XLVIII. VERSAILLES AND THE COMMUNE

XLVIII. VERSAILLES AND THE COMMUNE

The Communists or Communards--The “Internationale”--Bismarck and the National Guard--The Municipal Elections--The Insurrection--Thiers--Paris During the Commune--Concluding Remarks.

No sooner had peace been signed between France and Germany than a desperate conflict took place in the streets of the capital, which led to a two months’ war between the regular troops established at Versailles and a mass of federated battalions of the National Guard in Paris itself. The Communards are known in England as the “Communists”; and, having after a time adopted certain theories on the subject of labour and the division of property as part of their programme, they are generally looked upon as Communists in the socialistic sense of the word. The Communard movement of 1871 was, above all, a revolutionary attempt to establish absolute municipal self-government in Paris. It recalled, then, from the first the Commune of the great Revolution, when Pétion was Mayor of Paris, with Robespierre and Danton among his councillors and officials. The Paris Commune of the first Revolution declared all other authorities suspended. It joined the extreme party known as the Mountain (from occupying the highest benches in the Assembly), organised the movement which resulted in the fall of the moderate, well-intentioned Girondists, and remained faithful to Robespierre throughout the Reign of Terror until the overthrow of the revolutionary tyrant. The very name of Commune was then abolished, and in lieu of a central municipal power, Paris was divided into twelve distinct municipalities.

Count Bismarck at Versailles had recommended the disarming of the National Guard. His well-meant advice was regarded with suspicion, though, as he had foreseen, the revolutionary spirit of the force in question soon asserted itself. Already on the 18th of March the National Guard had resisted the action of some Line regiments. The Municipal Elections of the 26th proved favourable to the projected Communal Government, and, on the 29th, the Commune was formally proclaimed. The Red Republicans, leaders in every revolutionary movement, had, since the dethronement of Napoleon III. and the proclamation of the Republic in September, 1870, never ceased to attack what they considered the conservative character of the Government of National Defence; and in demanding measures of a more democratic kind, they aimed in particular at decentralisation, municipal independence, and the introduction of a federated system made up of self-governing communes. These views were supported in good faith by politicians of the extreme Republican side. But they were adopted also, and spread abroad with many pernicious additions, by political agitators, revolutionists, and adventurers of the worst kind. The members of the “Internationale”--a society for the promotion of revolution everywhere, of which but little has lately been heard--did their best to fan the insurrectionary flame; and soon every form of discontent had its representatives, and every impossible chimera its supporters among the leaders of what was still called the Commune.

The vagabondism which gave to the Commune so many adherents had been generated and developed during the siege, and there were numbers of men in Paris, composing the worst portion of the National Guard, who saw in the end of the war the end also of their living at Government expense, and who looked forward with dismay to the return of regular work, the enforcement of creditors’ claims, the collection of rents and taxes, and a hundred other inconveniences which they had evaded during the war. On the triumphal entry of the German army into Paris, March 1st, 1871, detachments of the National Guard had, by express stipulation, though contrary to Bismarck’s advice, been allowed to remain under arms for the preservation of order in the streets, and a considerable quantity of cannon having been entrusted to their care (in order to prevent its falling into the hands of the Germans, who by the terms of the armistice had every right to it), they afterwards, when summoned to do so by General Aurelle de Paladines, refused to give it up. It was on this occasion that the National Guard came into collision with the regular troops, who had been instructed to receive the artillery from them. Their determination not to part with the field-pieces placed beneath their protection was at first attributed to an honourable patriotic feeling. But the National Guard lost no time in seeking ammunition for their artillery, and they took possession of several magazines. They were attacked by some bodies of regular troops, but succeeded in giving a good account of their opponents, some of whom were induced to join them. A Central Committee of the National Guard was now formed, and inflammatory proclamations were put forward demanding that the National Guard should have the right to elect its own officers; that the daily war pay of one franc and a half should be secured to each National Guard until he could obtain work, and that General Aurelle de Paladines should be displaced in order to make room for a commander of their own choosing. In regard to general politics, they demanded universal suffrage and the formal subjection of all military power to the civil authority of the Paris municipality: Paris commune, that is to say.

The chief of the new National Government, M. Thiers, saw that the time for suppressing the movement in favour of the Commune had arrived. The National Guard had carried their artillery to the heights of Montmartre, and some ten thousand of the regular troops now took up positions of attack at the base of the hill. They then pressed upwards to the summit, overcame the guard placed outside the insurgents’ camp, took the cannon, and made several hundred prisoners. Having once got possession of the cannon, the regular troops do not seem to have known what to do with their capture. News of the affair spread rapidly through the workmen’s quarters of Montmartre and Belleville, and the alarm having been beaten, several battalions of National Guards mustered and marched to the hill on whose crest the cannon still remained. One of the regiments entrusted with the custody of the guns fraternised with the assailants, and the victory of the National Guards was thus made easy. The insurgents remained in possession of the guns, and the few troops who remained loyal to their colours were allowed to withdraw. Soon afterwards, on the same day, a small body of regular troops was cut off from the main column by a party of insurgents, and General Clément Thomas, former commander of the National Guard of Paris, was taken prisoner and shot. By mid-day on the 18th, the insurgents were in full possession of Montmartre, and towards evening, the Government troops having been driven from the field, they penetrated into other quarters, and now for the first time established themselves in the Place Vendôme. Soon after dark, they occupied the Hôtel de Ville without encountering any resistance. By midnight they had made it their headquarters, the regular troops having meanwhile returned to Versailles. On the morning of the 19th, the federated Guards held every point within their power, and the Central Committee were the rulers of the city. The Government over which M. Thiers presided was already established at Versailles.

Nothing could be stranger than the way in which the forts around Paris were now occupied. Those on the eastern and north-eastern side were still in the hands of the Germans. The regular Government held Mont-Valérien, the most important of all the forts. The other forts had fallen into the power of the federated battalions of the National Guard, who now made preparations for defending the city against a second siege.

Elections were at this juncture made to a municipal assembly; the Commune was declared to be the only true and legitimate Government of the city; and a Journal Officiel de la Commune de Paris was founded, in which a series of decrees was immediately published. The old revolutionary calendar was restored, March 29th being announced as “the eighth of Germinal, year 79.” Laws were issued requiring every able-bodied citizen, from nineteen to forty, to serve in the National Guard; a partial remission of overdue rents was granted; three years’ time was given for payment in full of overdue notes and bills, and the daily pay of the National Guards was raised to two and a half francs. All articles, moreover, that had been pawned for a sum not exceeding twenty francs were to be returned to their owners; pensions were to be paid to the widows and orphans of those falling in the insurrection; and all factories whose owners had left Paris were to become the property of the workmen employed in them.

The Commune now proceeded to organisation, and, after many lively debates in the Assembly, an executive committee was formed, when the conduct of the Communal Government assumed a definite shape. Ministers were appointed, and one of the leading members of the Commune--he happened to be the best-dressed man amongst them--was named, at a time when Paris was cut off from all communication with the outer world, “Director of External Affairs”--“Directeur des Affaires Extérieures.” “Ce monsieur,” said Rochefort, when he heard of the appointment, “a plus d’extérieur que d’affaires.”

The general cry on the part of the Communal leaders was now to march upon Versailles and “crush the Assembly.” The first encounter, however, with regular troops undeceived the National Guard as to the kind of reception they would encounter. They had expected fraternisation, but met only with defeat. Their first repulse, however, had little effect but to encourage the Communal Government to renewed efforts; and on the day following the first check nearly 90,000 men, divided into three columns, were sent towards Versailles. The centre column, under Bergeret, an American, was to advance in the direction of Meudon, covered by the southern forts in possession of the Commune; the left, under Eudes, was to approach Versailles by way of Vaugirard, Montrouge, and Chàtillon, while the right, under Duval, was to pass directly under the guns of Mont-Valérien, which was believed to be evacuated, and advance upon Nanterre and Rueil. Neither column, however, had marched very far before it encountered disaster. Bergeret was met by a division of regulars at Meudon, and at once driven back; the left, under Eudes, was stopped by a corps of sailors and marines and, after a fierce encounter, compelled to retreat. The worst fate of all was reserved for Duval’s column, which, on approaching Mont-Valérien, was surprised at close quarters by a terrible discharge of artillery from the fort believed to be abandoned. The middle part of the column was annihilated, and the leading regiments, equally with the rear, took to flight. Duval himself was captured and shot.

Bergeret’s place in the army was now taken by a Pole, Ladislas Dombrowski, who was also made Commandant of Paris. Another reign of terror seemed at hand. Requisitions were made upon public institutions of various kinds, including churches; and several rich men, accused of disloyalty to the Commune, had their property seized and confiscated. Numbers of Communist prisoners taken in action had been shot, and it was now declared that in putting to death unarmed soldiers the Versailles authorities had transgressed the rules of civilised warfare. The Archbishop of Paris, Monseigneur Darboy, with other ecclesiastics and civilians of eminence, were seized as hostages; and it was announced that for every Communist prisoner put to death three hostages would be executed. Monseigneur Darboy was one of the first victims under this decree. Tragic, indeed, has been the fate of three archbishops of Paris in succession: Monseigneur Affre, who perished on the barricades in the days of June, 1848, as he was seeking to pacify the insurgents; Monseigneur Sibour, assassinated by a fanatical priest; Monseigneur Darboy, shot in cold blood by the Communists.

M. Thiers, who had erected the forts of Paris partly against foreign invasion, partly, it was thought, against a possible insurrection in Paris itself, enjoyed within a few months the opportunity of testing their utility in both characters. As a protection against assault from the outside they had proved ineffective, though they need not have done so had Paris been approached within a reasonable time by a relieving army strong enough to break through the lines of investment. Against the forces of the Commune they were found very serviceable; and, when the final advance was made from Versailles, the forts played an important part in covering the attack. The Versailles troops were under the command of Marshal MacMahon, who retained his popularity with the French by reason of his being, as a matter of fact, the only prominent French leader who had not signed a capitulation or in any way capitulated; though, had he not been severely wounded on the morning of the battle of Sedan, he would have had no choice but to surrender on the terms which his successor in command, General de Wimpffen, was compelled to accept. Nevertheless, while General de Wimpffen, Marshal Bazaine, and General Uhrich, Commandant of Strasburg, were stigmatised, with all the commandants of the numerous fortified towns which surrendered under severe bombardment, as unworthy of the trust reposed in them, Marshal MacMahon, by the mere accident of his having been incapacitated at the beginning of the most critical battle of the whole war, was regarded as a hero without fear and without reproach.

To return to Versailles--the regular troops occupied point after point, until at last they were prepared for a final advance. Rossel, an artillery officer of considerable talent, had now replaced Cluseret as “delegate for war.” Dombrowski retained the chief command. But the Commune was greatly in want of leaders, and numbers of battalions were without chiefs, On the 10th of May M. Thiers’ private house was demolished, and on May 16th the Vendôme column was overthrown. The insurgents, under the pressure of the Versailles troops, became almost as frantic as were the revolutionists of the Reign of Terror when they feared the invasion of all Europe. The most bitter hatred was expressed against the Versailles Government by popular orators haranguing crowds in the streets and in the great republican clubs. Bands of women, as during the revolution of 1789, marched through the public thoroughfares, carrying arms and exciting the people against the “assassins of Versailles.”

On the 14th of May several forts were captured from the Communists; and on the 21st everything seemed ready for a general attack. Proclamations were posted on the walls of Paris calling upon citizens to fight to the last; and officers rode through the streets inciting all they met to determined resistance. These appeals proved ineffective in the richer quarters of Paris, where the arrival of the Versailles troops was looked forward to with joy. But they met with the fullest response in the workmen’s districts, where even women and children fought at the barricades. Begun on Sunday, May 21st, the operations of the Versailles army were continued on Monday and Tuesday. The troops had been divided into five columns, which were to form a cordon round the city, and, attacking vigorously at certain points in the circumference, were gradually to concentrate so as to hem in the insurgents on all sides--the plan, in short, of the battle of Sedan applied by Frenchmen to other Frenchmen. On Tuesday morning, May 23rd, the attack was begun. The Versailles troops were successful at all points; but one of the columns met with a desperate resistance on the plateau of Montmartre, which was not taken until after severe fighting. Close to Montmartre the Place Pigalle, where Dombrowski had his headquarters, still held out. It was surrounded by a barricade, which was defended with the utmost energy for two hours, until the Communist leader fell mortally wounded. Then the resistance did not cease; but before night the important stronghold was in possession of the Versailles troops.

There was desperate fighting, too, in the Place Vendôme, which was at last taken by an overwhelming assault made at the same time from the Rue de la Paix on the one side and the Rue de Castiglione on the other. The Place de l’Opéra was also the scene of a sanguinary struggle. It was not until Wednesday morning that the Bourse was taken, and the only important points left unoccupied were now the Hôtel de Ville and the Château d’Eau.

Meanwhile the insurgents, gradually falling back, had, in their powerlessness, gratified their rage by the most barbarous means. Organised incendiarism had been resorted to, and fires now broke out in every part of Paris. Fires which might possibly have been caused by shells had been noticed on the Tuesday, and now, on Wednesday, the Tuileries was in flames. Soon the Palais Royal, a whole side of the Rue Royale, and then, in an easterly direction, the Hotel de Ville, were found to be burning. A panic spread through the city, among the Versailles troops as well as the people. It was repeated from mouth to mouth that the Communists had sworn to burn all Paris by fire kindled with petroleum; and a series of arrests and executions was now begun, which soon amounted to the indiscriminate slaughter of all who chanced to fall under the slightest suspicion. “It was only necessary,” says an American writer, Dr. Edward L. Burlingame, “that a man or woman should be pointed at as pétroleur or pétroleuse; they were shot down without inquiry or mercy. Houses were searched, and those hidden in them were brought into the streets and killed. Many entirely innocent shared the fate of the leaders, like Vermorel and Rigault, both of whom fell by these summary executions. A court-martial was established in the centre of the city, but even for those brought before it there was in most cases only a hurried form of trial. New fires were continually lighted, either by concealed incendiaries--of whom many were taken with the implements for their work in their hands--or by petroleum bombs from the barricades and the districts still in possession of the Communists. During this week of conflagrations there were consumed or partially burned, besides a great number of private houses, the Palais de Justice, the Prefecture of Police, the Palace of the Legion of Honour, the Porte St. Martin Theatre, the Grenier d’Abondance, several churches, many mercantile establishments and minor public buildings: all this, besides the more formidable conflagrations at the Hôtel de Ville, the Tuileries and the Louvre.”

During the whole of Wednesday, in spite of the distraction caused by the fires, the troops had steadily continued the manœuvres by which they were gradually closing about the last insurgent strongholds. Around the burning hotel the Communists contested every step of advance with desperate bravery. It was late on Wednesday night before the building, then in flames in four places, was at last abandoned. On the left bank of the Seine the resistance was still more obstinate, and it was only on Thursday afternoon that the Versailles troops succeeded in driving the insurgents from their last strong position on the Buttes-aux-Cailles, after the bloodiest contest since their entry into the city. Still fighting, the Communists fell back to the manufactory of the Gobelins, which they set on fire. Here was their last desperate defence on this side of the river. Prisoners in their hands were forced to man the barricades, and afterwards were shot down after freedom had been scoffingly promised them. After a violent struggle the Versailles troops gained possession of the whole district, and with it of the last contested spot on the left bank.

On the right bank the troops were operating towards the Faubourg St. Antoine, and especially the Place de la Bastille, which was taken on Friday, when the insurgents retired to the cemetery of Père Lachaise. The quarter of Belleville, inhabited almost exclusively by workmen, resisted with the greatest ferocity, and on Friday night it was still unconquered by the Versailles troops, who now formed a semicircle around it. On Saturday, May 27th, there were still barricades to take in the Faubourg du Temple; and the Communists had yet to be dislodged from the cemetery of Père Lachaise. A fire, too, was kept up by a battery on the Buttes Chaumont. On the evening of Saturday, May 27th, General Vinoy took the cemetery by storm. The last defence of the Communists was made at a barricade in the Faubourg du Temple, which, in spite of constant attacks, held out until Sunday at noon. At five o’clock on Sunday afternoon the firing had ceased throughout the city, and a notice from Marshal MacMahon was posted on the walls announcing that the civil war was at an end. The dead were scattered through half the streets of Paris, the hospitals were crowded with the wounded on both sides, and nearly twenty thousand prisoners were in the hands of the Government. The great majority of the ordinary prisoners were set at liberty; but a considerable number were shot on the plain of Satory, near Versailles. Many more were transported to penal colonies.

Versailles now lost its military importance as headquarters for the army. But the Assembly continued to sit there, and did not until some time afterwards hold its deliberations within the walls of Paris.

“In five or ten years, as soon as you are strong enough,” said Count Bismarck to General de Wimpffen, during the negotiations which followed the battle and preceded the surrender of Sedan, “you will attack us again, and we must be prepared for you.” This prediction, happily, has not been fulfilled. The words “as soon as you are strong enough” are somewhat oracular in character; but, as a matter of fact, France has remained at peace far longer than was thought probable either by her friends or by her enemies. The peace of 1815 lasted only fifteen years, and it was first broken by the French themselves. The peace which followed the Franco-German War has already endured for twenty-three years.

Paris seemed to have escaped from the murderous grip of its foe only to commit suicide. But the deeds of the Commune, however shocking, were not altogether without precedent in the history of France; and, were it now worth while to seek them, excuses might almost be found for the desperation of those days.

The “pyromania” by which the fanatical incendiaries of the Commune may well be said to have been inspired had shown itself before in French history; so, too, had the panic by which the pyromania of 1871 was naturally followed. In the sixteenth century, on the 23rd of May, 1524, the town of Troyes was burnt down; men in disguise had, it was said, excited children to kindle the flames. As soon as the news reached Paris, people lost their heads. Some terrible plot was supposed to have been formed, the object of which was to destroy the whole of Paris. Accordingly, just as happened three centuries and a half later under the Commune, the citizens came out to guard their own houses, and began by stopping up the holes opening into their cellars. Under the Commune it was said that slowly burning sulphur matches were thrown into all the cellars, and every woman who was seen carrying a basket or a milk-can was called a pétroleuse. In 1524 it was forbidden by public proclamation to light the customary bonfires on the feast of St. John; and during the Commune it was imprudent for several days to light a lucifer in the streets.

During the reign of Louis XIV., an English traveller remarked that no people were more industrious than the Parisians, nor gave less money, because he said they hastened to spend all they earned in food, drink and clothes. The vanity of dress, the love of ornaments, and, above all, of decorations in the official sense of the word, has always tormented the Parisians. The passion for equality still shows itself in France by everyone wishing to wear a gold stripe on his trousers or a feather in his cap. No such brilliant display of fantastic uniforms was ever seen as during the Commune. The officers of Dombrowski’s and Bergeret’s staff, bumping on their horses as they pranced along the boulevards, did credit to the imagination of the costumiers; and after the suppression of the Commune, one of the first orders issued by Marshal MacMahon dealt with this strange abuse--indulgence in unauthorised uniforms--which were condemned collectively as fancy dresses, costumes de fantaisie. At the beginning of the First Revolution the same phenomenon had been seen.

The women were no less ridiculous than the men, as they preceded or followed the battalions in military jackets laden with the most grotesque ornaments. These viragoes were the lineal descendants of the “tricoteuses” of the First Revolution, and of Théroigne de Méricourt. “The wife of a colonel walks about with a red cap on her head,” writes the author of a book on the events of the Reign of Terror, entitled “Un Témoin de la Révolution.” “She carries pistols in her belt, and boasts publicly of the number of persons she killed during the massacres of August and September.” There was apparent novelty in the permission given by the Commune to tenants not to pay their rent; but this eminently popular measure had been anticipated by the Council of Union in the days of the League.

If there was nothing new in the excesses of the Commune, neither is there in the accusations, often groundless, made against the luxury and immorality of the Parisians. Everything that has been said about the demoralisation of France under the Second Empire had been said about the demoralisation of France under Louis Philippe, not to speak of the 17th and 18th centuries, whose morals and manners are only too abundantly described in a whole series of memoirs.

“The industrial and commercial activity of this epoch, the stimulus it gave to all material appetites, brought about,” says M. Lavallée in his “History of Paris,” “a competition without limits, the most hideous speculation, a more shameless, more barefaced love of money than in the time of the Regency or of the Directory.” M. Lavallée, however, is here writing not of the Paris of Napoleon III., but of the Paris of Louis Philippe.

“The more civilisation is developed,” says M. Maxime Ducamp,[H] “the more reproaches of this kind will be made, and apparently in all sincerity. The discovery of the precious metals, which have gradually become abundant, has given to the world excessive wealth; wealth has created wants, and some of these wants have become habitual. Every effort is made to satisfy them. To demand from a rich nation a life of abnegation and poverty, is to demand from the human being more than his nature permits. A man will without murmuring live on oatmeal and horseflesh when he is constrained to do so by necessity, but in the ordinary course of life he prefers wheaten bread and beef-steak. People are said to have been very virtuous at Sparta. But the Spartans honoured theft: a proof of extreme poverty or of inconceivable idleness.”

[H] “Paris, ses organes, ses fonctions et sa vie.”

This wealth and this luxury which moralists, severe upon other people, condemn with violence, have not been without influence in softening manners, and they have brought about, to take only a hygienic view, a notable prolongation of human life. In lieu of rookeries in which whole families used to rot, in hovels without sun or air, Paris now possesses broad streets with healthy houses which are flooded with light and oxygen, to say nothing of an abundant water supply. This wealth does not afford immoral pleasures alone. It has trebled the productive power of Parisian workmen by substituting for their black bread of other days a substantial reinvigorating diet. The consumption of meat, unmistakable sign of general prosperity, increases every year. Charitable institutions provide attendance for indigent persons at their own homes, and vast hospitals, at which the first physicians of the day think it an honour to serve, receive the sick in numbers and under conditions never dreamed of in the good old time.

The general health of Paris cannot but profit by the intelligent and beneficent care of the indigent sick, and, were not Paris a wealthy city, the ameliorations introduced into her hospitals would have been impossible. Without the riches produced by so much solicitude for material interests, could the Prefecture of the Seine have assigned 30,000,000 francs for primary education in Paris?

There have never been fewer assassinations or fewer robberies in Paris than at present. The crimes committed to-day, in the midst of a population of some two millions, are only one-tenth as numerous as those which darkened the period when France counted no more than 600,000 inhabitants. Whether the moral character of the public has proportionately improved is another question. Police vigilance and preventives of all kinds serve doubtless as a check. The brilliant gas which has been substituted for flickering oil-lamps, the spacious thoroughfares which have replaced obscure lanes and alleys, have contributed enormously to the safety of the citizen. Each year in Paris the police effect thirty or forty thousand arrests--a fact which proves, not indeed that the metropolis has grown eminently moral, but at least that it is well protected. And it is in proportion as the wealth of the nation increases, that the protective organisation of the city can be maintained in greater perfection. In this sense the luxurious wealth which certain moralists so deeply lament, is an inestimable boon even to the poorest section of the community.

INDEX.

Abailard, and his students, I., 355; his house and his love story, II., 156

Abailard and Héloise, Monument to, II., 156

Abbey of Longchamp and its founder, I., 219

Abbey of Saint-Magloire, I., 314

Abd-el-Kader and the scene with General Bugeaud, I., 75, 76

Academicians, The, and the oyster-woman, II., 7, 8

Académie Française: Mercier’s opinion, I., 37, 38; and composers of operas, 118; origin, II., 55; constitution, 55, 56; M. Arsène Houssaye’s “The Forty-first Chair,” 56; celebrated men who were not members, 56, 57; funds and prizes, 58

Académie Royale de Musique, I., 87; Assassination of the Duke of Berri at the, 90

Achard, Amédée, fights a duel with Paolo Fiorentino, I., 61

Actors, Denial of the rites of burial to, I., 58, 111-113; imprisoned, 176

Actresses, sent to prison, I., 56, 58, 176; an excommunicated class, 58; Voltaire on the public opinion of, 58; their costumes, 322-324

Adrien de Valois, Burial-place of, I., 299

Adulteration of foods, II., 314

Affre, Monseigneur, his assassination, II., 66, 247, 249

Agricultural produce, II., 167

Agricultural proprietors, II., 167

Alaux, M., and the Folies Dramatiques Theatre, I., 85

Algeria as a training-ground for generals, I., 75

Altar of Patriotism, I., 232, 233

Alva, Duke of, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22

Amaury, and his followers, I., 251, 252

Ambigu-Comique Theatre, I., 86

Americans in Paris, II., 13-16

Ancelot, librarian of the Arsenal Library, I., 290

Andelot, and the attack on the Guises, I., 22

André des Arts, St., Church of, II., 107

Anecdotes, of duellists, I., 353, 354; of students, 359; of Bohemians, 367, 368; of cookery and dining, 374-376; of coachmen, II., 1-3; of oyster-women, 7; of domestic servants, 22; of Parisian gaiety and wit, 24-27; of peasants, 169; of Talleyrand, 241, 242; of beggars, 324, 326, 327

Anglais, Café, I., 122, 123

Angoulême, Count of, I., 23; and the Hôtel Lamoignon, 68

Angoulême, Duchess of, and Mme. de Lavalette, I., 318

Anisson family, The, and the Royal Printing Office, I., 307, 308

Anjou, Duke of, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 23

Anne of Austria and the Val de Grâce, II., 90

Anti-Jacobin, The, I., 162

Antoine, St., Rue, I., 2, 46, 282-28

Apprenticeship, I., 301

Aquinas, St. Thomas, Church of, II., 238

Archbishops of Paris, Tragic fates of three successive, II., 66, 358

Architecture, Gothic style proscribed by Louis XIV., I., 5

Archives, Palace of, I., 304

Archivists, I., 305

Armour in the Artillery Museum, II., 86, 87

Army, The, its uniformity, I., 65; Algeria as the training-ground for generals, 75

Arnould, Sophie, birthplace, I., 3; her description of herself, 29; receives offer of marriage from Bélanger, 127, 129; poverty and death, 129; her wit, 354

Arsenal, The, and its library, I., 290

Artillery, Central depôt of, II., 238

Artillery, Museum of: origin, history and growth, II., 83-88; reorganisation, 83, 84; sacked in 1830 and replenished by Duke of Reggio’s collection, 84; specimens of the Stone Age, 85; Roman and Mediæval specimens, 86; fire-arms, 87, 88

Artistic and Literary Club. I., 140

Artists in the Rue d’Enfer, II., 106

Arts and crafts corporations, I., 300, 301

Arts Bridge, II., 34

Artus (or Arthur), King of Britain, and his duel with the Tribune Flollo, I., 277

Assembly of the States-General (1789), II., 232

Assistance Publique, I., 305

Astleys, The: open a circus in Paris, I., 73; the personal attractions of the son, 73, 74; their circus taken over by Franconi, 74

Astrology, I., 16; patronised by Catherine de Médicis, 42

Asylum: of Bicêtre, I., 63; II., 211-214, 221, 222; Children’s, II., 101, 102; Saint-Jacques aux Pélerins, I., 314; Salpêtrière, II., 209-211, 218

Auber, M., and the Conservatory of Music, I., 335

Aubriot, founder of the Bastille, I., 47

Austerlitz Bridge, II., 33, 34

Austerlitz, Column of, I., 155-158

Ave Maria Market, I., 290

Avenue Marigny, I., 223, 224

Aveugles, Café des, I., 110

Bac, Rue du, I., 10

Balloons as war vehicles, II., 236

Balls at the opera, I., 139

Baltazarini and his Ballet Comique de la Reine, I., 28

Balzac, and his tailor, I., 106; as a printer, II., 175

Bank of France, I., 322

Banquet d’Anacréon Restaurant, I., 85

Barnave and the Breton Club, I., 162

Barracks, Napoleon, I., 283

Barère, proposes the destruction of royal tombs, I., 101, 102; and the preservation of the Louvre and the Tuileries for the king, 207; and the Breton Club, 162

Barriers, The: and the octroi, II., 318; designations and number, 319; Clichy and De l’Étoile, 319; scenes of executions and assassinations, 320

Barry, Mme. du, I., 302

Bartholomew, St., Church of, I., 269

Bastille, The, its destruction and the original intention of its builders, I., 46; as a State prison, 46; dungeons and internal regulations, 46; some notable prisoners, 47; and lettres de cachet, 50; its fall, 51, 52; release of prisoners, 51, 52; pulled down and meetings held on the site, 52; and the Encyclopædia, 55; liberation of prisoners on the accession of Louis XV., 55; II., 95; imprisonment of Mlle. Clairon, I., 56; prisoners liberated by the Duke of Orleans, 99; built by Étienne Marcel, 286

Bastille, Place de la, I., 43, 52, 59

Bath-house of the Romans, I., 73, 74

Batignolles, Les, I., 344

Baudelaire, Charles, his residence, I., 291

Bavoux, Nicholas, prosecuted for his lectures, I., 358

Bazaine, Marshal, II., 358

Béarn, Prince of. (See Henry IV.)

Beaufort, Duc de, his duel with the Duc de Nemours, I., 350

Beauharnais, Louise de, saves her husband from death, I., 318-320

Beaujolais Theatre, I. 183

Beaumarchais, and his Marriage of Figaro, I., 44-46, 67; builds the Théâtre du Marais, 67; his Mère Coupable, 67; imprisoned at St. Lazare, II., 142

Beaumarchais, Boulevard, I., 43, 46, 47, 67

Beaumarchais Theatre, I., 43, 67

Beaupré, Mlle., on dramatic literature, I., 174

Beauvais, Hôtel de, I., 283

Beauvoir, Roger de, I., 291

Bedford, Duke of, and the funeral of Charles VI., I., 98; II., 94

Beggars: on the Pont-Neuf, I., 38, 39; organised into troops, II., 324; penalties in the Middle Ages, 324; and the General Hospital, 325; and Louis XV., 326; at the Revolution, 326; as professionals, 326; anecdotes, 327; employment in prison, 330; Homes and Retreats, 331; “bureaux,” 333

Béjard, Armande, wife of Molière, I., 173; II., 291

Béjard, Madeleine, I., 173; II., 291

Bélanger, the architect, I., 84; builds the Hôtel de Brancas and proposes marriage to Sophie Arnould, 127, 129; appeals to the Government on Sophie Arnould’s behalf, 129

Belleville, I., 335

Belleyme, M. de, Prefect of Police, I., 275; II., 18

Beltard, the architect, I., 315

Benedictines, Church and Monastery of, I., 306; II., 90

Béranger, Statue of, I., 303; Benjamin Constant’s opinion of his songs, 303

Bercy, Bridge de, II., 33

Bergeret, Communist leader, II., 357

Bernhardt, Sarah, I., 182

Bernini, and his designs for the completion of the Louvre, I., 198

Berri, Duke of, Assassination of, I., 70, 71, 76, 86, 90; his widow inaugurates the Ambigu-Comique Theatre, 86; his double marriage, 90; his children born in England committed to the care of the Duchess, 91; burial-place, 100; II., 97, 98; alarmed at fireworks, I., 144, 145

Berry, Duchess of, II., 111

Berryer, lieutenant of police, I., 273, 275; II., 17

Berryer, Statue of, in the Palais de Justice, I., 258; defends Louis Napoleon, II., 124

Berthe, Queen, I., 42

Béthisy, Rue de, I., 3

Beyle, Henri, Monument to, I., 324

Bèze, Theodore de, II., 39

Bicêtre Asylum, I., 63; origin of name and its history, II., 211, 212; approach, population, departments, and canteen, 212; great well, workshops, library, and inmates, 213; disturbances, 213, 214; “Monsieur l’Abbé” and his painting, 214; epileptics, idiots, and criminal lunatics, 214; story of Latude, 214; story of the four sergeants of La Rochelle, 218-221; insurrections, 221; massacre at the Reign of Terror, 222; reforms of Pinel, 222

Bièvre, River, II., 225

Birds, Convent of the, II., 196

Biron, Duc de, and the belief in magic, I., 17; and the arrest of the Young Pretender, 63

Biron, Marshal de, in the Bastille, I., 47

Bismarck, Count, and General de Wimpffen, II., 360

Blanc, Louis, and the death of Armand Carrel, I., 62; his account of the Boulogne expedition, II., 117, 118

Blanche, Queen, II., 157

Blaze, M. Castil, on the proximity of the Salle Montansier to the National Library, I., 86

Blind Children, Institution for, II., 198

Blind men, Orchestra of, I., 110

Bohemians: described by Béranger and Balzac, I., 365; described by Montépin, 366; two generations, 366, 367; Henri Mürger’s “Vie de Bohème,” 367; anecdote told by Grenville Murray, 368; at the Café Momus, 110

Boieldieu, his residence, I., 111

Boiling of coiners, I., 3

Bois de Boulogne, I., 221-223; II., 287

Boisgerard effects the escape of Sir Sidney Smith from the Temple, I., 72, 73

Bologne, Jean de, and the statue of Henry IV., I., 31

Bonaparte, Lucien, and the Place des Vosges, I., 310

Bondi, Rue de, and its theatres, I., 85, 86

Bonne Nouvelle Bazaar, I., 103

Bonne Nouvelle Boulevard, I., 103

Bonvalet’s restaurant, and his supply of food during the siege of Paris, I., 85

Bookstalls, II., 255

Books, Burning, I., 40, 252; proscription of, 40, 126, 187-189

Booksellers and the king’s library, I., 190

Bookselling, I., 124, 125

Bordeaux, Duke of. (See Chambord, Count of)

Bornier, Vicomte de, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290

Bosc, Pastor du, II., 42

Bossuet preaching at La Salpêtrière, II., 211

Bouchardon, Edmé, Fountain by, II., 238

Bouffar, Mlle. Zulma, I., 93

Bouillé, M. de, and the flight of Louis XVI., I., 211, 214

Bouillon, Chevalier de, and masked balls, I., 139

Bouillon, Duchess of, and Adrienne Lecouvreur, I., 3, 182, 183

Boulanger, General, and the Naval and Military Club, I., 140

Boule and the inlaid furniture of the Louvre, I., 198, 199

Boulevard: Beaumarchais, I., 43, 46, 47, 67; Bonne Nouvelle, 43, 103; Bourdon, 282, 290; Capucines, 43, 130, 132; St. Denis, 43, 93; des Filles du Calvaire, 43; des Italiens, 11, 43, 115, 126, 127; Madeleine, 43, 142; St. Martin, 43, 93; Montmartre, 43, 104; du Palais, 264, 269; Poissonnière, 43, 103; du Prince Eugène, 302; Sebastopol, 95, 292, 293; Strasbourg, 95; du Temple, 43, 70, 85. Et passim.

Boulevards, Formation of, I., 7; description of, 43; reflecting the history of Paris, 166; their restaurants and theatres, 43; upper and lower, 43

Boulogne expedition, II., 116-124

Boundaries of Paris, I., 103

Bourbon, Duchess of, and the Élysée Palace, I., 218

Bourbons, Burial-places of, I., 100; II., 97

Bourdon, Boulevard, I., 282, 290

Bourdon, Colonel, I., 290

Bourg, Du, Execution of, I., 287; II., 38

Bourgeois, Nicholas, I., 139

Bourgogne, Marguerite, Blanche, and Jeanne de, punishments inflicted upon them, II., 62

Boursault-Malesherbes and the Théâtre des Sans-Culottes, I., 298

Bourse, The: architecture, I., 191; origin of word, 191; its first location and subsequent history, 192; taken from the Communists, 359

Bourse, Petite, The, I., 192

Boute-Feu, Jean, and his fireworks, I., 146

Bouteville, Count de, his duels and his execution, I., 349

Bouvet, Father, his presentation of Chinese books to the Royal Library, I., 190

Brandus, M., Outrage at residence of, I., 115

Bread collectors, II., 260

Breton Club, afterwards Society of the Friends of the Constitution, I., 162

Breret de dame and the attendance of unmarried ladies at the opera, I., 89, 90

Bridge: Arts, II., 34; Austerlitz, 33, 34; de Bercy, 33; Jena, 33; Latournelle, 34; Louis Philippe, 34; Saint-Louis, 34; Marie, 34; “Napoleon III.,” 33; National, Solferino, De la Cour. Alma, &c., 34; Neuf, 34

Brie, La, Sorcerers of, I., 42

Brissot and his library, II., 108

Brosse, Guy de la, and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147

Brosse, Jacques de, and the Luxemburg Palace, II., 111

Bruce, Heart of, II., 93

Brun, Lesueur le, I., 291

Bruno, St., and the funeral of Raimond Diocre, I., 13, 14

Buffon, preservation of his heart and brain, II., 92, 93; his administration of the Jardin des Plantes, 148, 149

Bugeaud, General, and his interview with Abd-el-Kader, I., 75, 76

Bull-fighting, I., 335

Bureau of Judicial Assistance, I., 260

“Bureaux of Beneficence,” II., 333

Burgundy, Duke of, Assassination of, I., 2

Burial of Kings, I., 98-102, 314; II., 94, 99

Burning, Jews, I., 3; sorcerers, 3, 42; magicians, 15, 42; books, 40, 252; witches, 40; Waldenses, 42; Protestants, 286; II., 71, 72; lunatics, 207

Butchers, II., 308, 316

Butte Saint-Roch, The, and Joan of Arc I., 2, 159

“Cabochiens,” their attack on the Conciergerie, II., 134

Cadoudal, George, Vendean chief, his career, I., 313, 314

Cadran Bleu Restaurant, I., 85

Café: Anglais, I., 123; des Aveugles, I., 110; “Cannon of the Bastille,” I., 46; Cardinal, I., 115; Foy, I., 109, 110; Frascati, I., 106; Leinblin, I., 110, 167; Littéraire, I., 107, 108; des Milles Colonnes, I., 115; Momus, I., 110, 111; d’Orsay, II., 236; de Paris, I., 127; Porte Montmartre, I., 103; Procope, I., 10, 108, 109; de la Régence, I., 109; Riche, I., 122; Tortoni, I., 126; Turc, I., 80; Valois, I., 110

Café concerts, I., 80

Cafés of Paris, I., 83; indicative of political and other changes in French history, 107; literary, 108, 109; after the Revolution, 110; in the days of the Restoration, 122; disappearance of old specimens, 122; originally wine-shops, 122

Calvin in Paris, I., 286; as a student, 337; II., 36

Canal of Saint-Martin, II., 34

Cannon, fired by the sun, I., 47; specimens in the Artillery Museum, II., 87, 88

“Cannon of the Bastille” Café, I., 46

Capet Dynasty, Advent of, I., 7

Capuchins, The, and Rue d’Enfer, or Hell Street, I., 4

Capucines, Boulevard, I., 130, 132

Carafa, his residence, I., 111

Cardinal, Café, I., 115

Carmelites, Shoeless, II., 247

Carmes, The Couvent des, II., 71

Carnavalet, Hôtel, I., 310; II., 160

Carrel, Armand, killed in a duel with De Girardin, I., 62, 352

Carriages, II., 30, 31

Castiglione, Rue, I., 158

Castle of Chambord, II., 303-305

Catacombs: formerly quarries, II., 99; removal of remains from cemeteries, 99, 100; admission of visitors, 100; number of human relics deposited, 101

Catherine II. and Diderot, II., 246

Catherine de Médicis, her credulity, I., 16, 42; and Cosmo Ruggieri, 16; and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 22; II., 39; her collection of books, I., 189; and the Louvre, 195; and the Palace of the Tuileries, 206; and the Huguenots, II., 39

Catherine de la Rochelle, I., 160

Cavaignac, General, II., 248, 249

Cavaignac, Godefroi, his monument, I., 342

Cazotte, Jacques, his trial and execution, I., 259

Cecilia, St., Festival of, I., 315

Cemeteries, I., 333-335, 342; II., 250

Censorship of books, I., 126; II., 180; and Francis I., I., 187; opinion of Mercier, 188, 189

Censorship of the drama, II., 181-184; under Louis XI, 181; under Louis XIII. and Louis XIV., 182; and Athalie, Esther, and the Marriage of Figaro, 182; under the Republic and the Restoration, 183; its abolition, 183; re-established, 183, 184

Central Depôt of Artillery, II., 238

Central markets, I., 314-318; II., 166, 167

Central Paris, I., 281-326

“Cercle des Deux Mondes,” I., 126

Chamber of Deputies, II., 231, 232

Chamber of Peers, II., 112, 130

Chambord, Count of, Funeral of, I., 100; discussion on his legitimacy, 222, 223; and the Count of Paris, II., 305

Chamousset and l’Institution Sainte-Périne, II., 331

Champ de Mars: its original use, I., 229; historical events, 230, 231; national celebration, 231, 232; Altar of Patriotism, 232, 233; massacre by troops and execution of Bailly, 234; Festival of the Supreme Being, 234, 235; military and other celebrations, 235; as a racecourse, 235; the annex of the exhibition of 1867, 235

Champfleury, I., 110

Champs Élysées, I., 11; and the triumphal arch, 59, 218, 224, 225; as a pleasure resort, 224; amusements, 226, 229; exhibitions, 229

Chapelle, Ste., The Church of: its founder and its historical associations, I., 264; upper and lower chapels, 265; statue of Virgin and the painted windows, 266; Saint Louis and Blanche de Castille, 267

Chapelain, author of “La Pucelle,” burial-place, I., 294

Charbonniers, II., 218

Charenton Asylum, I., 63: date of foundation and history, II., 223, 224; as a house of detention, and the administrations of M. de Coulmier and Roulhac du Maupas, 223; rebuilt, 223; surroundings, 223, 224; internal system, number of inmates, and the patronage of Empress Eugénie, 224; amusements, 225

Charlemagne, Statue of, I., 278

Charles V., speech against Charles the Mischievous, King of Navarre, I., 2; and the Louvre, 194

Charles VI., Funeral of, I., 98; II., 94; and the Louvre, I., 194; and the municipality of Paris, 243; and the Palais de Justice, 250; his madness, II., 157

Charles VII. and Joan of Arc’s support, I., 2; and Agnes Sorel, 64

Charles IX. firing upon the Huguenots, I., 2, 26, 196; II., 40; his share in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22; II., 40; misled by the queen, I., 23; his avowal in Parliament after the massacre of Protestants, 27; II., 40

Charles X.: suppression of newspapers, I., 2; burial, 102; preservation of his heart, II., 91

Charolais, Comte de, alarmed at fireworks, I., 145

Chartres, Duke of. (See Égalité, Philippe)

Chasseurs, The, I., 59, 64, 75

Château: de Madrid, I., 222; de la Muette, 223; Rouge, II., 72, 73

Château d’Eau, Theatre, I., 85; Place du, 84

Châtelet Theatre, Du, I., 291, 292

Châtelet-Laumont, Marquis du, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291

Chateaubriand on the Duke of Berri’s English family, I., 91; on the Jacobins, 163

Chaumette, M., and Notre Dame, I., 14; and the Opéra under the Republic, 88; his execution, 150

Chaussée d’Antin, The, at the end of the eighteenth century, I., 2

Chenier, André, imprisoned at St. Lazare, II., 142

Chermoye, Philippe, Assassination of, II., 89

Chérubini and the Conservatory of Music, I., 335

Chess-players at the Café de la Régence, I., 109

Cheval Blanc, Hôtel du, II., 108

Chevalier represents the Man of Destiny at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92

Chevalier, Michel, I., 119; his imprisonment, 120

Chevreuil, M., and the flowers in the Jardin des Plantes, II., 151; and the Gobelins, 228

Children, Hospital for, II., 196; institution for blind, 198; imported to Paris from Italy, 328

Children’s Asylum, II., 101, 102

Chinese books in the Royal Library, I., 190

Choiseul, Hôtel, I., 126

Christmas, Saturnalia in churches at, I., 226-228

Christmas cards, I., 113

Church of, St. Bartholomew, I., 269; the Benedictines, I., 306; II., 90; St. Denis, I., 7; II., 94; St. Éloi, I., 284; St. Étienne-du-Mont, II., 66; St. Eustace, I., 5, 314, 315; Ste. Geneviève, I., 10; II., 59, 62; St. Germain l’Auxerrois, I., 2, 22, 26, 27; II., 29; St. Germain-des-Prés, I., 7; II., 170, 171; St. Leu-Saint-Gilles, I., 312-314; St. Louis, I., 291; St. Louis and St. Paul, I., 284; Madeleine, I., 11, 142, 143; St. Méry, I., 93, 293, 294; St. Nicholas-in-the-Fields, I., 299; Notre-Dame, I., 3, 4-19; Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, I., 340; St. Roch, I., 158, 159; Sacred Heart, I., 340; St. Sulpice, II., 171-173; Val de Grâce, II., 90, 91

Churches and chapels, English, II., 11, 43

Cigar-ends, Collectors of, II., 259, 260

Circus, opened by the Astleys, I., 73; of the Faubourg du Temple, 74; in the Boulevard des Filles de Calvaire, 76; of the Prince Imperial, 85

Circus-women, II., 19, 20

Cirque d’Hiver opened under the title of Cirque Napoleon, I., 73

Civic tribunal. The, I., 261

Clairon, Mlle., imprisoned in the Bastille, I., 56; her residence in the Marais, 67; II., 175; passion of M. de S---- for her, I., 129, 130

Claque, The: origination, II, 261; at the Restoration, and its organisation, 262; its utility, 264

Clausel, Marshal, I., 94

Clergy, their right to fight duels, I., 346; their corruption in the thirteenth century, II., 61

Clichy, Prison of, I., 342, 343

Clock in the Arsenal Library, I., 290

Club: Agricultural, II., 237; des Armées, I., 140; Artistique et Littéraire, I., 140; Breton, I., 162; des Deux Mondes, I., 126; des Éclaireurs, I., 140; Dramatic Critics’, I., 103; Le Grand, I., 111, 126, 139; Impérial, I., 140; Jacobin, I., 162; Jockey, I., 111, 139; Mirlitons, I., 140; de la Presse, I., 139; Railway, I., 139; de la Rue Royale, I., 140; Sporting, I., 140; de Terre et de Mer, I., 140; Union, I., 140; Washington, I., 140; Workmen’s, II., 71; Yacht, I., 139

Clubs, Management and facilities of, I., 141, 142

Cluny, Hôtel, origin and history, II., 74-82; collection of curiosities and objects of art, 76-82

Cobblers, II., 266

Cocher, The, various types of, II., 1, 2

Cockneys, Parisian, II., 27

Coffee, its introduction into Europe, I., 82; the rage in Parisian society, 83

Coiners, Boiling of, I., 3

Colbert appointed to complete the Louvre, I., 198; his tomb in the church of Saint-Eustache, I., 315

Coligny, Admiral, place of death, I., 3; plot for his assassination, 22; flattered by the king and queen, and wounded by Maurevel, 23; his murder, 24; daughter married to the Prince of Orange, 27

Coligny and Guise, Quarrels between the houses of, I., 349

College of France, II., 44, 45, 47; Du Plessis, 47; of Clermont, 47; of Dace, 71; of Soissons, 71; of the Lombards, 71

Colonne, M., I., 76

Column of Austerlitz, I., 155; removal of the statue of Napoleon, 156; erection of a new statue of Napoleon in 1833 and of another by Napoleon III., 156, 157; pulled down by the Commune, 157; re-established in 1875, 157, 158

Comédie Française, I., 103, 108, 109; and the Richelieu Theatre, 167; its history, 172-186; II., 110

Comédie Italienne, I., 175

Commercial Exchange, I., 318

Communards set fire to the Palais Royal, I., 168; of 1871, II., 355-361

Commune, The, and the fortifications of Paris, I., 8

Concerts started by Pasdeloup, I., 76

Conciergerie, The: I., 263; II., 131; its associations, 134; custodians, 134; attack of the “Cabochiens,” 134; dungeons, 134, 135; partly burned, 135; massacre of September, 135; inmates at the Revolution and tortures in the Bombec Tower, 136

Concorde, Place de la, extent and boundaries, I., 143; history, 143-154; Louis XV. and his statue, 143, 146; accident from fireworks in 1770, 146; formerly the Place de la Révolution, 146; and the execution of Louis XVI., 146-150; executions of Marie Antoinette, Philippe Égalité, Charlotte Corday, Madame Élizabeth, the Girondists, and others, 150; also formerly called Place Louis XVI., 152; fountains, obelisk, &c., 154; occupied by Russian and Prussian troops, 154

Condé, Prince de, Death of, I., 22; his abjuration, 290; fidelity to Protestantism, II., 39

Confessional, The, and the State, I., 33

Congé de la Bataille, I., 346, 347

Conservatoire de Musique, I., 90, 135, 335

Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, I., 293, 300-302

Constant, Benjamin, Duel fought by, I., 351; and the songs of Béranger, 303

Constitution, Signing of the, by Louis XVI., I., 87

Contat, Mlle., and Prince Henry of Prussia, I., 35, 36; in the Marriage of Figaro, 45; her love-affair with De Lubsac and the loss of her jewels, 104, 105

Continental, Hôtel, I., 158

Convent of the White Cloaks, I., 306; of the Holy Sepulchre, 314; of Penitent Girls, 318; Des Carmes, II., 71; of the Good Shepherd, 102; of the Cordeliers, 106; of Les Filles de la Mère-Dieu, 139; in the street of Les Petits Augustins, 175; of the Birds, 196

Convention, Learning under the, I., 90; its procedure, II., 234

Convulsionnaires, The, I., 47

Cooks and cooking, I., 123; in comedy, 372; opinion of Brillat-Savarin, 372; in the 17th century, 374; schools, 374; and a certain archbishop, 374; in the reign of Louis XV., 374, 375; and Mme. de Maintenon and Scarron, 375, 376; the “epigram” dish and anecdote of Carême, 376; and the “cordon bleu,” II., 22

Coqueley, M., and the Marriage of Figaro, I., 44

Corday, Charlotte, Execution of, I., 150

Cordeliers, I., 162; Convent of the, II., 106

Corn supply, II., 313, 314

Corneille, Tomb of, I., 158; estrangement with Molière, 174; and the Comédie Française, 172-175

Corneille, Hôtel, II., 109

Council of Elders, II., 231

Council of the Five Hundred, II., 231

Cour des Miracles, I., 3

Courtyard of the Dragon, II., 247

Crébillon, II., 72

Crematorium in the Cemetery of Père-Lachaise, I., 335

Crémeries, I., 318

Criminal population, II., 320-323

Criminals, tortured, I., 4

Croissant, Jean Douet de Romp, his scheme for the abolition of mendicancy, II., 325

Cultelli, Procopio, founder of the Café Procope, I., 108

Cuvier and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150

Czartoryski, Prince, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291

Dagobert, King, Tomb of, I., 102; II., 98

Daily News, Office of, I., 140

Daily Telegraph, Office of, I., 140

D’Aligre and Latude, II., 215, 216

D’Amboise, Jacques, and the Hôtel Cluny, II., 74

Dame aux Camélias, La, I., 131

Dames Augustines, The, I., 279

“Dames de la Halle,” II., 315

Damien, Father, I., 80

Damiens, Penance, torture and execution of, I., 17, 18, 39, 79

D’Ancre, Marshal, mutilation of his body before the statue of Henry IV., I., 31

D’Anglas, Boissy, and the Breton Club, I., 162

D’Anjou, Quai, I., 291

D’Antichamp, Marquis, and the Revolution of 1830, I., 170

Danton and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88; his execution, 150; place of residence, II., 108

D’Antraigues, Count and Countess, their assassination, I., 325, 326

Darboy, Monseigneur, Archbishop of Paris, put to death by the Commune, II., 66, 358

D’Argenson, M., and the Arsenal Library, I., 290

D’Arlincourt, Viscount, his romances, II., 238, 239

D’Armagnac, Jacques, I., 47

D’Artois, Count, Tennis-ground of, I., 84

Daubenton, Monument to, II., 150

Daudet, M. Alphonse, and the Académie Française, I., 38

David, his picture of the coronation of Napoleon, I., 21; and the Temple of Terpsichore, 128, 129; and the Louvre Picture Gallery, 203

David, Félicien, composer, I., 119

Davison, Mr. J. W., I., 115

Day-bankers, II., 260

Dazincourt in the Marriage of Figaro, I., 45

Deaf and Dumb Institutions, II., 89, 90, 199-201

Deaf-mutes, number in France, II., 200; ancient disregard for them and the work of Abbé de l’Épee, 202

Debtors, Imprisonment of, I., 342, 343; II., 139

Déjazet, Mlle., I., 84

Déjazet Theatre, I., 84

Delacroix, Eugène, his picture in the church of St. Louis and St. Paul, I., 284

Delaroche, Paul, Burial-place of, I., 342

Delavau, Prefect of Police, and the spy system, I., 274, 275; II., 18

Delille, Abbé, his lines on the Palais Royal, I., 167

D’Enfer, Rue, I., 4; II., 90; and the entrance to the Catacombs, 101; and the residences of artists, 106

D’Enghien, Duc, Arrest and execution of, I., 59, 60

Denis, St., Boulevard, I., 93

Denis, St., Church of, I., 7; II., 94

Denis, St., Martyrdom of, I., 7

Denis, St., Necropolis of, I., 98-102

Denis, St., Porte, I., 98

Denis, St., Rue, I., 311, 312

D’Ennery, M. Adolphe, I., 93

D’Epernon, M., I., 34

D’Épinay, Mme., and Rousseau, II., 285

Désaugiers, his lines on the Palais Royal, I., 167

Desault, Dr., attends the “Dauphin” in the Temple, I., 71

Desmoulins, Camille, plucking leaves in the Palais Royal gardens, I., 2, 48; his call to arms, 47; and the attack on the Bastille, 51, 109; his execution, 150; as a student, 357; his pamphlet, “La Lanterne,” II., 30

D’Étaples, Lefèvre, his Reformation doctrines, I., 286; II., 36

Deux Mondes, Club des, I., 126

Diana of France and the Hôtel Lamoignon, I., 68, 309

Diderot, burial-place, I., 159; II., 246; early life in Paris, 242; love affairs, 243; imprisonment in the Château de Vincennes, 244; and Rousseau, 244; and the “Encyclopædia,” 245; and Catherine II., 246

Diocre, Raimond, Funeral in Notre-Dame of, I., 13

Diplomatists as agents for operatic celebrities, I., 74

Dog-fighting, I., 335

Doge of Genoa, visit to Paris, I., 3

Domes of Paris, The, I., 5

Domestic servants, II., 20-23

Dominicans, Convent of, II., 238

Donizetti’s operas, I., 135

Dorval, Mme., at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92, 182

Dramas, place where first acted, I., 2; performed in Notre-Dame, 19; under the Reign of Terror, 88

Dramatic censorship, II., 181-184

Dramatic Critics’ Club, I., 103

Drawing, School of, II., 106

Dress in Paris, I., 10

Druot, Hôtel, II., 256

Dubois, Cardinal, Anecdote of, I., 114; II., 22

Ducamp, M. Maxime, his statistics of prisons, II., 144

Duels: at Vincennes, I., 59, 61-63; in the Place Royale, 69, 349; ancient compared with modern, 345; ancient regulations, 346; judicial, 346; in the sixteenth century, 347, 348; between ladies, 349; causes, 349; notable cases, 350, 351; anecdotes, 353, 354; of journalists, II., 272, 273

Dugazon in the Marriage of Figaro, I., 45

Dumas, the elder, Alexandre, fights a duel with Gaillardet, I., 63; his answers to a judge, 63; performance of his Antony, 181, 182

Dumouriez and the conspiracy against the life of the First Consul, I., 60

Dupin, M., farmer-general, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291

Duplessis, Marie, and the Dame aux Camélias, I., 130; her death, 131

Dupuis, the actor, I., 84

Dupuytren, Dr., and the assassination of the Duke of Berri, I., 90, 91; II., 250

Duval, Alexander, I., 177

Duveyrier, dramatist, I., 119; his imprisonment, 120

École Militaire, I., 230

Edgeworth, Abbé, his account of the last moments and execution of Louis XVI., I., 146-150; his account of his flight from Paris, &c., II., 298-300; letter from Louis XVIII., 301, 302; fidelity to the royal family and his death, 302

Edict of Nantes, its concessions, II., 41; its revocation, I., 3; II., 42

Education, II., 44-53

Égalité, Philippe, his execution, I., 150; voting for the death of Louis XVI., 151; II., 234; and the Palais Royal, I., 166; and the Breton Club, I., 162

Eiffel Tower, The, I., 238, 239

Electric cafés, I., 108

Eloi, St., Church of, I., 284

Élysée Palace, I., 218, 219

Emigration, The, II., 295-303

Empereur Joseph, Hôtel, II., 109

“Encyclopædia,” The, consigned to the Bastille by Louis XV., I., 55, 125; and Diderot, II., 245

Enfantin, Le Père, head of the Saint-Simonians, I., 119; his prosecution and imprisonment, 120; his memoirs, 290

English in Paris, The: a picture in Punch, II., 9; contrasted with the French in London, 10; traits drawn by M. Lemoinne, 10, 11; manners of ladies, 11; interest in religious matters, 11; dress of women, 12

English dining-places and hotels in Paris, I., 123

Epileptics, Treatment of, II., 214

Escapes of prisoners, II., 141, 142

Étienne, Robert, his editions of the Scriptures, II., 178, 179

Étienne-du-Mont, St., Church of, II., 66

Eugène III., Pope, and the dispute at the church of Saint-Geneviève, II., 59

Eugène, du Prince, Boulevard, I., 302

Eustace, St., Church of, I., 5, 314, 315

Executioner of Lyons, The, and the slaughter of Huguenots, I., 27

Executioner, Public: salary and dress, I., 39, 331; at the theatre, 88; in early times, 330; perquisites, 330, 331; “Monsieur de Paris,” 331; beheading dummies, 331; sometimes physicians, 332; incident of Victor of Nîmes, 332

Executions outside La Roquette prison, II., 134

Exhibitions, Universal, I., 224, 236-239

Eyck, Van, Picture at the Palais de Justice by, I., 256

Fabroni, the magician, I., 17

Fagon, Dr., and his administration of the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147

Fairs, II., 308

Famines in Paris, I., 3; II., 311, 313

Fargeau, Lepelletier St., his assassination, II., 234

Farmers-General, The, I., 7

Favart, Charles Simon, and his performances before the army, I., 118

Favart, Mme., and the Salle Favart, I., 117; and Marshal Saxe, 118

Feast of Reason, I., 15

Fencing schools, II., 257-259

Férier, Jean, a leader in the massacre of the Huguenots, I., 27

Ferrières, Château of Baron do Rothschild at, I., 339

Fersen, Count de, and the flight of Louis XVI., I., 211

Feuillants, I., 162

Fieschi, his attempt on the life of Louis Philippe, I., 76-78; II., 112-114; guillotined, I., 79; his mistress exhibited at a café, 83

Filles de la Mère-Dieu, Les, Convent of, II., 139

Fine Arts, School of, II., 175, 176

Fiorentino, Paolo, his duel with Achard, I., 61

Fire Brigade, its organisation, I., 270

Fire-arms in the Artillery Museum, II., 87, 88

Fireworks, Duke of Berri alarmed by, I., 144, 145; accident at a display of, 146

Flamel, Nicholas, librarian to the University of Paris, I., 283; his house, II., 158

Flesselles, De, Provost of Paris, I., 48, 243

Flollo and his duel with King Arthur, I., 277

Flower-girls, II., 7

Flower-market, in the Place de la République, I., 84; in the Place de la Madeleine, 142; in the Place Saint-Sulpice, 173

Folies Dramatiques Theatre, I., 85

Folies Saint-Germain Theatre, II., 89

Fontaine, La, and his mock duel, I., 354

Food, Supply of, II., 310-315

Footman, A speculative, I., 295

Force, Caumont de la, attempts to bribe assassins on St. Bartholomew’s Day, I., 26; and the grocer’s shop, 295

Force, La, prison, and recalcitrant actresses, I., 56, 58; II., 210

Fort l’Évêque, I., 56

Fortifications of Paris, planned by M. Thiers, I., 7, 8; their arming in 1870, II., 348

Fortress of John the Fearless, I., 318

Fortunatus, Venantius, and the glass windows of Notre-Dame, I., 14

Fouché and his spy system, I., 274; II., 18

Fould, M. Achille, I., 192

Foundlings, Home for, II., 102

Fountain, in the Place de la République, I., 84; of the Innocents, 312

Fouquet, Superintendent of Finances, imprisoned in the Bastille, I., 47

Foy, Café, I., 109, 110

Fragonard, artist, decorates the Temple of Terpsichore, I., 128

Français, Théâtre, I., 11, 44-46, 111

Francis I., Cost of obsequies of, I., 98; his dislike of printed books, 187; his collection of MSS., 189; and the Louvre, 195; and the Château de Madrid, 222; lays first stone of the Hôtel de Ville, 242; and the burning of Protestants, 287; secret rendezvous, II., 158

Francis II., and the Louvre, I., 195; and the persecution of Protestants, II., 38

Franconi takes over Astley’s Circus in Paris, I., 74

Francs-tireurs, I., 66; II., 351, 352

Frascati’s gambling-house, I., 104-106

Frederick the Great, and the importance of Paris as a capital, I., 1; and his knowledge of the French language, 36

French in London, The, II., 10

Fréron on the luxurious life of dramatic authors, I., 175

Frescoes in the church of Saint-Eustache, I., 315

Frogs, Eating, II., 167, 168

Fulton, Robert, and his panoramas, I., 103

Funerals, Royal, I., 98-102, 314; II., 94-99

Furniture in the Cluny Museum, II., 82

Gabriel, architect for the completion of the Louvre, I., 199

Gaillardet, M., fights a duel with Alexandre Dumas the elder, I., 63

Gaieté Theatre, I., 302, 303

Gaiety, National, II., 24; anecdotes of, 24-27

Gambetta, his monument, I., 217

Gambling, at the gambling-house of Frascati, I., 104-106; at the Palais Royal, 167

Garamond, Claude, II., 178

Gardens, of Frascati’s gambling-house, I., 106; of the Luxemburg, II., 130

Garnier, Charles, architect of the New Opéra, I., 138

Gassendi, his burial-place, I., 299

Gautier, Théophile, his residence, I., 291

Gavaudin, Mlle., opera-singer, sent to prison, I., 58

General Post Office, and Lavalette, I., 318-321; adoption and circulation of postcards, 322; organisation, 321, 322

Geneviève, Ste., Church of, I., 10; II., 59, 62; Hill of, I., 3, 10; jest of the Abbé of, I., 99

Genius and madness, II., 211

Georges, Mlle., at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92

Geoffroy Lasnier, Rue, I., 290

Gérard, the assassin of the Prince of Orange, I., 79

Germain, St., Market of, II., 171

Germain l’Auxerrois, St., Church of; and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 2, 22, 26; and the marriage of the Duc de Joyeuse and Marguerite of Lorraine, 27; and the excommunication of the Emperor Frederick, II., 29

Germain-des-Prés, St., Church of, I., 7; antiquity and origin, II., 170; history, 170, 171; monastery attached to it, 171

Gibbet, The, II., 315

Girardin, De, kills Armand Carrel in a duel, I., 62; visits Carrel’s grave, 63, 352

Girls corrupted at St. Lazare, II., 144

Girondists, Hall of the, I., 263

Gluck, his arrival in Paris, I., 135

Gobelins, The: origin, II., 225; articles produced, and the directors, 226; tapestry, 226-228; and M. Chevreuil, 228; masterpieces, 228

Good Shepherd, Convent of the, II., 102

Gordon, Mme., and Louis Napoleon’s Strasburg expedition, I., 95

Güritz, Bourbons buried at, I., 100; II., 97

Goujon, Jean, sculptor of the Louvre, I., 195, 310, 312

Gounod’s operas, I., 138

Government offices, II., 237

Grand Cercle, The, I., 111

Grand Châtelet, The, I., 291, 292

Grand Prix, I., 226

Grandjean, surgeon to Louis XVI., I., 72

Granier, Mlle. Jeanne, I., 93

Graveron, Mme. de, her execution, I., 287

Greasy pole, Climbing the, I., 226

Grenier-sur-l’eau, Rue, I., 291

Gribeauval, General de, creator of modern artillery, II., 83

Grimm on the first performances of the Marriage of Figaro, I., 44; and Diderot, II., 245, 246

Gros-Chenet, Rue du, place of burning for sorcerers, I., 3

“Guardian Angels,” II., 260

Guénégaud Theatre, I., 174

Guilds, I., 300, 301

Guillotine: its introduction, I., 4, 327; in the Place de la Revolution, 146; its victims during the Reign of Terror, 150; its inventor, 327; subject of a song, 328; and Dr. Louis, 328, 329; its first victims, 329; various sites, 329; as a toy, 329; improvements, 330; the executioner, 330-332; burial-place of victims, 333; shed where first experiments were made, II., 108

Guimard, Madeleine, mass at Notre-Dame for her broken arm, I., 19; and the fire at Porte Saint-Martin Opera House, 86; her Temple of Terpsichore, 127

Guise, Duke of, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22, 26; and the murder of Coligny, 24

Guise and Coligny, Quarrels between the houses of, I., 349

Guttenberg, Statue of, I., 307

Gymnase Theatre: opened under the patronage of the Duchess of Berri, I., 103; notable productions, 103

Hackney coaches, I., 262; II., 1, 2, 30, 31

Halles, The, site of, I., 2

Handel and the overtures of De Maurepas for performances in Paris, I., 74

Hanging for felony, I., 327

Haussmann, Baron, restores the Musée Carnavalet, I., 67, 310

Hawkers of books, I., 125

Haye, M. de la, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291

Heart of St. Louis, The, I., 102

Hearts of Kings, Preservation of, I., 102; II., 91

Heaume, Hôtel du, I., 315

Hébert, M., and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88

“Hedge Schools,” I., 287

Heine, Heinrich, I., 1; his letters on Paris and other works, II., 292; his satire, 293; on Victor Hugo and Rothschild, 294

Henri, the historian, burial-place, I., 299

Henriot, M., and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88

Henry II. mortally wounded in the Rue Saint-Antoine, I., 2, 68; and his library, 190; and the Louvre, 195; his Protestant victims, 286; II., 38; and duelling, I., 347

Henry III., name erased from the prayers of the Church, I., 16; and the marriage of Duc de Joyeuse and Margaret of Lorraine, 27, 28; lays first stone of Pont-Neuf, 30; his murder by Jacques Clèment, 76

Henry IV., statue on the Pont-Neuf, I., 3, 31; chief of the Protestant party when Prince of Béarn, 22; and the Pont-Neuf, 31; character and assassination of, 31, 34; his monument destroyed and afterwards re-erected, 35; his burial-place, 100; and duelling, 349

Henry VI. of England crowned King of France in Notre-Dame, I., 15

Henry of Prussia, Prince, and Mlle. Contat, I., 36

Heralds, their proclamations in ancient times, I., 3

Hermits of Saint-William, I., 306

Hernani, its first production, I., 179-181

Hérouard, Dr., and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147

Hilaire, Geoffroy St., and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150

Holy Sepulchre, Convent of the, I., 314

Homes and Retreats for the indigent, II., 331

Horn, Count, I., 298

Horse-market in the park of the Hôtel des Tournelles, I., 69

Hospice de la Reconnaissance, II., 331

Hospital: (Hôtel) Dieu, I., 278-280; for incurables, II., 195; for sick children, 196; de la Charité, 204-206; La Pitié, 206

Hospitals, their administration, I., 276; system, II., 193-195; funds, 204

Hôtel: de Beauvais, I., 283; Carnavalet, I., 310; II., 160; du Cheval Blanc, II., 108; Choiseul, I., 126; Cluny, II., 73; Continental, I., 158; Corneille, II., 109; Drouet, 256; l’Empereur Joseph, II., 109; du Heaume, I., 315; Lambert, I., 291; Lamoignon, I., 68, 309; St. Lomenie de Brienne et Loutrec, II., 177, 237, 238; St. Paul, II., 158; de Ranes, II., 174; du Rhin, I., 158; de Rohan, I., 304; de Salm, II., 236, 237; de Sens, I., 35; II., 158; de Soissons, I., 318; de Soubise, I., 304; de Torpane, II., 160

Hôtel-Dieu: its founder, I., 278; its rebuilding, cost, accommodation, &c., 278; and the Dames Augustines, 279; as described by Mercier, 279, 280

Hôtel des Invalides: arms seized by insurgents, I., 50; opinion of Montesquieu, II., 185; history, 185, 186; edict of Henry IV., 186; the edict of 1870, 186; and Louis XIV. and Mme. de Maintenon, 187; visit of Peter the Great, 188; jokes of the inmates, 188, 189; Napoleon and the anniversary of the taking of the Bastille, 190; characteristics of the pensioners, 190, 191; triumphal battery and tomb of Napoleon, 192

Hôtel de Ville: its history, I., 242-249; destroyed by the Commune, 242; II., 359; attack of 1830, I., 244; balls and entertainments, 247; reconstructed, 247; and the administration of municipal affairs, 248, 249; and the administration of hospitals, 276

Houssaye, Arsène, and the Académie Française, I., 38

Huberti, Mme. St., I., 135, 322-324; her assassination, 325, 326

Hugo, Victor, and the tower of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, I., 5; and Marion de Lorme, 69; first production of his Hernani, 179-181; his dramatic works, 181; recites his first poems at the Arsenal Library, 290; and the Tower of Vertbois, 302; his remains deposited in the Panthéon, II., 64; childhood, 90; and Lemaître at the Bonne Nouvelle Bazaar, I., 103

Huguenots: fired upon by Charles IX., I., 2; II., 40; number massacred throughout France, I., 27; continued persecution, II., 41, 42. (See also Protestants)

Hulio takes charge of De Launay, Governor of the Bastille, I., 51

“Hymen, Temple of,” I., 299

Hypnotism and the cure of madness, II., 211

Idiots, Treatment of, II., 214

Immorality, Laws against, II., 143

Imperial Club, I., 140

Imperial Theatre of the Châtelet, I., 76

Industrial Exhibitions, I., 236

Industrial system, I., 236

Infanta of Spain and her fiancé, I., 197

Inquisition, The, and the Waldenses, I., 42

Institute of Paris, I., 10; its academies, 37, 38; II., 288; opinion of Renan, 53, 54; unique character and objects of its projectors, 53, 54; constitution, 54, 55; library, 55, 290; reconstitution by the National Convention, 290

Institution Ste. Périne, II., 331

Insurrection against Julius Cæsar, I., 6; of June, 1832, against Louis Philippe, 93, 94; II., 247-249

“Internationale,” The, II., 355

Isabelle, Princess, and the Abbey of Longchamp, I., 219

Island of Saint-Louis, I., 291

Italian actors invited to Paris by Henri III., and afterwards expelled, I., 115-117

Italian children, Trade in, II., 328-330

Italian prisoner declines to leave the Bastille, I., 99

Italiens, Boulevard des, I., 11, 43, 115-127

Italiens, Théâtre des, I., 117

Ivan the Terrible, and torturing criminals, I., 18

Ivories in the Hôtel Cluny, II., 77

Jacobin Club, I., 162-165

Jacobins: monastery, I., 161; their principles, 162; Chateaubriand’s opinion of them, 163; and M. l’Abbé Maury, 163, 164; Michelet’s opinion, 162

Jacques-la-Boucherie, St., Tower of, I., 283

Jacques aux Pelerins, St., Asylum of, I., 314

Janin, Jules, I., 10; at the Café Riche, 122; his satirical novel, 335

Jansenists in the Bastille, I., 46

Jardin des Plantes: popularity, originators, first design, and the administration of Fagon, II., 147; under Buffon, 148, 149; at the Revolution, 149; extensions, 149, 150; enthusiasm of travellers and professors, 150; general arrangement, 150-154; menagerie, 152; wax-work collection, 153; busts and masks of famous men, 154

Jarnac, his duel with Chateigneraie, I., 347

Jarnac, Battle of, I., 22

Jena Bridge, II., 33

Jensae, De, his duel with two adversaries, I., 347, 348

Jerome, Prince, and the Palais Royal, I., 168

Jesuits and prisoners in the Bastille, I., 99; and the Church of St. Louis and St. Paul, 284; and the University, II., 46

Jews, roasted at la Maubuée, I., 3; during the Crusades, II., 62

Joan of Arc, unpopularity with Parisians, I., 2, 159; at the siege of Paris, and her execution, 159; denounced by a monk, 159, 160; personated, 160; and the Sorbonne, II., 50

Jockey Club, I., 111, 139

John the Fearless, and the assassination of the Duke of Orleans, II., 158

Jonathan, the Jew, Legend of, I., 304

Joseph, Father, and the spy system, I., 272

Josephine, Empress, her coronation at Notre-Dame, I., 21

Jouffroi Passage, I., 111

Journal of Henry III., and the talisman of Catherine de Médicis, I., 16

Journalists, Leading, II., 270-273

Joyeuse, Duc de, Marriage of, I., 27

Jugglers, II., 327

Julian, Emperor, and his enthusiasm for Lutetia, I., 7

Julien, Saint, Assassination of, I., 35

Julius Cæsar, Insurrection against, I., 6

Jullien at the Café Turc, I., 80

Just, Saint, his execution, I., 151

Kaufmann, Angelica, I., 298

Kings, Hearts of, their preservation, I., 102; II., 91

Kirburg, Prince Frederic John Otho von Salm, his palace and his execution, II., 236

Labienus, and the insurrection against Julius Cæsar, I., 6

Labour, Compulsory, in prisons, II., 146

Lacépède, and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150

Lackeys, II., 20, 22

Lacroix, Paul, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290

Ladies’-maids, II., 22

Lafayette, General, I., 94; and the flight of Louis XVI., 211; at the national celebration in the Champ de Mars, 232; place of burial, 333; and the mob at Versailles, II., 346, 347; and the Breton Club, I., 162

Laffitte, M., I., 94; and the story of the pin, 336; and the story of his loan to a gamester, 336, 337; Minister of Finance and President of the Council, 337

Lallemand, the student, Death of, I., 358, 359

Lally-Tollendal, Execution of, I., 47, 282

Lamalle, Execution of, I., 17

Lamarck, and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150

Lamarque, General, Funeral of, and the Republican insurrection, I., 94

Lamartine and the mob, I., 244

Lamballe, Princesse de, I., 313

Lambert, Hôtel, I., 219

Lameth and the Breton Club, I., 162

Lamotte, Countess, and the “affair of the diamond necklace,” II., 345

Lamoignon Hôtel, its former and present occupants, I., 68

Lamoureux, M., I., 76

L’Arbre, Rue de, I., 4, 327

Larive, in the Marriage of Figaro, I., 45

Lasource condemned to death, I., 151

Lassay, Marchioness de, II., 210

Lassus, M., and Notre-Dame, I., 14

Latournelle Bridge, II., 34

Latude, Story of, II., 214-218; his liberation from the Bastille, I., 50

Launay, M., and the statue of Napoleon on the Vendôme Column, I., 156

Launay, De, and his defence of the Bastille, I., 50, 51

Lavalette, M. de: early life and connection with the post office, I., 318; arrested for high treason, and saved from death by his wife, 318-320

Law, John Lauriston, his financial speculations in Paris, I., 294, 295; his work for France, and his pictorial advertisements, 296, 297; his emigration scheme, II., 325

Law, Changes in the, I., 253, 254

Lawlessness of Parisians in ancient times, I., 3; II., 60

Lazare, St., Prison, I., 64; II., 131; formerly a leper hospital, 142; under the canons of St. Victor and St. Vincent de Paul, 142; becomes a house of correction, and is sacked during famine, 142; and André Chenier, 142; vastness, 142; inmates, 143

Learning under the Convention, I., 90

Lebrun, the painter, and the Louvre, I., 198

Lecouvreur, Adrienne, Supposed poisoning of, I., 3, 182, 183; burial of, 58, 183; II., 175

Legion of Honour, Palace of the, II., 237

Legislative Assembly of 1791, II., 233

Legouvé, M., on the art of fencing, II., 257, 258

Legris, Jacques, Case of, and judicial duels, I., 346

Legros, Mme., and her efforts on behalf of Latude, II., 214, 217, 218

Lemaître, Frédéric, in Robert Macaire, I., 85; in the Auberge des Adréts, 86; at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, 92; at the Théâtre des Variétés, 104; and Victor Hugo at the Bonne Nouvelle Bazaar, 103

Lemoinne, M., on the English in Paris, II., 10-12

Lenclos, Ninon de, and her rooms in the Boulevard Beaumarchais, I., 67

Lenglet-Dufresnoy, Abbé, employed as a spy by Louis XIV. and Prince Eugène, I., 275

Léo, M. André, on Americans in Paris, II., 12-15

Leopold, M., and the Folies Dramatiques Theatre, I., 85

L’Épée, Abbé de, founder of the Deaf and Dumb Institution, II., 89, 90, 199, 202; his monument in the church of St. Roch, 203

Lepers, Proclamation for extermination of, I., 3; asylum for, 219; shut off in churches, 267; at St. Lazare, II., 142

Lescot, Pierre, architect of the Louvre, I., 195; and the Fountain of the Innocents, 312

Lesueur, his picture of an incident in Notre-Dame, I., 14

L’Étoile, Arc de, I., 58

Lettres de Cachet, I., 50, 63; and opera-singers, 89, 99; and the spy system, 273; II., 17

Leu-Saint-Gilles, St., Church of, I., 312-314

L’Évêque, Fort, State prison, I., 56

Lézardière, Baron, and Abbé Edgeworth, II., 298

L’Hôpital, Marshal de, and his marriage, I., 322

Liancourt, Duc de, and Louis XVI. after the fall of the Bastille, I., 52

Librairie Nouvelle, I., 123, 124

Libraries, Circulating, I., 123; public, 187-191

Library, National, I., 86, 87, 187, 189-191; Arsenal, 290; in the Hôtel de Pimodan, 291; of the Institute, II., 55; Sainte-Geneviève, 65, 66; in the School of Mines, 167

Lighting of Paris, II., 28

L’Île de la Cité, I., 6, 249

L’illustre Theatre, II., 291

Littéraire, Café, I., 107, 108

Liszt, Abbé, I., 315

Locke interests himself in an opera-singer, I., 74

Lombards, College and chapel of the, II., 71

Lomenie de Brienne et Loutrec, Hôtel, II., 177, 237, 238

London contrasted with Paris, I., 9

Longchamp, Abbey of, I., 219-221; promenade, 221

L’Opéra, Place de, I., 133

Loriquet, Father, as an historian, II., 250, 251

Lorme, Marion de, and her residence in the Place Royale, I., 69

L’Orme, Philibert de, and the church of Saint Eustace, I., 5

Lorraine, Cardinal de, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22

Losme, De, major of the Bastille, I., 52

Louis VI. and the right of clergy to fight duels, I., 346

Louis VII., his offence against the Chapter of Notre Dame, I., 12, 13; and the lepers, II., 142

Louis IX. and the Louvre, I., 194

Louis XI. borrowing a book from the Faculty of Medicine, I., 13; his coronation, 314

Louis XII., his library, I., 187

Louis XIII., his statue erected by Richelieu, I., 69, 70; his funeral, 99; and the Palais Royal, 166; and the Royal Printing Office, 307; and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147; and Versailles, 338

Louis XIV., Statue of, I., 2; proscribes Gothic architecture, 5; and the burial of Molière, 58, 111; and opera-singers, 89; his funeral, 99; II., 94; and the Italian actors, I., 117; and the licence for masked balls, 139; presents the Palais Royal to Philip of Orleans, 166; and the Louvre, 197-199; his collection of pictures, 201, 202; and duelling, 350; and disabled soldiers, II., 187; and Versailles, 338

Louis XV. consigns the Encyclopædia to the Bastille, I., 55; stabbed by Damiens, 76; his conduct compared with that of the Duke of Berri, 91; his funeral, 99; II., 95; and the Madeleine, I., 142; his statue, 143, 144; and the Comédie Française, 175; and the Royal Military School, 229; founds the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, II., 62; and the beggars, 326

Louis XVI. confined in the Rue du Temple, I., 2, 70; after the capture of the Bastille, 52; his mild government, 55; flight from Paris, 87, 211; reputed burial-place, 100; his execution, 146, 147-150; brought back to the Tuileries, 214; and the celebration in the Champ de Mars, 231, 232; his trial, II., 234; and Versailles, 345

Louis XVII., his life in the Temple and death, I., 70; the supposition that he escaped from the Temple and lived till 1872, 70, 71; his reputed burial-place, 100

Louis XVIII. inaugurates the new statue of Henry IV., I., 35; and the burial of Mlle. Raucourt, 58; and the murder of the Duke of Berri, 90; obsequies of, II., 96, 99; and the Madeleine, I., 142; and the pictures in the Louvre, 204; and the dungeon of Marie Antoinette, 263; and Lavalette, 318, 320; and the Abbé Edgeworth, II., 302

Louis Napoleon, Prince, his two attempts to secure the throne, I., 95-97; II., 116-123; his trial at the Luxemburg, 123, 124. (See also Napoleon III.)

Louis-Philippe: abdication and flight, I., 2, 3; fortifications constructed under, 7; lays first stone of the monument in the Place de la Bastille, 59; military glories of his reign, 75; Fieschi’s attempt upon his life, 76-79; II., 112-114; his sang-froid, I., 78; insurrection of June, 1832, against him, 93, 94; his burial-place, 100; unveils the new statue of Napoleon on the Vendôme Column, 156; and the Palais Royal, 167, 168; and the Élysée Palace, 218; and the Arc de Triomphe, 225; and Talleyrand, II., 241

Louis-Philippe Bridge, II., 34

Louis, Dr., and the guillotine, I., 328, 329

Louis le Gros and the Palais de Justice, I., 250

Louis, St.: funeral, I., 98; preservation of his heart, 102; II., 91; effigy in the Palais de Justice, I., 260; and Blanche de Castille, I., 267

Louis, St., Bridge, I., 34

Louis, St., Island of, II., 34

Louis, St., and St. Paul, Church of, and a picture by Eugène Delacroix, I., 284

Louvel, assassin of the Duke of Berri, I., 90, 91; his trial, II., 114-116

Lovat, Lord, Decapitation of, and George Selwyn, I., 18

Louviers, Island of, II., 34

Louvre, The: origin, I., 193; reconstructed by Philip Augustus, 194; the Tower, 194; additions made by Louis IX. and Charles X., 194; historical events, 194, 195; its architect and alterations by Catherine de Médicis, 195; royal residents, 196, 197; extensions, under Louis XIV., 198; its picture-gallery, 199, 201-206; completed by Napoleon III., 200

Lucas, Hippolyte, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290

Lulli’s operas, I., 127, 135

Lunatic asylums, II., 207-214, 223-225

Lunatics, Prison for, I., 63; their treatment at various periods, 207, 208; number in France, 209

Lunge, The brothers, I., 111

Lutetia, the Paris of the Romans, I., 3; its position and development, 6; rebuilt and governed as a Roman town, 6; and the Emperor Julian, 7; governed by bishops, besieged by Franks, and invaded by Normans, 7; an island, 7; its church and palace, 249; and the hot baths, II., 73

Lutheran Church, I., 304

Luxemburg Palace, I., 10; its originator and various owners, II., 111; becomes the Senate or Chamber of Peers, 112; celebrated trials, 112; trial of Fieschi, 112-114; trial of Louvel, 114-116; trial of Louis Napoleon, 116-124; and the case of Praslio, 124, 129; the gardens and picture-gallery, 130

Luxor, Obelisk of, I., 154

Lyceum of Louis the Great, II., 59

Lyons, Number of Huguenots killed at, I., 27; incidents of the massacre of Huguenots, 27

Machines, Exhibition of, I., 301, 302

MacMahon, Marshal, II., 358

Madeleine, The, its architecture, I., 11, 142; its history, decorations, preachers, &c., 142, 143

Madeleine, Boulevard, I., 43, 142

Magic, Burning for the crime of, I., 15

Magicians in Paris, I., 16, 17; patronised by Catherine de Médicis, 42

Magloire, St., Abbey of, I., 314

Magny Restaurant, II., 108

Maintenon, Mme. de, satirised by Italian actors, I., 116; and disabled soldiers, II., 187; and the Tsar, 344

Maison Dorée, La, I., 122, 123

Maison de Villas, II., 331

Malesherbes, M. de, and the execution of Louis XVI., I., 147; his monument in the Palais de Justice, 258

Malle de Scudéry, novelist, I., 299

Man in the iron mask, I., 284

Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the massacre of Huguenots, I., 27

Maniaut, Du, and Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92

Mansard, the architect, I., 67; and the Place Vendôme, 155; and the Val de Grâce, II., 90

Manteuffel, Baron Ernest von, and Les deux Pages, I., 36

Maps, School of, I., 305

Maquet, Auguste, I., 303

Mara, Mme., I., 135

Marais, The, its illustrious residents, I., 67

Marais, Rue des, I., 3, 67

Marais, Théâtre du, I., 174; II., 110

Marat, I., 151; disposal of his remains, II., 106; editor of Ami du Peuple, 109

Marble Table, Theatre of the, I., 250, 252

Marcel, Étienne, Mayor of Paris, I., 242; builds the Bastille, 286

Marcellus, Bishop, I., 14

Marchaud, Guillaume, architect and builder of Pont-Neuf, I., 31

Marché, Rue du, I., 161

Marché des Innocents, Rue du, Events associated with, I., 3

Margaret of Navarre, Queen, and the preaching of Protestants, I., 287; II., 38

Marguerite of Lorraine, Marriage of, I., 27

Marguerite de Valois and her lovers, I., 35; II., 159

Marie Antoinette confined in the Rue du Temple, I., 2, 70; at a notable performance at the Académie Royale de Musique, 87; insulted at the Opéra Comique, 87; marriage, 144; her execution, 150; carries her son into the Assembly, 207; in the Conciergerie, 263; affair of the necklace, 307; II., 345

Marie de Médicis and her belief in magic, I., 17; and the Luxemburg Palace, II., 111

Marie Bridge, II., 34

Marigny, Avenue, I., 223, 224

Market: in the Place de la République, I., 84; in the Place de la Madeleine, 142; Temple, 303, 304; Innocents, 312; Corn, 314, 318; Fish, 315; II., 316; Ave Maria, I., 290; of St. Germain, II., 171

Markets, Central, I., 314, 315-318; II., 166, 167, 315, 316

Marly, II., 339, 340

Marne, River, II., 287

Marot, Clément, his translation of the Psalms, I., 287; II., 38

Marriage of Duc de Joyeuse and Marguerite of Lorraine at the Church of St.-Germain-l’Auxerrois, I., 27

Marriage of Figaro, I., 44-46, 179; its effect on the public mind, 67

Mars, Mlle., I., 103; in Hernani, 181, 183; and Mlle. Rachel, 298

Martin, St., Boulevard, I., 93

Martin, St., Porte, I., 93, 98

Masked balls, I., 139

Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the bell of St.-Germain-l’Auxerrois, I., 2, 9, 289; its authors, 22, 289; preparations, 23; murder of Coligny, 24, 289

Massenet’s operas, I., 138

Maubuée, La, Jews roasted at, I., 3

Maurevel fires at Admiral Coligny, I., 23

Maury, M. l’Abbé, his oration in defence of the Parliament, I., 163, 164

Mazarin, and Count de Rochefort, I., 37; and the introduction of opera into France, 74, 116; his project for establishing a college, II., 289

Mazarin Library, I., 191

Mazarin Palais, II., 288

Mazas, Prison of, I., 261; II., 131; construction, and riots of first inmates, 137; and the cellular system, 137, 138; sanitation, régime, and administration, 138

Medicine, School of, and practical school, II., 106, 107

Mendicancy, II., 324-330

Ménilmontant, I., 335

Mercier, his description of the Pont-Neuf, I., 36, 37; on the Académie Française, 37, 38; description of public executioner, 39; on the political indifference of Parisians, and the mild government of Louis XVI., 54, 55; on hackney coaches, 262; on the spy system, 271, 272; on the Hôtel-Dieu, 279-281; on the Mont-de-Piété, 306; views on the Sorbonne, II., 52, 53; on the Panthéon, 64

Méry at the Café de la Régence, I., 109

Méry, St., Church of, I., 93, 293, 294

Meyerbeer, his Robert le Diable, I., 135

Michelet on the Jacobins, I., 162

Middle Ages: curiosities of the period in the Cluny Museum, II., 78; arms and armour in the Artillery Museum, 86, 87; burning of lunatics, 207

Mignard, the painter, I., 159

Mignons, The, their contest with the partisans of the Duke of Guise, I., 69

Mignot, François Marie, I., 322

Military School, Site of old, I., 127

Military spectacles in circuses and theatres, I., 75

Mille, Laurent de, and the assassination of a banker in the Rue de Venise, I., 298

Mineralogy, Museum of, II., 130

Ministry of Justice, I., 158

Mirabeau: his motion in the Assembly on July 8th, 1789, I., 47; his death, 163; place of burial, II., 63; letters from the Bastille to “Sophie,” 139, 279; early life, marriage, and imprisonment, 279; captivity at Vincennes, and visit to Prussia, 280; his “Secret History,” and “Prussian Monarchy,” 281; political life, relations with the Court, and his death, 282; and the Breton Club, I., 162

Miraille, Dominique, burnt for the crime of magic, I., 15

Miramion, Madame Beauharnais de, and her house of refuge for girls, II., 138

Mirlitons Club, I., 140

Miron, François, his offering of a silver lamp in Notre-Dame, I., 15

Molay, Jacques de, burned on the Pont-Neuf, I., 3, 276

Molé, in the Marriage of Figaro, I., 45

Molière, birthplace, I., 2, 322; death and burial, 2, 58, 111, 112; residence, 111; benevolent act of his widow, 112; his borrowing from the Italians, 117; as represented by Scarron, 173, 174; estrangement from Racine, 174; joins a troop of wandering players, 174; imprisoned for debt, 290; his Scottish descent, 315; and the Val de Grâce, II., 91

Molière Theatre, I., 296

Momus, Café, I., 110, 111

Monastery of the Jacobins, I., 161

Monceau, Parc, I., 344

Monks and duelling, I., 346

Montalivet, M. de, his interview with Napoleon, I., 291

Montansier, Mlle., I., 86, 183

Mont-de-Piété, I., 305, 306; external appearance, II., 160; internal arrangements, 161; Alfred Delvau’s description of the borrowers, 162; its founder, 163; description by M. Blaize, 163-166

Montesquieu shoots the Prince of Condé, I., 22; his interest in opera-singers, 74

Montgomery kills Henri II. in a tournament, I., 68

Montlhéry, Battle of, I., 43, 144

Montmartre, Boulevard, in former times, I., 2, 104, 113; Butte, 340, 342; Cemetery, 342; observatory, 342; and the church of St. Peter, 342; and the Frascati gaming-house, 104-106

Montmorency, Constable de, Hotel built by, I., 290

Montparnasse, its associations and occupants, II., 250-253

Montparnasse Theatre, II., 250

Monument to the Republic, I., 84

Moralities, Performance of, at the Palais de Justice, I., 250

Moreau, Hégésippe, II., 250, 251

Morgue, The, II., 34, 35

Moulins, Assembly at, I., 22

Mun, Comte de, II., 71

Municipality of Paris, I., 243

Murat and the Élysée Palace, I., 218

Mürger, Henri, I., 110, 342; his “Vie de Bohême,” 367

Murillo, his “Conception of the Virgin,” at the Louvre, I., 206

Museum, Artillery, II., 83-88; Carnavalet, I., 67, 310; Cluny, II., 76-82; of French monuments, II., 175; of mineralogy, II., 130; des Thermes, I., 314

Musical Artists, Society of, I., 315

Musset, Alfred de, at the Café de la Régence, I., 109

Mysteries, Performance of, I., 19, 226, 314

Napoleon I. and his coronation in Notre-Dame, I., 12, 19-21; and The Man of Destiny at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, 92; his burial-place, 100; and opera-singers, 135; and the Madeleine, 142; and the Column of Austerlitz, 155; and the Comédie Française, 178; at the Élysée Palace, 218; and the Bois de Boulogne, 222; and the Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile, 224; at the Royal Military School, 230; and the Rue de Rivoli, 283; and the Legislative Body, II., 232; his nobility, 303

Napoleon III.: his burial-place, I., 100; II., 97; completes the Louvre, I., 200; and the Rue de Rivoli, 283; birthplace, 340; and the monument to Marshal Ney, II., 106; sends 500 citizens to Sainte-Pélagie, 141; creation of nobles, 303. (See also Louis Napoleon)

Napoleon III. Bridge, II., 33

Napoleon Barracks, I., 283

National Assembly: its heroic behaviour during the revolution of 1789, I., 50; decrees the destruction of royal tombs, 102; II., 98; description of a debate, I., 163-165

National Guard, their behaviour at the insurrection of June, 1832, I., 94

National Library: the danger of fire from the proximity of the Salle Montansier, I., 86, 87; and Louis XI., 187; sequestration of Scheffer and Hanequis’ books, 187; its gradual growth, 189, 190; regulations, 191

National Museum of French Monuments, II., 175

National School of Mines, II., 166

National workshops, II., 130, 247

Naundorff, pretender to the French throne, I., 70, 71

Naval and Military Club, I., 140

Navarre, Queen of, Death of the, I., 23

Necker, Dismissal of, I., 47; bust, veiled with crape, carried through Paris, 48

Necklace, diamond, Affair of the, II., 345

Necropolis of Saint-Denis, Burial of kings at the, I., 98-102; destruction of tombs and mausoleums by the National Assembly, 102

Nemours, Duc de, his duel with the Duke de Beaufort, I., 350

Nesle, Mme. de, principal in a duel, I., 350

Nesle, Tower of, II., 288

Neuf Bridge, II., 34

Nevers, Duke of, I., 23

New Opéra, The: dimensions, I., 133; opening, cost, and number of persons employed, 138; masked ball, 139

New Year’s gifts, I., 113, 114; II., 22

New York Herald, Office of the, I., 140

Newspapers suppressed by Charles X., I., 2; after the Revolution, II., 180; prosecutions of 1835, 181; the first paper, 270; leading newspapers and their writers, 270-273

Ney, Marshal, and the fencing-master, I., 350; espousal of the cause of Napoleon, II., 103, 104; trial and execution, 105, 106; monument to his memory, 106

Nicholas-in-the-Fields, St., Church of, I., 299

Nobility, Emigration of the, II., 295-298

Nodier, Charles, custodian of the Arsenal Library, I., 290

Normans, their burning of a part of Paris, I., 3; invasion of Paris, 7

Notre-Dame, founding of, I., 3; Paris seen from the towers of, 4; on the site of a Temple to Jupiter, 6, 12, 14; coronation of Napoleon in, 12, 19-21; wand of Louis VII. deposited in, 12, 13; funeral of Raimond Diocre, 13, 14; formerly consisting of two edifices, 14; known as the “New Church” in the twelfth century, 14; embellishments under Louis XIII., 14; mutilations and restoration, 14; absolution of Raymond VII., 14; put to various uses, 15; coronation of Henry VI. of England as King of France, 15; panic caused by robbers, 15; celebration of the Feast of Reason, 15; executions in front of, 15; penance of Damiens in front of, 17; mass for Madeleine Guimard’s broken arm, 19; dramatic performances, 19

Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Church of, I., 340

Novels, Price of, I., 124

Nursing Institution, II., 196

Obelisk of Luxor, I., 154

Observatory, founding and design, II., 102; copper cupola, 102; instruments, 102, 103; execution of Marshal Ney in the Avenue, 103

Observatory of Montmartre, I., 342

O’Connell, his will that his heart should be sent to Rome, I., 102; II., 91

Octroi, The, I., 7, 48; II., 318

Odéon Theatre, I., 10; II., 110, 291, 292

Odo the Falconer, I., 293

Old-clothes dealers, II., 260, 261

Olivier, Mlle., in the Marriage of Figaro, I., 45

Omnibuses, II., 31

Opéra, The: described by Rousseau, I., 134, 135; Dr. Burney’s opinion, 134; rehearsals, 136; first performances, 138

Opéra Comique, The, Marie Antoinette insulted at, I., 87; its establishment, 115, 117; its operas, 118; destroyed by fire, 118; its history, 292

Opera, Grand, its dimensions and commodiousness, I., 133; its inauguration, 138; and masked balls, 139

Opera House in the Rue Le Pelletier, destroyed by fire, I., 127; and William Tell, 138

Opera-singers, engaged through the agency of diplomatists, I., 74; compelled to perform by lettres de cachet, 89; their immunities, 89; salaries, 134; training, 135; costumes, 322-324

Opéra, National, formerly Académie Royale de Musique, I., 87; its direction under the Republic, 87, 88

Operas, Composers of, at the Opéra Comique and the Académie, I., 118

Orchestra of blind men, I., 110

Organ-grinders, II., 327

Orleans, brother of Charles VI., Duke of, assassinates the Duke of Burgundy, I., 2

Orleans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of, (See Égalité, Philippe)

Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, liberates prisoners from the Bastille, I., 99; and the Palais Royal, 167

Oriental Languages, School, II., 177

Orsi, Count, and Boulogne expedition of Louis Napoleon, II., 117-124

Oyster-women, II., 7, 8

Paix, Rue de la, I., 158

Palace of Industry and the Exhibition of 1855, I., 223, 224

Palace of National Archives, I., 304

Palais: Bourbon, I., 231, 236; Cardinal, 306, 307; de Justice, 250-260; Mazarin, 288, 289; Royal, 2, 166-170; des Thermes, II., 73

Palais, du, Boulevard, I., 264, 269

Palais Bourbon: inappropriateness of name, II., 231; construction, history, and use, 231; and the Legislative Body, 231, 236

Palais de Justice: its Roman origin and early history, I., 250, 251; fire of 1618, 252; fire of 1776, 253; reconstructed and enlarged, 253; design, dimensions, tower and courts, 254; stalls and booths, grand staircase, &c., 255; picture by Van Eyck, 256; Salle des Pas Perdus, 258; monument to Malesherbes, 258; the Golden Room, 258; trials in the “Hall of Equity” and the case of Cazotte, 259; Galerie Saint-Louis, 259, 260; Bureau of Judicial Assistance, 260; collection of articles taken from prisoners, 260

Palais Royal: revolutionary scenes enacted there, I., 2, 169, 170; its original name, 166; presented to Louis XIII. by Richelieu, 166; residence of Henrietta of France and of Philip of Orleans, 166; burning and re-erection of theatre, 166; galleries turned into shops, 167; place of dissipation, 167; various owners, 168; fired by Communards, 168; II., 359

Palais Royal Theatre, I., 184

Palissy, Bernard, specimens of his work in the Cluny Museum, II., 79

Panoramas established by Robert Fulton, I., 103

Panoramas, Passage de, I., 103

Panthéon, I., 3, 10; the site, II., 59; founded as the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, 63; decision of the Constituent Assembly, 63; its illustrious dead, 63, 64

Panthéon Theatre, II., 89

Parc, Mlle. du, her lovers and her intrigues, I., 174

Paris, Count of, and his claim to the throne, II., 305, 306

“Parisians,” The, I., 103

Parvis of Notre-Dame, its historical associations, I., 276, 277

Pascal, Statue of, I., 283

Pasdeloup, Popular Concerts started by I., 76

Pasquier, Baron, and the spy system, II., 18

Passage des Panoramas, I., 103

Paul, Hotel St., II., 158

Paul, St. Vincent de, and his asylum for foundlings, II., 102; and the lepers, 142; and the inmates of La Salpêtrière, 211

Paulmy, M. de, and the sale of his books to the Count of Artois, I., 290

Pauvent, first Protestant put to death in France, I., 286

Pavilion of Hanover, I., 126

Peasants, II., 167-170, 310, 311

Pelagie, Ste., Prison: I., 170; II., 131; origin and first uses, 138, 139; at the Revolution and under the Second Empire, 139; Duchess of Berri’s Chapel and employment of prisoners, 139; class of inmates and official staff, 139, 140; celebrated prisoners, 140; during the Republic and under Napoleon III., 141; famous escapes, 141, 142

Pelletan, Dr., and the heart of Louis XVII., II., 92

Pène, Henri de, fights a duel at Vincennes, I., 61

Père-Lachaise, Cemetery of: origin of name, I., 333; site and characteristics, 334; monuments and graves of notable people, 334; the slaughter of May, 1871, 335; II., 359; the crematorium, I., 335; demonstration of students in connection with the death of Lallemand, 359

Périne, Institution Sainte-, II., 331

Perrault, Claude, and the completion of the Louvre, I., 198

Peter the Great, his visit to Versailles, II., 343, 344

Pétion and the Breton Club, I., 162

Petty trades, II., 259-264, 265, 266

Philip II. of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22

Philip Augustus: Burial at St. Denis of, I., 98; reconstructs the Louvre, 194; and the Palais de Justice, 250; founds the Central Markets, 315; his towers, II., 157

Philip the Fair and the Palais de Justice, I., 250

Philip the Long, and the church of Notre Dame de Boulogne, I., 221

Piccini’s operas, I., 135

Pichon, Baron, his collection of books and objects of art, I., 291

Picture-dealers, II., 255, 256

Picture-gallery at the Louvre, I., 201-206; at the Cluny Museum, II., 79, 80; at the Luxemburg Palace, 130

Pillory, II., 315

Pimodan, Lieut-General Count de, I., 291

Pinel, reformer of lunatic asylum system, II., 211, 222

Piron, and the Académie Française, I., 37, 38

Pius IV. and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22

Place, de la Bastille, I., 43, 52, 59; du Château d’Eau, I., 84; du Châtelet, I., 291, 292; de la Concorde, II., 143-154; de Grève, I., 2, 15, 39, 289; de l’Hôtel-de-Ville, I., 39, 281; St. Jacques, I., 282; Maubert, II., 71, 72; de l’Opéra, I., 133; du Parvis, I., 276; de la Roquette, I., 282; Royale, I., 68, 69; Vendôme, I., 133, 155-158; II., 359; des Victoires, I., 2; des Vosges, I., 68

Poissonnière, Boulevard, I., 103

Pol, St., Execution of the Constable of, I., 282

Police-courts, I., 261

Polignac, Mme. de, principal in a duel, I., 350

Political indifference of Parisians, I., 54

Polytechnic School, I., 358

Pompadour, Mme. de, and her treatment of Latude, II., 214-216

Pomponne, Marquis de, his burial-place, I., 294

Pont-Neuf, the, Statue of Henry IV. on, I., 3; events occurring on, 3; the oldest bridge in Paris, 30; first stone laid by Henry III., 30; restored, 35; incident of Mlle. Contat and Prince Henry of Prussia, 35, 36; Mercier’s account of, 36, 37; robberies committed by gentlemen on, 37; resort of beggars, 38, 39

Poor, The: their treatment, II., 193; institute for their nursing, 196, 197; homes, retreats, “bureaux,” and Government aid, 331-337

Popular concerts started by Pasdeloup, I., 76

Poquelins, House of the, I., 315

Porcelain, Sèvres, II, 228-230

Portal, Bérenger de, I., 290

Porte Saint-Denis, Construction and design of, I., 98

Porte Saint-Martin, I., 93, 98

Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 80; closed at intervals and afterwards re-opened by Du Maniaut, 92; burnt, and rebuilt, 93

Post-cards, Adoption and circulation of, I. 322

Potel and Chabot, Firm of, and the banquet to ten thousand mayors, I., 126

Poussin, Nicolas, and the Louvre, I., 198

Prado, The, I., 269

Praslin, Duc de, Crime and suicide of, II., 124-130

Press, The: in 1728, II., 268; under the Convention, the Directory, and the Consulate, 269; at the second Restoration, 269; “ordonnances” of 1830, 269; abolition of censorship by Louis Philippe, 269; after the revolution of 1848, 270; leading newspapers and journalists, 270-273

Press Club, I., 139

Prefect of Police, I., 270

Preville in the Marriage of Figaro, I., 45

Prévôt, Rue de, I., 284

Printers, and the suppression of newspapers by Charles X., I., 2

Printing, its introduction, II., 178; work of Garamond and Robert Étienne, 178; restrictions and opposition, 179; privileges granted by Henry IV., and the censorship of Louis XIII., 180; in 1791, 180; and the play of Gérard de Nerval, 181

Printing-office, Royal, I., 307-309; of Honoré de Balsac, II., 175; of Quantin, 178

Prisoners, and their cells, I., 261, 262; II., 137; famous escapes, 141, 142

Prisons, II., 131-146; hygiene, food, and general internal arrangements, 145, 146

Private warfare in France, I., 3

Procope, Café, I., 108, 109

Protestant Temple of the Oratory, I., 314

Protestants: attempt to drive away the Guises, I., 22; privileges granted to them after the battle of Jarnac, 22; preparations for their massacre, 23; suspected of plots, 23; their massacre on St. Bartholomew’s Day, 26, 27; in the Bastille, 47; their burning by Henry II., 286; persecution at the Reformation, 287; II., 38; places of worship, I., 287; II., 38, 43; under the Reign of Terror, 43; schools, I., 287

Prussians, charges against them for conduct during the Franco-Prussian War, II., 353, 354

Public Aid Department, II., 335, 337

Public Writers, II., 3-7

Quai d’Anjou, I., 291

Quantin’s printing-office, II., 178

Quartier Latin, The, I., 10

Quinze-Vingts, The, II., 198, 199

Quincampoix, Rue, I., 294

Rabelais, his place of burial, I., 284; place of his death, II., 157; his allusions to Francis I., 158

Rachel, Mlle.: parentage and early life, I., 298; her performances at the Théâtre Molière, and admission into the Conservatoire, 298; at the Gymnase, 298, 299; at the Théâtre Français, 299

Racine, and “Bajazet” and “Britannicus,” I., 3; estrangement with Molière, 174

Racing, at Longchamps, I., 226; II., 254; at Champ de Mars, I., 235; as a fête, II., 255; at Chantilly, 254; at Versailles and Fontainebleau, 255

Racing Club, I., 140

Rag-pickers, their occupation described, I., 360, 361; commissioned to kill dogs, 362; in literature and the drama, 362-365; II., 260

Railway Club, I., 139

Railways, their introduction, II., 317; development checked by the accident of 1842, 318

Rameau’s operas, I., 135

Ramus, Peter, II., 71, 72

Ranes, Hôtel de, II., 174

Raphael, his pictures in the Louvre, I., 206; copies of his Loggie in the School of Fine Arts, II., 176

Raucourt, Mlle., Burial of, I., 58, 112, 158; narrow escape from the guillotine, 178; opposition to the Directory, 178

Ravaillac, Francis, his occupation and disposition, I., 31, 32; plans the murder of Henry IV., 33; assassinates the king, is tortured and dismembered, 34, 35; suspected of firing the Palais de Justice, 253

Raymond VII. absolved in Notre-Dame, I., 14

Recruitment Bill of 1872, I., 65

Reformation said to have begun in Paris, I., 286; II., 36; its progress, I., 288

Refreshments at the Exhibition of 1889, I., 239, 240

Reggio, Duke of, and his collection in the Artillery Museum, II., 84

Régence, Café de la, I., 109

Regnard, Birthplace of, I., 315

Regnault, Henri, II., 250

Regnier, the astrologer, I., 16

Reign of Terror, The Opéra and drama under the, I., 88, 135, 176; its commencement, 150; number of its victims, 151; causes, 151; and the mass for the Princesse de Lamballe, 313; and massacre of inmates of prisons, II., 222; and Robespierre’s rule, 235; and the emigration, 295

Relics, Worship of, II., 91

Renaissance, Churches of the, I., 5

Renaissance Theatre, I., 86, 93

Renée, Princess, saves Protestants during the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 289

Rentier, The, II., 23

Reposoir, Le, place of meeting of the Breton Club, afterwards a Protestant Church, I., 162

Republic, Monument to the, I., 84; the Opéra under the, 88, 135

Republican Guard, I., 271

Restaurant: origin of the word, I., 103; Banquet d’Anacréon, 85; Brébant’s, 103; Cadran Bleu, 85; of the Porte Montmartre, 103; Magny, II., 108; La Maison Dorée, I., 122, 123

Restaurants of the Boulevard du Temple, I., 85; in the early days of the Restoration, 122; and the brothers from Provence, 122

Retz, Count de, I., 23

Revolution (1789): the first blow and Camille Desmoulins’ call to arms, 47; preparations for a rising, 49; behaviour of the National Assembly, 50; seizure of arms at the Hôtel des Invalides, 50; fall of the Bastille, 51, 52; revolutionary spirit in the provinces, 52, 54; the cry “À la lanterne!” II., 29

Revolution (1830), outbreak and development, I., 169-171

Révolution, Place de la, I., 146, 151

Rey, M., and the fire at the Porte Saint-Martin Opera House, I., 86

Rheims, Archbishop of, presentation of books to the Royal Library, I., 190

Rhin, Hôtel du, I., 158

Richard the Lion-hearted, Heart of, II., 91

Riche, Café, I., 122

Richelieu, Cardinal, and the Académie Française, I., 37; his attempt to put down duelling, 69, 349; medallion to his memory, 111; and the Pavilion of Hanover, 126; presents the Palais Royal to Louis XIII., 166; and the spy system, 272; II., 19; and the Sorbonne, II., 51

Richelieu, Duc de, as a duellist, I., 350

Riding School of the Tuileries, I., 165

Ripley, General, offered the command of the Paris forts, II., 350

Rivoli, Rue de, I., 282, 283

Roads and Bridges, National School of, II., 177

Robbers in Notre-Dame, I., 15; on the Pont-Neuf, 37

Robespierre at the Café de la Régence, I., 109; his execution, 151; his Jacobinism, 163; at the Festival of the Supreme Being, 234, 235; and his spy system, 274; ferocity of his rule, II., 235; and the Breton Club, I., 162

Roch, St., Church of, I., 158, 159

Rochart, M., and the Ambigu-Comique Theatre, I., 86

Rochefort, Count de, commits robberies on the Pont-Neuf, I., 37

Rochefoucauld, La, and the attack on the Guises, I., 22; murdered, 26; and the Breton Club, 162

Rochelle, La, Story of the Four Sergeants of, II., 218-221

Rochepot, Hôtel de la, I., 286

Rohan, Cardinal de, and the “affair of the diamond necklace,” II., 345

Rohan, Hôtel de, I., 304

Rohan-Rochefort, Princess, wife of the Duc d’Enghien, I., 59, 60; sealed packet found after her death, 61

Roman specimens in the Artillery Museum, II., 86

Roquette, La, prison, II., 131; its library, 132; regulations and administration, 133; precautions, 133; condemned cell, 134

Rossini, I., 1; at the Théâtre des Italiens, 117; his residence, 111, 127

Rothschild and Rachel, Story of, I., 336

Rothschild, Baron James de, his career and character, I., 338, 339

Rothschild, Mayer Anselm, early life and first speculations, I., 337; principles, death and successors, 338

Rothschilds, House of the, I., 337; its growth, 338, 339; founder of the French branch, 338

Rotunda, place of confinement for debtors, I., 304

Rouge, Château, II., 73

Rousseau on the opera, I., 134, 135; knocked down by a dog, 262; removal of his remains to the Panthéon, II., 64; and Diderot, 244; early life and works, 283; “Letters on Music” and the “Nouvelle Héloïse,” 284; and Madame D’Épinay, 284; and Voltaire, 285; death, eccentricities, and literary fame, 285

Roux, Le, and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88

Rowing, II., 255

Royal funerals, I., 98-102, 314; II., 94-99

Royal Military School of Louis XV., I., 229, 230

Royale, Place, and the accident to Henry II., I., 68; horse-market and duels, 69; statue of Louis XIII., 69; favourite quarter of the nobility, 69; and Richelieu’s house, 69

Royale, Rue, I., 143

Rozière, Thuriot de la, demands the surrender of the Bastille, I., 50

Rue Royale Club, I., 140

Ruggieri, pyrotechnist, I., 144

Ruggieri, Cosmo, the magician, I., 16, 318

Russian restaurants at the Exhibition of 1889, I., 239, 240

Sacred Heart, Church of the, I., 340

Sade, Marquis de, I., 40; II., 218, 225

Sainte-Beuve, a principal in a duel, I., 353; and the Magny Restaurant, II., 108; early life, 251; literary labours and humanitarian principles, 252; character and death, 253; contributions to the Constitutionnel, 270

Sainval, Mlle., and the Marriage of Figaro, I., 44

Sallé, Mlle., I., 322

Salle Montansier, The, I., 86

Salles, Saint-François de, Portrait of, I., 312

Salm, Hôtel de, II., 236, 237

Salpêtrière, La: origin of name, II., 209; foundation and opening, 209; church, population, improvements and administration, 210; improvements of Pinel, some noted inmates and curative experiments, 211; and the Four Sergeants of La Rochelle, 218

Sammerard, M. Alexandre du, and his art collection, II., 76

Sand, George, and the Restaurant Magny, II., 108

Santé, La, prison, II., 131

Sanval, opinion of Rue St. Denis, I., 311

Sardou, Victorien, and his M. Garat, I., 84

Sartine, De, and the spy system, I., 272; II., 17

Sassave, Nina, I., 83

Saturnalia in churches at Christmas, I., 226-228

Saxe, M. Adolphe, and the outrage on the residence of M. Brandus, I., 115

Saxe, Marshal, and Adrienne Lecouvreur, I., 58, 182; and Mme. Favart, 118

Scavengers, II., 28

Scheffer, Ary, I., 1; II., 219

Schneider, Mlle., I., 84

School, of Drawing, II., 106; of Fine Arts, I., 10; II., 175, 176; of Maps, I., 305; of Medicine, I., 10; II., 106, 107; of Mines, II., 166; of Oriental Languages, II., 177; of Roads and Bridges, II., 177

Schools: headquarters, I., 355; as an agent of civilisation, 356; widespread reputation, 357

Scouts’ Club, I., 140

Sébastopol, Boulevard, I., 95, 292, 293

Sedan-chairs, II., 30

Seine, The: its winding course, I., 4; “ports,” 5; its bridges, 5; II., 34, 35; the right and left banks, I., 10, 30; baths, II., 33, 255; rowing and swimming, 254, 255; rights of navigation, 307; and the corporation of water-merchants, 307, 308; fairs on the banks, 308

Selwyn, George, visiting Paris to see Damiens tortured, I., 18, 19

Senate, The, II., 112, 130, 232

Sens, Hôtel de, I., 35; II., 158

Sergeants of La Rochelle, Story of the Four, II., 218-221

Sévigné, Mme. de, Residence of, I., 67; her condemnation of coffee, 83

Sévigné, Rue de, and the Musée Carnavalet, I., 67; and the Hôtel Lamoignon, I., 68

Sèvres manufactory: its origin, II, 228, 229; cost to the State, 230; characteristics of the porcelain, 228, 230

Shops, Antique, II., 265-267; of the Boulevards, I., 43

Siam, Embassy from, I., 3

Sibour, Monseigneur, his assassination, II., 66

Siege of Paris, II., 348-354; arming the fortifications, 348; advance of the Prussians, 349-350; occupation of Versailles, 352; second siege under the Commune, 358, 359

Siegfried, Defeat of, I., 7

Sieyès and the Breton Club, I., 163

Simon, the Temple gaoler, and the supposed escape of Louis XVII., I., 70, 71

Simon, Saint-, the association which he founded, and the rules of his followers, I, 119

Simon, Saint-, description of Versailles, II., 338-340

Slaughter-houses, II., 308-310

Smith, Sir Sidney, his escape from the Temple prison effected by Boisgerard, I., 72, 73

Society of Men of Letters, I., 103

Society of Musical Artists, I., 315

Soissons, Hôtel de, I., 318

Sorbonne, The: its founder, II., 49; its teaching and influence, 50; its condemnation of Joan of Arc, and various decrees, 50, 51; and Cardinal de Richelieu, 51; at the Revolution, 51; resuscitated, 52; famous professors, and views of Mercier, 52, 53

Sorcerers, Burning, I., 3

Sorcery in Paris, I., 16, 42

Sorel, Agnes: her château in the wood of Vincennes, and her treatment by the Parisians, I., 64

Soubise, Hôtel de, I., 304

Soult, Marshal, and the story of Murillo’s “Conception of the Virgin,” I., 206; and Marshal Ney, II., 103

Spain, Campaign in, represented on the stage, I., 75

Spanish garrison, The, and Henry IV., I., 314

“Spartans,” The, I., 103

Speculators, Successful, I., 295

Spontini’s operas, I., 135

Sporting Club, I., 140

Sports and diversions, II., 254-256

Spy system, I., 271-275; II., 17-19

Stage, The, denounced by the church, I., 56

Stalls, Old wooden, II., 265

States-General, II., 232

Steel, Manufacture of, II., 236

Steeple-chases, II., 287, 288

Stone Age, Specimens in the Artillery Museum of the, II., 85

Strasburg, Boulevard, I., 95

Strasburg, The revolutionary spirit in, I., 52, 54

Street-musicians, II., 327, 328

Streets: nomenclature, and system of numbering houses, II., 28; lighting, 28; scavengers, 28; vehicles, 30-32

Strolling players, II., 20

Students: I., 250; in the Middle Ages, 355; characteristics, 345, 355; at the Revolution and under the Directory, 357; in 1814, 357; in 1819, 358; and the death of Lallemand, 358, 359; at the Revolution of 1830, 359; and the death of Papu, 359; their present indifference to politics, 359; anecdote, 359; in the Quartier Latin, II., 65; assembling in the Place Maubert, 71

Sulpice, St., Church of: antiquity and history, II., 171, 172; architecture, sculpture, pictures and organ, 172; harpsichord of Marie Antoinette, 173; re-named at the Revolution, 173

Sunday in Paris and in London, II., 12

Superstitions of past times, I., 4, 16

Swimming-baths, II., 255

Swiss Guard, their heroism, I., 170

Synagogue, of the Rue Notre Dame de Nazareth, I., 304, 339; in the Rue de la Victoire, 340

Talleyrand, at the national celebration in the Champ de Mars, I., 232; his house in the Rue de Grenelle, II., 239; his career, 239-241; death-bed anecdote, 241; and the Breton Club, I., 62

Talma, I., 103, 176, 350

Talmont, Princesse de, and the arrest of her lacquey, I., 63

Tapestries in the Cluny Museum, II., 80

Tavanne, Marshal de, I., 23

Taverns, II., 308

Tax on theatres, I., 175; II., 335

Teligni, Count, Assassination of I., 26

Templars, Arrest and execution of, I., 276; sequestration of their property, 303

Temple, The, and the imprisonment of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, I., 70; the escape of Sir Sidney Smith, 72, 73

Temple, Boulevard du, I., 70, 80, 85

“Temple of Hymen,” I., 299

Temple Market, I., 303, 304

Temple of the Oratory, Protestant, I., 314

Temple, Rue du, and the Assassination of the Duke of Burgundy, I., 2; and the Templars, 303

Temple of Terpsichore, Madeleine Guimard’s, I., 127

Tennis-ground of the Count d’Artois, I., 84

Théâtre, Beaujolais, I., 183; Beaumarchais, I., 43, 67; du Châtelet, I., 291, 292; Château d’Eau, I., 85; Dejazet, I., 84; Folies Saint-Germain, II., 89; Français, I., 11, 44-46, 111; Gaieté, I., 302, 303; Guénégaud, I., 174; des Italiens, I., 117; L’illustre, II., 291; du Marais, I., 174; II., 110; of the Marble Table, I., 250, 252; Molière, I., 298; Montparnasse, II., 250; Odéon, I., 175; II., 110, 291, 292; Opéra Comique, I., 292; Palais Royal, I., 184; Panthéon, II., 89; Renaissance, I., 86, 93; Variétés, I., 103, 104

Theatres: and military spectacles, I., 75; in the Boulevard du Temple, 76; in the Rue de Bondi, 85, 86; their discomforts, 131, 132; military guards, 132; taxation, 175; II., 335; the petite loge, I., 184

Theo, Mlle., I., 93

Thermes, Palais des, II., 73, 74

Thierry, Édouard, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290

Thiers, M., and the fortifications of Paris, I., 7, 8; his description of the coronation of Napoleon, 20; and the attempt on the life of Louis Philippe, 77; fights a duel, 351; and the Commune, II., 356

Thieving, Ancient punishment for, I., 3

Thomas, M. Ambroise, and the Conservatory of Music, I., 335

Tiberius erecting an altar on the future site of Notre-Dame, I., 3

Tight-rope dancers, I., 226

Tobacco factory, II., 154, 155

Tobacconists, II., 155

Tomb of King Dagobert, I., 102

Torpane, Hôtel de, II., 160

Torturing criminals, I., 4, 17, 18, 34, 35, 79, 80; II., 136

Tournon, François de, II., 166

Tower of Nesle, II., 288

Trades, Petty, II., 259-266

Tradesmen living above their shops, I., 311

Trianon, II., 340

Tribunal of Commerce, I., 267, 269, 294

Tribunal of police, I., 262

Tricolour, Assumption of the, at the Revolution of 1789, I., 48, 246

“Tricoteuses,” II., 361

Triumphal Arch: Porte Saint-Martin, I, 93; Champs Élysées, 59, 218, 224, 225

Trocadéro, The, I., 241

Trochu, General, and the defence of Paris, II., 350

Tuileries Palace: dome, I., 5; destroyed by the Communists, 201, 216; II., 359; new palace built by Catherine de Médicis, I., 206; its early royal residents, 207; occupied by the French Opera Company, 207; crowning of Voltaire, 207; and Louis XVI., 207, 208, 211-214; the gardens, 215, 216; meetings of the Convention, 215; Napoleon I. and other royal residents, 215; the famous chestnut-tree, 217; and the Legislative Body, II., 236

Turc, Café, I., 80

Turgot, I., 301

Turks, The, at Vienna in 1683 and their introduction of coffee, I., 82

Typography, Masterpieces of, I., 307, 308

Underground Paris and the Catacombs, II., 99-101

Union Club, I., 140

University of Paris: date of origin, II., 45; international teaching, 46; famous students, 46; privileges and government, 46; and the Jesuits, 46, 47; suspension, 47

Val de Grâce, Church of, II., 90, 91

Vandermond, M., and the Exhibition of Machines, I., 302

Variétés Theatre, I., 103, 104

Vaucanson machines, I., 302

Vaudeville Theatre, I., 130, 131; and the performance of the Dame aux Camélias, 131

Vaudrey, Colonel, and Louis Napoleon’s Strasburg Expedition, I., 95

Védl, M., and Madame Rachel, I., 298

Vehicles, II., 30-32

Vendôme Column: I., 133; its architect and construction, 155; design and history, 155-158

Vendôme, Place: its construction and its architect, I., 155; statue of Louis XIV., 155; name changed to Place des Piques, 155; Napoleon and the Column, 155; history of the Column, 155-158; Hôtel Continental, 158; Ministry of Justice and the Hôtel du Rhin, 158

Venise, Rue de, and the assassination of a banker, I., 298

Verdi’s operas, I., 135

Vermond, Execution of, I., 35

Vernet, Carle, and the Café Foy, I., 110

Véron, Dr., II., 270

Versailles, Palace of, and Louis XIV., II., 338; description of a fête in 1668, 340-343; visit of the Tsar in 1717, 343, 344; and Louis XV. and Louis XVI., 344, 345; invaded by the mob, 346

Versailles, Town of, origin of name and Saint-Simon’s description, II., 338-340; occupied by the Prussians, 352

Vertbois Tower, I., 302

Victor of Nîmes and his cure for torticolis, I., 332

Victor, St., Canons of, and the leper asylum, II., 142

Victoria, Queen, her visit to Paris in 1855, I., 291

Vidocq, Lieutenant of Police, I., 274; II., 18

Villon, François, II., 89

Vincennes: resort of duellists, I., 59, 62; place of confinement of the Young Pretender, 63; Agnes Sorel’s château at, 64; as a military station, 64; citadel, Gothic church and dungeon, II., 286; surrounding views, 286, 287; “Bureau de Bienfaisance,” 288

Vinci, Leonardo da, his “La Joconde” in the Louvre, I., 204-206

Viollet-Leduc, M., and Notre-Dame, I., 14; and the restoration of royal tombs, II., 99

Virgin, Statues of the, legends connected with them, I., 266; legend of her stabbed image, 313

Visconti, place of his death, II., 177

Vitaux, Baron de, and his duels, I., 348

Volney and the Breton Club, I., 162

Voltaire: his epic “La Henriade” and the monument to Henry IV., I., 35; defence of the stage, 58; and Adrienne Lecouvreur, 58, 183; and Ninon de Lenclos, 67; crowned at the Tuileries, 207; and his purchase in the Rue Saint-Denis, 311, 312; challenges a duke, 347, 354; place of burial, II., 63; as attorney’s clerk, 72; preservation of his heart, 92;

and the name of “Arout,” 107; place of death, 273; mental qualities, 274; early life and imprisonment, 274; early works, visit to England, and growth of his reputation, 275; post at Court, operas and travels, 276; Moore’s opinion of him, 276, 278; church of Ferney and ovations in Paris, 278; death and transference of remains to the Panthéon, 278, 279

Vosges, Place de, I., 68

Vrilliere, De la, and his mansion in the Place des Victoires, I., 322

Waiters, origin and antecedents, I., 369, 370; description of their habits and occupation, 370; overcharges, 371; exceptional traits, 371; their chief ambition, 372

Waldenses, Burning, I., 42

War implements in the Museum of Artillery, II., 83-88

Washington Club, I., 140

Wax-work in the Cluny Museum, II., 79

Waxen images and the priests of the League, I., 16

Wechel, Christian, censured for selling the works of Erasmus, II., 179

Weights and measures, II., 236, 315

Well at Bicêtre, II., 213

Wellington, Duke of, and Marshal Ney, II., 106

White Cloaks, Convent of the, I., 306

Winchester, Bishop of, and Bicêtre Asylum, II., 211

Wimpffen, General de, II., 358, 360

Witchcraft, Burning for, I., 40; popular belief in, 42

Women: effect of the Revolution on them, 165, 166; at theatres, I., 184, 186; American, II., 15

Work-girls, Caps of, I., 10

Workmen, Costume of, I., 10; quarters and dwellings of, 335; clubs for, II., 71

Workshops, National, II., 130, 247

Writers, Public, II., 3-7

Yacht Club, I., 139

Young, Arthur, Account given by, of the revolutionary outbreak in Strasburg, I., 52, 54; and the censorship of books, 126; and the Jacobin Club, 163; on Louis XVI. at the Tuileries, 208; his adventure at the springs in the Puy de Dôme, 210, 211; his description of Paris, 282, 283

Young Pretender, The, confined at Vincennes, I., 63

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Containing interesting Stories, with Full-page Illustrations. In handsome Picture Boards. (Also cloth gilt, 1s. 6d.)

Bright Tails and Funny Pictures. Merry Little Tales. Little Tales for Little People. Little People and their Pets. Tales Told for Sunday. Sunday Stories for Small People. Stories and Pictures for Sunday. Bible Pictures for Boys and Girls. Firelight Stories. Sunlight and Shade. Rub-a-dub Tales. Fine Feathers and Fluffy Fur. Scrambles and Scrapes. Tittle Tattle Tales. Wandering Ways. Dumb Friends. Up and Down the Garden. All Sorts of Adventures. Some Farm Friends. Those Golden Sands. Our Sunday Stories. Our Holiday Hours. Indoors and Out. Little Mothers and their Children. Our Schoolday Hours. Creatures Tame. Our Pretty Pets. Creatures Wild.

=EDUCATIONAL.=

“Work” Handbooks. A Series of Illustrated Practical Manuals prepared under the Editorship of Paul N. Hasluck, Editor of Work. (List on application.)

=Hand and Eye Training Cards for Class Use.= By George Ricks. In 5 Sets. Each.

=Latin Primer, The First.= By Prof. Postgate. M.A.

=Science Applied to Work.= By J. A. Bower. Illustrated.

=Science of Everyday Life.= By J. A. Bower. Illustrated.

=Howard’s Art of Reckoning.= By C. Frusher-Howard (Also at 2s. and 5s.)

=Cassell’s “Modern School” Test Cards.= Seven Sets of 40 Cards in Case. Each.

=Cassell’s “Combination” Test Cards.= Six Sets of 36 Cards with Answers in Packet. Each.

=Flowers, Studies in.= In Thirteen Packets, each containing Six Flowers. Each Packet.

=Complete Tot Book for all Public Examinations.=

=Spelling, Morell’s Complete Manual of.=

=Euclid Cassell’s.= First Six Books, with the 11th and 12th of Euclid.

=Drawing Copies, Cassell’s Modern School.= First Grade--Freehand. (Also Second Grade, freehand 2s.)

=Cassell’s Historical Readers.= The History of England for Elementary Schools. For UPPER STANDARDS.

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