heavy | |blending-machine |trucks. All work done on | |tenders, machine hands. |feet. | | | | 2. Light labor. |Moving bread racks and |Walking, bending, lifting| |pan racks; loading |ordinary weights, | |wagons, cleaning and |manipulation of cleaning | |greasing pans and |and greasing machines; | |machinery; sweeping. |pushing and pulling | | |loaded racks. Usually all| | |work done on feet. | | | | 3. Dough mixers |Mixing dough; running |Walking, bending, | and |mixing machines; |lifting, operating | assistants. |weighing and measuring |machinery, manipulation | |ingredients. |of scales and measures. | | |Sitting part of time. | | | | 4. Operators of |Turning and timing |Walking, bending, | fermentation. |doughs; pushing troughs;|lifting, pushing heavy | |keeping room at constant|troughs. | |temperature. | | | | | 5. Bench hands, |Running baking machines |Standing at bench, some | dividers, |which divide, round, and|walking; loading, light | rounders, |mold the dough; |lifting, rapid hand | molders. |sometimes performing |movements. | |these operations by | | |hand. | | | | | 6. Peelers, oven |Putting pans into and |Standing at oven, | men. |taking bread from the |bending, light lifting, | |oven; transferring pans |rapid motions of hands | |from peels to racks, |and body. | |etc. | | | | | 7. Sorters, |Sorting bread; checking |Largely desk work. No | checkers, |bread into wagons, |physical exertion except | workers in |making out bread slips, |that involved in handling| bread room, |etc. |records. Very little | shipping | |walking; can use | clerks, | |crutches. | packing | | | clerks, | | | clerical | | | office force. | | | | | | 8. Salesmen. |Making deliveries of |Walking, bending, | |bakery products; driving|lifting, climbing in and | |horses or automobile; |out of wagon or | |working out routes; |automobile constantly. | |keeping up trade, making| | |collections and | | |adjustments of money. | | | | | 9. Shop foreman. |Immediate supervision of|Walking; physical | |shop operations. |exertion only in helping | | |in shop operation; much | | |climbing. | | | | 10. Superintendent|General supervision of |Largely desk work; but | or manager of |entire plant; |must be able to get | bakery. |determination of methods|around plant, to control | |of manipulation; |operations. | |supervision of all | | |business activities. | | | | | 11. Buyer, |Purchasing of raw |Largely desk work. | purchasing agent. |material and equipment. | | | | | 12. Engineers. |Running power plant. |Mostly sitting. | | | | 13. Machinists. |Repairing and installing|Walking, bending, | |machinery. |lifting, climbing. | ------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+
==================+=========================+============+===========+ Occupation. | Qualifications. | Wages per | Hours of | | | week. | work. | ------------------+-------------------------+------------+-----------+ 1. Heavy labor. |Unusual bodily strength | [47]$3 | 8 | |and agility. | | | | | | | 2. Light labor. |Some familiarity with | [47]3 | 8 | |bakery practice. | | | | | | | 3. Dough mixers |Common-school education, | 25-40 | 8 | and |good knowledge of doughs | | | assistants. |and dough batch | | | |ingredients. Familiarity | | | |with bakery practice. | | | | | | | 4. Operators of |Common-school education; | 25-35 | 8 | fermentation. |somewhat familiar with | | | |baking practice. | | | | | | | 5. Bench hands, |Common-school education, | 25-35 | 8 | dividers, |thoroughly familiar with | | | rounders, |baking practice. | | | molders. | | | | | | | | 6. Peelers, oven |Common school education, | 25-40 | 8 | men. |thoroughly familiar with | | | |baking practice; agility | | | |and dexterity. | | | | | | | 7. Sorters, |Business education; some | 20 | 8-9 | checkers, |knowledge of office | | | workers in |practice. | | | bread room, | | | | shipping | | | | clerks, | | | | packing | | | | clerks, | | | | clerical | | | | office force. | | | | | | | | 8. Salesmen. |Business education, | 25-75 | 8-9 | |knowledge of bakery | | | |products: knowledge of | | | |salesmanship; pleasing | | | |personality. | | | | | | | 9. Shop foreman. |Common-school education; | 35-50 | 8-12 | |thorough familiarity with| | | |all lines of bakery work;| | | |ability to handle men. | | | | | | | 10. Superintendent|Thorough business | 50-200 | [48] | or manager of |education; intimate | | | bakery. |knowledge of | | | |manufacturing processes, | | | |cost accounting; great | | | |executive and directing | | | |ability; ability to deal | | | |with men. | | | | | | | 11. Buyer, |Intimate knowledge of | 50-100 | [48] | purchasing agent. |trade and marketing | | | |conditions and costs; | | | |also of raw materials and| | | |equipment used by bakers.| | | | | | | 12. Engineers. |Common-school education, | 25-50 | 8 | |training and experience | | | |in engineering. | | | | | | | 13. Machinists. |Common-school education, | 25-35 | 8 | |training and experience | | | |with machinery. | | | ------------------+-------------------------+------------+-----------+
==================+=========================+========================= Occupation. | Physical requirements. | Training required. | | ------------------+-------------------------+------------------------- 1. Heavy labor. |Both legs, both arms, |None. |hands with thumbs and | |fingers enough to do the | |work; one eye; good | |hearing not essential. | | | 2. Light labor. |Two legs, one hand with |Do. |at least thumb and two | |fingers, if good | |artificial hand; one eye;| |good hearing not | |essential. | | | 3. Dough mixers |One hand, if good |3 to 4 months in baking and |artificial hand, one |establishment. assistants. |foot, with good | |artificial leg; one eye; | |fairly good hearing. | | | 4. Operators of |do. |3 months. fermentation. | | | | 5. Bench hands, |Two hands with thumb and |Do. dividers, |at least one finger on | rounders, |each hand; one foot; one | molders. |eye; fair hearing. | | | 6. Peelers, oven |One hand, if good |3 months. men. |artificial hand; one | |foot, if able to stand | |well on artificial foot; | |one eye, fair hearing. | | | 7. Sorters, |One eye (good eyesight), |6 months. checkers, |one hand; legs not | workers in |essential; fair hearing. | bread room, | | shipping | | clerks, | | packing | | clerks, | | clerical | | office force. | | | | 8. Salesmen. |Both feet; one hand, with|6 months. |good artificial hand; one| |eye; good hearing | |essential. | | | 9. Shop foreman. |do. |1 year. | | 10. Superintendent|Good eyesight, good |2 years. or manager of |hearing; able to get | bakery. |around plant. | | | 11. Buyer, |Good eyesight and |1 year. purchasing agent. |hearing; able to walk. | | | 12. Engineers. |do. |Do. | | 13. Machinists. |Both feet, one hand, one |Do. |eye, fair hearing. | ------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------
[47] Per day.
[48] No fixed hours.
1. Based on intensive technical training of 35 to 40 hours per week.
2. Practically all specialised positions in baking are properly based on a journeyman’s experience. In the case of men who have served only partial apprenticeships, or who have no training whatever, an individual determination is necessary in each case as to the amount of special education, technical school training, and shopwork required to equal the regular apprenticeship foundation.
3. The artificial limbs now available may in many cases enable the individual to meet the physical requirements where the above statement would indicate a difficulty. Each such case must be decided on its merits.
DISABILITIES--THEY NEED NOT DISQUALIFY
A study of the table of occupations will show that few soldiers, who feel they have an aptitude for this industry, will find themselves disqualified. Of course, the bakeshop is no place for a consumptive, nor for an invalid, but the loss of an arm, a leg, an eye, or facial or head wounds need not necessarily disqualify men for every occupation in a bakery. There are many occupations in a bakery which a man with these physical defects may fill with perfect satisfaction and success. Indeed, success can be obtained even under the most apparently serious handicap. Much depends upon the man with a physical defect. He must not let his mind dwell upon that fact. If he has not lost his head or his courage he most assuredly can qualify. What he thinks is a disqualifying defect may not be one at all. Certainly, if his mind is made up to overcome his defect, the battle is over half won already.
THE GOVERNMENT WILL HELP YOU
Every soldier must know that this Government of ours stands ready to assist him to find a congenial occupation. You need not feel discouraged, therefore, because of your supposed disqualification. Instead, it may be the making of you, especially if your mind is positively made up to succeed and if you will accept your Government’s offer to help you to success. While you are learning to become a baker you will be paid a regular allowance to cover your living expenses and your family will be paid an allowance for their support, so that in fact while you are learning you are also earning.
THE CHANCES FOR SUCCESS
The chances for success are as great in the baking industry as in any other. Look about you a bit. It is very seldom you hear or read about the failure of a well-established bakeshop. The people must have bread. Good bread making is not at all difficult. Your chances to make and to sell good bread are just as good as those of your competitor-baker. Baking is a stable industry. There are large profits in the industry when well conducted. Your chances for success, therefore, are good, because the proprietor’s chances for success have always been good. Many examples might be pointed out to you of owners of bakeries who 10 to 20 years ago began in a small way and who to-day are baking from 25,000 to 100,000 loaves per day.
QUALIFICATIONS
For the owner of a bakery the personal characteristics required for success in a large way are about the same as for other occupations and professions. He must keep abreast of the times by constant study and application. Of course a man must be honest. He must be determined to give full weight. It seems so easy in a bakeshop to cut the weight of a loaf by one-half to 1 ounce and thus reap a temporary advantage, and so it is; but as in other businesses, “honesty is the best policy,” and the baker who has the reputation for giving full weight generally gains in the end, and the one who is known to skimp on his weight will eventually find that policy a losing game. A proprietor must be a hard worker; he is liable to be required to work at any time of day or night. He must be a man who can get along with men, one to win their confidences, cooperation, and best endeavors.
A master baker should be able to manage men so as to get the most out of them consistent with decency and fair play. He should have an intimate knowledge of flours and of the other ingredients used in baking. He should be well posted in the art of baking in all its phases, and have enough ambition to keep posted and abreast of the times.
The other employees of a bakery do not need so many of the qualifications possessed by the master baker so long as they are content to remain where they are, but if they are planning to become master bakers themselves they must make up their minds to obtain this very training. Many soldiers have already had considerable experience in field bakeries. They will find this experience of great value in commercial bakeries. However, previous training and experience in the Army is not an essential, inasmuch as sufficient experience can be had in several months’ study at a trade school to satisfy the requirements of beginners. Men who aspire to forge ahead in a bakery must have “pep,” be alert to learn, and must apply themselves studiously. They should have a natural aptitude for the work, for the best work can never be done in any line where there is no love and enthusiasm.
TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE
Formerly, bakers learned their profession through the apprenticeship. While that system is also in vogue to-day, yet many men are being given a tremendous boost by first attending a trade school for bakers or a technical school, college, or university. In going through the apprenticeship stage, a man would be very greatly assisted if he had at least an eighth-grade education or better still a high school or college education. The trade school will in the course of six to nine months’ intensive training not only train a man to bake a good loaf of bread, but will teach him to know the characteristics of the ingredients which are used in baking and how to detect or determine their quality. He will acquire a chemical knowledge of these raw materials. He will also learn to have a thorough knowledge of baking machinery and how to handle ovens. After such a schooling, he should make fast progress as an apprentice.
SCHOOLS OF BAKING
Among the schools offering training for bakers may be mentioned the Dunwoody Institute at Minneapolis, the University of Minneapolis at University Farm, Minn., the Kansas Agricultural College at Manhattan, and a number of trade schools proper at Chicago--the Columbus Laboratory, Operative Miller, and Siebel Institute.
It should always be recognized that a general education is a great aid on the road to success, and that an ambition to keep pace with the improvements in methods, changes in materials and appliances will be rewarded by more rapid promotion. One of the best ways of maintaining the pace is to read the various journals devoted to milling and baking and to associate one’s self with societies specializing in milling and baking.
The bakers’ journals which will be found helpful are as follows:
Bakers’ Helper, 431 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
Bakers’ Review, 408 Whitall Building, New York City.
Bakers’ Weekly, 41 Park Row, New York City.
Confectioners and Bakers’ Gazette, 127 Worth Street, New York City.
National Baker, 411 Walnut Street, Philadelphia.
Retail Confectioner and Baker, 36 Catherine Street, New York City.
The Bakers’ News, 332 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill.
The Mediator, 121 Canal Street, New York City.
The Pacific Coast Gazette, San Francisco, Calif.
Among the milling journals may be mentioned:
American Miller, 315 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
Canadian Miller and Cerealist, Montreal, Canada.
Dixie Miller, 154 North Cherry Street, Nashville, Tenn.
Miller’s Review, 424 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Modern Miller, 1032 Pierce Building, St. Louis, Mo.
Northwestern Miller, the Miller Building, Minneapolis, Minn.
Operative Miller, 537 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
Roller Mill, Marine Bank Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
There are two societies in this country which are making special endeavors to study milling and baking problems, viz, the American Society of Milling and Baking Technology and the American Association of Cereal Chemists. Besides these journals and societies, from which considerable help and enthusiasm may be obtained, the Government, particularly the Department of Agriculture, stands ready to assist anyone along these lines. This department has accumulated considerable information on flour, bread, and the various cereals, and it is always glad to answer any questions that it can and ready to give out any information which it has.
Besides all these sources of help, much information may be gained by reading bulletins published by a number of experiment stations, and these bulletins may be obtained for the asking. Among the experiment stations publishing such bulletins may be mentioned the following:
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kans.
North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, N. Dak.
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Ky.
Ontario Agricultural Experiment Station, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, Pa.
South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings, S. Dak.
Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Wash.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn.
Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, University Farm, Minn.
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio.
Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, Lansing, Mich.
Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Me.
California Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley, Calif.
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah.
Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Moscow, Idaho.
Furthermore, a number of books on baking have been published in the English language, among which may be mentioned the following:
Otto Werlin. The American Cake Baker, published by the Richmond Borough Publishing Printing Co., New York.
Amy L. Handy. War-Time Bread and Cake, published by Houghton & Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
William H. Brooks. Modern Practical Cake Baking, published by the Times Publishing Co., Palo Alto, Calif.
Fritz L. Gienandt. The Twentieth Century Book for the Progressive Baker-Confectioner, published by the author, in Boston.
Emil Braun. Secrets of Bread Making.
Siebel’s Manual.
Recipe Book for the Practical Baker. Malzbender.
Paul Richards. Bakers’ Bread, with appendix.
Biscuits and Cakes, 1911. Reliable Flour Co., Boston, Mass.
Robert Wells. Bread, Biscuits, Buns, and Cakes.
Frank A. Kennedy. The Biscuit Industry, 1895.
Wihlfahrt, J. E., A Treatise on Flour, Yeast, Ferment, and Baking.
Laws and Gilbert. The Wheat Grain, Its Milling Products and Bread.
Charles and James Scott. Vienna Bread.
Owen Simmons. The Book of Bread.
Dr. Harry Snyder. Studies on Bread and Bread Making.
J. A. Wanklyn. Bread Analysis.
H. W. Wiley. Cereal and Cereal Products.
Mrs. H. W. Atwater. Bread and the Principles of Bread Making.
Blandy. Studies in Bread Making.
Gill. Short History of the Baker’s Art.
Gill. Chemistry of Bread Making.
T. B. Wood. The Story of a Loaf of Bread.
Grant. Chemistry of Bread Making.
Dr. John Goodfellow. The Dietetic Value of Bread.
William Jago. The Principles of Bread Making.
Archer Kirkland. Studies for the Bakehouse.
John Kirkland. All About Bread Making.
John Kirkland. The Modern Baker, Confectioner, and Caterer.
It is thus seen that for the man who is ambitious to learn about baking there are many sources of knowledge. The baker, or baking employee who aspires to become a baker, can find much assistance and inspiration from bulletins, books, journals, and societies, and by correspondence with experts of the Department of Agriculture. The disabled soldiers who believe they can qualify to become bakers have every reason to feel encouraged.
PLAN No. 1248. DENTAL MECHANICS AS A VOCATION
This monograph was prepared by Dr. Harold DeWitt Cross, director, the Forsyth Dental Infirmary, Boston, Mass., and Dr. Guy S. Millberry, dean, college of dentistry, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Mechanical dentistry has been practiced by individuals for over a thousand years, though its development in a scientific way can be said to date from the beginning of the last century.
It is a part of the practice of dentistry which is limited to working upon inert matter and does not include work of any kind upon patients. For this reason anyone can become a dental mechanic, for the laws governing the practice of dentistry in all States specifically point out that such are exempt from the licensing requirements and penalties of law.
In presenting this work as a possible vocation, care has been taken to give fair and accurate accounts of what may be expected, the qualifications, and the type of work done. It is not right to say that mechanical dentistry is extremely simple, or that the pay is magnificent. It is right to say, however, that with the proper qualifications, mechanical dentistry offers big returns upon the investment of time and effort required to complete this course of training.
Mechanical dentistry plays a vital part in maintaining and increasing human efficiency. Hence, the skilled dental mechanic may be proud of his work, and may derive a threefold satisfaction from it--the pleasure in the work itself, the gratification of being well paid, and the satisfaction that comes from the knowledge that it is of benefit to mankind.
Class of Work Done.--The work of a dental mechanic consists of making, in the laboratory or work room, artificial dentures and restorations such as plates, bridges, crowns, inlays, etc., for which the impressions have been taken from the patients’ mouths by the dentist, and the work done under his direction.
The work may be divided into two major classes, plate work, and crown and bridge work. Plate work may again be divided into vulcanite or rubber plate work and metal plate work. In addition to this there are a number of types of dental work such as pouring and trimming plaster models of the teeth, making metal dies and counter dies, gold and porcelain inlays and other kinds of incidental work, so that a variety is always to be found in any dental laboratory.
Plate Work.--Plate work by the mechanical dentist consists of assembling plaster or modeling compound, taking impressions of the mouth and teeth, pouring plaster casts from them, making bite plates and the mounting of the models on the articulator, and in the instance of metal plates, making dies and counter dies of zinc and lead or similar metals or alloys for subsequent work. Then the porcelain teeth are set up in wax for trial purposes and the wax is subsequently removed and replaced by vulcanite. In the case of metal plates, aluminum, gold, or platinum is used as a base plate which must be swaged or cast to fit each individual case. This requires a knowledge and skill in the working of metals and frequently includes soldering operations.
Crown and Bridge Work.--Crown and bridge work include the working and soldering of precious metals as gold, platinum, or similar materials, and porcelain or it may be a combination of both precious metals and porcelain. These two classes of work constitute the largest part of mechanical dentistry though each class may offer many different types of cases.
Conditions of Labor.--Mechanical dentistry attracts a very desirable class of men, and therefore the people with whom one is thrown in the profession are such as may be a source of inspiration and encouragement.
The work is all light, usually performed at a bench, either sitting or standing as the mechanic prefers. There is enough of a variety of work to break the monotony. The metals used are zinc, lead, tin, copper, bismuth, antimony, or alloys of them, and the precious metals, gold, silver, mercury and platinum.
Practically no machinery except a small polishing lathe is used and all the tools and equipment are furnished by the employer. While much of the work is done with steel tools, very little of it is done on steel.
Light and ventilation are usually of the best, though the laboratories are generally small, and the sanitary conditions are generally very good.
HOURS AND WAGES
Hours.--The hours are in a sense variable, running from 40 to 50 per week, and may vary from week to week where the dental mechanic is employed by the individual dentist. The hours depend largely upon the amount of work on hand in the office each day and the urgency for its completion. Usually the dentist works about seven hours a day, and he seldom demands more time of his assistants. Under these conditions, overtime is not usually considered. In large laboratories where a number of mechanics are employed the hours are likely to be more uniform and exacting.
Wages.--The wages will range from $15 to $40 or $50 a week, depending entirely on the ability of the mechanic, his speed and careful workmanship being the determining factor. More than $20 a week can not usually be expected at the start, but progress will be rapid according to the ability developed.
There are no unions organized to include this branch of labor as nearly all dentists do their own mechanical work during odd times.
Dental mechanics who possess skill and good business acumen may establish laboratories of their own, and cater to the needs of a number of dentists who do not have enough work to employ a dental mechanic, and yet more than they can accomplish themselves along with their other work. In this way, on a basis of piece work, a dental mechanic may build a lucrative and independent business, employing a number of assistants, and produce a net income of from $3,000 to $7,000 or $8,000 a year. Of course the essentials for success in such a business are the same as may be expected of any man who expects to be successful in other lines of business.
Permanency and Opportunities of the Profession.--There is an ever increasing demand for honest dental service on the part of the general public. Fully 100 per cent of the children and adults in any country need some form of dental service at least once a year. There are not enough dentists now to supply this service except to a limited portion of the population, but many of these have a practice sufficiently large to justify the employment of several assistants, one of whom should be a dental mechanic.
On account of the lack in the past of facilities for training there has arisen widespread and urgent demand for qualified dental mechanics. Well-informed dentists, who have the interest of the profession at heart, appreciate the present necessity for men trained in this particular phase of dentistry.
There are in the United States alone nearly 1,000 cities of more than 5,000 population. The smallest of these would afford employment to one mechanical dentist or more, working on salary or independently. Of the total number of cities, 60 have populations ranging from 40,000 to 100,000; each of these cities will afford employment to a large number of mechanical dentists. Forty of the 60 have populations of 100,000 and over. New York is the largest and it is estimated that it alone affords employment for thousands of mechanical dentists. Each of the other 39 cities gives large opportunities for capable members of this profession.
QUALIFICATIONS
Previous Training.--No previous knowledge of dentistry or experience in mechanical work is necessary to qualify the student for mechanical dentistry, though those who have had experience such as mechanics in the jewelry trade, metal working industries where small work is a feature, or photography will find that the former work is a good foundation.
Education.--An average education is all that is absolutely required for the student of mechanical dentistry, though a high-school training and a knowledge of physics, chemistry, and manual training is desirable.
Personal Qualifications.--A natural intelligence, a moderate amount of ability to work with the fingers, perseverance and neatness are the essentials for success.
Age.--There is no age limit for the man who wishes to take up this vocation.
TRAINING
Time required.--The length of time required to train men for mechanical dentistry may vary, according to previous education, experience and his type of disability. In many places the training is not done by classes, but through personal instruction, and the completion of the course lies with the aptitude of the student. The average time required is believed to be about one college year unless, as in some special cases, an intensive course of four months or so is instituted. These have been opened in some places. This refers to the time required when a course is taken rather than an apprenticeship in some laboratory of a private dentist.
Type of Training.--A course in mechanical dentistry is a practical one in which the student learns by doing. The work is demonstrated by a capable instructor, and then the students themselves do the actual work. There are a limited number of lectures, and an effort is made to give a sufficient fundamental knowledge for all the ordinary manipulations required in the trade.
After his course is complete, he will continue to improve his general knowledge and skill by further study. He must learn, if he is employed by a private dentist, the particular methods of his employer, and keep up with the new improvements described in dental text books and journals.
Course of Instruction.--The course of instruction in dental mechanics include the following subjects:
Model making.
Rubber plate making.
Anatomy of teeth.
Saddles.
Crown and bridge work.
Gold plates.
Lingual bar plates.
Aluminum plates.
Metal casting.
Orthodontia or regulating appliances.
Special Fields.--There are special fields in dentistry where the dental mechanic may adapt himself to a new class of work now very much in demand, that of dental radiography, or the taking and developing of X-ray pictures. Persons having had previous experience in any branch of photography will fit into this work easily.
Other special lines are the making of orthodontia appliances, gold and porcelain inlays, castings, clasps, bridges, and plates, crown and bridge work, and gold plate work.
Disabilities.--The physical qualifications and disability restrictions of a dental mechanic are not very exacting.
Persons with one good eye and the control and manipulative ability of both hands or at least two fingers and a thumb on each hand; defective hearing, with one or no legs (provided locomotion is not impaired), such diseases as hernia, kidney trouble, affections of the liver or heart will not be too seriously disabled to enter this profession.
Tuberculosis, on the other hand, is a serious handicap, both on account of the sedentary life, and because it might be difficult to secure or hold permanent employment because of the fear of contagion. Other infectious diseases would be more suitable to some other type of employment.
Very few vocations are open to such a wide number of disabled men. The opportunity for them seems to be one which will continue to increase with the increase in scientific dentistry, and the growing comprehension of the people of the important relation of the mouth and teeth to their general health.
Each of the following plans has a specially arranged list of occupations and business opportunities which have not been placed in the main index and should be consulted in connection with the index.
Page Civil Service U. S., Index of Service-- Plan No. 217 100 {City, County, State and Federal Government, 487 { Index of Service Plan No. 830- 907 503 Forestry Pursuits--Index of Service „ „ 910 509 Wood Working Trades--Index of Service „ „ 928 556 Agriculture--Index of Courses „ „ 938 563 Agriculture--Index, Technical „ „ 940 566 Agriculture--Index, Experimental Station „ „ 942 569 Agriculture--Index, Extension Service „ „ 943 570 Navy Work--U. S. Index of Service „ „ 1050 624 Printing Trades--Index of Service „ „ 1238 826 Flour Milling--Index of Service „ „ 1246 849 Baking--Index of Service „ „ 1247 857
INDEX
A PAGE
Able Seaman--Plan No. 1022, 607 Accounting--Plan No. 1088, 668 Acres, 10, Accomplished--Plan No. 767, 439 Acre, ¹⁄₁₀th of, Makes $0.80 an Hour--Plan No. 750, 430 Acre, ¹⁄₂ Raise Cucumbers--Plan No. 293, 269 Acre, 8¹⁄₂ near City--Plan No. 21, 11 Acre Tracts in City Make Profits from Truck Gardening--Plan No. 620, 380 Address, Obtained All Information Concerning City Property--Plan No. 582, 364 Addresses, Copy and Sell--Plan No. 424, 317 Adjutant General of State--Plan No. 884, 496 Advertise Hair Dressing--Plan No. 138, 71 Advertised on the Home Industry Page--Plan No. 465, 329 Advertisements on Barber’s Mirror--Plan No. 425, 317 Advertising, Assists Sale of Soap--Plan No. 392, 307 Advertising Agency Started--Plan No. 10, 5 Advertising Beauty Bags--Plan No. 159, 81 Advertising Boosted, Home Town--Plan No. 464, 328 Advertising Carpet Cleaner--Plan No. 199, 94 Advertising, Clips News Articles--Plan No. 33, 20 Advertising for Cook Book--Plan No. 34, 20 Advertising, Constipation Cure--Plan No. 153, 78 Advertising in Country Paper--Plan No. 66, 36 Advertising a Copy Pad--Plan No. 161, 83 Advertising, Circulars Dist.--Plan No. 337, 390, 283, 306 Advertising, Coupon Plan--Plan No. 52, 29 Advertising in Country Weeklies--Plan No. 421, 423, 316 Advertising in Book--Plan No. 49, 28 Advertising Dustless Dusters--Plan No. 160, 82 Advertising Eggs--Plan No. 305, 274 Advertising on Fly Paper--Plan No. 363, 292 Advertising by Farm Woman of Fruits and Jellies--Plan No. 581, 364 Advertising by Farm Woman Photographing Stock--Plan No. 99, 52 Advertising, Great Opportunities In--Plan No. 1090, 1091, 670, 671 Advertising for Gingham Shop--Plan No. 11, 5 Advertising a Grocery Store--Plan No. 298, 271 Advertising by Hotel--Plan No. 97, 51 Advertising, Hidden Coin in Window--Plan No. 741, 426 Advertising, Kitchen List--Plan No. 279, 237 Advertising Knock Down Picture Frames--Plan No. 387, 304 Advertising by Letter--Plan No. 153, 78 Advertising, List of Names--Plan No. 36, 21 Advertising Man’s Opportunity in Chamber of Commerce--Plan No. 681, 403 Advertising in Moving Picture Programs--Plan No. 84, 44 Advertising Man Represents Country Weeklies--Plan No. 430, 318 Advertising Man Runs Sales Company--Plan No. 666, 395 Advertising, Motion Picture Theatre--Plan No. 79, 569, 41, 359 Advertising While Sick--Plan No. 360, 291 Advertising Obtained by Long Distance Phone--Plan No. 356, 289 Advertising with Country Stores--Plan No. 732, 422 Advertising to Get Acquainted--Plan No. 669, 398 Advertising for Home Industries--Plan No. 423, 465, 316, 329 Advertising Manufacturing Page--Plan No. 675, 401 Advertising Plan for Selling Books--Plan No. 49, 28 Advertising Political Manual--Plan No. 22, 12 Advertising, A Shopper--Plan No. 152, 77 Advertising of Shawls--Plan No. 308, 275 Advertising a Preparation--Plan No. 167, 85 Advertising Proposition--Plan No. 238, 166 Advertising, Sells Lists--Plan No. 61, 34 Advertising, Show Card Writing--Plan No. 1237, 822 Advertising Silver Polish--Plan No. 112, 57 Advertising, Soliciting--Plan No. 551, 350 Advertising Space Sold a Large Amount of Thermometers--Plan No. 63, 34 Advertising by Stenographer--Plan No. 50, 28 Advertising Starts Sales of Preparation--Plan No. 167, 85 Advertising Talking Machines--Plan No. 385, 303 Advertising, Theatre Goers’ Weekly--Plan No. 23, 13 Advertising Catch Phrase Contest--Plan No. 530, 343 Advertising which Brought Women to Store--Plan No. 299, 271 Advertising, Window Card--Plan No. 10, 5 Agent, Appoint for Companies, Pays Expenses Through College--Plan No. 594, 370 Agent, Boys’--Plan No. 112, 57 Agent Obtains Hearing--Plan No. 248, 217 Agricultural Experiment Stations, Extension Service--Plan Nos. 942, 943, 569, 570 Agriculture, Technical as Profession--Plan No. 938, 563 Agriculturist for the County--Plan No. 855, 493 Air Brake Mechanic in Shop Work for Railroad--Plan No. 982, 594 Air Pencils, Make--Plan No. 203, 95 Air Pencils, Profit From--Plan No. 204, 96 Alfalfa Brings Good Returns--Plan No. 625, 382 Alfalfa Pastures--Plan No. 624, 382 Alligators for Boy Agent--Plan No. 112, 57 Arm and Bust Developer--Plan No. 497, 336 Almond Cream, Sell--Plan No. 505, 337 Almond Paste, Made--Plan No. 107, 55 Aluminum Ware Sales Puts Man Through College--Plan No. 600, 372 Amateur Photography, Finishing--Plan No. 951, 574 Amusements Developed at Lake--Plan No. 745, 428 Animal Industry, Bureau--Plan No. 896, 500 Animals Photographs for Sale--Plan No. 99, 52 Angora Cats Raised at Home--Plan No. 42, 24 Apprentices, for Opportunity--Plan No. 842, 491 Apprenticeship Training. Electrical Manufacturing--Plan No. 1079, 656 Apple-butter. Make and Sell--Plan No. 419, 315 Apples Sold by Parcel Post--Plan No. 364, 293 Apples, Surplus. Make Use Of--Plan No. 304, 273 Aprons, Ready to Wear Made--Plan No. 13, 6 Architect for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Architect Assisted by Landscape Artist--Plan No. 272, 236 Architectural Photography--Plan No. 949, 574 Areal Line and Cable Section--Plan No. 1223, 799 Arm Developer--Plan No. 497, 336 Armature Repairing, Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1211, 795 Armature Winding, Electrical--Plan No. 1196, 784 Art Bureau, Commercial--Plan No. 454, 324 Articles You Can Make and Sell--Plan No. 712, 414 Artificial Maple Syrup--Plan No. 145, 74 Artist Starts Commercial Art Bureau--Plan No. 454, 324 Assayer, Assistant for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Assemblers and Erectors in Metal Trade--Plan No. 925, 550 Assembling Electrical Manufacturing Plan--Plan No. 1076, 655 Athletic Assistant, Pays College Expenses--Plan No. 665, 395 Assessor’s Office, He Made A Success--Plan No. 687, 405 Attorney for the U. S. A.--Plan No. 888, 499 Attorney for Interstate Commerce--Plan No. 217, 100 Attorney General for the State--Plan No. 879, 496 Attorney Makes Small Fee, Earns Good Returns--Plan No. 420, 315 Auditing Department, Telephone--Plan No. 1221, 799 Auditor to the State--Plan No. 877, 495 Auto and Carriage Polish--Plan No. 193, 92 Auto Builder for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Auto Dressing Top--Plan No. 352, 288 Auto Inspection Service--Plan No. 37, 22 Auto Mechanic Inspects Cars--Plan No. 37, 22 Autos Painted in Winter--Plan No. 591, 365 Auto Truck Driver, Plan for--Plan No. 843, 491 Auto Truck Drivers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 491 Automobile Assembly, Completing the Car--Plan No. 1118, 713 Automobile Assembly, Dash and Instrument Board--Plan No. 1112, 711 Automobile Assembly, Dynamomeder--Plan No. 1116, 712 Automobile Assembly, Final Inspecting and Testing--Plan No. 1119, 713 Automobile Assembly, Front and Rear Axles--Plan No. 1106, 710 Automobile Assembly, Inspection--Plan No. 1114, 711 Automobile Assembly, Storing and Delivering Car--Plan No. 1121, 713 Automobile Assembly, Mounting the Radiator--Plan No. 1109, 710 Automobile Assembly, Mounting the Transmission--Plan No. 1107, 710 Automobile Assembly, In Painting Department--Plan No. 1117, 713 Automobile Assembly, Placing the Engine--Plan No. 1108, 710 Automobile Assembly, Placing the Frame--Plan No. 1105, 709 Automobile Assembly, Preparation for Shipping--Plan No. 1120, 713 Automobile Assembly, Road Testing--Plan No. 1115, 711 Automobile Assembly, Securing, the Steering Gear--Plan No. 1110, 710 Automobile Assembly, Starting the Engine--Plan No. 1113, 711 Automobile Assembly, Wheels and Bearings--Plan No. 1111, 711 Automobile Bath House--Plan No. 577, 363 Automobile, Electrical Repair--Plan No. 1202, 788 Automobile, Ignition Repair--Plan No. 1153, 759 Automobile Industry, Manufacturing, Occupations In--Plan No. 1104, 707 Automobile Industry, Oxyacetylene Work--Plan No. 1143, 738 Automobile Maintenance and Service--Plan No. 1151, 752 Automobile Manufacturing, Bearings--Plan No. 1125, 717 Automobile Manufacturing of Bodies--Plan No. 1137, 730 Automobile Manufacturing, Carburetors--Plan No. 1131, 725 Automobile Manufacturing, Clutch--Plan No. 1129, 721 Automobile Manufacturing, Engines--Plan No. 1130, 721 Automobile Manufacturing, Frames--Plan No. 1122, 715 Automobile Manufacturing, Front Axles and Spindles--Plan No. 1124, 716 Automobile Manufacturing, Ignition--Plan No. 1132, 726 Automobile Manufacturing, Radiators--Plan No. 1134, 729 Automobile Manufacturing, Rear Axles--Plan No. 1126, 718 Automobile Manufacturing, Accessories--Plan No. 1138, 731 Automobile Manufacturing, Springs--Plan No. 1123, 716 Automobile Manufacturing, Starting and Lighting Equipment--Plan No. 1133, 728 Automobile Manufacturing, Steering Gears--Plan No. 1135, 730 Automobile Manufacturing, Transmission--Plan No. 1128, 720 Automobile Manufacturing, Universal Joint--Plan No. 1127, 720 Automobile Manufacturing, Wheels--Plan No. 1136, 730 Automobile Painted in Winter--Plan No. 591, 369 Automobile, Repair Work--Plan No. 1152, 754 Automobile, Storage Battery Repair--Plan No. 1154, 760 Automobile Work, Electrical--Plan No. 1200, 786 Automobiles, Taught to Women--Plan No. 3, 1 Automobiles, Tire Repair--Plan No. 1155, 762 Automobiles, Truck Drivers--Plan No. 1156, 764
B
Back Yards of Other People Cultivated--Plan No. 82, 43 Back Lot Money--Plan No. 790, 449 Bacteriologist, Opportunity--Plan No. 830, 487 Baggage Man for Railroad--Plan No. 967, 1000, 587, 599 Bags, Perfume for Bath--Plan No. 208, 97 Bakery of Her Husband Woman Boosted--Plan No. 315, 276 Baking As a Vocation--Plan No. 1247, 857 Baking Saved the Home--Plan No. 19, 9 Baking Bread and Cake--Plan No. 303, 273 Baking, Busy People for--Plan No. 175, 88 Baking Fruit Cake to Sell--Plan No. 29, 16 Baking, Indian Service U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Balloon Brings Good Money In--Plan No. 401, 310 Band Leader for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Banker, He Became One--Plan No. 690, 406 Banking, Commercial Work Common--Plan No. 1098, 680 Barn Made to Pay--Plan No. 28, 16 Barber’s Mirror Advertising Plan--Plan No. 425, 317 Barber Shaves His Way Through College--Plan No. 586, 368 Barber Supply-man Hones Razors--Plan No. 250, 218 Barnman, Opportunity--Plan No. 834, 488 Barrels, Buy Old Ones and Sell--Plan No. 339, 284 Basket Boarders--Plan No. 829, 486 Basket for Ferns, Make--Plan No. 1, 1 Basket Making--Plan No. 92, 48 Basket Making by Woman--Plan No. 234, 165 Baskets, Make and Sell--Plan No. 182, 89 Basting Garments--Plan No. 1243, 839 Bath House in Autos--Plan No. 577, 363 Bath Perfume Bags--Plan No. 208, 97 Bath Powder--Plan No. 499, 336 Bath Rugs Made--Plan No. 72, 38 Bath Room Exclusively for Women--Plan No. 255, 219 Beaded Articles Made by Old Soldier--Plan No. 344, 285 Beauty Bags Free--Plan No. 159, 81 Beauty Parlor Opens--Plan No. 188, 90 Bed Bug Preparation--Plan No. 698, 408 Bee Handler for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Bee-Keeping as a Vocation--Plan No. 1235, 803 Bee-Keeping on the Farm--Plan No. 1063, 637 Bee Keeping Plan--Plan No. 214, 1235, 724, 99, 815, 419 Becomes Entertainer, Pays Way Through College--Plan No. 599, 372 Bed Bug Preparation of the Best--Plan No. 698, 408 Belgium Hares Raised--Plan No. 379, 300 Bench Hands--Plan No. 924, 549 Bending Frames and Plates--Plan No. 1043, 621 Berries, Pickles--Plan No. 200, 94 Biochemical, U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Biologist, U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Bird Baths--Plan No. 567, 356 Black Ink Powder, Sell--Plan No. 472, 331 Blacksmith for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Blacksmith Helpers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 489 Blacksmith, Opportunity--Plan No. 834, 488 Blacksmith, Opportunity--Plan No. 842, 491 Blacksmith Work in Shop of Railroad--Plan No. 983, 594 Blind, Employment of--Plan No. 1073, 653 Blind Man Makes Money--Plan No. 344, 285 Block for Tables, Etc.--Plan No. 815, 465 Blue, Black Ink Powder, Sell--Plan No. 472, 331 Blind Man Succeeds--Plan No. 344, 285 Blue Prints for Furniture--Plan No. 738, 425 Blue Prints Sold to Farmers--Plan No. 738, 425 Blacksmith, Navy--Plan No. 1032, 618 Blacksmith, Railroad--Plan No. 983, 594 Board and Room Nurses--Plan No. 148, 76 Boarders from the Farm by the Basket Method--Plan No. 829, 486 Boatswain, Water Transportation--Plan No. 1021, 607 Boarding House, Run, Pays College Expenses--Plan No. 585, 367 Boiler Maker for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Boiler Maker in Shop Work of Railroad--Plan No. 984, 594 Boiler Shop, Navy--Plan No. 1031, 618 Book that Costs you Nothing, Sells for Ninety-eight Cents--Plan No. 49, 28 Book of Receipts for Farmers--Plan No. 306, 274 Book on Show Card Making--Plan No. 542, 346 Book Binder for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Bookkeeper, Division--Plan No. 834, 488 Bookkeeper for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Bookkeeper, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 489 Bookkeeper, Opportunity for--Plan No. 839, 490 Bookkeeper, Opportunity for--Plan No. 860, 493 Bookkeepers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 844, 491 Bookkeeping--Plan No. 1083, 662 Books, School Covers Made for--Plan No. 227, 163 Book to Farmers--Plan No. 306, 274 Boosted His Home Town--Plan No. 464, 328 Botanist for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Boy Agent, Alligator Plan--Plan No. 112, 57 Boy Believes In Pigs--Plan No. 751, 752, 431 Boy Collects Old Magazines and Sells--Plan No. 482, 333 Boy Does Odd Jobs--Plan No. 481, 333 Boy Does Parlor Magic--Plan No. 478, 333 Boy Does Saw Work--Plan No. 479, 333 Boy in High School Makes Money--Plan No. 676, 743, 744, 401, 427 Boy on Farm Makes $587.00 on One Pig--Plan No. 696, 408 Boy on Farm Sells Buttermilk--Plan No. 355, 289 Boy Makes Profit from One Ewe--Plan No. 756, 432 Boy Makes Profit on One Pig--Plan No. 726, 728, 420, 421 Boy Makes Success of Garden--Plan No. 703, 412 Boy Makes Success with Hogs--Plan No. 752, 757, 431, 433 Boy Raises Belgium Hares--Plan No. 379, 300 Boy Raises Poultry--Plan No. 94, 754, 94, 431 Boy Runs Lemonade Stand--Plan No. 480, 333 Boy Runs News Depot--Plan No. 353, 289 Boy Sells Cancelled Postage Stamps--Plan No. 476, 332 Boy Sells Mother’s Baking--Plan No. 19, 9 Boy Starts on Road to Success as Poultry Man--Plan No. 754, 431 Boy Tinsels Postal Cards--Plan No. 471, 331 Boy Used Printing Press--Plan No. 477, 332 Boys Can Go to High School from the Farm--Plan No. 829, 486 Boys and Girls Raise Bees, A Good Profit--Plan No. 724, 419 Boys Make Good Money from Calves in the State of Minnesota--Plan No. 755, 432 Boys in the South Make Money from Calves--Plan No. 729, 422 Boys Trained for Offices--Plan No. 384, 303 Brakeman on Through Local Freight--Plan No. 995, 996, 598 Brakeman on Passenger Train--Plan No. 994, 598 Bread and Cake Baking--Plan No. 19, 9 Bread and Cake Baking--Plan No. 303, 273 Bread Roasting or Sponge Box, Build--Plan No. 813, 463 Bridgemen, Opportunity for--Plan No. 840, 490 Brief Writing for Lawyer--Plan No. 31, 18 Briefing the Briefs--Plan No. 156, 80 Brick Maker for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Bromide Photography--Plan No. 948, 574 Brooms, Pay College Expenses--Plan No. 746, 428 Bureau of Animal Industry--Plan No. 896, 500 Bureau of Crop Estimates--Plan No. 897, 500 Bureau of Information--Plan No. 670, 399 Bureau for Mailing--Plan No. 278, 237 Bureau for Markets--Plan No. 898, 500 Bureau for Farmers--Plan No. 55, 31 Bureau of Commercial Art--Plan No. 454, 324 Bureau for Clipping Service--Plan No. 139, 72 Bureau for Trade Tips--Plan No. 571, 359 Bust Developer--Plan No. 497, 336 Business Advisor--Plan No. 555, 351 Business Doctor--Plan No. 666, 395 Business Girls, Hot Soup and Lunch for--Plan No. 302, 272 Business Letters, Write--Plan No. 9, 4 Business Manager for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Butter Making Equipment--Plan No. 821, 473 Butter, Market--Plan No. 434, 319 Butter Milk Diet--Plan No. 126, 64 Butter Made Yellow in Winter--Plan No. 494, 335 Butter Sold by Parcel Post--Plan No. 246, 209 Buttermilk Sold--Plan No. 355, 289 Butcher, Saws Sharpened--Plan No. 109, 56 Button Hole Making--Plan No. 40, 23 Buying Old Barrels--Plan No. 339, 284 Buys Currants, Puts Up--Plan No. 134, 70
C
Cabbage and Tomatoe Plants Raised--Plan No. 417, 315 Cabinet Maker, Opportunity--Plan No. 936, 561 Cabinet Maker, U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Cable Repair Section, Telephone Co.--Plan No. 1231, 802 Cadet Officer for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Calendars, Home Scenes--Plan No. 407, 312 Calendars with Local Views--Plan No. 252, 218 Calf Brings Good Money in Minnesota--Plan No. 755, 432 Calking, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1044, 621 Calves Make Farmer Boys Money--Plan No. 729, 422 Calves Profitable--Plan No. 68, 36 Camera for Motion Pictures, Opportunity--Plan No. 79, 41 Camera Pictures--Plan No. 57, 32 Canary Raising by Woman--Plan No. 221, 145 Candy, A Good Seller--Plan No. 487, 334 Candy, Chocolate Caramels--Plan No. 331, 282 Candy, Fig Paste--Plan No. 333, 282 Candy, Molasses--Plan No. 329, 282 Candy, Nut--Plan No. 332, 282 Candy, Summer Seller--Plan No. 487, 334 Candy, Peppermint Creams--Plan No. 330, 282 Canned Chicken--Plan No. 692, 407 Canned Fruits and Vegetables--Plan No. 210, 560, 353, 98 Canned Products Keep Family--Plan No. 722, 418 Canned Vegetables--Plan No. 294, 270 Canning for City People--Plan No. 264, 232 Canning in the Homo Supports Family--Plan No. 720, 417 Canvassing Method--Plan No. 258, 230 Canvassing Plan--Plan No. 531, 343 Canvassing Trust Plan Used--Plan No. 309, 275 Capons and Caponizing--Plan No. 240, 184 Capons Raised--Plan No. 297, 270 Cash Rebate Cards--Plan No. 527, 342 Card Writer’s Plan--Plan No. 204, 96 Car Inspection, Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1213, 796 Car Repairman for R. R.--Plan No. 87, 595 Carpenter for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Carpentering in Factory, Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 928, 555 Carpet Cleaning Liquid--Plan No. 241, 196 Carpet Cleaner Makes--Plan No. 199, 94 Car Repairs, Shop Work in Railroad--Plan No. 987, 595 Catering for Lodge People--Plan No. 90, 47 Catering in Small Town--Plan No. 295, 270 Catering by Woman--Plan No. 18, 8 Cattle Beef, Money Velvet--Plan No. 623, 381 Cattle, a Profit In--Plan No. 768, 439 Cattle in Washington--Plan No. 617, 379 Cellar Grows Mushrooms--Plan No. 91, 47 Cement Manufacture--Plan No. 1157, 765 Cement Manufacture--Plan No. 1182, 772 Cement Sticks--Plan No. 377, 299 Cement Workers--Plan No. 217, 100 Ceramics U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Cereal Work--Plan No. 217, 100 Chaffing Dish--Plan No. 403, 311 Chain of Hair--Plan No. 359, 291 Chauffeur on Roads and Streets--Plan No. 1009, 602 Chamber of Commerce, Secretary, He Becomes--Plan No. 681, 403 Characters, Read from Photographs--Plan No. 327, 281 Checker, Opportunity for--Plan No. 845, 492 Cheese, Cottage, How to Make--Plan No. 245, 197 Cheese Made by Ambitious Woman on Farm--Plan No. 737, 424 Cheese Maker for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Cheese Making Equipment, Make and Sell--Plan No. 822, 474 Cheese Sold by Parcel Post--Plan No. 246, 209 Chemist for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Cherries Pickled--Plan No. 130, 69 Chestnuts Gathered--Plan No. 179, 88 Chewing Gum--Plan No. 334, 282 Chewing Gum of Spruce--Plan No. 335, 283 Chickens, Canned--Plan No. 692, 407 Chickens Raised--Plan No. 668, 398 Chickens Raised by a Boy--Plan No. 94, 49 Chicken Raiser--Plan No. 710, 414 Chief Mate--Plan No. 1017, 1018, 606 Chief Steward, Ocean Transportation--Plan No. 1025, 610 Children Entertain--Plan No. 667, 397 Children’s Five Cent Playground--Plan No. 16, 7 Children Go to Movies Free--Plan No. 111, 57 Children Given Sewing Lessons--Plan No. 163, 84 Children’s Pictures, Take--Plan No. 46, 26 Children at School, Lunches for--Plan No. 236, 165 Children’s Thumbless Mittens Made--Plan No. 231, 164 Children’s and Women’s Wearing Apparel--Plan No. 688, 405 China Broken, Mend--Plan No. 439, 320 China Painting--Plan No. 365, 294 Chocolate Caramels--Plan No. 331, 282 Christmas Gifts, Home Made--Plan No. 142, 74 Church History, Wrote--Plan No. 201, 95 Church Motion Pictures--Plan No. 402, 311 Church Paper--Plan No. 98, 51 Church Post Cards--Plan No. 197, 93 Cigars for the Farmers--Plan No. 309, 275 Circulars Distributed--Plan No. 337, 283 Circulars Distributed Group--Plan No. 390, 460, 306, 327 Circulating Library--Plan No. 259, 230 Circulating Music Library--Plan No. 386, 304 Cisterns Cleaned and Repaired--Plan No. 324, 279 Citronette Cucumbers--Plan No. 293, 269 City Clerk’s Division--Plan No. 848, 492 City Commissioner--Plan No. 685, 404 City Farming, Raise Mint--Plan No. 6, 3 City Farming for Others--Plan No. 82, 43 City Home Garden--Plan No. 280, 583, 238, 366 City Gardens Raised--Plan No. 583, 366 City Gardens Managed--Plan No. 266, 233 City Hall Division--Plan No. 831, 488 City Lawyer Makes a Success--Plan No. 658, 393 City Lots, Landscape for--Plan No. 265, 233 City Lot Turned into a Profitable Farm--Plan No. 5, 3 City People Obtain Dinners from the Country--Plan No. 121, 61 City Property, Obtained Information from--Plan No. 582, 364 City, Special Counsel for--Plan No. 636, 386 City Treasurer’s Division--Plan No. 844, 491 Civil Service, U. S. Government as a Career--Plan No. 217, 100 Civil Service Division--Plan No. 849, 492 Claim Agent, Opportunity for--Plan No. 847, 492 Cleaning Closet--Plan No. 828, 485 Cleaning Compound Powder--Plan No. 162, 83 Clerk for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Clerk to Superintendent--Plan No. 80, 42 Clerk of District Court, U. S. A.--Plan No. 901, 501 Clerk to Hydraulic Engineer--Plan No. 83, 44 Clerical and Office Work, Railroads--Plan No. 963, 967, 980 583, 587 Clerk of the Railway Mail--Plan No. 904, 502 Clerk, Opportunity--Plan No. 830, 487 Clerk, Opportunity for--Plan No. 850, 492 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 839, 490 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 814, 491 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 863, 494 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 861, 494 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 862, 494 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 864, 494 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 848, 492 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 489 Clerks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 849, 492 Clerks, U. S. Government--Plan No. 217, 100 Clerical Work, General Commercial--Plan No. 1084, 663 Clerical Work, Railroads--Plan No. 963, 583 Clipping Bureau--Plan No. 139, 72 Clipping Collection--Plan No. 7, 3 Clips Personal Notices from Newspaper--Plan No. 33, 20 Climbing with the Goats--Plan No. 805, 454 Clinic for Clothes--Plan No. 695, 407 Clock, Time Card--Plan No. 358, 290 Cloth Patterns, Copy--Plan No. 519, 340 Clock on Street--Plan No. 358, 290 Clothes Clinic--Plan No. 695, 407 Clothes made Fire Proof--Plan No. 281, 267 Clothing Advisor--Plan No. 556, 351 Clothing Store Started--Plan No. 694, 407 Club for Luncheon--Plan No. 169, 86 Club Women, Clipping for--Plan No. 7, 3 Coffee from Cereals--Plan No. 394, 308 Coffee, Fresh Roasted--Plan No. 74, 39 Coffee House Planned for--Plan No. 74, 39 Coil Impregnating and Painting--Plan No. 1074, 653 Coil Placing and Connecting--Plan No. 1075, 654 Coil Taping, Electrical--Plan No. 1072, 653 Coil Winding, Electrical--Plan No. 1071, 652 Coin Hidden in Window--Plan No. 741, 426 Cold Box, Build and Sell--Plan No. 820, 472 Collection Agency--Plan No. 71, 37 Collection Agency on Membership Basis--Plan No. 415, 314 Collection Agencies, Solicit Business for--Plan No. 462, 328 Collection of Old Witness Fees--Plan No. 96, 50 Collection Idea Which is Good--Plan No. 540, 346 Collection on Percentage--Plan No. 412, 313 Collection on Salary Basis--Plan No. 413, 314 Collection System Successful--Plan No. 455, 324 Collections, Lawyer Builds Practice On--Plan No. 671, 399 Collections on Municipal Accounts--Plan No. 30, 17 Collector of Internal Revenue--Plan No. 892, 499 Collector, Opportunity for--Plan No. 834, 488 Cologne, Home Made--Plan No. 105, 54 College, Bible Puts Him Through--Plan No. 596, 371 College, Defrays Expenses--Plan No. 397, 309 College, Earns His Way Through--Plan No. 370, 296 College, Earns Way Through--Plan No. 595, 453, 371, 323 College, Earns Way by Appointing Agents--Plan No. 594, 370 College, Earns Way Through, by Championing Religious Doctrine--Plan No. 601, 372 College, Earns Way Through by Entertainment--Plan No. 599, 372 College, Earns His Way Through by Working for Y. M. C. A.--Plan No. 593, 370 College, Farmer Lives Near--Plan No. 776, 442 College Girl Makes Spats--Plan No. 15, 7 College, Goes Through and Pays $300 on Debt--Plan No. 399, 310 College, Goes Through by Running Boarding House--Plan No. 585, 367 College, Girl Works her Way Through--Plan No. 67, 395, 396, 397, 399, 198 College, He Sold Law Books--Plan No. 779, 442 College, He Taught His Way Through--Plan No. 778, 442 College, Indiana Boy Earns Way Through--Plan No. 371, 296 College Laundry Agency--Plan No. 75, 39 College, Man from Oregon Earns Way--Plan No. 587, 368 College, Pays Expenses by Becoming Athletic Assistant--Plan No. 665, 395 College, Pays Expenses by Boosting for Boarding House--Plan No. 664, 395 College, Pays Expenses by Selling and Writing Class History--Plan No. 663, 395 College, Pays Expenses by Shaving--Plan No. 586, 368 College, Pays His Way Through by Selling Stereo Views--Plan No. 602, 373 College, Pays His Way Through, Teaches Elocution--Plan No. 588, 368 College Positions to Agriculture Specialists--Plan No. 941, 568 College, Prepay Way by Preparing Lectures--Plan No. 584, 367 College, Riding to, on Brooms--Plan No. 746, 428 College, Sells Aluminum Ware During the Summer--Plan No. 600, 372 College, Sells Bibles--Plan No. 596, 371 College, Sells Insurance to Pay Expenses--Plan No. 597, 371 College, Sells Lectures--Plan No. 584, 367 College, Sold Real Estate and Paid Expenses--Plan No. 787, 447 College, Student Earns Her Way Through--Plan No. 395, 308 College Student Earns Way Through--Plan No. 372, 297 College Student Earns Way Through Law School, Wash. D. C.--Plan No. 373, 298 College, Studious Man Pays His Way--Plan No. 589, 369 College, Takes Orders for Students--Plan No. 592, 370 College, Taught his Way--Plan No. 778, 442 College, They Sang Their Way Through--Plan No. 598, 371 College, Two Men Earn Their Way Through--Plan No. 453, 323 College, Wash Boy Earns Way--Plan No. 370, 296 College, Watch Fob--Plan No. 86, 45 College, Western Man Earns His Own Way--Plan No. 590, 587, 595, 369, 368, 371 College, Woman Earns Way--Plan No. 395, 308 College, Woman Obtains Education on $45--Plan No. 396, 308 College, Woman Gets Education and $500--Plan No. 397, 309 Comforter Made of Feathers--Plan No. 448, 322 Composers of Music, Assist--Plan No. 249, 217 Commercial Dept., Telephone Companies--Plan No. 1218, 798 Commercial Employments Common, Clerical Work--Plan No. 1084, 663 Commercial Occupations--Plan No. 1082, 658 Commercial Photography--Plan No. 949, 574 Commercial School Started--Plan No. 87, 46 Commercial Teaching--Plan No. 1099, 681 Commercial Work Common, Banking--Plan No. 1098, 680 Commercial Work Common, Bookkeeping--Plan No. 1083, 662 Commercial Work Common, Employment Opportunities--Plan No. 1093, 674 Commercial Work Common, Foreign Trade--Plan No. 1092, 673 Commercial Work Common, Life Insurance Salesman--Plan No. 1095, 677 Commercial Work Common, Office Management--Plan No. 1097, 680 Commercial Work Common, Retail Selling--Plan No. 1086, 666 Commercial Work Common, Secretarial Work--Plan No. 1094, 675 Commercial Work Common, Stenographer--Plan No. 1085, 665 Commercial Work Common, Telegraphy and Wireless Operating--Plan No. 1087, 667 Commercial Work Professional, Accounting--Plan No. 1088, 668 Commissioner of His City--Plan No. 685, 404 Commissioner of Public Land for State--Plan No. 880, 496 Commissioners Division--Plan No. 838, 489 Composers of Music, Assist--Plan No. 249, 217 Computer for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1157, 765 Concrete Construction, Contractor--Plan No. 1160, 767 Concrete Construction, Finishers--Plan No. 1165, 769 Concrete Construction, Foreman--Plan No. 1164, 768 Concrete Construction, Form Builder--Plan No. 1167, 769 Concrete Construction, Mixer Operator--Plan No. 1166, 769 Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1157, 765 Concrete Construction, Reinforced Places--Plan No. 1168, 769 Concrete Construction, Rural Contractors--Plan No. 1169, 770 Concrete Construction, Structural Group--Plan No. 1158, 766 Concrete Construction, Superintendent for--Plan No. 1161, 1162, 767, 768 Concrete Construction, Time Keeper--Plan No. 1163, 768 Concrete Engineer, Work--Plan No. 1158, 766 Concrete, Inspector for--Plan No. 1159, 767 Concrete Production, Foreman for--Plan No. 1177, 771 Concrete Production, Machine Operators--Plan No. 1178, 771 Concrete Products, Manufacturer--Plan No. 1182, 772 Concrete Production, Modeler--Plan No. 1179, 772 Concrete Production, Patterns for--Plan No. 1180, 772 Concrete Road Construction, Form Setter--Plan No. 1175, 771 Concrete Road Construction, Superintendent for--Plan No. 1172, 770 Concrete Road Foreman--Plan No. 1177, 771 Concrete Road Construction, Mixer, Operator, Finisher, Reinforcing Places--Plan No. 1172, 770 Concrete Road Construction Work--Plan No. 1170, 770 Concrete Roads, Inspector for--Plan No. 1171, 770 Concrete Work, Assistant--Plan No. 1160, 767 Condensed Milk--Plan No. 206, 97 Conductor for Electric Railway--Plan No. 1006, 1007, 601 Conductor for Elevator, U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Conductor on Freight Trains, Railroad--Plan No. 997, 598 Conductor, Passenger, Railroad--Plan No. 998, 599 Congressional Office--Plan No. 873, 495 Constables--Plan No. 854, 493 Constipation, Treatment for--Plan No. 153, 78 Containers, Oxy-Acetylene--Plan No. 1146, 739 Contest on Catch Phrase--Plan No. 530, 343 Contractor for Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1160, 767 Co-operative Cooking--Plan No. 17, 8 Co-operative Store--Plan No. 76, 40 Cook Book Published--Plan No. 34, 20 Cook Stove Drier and Evaporator--Plan No. 827, 483 Cook for U. S.--Plan No. 533, 344 Cooking School for Girls--Plan No. 274, 237 Cooking, Co-operative--Plan No. 17, 8 Cooks, Opportunity for--Plan No. 859, 493 Copper Shop, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1037, 619 Copying, Coloring Photographs, Lantern Slides and Etc.--Plan No. 948, 574 Copying Pads, Sell--Plan No. 161, 83 Corn, Roasting Ears for Winter--Plan No. 516, 339 Coroner, Opportunity for--Plan No. 871, 495 Coroner, Physician Becomes--Plan No. 638, 387 Correspondence for Newspaper--Plan No. 191, 91 Cotton Service for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Cottage Cheese, Make--Plan No. 291, 245, 269, 197 County Agriculturist--Plan No. 855, 493 County Assessor, He Became--Plan No. 687, 780, 405, 443 County Assessor’s Office--Plan No. 862, 494 County Auditor’s Office--Plan No. 860, 494 County Clerk--Plan No. 863, 494 County Clerk, He Becomes--Plan No. 781, 443 Court Clerk, How Lawyer Became--Plan No. 653, 390 County Commissioner, How To Become--Plan No. 632, 685, 383, 404 County Commissioner, Opportunity for--Plan No. 851, 492 County Engineer--Plan No. 872, 495 County Infirmary--Plan No. 870, 494 County Prosecuting Attorney--Plan No. 865, 494 County Sheriff--Plan No. 864, 494 County Treasurer’s Office--Plan No. 861, 494 County Weekly Runs Manufacturing Page--Plan No. 465, 329 Coupon Idea--Plan No. 310, 275 Coupons to Aid Sales--Plan No. 52, 29 Coupons Used in Sales--Plan No. 52, 311, 29, 275 Counsel--Plan No. 1181, 773 Counsel for Other Lawyer Becomes--Plan No. 654, 391 Counselor for Clothes (Women)--Plan No. 147, 75 Country Paper Advertising--Plan No. 66, 36 Covers for Rolling Pin--Plan No. 691, 406 Cow Provides Music Lessons for Girl--Plan No. 730, 422 Cow Tester--Plan No. 719, 416 Cows Bring Return of $200.00 a Year--Plan No. 773, 441 Cows, Good Money In--Plan No. 609, 377 Cows, Helped Him--Plan No. 774, 441 Crab Apple Jelly, Make--Plan No. 136, 71 Cranberries Picked on Shares--Plan No. 178, 88 Creams, Peppermints--Plan No. 330, 282 Crematory Division--Plan No. 834, 488 Crew, Water Transportation--Plan No. 1014, 1015, 604, 605 Crochet and Other Patterns--Plan No. 185, 89 Crocheted Clothes for Dolls--Plan No. 12, 6 Crop Estimate Bureau--Plan No. 898, 500 Crops, Three in One Season--Plan No. 622, 381 Crystalized Fruits and Nuts--Plan No. 404, 311 Cucumber Culture--Plan No. 164, 84 Cucumber Citronette--Plan No. 293, 269 Cucumbers Raised Early--Plan No. 288, 268 Cultivating Other People’s Back Yards--Plan No. 82, 43 Currant Farm--Plan No. 123, 62 Cushions and Pillows, Make--Plan No. 254, 219 Custodian of the Court House--Plan No. 857, 493 Custodian of Federal Building--Plan No. 894, 499 Custodian, U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Custom House Inspector--Plan No. 889, 499 Customers for Farm Products--Plan No. 795, 450 Cutters of Leather--Plan No. 1054, 631 Cutting Garments--Plan No. 1240, 839 Cut Over Lands for Farmer--Plan No. 777, 442 Cutting Steel Frames and Plates, Naval Yard--Plan No. 1042, 620
D
Dancing School--Plan No. 150, 77 Dancing was Taught in Spare Time--Plan No. 400, 310 Dandelion Destroyer--Plan No. 447, 321 Dandelions, Pickle--Plan No. 286, 268 Daily Records for Lawyers--Plan No. 604, 374 Dairying, He Likes--Plan No. 616, 379 Dairy, One Cow--Plan No. 8, 4 Dairying on the Farm--Plan No. 1064, 638 Dandelion Destroyer--Plan No. 447, 321 Deacon Makes Money out of Tax Deeds--Plan No. 639, 387 Dealing in Nut Meats--Plan No. 168, 86 Decorations for Tables, Etc.--Plan No. 783, 444 Demonstration Agent--Plan No. 907, 503 Dental Mechanics as a Vocation--Plan No. 1248, 865 Dentist, Indian Service--Plan No. 217, 100 Dentist, Opportunity--Plan No. 833, 488 Department of Public Work Commissioner’s Division--Plan No. 839, 490 Department Store, Does Mending for--Plan No. 88, 46 Designer for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Designing Garments--Plan No. 1239, 839 Desk Room in City Office--Plan No. 113, 57 Detective--Plan No. 837, 489 Diabetic Nurse--Plan No. 568, 357 Diabetic Garden--Plan No. 539, 345 Dictaphone, sings Songs Through--Plan No. 194, 92 Dictaphone Used in Briefing--Plan No. 31, 18 Dieting, Method--Plan No. 125, 126, 62, 64 Dining Room in Old Street Car--Plan No. 270, 235 Dinners from the Country by Parcel Post--Plan No. 121, 61 Directory for Alumni--Plan No. 566, 356 Directory for Public School--Plan No. 564, 355 Directory. Special in Patent Insight--Plan No. 422, 316 Disabled, Agriculture--Plan No. 1065, 638 Disabled, Agriculture Key to--Plan No. 1066, 640 Disabled, Agriculture, Chart--Plan No. 1068, 643 Disabled, Auto Maintenance--Plan No. 1152, 754 Disabled, Auto Storage Repair--Plan No. 1154, 760 Disabled, Auto Tire Repair--Plan No. 1155, 762 Disabled, Auto Truck Drivers--Plan No. 1156, 764 Disabled, Bee Keeping--Plan No. 1235, 803 Disabled, Cabinet Work--Plan No. 936, 561 Disabled, Commercial Occupations--Plan No. 1082, 658 Disabled, Farm Machines--Plan No. 1236, 815 Disabled, Flour Milling--Plan No. 1246, 849 Disabled, Government Trades--Plan No. 1244, 840 Disabled in Farm Management--Plan No. 1103, 700 Disabled Men, 133, Make Good--Plan No. 1100, 683 Disabled Men in Machine Operating--Plan No. 932, 935, 558, 560 Disabled Men, Many Positions for Life Insurance Salesmen, 10,000--Plan No. 1095, 677 Disabled Men, Opportunities for--Plan No. 932, 933, 1002, 558, 559 Disabled Men Opportunity in Jewelry Trade--Plan No. 959, 578 Disabled Men, Opportunity in Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 933, 559 Disabled, Occupation In Navy Yards--Plan No. 1026, 610 Disabled, Podiatry as a Vocation--Plan No. 1245, 844 Disabled, Purser, Water Transportation--Plan No. 1024, 609 Disabled, Railroad--Plan No. 988, 1003, 595, 600 Disabled, Salesmanship, Commercial--Plan No. 1089, 669 Disabled, Secretarial Work, Commercial--Plan No. 1094, 675 Disabled, Selling, Retail--Plan No. 1086, 666 Disabled, Stenography--Plan No. 1085, 665 Disabled, Success of--Plan No. 1100, 683 Disabled, Telegraphy--Plan No. 964, 583 Disabled, Telegraphy and Wireless--Plan No. 1087, 667 Disabled, Transportation--Plan No. 961, 580 Disabled, Water Transportation--Plan No. 1013, 604 Dish Drainer, Build and Sell--Plan No. 814, 464 Dishes Rented from Tea Room--Plan No. 18, 8 Distributing--Plan No. 337, 390, 460, 283, 306 Distributing Circulars--Plan No. 337, 283 Diversified Farming--Plan No. 770, 440 Division Supervisor for Railroad--Plan No. 968, 588 Doctor, Drugless, Builds up a Practice--Plan No. 650, 388 Doctor Becomes Coroner--Plan No. 638, 387 Doctor, Eye Specialist--Plan No. 361, 291 Doctor Makes Money--Plan No. 640, 388 Doctor Opens Hospital--Plan No. 77, 40 Doctor, Opportunity In This Field--Plan No. 918, 539 Doctor In Small Town Makes Surgery a Specialty--Plan No. 655, 391 Dog Raising--Plan No. 570, 359 Dolls for Christmas Dressed--Plan No. 226, 163 Doll Clothes Crocheted--Plan No. 12, 6 Doughnuts Earns Her a Home--Plan No. 740, 426 Doughnuts and Potato Chips--Plan No. 93, 48 Draftsman, Electrical--Plan No. 1070, 650 Draftsman, Navy Yards--Plan No. 1028, 617 Draftsman, Opportunity for--Plan No. 872, 495 Draftsman, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 490 Draftsmen Obtain Work from Patent Attorney--Plan No. 784, 445 Drawing Room, Navy Yards--Plan No. 1026, 610 Drayman on Road and Street--Plan No. 1012, 603 Dress Cutting School--Plan No. 149, 76 Dress Goods, Take Orders for--Plan No. 176, 88 Desk Room in City Office--Plan No. 113, 57 Dresses Ready to Make--Plan No. 114, 58 Dressing for Auto Top--Plan No. 352, 288 Drier or Evaporator--Plan No. 827, 483 Drilling, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1043, 621 Drivers for Automobile and Truck--Plan No. 1156, 764 Drivers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 835, 489 Druggist Makes Perfume Bags for Bath--Plan No. 208, 97 Druggist’s Wife Makes Soda Fountain Pay--Plan No. 78, 41 Drugless Treatment for Constipation--Plan No. 153, 78 Ducks and Geese Raised--Plan No. 70, 37 Dusters and Oil Mops--Plan No. 321, 278 Dustless Dusters--Plan No. 160, 82 Dustless, Manufacture and Sell--Plan No. 714, 415
E
Eggs, Butter and Milk Market--Plan No. 434, 319 Eggs Kept Fresh--Plan No. 217, 100 Eggs Kept Fresh for a Long Time--Plan No. 545, 348 Eggs, Preserved, Good Money In--Plan No. 707, 758, 434, 413 Eggs Preserved by Liquid Glass--Plan No. 380, 300 Eggs, Saving--Plan No. 707, 413 Eggs Sell at a High Price--Plan No. 305, 274 Eggs Substitute for--Plan No. 548, 348 Eggs, Two Ways to Preserve--Plan No. 758, 434 Electrical Automobile Works--Plan No. 1202, 788 Electrotypes for Country Merchants--Plan No. 119, 60 Electrical Armature Winders--Plan No. 1196, 784 Electrical, Conduit Wiring--Plan No. 1191, 781 Electrical Contracting, Armature Winding--Plan No. 1194, 783 Electrical Contracting and Repairing--Plan No. 1185, 779 Electrical Contracting, Repairing--Plan No. 1195, 784 Electrical Construction, Repairing, Light and Power--Plan No. 1189, 781 Electrical Construction and Repairing, Salesman--Plan No. 1194, 783 Electrical Construction and Repairing, Steel Wiring--Plan No. 1191, 781 Electrical Construction and Repairing, Signal Wiring--Plan No. 1188, 780 Electrical Construction and Repairing, Wiring Occupation--Plan No. 1190, 781 Electrical Construction and Repairing, Molding Wire--Plan No. 1190, 781 Electrical Construction and Repairing, Estimators--Plan No. 1193, 783 Electrical Dept. Naval Yards--Plan No. 1040, 620 Electrical Employment with Utility Companies--Plan No. 1203, 789 Electrical Engineers, Opportunities for--Plan No. 838, 490 Electrical Estimator--Plan No. 1193, 783 Electrical, General Repairman--Plan No. 1195, 784 Electrical Installation of Wiring--Plan No. 1187, 780 Electrical Inspection--Plan No. 1200, 786 Electrical Light and Power Company, Accounting Dept.--Plan No. 1209, 794 Electric Light and Power Companies, Meter Dept.--Plan No. 1206, 792 Electric Light and Power Companies, Engineering Dept.--Plan No. 1208, 793 Electrical Light and Power Companies Sales Dept.--Plan No. 1207, 793 Electrical Light and Power Wiring--Plan No. 1191, 781 Electric Light and Power Companies--Plan No. 1204, 791 Electric Line Construction--Plan No. 1205, 792 Electrical Maintenance--Plan No. 1197, 785 Electrical Maintenance, Qualification of Plant--Plan No. 1198, 785 Electrical Manufacturing, Apprenticeship Training--Plan No. 1079, 656 Electrical Manufacturing, Assembling--Plan No. 1076, 655 Electrical Manufacturing, Coil Placing and Connecting--Plan No. 1075, 654 Electrical Manufacturing, Coil Impregnating and Painting--Plan No. 1074, 653 Electrical Manufacturing, Coil Taping--Plan No. 1072, 653 Electrical Manufacturing, Coil Winding and Taping--Plan No. 1071, 652 Electrical Manufacturing, Employment for Blind--Plan No. 1073, 653 Electrical Manufacturing, Engineering and Drafting--Plan No. 1070, 650 Electrical Manufacturing Industries, Occupation In--Plan No. 1069, 648 Electrical Manufacturing, Inspection and Repair--Plan No. 1077, 655 Electrical Manufacturing, Testing,--Plan No. 1078, 656 Electrical Manufacturing, Testing Generators and Other Devices--Plan No. 1081, 657 Electrical Manufacturing, Testing Motors--Plan No. 1080, 657 Electrical Molding, Wiring--Plan No. 1190, 781 Electrical Owners--Plan No. 1186, 780 Electrical, Promotions--Plan No. 1199, 786 Electrical Qualifications--Plan No. 1198, 785 Electrical Railway, Armature Repairing--Plan No. 1211, 795 Electrical Railway, Car Inspection--Plan No. 1213, 796 Electrical Railway, Foreman--Plan No. 1216, 797 Electrical Railway, Instruction Dept.--Plan No. 1215, 797 Electrical Railway Line Dept.--Plan No. 1217, 798 Electrical Railway Motorman--Plan No. 1005, 600 Electrical Railway, Other Occupations--Plan No. 1007, 601 Electric Railways, Oxy-Acetylene Work--Plan No. 1141, 737 Electric Railways, Opportunity--Plan No. 1004, 600 Electric Railway Conductor--Plan No. 1006, 601 Electric Railway Foreman, Electrical, Line Dept--Plan No. 1217, 798 Electrical Railway Shop Wiring--Plan No. 1212, 796 Electrical Railway Systems--Plan No. 1210, 794 Electrical Railway, Transportation Dept. and Instruction--Plan No. 1214, 1215, 796, 797 Electrical Salesman--Plan No. 1194, 783 Electrical Steam Railroads--Plan No. 1233, 802 Electrical, Telephone Companies--Plan No. 1218, 798 Electrical Wiring as an Occupation--Plan No. 1192, 782 Electrical Work in Storage Battery and Service Stations--Plan No. 1201, 787 Electrician--Plan No. 835, 489 Electrician in Shop Work of Railroad--Plan No. 985, 595 Electrotypes Sold to Country Merchant--Plan No. 119, 60 Elevator Boy Becomes Engineer--Plan No. 744, 427 Elevator Operators--Plan No. 831, 488 Elevator Man--Plan No. 837, 489 Elocution Teacher Pays His Way Through College--Plan No. 588, 368 Embroidery Taught--Plan No. 67, 36 Employer from Shipping Clerk--Plan No. 521, 340 Employment with Electrical Utility Companies--Plan No. 1203, 789 Employment Management--Plan No. 914, 522 Employment Office for Government--Plan No. 902, 501 Employment Opportunities in Commercial Work Common--Plan No. 1093, 674 Employees, Opportunity for--Plan No. 865, 494 Enamel Stove Polish--Plan No. 502, 337 Endive Plant and Pickle--Plan No. 287, 268 Engineer--Plan No. 834, 488 Engineer Chief and Assistant on Ship--Plan No. 1020, 606 Engineer Chief, Water Transportation--Plan No. 1020, 606 Engineer Can Get Work from Patent Attorney--Plan No. 784, 445 Engineer, Concrete Work--Plan No. 1170, 770 Engineer for Railroad--Plan No. 992, 597 Engineer, Hydraulic from Clerk--Plan No. 83, 44 Engineer, Made from Elevator Boy--Plan No. 744, 427 Engineer, Opportunity--Plan No. 840, 490 Engineer, Opportunity for--Plan No. 872, 495 Engineer, Safety and Fire Protection--Plan No. 916, 535 Engineer, Testing for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Engineer, Train Work on Railroad--Plan No. 991, 597 Engineers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 857, 493 Engineers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 490 Engineers for Road Construction Work--Plan No. 1170, 770 Engineering Dept., Light and Power Companies, Electrical--Plan No. 1204, 791 Engineering Dept., Telephone Companies--Plan No. 1218, 798 Engineering and Drafting, Electrical--Plan No. 1070, 650 Engineering, Fire Protection--Plan No. 918, 539 Engineering, Safety--Plan No. 917, 536 Engineers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 490 Engineers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 872, 495 Entertains Children--Plan No. 667, 397 Equipment on, Telephone Companies--Plan No. 1226, 800 Erectors and Assemblers In Metal Trade--Plan No. 925, 550 Estimators, Electrical--Plan No. 1193, 783 Etiquette and Dancing School--Plan No. 150, 77 Exchange Mart--Plan No. 192, 91 Exchange Parcel Post--Plan No. 389, 305 Exchange for Women--Plan No. 151, 77 Experiment Stations--Plan No. 941, 568 Extracts, Takes Orders for--Plan No. 177, 88 Eye Specialist, Optometry--Plan No. 926, 551 Eye Specialist--Plan No. 361, 291
F
Face Cream, Carbolic--Plan No. 146, 75 Factory Hand Becomes Farmer--Plan No. 725, 419 Factory Workers in Sheet Metal--Plan No. 922, 547 Factory Workers Receive Lunches--Plan No. 122, 61 Farm and Law--Plan No. 467, 330 Farm Bee-Keeping--Plan No. 1063, 637 Farm, Block for Tables--Plan No. 815, 465 Farm, Build Broad Roaster and Sponge Box--Plan No. 813, 463 Farm, Butter, Yellow--Plan No. 494, 335 Farm, Butter Making Equipment--Plan No. 821, 473 Farm, Capons and Caponizing--Plan No. 240, 184 Farm, Cheese Making Equipment--Plan No. 822, 474 Farm Children Can Go to High School--Plan No. 829, 486 Farm, Cleaning Closet--Plan No. 828, 485 Farm, Coal Box, Build and Sell--Plan No. 820, 472 Farm, Conveniences, Build and Sell--Plan No. 810, 458 Farm, Cured of the Cramps--Plan No. 789, 448 Farm Dairying--Plan No. 1064, 638 Farm Demand for Labor--Plan No. 1067, 642 Farm, Disabilities--Plan No. 1066, 640 Farm, Dish Drainer, Make and Sell--Plan No. 814, 464 Farm, Drier and Evaporator--Plan No. 827, 483 Farm, 8¹⁄₂; Acres--Plan No. 21, 11 Farm, Fireless Cooker, Build--Plan No. 812, 460 Farm, Folding Ironing Board, Build and Sell--Plan No. 817, 467 Farm, Guinea Fowl, How to Raise--Plan No. 256, 219 Farm Home Conveniences, Build and Sell--Plan No. 810, 458 Farm Horticulture--Plan No. 1062, 637 Farm, Iceless Refrigerator, Build and Sell--Plan No. 817, 467 Farm Kitchen Cabinet, Build--Plan No. 811, 458 Farm Kitchen, Water Works for--Plan No. 824, 477 Farm Lands and Country Weekly Makes a Success--Plan No. 603, 373 Farm Labor, Demand for--Plan No. 1067, 642 Farm Made Up of City Lots--Plan No. 5, 3 Farm Makes $600.00 per Year--Plan No. 28, 16 Farm Management as a Profession--Plan No. 1103, 700 Farm Management of U. S.--Plan No. 906, 502 Farm Mechanics and Vocation--Plan No. 1236, 815 Farm, One Cow Dairy--Plan No. 8, 4 Farm, Other Farm Specialties and Trades--Plan No. 1065, 638 Farm, Eight and One Half Acres Makes $5000 a Year--Plan No. 21, 11 Farm of One Half Acre of Ground in Cucumbers--Plan No. 293, 269 Farm Ownership Possible--Plan No. 1061, 636 Farm Products Advertised--Plan No. 908, 503 Farm, Rack and Portable Ironing Board--Plan No. 818, 469 Farm, Rentals, System--Plan No. 808, 457 Farm Run by a Lawyer--Plan No. 674, 400 Farm, Serving Trays, Build and Sell--Plan No. 816, 465 Farm, Shower Bath for--Plan No. 823, 475 Farm, Fly Traps for--Plan No. 825, 481 Farm Traded by Lawyer--Plan No. 543, 347 Farm, Traveling Man Makes Orchard Pay--Plan No. 806, 455 Farm Woman Cans for City People--Plan No. 264, 232 Farm Specialties--Plan No. 1065, 638 Farm Woman Makes Apple-butter--Plan No. 419, 315 Farm, Window Screens--Plan No. 826, 483 Farm Woman Becomes Ambitious--Plan No. 737, 424 Farm Woman Handles Desiccated Vegetables--Plan No. 237, 165 Farm Woman Gas Hot-Bed for Plants--Plan No. 433, 319 Farm Woman Makes Money Out of Barn--Plan No. 28, 16 Farm Woman Markets Fruit--Plan No. 271, 235 Farmer--Plan No. 607, 376 Farmer Believes In Diversified Farming--Plan No. 770, 440 Farmer Believes that Alfalfa is Better Than Wheat--Plan No. 626, 382 Farmer Boy Believes it Wise to Learn by Experience--Plan No. 751, 431 Farmer Boy Goes to City, Sells Buttermilk--Plan No. 355, 289 Farmer Boy Makes $385.00 In Short Time from One Sow--Plan No. 757, 433 Farmer Boy Makes Good Money from Calves--Plan No. 755, 432 Farmer Boy Makes Profit from One Ewe--Plan No. 756, 432 Farmer Boy Makes Profit on One Pig--Plan No. 726, 420 Farmer Boy Profits from One Pig--Plan No. 696, 408 Farmer Boy Sells Buttermilk--Plan No. 355, 289 Farmer Boy Starts on Road to Success with Poultry--Plan No. 754, 431 Farmer Boys In Texas Make Money from Calves--Plan No. 729, 422 Farmer Climbs with Goats--Plan No. 805, 454 Farmer Cans His Product--Plan No. 264, 558, 352 Farmer Feeds All They Grow--Plan No. 761, 436 Farmer Finds Hogs Profitable--Plan No. 629, 383 Farmer Girl in Utah Accomplishes Wonders--Plan No. 727, 420 Farmer Girl Makes $98.00 From Nine Hatches--Plan No. 721, 417 Farmer Girl Makes Cow Provide for Her Music Lessons--Plan No. 730, 422 Farmer Girls and Boys Make Money on Raising Bees--Plan No. 724, 419 Farmer Girl’s Work and Results--Plan No. 322, 278 Farmer Goes to Farm on Cut-Over Land--Plan No. 777, 442 Farmer Has Corn In Winter--Plan No. 516, 339 Farmer Has Remarkable Yield from Twenty-three Acres--Plan No. 613, 378 Farmer Has to Get Customers--Plan No. 795, 450 Farmer in the West, Experience--Plan No. 772, 440 Farmer Increases Size of Fruit and Vegetables--Plan No. 547, 348 Farmer in the West Makes a Success of Poultry Before the War--Plan No. 611, 377 Farmer in the West Makes Money on Cows--Plan No. 773, 441 Farmer Keeps Hogs--Plan No. 171, 87 Farmer Likes Dairying--Plan No. 616, 379 Farmer Likes Hogs and Sheep--Plan No. 608, 376 Farmer Likes Stock--Plan No. 617, 379 Farmer Likes the West--Plan No. 628, 762, 382, 436 Farmer Likes to Live in the West--Plan No. 763, 437 Farmer, Liquid Glass--Plan No. 380, 300 Farmer Lives Near College--Plan No. 776, 442 Farmer Makes $1,000 from Poultry in One Year--Plan No. 619, 379 Farmer Makes $4,800 per Year--Plan No. 68, 36 Farmer Makes Cottage Cheese--Plan No. 291, 245, 269, 197 Farmer Makes Good Profits on 130 Acres of Wheat--Plan No. 621, 380 Farmer Makes Good Profits on Wool--Plan No. 775, 441 Farmer Makes Good Yield on Wheat and Oats--Plan No. 618, 379 Farmer Makes Harness Dressing--Plan No. 48, 27 Farmer Makes Hogs Fat--Plan No. 549, 349 Farmer Makes Improved Milk Stool--Plan No. 760, 435 Farmer Makes Money From 3 Acres of Land--Plan No. 54, 30 Farmer Makes Old Barn Pay--Plan No. 28, 16 Farmer Made Out of a Factory Hand--Plan No. 725, 419 Farmer Made Orchard and Garden Pay--Plan No. 127A, 68 Farmer Makes Profit Out of Cattle--Plan No. 768, 439 Farmer Makes Pullets Pay--Plan No. 282, 267 Farmer Makes Sheep Pay--Plan No. 615, 379 Farmer Makes Success of Cattle in the West--Plan No. 617, 379 Farmer Markets by Parcel Post--Plan No. 246, 209 Farmer, On 23 Acres--Plan No. 613, 378 Farmer Pastures Alfalfa--Plan No. 624, 382 Farmer Preserves Fruit and Jells--Plan No. 581, 364 Farmer Protected Against Fraudulent Court Action--Plan No. 759, 434 Farmer, Protection Against Fraud and Wild Cat Investments, Front of Book Farmer Profits in Horseradish, Dandelions and Cucumbers--Plan No. 284, 286, 288, 268, 269 Farmer Raises Beef Cattle, Money Velvet--Plan No. 623, 381 Farmer Raises Calves--Plan No. 68, 36 Farmer Raises Cows--Plan No. 609, 623, 773, 774, 377, 381, 441 Farmer Raises Currants--Plan No. 123, 62 Farmer Raises Ducks and Geese--Plan No. 70, 37 Farmer Raised Geese--Plan No. 262, 525, 231, 341 Farmer Raises Hogs--Plan No. 610, 629, 696 383 Farmer Raises Hogs as Side Line--Plan No. 769, 607, 610, 440, 376, 377 Farmer Raises Lettuce--Plan No. 64, 35 Farmer Raises Potted Plants--Plan No. 261, 231 Farmer Raises Sheep--Plan No. 612, 154, 615, 79, 379 Farmer Raises Sweet Potato Slips--Plan No. 117, 59 Farmer Raises Three Crops in One Season--Plan No. 622, 381 Farmer Raises Wheat--Plan No. 618, 621, 379, 380 Farmer Runs Parcel Post Exchange--Plan No. 389, 305 Farmer Saves $100 a Month for 40 Years--Plan No. 700, 409 Farmer Sells Ice Cream--Plan No. 328, 281 Farmer Sells Apples by Parcel Post--Plan No. 364, 293 Farmer Sells Roasting Ears In Winter--Plan No. 516, 339 Farmer Sells Vegetables by Parcel Post--Plan No. 54, 30 Farmer, Sells Books to--Plan No. 306, 274 Farmer Spends One Dollar and Makes $2.20 on Each Sheep--Plan No. 796, 451 Farmer Succeeds in Mining Dist.--Plan No. 374, 298 Farmer Supports Family by Home Canning--Plan No. 720, 417 Farmer Takes Care of Orchard--Plan No. 802, 453 Farmer Tries to Feed All He Grows--Plan No. 761, 436 Farmer Uses Other People’s Farms--Plan No. 693, 407 Farmer Uses Parcel Post--Plan No. 580, 363 Farmer, What He Did with Beef Cattle--Plan No. 630, 383 Farmer, What He Did With His Land--Plan No. 771, 440 Farmer, What He Should Know--Plan No. 1068, 643 Farmer Wins Success--Plan No. 788, 447 Farmer With Ten Acres--Plan No. 767, 439 Farmer Woman In the Mountains Keeps Children in School--Plan No. 722, 418 Farmer Woman, Money Making Plan--Plan No. 184, 737, 89, 424 Farmer Woman’s Way of Making Money--Plan No. 172, 88 Farmer’s Alfalfa Brings Good Returns--Plan No. 625, 382 Farmers, Blue Prints of Furniture Sold to--Plan No. 738, 425 Farmer’s Supply Bureau--Plan No. 55, 31 Farmers Use Surplus of Apples--Plan No. 304, 273 Farmer’s Way To Get Customers by Direct Selling--Plan No. 795, 450 Farmer’s Wife Cans Fruit and Vegetables--Plan No. 210, 98 Farmer’s Wife Cans Vegetables--Plan No. 294, 270 Farmer’s Wife Keeps Eggs Fresh--Plan No. 217, 100 Farmer’s Wife Looks After Bees--Plan No. 214, 99 Farmer’s Wife Makes $1.14 An Hour on Poultry--Plan No. 748, 429 Farmer’s Wife Makes Jams and Jellies--Plan No. 436, 320 Farmer’s Wife Markets Eggs, Butter and Milk--Plan No. 434, 319 Farmer’s Wife Pickles Peaches and Pears--Plan No. 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 69, 70 Farmer’s Wife Raises Chickens--Plan No. 435, 319 Farmer’s Wife Sells Citronette Cucumbers--Plan No. 293, 269 Farmer’s Wife Sells Pure Country Tomato Sauce--Plan No. 441, 321 Farming, Experiment Station--Plan No. 941, 942, 568 Farming, Extension Service--Plan No. 943, 570 Farming for Divorced Women--Plan No. 736, 424 Farming, General--Plan No. 1060, 635 Farming, Technical--Plan No. 938, 939, 940, 563, 566 Farms, Irrigated, Profits From--Plan No. 766, 439 Farms, Sell Ice Cream and Bananas to--Plan No. 328, 281 Farms, Too Large--Plan No. 727, 420 Father Learns a New Trick--Plan No. 704, 412 Feather Comforters, Made--Plan No. 448, 322 Federal Employment Office--Plan No. 902, 501 Fee Makes Good Money--Plan No. 420, 315 Ferns Put in Beautiful Baskets--Plan No. 1, 1 Fig Paste--Plan No. 333, 282 Finishers for Concrete--Plan No. 1165, 769 Finishing in Wood Working Trades--Plan No. 937, 562 Finishing, Spotting, Retouching, Mounting and Etching--Plan No. 948, 574 Fire Kindler--Plan No. 517, 339 Fire Proof, Make Clothing--Plan No. 281, 267 Fire Protection Engineering--Plan No. 916, 918, 535, 539 Fireless Cooker, Build--Plan No. 812, 460 Fireless Cooker, Home Made--Plan No. 216, 99 Fireman, Opportunity--Plan No. 836, 489 Fireman, Railroad--Plan No. 993, 598 Fish, Raise--Plan No. 398, 310 Flag Roots Preserved--Plan No. 181, 89 Flags Sold by Mail--Plan No. 110, 56 Flies Fumigation--Plan No. 503, 337 Flour Milling--Plan No. 1246, 849 Flower and Garden Seed--Plan No. 213, 99 Flower Bed Operators--Plan No. 141, 73 Flower-Bed Keep--Plan No. 429, 318 Fly Paper, Advertise on--Plan No. 363, 292 Fly Trap--Plan No. 825, 481 Folding Ironing Board--Plan No. 717, 416 Foot Powder Sold by Girl--Plan No. 535, 344 Foreign Trade, Commercial Work--Plan No. 1092, 673 Foreman, Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1216, 797 Foreman for Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1164, 768 Foreman for Concrete Road Construction--Plan No. 1177, 1173, 770, 771 Foreman on Road and Street--Plan No. 1011, 603 Foreman Train Work on Railroads--Plan No. 991, 597 Forestry Dept.--Plan No. 907, 503 Forestry Work--Plan No. 1150, 740 Form Builder, Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1167, 769 Form Setter for Concrete Roads--Plan No. 1175, 771 Foul Air Removed from Wells--Plan No. 495, 335 Foundry, Oxy-Acetylene Work--Plan No. 1148, 739 Foundry, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1036, 619 Fox Skins, Silver--Plan No. 411, 313 Frames, Knock Down--Plan No. 387, 304 Framing for Pictures--Plan No. 350, 287 Fraudulent Schemes and Wild Cat Investments Protection, Front of Book Fraudulent Court Actions, Protection--Plan No. 759, 434 Free Moving Pictures for Children--Plan No. 111, 57 Freight Brakeman for Railroad--Plan No. 994, 598 Fresh Roasted Coffee--Plan No. 74, 39 Fruit and Jellies Preserved--Plan No. 581, 364 Fruit and Shade Trees Spray--Plan No. 24, 13 Fruit and Water for Golf Players--Plan No. 794, 450 Fruit Cake Baking--Plan No. 29, 16 Fruit Lands Irrigated--Plan No. 764, 437 Fruits and Nuts Crystalized--Plan No. 404, 311 Fruits and Vegetables Increased Size--Plan No. 547, 348 Fruits Preserved and Marketed--Plan No. 271, 235 Fruits, Surplus Use--Plan No. 304, 364, 273, 293 Furniture Blocks--Plan No. 815, 465 Furniture, Blue Prints of, Sold to Farmers--Plan No. 738, 425 Furniture, Club Plan--Plan No. 357, 290 Furniture Polish, Make and Sell--Plan No. 520, 340 Furniture Repairer and Refinisher Method--Plan No. 523, 341 Furniture Upholstered and Repaired--Plan No. 532, 344
G
Galvanized Shop, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1039, 620 Garage Division--Plan No. 842, 491 Garden for Medical Products--Plan No. 313, 409, 313, 276 Garden Management--Plan No. 266, 233 Garden of Boy--Plan No. 703, 412 Garden Paths, Wealth from--Plan No. 765, 438 Garden Products--Plan No. 21, 790, 11, 449 Garden Raised 31 Kinds of Vegetables--Plan No. 705, 412 Garden Raised Rhubarb--Plan No. 317, 277 Garden, Paid--Plan No. 703, 412 Garden Work by Girl Nearly Blind--Plan No. 706, 413 Garden Work, Party Earns $0.80 an Hour--Plan No. 750, 430 Gardener Learns New Trick--Plan No. 704, 412 Gardener, Opportunity for--Plan No. 620, 622, 860, 493, 380, 381 Gardens, Boss Other People’s--Plan No. 266, 233 Gardens in City--Plan No. 583, 280, 705, 238, 412 Gardens for Diabetics--Plan No. 539, 345 Garment Trades as a Vocation--Plan No. 1238, 836 Gas Mantles Made to Pay--Plan No. 450, 322 Gather Old Magazines and Sell--Plan No. 432, 319 Geese on the Farm, Raised--Plan No. 525, 341 Geese, Money Made From--Plan No. 262, 525, 232, 341 Geese, Raised--Plan No. 70, 37 General Farming--Plan No. 1060, 635 Gift Shop Opens--Plan No. 51, 28 Gingham Shop Started--Plan No. 11, 5 Girl at College Makes Spats--Plan No. 15, 7 Girl Does Typewriting at Home--Plan No. 41, 24 Girl from Country Earns Way Through High School--Plan No. 733, 423 Girl Handles Starch Enamel--Plan No. 538, 345 Girl in Country Works--Plan No. 322, 278 Girl Makes $1 a Day at Golf--Plan No. 794, 450 Girl Makes $98.00 from Nine Hatches--Plan No. 721, 417 Girl Makes Success of Garden--Plan No. 704, 412 Girl Makes Success in Poultry Raising--Plan No. 723, 418 Girl Makes Syrup--Plan No. 697, 408 Girl Makes Table Favors and Decorations--Plan No. 783, 444 Girl Nearly Blind, Accomplished--Plan No. 706, 413 Girl Obtains Music Lessons from Cow--Plan No. 730, 422 Girl Professional Hostess--Plan No. 2, 1 Girl Raises Pansies--Plan No. 414, 314 Girl Raises Sheep--Plan No. 749, 429 Girl Sells Foot Powder--Plan No. 535, 344 Girl Sells Hair Dye--Plan No. 536, 344 Girl Sells Insect Powder--Plan No. 537, 345 Girl Sells On Golf Course--Plan No. 794, 450 Girl Typewrites for Authors--Plan No. 59, 28 Girl Who Lives in Utah Accomplishes--Plan No. 727, 420 Girl Wins Poultry Record in the South--Plan No. 753, 431 Girl Works Her Way Through College--Plan No. 67, 36 Girls and Boys Make Profits in Bees--Plan No. 724, 419 Girls Can Go to High School from the Farm--Plan No. 829, 486 Girls, Cooking School for--Plan No. 274, 237 Girls for Maids--Plan No. 859, 493 Girls Herd Their Own Sheep--Plan No. 749, 429 Girls Make Money in Raising Bees--Plan No. 724, 419 Girls Make Spats--Plan No. 15, 7 Girls Raise Chickens in South--Plan No. 747, 429 Girl’s Sewing School--Plan No. 275, 237 Glass Polishing Paste--Plan No. 137, 71 Gloves of Canvas, Makes--Plan No. 14, 6 Goats, Climbing with--Plan No. 805, 454 Gold Fish Raised--Plan No. 398, 310 Gold Working In, Jewelry Trade--Plan No. 959, 578 Golf Makes $1 per Day--Plan No. 794, 450 Governor, Opportunity--Plan No. 874, 495 Governor, Publications, Condense--Plan No. 554, 351 Grain Supervisor--Plan No. 217, 100 Grasshoppers Turn into Chicken Feed for Winter--Plan No. 59, 32 Grease Eradicating Tablets--Plan No. 325, 280 Grease and Oil Remover--Plan No. 120, 60 Grocer Makes Maple Syrup--Plan No. 145, 74 Grocery Business Made a Success--Plan No. 298, 271 Grocery Store $0.05 and $0.10--Plan No. 38, 22 Grocery, Traveling--Plan No. 300, 271 Growing Mushrooms in Cellar--Plan No. 91, 47 Guinea Fowls, How to Raise--Plan No. 256, 219
H
Had Success with 52-Acre Orchard--Plan No. 802, 453 Hair Chains Made--Plan No. 359, 291 Hair Dressers (Women), Opportunity for--Plan No. 859, 493 Hair Dressing As a Profession--Plan No. 138, 71 Hair Dressing Done by Woman--Plan No. 224, 146 Hair Dye Sold by Girl--Plan No. 536, 344 Hair, Taught Care of--Plan No. 47, 27 Hair Tonic, How to Put up in Bottles--Plan No. 457, 325 Hand Laundry Made Pay--Plan No. 189, 90 Hand Press and Amateur Printing--Plan No. 253, 219 Handkerchiefs, Collars and Cuffs Make--Plan No. 186, 89 Handkerchiefs, Sanitary--Plan No. 388, 305 Harness Maker and Saddle Maker--Plan No. 1058, 634 Harness Dressing Made--Plan No. 48, 27 Hats Tailored--Plan No. 232, 164 Hay and Grain Inspector--Plan No. 899, 501 Health Division Opportunities In--Plan No. 830, 487 Heating and Lighting--Plan No. 857, 493 Hen House Fumigation Strip--Plan No. 382, 302 Hens, Fourteen, Do Well--Plan No. 614, 378 Hens Made to Lay in Winter--Plan No. 59, 32 Hens Made to Lay the Year Round--Plan No. 244, 197 Hickory Nuts Sell--Plan No. 230, 164 High School Boy Earns Way--Plan No. 676, 401 High School Country Girl Earns Way--Plan No. 733, 423 High School Expenses, Way Boy Pays--Plan No. 743, 427 High School, Paid His Way Through--Plan No. 744, 427 History of a Church Written--Plan No. 201, 95 History of College Class, Pays College Expenses--Plan No. 663, 395 Hogs Are Money Makers--Plan No. 610, 377 Hogs as a Side Line--Plan No. 769, 440 Hogs, a Success, Boy--Plan No. 752, 431 Hogs, He Found Very Profitable--Plan No. 629, 383 Hogs and Sheep a Success--Plan No. 608, 376 Home Built on $40 a Month--Plan No. 699, 409 Home Demonstration Agent for Government--Plan No. 907, 503 Home Industries Boost--Plan No. 423, 316 Home Industry Page--Plan No. 465, 329 Home Lunch Delivery--Plan No. 25, 14 Home Made Christmas Gifts--Plan No. 142, 74 Home Made Lace--Plan No. 143, 74 Home Made Christmas Candy--Plan No. 173, 88 Home Made Peanut Crisp--Plan No. 103, 54 Home Photography--Plan No. 954, 575 Home Made Stick Candy--Plan No. 100, 53 Home Messenger Service--Plan No. 85, 45 Home Purchased--Plan No. 458, 326 Home Paid for by Doughnuts--Plan No. 740, 426 Home Scenes on Calendars--Plan No. 407, 312 Home Store Started--Plan No. 140, 73 Home Work That Pays--Plan No. 108, 55 Horsemen, Drivers and Pikemen--Plan No. 835, 489 Horseradish Profitable--Plan No. 284, 268 Horticulture on the Farm--Plan No. 1062, 637 Hospital Started in Small Town--Plan No. 77, 40 Hostess, Professional--Plan No. 2, 1 Hot-Beds for Plants--Plan No. 433, 319 Hotel Business Doubled--Plan No. 97, 51 House Clean Outside--Plan No. 362, 292 House Cleaning and Washing Windows--Plan No. 702, 411 House Numbers Supplied--Plan No. 346, 286 House Repairing--Plan No. 338, 283 Household Goods--Plan No. 357, 290 Housekeeper, Opportunity--Plan No. 830, 487 Houses, Built and Sold--Plan No. 301, 272 Houses Made Over--Plan No. 81, 42 Huckleberry Pie, Sale of--Plan No. 273, 236 Hydraulic Engineer--How He Became--Plan No. 83, 44
I
Iceless Refrigerator--Plan No. 378, 299 Iceless Refrigerator, Build and Sell--Plan No. 716, 817, 819, 467, 415, 469 Ignition Service--Plan No. 1153, 759 Illustrator for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Immigration Officer--Plan No. 890, 499 Ink Powder--Plan No. 472, 473, 474, 475, 331, 332 Ink That Stands All Tests--Plan No. 375, 298 Inkless Pen--Plan No. 27, 15 Inks and Mucilage, Makes--Plan No. 190, 90 Information Bureau--Plan No. 670, 399 Information Concerning City Property--Plan No. 582, 364 Information in City Used by Lawyer--Plan No. 735, 424 Insect Powder Handled by Girl--Plan No. 537, 345 Inside and Outside Work, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1049, 623 Inspection and Repair, Electrical Manufacturing--Plan No. 1077, 655 Inspection for Concrete Work--Plan No. 1157, 765 Inspection, Electrical, Maintenance--Plan No. 1198, 785 Inspection of Automobiles--Plan No. 37, 22 Inspection Repair, Electrical--Plan No. 1077, 1200, 655, 786 Inspector for Concrete Work--Plan No. 1171, 770 Inspector for Railroads--Plan No. 986, 595 Inspectors, Locomotives--Plan No. 895, 500 Installation Section, Telephone Co.--Plan No. 1230, 801 Instructing Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1215, 797 Insurance Commissioner for State--Plan No. 881, 496 Insurance for Watches--Plan No. 95, 50 Insurance Law, Lawyer Specializes--Plan No. 651, 389 Insurance Sale Puts Him Through College--Plan No. 597, 371 Internal Revenue Agent--Plan No. 891, 499 Internal Revenue Collector--Plan No. 892, 499 Ironing Board, Build and Sell--Plan No. 817, 818, 467, 469 Ironing Board, Make and Sell--Plan No. 717, 416 Irrigated Farms, Profit From--Plan No. 766, 439 Irrigated Fruit Lands--Plan Nos. 764, 766, 767, 437, 439 Isolation Hospital Nurse, Becomes--Plan No. 672, 399
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Jams and Jellies Made by Farmer’s Wife--Plan No. 436, 320 Janitors, Opportunity--Plan No. 831, 488 Janitors, Opportunity for--Plan No. 858, 493 Jellies Preserved--Plan No. 581, 364 Jewelry Trade, Area of Employment--Plan No. 960, 579 Jewelry Trade, Opportunities--Plan No. 957, 577 Jewelry Trade, Working in Gold--Plan No. 959, 578 Jewelry Trade, Working in Platinum--Plan No. 958, 577 Jobs, 225 in Number, Listed--Plan No. 913, 512 Joiner Shop, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1034, 619 Journalism, Opportunity In--Plan No. 909, 504 Judge, How a Lawyer May Become--Plan No. 633, 384 Judge, Federal--Plan No. 905, 502 Judges of the Superior Court--Plan No. 852, 492 Judgments, Old, Looked Up--Plan No. 529, 342 Judiciary Division--Plan No. 850, 492 Justice of the Peace, He Ran for--Plan No. 686, 404 Justices of the Peace--Plan No. 853, 493 Juvenile Court--Plan No. 867, 494
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Kitchen Cabinet, Build--Plan No. 811, 458 Kitchen List on Cardboard--Plan No. 279, 237 Kitchen Work Eliminated--Plan No. 17, 8
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Labor Agent Division--Plan No. 833, 488 Labor as Bench Hands in Metal Works--Plan No. 924, 549 Labor as Logging--Plan No. 913, 512 Labor as Molders--Plan No. 920, 544 Labor, Great Demand for on Farm--Plan No. 1067, 642 Labor in the Forest--Plan No. 1149, 739 Labor in the Metal Trades--Plan No. 919, 543 Labor Machine Operator in Metal Works--Plan No. 923, 547 Laborer as Machine Carpentering and Wood Working Trades--Plan No. 928, 555 Laborer Earns Way Through College--Plan No. 595, 371 Laborers as Assemblers and Erectors In Metal Trade--Plan No. 925, 550 Laborers, Factory Workers, Sheet Metal--Plan No. 922, 547 Laborers for Night--Plan No. 834, 488 Laborers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 489 Laborers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 491 Laborer’s Opportunity--Plan No. 843, 491 Lace, Home Made--Plan No. 143, 74 Lady Makes Bath Rugs--Plan No. 72, 38 Lake Resort Run Amusements--Plan No. 745, 428 Land Office for Government--Plan No. 903, 502 Landscape Artist, Assists Architect--Plan No. 272, 236 Landscape and Architectural Photography--Plan No. 949, 574 Landscape, Designer--Plan No. 217, 100 Landscape Gardener Sells Dandelion Destroyer--Plan No. 447, 321 Landscaping, City Lots--Plan No. 265, 233 Lasting, Shoes--Plan No. 1055, 632 Laundering Lingerie--Plan No. 222, 145 Laundry Agency Helps Man at College--Plan No. 75, 39 Laundry Made Pay--Plan No. 189, 90 Laundry Plan That Paid--Plan No. 689, 405 Laundry, Worker--Plan No. 870, 494 Law as a Profession--Plan No. 1183, 773 Law Books Paid His Way Through College--Plan No. 779, 442 Law, the Practice of, A Good Way to Start--Plan No. 785, 445 Lawn Mowed by Woman--Plan No. 5, 3 Lawn Mowers Repaired--Plan No. 26, 267, 15, 234 Lawyer Attends to Business--Plan No. 369, 295 Lawyer Becomes Chief Justice--Plan No. 637, 387 Lawyer Becomes Court Clerk--Plan No. 653, 390 Lawyer Becomes Counsel for City--Plan No. 636, 386 Lawyer Becomes Counsel for Railroads--Plan No. 679, 402 Lawyer Becomes a Judge--Plan No. 633, 384 Lawyer Becomes Lawyer’s Lawyer--Plan No. 654, 391 Lawyer Became Mayor of City--Plan No. 634, 385 Lawyer Became a Patent Attorney--Plan No. 786, 446 Lawyer Becomes Police Judge--Plan No. 683, 403 Lawyer Becomes Special Counsel for City--Plan No. 636, 386 Lawyer Becomes State Representative--Plan No. 682, 403 Lawyer Becomes Trial Expert--Plan No. 652, 389 Lawyer’s Briefs--Plan No. 156, 80 Lawyer Builds Practice on Collection--Plan No. 671, 399 Lawyer Farms and Practices Law--Plan No. 467, 330 Lawyer Fee Turned into Good Investment--Plan No. 420, 315 Lawyer Gets on School Board--Plan No. 677, 402 Lawyer, He Wanted to Be--Plan No. 678, 402 Lawyer Keeps Records--Plan No. 604, 374 Lawyer Looks Up Old Judgments--Plan No. 529, 342 Lawyer Makes Municipal Law a Specialty--Plan No. 657, 392 Lawyer Makes a Success in a Large City--Plan No. 658, 393 Lawyer Makes Old Houses Over--Plan No. 81, 42 Lawyer Makes Municipal Collections--Plan No. 30, 17 Lawyer Occupies Highest Judicial Office in the Philippine Islands--Plan No. 637, 387 Lawyer, Opportunity with U. S., for--Plan Nos. 879, 888, 496, 499 Lawyers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 847, 492 Lawyers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 865, 494 Lawyer Prepares Briefs for Lawyers--Plan No. 31, 18 Lawyer Prepares Legal Forms--Plan No. 541, 346 Lawyer Receives Equities for Fees--Plan No. 420, 315 Lawyer Represents Extreme Political Party--Plan No. 673, 400 Lawyer Runs Farm--Plan No. 674, 400 Lawyer In Small Town--Plan No. 656, 392 Lawyer Saves Typewriting Expense--Plan No. 605, 375 Lawyer Sells Law Books--Plan No. 606, 376 Lawyer Specializes on Insurance Law--Plan No. 651, 389 Lawyer Trades for Eighty Acre Farm--Plan No. 543, 347 Lawyer Uses Information Bureaus In City--Plan No. 735, 424 Lawyer Visits His Brother Attorneys--Plan No. 782, 444 Lawyer, Way to Start Practice--Plan No. 785, 445 Lawyer Writes for Newspaper--Plan No. 659, 393 Leaders in Agricultural Work--Plan No. 943, 571 Leather Industry, Other Skilled Occupations--Plan No. 1051, 627 Leather Making Trades. Operators Who Sew Together Different Parts of Shoes--Plan No. 1053, 630 Leather Trades, Skillful Cutters--Plan No. 1054, 631 Leather Trade, Shoe Lasting--Plan No. 1055, 632 Leather Trade, Shoe Making--Plan No. 1051, 628 Leather Trade Workers--Plan No. 1052, 630 Leather Working Trades of Different Kinds--Plan No. 1057, 634 Lectures Prepared and Sold at College--Plan No. 584, 367 Legal Division--Plan No. 847, 492 Legal Forms Prepared by Lawyer--Plan No. 541, 346 Lemonade Stand Run by Boy--Plan No. 480, 333 Lettering Compound--Plan No. 218, 121 Letters Written for Business Men--Plan No. 9, 4 Lettuce Growing, $100,000 per Annum--Plan No. 64, 35 Library Circulating Music--Plan No. 386, 304 Library for Magazines--Plan No. 157, 81 Libraries Circulating in Small Town--Plan No. 259, 230 Lieutenant Governor--Plan No. 875, 495 Life Insurance Salesmanship--Plan No. 1095, 677 Light and Power Company, Electrical--Plan No. 1204, 791 Lime Sold by Mail--Plan No. 383, 302 Line Dept., Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1217, 798 Line and Instrument Repair Man--Plan No. 1227, 801 Line Construction, Light, and Power Companies--Plan No. 1205, 792 Lingerie Laundering by Woman--Plan No. 222, 145 Liquid Glass--Plan No. 380, 300 List of Names for Advertisers--Plan No. 36, 21 List of Names, Sell--Plan No. 61, 34 List for the Kitchen on Card Board--Plan No. 279, 237 Local Views for Calendar--Plan No. 252, 218 Locomotive Inspector--Plan No. 895, 500 Logging, Possibilities in--Plan No. 910, 913, 509, 512 Long Distance Phone Gets Business for Newspaper--Plan No. 360, 291 Lookout, Ocean Transportation--Plan No. 1023, 609 Lot, Back of, Money From--Plan No. 790, 449 Lots Kept Clean--Plan No. 5, 3 Lumber Industry, 509 Lunch, Chafing Annex--Plan No. 403, 311 Lunch Club Starts--Plan No. 169, 86 Lunch Delivery from Home--Plan No. 25, 14 Lunch, Hot Soup for Business Girls--Plan No. 302, 272 Lunch, A Novel Way--Plan No. 269, 234 Lunches for Factory Workers--Plan No. 122, 61 Lunches Hot for Business Girls--Plan No. 302, 272 Lunches, Put Out, Small Ones--Plan No. 268, 234 Luncheons for School Children--Plan No. 236, 165 Luncheons for Shoppers--Plan No. 466, 329 Lunch Room in Old Street Car--Plan No. 270, 235
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Machine Carpentering In Factory, Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 928, 555 Machine Shop, Navy Yards--Plan No. 1030, 617 Machine Operators for Concrete Production--Plan No. 1178, 771 Machine Operating in Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 934, 559 Machinist in Metal Trade--Plan No. 923, 547 Machinist, Shop Work on Railroad--Plan No. 981, 593 Made and Sold Shoes--Plan No. 456, 325 Made $40 a Month and Built Home--Plan No. 699, 409 Making Cozy Corners--Plan No. 155, 79 Making Old House Over--Plan No. 81, 42 Making Orchard and Garden Pay--Plan No. 127A, 68 Magazines, Circulating Library--Plan No. 157, 81 Magazines Collected By Boy--Plan No. 482, 333 Magazines, Old Numbers, Gather and Sell--Plan No. 432, 319 Magazines, Pictorial--Plan No. 575, 362 Magazine Subscription Agency--Plan No. 195, 92 Magazine Subscription Agent, Run by Mail--Plan No. 348, 286 Mailing Bureau--Plan No. 278, 237 Mail Carriers--Plan No. 217, 100 Mall Order Selling--Plan No. 452, 572, 350, 360 Memorials, Way to Sell--Plan No. 260, 231 Man Disabled, 5000 Positions, In Life Insurance Salesmanship-- Plan No. 1096, 679 Man Gets Out Political Manual--Plan No. 22, 12 Man, Protection Against Fraudulent Schemes and Wild Cat Investments-- Front of Book Man Sells to School Pencil Sharpening Machine--Plan No. 20, 10 Man Sells Wife’s Baking--Plan No. 19, 9 Man Shopper--Plan No. 62, 34 Man Starts Children’s Five Cent Play Ground--Plan No. 16, 7 Man Writes Business Letters--Plan No. 9, 4 Manager for Concrete Production--Plan No. 1176, 771 Manager for Taxicab Co--Plan No. 1010, 602 Manager for Transportation on Road and Streets--Plan No. 1010, 977, 602, 591 Management of City Gardens--Plan No. 266, 233 Management of Employment--Plan No. 914, 522 Management of Social Functions--Plan No. 43, 25 Manicuring in a Small Town--Plan No. 223, 145 Manuscripts Revised--Plan No. 563, 354 Manuscript Written by Stenographer--Plan No. 50, 28 Manufacturing of Other Articles in Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 931, 557 Manufacturing Page, Advertising for Newspaper--Plan No. 675, 401 Maple Cream Candy--Plan No. 102, 53 Maple Syrup, Artificial--Plan No. 145, 74 Market, Bureau of--Plan No. 898, 500 Market, Fruit--Plan No. 271, 235 Market Improved by Woman--Plan No. 314, 276 Marketing by Parcel Post--Plan No. 246, 434, 209, 319 Marketing, Surplus--Plan No. 463, 328 Marketing, Preparation--Plan No. 167, 85 Marketing Eggs, Parcel Post--Plan No. 225, 146 Marshal for U. S.--Plan No. 887, 499 Massage Cream, Selling Plan--Plan No. 461, 327 Master of Ship--Plan No. 1016, 605 Mate, Chief--Plan No. 1017, 606 Mate, Second on Ship--Plan No. 101, 606 Mayor, Secretary to--Plan No. 631, 383 Meat Inspector--Plan No. 830, 487 Machine Operator, Cement--Plan No. 1178, 771 Mechanics--Plan No. 834, 488 Mechanic’s Opportunity--Plan No. 843, 491 Mechanics, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 981, 982, 491, 593, 594 Mechanics, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 489 Mechanical Dept. Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1211, 795 Medical Garden--Plan No. 409, 313 Medical Vegetable Garden--Plan No. 313, 276 Medicine, the Practice of, Opportunity--Plan No. 915, 531 Memorials, New Way to Sell--Plan No. 260, 231 Memory, How to Increase--Plan No. 573, 360 Men Teachers Needed--Plan No. 1102, 693 Men’s Apparel, Advisor--Plan No. 556, 351 Mending Shop Run--Plan No. 158, 88, 81, 46 Merchant Marine Crews vs. Naval--Plan No. 1014, 605 Merchant Night Watchman--Plan No. 69, 37 Merchant Runs Co-operative Store--Plan No. 76, 40 Merchants in Country Town Bought Out--Plan No. 732, 422 Merchants in Country Buy Electrotypes--Plan No. 119, 60 Merchants Give Discounts in Form of Motion Pictures--Plan No. 116, 59 Merchants Plan to Interest Farmers--Plan No. 306, 274 Merchants Use Coupons to Aid Sales--Plan No. 52, 29 Master Mechanic on R. R.--Plan No. 979, 593 Messenger Service at Home--Plan No. 85, 45 Metal Plate, Oxy-Acetylene Work--Plan No. 1148, 739 Metal Trades--Plan No. 919, 543 Metallic Furniture, Oxy-Acetylene--Plan No. 1146, 739 Milk Condensed--Plan No. 206, 97 Milk Diet--Plan No. 127, 66 Milk, Market--Plan No. 434, 319 Milker, Opportunity for--Plan No. 871, 495 Milking Stool, Improved--Plan No. 760, 435 Mines, Photograph--Plan No. 578, 363 Mint Culture--Plan No. 6, 3 Mittens, Thumbless, Made for Children--Plan No. 231, 164 Mixer Operator for Concrete Work--Plan No. 1166, 769 Mixer, Operator, Finisher, Reinforcing Places for Concrete Road Construction--Plan No. 1174, 770 Modeler, Concrete Work--Plan No. 1179, 772 Mold Loft, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1042, 620 Molders for Concrete Production--Plan No. 1177, 771 Molders--Plan No. 920, 544 Money, Makes Handkerchiefs, Collars, Cuffs, Etc.--Plan No. 186, 89 Mop, Dustless--Plan No. 714, 415 Motion Picture Photography--Plan No. 953, 575 Motion Picture Theatre--Plan No. 79, 41 Motion Picture Tickets Free--Plan No. 116, 59 Motion Picture Tickets Free to Children--Plan No. 111, 57 Motion Pictures in Small Churches--Plan No. 402, 311 Motorman for Electric Railway--Plan No. 1005, 600 Moving Picture Program--Plan No. 84, 44 Mucilage and Inks, Makes--Plan No. 190, 90 Municipal Collections by Lawyer--Plan No. 30, 17 Municipal Law a Specialty--Plan No. 657, 392 Musical Circulating Library--Plan No. 386, 304 Musical Composers Assist--Plan No. 249, 217 Musical Education--Plan No. 396, 308 Musical Piano Keys--Plan No. 438, 320 Mushroom Growing--Plan No. 235, 165 Mushroom Growing in Cellar--Plan No. 91, 47
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Nails That Are Brittle, Remedy--Plan No. 498, 336 Names, Collecting and Sell--Plan No. 277, 237 Names for Advertisers--Plan No. 36, 21 Names, Sold in Lists--Plan No. 61, 34 Naval vs. Merchant Marine--Plan No. 1015, 605 Naval Yards Occupations--Plan Nos. 1026, 1048, 1049, 610, 622, 623 Naval Yards, Blacksmith Shop--Plan No. 1032, 618 Navy Yards, Boiler Shop--Plan No. 1031, 618 Naval Yards, Calking--Plan No. 1044, 621 Naval Yards, Condition of Work--Plan No. 1048, 622 Naval Yards, Copper Shop--Plan No. 1037, 619 Naval Yards, Classes of Workers Employed--Plan No. 1050, 624 Naval Yards, Cutting Steel Frames and Plates--Plan No. 1043, 621 Navy Yards, Drawing Room--Plan No. 1028, 617 Naval Yards, Drilling--Plan No. 1044, 621 Naval Yards, Electrical Dept.--Plan No. 1040, 620 Naval Yards--Plan No. 1036, 619 Naval Yards, Galvanized Shop--Plan No. 1039, 620 Naval Yards, Inside and Outside Work--Plan No. 1049, 623 Naval Yards, Joiner Shop--Plan No. 1034, 619 Naval Yards, Mold Loft--Plan No. 1042, 620 Navy Yards, Machine Shop--Plan No. 1030, 617 Naval Yards, Office Work--Plan No. 1047, 622 Naval Yards, Pattern Shop--Plan No. 1033, 618 Navy Yards, Power Plant--Plan No. 1029, 617 Naval Yards, Pipe Shop--Plan No. 1035, 619 Naval Yards, Reaming--Plan No. 1044, 621 Naval Yards, Rigging Loft--Plan No. 1041, 620 Naval Yards, Riveting--Plan No. 1044, 621 Naval Yards, Schedule of Daily Wages and Naval Stations--Plan No. 1051, 626 Naval Yards, Shaping and Bonding Plates--Plan No. 1043, 621 Naval Yards, Sheet Metal Shop--Plan No. 1038, 619 Naval Yards, Ship Fitting--Plan No. 1045, 621 Naval Yards, Shipping and Calking--Plan No. 1044, 621 Naval Yards, Supply Dept.--Plan No. 1046, 622 Newspaper and Real Estate--Plan No. 603, 373 Newspaper Correspondence--Plan No. 191, 91 Newspaper in Country Town Gets Advertisements for--Plan No. 238, 166 Newspaper in Country Advertising--Plan No. 66, 36 Newspaper Man Briefs the Law Briefs--Plan No. 156, 80 Newspaper Man Clips Personals--Plan No. 33, 20 Newspaper Man Makes Extra Money by Long Dist. Phone--Plan No. 356, 289 Newspaper Man Obtains Business by Telegraph--Plan No. 360, 291 Newspaper Man’s Plan--Plan No. 207, 680, 97, 402 Newspaper Man Writes Church History--Plan No. 201, 95 Newspaper Owner Obtains Business When Sick--Plan No. 360, 291 Newspaper Reporter Runs Social Register--Plan No. 326, 280 Newspaper Represent--Plan No. 702B, 411 Newspaper Runs Home Industry Page--Plan No. 465, 329 Newspaper Runs Library Column--Plan No. 263, 232 Newspaper for Churches--Plan No. 98, 51 Newspaper Runs Paid Reading Matter--Plan No. 4, 2 Newspaper and Sale of Farm Lands, Makes Success--Plan No. 603, 373 Newspaper Supports Home Industries--Plan No. 423, 316 Newspaper Work, Future in--Plan No. 909, 504 Newspaper Work, Opportunity in-Plan No. 909, 504 Newspaper in the Country, Represent--Plan No. 430, 318 News Depot Open--Plan No. 353, 289 New Way to Sell Sheet Music--Plan No. 44, 25 Night Watchman, Opportunity--Plan No. 69, 37 Notion Store at Home--Plan No. 290, 269 Numbers on Houses Supplied--Plan No. 346, 286 Nurse for Isolation Hospital--Plan No. 672, 399 Nurse for Diabetics--Plan No. 568, 357 Nurse, Opportunity for--Plan No. 870, 494 Nurses’ Bureau--Plan No. 148, 76 Nurses, Opportunity for--Plan No. 859, 493 Nut Candy Good--Plan No. 332, 282 Nut Crystallized--Plan No. 404, 311 Nut Meats, Dealing in--Plan No. 168, 86 Nuts, Sell--Plan No. 230, 164 Nuts, Shell and Sell--Plan No. 405, 312
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Occupations in Automobile Industry--Plan No. 1104, 707 Occupations, Commercial--Plan No. 1082, 658 Occupations in Electrical Manufacturing Industries--Plan No. 1069, 648 Occupations in Navy Yard--Plan No. 1026, 610 Occupations, Other, on Railway--Plan No. 1007, 601 Ocean Transportation--Plan No. 1012, 604 Ocean Transportation, Able Seaman--Plan No. 1022, 607 Ocean Transportation, Boatswain--Plan No. 1021, 606 Ocean Transportation, Chief Engineer and Assistant--Plan No. 1029, 606 Ocean Transportation, Chief Mate--Plan No. 1017, 605 Ocean Transportation, Chief Steward--Plan No. 1025, 610 Ocean Transportation, Crew and Duties--Plan No. 1014, 605 Ocean Transportation, Lookout--Plan No. 1023, 609 Ocean Transportation, Manager and Captain--Plan No. 1016, 605 Ocean Transportation, Navy vs. Merchant Marine--Plan No. 1015, 605 Ocean Transportation, Purser Position for Disabled Men--Plan No. 1024, 609 Ocean Transportation, Second Mate--Plan No. 1018, 606 Ocean Transportation, Watch Officer--Plan No. 1019, 606 Odd Jobs Done by Boy--Plan No. 481, 333 Office and Clerical Work on Railroads--Plan No. 964, 583 Office Boys’ Training School--Plan No. 384, 303 Office in City, Desk Room--Plan No. 113, 57 Office Management, Commercial Work, Common--Plan No. 1097, 680 Office Work for Railroads--Plan No. 975, 589 Office Work, Navy Yards--Plan No. 1047, 622 Offices, Supplies Towels for--Plan No. 45, 25 Old Houses Made Over--Plan No. 81, 42 Old Man Stores Screens--Plan No. 39, 23 One Ewe Gives Boy Profit--Plan No. 756, 432 One Cow Dairy--Plan No. 8, 4 Operating, Garment--Plan No. 1242, 839 Operators Who Sew Different Parts of Shoe--Plan No. 1053, 630 Operators Who Skilfully Cut Leathers--Plan No. 1054, 631 Operator of Motion Pictures Starts Business in Small Town Churches--Plan No. 402, 311 Optometry, Opportunity in--Plan No. 926, 551 Orchard and Garden Made to Pay--Plan No. 127(A), 68 Orchard Bird Bath--Plan No. 567, 356 Orchard, Fifty-two Acres In Michigan--Plan No. 802, 453 Orchard Neglected, Pays Profits--Plan No. 806, 455 Orchardist, Increased Size of Fruits and Vegetables--Plan No. 547, 348 Orchardist, Spray Fruit Trees--Plan No. 24, 13 Orders Pay Way Through College--Plan No. 592, 370 Organizer for Community--Plan No. 217, 100 Own Town, He Worked for--Plan No. 464, 328 Oxy-Acetylene Welding--Plan No. 1139, 732 Oxy-Acetylene Work--Plan No. 1139, 1141, 732, 737 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Automobile Industry--Plan No. 1143, 738 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Containers--Plan No. 1147, 739 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Electric Railways--Plan No. 1141, 737 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Foundries--Plan No. 1149, 739 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Metallic Furniture--Plan No. 1146, 739 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Metal Plates--Plan No. 1148, 739 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Pipe and Main--Plan No. 1144, 738 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Steam Railways--Plan No. 1140, 737 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Sheet Metal--Plan No. 1145, 739 Oxy-Acetylene Work, Shipbuilding--Plan No. 1142, 738
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Paid Reading Matter for Newspapers--Plan No. 4, 2 Paint Screens During Winter--Plan No. 39, 23 Painter Paints Auto In Winter-Plan No. 591, 369 Painting of China and Sausage Making--Plan No. 365, 294 Palmistry by Mail--Plan No. 165, 84 Pansies Raise and Sell--Plan No. 414, 314 Paper Covers Put Man Through College--Plan No. 227, 163 Paper for the Church, How to Run--Plan No. 98, 51 Parcel Post Exchange--Plan No. 389, 305 Parcel Post Sells Apples--Plan No. 364, 580, 363, 293 Parcel Post Sells Butter and Cheese--Plan No. 246, 209 Parcel Post Sells Cigars--Plan No. 309, 275 Parcel Post Used to Sell on Installment--Plan No. 31, 275 Parlor Magic--Plan No. 478, 333 Patent Attorney Gives Work to Engineer and Draftsman--Plan No. 784, 445 Patent Attorney, How to Become--Plan No. 786, 446 Patent Insight, Special Directory--Plan No. 422, 316 Patrolman In Small Town--Plan No. 69, 37 Pattern Copied on Cloth--Plan No. 519, 340 Pattern Makers for Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1180, 772 Pattern Shop, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1033, 618 Patterns; for Stockings Made--Plan No. 316, 277 Pay Their Way Through College--Plan No. 598, 371 Peanut Vending Machine--Plan No. 427, 318 Peanuts Salted Made a Success--Plan No. 367, 294 Peas, Sweet, Raised--Plan No. 289, 268 Pen. Inkless. Manufacture--Plan No. 27, 15 Pencil Sharpening Machine Free--Plan No. 20, 10 People Introduced Through the Newspaper--Plan No. 669, 398 Peppermint Creams--Plan No. 330, 282 Perfume for Sick Room--Plan No. 296, 270 Perspiration Eradicator--Plan No. 506, 338 Photo Engraving and Three Color Work--Plan No. 955, 575 Photographing Animals for Sale--Plan No. 99, 52 Photographs, Develop and Print--Plan No. 292, 269 Photographs, Read Characters From--Plan No. 327, 281 Photographs, Sell at 39 cents per Dozen--Plan No. 73, 38 Photography, Air Brush Work--Plan No. 945, 573 Photography, Amateur Finishing--Plan No. 951, 574 Photography as a Vocation, 573 Photography, Bromide Paintings--Plan No. 946, 573 Photography, Children--Plan No. 46, 553, 26, 350 Photography, Commercial--Plan No. 947, 573 Photography, Copying. Coloring Photographs, Lantern Slides and Etc.,--Plan No. 948, 574 Photography for the Press--Plan No. 950, 574 Photography. Landscape and Architectural Photography--Plan No. 949, 574 Photography, Making Home Portraits--Plan No. 952, 574 Photography. Mines--Plan No. 578, 363 Photography, Motion Pictures--Plan No. 953, 575 Photography, Photo Engraving and Three Color Work--Plan No. 955, 575 Photography. Question to Ask--Plan No. 956, 576 Photography. Portrait--Plan No. 954, 575 Photography with Stereo-Camera--Plan No. 57, 32 Physician Has Hospital In Town--Plan No. 77, 40 Physician Makes Money--Plan No. 640, 388 Physician’s Opportunity in This Field--Plan No. 915, 531 Piano Keys Keep White--Plan No. 438, 320 Piano, Plays and Teaches--Plan No. 180, 89 Piano Store Plan--Plan No. 386, 304 Pickled Peaches or Pears--Plan No. 128, 69 Pickled Plums--Plan No. 131, 69 Pickles Sweet Cucumbers--Plan No. 132, 70 Pickles, Relishes and Preserves--Plan No. 211, 98 Pictures, He Drew--Plan No. 742, 426 Pictures Frame Knock Down--Plan No. 350, 387, 287, 304 Pictures Made to Look Like Oil Paintings--Plan No. 391, 306 Picture Taking From Town to Farm--Plan No. 908, 503 Pictures Taken of Children--Plan No. 46, 26 Picture, Look Like Oil Paintings--Plan No. 391, 306 Pictures, Drawn--Plan No. 742, 642 Pies, Make--Plan No. 273, 236 Pig Makes Boy Money--Plan No. 757, 433 Pig Makes Profit for Farmer Boy--Plan No. 726, 420 Pig, Profit from $587.00--Plan No. 696, 408 Pigs Profitable to Boy--Plan No. 751, 431 Pigeons, Raise--Plan No. 561, 353 Pillows and Cushions Make--Plan No. 254, 219 Pipe and Main Works, Oxy-Acetylene--Plan No. 1144, 738 Pipe Shop, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1035, 619 Plan To Bring Women to Store--Plan No. 299, 271 Plans, He Knew How to Operate--Plan No. 306, 373 Plant Dept., Telephone Companies--Plan No. 1220, 799 Plants, Growing and Selling of--Plan No. 261, 231 Plants, Hot Beds for--Plan No. 433, 319 Planing Mill Industry--Plan No. 929, 557 Plating Silver--Plan No. 501, 337 Platinum, Working in--Plan No. 958, 578 Plants, Raise and Sell--Plan No. 417, 418, 315, 315 Plasterer and Mold Maker, Concrete Production--Plan No. 1181, 772 Play-Ground for Children--Plan No. 16, 7 Podiatry as a Vocation--Plan No. 1245, 844 Plumber, How to Become--Plan No. 701, 410 Plums Pickled--Plan No. 131, 215, 69, 99 Plumber--Plan No. 836, 489 Plumber, Do You Want to Become One--Plan No. 701, 410 Police Division--Plan No. 834, 488 Police Judge Becomes,--Plan No. 683, 403 Police Judge, Opportunity for--Plan No. 850, 492 Policemen, Opportunity for--Plan No. 837, 489 Policemen, Small Town--Plan No. 69, 37 Polish for Autos--Plan No. 193, 92 Polish for Furniture Successfully Sold--Plan No. 520, 340 Polishing Blocks of Metal--Plan No. 490, 335 Polishing Cloths Made--Plan No. 60, 33 Political, He First Became County Assessor--Plan No. 687, 405 Political, How He Wanted and Became a City Commissioner--Plan No. 685, 404 Political, He Ran for Justice of Peace--Plan No. 686, 404 Political, Lawyer Becomes Police Judge--Plan No. 683, 403 Political, Lawyer Becomes State Representative--Plan No. 682, 403 Political Manual--Plan No. 22, 12 Political Party, Extremest, Represented by Lawyer--Plan No. 673, 400 Politically He Becomes County Clerk--Plan No. 781, 443 Politically, He Made a Success of Assessor’s Office--Plan No. 780, 443 Politics, Attorney Becomes Mayor of City--Plan No. 634, 385 Politics, He Became Secretary to the Mayor--Plan No. 631, 383 Politics, in City Affair, Opportunity Health Division--Plan No. 830, 487 Politics, Interest In--Plan No. 660, 394 Politics, He Became County Commissioner--Plan No. 632, 383 Politics, How Lawyer Became County Clerk--Plan No. 653, 390 Politics, Lawyer Becomes a Judge--Plan No. 633, 384 Politics, Make a Living Out of--Plan No. 635, 385 Politics, Physician Becomes Coroner--Plan No. 638, 387 Politics, Reporter, Goes to Washington--Plan No. 661, 394 Politics, Retired Man, Goes Into--Plan No. 739, 425 Poor Farm--Plan No. 870, 494 Pop Corn Sells--Plan No. 351, 288 Portrait Photography--Plan No. 954, 575 Positions in Agricultural Extension Service--Plan No. 944, 572 Positions In Agricultural Experiment Stations--Plan No. 942, 570 Positions in Agricultural Schools for Agricultural Specialist-- Plan No. 940, 566 Positions, 225 in Number--Plan No. 913, 512 Positions, Thousands of, In U. S. A., In Agricultural Colleges-- Plan No. 942, 569 Post Cards for Churches--Plan No. 197, 93 Post Card Souvenirs--Plan No. 257, 229 Post Card Series Sell--Plan No. 347, 286 Post Card, Tinsel--Plan No. 471, 331 Postage Stamps, Cancelled, Sells--Plan No. 476, 332 Postal Department of Government--Plan No. 885, 498 Potato Chips Made a Success--Plan No. 343, 285 Potato Chips and Doughnuts--Plan No. 93, 48 Potato Plants, Sweet, Raised--Plan No. 418, 315 Potted Plants Sold--Plan No. 233, 164 Potted Plants, Growing and Selling--Plan No. 261, 231 Poultry, Back Yard--Plan No. 239, 166 Poultry Figures That Are Interesting--Plan No. 611, 614, 619, 377, 378, 379 Poultry Fattened Quickly--Plan No. 496, 336 Poultry, Hen House Strip--Plan No. 382, 302 Poultry, How to Succeed in--Plan No. 723, 418 Poultry in the City a Success--Plan No. 614, 378 Poultry Made Good Profits--Plan No. 711, 414 Poultry Makes $1,000 per Year--Plan No. 619, 379 Poultry Man Raises Capons--Plan No. 297, 270 Poultry Man, Boy Starts on Road to Success--Plan No. 754, 431 Poultry Man Keeps Eggs Fresh for a Year--Plan No. 545, 348 Poultry Man Makes Strips for Hen House--Plan No. 382, 302 Poultry, Money in--Plan No. 708, 282, 709, 710, 711, 723, 413, 267, 414, 418 Poultry Primer--Plan No. 219, 122 Poultry Pure Bred Made to Pay--Plan No. 318, 278 Poultry Plan of a Woman--Plan No. 212, 98 Poultry Raised--Plan No. 668, 398 Poultry Raised by Farmer’s Wife--Plan No. 435, 319 Poultry Raised by Girl--Plan No. 721, 417 Poultry Raised by Woman--Plan No. 710, 414 Poultry Raise and Sell--Plan No. 183, 89 Poultry Raising for a Boy--Plan No. 94, 49 Poultry Raised on 80 Acres--Plan No. 668, 398 Poultry Raised in South by Girls--Plan No. 747, 429 Poultry Record Earned by Girl in South--Plan No. 753, 431 Poultry What One Woman Did--Plan No. 709, 414 Poultry, What She Did with Chickens--Plan No. 800, 451 Poultry Yields $1.14 an Hour--Plan No. 748, 429 Powderman, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 489 Powder Sold with a Premium--Plan No. 368, 295 Power Plant, Navy Yards--Plan No. 1028, 617 Practice, How a Drugless Doctor Builds it Up--Plan No. 650, 88 Preparation, How to Market--Plan No. 167, 85 Presents for Holidays and Birthdays--Plan No. 428, 318 Preserved Pure Fruit and Jellies--Plan No. 581, 364 Pressing, Garment--Plan No. 1214, 840 Press Photography--Plan No. 950, 574 Printed Suggestions to Hotel People--Plan No. 97, 51 Printer, Amateur--Plan No. 253, 219 Printer Put Out Calendar with Local Views--Plan No. 252, 218 Printer Makes Church Post Cards--Plan No. 197, 93 Printer Sells Electrotypes to Country Merchant--Plan No. 119, 60 Printing Press Bought and Used--Plan No. 477, 332 Printing Trades as a Vocation--Plan No. 1238, 826 Probation Officer--Plan No. 858, 494 Produce of Other People’s Back Yards Sold Plan No. 82, 43 Professional Hostess--Plan No. 2, 1 Professional Man Shopper--Plan No. 62, 34 Programs for Movie Theatres--Plan No. 84, 44 Programs Published--Plan No. 196, 93 Promotion, Electrical--Plan No. 1199, 6 Protection Against Fraudulent Court Action--Plan No. 759, 434 Protection Against Fraudulent Schemes and Wild Cat Investments, Front of Book Public Office, Opportunities in--Plan No. 830, 487 Public Safety, Commissioners Division--Plan No. 835, 488 Publication for Theatre Goers--Plan No. 23, 13 Publishing a Cook Book--Plan No. 34, 20 Publishing Programs--Plan No. 196, 93 Puffie Bags--Plan No. 108, 55 Pullets Made to Pay--Plan No. 282, 267 Pumpkins Sold in Powder Form--Plan No. 283, 268 Pump-man for Railroad-Plan No. 1001, 1002, 599, 600 Purchasing Agent Division--Plan No. 846, 492 Purchasing Agent for the County--Plan No. 856, 493 Purser Position for Disabled Soldiers, Ocean Transportation--Plan No. 1024, 609 Put Up Face Cream, the Way--Plan No. 146, 75
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Rabbits Raising, Made a Success--Plan No. 379, 379 Rack for Portable Ironing Board, Build and Sell--Plan No. 818, 469 Rag Rugs Make and Sell--Plan No. 72, 38 Railroad Baggage-man-Plan No. 1000, 599 Railroad Brakemen on Local Freight--Plan No. 996, 598 Railroad Brakemen on Passenger--Plan No. 994, 598 Railroad Conductor on Freight Trains--Plan No. 997, 598 Railroad Construction on Operation--Plan No. 911, 510 Railroad Freight Brakeman--Plan No. 995, 598 Railroads, Head of Shop Work--Plan No. 978, 592 Railroad, Lawyer Becomes Counsel for--Plan No. 679, 402 Railroad Official and Clerical--Plan No. 963, 583 Railroad Office Work--Plan No. 975, 589 Railroad Opportunities for Disabled Men--Plan No. 1003, 600 Railroad, Other Occupations--Plan No. 1002, 600 Railroad Passenger Conductor--Plan No. 998, 599 Railroad Pump-man--Plan No. 1001, 599 Railroad Shop Work--Plan No. 978, 592 Railroad Shop Work, Air Brake Mechanic--Plan No. 982, 594 Railroad Shop Work, Boiler Maker--Plan No. 984, 594 Railroad Shop Work, Car Repairs--Plan No. 987, 595 Railroad Shop Work, Inspectors in--Plan No. 986, 595 Railroad Shop Work, Machinist in--Plan No. 981, 593 Railroad Station and Yard Worker--Plan No. 973, 589 Railroad Station Master and Assistant--Plan No. 969, 588 Railroad Steam, Opportunities--Plan No. 962, 581 Railroad Supervising Agent--Plan No. 970, 588 Railroad Track Supervisor--Plan No. 989, 596 Railroad Track Work--Plan No. 988, 595 Railroad Traffic Dept.--Plan No. 976, 590 Railroad Train Director--Plan No. 972, 589 Railroad Train Dispatcher--Plan No. 964, 586 Railroad Train Work--Plan No. 991, 597 Railroad Train Work Engineer--Plan No. 992, 597 Railroad Train Work, Fireman--Plan No. 993, 598 Railroad Telegraphy Work, Opportunity--Plan No. 964, 583 Railroad Ticket Examiners--Plan No. 974, 589 Railroad, Yard Master and Assistant--Plan No. 973, 589 Railroad, Yard Occupations--Plan No. 999, 599 Railroads, Steam Electrical--Plan No. 1233, 802 Railway Electrical Systems--Plan No. 1210, 794 Railway Mail Service Clerk for Government--Plan No. 964, 502 Railway Office and Clerical Work--Plan No. 964, 583 Railway Station Agent--Plan No. 967, 587 Railway Supervisor--Plan No. 970, 588 Raise a Few Sheep--Plan No. 154, 79 Raised Letter Sign, How to Make--Plan No. 393, 307 Raises Angora Cats--Plan No. 42, 24 Raker, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 491 Razors Honed by Mail--Plan No. 250, 381, 218, 301 Razors, Safety--Plan No. 35, 21 Ready-to-Make Dresses--Plan No. 114, 58 Ready-to-Wear Aprons--Plan No. 13, 6 Reaming, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1044, 621 Real Estate and Newspaper--Plan No. 603, 373 Real Estate Information from Addresses--Plan No. 582, 364 Real Estate Man Buys Snap--Plan No. 731, 422 Real Estate, Woman’s Way--Plan No. 5, 3 Real Estate, Knowledge of Property--Plan No. 582, 364 Rebate Cards--Plan No. 527, 342 Red Ink Powder Sell--Plan No. 475, 332 Reinforced Places for Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1168, 769 Refinishing by Furniture Repairmen--Plan No. 523, 341 Refreshments for Shoppers--Plan No. 466, 329 Religious Doctrine Championed His Way Through College--Plan No. 601, 372 Rent System on the Farm--Plan No. 808, 457 Renting Bulletin--Plan No. 58, 32 Renting Water Filters--Plan No. 32, 18 Repair Mon, Opportunity for--Plan No. 837, 489 Repair Men, Electrical--Plan No. 1195, 784 Repair Section, Telephone Company--Plan No. 1225, 800 Repairing, Electrical Construction--Plan No. 1184, 779 Repairing Houses--Plan No. 338, 283 Repairing Lawn Mowers--Plan No. 26, 267, 15, 234 Repairing of Shoes--Plan No. 1056, 633 Repairs Automobiles--Plan No. 37, 22 Repairs Furniture--Plan No. 523, 341 Reporter Becomes Secretary of Chamber of Commerce--Plan No. 681, 403 Reporter Lives Four Years in Washington, D. C.--Plan No. 661, 394 Reporter on Newspaper Makes Extra Money--Plan No. 680, 402 Reporter Runs Paid Reading Matter--Plan No. 4, 2 Represent Local Weekly--Plan No. 702, 410 Representative of State--Plan No. 682, 403 Restaurant and Bakery Man--Plan No. 830, 487 Restaurant in Hotel How to Advertise--Plan No. 97, 51 Restaurant Rented for Parties--Plan No. 18, 8 Restaurant Runs Coffee Roaster--Plan No. 74, 39 Retail Selling--Plan No. 1086, 666 Retired Man Goes Into Politics--Plan No. 739, 425 Rhubarb Bed Made to Pay--Plan No. 317, 277 Rhubarb Raised in the Cellar--Plan No. 416, 314 Ribbons for Typewriter Renewed--Plan No. 341, 284 Rice Popped, the Sale of--Plan No. 340, 284 Rigging Loft. Naval Yards--Plan No. 1041, 620 Riveting. Naval Yards--Plan No. 1044, 621 Road and Street Transportation--Plan No. 1008, 602 Roasting Ears for Winter--Plan No. 516, 339 Roller Engineer, Opportunity for--Plan No. 843, 491 Rolling Pin Covers Sell--Plan No. 691, 406 Room and Board for Nurses--Plan No. 148, 76 Rose Jars--Plan No. 106, 54 Roses, Attar of, Extracted--Plan No. 104, 54 Rubber Stamps, Make--Plan No. 349, 287 Rugs, Made from Rags--Plan No. 72, 38 Rural Contractors for Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1169, 770
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Sachet Powder--Plan No. 198, 93 Sachet Powder Sold by Woman--Plan No. 500, 336 Saddle and Harness Maker--Plan No. 1058, 634 Saddle and Harness Repairs--Plan No. 1059, 634 Safety Engineering--Plan No. 916, 535 Safety Razors for 25 cents--Plan No. 35, 21 Salad Dressing, Future--Plan No. 65, 35 Sale of Milk Diet--Plan No. 125, 63 Sale of Sanitary Handkerchiefs--Plan No. 388, 305 Sale Successful Without Advertising--Plan No. 251, 218 Sale, The Way to Sell Cleaning Compound--Plan No. 162, 83 Sales Annually in Parlor and Hall--Plan No. 187, 89 Sales Company One Man--Plan No. 557, 666, 352, 395 Sales Dept., Light and Power Company, Electrical--Plan No. 1207, 793 Sales Manager Becomes Realty Owner--Plan No. 301, 272 Sales Method Through Canvassing--Plan No. 258, 230 Sales, Memorials--Plan No. 260, 231 Salesman, Advances--Plan No. 301, 272 Salesman Can Make Money Soliciting Collections for Collection Agencies--Plan No. 462, 328 Salesman for Electrical Contracting and Repairing--Plan No. 1194, 783 Salesman Handles Auto Top Dressing--Plan No. 352, 288 Salesman, Lawyer Sells Law Books--Plan No. 606, 376 Salesman, Plan of Selling Articles--Plan No. 248, 217 Salesman, Positions In Life Ins.--Plan No. 1096, 679 Salesman Sells Another Man’s Soap--Plan No. 392, 307 Salesman Sells Watches on Installment Plan--Plan No. 459, 326 Salesmanship--Plan No. 1089, 669 Salesmanship, Life Insurance--Plan No. 1095, 677 Salesmen, Skillful Approach--Plan No. 258, 230 Salesmen of Life Insurance, Great Opportunity--Plan No. 1095, 677 Salted Peanuts--Plan No. 367, 294 Sanitary Handkerchiefs Sell--Plan No. 388, 305 Sanitary Inspector--Plan No. 830, 487 Sample-Making--Plan No. 1241, 839 Samples, Secret of Showing--Plan No. 248, 217 Sausage Making and China Painting--Plan No. 365, 294 Saw Work Done by Boy--Plan No. 479, 333 Saw Milling, Opportunity in--Plan No. 912, 511 Saws for Butchers, Sharpened--Plan No. 109, 56 Scenario Writing--Plan No. 552, 350 Schemes that are Fraudulent, Protection Against, Front of Book School Board, Lawyer Elected--Plan No. 677, 402 School-Books Paper, Covers for--Plan No. 227, 163 School-Children’s Needs--Plan No. 144, 74 School for Dress Cutting--Plan No. 149, 76 School for Etiquette and Dancing--Plan No. 150, 77 School for Office Boys--Plan No. 384, 303 School, High, the Way Boy Paid Expenses--Plan No. 743, 427 School, Teacher Does Extra Work--Plan No. 366, 294 School to Teach Cooking--Plan No. 274, 237 School to Teach Girls to Sew--Plan No. 275, 237 Screens for Windows--Plan No. 826, 483 Screens stored for the Winter--Plan No. 39, 23 Scrubbing Chariot Sell--Plan No. 715, 415 Second Mate on Ship--Plan No. 1017, 606 Secret Service Dept. of Government--Plan No. 886, 498 Secretary by Mail--Plan No. 115, 58 Secretary to Mayor of a City, How to Become--Plan No. 631, 383 Secretary to the State--Plan No. 876, 495 Secretarial Work, Commercial Work Common--Plan No. 1094, 675 Seed Inspector--Plan No. 900, 501 Seeds for Garden and Flowers, Sell--Plan No. 213, 99 Self Protection Against Fraudulent Schemes and Wild Cat Investments, Front of Book Sell Articles You Can Make--Plan No. 712, 414 Sell Best Bed Bug Preparation--Plan No. 698, 408 Selling--Plan No. 1089, 669 Selling, Commercial Retail--Plan No. 1086, 633 Selling by Parcel Post, Installments--Plan No. 312, 276 Selling Polishing Clothes--Plan No. 60, 33 Selling of Buttermilk--Plan No. 355, 289 Selling Flag by Mail--Plan No. 110, 53 Selling Handicaps--Plan No. 1095, 677 Selling Lime by Mail--Plan No. 383, 302 Selling List of Names--Plan No. 61, 34 Selling Life Insurance--Plan No. 1095, 677 Selling, Method with Cake--Plan No. 303, 231 Selling, Memorials--Plan No. 260, 231 Selling Plan, Photos--Plan No. 73, 38 Selling Plan Successfully Used--Plan No. 385, 452, 303, 323 Selling Plans, Very Successful--Plan No. 461, 327 Selling Popped Wild Rice--Plan No. 340, 284 Selling Potted Plants--Plan No. 261, 231 Selling Powder with a Premium--Plan No. 368, 295 Selling Talking Machine Plan--Plan No. 385, 303 Selling, Trust Plan--Plan No. 309, 275 Selling and Sorting--Plan No. 319, 278 Sells Cereal Coffee--Plan No. 394, 308 Sells Children Shoes--Plan No. 559, 352 Sells Flower and Garden Seeds--Plan No. 213, 99 Sells Home Made Fireless Cooker--Plan No. 216, 99 Sells Ink--Plan No. 375, 298 Sells Liquid Glass--Plan No. 380, 300 Sells Polishing Paste for Glass--Plan No. 137, 71 Sells Toy Balloons--Plan No. 401, 310 Service Stations, Electric--Plan No. 1201, 787 Serving Tray--Plan No. 816, 465 Sewer Division--Plan No. 841, 491 Sewing Lessons for Children--Plan No. 163, 84 Sewing Shoes--Plan No. 1053, 630 Sewing Made Profitable--Plan No. 285, 268 Shampooing and Hair Dressing--Plan No. 224, 146 Shaping Steel Frames and Plates, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1043, 621 Shawls Wool Sold by Parcel Post--Plan No. 308, 275 Sheep Herded by Girl Owners--Plan No. 749, 429 Sheep, He Believes in--Plan No. 612, 378 Sheep, Farmer Made Good Profits From--Plan No. 775, 441 Sheep Make Money for This Man--Plan No. 615, 379 Sheep on Summer Fallow--Plan No. 607, 376 Sheep, Raise--Plan No. 154, 79 Sheep, Raised by Girls--Plan No. 749, 429 Sheet Metal, Oxy-Acetylene--Plan No. 1145, 739 Sheet Metal Shop, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1038, 619 Sheet Metal Workers in Factory--Plan No. 921, 545 Sheet Music Sells--Plan No. 44, 25 Shelling and Selling Nuts--Plan No. 405, 312 Ship Building, Oxy-Acetylene Work--Plan No. 1142, 738 Ship Fitting, Naval Yards--Plan No. 1045, 621 Shipping and Calking--Plan No. 1044, 621 Shipping Clerk to Employer--Plan No. 521, 340 Shirts for Men Made--Plan No. 247, 217 Shoe Dressing White--Plan No. 242, 196 Shoe Lasting Requires Skill--Plan No. 1055, 632 Shoe Making--Plan No. 1051, 628 Shoe Polish in Powder Form--Plan No. 488, 334 Shoe Polishing Cloths--Plan No. 60, 33 Shoe Repairing--Plan No. 1056, 633 Shoes for Children His Specialty--Plan No. 559, 352 Shoes Made and Sold--Plan No. 456, 325 Shop for College Girl--Plan No. 67, 36 Shop Wiring, Electric Railway--Plan No. 1212, 796 Shop Work for Railroad--Plan No. 978, 592 Shopper, Man--Plan No. 62, 34 Shopping as a Profession--Plan No. 152, 77 Shopping by An Old Man--Plan No. 62, 34 Shopping for Friends--Plan No. 124, 62 Shoppers, Refreshments for--Plan No. 466, 329 Shorthand School Started--Plan No. 87, 46 Show Card Making, Book on--Plan No. 542, 346 Show Card Writing--Plan No. 1237, 822 Shower Bath, Make and Sell--Plan No. 823, 713, 414, 475 Sick People, Eggs for--Plan No. 305, 274 Sick Room, Perfume for--Plan No. 296, 270 Signs of Raised Letters--Plan No. 393, 307 Silver Fox Skins Sell--Plan No. 411, 313 Silver Polish, How to Sell Same--Plan No. 112, 57 Skating Rink with Summer Play Ground--Plan No. 16, 7 Slips, Sold by Mail--Plan No. 117, 59 Snaps Purchased by Real Estate Men--Plan No. 731, 422 Soap Leaves for Travelers’ Use--Plan No. 493, 335 Soap Makes Liquid Glycerine--Plan No. 202, 95 Soap, Plan of Selling--Plan No. 392, 269 Social Functions Managed by Woman--Plan No. 43, 25 Social Register--Plan No. 326, 280 Soda Fountain Made to Pay--Plan No. 78, 41 Sold Apples by Parcel Post--Plan No. 364, 293 Soldering Kit Sell--Plan No. 718, 416 Soliciting Business for Collection Agencies--Plan No. 462, 328 Song Sung Through a Dictaphone--Plan No. 194, 92 Sorting and Selling--Plan No. 319, 278 Spats for College Girls--Plan No. 15, 7 Spectacles, Two Sisters Sell--Plan No. 170, 87 Spit Fire Amusement Plan--Plan No. 406, 312 Sponge Box--Plan No. 813, 463 Spraying Fruit and Shade Trees--Plan No. 24, 13 Squabs, Beginning with--Plan No. 801, 452 Squabs, Raise--Plan No. 562, 354 Stamp Manufacturer--Plan 349, 287 Starch Enamel Plan Handled by Girl--Plan No. 538, 345 Starting a Gingham Shop--Plan No. 11, 5 Station Agent for Railroad--Plan No. 966, 586 Station and Yard Worker for Railroad--Plan No. 973, 589 Station Clerk, Baggage Man, Railroad--Plan No. 967, 587 Station Master and Assistant for Railroad--Plan No. 969, 588 Steam Railroad, Electrical--Plan No. 1233, 802 Steam Railroads, Opportunity In--Plan No. 962, 581 Steel Frame Cutter, Navy--Plan No. 1043, 621 Stenciling Work by Teacher--Plan No. 366, 294 Stenographer--Plan No. 835, 488 Stenographer at Home--Plan No. 41, 24 Stenographer Becomes Lawyer--Plan No. 679, 402 Stenographer Copies Addresses--Plan No. 424, 317 Stenographer Does Typewriting by Mail--Plan No. 50, 28 Stenographer Makes Money At Home--Plan No. 41, 24 Stenographer, Opportunity for--Plan No. 846, 492 Stenographer, Opportunity for--Plan No. 866, 494 Stenographer, Wrote for Authors--Plan No. 50, 28 Stenographer Who Travels--Plan No. 243, 197 Stenographers for Court--Plan No. 874, 495 Stenographers, Opportunity--Plan No. 839, 490 Stenography Common Commercial--Plan No. 1085, 665 Sterilized Cream and Bananas in the Country--Plan No. 328, 281 Stereo Views, Sells, Pays Way Through College--Plan No. 602, 373 Steward, Chief--Plan No. 1025, 610 Stick Candy Made at Home--Plan No. 100, 53 Stock Raising in a Mining District--Plan No. 374, 298 Stocking Patterns Made--Plan No. 316, 277 Storage Battery Repair--Plan No. 1154, 760 Storage Battery and Service Station Work, Electrical--Plan No. 1201, 787 Store, Brings Women to--Plan No. 299, 271 Store for Old Clothing Started--Plan No. 694, 407 Store for School Children in Home--Plan No. 144, 74 Store for Notions--Plan No. 290, 269 Store Handled by Woman--Plan No. 323, 279 Store in Her Own Home--Plan No. 140, 276, 73, 237 Store Man, Opportunity for--Plan No. 838, 490 Store Purchased by Wife--Plan No. 323, 279 Store Run at College, Earns His Way--Plan No. 590, 369 Store Run on Co-operative Plan--Plan No. 76, 40 Store with Stock of Notion--Plan No. 290, 269 Stores Give Discounts in Books--Plan No. 49, 28 Stores in Country Towns Bought and Sold--Plan No. 732, 422 Storing Screens--Plan No. 39, 23 Stove Polish and Enamel Made--Plan No. 426, 317 Stove Polish that Enamels--Plan No. 502, 337 Street Car Becomes Dining Room--Plan No. 270, 235 Street Division--Plan No. 843, 491 Street Railway Oxy-Acetylene Work--Plan No. 1141, 737 Street Transportation Foreman--Plan No. 1011, 602 Strips for Hen Houses--Plan No. 382, 303 Student, College, Earns Way Through--Plan No. 372, 297 Student Earns Way Through College--Plan No. 589, 369 Style Advisor--Plan No. 147, 75 Subscription Agency--Plan No. 195, 92 Subscription of Magazines by Mail--Plan No. 348, 286 Sun-Burn Remover, Sell-Plan No.--507, 338 Superintendent Assistant for Concrete Construction--Plan No. 1161, 767 Superintendent from Clerk--Plan No. 80, 83, 42, 44 Superintendent of Public Instruction--Plan No. 882, 496 Superintendent or Concrete Road Construction--Plan No. 1172, 770 Supervising Agent for Railroad--Plan No. 970, 588 Supply Bureau--Plan No. 55, 31 Supply Dept., Naval Yards--Plan No. 1046, 622 Surgery, A Specialty by a Doctor in Small Town--Plan No. 655, 391 Surplus Market Opened--Plan No. 463, 328 Surplus, Can--Plan No. 558, 352 Sweet Peas--Plan No. 289, 268 Sweet Potato Slips by Mall--Plan No. 117, 59 Switch Board Repairman--Plan No. 1226, 800
T
Table Relish--Plan No. 56, 31 Tablets That Eradicate Grease--Plan No. 325, 280 Takes Care of Hair--Plan No. 47, 27 Talking Machines Given Away--Plan No. 385, 303 Taping, Electrical--Plan No. 1071, 652 Tax Deeds, Deacon Makes Money Out--Plan No. 639, 387 Taxicab Transportation--Plan No. 1008, 608 Tea Kettles of Brass, Collect--Plan No. 468, 330 Tea Room Started--Plan No. 18, 8 Teacher Becomes Chauffeur--Plan No. 3, 1 Teacher Can Sell--Plan No. 20, 10 Teacher In High School Raises City Gardens--Plan No. 583, 366 Teacher In Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 933, 559 Teacher Works on the Side--Plan No. 366, 294 Teacher, Technical Agriculture as Profession--Plan No. 940, 566 Teachers, Auto--Plan No. 1152, 757 Teachers, Forestry--Plan No. 1150, 740 Teachers, Men--Plan No. 1102, 693 Teaches Basket Making--Plan No. 92, 48 Teaches Button Hole Making--Plan No. 40, 23 Teaches Dancing--Plan No. 400, 310 Teaches Etiquette--Plan No. 150, 77 Teaches Plano--Plan No. 180, 89 Teaches Scenario Writing--Plan No. 552, 350 Teaches Sewing--Plan No. 163, 84 Teaching as Vocation--Plan No. 1101, 692 Teaching in Commercial Work--Plan No. 1099, 681 Teaching, Opportunity in Agriculture--Plan No. 938, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 563, 566, 568, 569, 570, 572 Teaching Paid His Way Through College--Plan No. 778, 442 Team Driver, Opportunity--Plan No. 843, 491 Teamsters, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 491 Telegraphy and Wireless Operating--Plan No. 1087, 667 Telegraphy as An Occupation for Disabled Men--Plan No. 964, 583 Telephone Company, Installation Section--Plan No. 1230, 801 Telephone Company, Repair Section--Plan No. 1225, 1226, 800 Telephone Company, Repair Section--Plan No. 1231, 802 Telephone Company, Traffic Dept.--Plan No. 1232, 802 Telephone Companies, Aerial Line and Cable Sections--Plan No. 1223, 799 Telephone Companies, Auditing Dept.--Plan No. 1221, 799 Telephone, Companies, Commercial Dept.--Plan No. 1220, 799 Telephone Companies, Electrical--Plan No. 1218, 798 Telephone Companies, Engineering Dept.--Plan No. 1219, 799 Telephone Companies, Line and Instrument Repair Man--Plan No. 1227, 801 Telephone Companies, Plant Dept.--Plan No. 1222, 1225, 799, 800 Telephone Companies, Switch Board Repair Man--Plan No. 1228, 801 Telephone Companies, Underground Cable Section--Plan No. 1221, 800 Telephone Companies, Wire Chief Section--Plan No. 1229, 801 Telephone Operator--Plan No. 836, 488 Telephone Operator--Plan No. 857, 493 Telephone Operator’s Position--Plan No. 831, 488 Telling Them How--Plan No. 513, 339 Tents, Made--Plan No. 576, 362 Terminal Water Transportation--Plan No. 1012, 603 Testing Electrical Manufacturing--Plan No. 1078, 656 Testing Generators and Other Devices--Plan No. 1081, 657 Testing Motors, Electrical Manufacturing--Plan No. 1080, 657 Theatre, Free to Children--Plan No. 111, 57 Theatre, Free Tickets--Plan No. 116, 59 Theatre Goers Weekly--Plan No. 23, 13 Theatres, Motion Pictures--Plan No. 79, 41 Theatres, Motion Pictures, Programs--Plan No. 84, 44 Thermometer Plan That Paid--Plan No. 63, 34 Three Color Work in Photography--Plan No. 955, 575 Tickets for Motion Picture Free--Plan No. 116, 59 Time Keeper, Concrete Work--Plan No. 1163, 768 Tinkering Jobs--Plan No. 484, 334 Tire Repairing, Automobile--Plan No. 1155, 762 Toilet Adviser--Plan No. 147, 75 Tomato Plants Grow--Plan No. 174, 88 Tomato Preserves--Plan No. 135, 70 Tomato Sauce, Pure, from the Country--Plan No. 441, 321 Tomatoes Raised by Girl on ¹⁄₁₀ Acre--Plan No. 704, 412 Towel Supply to Offices--Plan No. 45, 25 Town Lawyer, A Small--Plan No. 656, 392 Track Foreman for Railroads--Plan No. 989, 596 Track Supervisor for Railroad--Plan No. 990, 597 Track Work R. R.--Plan No. 988, 595 Tractor Driver, Opportunity for--Plan No. 843, 491 Trade Tip Bureau--Plan No. 571, 359 Trades and Farm Specialties--Plan No. 1065, 638 Traffic Dept. for Railroad--Plan No. 976, 590 Traffic Dept., Telephone Company--Plan No. 1232, 802 Train Callers--Plan No. 974, 589 Train Car and Ticket Examiner--Plan No. 975, 589 Train Director for Railroads--Plan No. 972, 589 Train Dispatcher for Railroad--Plan No. 965, 586 Train Work on Railroad--Plan No. 991, 597 Transportation, Assistant for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Transportation--Plan No. 961, 580 Transportation Dept., Electrical Railway--Plan No. 1214, 796 Transportation on Road and Street, Managers of--Plan No. 1010, 602 Transportation, on Road and Street, Opportunities--Plan No. 1007, 601 Trappers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 491 Transportation, Opportunity in--Plan No. 962, 581 Traveler’s Use Soap Leaves--Plan No. 493, 335 Tray for Serving--Plan No. 816, 465 Treasurer to the State--Plan No. 879, 496 Trees, Trim--Plan No. 524, 341 Trial Lawyer a Specialty--Plan No. 652, 389 Truck Drivers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 1156, 489, 764 Truck Gardening, Big Profits--Plan No. 620, 380 Trunks Packed by Woman--Plan No. 53, 29 Trust Plan--Plan No. 112, 310, 57, 275 Trust, Idea with Cigars--Plan No. 309, 275 Trust Plan Works Locally--Plan No. 307, 274 Tuberculosis Sanitarium--Plan No. 859, 493 Twenty-Three Acres Has Remarkable Yield--Plan No. 613, 378 Two Men Earn Their Way Through College--Plan No. 453, 323 Typewriting at Home--Plan No. 41, 24 Typewriting by Mail--Plan No. 50, 28 Typewriting Ribbons, Renew--Plan No. 341, 284 Typewriting Saved by Lawyer--Plan No. 605, 375
U
Underground Cable Section--Plan No. 1224, 800 United States Martial’s Office--Plan No. 887, 499 Upholstering and Repairing Furniture--Plan No. 532, 344 Urban Transportation--Plan No. 1004, 600 Utility Companies, Electrical Employment--Plan No. 1203, 789 Utility Man, Opportunity for--Plan No. 841, 491 Utility Man, Opportunity for--Plan No. 843, 491
V
Vacant Lots Kept Clean--Plan No. 5, 3 Vacuum Cleaner--Plan No. 550, 349 Vegetables by Parcel Post--Plan No. 54, 30 Vegetables Canned--Plan No. 294, 270 Vegetables Desiccated--Plan No. 237, 165 Vegetables, Increased Size--Plan No. 547, 348 Vegetables of 31 Varieties Raised in His Home Garden--Plan No. 705, 412 Vehicle Manufacturing--Plan No. 930, 557 Veterinarian for U. S., Become--Plan No. 217, 100 Views Made by Camera--Plan No. 57, 32 Vinegar Made from Strawberries--Plan No. 209, 98 Visits Other Attorneys--Plan No. 782, 444
W
Wages, Schedule of, for Naval Yards and Naval Station--Plan No. 1050, 624 Waitresses, Opportunity for--Plan No. 859, 493 Wall Paper Agency at Home--Plan No. 89, 46 Wall Paper, Take Orders for--Plan No. 469, 330 Warehouse, Investigators for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Warehouseman for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Wash Outside of Houses--Plan No. 362, 292 Washers, Opportunity for--Plan No. 859, 493 Washington Man Goes Through College--Plan No. 370, 296 Watch Fobs for 5 cents--Plan No. 86, 45 Watch Insurance--Plan No. 95, 50 Watch Offices on Ship--Plan No. 1019, 606 Watches Sold on Installment Plan--Plan No. 459, 326 Watchman for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Watchman, Opportunity--Plan No. 69, 37 Water Filter, Home Made--Plan No. 205, 96 Water Filters Rented--Plan No. 32, 18 Water Glass Method for Saving Eggs--Plan No. 707, 413 Water Transportation--Plan No. 1013, 603 Water Works for Farm Kitchen--Plan No. 824, 477 Way He Made a Success of Assessor’s Office--Plan No. 780, 443 Wealth, Way to Front of Book Weather Bureau--Plan No. 893, 499 Weaving Baskets for Farms--Plan No. 1, 1 Week End Trips for Women--Plan No. 21, 11 Weekly Paper, Start--Plan No. 166, 85 Weekly, Put Out for Theatre Goers--Plan No. 23, 13 Weeklies in Small Country Towns--Plan No. 421, 316 Weeklies in Small Country Towns, Represent--Plan No. 430, 318 Weight Clerk for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Weights and Measures Divisions--Plan No. 832, 488 Weights and Measures, Assistant for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Well and Water Work for Farm--Plan No. 824, 477 Wells, Remove Foul Air--Plan No. 495, 335 What the Farmer Should Know--Plan No. 1068, 643 Wheat and Oats Yield Good--Plan No. 618, 379 Wheat Makes Good Profits--Plan No. 621, 380 Widow Protection Against Fraudulent Schemes and Wild Cat Investments, Front of Book Widow Woman Prepares Lunches for Factory Workers--Plan No. 122, 61 Wife Helps Run Wall Paper Agency--Plan No. 89, 46 Wife Helps Run Shorthand School--Plan No. 87, 46 Wild Cat Investments, Protection Against, Front of Book Window Card Suggestions--Plan No. 10, 5 Window, Coin Hidden in--Plan No. 741, 426 Window Washing--Plan No. 702B, 411 Wire Chief Section, Telephone Companies--Plan No. 1229, 801 Wireless Operating--Plan No. 1087, 667 Wireman for U. S.--Plan No. 217, 100 Wiring, Electrical as an Occupation--Plan No. 1192, 782 Witness, Fees Collected for--Plan No. 96, 50 Woman, Accomplished a Good Deal with Chickens--Plan No. 800, 451 Woman Assists Husband to Advance--Plan No. 301, 272 Woman, Arm Developer--Plan No. 497, 336 Woman Assists Husband in Advertising Agency--Plan No. 10, 5 Woman Assists in Grocery--Plan No. 298, 271 Woman Assists In Surplus Market--Plan No. 463, 328 Woman Bakes, Saves the Home--Plan No. 19, 9 Woman Bakes Bread and Cake--Plan No. 303, 273 Woman Bakes for Busy People--Plan No. 175, 88 Woman Bakes Fruit Cake--Plan No. 29, 16 Woman, Basket Boarder--Plan No. 829, 486 Woman, Bath Powder--Plan No. 499, 336 Woman, Bath Room for--Plan No. 255, 219 Woman Becomes Isolation Hospital Nurse--Plan No. 672, 399 Woman Becomes Rich in Making Salad Dressing--Plan No. 65, 35 Woman Becomes Shopper--Plan No. 152, 77 Woman Becomes Toilet Advisor--Plan No. 147, 75 Woman, Brittle Nails--Plan No. 498, 336 Woman Built Her Home on $40 a Month--Plan No. 699, 409 Woman Bust Developer--Plan No. 497, 336 Woman Buys a Store--Plan No. 323, 279 Woman Canned Chicken--Plan No. 692, 407 Woman Cans Fruit and Vegetables--Plan No. 210, 98 Woman Caters for Lodge People--Plan No. 90, 47 Woman Caters in Small Town--Plan No. 295, 270 Woman Cook, Opportunity for--Plan No. 870, 494 Woman Copies Patterns on Cloth--Plan No. 519, 340 Woman Cow Tester--Plan No. 719, 416 Woman Crochets and Makes Other Patterns--Plan No. 185, 89 Woman Crochets Doll Clothes--Plan No. 12, 6 Woman Crystallizes Fruits and Nuts--Plan No. 404, 311 Woman Deals in Nut Meats--Plan No. 168, 86 Woman Decorates Old Houses and Arranges Yards--Plan No. 81, 42 Woman Develops and Prints Photographs--Plan No. 292, 269 Woman, Divorced, Does Farming--Plan No. 736, 424 Woman Does Canning for Busy People--Plan No. 264, 232 Woman Does Hair Dressing Work--Plan No. 138, 71 Woman Does Manicuring in Small Town--Plan No. 223, 145 Woman Does Shampooing and Hair Dressing--Plan No. 224, 146 Woman Does Typewriting at Home--Plan No. 41, 24 Woman’s Dresses, Ready to Make--Plan No. 114, 58 Woman Dresses Christmas Dolls--Plan No. 226, 163 Woman Earns College Education--Plan No. 395, 308 Woman Earns Home by Making Doughnuts--Plan No. 740, 426 Woman Earns a Musical Education--Plan No. 396, 308 Woman Entertains Children--Plan No. 667, 397 Woman Extracts Attar of Roses--Plan No. 104, 54 Woman Furnishes Refreshments for Shoppers--Plan No. 466, 329 Woman Gathers Chestnuts--Plan No. 179, 88 Woman Gets Magazine Subscriptions by Mail--Plan No. 348, 286 Woman Gets Up Country Dinners for City Folks--Plan No. 121, 61 Woman Gets Up Window Cards--Plan No. 10, 5 Woman Goes Through College and Pays $100 on Debt--Plan No. 399, 310 Woman Grows Tomato Plants--Plan No. 174, 88 Woman Handles Desiccated Vegetables--Plan No. 237, 165 Woman Handles Palmistry by Mail--Plan No. 165, 84 Woman Has Annual Sales in Parlor and Hall--Plan No. 187, 89 Woman Helps Husband--Plan No. 521, 340 Woman Helps Husband Who is Doctor--Plan No. 77, 40 Woman Helps Husband to Advance to Superintendent--Plan No. 80, 42 Woman Helps Husband to Advance to Engineer--Plan No. 83, 44 Woman Helps Her Husband’s Bakery--Plan No. 315, 276 Woman Improves a Market--Plan No. 314, 276 Woman in the Mountain Keeps 10 Children in School--Plan No. 722, 418 Woman Keeps Basket Boarders--Plan No. 829, 486 Woman Keeps Bees--Plan No. 214, 99 Woman Keeps Eggs Fresh--Plan No. 217, 100 Woman Keeps Flower Bed--Plan No. 429, 318 Woman Keeps Piano Keys White--Plan No. 438, 320 Woman Keeps Vacant Lots Clean--Plan No. 5, 3 Woman, Landscape Artist, Assists Architect--Plan No. 272, 236 Woman Launders Lingerie--Plan No. 222, 145 Woman Library Column in Newspaper, Run--Plan No. 263, 232 Woman Makes Almond Paste--Plan No. 107, 55 Woman Makes and Sells Baskets--Plan No. 182, 89 Woman Makes Apple-butter--Plan No. 419, 315 Woman Makes Aprons--Plan No. 13, 6 Woman Makes Barn Pay--Plan No. 28, 16 Woman Makes Baskets--Plan No. 92, 48 Woman Makes Baskets--Plan No. 234, 165 Woman Makes Baskets for Ferns--Plan No. 1, 1 Woman Makes Beauty Bags--Plan No. 159, 81 Woman Makes Button Holes--Plan No. 40, 23 Woman Makes Chains of Hair--Plan No. 359, 291 Woman Makes Canvas Gloves--Plan No. 14, 6 Woman Makes Cereal Coffee--Plan No. 394, 308 Woman Makes Christmas Candy--Plan No. 73, 88 Woman Makes and Sells Cottage Cheese--Plan No. 291, 269 Woman Makes Cozy Corners--Plan No. 155, 79 Woman Makes Crab Apple Jelly--Plan No. 136, 71 Woman Makes Dustless Dusters--Plan No. 160, 321, 82, 278 Woman Makes Face Cream--Plan No. 146, 75 Woman Makes Feather Comforters-Plan No. 448, 322 Woman Makes Good Profit from Chickens--Plan No. 711, 414 Woman Makes Grease and Oil Removers--Plan No. 120, 60 Woman Makes Grocery Pay--Plan No. 298, 271 Woman Makes Hens Lay in Winter--Plan No. 59, 32 Woman Makes Holiday and Birthday Presents--Plan No. 428, 318 Woman Makes Home Made Candy--Plan No. 100, 53 Woman Makes Home Made Christmas Gifts--Plan No. 142, 74 Woman Makes Home Made Cologne--Plan No. 105, 54 Woman Makes Home Made Lace--Plan No. 143, 74 Woman Makes Home Made Maple Cream Candy--Plan No. 102, 53 Woman Makes Home Made Sausage--Plan No. 365, 294 Woman Makes Huckleberry Pie--Plan No. 273, 236 Woman Makes Indian Baskets--Plan No. 133, 70 Woman Makes Knock--down Dresses--Plan No. 114, 58 Woman Makes Living from Sorting and Selling--Plan No. 319, 278 Woman Makes Maple Cream Candy--Plan No. 102, 53 Woman Makes Orchard and Garden Pay--Plan No. 127, 68 Woman Makes Pan Lifters--Plan No. 228, 136 Woman Makes Peanut Crisp--Plan No. 103, 54 Woman Makes Perspiration Eradicator--Plan No. 506, 338 Woman Makes Pickled Plums--Plan No. 131, 69 Woman Makes Puffie Bags--Plan No. 108, 55 Woman Makes Potato Chips and Doughnuts--Plan No. 93, 48 Woman Markets Preserved Fruits--Plan No. 271, 235 Woman Makes Rose Jars--Plan No. 106, 54 Woman Makes Rhubarb Bed Pay--Plan No. 317, 277 Woman Makes Rugs--Plan No. 72, 38 Woman Makes Sachet Powder--Plan No. 198, 500, 93, 336 Woman Makes Salad Dressing--Plan No. 65, 35 Woman Makes Shirts for Men--Plan No. 247, 217 Woman Makes Sick Room Perfume--Plan No. 296, 270 Woman Makes Up Social Register--Plan No. 326, 280 Woman Makes Soda Fountain Pay--Plan No. 78, 41 Woman Makes Stick Candy--Plan No. 100, 53 Woman Makes Stocking Patterns--Plan No. 316, 277 Woman Makes Sweet Cucumber Pickles--Plan No. 132, 70 Woman Makes Table Relish--Plan No. 56, 31 Woman Makes Taffy Candy--Plan No. 101, 53 Woman Makes Tailored Hats--Plan No. 232, 164 Woman Makes Tomato Sauce--Plan No. 441, 321 Woman Makes Thumbless Mittens--Plan No. 231, 164 Woman Makes Vinegar from Strawberries--Plan No. 209, 98 Woman Makes Women’s Articles--Plan No. 108, 55 Woman Manages Social Functions--Plan No. 43, 25 Woman Mends Broken China--Plan No. 439, 320 Woman Nurse, Opportunity for--Plan No. 859, 493 Woman Nurses, Diabetics--Plan No. 568, 357 Woman Obtains Education and Makes $500--Plan No. 397, 309 Woman on Farm Becomes Ambitious--Plan No. 737, 424 Woman on Farm Cans for City People--Plan No. 264, 232 Woman on Farm Improves Market--Plan No. 314, 276 Woman on the Farm Makes Money--Plan No. 172, 88 Woman on the Farm, Money Making--Plan No. 184, 89 Woman on the Farm Raises Geese--Plan No. 525, 341 Woman on the Farm Raises Geese--Plan No. 262, 232 Woman Offers Window Card Suggestions--Plan No. 10, 5 Woman Opens Beauty Parlor--Plan No. 188, 90 Woman Opens a Gift Shop--Plan No. 51, 28 Woman’s Opportunity in Health Division of City--Plan No. 830, 487 Woman Packs Trunks--Plan No. 53, 29 Woman Paints China--Plan No. 365, 294 Woman Pays Grocery Bill from Flower-bed--Plan No. 429, 318 Woman Photographs Animals--Plan No. 99, 52 Woman Pickles Cherries--Plan No. 130, 69 Woman Pickles Peaches and Pears--Plan No. 128, 69 Woman Pickles Plums--Plan No. 131, 69 Woman Pickles Plums--Plan No. 215, 99 Woman Picks Apples--Plan No. 155, 79 Woman Picks Berries--Plan No. 200, 94 Woman Picks Cranberries on Shares--Plan No. 178, 88 Woman Plays and Teaches Piano--Plan No. 180, 89 Woman Prepares Dinners in the Country--Plan No. 121, 61 Woman Prepares Lettering Compound--Plan No. 218, 121 Woman Prepares Lunches for School Children--Plan No. 236, 165 Woman Prepares Lunches for Workers--Plan No. 122, 61 Woman Preserves Flag Roots--Plan No. 181, 89 Woman Preserves Fruit--Plan No. 271, 235 Woman Preserves Pure Fruit and Jellies--Plan No. 581, 364 Woman, Protection Against Fraudulent Court Action--Plan No. 759, 434 Woman Puts Up Condensed Milk--Plan No. 206, 97 Woman Puts Up Spiced Currants--Plan No. 134, 70 Woman Puts Up Tomato Preserves--Plan No. 135, 70 Woman Raises Angora Cats--Plan No. 42, 24 Woman Raises Cabbage and Tomato Plants--Plan No. 417, 315 Woman Raises Canaries--Plan No. 221, 145 Woman Raises Chickens--Plan No. 710, 414 Woman Raises Flowers--Plan No. 141, 73 Woman Raises Geese--Plan No. 262, 232 Woman Raises Gold Fish--Plan No. 398, 310 Woman Raises Mint--Plan No. 6, 3 Woman Raises Mushrooms--Plan No. 235, 165 Woman Raises Mushrooms in Cellar--Plan No. 91, 47 Woman Raises Plants--Plan No. 433, 319 Woman Raises Poultry--Plan No. 709, 414 Woman Raises Rhubarb in Cellar--Plan No. 416, 314 Woman Raises Rhubarb--Plan No. 317, 277 Woman Raises and Sells Pansies--Plan No. 414, 314 Woman Raises and Sells Poultry--Plan No. 183, 89 Woman Raises Sweet Potato Plants--Plan No. 418, 315 Woman Reads for Club--Plan No. 7, 3 Woman Reads Characters from Photographs--Plan No. 327, 281 Woman Remodels Farm--Plan No. 28, 16 Woman Runs Automobiles--Plan No. 3, 1 Woman Runs Bath Room for Women--Plan No. 255, 219 Woman Runs Chafing Dish Annex--Plan No. 403, 311 Woman Runs Co-operative Cooking--Plan No. 17, 8 Woman Runs Clipping Bureau--Plan No. 7, 3 Woman Runs Dining Room in Street Car--Plan No. 270, 235 Woman Runs Dress Cutting School--Plan No. 149, 76 Woman Runs Etiquette and Dancing School--Plan No. 150, 77 Woman Runs 8¹⁄₂ Acres--Plan No. 21, 11 Woman Runs a Flower Bed--Plan No. 141, 73 Woman Runs Girls’ Sewing School--Plan No. 275, 237 Woman Runs Hand Laundry--Plan No. 189, 90 Woman Runs Home Lunch Delivery--Plan No. 25, 14 Woman Runs Home Store--Plan No. 276, 237 Woman Runs Little Girls’ Cooking School--Plan No. 274, 237 Woman Runs Magazine Library--Plan No. 157, 81 Woman Runs Medical Garden--Plan No. 409, 313 Woman Runs Mending School at Home--Plan No. 88, 46 Woman Runs Mending Shop--Plan No. 158, 81 Woman Runs Notion Store at Home--Plan No. 290, 269 Woman Runs Nurses’ Bureau--Plan No. 148, 76 Woman Runs One Cow Dairy--Plan No. 8, 4 Woman Runs Sewing School for Children--Plan No. 163, 74 Woman Runs Social Register--Plan No. 326, 280 Woman Runs Store for School Children--Plan No. 144, 74 Woman Runs Vacuum Cleaner--Plan No. 550, 349 Woman Runs Traveling Grocery--Plan No. 300, 271 Woman Sells Almond Cream--Plan No. 505, 337 Woman Sells Apples by Parcel Post--Plan No. 364, 293 Woman Sells Bath Powder--Plan No. 499, 336 Woman Sells Brittle Nail Remedy--Plan No. 498, 336 Woman Sells Comforters--Plan No. 448, 322 Woman Sells Country Tomato Sauce--Plan No. 441, 321 Woman Sells Face Cream--Plan No. 146, 75 Woman Sells Flags by Mail--Plan No. 110, 56 Woman Sells Flower and Garden Seeds--Plan No. 213, 99 Woman Sells Grease and Oil Remover--Plan No. 120, 60 Woman Sells Hickory Nuts--Plan No. 230, 164 Woman Sells Ice Wool Shawls--Plan No. 308, 275 Woman Sells Jams and Jellies--Plan No. 436, 320 Woman Sells Ladies’ Goods--Plan No. 688, 405 Woman Sells Magazines by Mail--Plan No. 348, 432, 286, 319 Woman Sells Plan, Bust Developer--Plan No. 497, 336 Woman Sells Post Card Series--Plan No. 347, 286 Woman Sells Potato Chips--Plan No. 343, 285 Woman Sells Potted Plants--Plan No. 233, 261, 164, 231 Woman Sells Preparation for Plano Keys--Plan No. 438, 320 Woman Sells Sachet Powder--Plan No. 500, 336 Woman Sells Sanitary Handkerchief--Plan No. 388, 305 Woman Sells Sheet Music--Plan No. 44, 25 Woman Sells Spectacles--Plan No. 170, 87 Woman Sells Sunburn Remover--Plan No. 507, 338 Woman Sells Wonder Covers for Rolling Pins--Plan No. 691, 406 Woman Serves Hot Soup for Business Girls--Plan No. 302, 272 Woman Sews--Plan No. 285, 268 Woman Shops for Her Friends--Plans No. 123, 152, 62, 77 Woman Sorts and Sells Farm Produce--Plan No. 319, 278 Woman Starts Gingham Shop--Plan No. 11, 5 Woman Starts Home Messenger Service--Plan No. 85, 45 Woman Starts Home Store--Plan No. 140, 73 Woman Starts a Luncheon Club--Plan No. 169, 86 Woman Starts Columns in Newspaper--Plan No. 263, 232 Woman Starts a Tea Room--Plan No. 18, 8 Woman Style Adviser--Plan No. 147, 75 Woman Suggested to Her Husband--Plan No. 81, 42 Woman Supplies Clean Towels--Plan No. 45, 25 Woman Supplies Firm With Baskets--Plan No. 1, 1 Woman Supports Family by Home Canning--Plan No. 720, 417 Woman Takes Care of Plot--Plan No. 47, 27 Woman Takes Children’s Pictures--Plan No. 46, 26 Woman Takes Local Motion Pictures--Plan No. 79, 41 Woman Takes Orders for Dress Goods--Plan No. 176, 88 Woman Takes Orders for Extracts--Plan No. 177, 88 Woman Takes Orders for Wall Paper--Plan No. 469, 330 Woman Taught Care of Hair--Plan No. 47, 27 Woman Teaches--Plan No. 366, 294 Woman Teaches Dancing--Plan No. 400, 310 Woman Tells Them How--Plan No. 513, 339 Woman, Wife of Doctor, Starts Hospital--Plan No. 77, 40 Woman’s Exchange, Sold Cake to--Plan No. 303, 273 Woman’s Exchange--Plan No. 151, 77 Woman’s Poultry--Plan No. 212, 98 Woman’s Way of Going Through College--Plan No. 395, 308 Woman’s Way of Making a Living--Plan No. 689, 405 Women, Bath Room, Exclusively for Them--Plan No. 255, 219 Women Brought to Store--Plan No. 299, 271 Women Collect Brass Tea Kettles--Plan No. 468, 330 Women Make Good Cow Testers--Plan No. 719, 416 Women May Make a Living Out of Politics--Plan No. 635, 386 Wood Working Trade--Plan Nos. 927, 928, 555 Wool Clip, One Dollar Per Head--Plan No. 775, 441 Work, Condition of, Naval Yard--Plan No. 1048, 622 Work in the Electrical Manufacturing Industries--Plan No. 1069, 648 Work in Navy Yards, How to Apply for--Plan No. 1026, 610 Work, 225 Positions Listed in Lumber Industry--Plan No. 913, 512 Worker Along Commercial Lines--Plan No. 1082, 658 Workers Automobile Manufacturing Industries, Opportunities in--Plan No. 1104, 707 Workers, Classification of and What They Do, In Factory Wood Working Trade--Plan No. 928, 555 Workers, Classes of, Employed in Naval Yards--Plan No. 1050, 626 Workers, Disabilities, on the Farm--Plan No. 1066, 640 Workers, Disabled, 133, Make Good--Plan No. 1100, 683 Workers, Great Demand on Farm--Plan No. 1067, 642 Workers in Leather Trades--Plan No. 1051, 628 Workers in Sheet Metal--Plan No. 921, 545 Workers on Electric Railway--Plan No. 1004, 600 Workers, Opportunity in Agricultural Colleges--Plan No. 942, 569 Workers, Opportunities in Advertising Profession--Plan No. 1091, 671 Workers, Opportunities, In Agricultural Experiment Stations--Plan No. 944, 572 Workers, Opportunity in the Jewelry Trade--Plan No. 957, 577 Workers, Opportunity for in Railroads--Plan No. 961, 580 Workers, Positions for in Agricultural Experiment Stations--Plan No. 942, 570 Workers, Positions, in Agricultural Extension Service--Plan No. 944, 573 Workers That Sew Difficult Parts of Shoes--Plan No. 1053, 630 Workers That Skillfully Cut Leather--Plan No. 1054, 631 Workers, 10,000 Jobs in Life Insurance Work--Plan No. 1095, 677 Workman, Salesmanship, Opportunities in--Plan No. 1089, 669 Woven Shawls Sold by Parcel Post--Plan No. 307, 274 Writing Business Letters--Plan No. 9, 4
X
X-Ray Man, Opportunity For--Plan No. 859, 493
Y
Yard Master and Assistant--Plan No. 971, 588 Yard Occupations for Railroads--Plan No. 999, 599 Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Worker Puts Himself Through College--Plan No. 593, 370
Transcriber’s Notes
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text, and their settings, not all elements may display as intended.
Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation have been retained, as have unusual and archaic spelling, except as mentioned below. The book’s use of quote marks at the beginning and end of paragraphs is inconsistent as well.
The following plans are not present in the source document: No. 220, No. 809 and No. 1027.
In most cases the Plans have been considered as chapters. Some Plans, however, clearly are part of a chapter; these have been treated as sections. The formatting of chapter and section headings have not been standardised, except as listed below.
In lists and tables, the (lack of) numerical or alphabetical order of entries has not been corrected unless listed below.
Page 32, were ordered taken: as printed in the source document; the sentence appears to be incomplete or over-complete.
Page 138, Produce the infertile egg: as printed in the source document; possibly intended to be a section header.
Page 415, Plan No. 713: the individual costs do not add up to the total given.
Page 465, Fig. 6: the illustration may have been printed mirrored in the source document.
Page 487, asterisks and footnote [10]: In the source document, the asterisks on this and the following pages serve both as footnote marker and as indicator for appointments by the commissioners. It has been assumed that the footnote only refers to the Steward and Assistant in the Rivercrest Isolation Hospital.
Page 487, Isolation Hospital--Rivercrest: There may be a line with the name of a service missing between Nurses and Utility Man.
Page 558, Linderman machine: other spellings include Lindemann, Lindeman, etc.
Page 662, PART 1 and page 668 PART II: as printed in the source document.
Page 675, Since no training has been available for this vocation in the past secretarial workers have been recruited: there should probably be a comma after vocation or after past.
Page 806, 815-822, references to illustrations: there are no illustrations in this Plan.
Page 822, See list on the last page of this monograph: there is no such list.
Page 825, becoming a show-card writer be overcome: there is a word (can, may, might or similar) missing.
Index: Entry College, Girl Works her Way Through: the page numbers are missing from the source document.
Index: The non-alphabetical order of entries and the non-numerical order of page and Plan numbers have not been corrected.
Changes made
Footnotes, tables and illustrations have been moved out of text paragraphs. Some tables have been split or re-arranged.
The book occasionally uses multiple footnote markers for a single footnote. Where necessary or more convenient, such footnotes have been duplicated. In some footnotes, Idem has been replaced with the full text for the sake of clarity.
Obvious minor typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected silently.
Page xi: ‘ inserted before if you will not hear reason; ” added after as Poor Richard says.
Page 68: Second PLAN No. 127 renumbered to 127B
Page 93: MAKING SACHET POWDERS PAY changed to MAKING SACHET POWDERS PAYS
Page 98: Heinze’s fifty-seven varieties changed to Heinz’s fifty-seven varieties
Page 172-173: alignment of items in Bill of Materials standardised
Page 181: Footnote anchor [10] inserted (invisible in source document) where it appears to fit best
Page 215: Footnote anchor [15] inserted (invisible in source document) where it appears to fit best
Page 234: simpling telling changed to simply telling
Page 237: come to the door changed to came to the door
Page 265: each the hills changed to each of the hills
Page 278: Shake the clothes well changed to Shake the cloths well
Page 344: aleic acid changed to oleic acid; merbane changed to mirbane
Page 375: LAWYERS PLAN changed to LAWYER’S PLAN
Page 440: PLAN No. 171 changed to PLAN No. 771
Page 448: he sewed rye changed to he sowed rye
Page 503: Second PLAN No. 907 renumbered to 907B
Page 515, row r: fireman changed to foreman
Page 517, row (2) d: detriment. no changed to no detriment.
Page 528, table header: cent changed to Per cent
Page 586, THE TRAIN DISPATCHER changed to PLAN NO. 965. THE TRAIN DISPATCHER
Page 647, entry Accountant: D12 changed to E12
Page 683: Footnote anchor [34] inserted (invisible in source document) where it appears to fit best
Page 846: footnote marker deleted after ... chiropody licensure (no footnote present in source document)
Page 850: Underloader Foreman changed to Unloader Foreman
Page 861, row 11. Buyer, purchasing agent: footnote marker deleted from column Hours of work (no footnote present in source document)
Page 862: If has not lost his head changed to If he has not lost his head
Page 875: 135 changed to 133 (Disabled Men)
Index: Some repeated entries have been deleted. Some page and plan numbers have been corrected silently. For the sake of clarity, dashes between page or Plan numbers have been replaced with commas when they did not indicate a continuous range.