Name: Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death
Author: F. W. H. Myers

IX. SCHEME OF VITAL FACULTY

IX. A. The following scheme[231] is not put forth as expressing deliberate convictions, supported by adequate evidence. Its speculative character has, in fact, excluded it from my text, yet I hope that it may not be without its use. For many men the difficulty of belief is not so much in defect of trustworthy evidence as in the unintelligibility, the incoherence of the phenomena described, which prevents them from being retained in the mind or assimilated with previous knowledge.

I have felt myself the full force of this objection, and I believe that some effort to meet it has become absolutely needful. Undoubtedly a record of facts without theories is the first essential. But the facts individually are like "stones that fall down from Jupiter,"--isolated marvels, each of which seems incredible until we have made shift to colligate them all.

Let us begin, then, by taking the most generalised view possible of all these phenomena. They appear, at any rate, to depend upon the presence of living human beings; and they are therefore in some sense phenomena of life. If, then, they are phenomena of life, they must be in some way derived from, or must bear some analogy to, the vital phenomena, the faculties and functions with which we are familiar in the experience of every day. Yet to say this brings us little nearer to our aim. Spirits may have ruled Mr. Moses' mind and body just as truly as our own conscious will rules our mind and body.[232] But the results which they produced were so different from any results which we can produce that it is hard to know where to begin the comparison. Is there not some middle term, some intermediate series, with which both these extreme series may have points of resemblance?

It is here that we ought to feel the advantage of previous discussions on man's own supernormal faculties,--on the powers of the Self below the threshold of ordinary consciousness. We have traced these powers in detail; we have noted the extension of the normal spectrum of consciousness beyond both red and violet ends, in response to subliminal control. Perhaps the profounder conception of the Self thus gained may help us to bridge over that gulf between the performances of the ordinary man and those of the so-called medium which heretofore has involved so difficult a leap. We may find that the spirit's power over the organism which it controls or "possesses,"--while possibly going much further than any subliminal power in the organism itself, as known to us,--may yet advance along similar lines, and receive explanation from hypnotic or telepathic phenomena. I will endeavour, then, to set side by side, in tabular form, the main heads of vital process or faculty as exercised (1) under normal or supraliminal control; (2) under subliminal and telepathic control; (3) under what is claimed as disembodied or spiritual control.

In arranging this scheme my first object is to bring all such phenomena as we actually have before us into intelligible connection; introducing by the way a few of the explanations given to Mr. Moses by his guides. Those explanations, however, are for the most part slight and vague, and our experimental knowledge of the phenomena is, of course, merely nascent and fragmentary. My scheme, therefore, cannot aim at complete logical arrangement. It must involve both repetitions and lacunæ; nor can it be such as the physiologist would care to sanction. But it will, at least, be a first attempt at a connected schedule or rational index of phenomena apparently so disparate that the very possibility of their interdependence b even now constantly denied.

SYNOPSIS OF VITAL FACULTY

FIRST SERIES:--PHENOMENA SUPRALIMINALLY CONTROLLED, OR OCCURRING IN ORDINARY LIFE.

1. Supraliminal or empirical consciousness; aware only of the material world through sensory impressions.

2. Physical nutrition, including respiration.

(a) Physiological and pathological processes and products.

3. Physical expenditure; action on material and etherial environment.

(a) Mechanical work done at the expense of food assimilated.

(b) Production of heat, odour, sound, chemical changes, as the result of protoplasmic metabolism.

4. Action on the incarnation of life on the planet.

(a) Reproduction, as physiological division.

5. Mental nutrition; sensory receptivity.

(a) Ordinary sense-perception.

(b) Memory.

6. Mental expenditure; response to stimuli.

(a) Intra-cerebral response; ideation.

(b) Emotion; will; voluntary innervation.

7. Modifications of supraliminal personality.

(a) Birth; as physiological individuation.

(b) Sleep; with dreams, as oscillations of the conscious threshold.

(d) Death; as physiological dissolution.

II.

SECOND SERIES:--PHENOMENA SUBLIMINALLY CONTROLLED.

1. Subliminal consciousness; obscurely aware of the transcendental world, through telepathic and telæsthetic impressions.

2. Physical nutrition modified by subliminal control.

(a) Suggestion, self-suggestion, psycho-therapeutics.

(b) Stigmatisation.

3. Physical expenditure modified by subliminal control.

(a) Mechanical work modified by psychical integration or disintegration; hysteria.

(b) Production of heat, and other specific effects upon matter, subliminally modified.

4. Action on the incarnation of life on the planet.

(a) Prenatal suggestion through intermediate organism of parent.

5. Mental nutrition (sensory and supersensory receptivity) subliminally controlled.

(a) Hyperæsthesia; anæsthesia; analgesia.

(b) Hypermnesia, manifested in dreams or automatisms.

(d) Telæsthesia or clairvoyance; perception of distant scenes; retrocognition; precognition.

6. Mental expenditure; response to stimuli modified by subliminal control.

(a) Subliminal ideation; the inspirations of genius.

(b) Motor automatism; concurrent consciousness; hyperboulia.

7. Modifications of subliminal personality.

(a) Birth; as spiritual individuation.

(b) Sleep and trance; self-suggested or telepathically suggested; with clairvoyant visions.

(d) Death; as irrevocable self-projection of the spirit.

III.

THIRD SERIES:--PHENOMENA CLAIMED AS SPIRITUALLY CONTROLLED.

1. Subliminal consciousness, discerning and influenced by disembodied spirits in a spiritual world, who co-operate in producing objective phenomena.

2. Physical nutrition modified by spirit-control.

(a) Spirit-suggestion; psycho-therapeutics.

(b) Stigmatisation.

3. Physical expenditure modified by spirit-control.

(a) Mechanical efficiency increased and fulcrum displaced.

(b) Control over individual material molecules; resulting in abrogation of ordinary thermal laws, and in aggregation and disaggregation of matter.

(c) Control over etherial manifestations; with possible effects in the domains of light, electricity, gravitation, and cohesion.

4. Action on the incarnation of life on the planet.

(a) Pre-conceptual suggestion or self-suggestion.

(b) Ectoplasy or Materialisation; temporary extradition or concentration of vital energy.

5. Mental nutrition modified by spirit-control.

(a) Ordinary sensory perception spiritually controlled.

(b) Memory controlled; retrocognition spiritually given.

(d) Telæsthesia developed into perception of spiritual environment; precognition.

6. Response to stimuli spiritually controlled.

(a) Ideation inspired by spirits.

(b) Motor automatism spiritually controlled; possession.

7. Modifications of personality from spiritual standpoint.

(a) Birth; as descent into generation.

(b) Sleep and trance induced, and visions inspired, by spirits.

(d) Death; as birth into completer personality.

(e) Vital faculty fully exercised in spiritual world.

IX. B. (1) The following case is quoted from the Journal S.P.R., vol. v. p. 253. Professor Luther writes:--

HARTFORD, CONN., March 2nd, 1892.

...Miss C. is often in my study and consults my books freely, so that her dream was not remarkable. The dream of Mrs. L. (my wife) was also ordinary in character. The coincidence in time of the dreams may have been merely a coincidence. But that after these occurrences Mrs. L. should suddenly, without the least premeditation and without hesitation, take the right book and open it at the right page with the certainty of a somnambulist, seems to me strange....

These events took place yesterday, last night, and this morning.

F. S. LUTHER (Prof. Math., Trinity College).

Mrs. L. and Miss C. live at the same hotel and meet daily. Miss C. is engaged in writing an essay upon Emerson, and expresses to Mrs. L. her wish to obtain some particulars as to Emerson's private life. Mrs. L. regrets that she has no book treating of the subject. During the night following this conversation Mrs. L. dreams of handing Miss C. a book containing an article such as is desired, and Miss C. dreams of telling Mrs. L. that she had procured just the information which she had been looking for. Each lady relates to the other her dream when they meet at breakfast the next morning. Mrs. L. returns to her room, and, while certainly not consciously thinking of Emerson, suddenly finds in her mind the thought, "There is the book which Miss C. needs." She goes directly to a bookcase, takes down vol. xvii. of the Century Magazine, and opens immediately at the article, "The Homes and Haunts of Emerson." Mrs. L. had undoubtedly read this article in 1879, but she had never studied Emerson or his works, nor had she made any special effort to assist Miss C. in her search, though feeling a friend's interest in the proposed essay.

After receiving the book and hearing how it was selected, Miss C. relates her dream more fully, it appearing that she had seemed to be standing in front of Mrs. L.'s shelves with a large, illustrated book in her hands, and that in the book was something about Emerson.

Still later it is found that Miss C. had actually noticed the article in question while actually in the position reproduced in her dream. This, however, had happened about a month previous to the events just narrated, and before she had thought of looking up authorities as to Emerson, so that she had entirely forgotten the occurrence and the article. Neither did she, at that time, call Mrs. L.'s attention to the article, or mention Emerson.

According to the best information attainable, Miss C. was not thinking of her essay at the time when Mrs. L. felt the sudden impulse to take down a certain book. And perhaps it should be added that the volume is one of a complete set of the Century variously disposed upon Mrs. L.'s shelves.

[This account is signed by Professor Luther, Mrs. L., and Miss C.]

Of special interest are a few cases where the actual mechanism of some brief communication from the spiritual world seems to suggest and lead up to the mechanism which we shall afterwards describe either as ecstasy or as possession.

(2) I give here a case which suggests such knowledge as may be learnt in ecstasy;--as though a message had been communicated to a sleeper during some brief excursion into the spiritual world,--which message was remembered for a few moments, in symbolic form, and then rapidly forgotten, as the sleeper returned fully into the normal waking state. What is to be noted is that the personality of sleep, to which I attribute the spiritual excursion, seems at first to have been "controlling" the awakened organism. In other words, Professor Thoulet was partially entranced or possessed by his own spirit or subliminal self.

I quote from Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 503-5, a translation of the original account of the case in the Annales des Sciences Psychiques (September-October, 1891).

Professor Thoulet writes to Professor Richet as follows:--

April 17th, 1891.

...During the summer of 1867, I was officially the assistant, but in reality the friend, in spite of difference in age, of M. F., a former officer in the navy, who had gone into business. We were trying to set on foot again the exploitation of an old sulphur mine at Rivanazzaro, near Voghera, in Piedmont, which had been long abandoned on account of a falling in.

We occupied the same rooms, and our relations were those of father and son, or of elder and younger brother....

I knew that Madame F., who lived at Toulon, and with whom I was slightly acquainted, would soon be confined. I cannot say I was indifferent about this fact, for it concerned M. F.; but it certainly caused me no profound emotion; it was a second child, all was going well, and M. F. was not anxious. I myself was well and calm. It is true that a few days before, in Burgundy, my mother had fallen out of a carriage; but the fall had no bad consequences, and the letter which informed me of it also told me there was no harm done.

M. F. and I slept in adjoining rooms, and as it was hot we left the door between them open. One morning I sprang suddenly out of bed, crossed my room, entered that of M. F., and awakened him by crying out, "You have just got a little girl; the telegram says ..." Upon this I began to read the telegram. M. F. sat up and listened; but all at once I understood that I had been asleep, and that consequently my telegram was only a dream, not to be believed; and then, at the same time, this telegram, which was somehow in my hand and of which I had read about three lines aloud, word for word, seemed to withdraw from my eyes as if some one were carrying it off open; the words disappeared, though their image still remained; those which I had pronounced remained in my memory, while the rest of the telegram was only a form.

I stammered something; M. F. got up and led me into the dining-room, and made me write down the words I had pronounced; when I came to the lines which, though they had disappeared from my memory, still remained pictured in my eye, I replaced them by dots, making a sort of drawing of them. Remark that the telegram was not written in common terms; there were about six lines of it, and I had read more than two of them. Then, becoming aware of our rather incorrect costume, M. F. and I began to laugh, and went back to our beds.

Two or three days after I left for Torée; I tried in vain to remember the rest of the telegram; I went on to Turin, and eight or ten days after my dream I received the following telegram from M. F., "Come directly, you were right."

I returned to Rivanazzaro and M. F. showed me a telegram which he had received the evening before; I recognised it as the one I had seen in my dream; the beginning was exactly what I had written, and the end, which was exactly like my drawing, enabled me to read again the words which I saw again. Please remark that the confinement had taken place the evening before, and therefore the fact was not that I, being in Italy, had seen a telegram which already existed in France--this I might with some difficulty have understood--but that I had seen it ten days before it existed or could have existed; since the event it announced had not yet taken place. I have turned this phenomenon over in my memory and reasoned about it many times, trying to explain it, to connect it with something, with a previous conversation, with some mental tension, with an analogy, a wish,--and all in vain. M. F. is dead, and the paper I wrote has disappeared. If I were called before a court of justice about it, I could not furnish the shadow of a material proof, and again the two personalities which exist in me, the animal and the savant, have disputed on this subject so often that sometimes I doubt it myself. However, the animal, obstinate as an animal usually is, repeats incessantly that I have seen, and I have read, and it is useless for me to tell myself that if any one else told me such a story I should not believe it. I am obliged to admit that it happened.

J. THOULET, Professor at the Faculté des Sciences at Nancy.

Professor Richet adds:--

M. Thoulet has lately confirmed all the details contained in his letter. He has no longer any written trace of this old story, but the recollection of it is perfectly clear. He assured me that he had seen and read the telegram like a real object....

(3) And now I quote a case where a kind of conversation is indicated between the sleeper and some communicating spirit;--recalling the scraps of conversation sometimes overheard (as it were) between Mrs. Piper and some "control" when she is in the act of awaking from trance. These moments "between two worlds" are often, as will be seen, of high significance. In the case here cited we seem to see Mr. Goodall at first misapprehending a message, and himself automatically uttering the misapprehension, and then receiving the needed correction from his invisible interlocutor.

From Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 453-5. The following narrative was communicated by Mr. Edward A. Goodall, of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours, London:--

May 1888.

At Midsummer, 1869, I left London for Naples. The heat being excessive, people were leaving for Ischia, and I thought it best to go there myself.

Crossing by steamer, I slept one night at Casamicciola, on the coast, and walked next morning into the town of Ischia.

Liking the hotel there better than my quarters of the previous night, I fetched my small amount of luggage by help of a man, who returned with me on foot beside an animal which I rode--one of the fine, sure-footed, big donkeys of the country. Arrived at the hotel, and while sitting perfectly still in my saddle talking to the landlady, the donkey went down upon his knees as if he had been shot or struck by lightning, throwing me over his head upon the lava pavement. In endeavouring to save myself my right hand was badly injured. It soon became much swollen and very painful. A Neapolitan doctor on the spot said no bones were broken, but perfect rest would be needful, with my arm in a sling. Sketching, of course, was impossible, and with neither books, newspapers, nor letters I felt my inactivity keenly.

It must have been on my third or fourth night, and about the middle of it, when I awoke, as it seemed at the sound of my own voice, saying, "I know I have lost my dearest little May." Another voice, which I in no way recognised, answered, "No, not May, but your youngest boy."

The distinctness and solemnity of the voice made such a distressing impression upon me that I slept no more. I got up at daybreak, and went out, noticing for the first time telegraph-poles and wires.

Without delay I communicated with the postmaster at Naples, and by next boat received two letters from home. I opened them according to dates outside. The first told me that my youngest boy was taken suddenly ill; the second, that he was dead.

Neither on his account nor on that of any of my family had I any cause for uneasiness. All were quite well on my taking leave of them so lately. My impression ever since has been that the time of the death coincided as nearly as we could judge with the time of my accident.[233]

In writing to Mrs. Goodall, I called the incident of the voice a dream, as less likely perhaps to disturb her than the details which I gave on reaching home, and which I have now repeated.

My letters happen to have been preserved.

I have never had any hallucination of any kind, nor am I in the habit of talking in my sleep. I do remember once waking with some words of mere nonsense upon my lips, but the experience of the voice speaking to me was absolutely unique.

EDWARD A. GOODALL.

Extracts from letters to Mrs. E. A. Goodall from Ischia:--

Wednesday, August 11th, 1869.

The postman brought me two letters containing sad news indeed. Poor little Percy. I dreamt some nights since the poor little fellow was taken from us....

August 14th.

I did not tell you, dear, the particulars of my dream about poor little Percy.

I had been for several days very fidgety and wretched at getting no letters from home, and had gone to bed in worse spirits than usual, and in my dream I fancied I said: "I have lost my dearest little May." A strange voice seemed to say: "No, not May but your youngest boy," not mentioning his name....

Mr. Goodall gave me verbally a concordant account of the affair, and several members of his family, who were present at our interview, recollected the strong impression made on him and them at the time.

(4) The next case is precisely a miniature case of possession.

From the Journal S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 278-280.

"The following account" (writes Dr. Hodgson) "was sent to me by Mr. John E. Wilkie at the suggestion of one of our American members who is well known to me, and who speaks in the highest terms of Mr. Wilkie as a witness:"--

WASHINGTON, D. C., April 11th, 1898.

In October 1895, while living in London, England, I was attacked by bronchitis in rather a severe form, and on the advice of my physician, Dr. Oscar C. De Wolf, went to his residence in 6 Grenville Place, Cromwell Road, where I could be under his immediate care. For two days I was confined to my bed, and about five o'clock in the afternoon of the third day, feeling somewhat better, I partially dressed myself, slipped on a heavy bath robe, and went down to the sitting-room on the main floor, where my friend, the doctor, usually spent a part of the afternoon in reading. A steamer chair was placed before the fire by one of the servants, and I was made comfortable with pillows. The doctor was present, and sat immediately behind me reading. I dropped off into a light doze, and slept for perhaps thirty minutes. Suddenly I became conscious of the fact that I was about to awaken; I was in a condition where I was neither awake nor asleep. I realised fully that I had been asleep, and I was equally conscious of the fact that I was not wide awake. While in this peculiar mental condition I suddenly said to myself: "Wait a minute. Here is a message for the doctor." At the moment I fancied that I had upon my lap a pad of paper, and I thought I wrote upon this pad with a pencil the following words:--

"DEAR DOCTOR,--Do you remember Katy McGuire, who used to live with you in Chester? She died in 1872. She hopes you are having a good time in London."

Instantly thereafter I found myself wide awake, felt no surprise at not finding the pad of paper on my knees, bcause I then realised that that was but the hallucination of a dream, but impressed with that feature of my thought which related to the message, I partly turned my head, and, speaking over my shoulder to the doctor, said: "Doctor, I have a message for you."

The doctor looked up from the British Medical Journal which he was reading, and said: "What's that?"

"I have a message for you," I repeated. "It is this: 'Dear Doctor: Do you remember Katy McGuire, who used to live with you in Chester? She died in 1872. She hopes you are having a good time in London.'"

The doctor looked at me with amazement written all over his face, and said: "Why,---- what the devil do you mean?"

"I don't know anything about it except that just before I woke up I was impelled to receive this message which I have just delivered to you."

"Did you ever hear of Katy McGuire?" asked the doctor.

"Never in my life."

"Well," said the doctor, "that's one of the most remarkable things I ever heard of. My father for a great many years lived at Chester, Mass. There was a neighbouring family named McGuire, and Katy McGuire, a daughter of this neighbour, frequently came over to our house, as the younger people in a country village will visit their neighbours, and used to assist my mother in the lighter duties about the house. I was absent from Chester from about 1869 to about 1873. I had known Katy, however, as a daughter of our neighbour and knew that she used to visit the house. She died some time during the absence I speak of, but as to the exact date of her death I am not informed."

That closed the incident, and although the doctor told me that he would write to his old home to ascertain the exact date of Katy's death, I have never heard from him further in the matter. I questioned him at the time as to whether he had recently thought of Katy McGuire, and he told me that her name had not occurred to him for twenty years, and that he might never have recalled it had it not been for the rather curious incident which had occurred. In my own mind I could only explain the occurrence as a rather unusual coincidence. I was personally aware of the fact that the doctor's old home had been Chester, Mass., and had frequently talked with him of his earlier experiences in life when he began practice in that city, but never at any time during these conversations had the name of this neighbour's daughter been mentioned, nor had the name of the neighbour been mentioned, our conversation relating entirely to the immediate members of the family, particularly the doctor's father, who was a noted practitioner in that district.

JOHN E. WILKIE.

Dr. De Wolf, in reply to Dr. Hodgson's first inquiry, wrote:--

6 GRENVILLE PLACE, CROMWELL ROAD, S.W., April 29th, 1898.

DEAR SIR,--In reply to your letter of the 27th inst., I regret that I cannot recall with any definite recollection the incident to which Mr. Wilkie refers.

I do remember that he told me one morning he had had a remarkable dream--or conference with some one who knew me when a young lad.--Very truly yours,

OSCAR C. DE WOLF.

Dr. Hodgson then sent Mr. Wilkie's account to Dr. De Wolf, with further inquiries, to which Dr. De Wolf replied as follows:--

6 GRENVILLE PLACE, CROMWELL ROAD, S.W., May 4th, 1898.

DEAR SIR,--Mr. Wilkie's statement is correct except as to unimportant detail. My father practised his profession of medicine, in Chester, Mass., for sixty years--dying in 1890. I was born in Chester and lived there until 1857, when I was in Paris studying medicine for four years. In 1861 I returned to America and immediately entered the army as surgeon and served until the close of the war in 1865. In 1866 I located in Northampton, Mass., where I practised my profession until 1873, when I removed to Chicago.

Chester is a hill town in Western Mass., and Northampton is seventeen miles distant. While in Northampton I was often at my father's house--probably every week--and during some of the years from 1866 to 1873 I knew Katy McGuire as a servant assisting my mother.

She was an obliging and pleasant girl and always glad to see me. She had no family in Chester (as Mr. Wilkie says) and I do not know where she came from. Neither do I know where or when she died--but I know she is dead. There is nothing left of my family in Chester. The old homestead still remains with me, and I visit it every year.

The strange feature (to me) of this incident is the fact that I had not thought of this girl for many years, and Mr. Wilkie was never within 500 miles of Chester.

We had been warm friends since soon after my location in Chicago, where he was connected with a department of the Chicago Tribune. I came to London in 1892 and Mr. Wilkie followed the next year as the manager of Low's American Exchange, 3 Northumberland Avenue. His family did not join him until 1895, which explains his being in my house when ill.

Mr. Wilkie is a very straightforward man and not given to illusions of any kind. He is now the chief of the Secret Service Department of the U.S. Government, Washington, D. C.

Neither of us were believers in spiritual manifestations of this character, and this event so impressed us that we did not like to talk about it, and it has been very seldom referred to when we met.--Very truly yours,

OSCAR C. DE WOLF.

INDEX

A., Miss, automatic writing, and crystal visions of, 276 note, 289-290.

Abnormal and supernormal vital phenomena, 255-257.

Accidents, apparitions at time of, 106-107, 208.

Achille, case of, 359-361.

Across the Plains, cited, 97.

After-images-- Ghosts described as, 215. Veridical, 215.

Agassiz, dream intelligence exercised by, case of, 103.

Ages of Faith, cited, 277 note.

Agoraphobia, 34; cured by hypnotism, 136.

Aidé, Mr. Hamilton, cited, 320 note.

Aksakof, Hon. Alexander, case reported by, 291-292, 405; cited, 313; quoted, 433-437.

Alcohol in relation to hypnotism, 123, 135.

Alexander, Helen, case of, 388-390.

"Alma," case of, 211.

Alternating Personalities-- Addition of faculty in, 310. Memory in, 131, 310-311. "Possession" compared with, 308-309, 336. X., Félida, case of, 361-363.

Alterations de la Personalité, cited, 362.

Ambidexterity, relation of, to subliminal mentation, 68.

American Journal of Psychology, cited, 33 and note, 64 note, 170 note, 265 note, 270 note.

American Society for Psychical Research, see under Society for Psychical Research.

Amnesia, case of, 47.

Ampère, case of, 66, 68.

Anæsthesia-- Hypnotic, 138-141. Hysterical, unconsciousness of patient in, 36-37; injury not resulting from, 37-39; patches of, 37, 124. Witches, patches on, 124.

Anagrams automatically written, 264.

Analgesia induced by hypnotism, 138-141.

Anatomy of Sleep, cited, 416 note.

Angélique, Soeur, 308.

Animals-- Apparition possibly seen by, 456, 457 note. Hypnotisability and suggestibility of, 123-124. Proximity of, sensibility to, 380. Shock, effects of, on, 123. Telepathy between, 188 note.

Annales des Sciences Psychiques, cited, 284, 446.

Annales Médico-Psychologiques, cited, 47 note{1}, 49 note{1}, 379 note, 381 note, 382 note.

Année Psychologique, L', cited, 83 and note.

Apparitions, see Hallucinations.

Apparitions and Thought-transference, cited, 185 note{2}.

Arago, quoted, 71.

Arcanes de la vie future dévoilées, cited, 317.

Archives de Médecine, cited, 98 note{3}.

Archives de Nevrologie, cited, 49 note{1}.

Arithmetical calculations done under hypnotism, 152.

---- prodigies, 64-67.

Art, symbolism of, 79-80.

Attention, hypnotic influence on, 153.

Audition-- Coloured, 170 note. Defects of, removed by hypnotism, 143. Hyperæsthesia of, 270. Shell-hearing, 201.

Automatic writing, see under Motor Automatism.

Automatism-- Definition of, 168. Motor, see Motor Automatism. Sensory, see Sensory Automatism.

Automatisme Psychologique, L', cited, 48, 146 note, 308 note{2}; quoted, 85-86.

Ayre, Captain, case of, cited, 228 note.

Azam, Dr., case of patient of, quoted, 361-363.

B., Madame, telepathic hypnotisation of, 382-383.

--, S. H., apparition of, 210-211, 396-399.

Babylonian inscriptions deciphered in dream, 366-369.

Bacchus, Mrs., case of, 234.

Backman, Dr., case of patient of, 211.

Bacon, Francis, cited, 184, 341.

Baillarger, cited, 96.

Bajenoff, Rev. Basil, case attested by, 417.

Barnes, Mary, case of, 49 note{3}.

Barrett, Prof. W. F., cited, 320 note, 378, 380; S.P.R. promoted by, 9 note{1}.

Barrows, Dr. Ira, cited, 295.

Beauchamp, Sally, case of, 49, 308.

Beaumis, Prof., cited, 147 note.

Beecher, Sir Arthur, case of, cited, 244 note.

Bérillon, Dr. Edgar, cited, 133 note, 135 note{1}, 139 note, 153, 155 note, 272.

Berjon, Dr., cited, 49 note{1}, 379 note.

Bernheim, Professor, hypnotic cures by, 117; work of, 121-122; cited, 133 note, 134 note, 135 note{2}, 155 note, 159, 160, 166.

Bertha, Sister (Bertha Foertsch), apparition seen by, 228, 420.

Bertrand, Dr., work of, 119.

----, Rev. L. J., trance of, 400.

Bibliothèque Diabolique, cited, 277 note, 308 note{1}.

Bidder, Mr., case of, 66, 68.

Bigge, Wm. Matthew, case of, 384-385.

Biggs, Dr., cited, 146 note, 151 and note.

Binet, Professor, cited, 64 note, 83, 362.

Binns, Dr., cited, 416 note.

Blake, William, work of, 58.

Blindness, tactile hyperæsthesia with, 271.

Blyth, Mr., case of, 68.

Boeteau, M., case of patient of, 47.

Bouffé, cited, 133 note.

Bourdon, Dr., cited, 133 note, 134 note, 137 note{1}.

Bourne, Ansel, case of, 45-46.

----, Canon, apparition of, 195, 197.

----, the Misses, apparition seen by, 386-387.

Bourru, Dr., cited, 49 note{1}, 146 note.

Boyle, Mr., case of, cited, 107 note.

Braid, work of, 120 and note{2}-121; squint of, 125-126.

Brain-- Possession, functions in, 190, 201. Recovery of, from injury, 81-82. Spirit's action on, 305. Telepathic communications in relation to, 304-305.

Brain, cited, 49 note{3}, 98 note{1}, 153 note{2}.

Bramwell, Dr. J. Milne, cited, 49 note{3}, 120 note{2}, 123, 124 note, 126 note, 129 note, 135 note{2}, 137, 152, 153, 154; quoted, 41.

Breuer, Dr., cited, 40-41 and note.

British Medical Journal, cited, 137 note{3}, 139 note.

Brown, George, evidence given by, 413.

Browne, Miss, 285.

Bruce, Dr., case of, 107-108, 237; quoted, 371-373.

Buddhism, 349, 352-353.

Bulletins de la Société de Psychologie Physiologique, cited, 382.

Burot, Dr., cited, 49 note{1}, 146 note.

Buxton, case of, 66, 67.

C., Miss, dream of, 315, 445-446.

Cædmon's poem, cited, 104 note.

Cahagnet, Alphonse, cases of subjects of, 299, 317-318; cited, 204.

Calculating boys, 64-67.

Calculations under hypnotism, 152.

Campbell, General, case of, cited, 243.

----, Miss Catherine M., apparition seen by, 243, 429.

Camuset, Dr., cited, 49 note{1}.

Cataplexy produced by shock, 123.

Cevennes, miracles of the, 285.

Chabaneix, Paul, cited, 71 and note.

Chaddock, Dr. C. G., cited, 98 note{4}.

Character, hypnotic influence on, 133-135 and notes, 155, 381-382.

Charcot, Prof.-- Cited, 52 note, 103 and note[3], 132 note. Hypnotic school of, 121. Stages in hypnotism, theory as to, 130.

Charms, potency of, 164.

Childhood, 92.

Children-- Education and training of, value of hypnotism in, 133 _and note_--134 and note. Phantasms of, 456, 457 note. Terrors of, 33-34.

Chinese devil-possession, 307-309.

Chloroform, influence of, on suggestibility, 122-123.

Christian Science, 128, 165.

Christianity, 3-4, 342, 346, 349-352.

Clairvoyance-- Automatic messages due to, 325. Definition of term, 6 note{1}; inadequacy of term, 105. Dying, of the, 233. Genius a kind of, 344. Joan of Arc, case of, 267. Medical, 380-381. Telepathy, relation to, 187. Travelling-- Cases of, 205-206, 400. Dreams, likeness to, 205. Ecstasy and extension of, 337-338. Hypnotic, 163. Nature of, 204-205. Savages, among, 345. Sleep, during, 301.

Claustrophobia cured by hypnotism, 136.

"Clelia" case, cited, 277 note.

Cobbe, Miss, cases of, cited, 233.

Colburn, case of, 66, 67.

Coleridge, Hartley considered as a genius, 60.

----, S. T.--inspiration of Kubla Khan, 104.

Colonial animals, analogy from, 30.

Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie, cited, 146 note.

Condillac, cited, 71.

Conley, Elizabeth, vision seen by, 315, 412-415.

Consciousness-- Central, in relation to minor consciousness, 30. Complexity and memory the test of, 28-30. Dogs, of, 29. Double, see Secondary Personality. Ethical and legal view of, 29. Mind, relation to, 29. Spectrum of, solar spectrum analogous to, 18-19. Subliminal, 14-16. Unreliability of, 14.

Continuity-- Doctrine of, 346. Evidence, in, demand for, 213. Life, of, presumptive proof of, 184. Subliminal mentation, of, 280.

Contribution à l'étude de l'hypnotisme, cited, 382 note.

Coomes, Dr. M. F., cited, 146 note.

Cooper, Alfred, quoted, 370.

Cope, C. H., case collected by, 410-411.

Cosmic and Planetary-- Evolution, 342, 354. Phases of personality developed simultaneously, 114-115, 165-166.

Cosmic Law-- Christianity the fulfilment of, 346. Continuity of, 351.

Courier-Journal, cited, 146 note.

Cox, Mrs., case of, cited, 228 note.

Crawford and Balcarres, Earl of, cited, 320 note.

Crealock, Colonel, apparition seen by, 244.

Crimes committed under hypnotism, no evidence for, 37, 154.

Crookes, Sir W., cited, 24, 186, 319, 320 note; work of, 7.

Crowe, Mrs., cited, 317 note{2}.

Crum, Amos, evidence obtained by, 413-415.

Crystal Visions-- Collective, analogy of, with collective apparitions, 241. Distant knowledge acquired by, 201. Goodrich-Freer, Miss, experience of, 365. Hypnotisation accompanying, 181. Method and nature of, 180, 182-183. Supraliminally unapprehended facts, of, 103. Symbolic character of, 202. Telæsthesia in, 201-202. Telepathic sensibility accompanying gift of, 181-182, 187.

Crystals, sensibility to, 379.

Cryptomnesia, 279, 284, 286.

Cuvier, cited, 159.

D., Mrs., case of, cited, 228 note.

D. D. Home; His Life and Mission, cited, 319 note, 320 note.

Dase, case of, 66, 67, 68, 91.

De Fréville, Mrs., apparition of, 243-244.

De Genio Socratis, cited, 267 note{2}.

De Gourmont Rémy, quoted, 71.

D'Indy, M. Vincent, cited, 71.

De Jong, cited, 134 note, 135 note{1}.

De l'Intelligence, cited, 98 note{2}.

De la Suggestion et de ses Applications à la pédagogie, cited, 133 note, 134 note, 153 note.

De Musset, quoted, 71.

De Normandie, Rev. C. Y., quoted, 440.

De Puységur, Marquis, work of, 119 and note; cited, 157 note, 381.

De Vesci, Lady, case of, 269.

De Wolf, O. C., quoted, 451-452.

Dead, the, see Discarnate Spirits.

Deafness removed by hypnotic suggestion, 143.

Dean, Sidney, cited, 276 note.

Death-- Apparitions at or near time of, 9, 193, 225-226; causes conditioning, 225; time relations in, 224 note{2}, 225; three main types of, 220. Clairvoyance at time of, 233. Conditions of, taken on, in mediumistic trance, 318. Dream of, 228 note. Premonitory vision of, 370. Prevision of, by discarnate spirits, 232. Transitional stage immediately following, 230-232, 237, 240.

Dee, Dr., magic of, 180.

Delboeuf, cited, 139 note{1}, 141, 152.

Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123.

Delitzsch, Prof. Friedrich, 365.

Demoniacal possession, 307-309.

Dent, Mrs., 386.

Des Indes à la planète Mars, cited, 265 note, 279.

Despine, Dr. Prosper, 150 and note, 157 note, 381.

Dessoir, Herr Max, cited, 185.

Devils, possession by, 307-309.

Diamanti, case of, 64 note.

Dickens, Charles, cited, 82-83.

Dignowity, Karl, dream and vision of, 375-377.

Discarnate spirits-- Apparitions of-- Animals, possibly seen by, 456, 457 note. Automatic character of, 215, 221. Cases of, 226-229, 231-236, 366, 371-373, 375-376, 406-409, 410-411, 416-417, 420-429. Collective, 241-243. Compacts, in answer to, 235-236. Dying, seen by the, 233. Evidence for, Gurney quoted on, 222. Evidence of presence, not always to be considered as, 326. Ghosts, popular theories as to, 214-216. Nature of, 305-306. News of death, bringing, 234-235; coincident with, 239. Personal and local, 240-243 and note[2]. Premonitory, 406-411. Projected from incarnate minds, 234, 244-245, 249, 250 note. Repeated, 227, 231, 240-241, 401-404. Results of past mental action as a factor in, 245. Retrocognition in relation to, 245, 251. Spatial phenomena in relation to, 250. Twofold nature of, 306. Veridical after-images, 215-216. Attitude of, probable, towards earthly things, 229. Bewilderment of, immediately after death, 237, 240, 335. Communications from, 189, 217; difficulties of spirits in establishing, 335-337; case of Swedenborg, 317; types of, 218-219, 221. Corpse, knowledge regarding, indicated by, 236-238, 406-409. Death conditions of, reproduced in mediumistic trance, 318. Evolution amongst, theory as to, 345, 346. Ghosts, definitions of, 214-215. Identity, conception of, 334. Knowledge of, sources of, 289-290. Material perception of, 203. Physical intervention of, question as to, 24. Spacial relations of, 334. State of, 252-253, 350-351. Study of problems as to, method of, 229-230. Surviving friends, thought for, indicated by, 239. Telekinesis by, 312-314. Telepathy from, 16, 187, 238, 304. Terrene affairs-- Knowledge of present and future, evidence as to, 231-233, 292-293, 334. Memory of, evidence as to, 234-235, 412-415. Theology, knowledge of, 350. Time, relation to, 334. Welcome of friends into spirit world by, 233.

Dissociation of a Personality, cited, 49 note{2}.

Dissociation of ideas, 361.

Dissolution and evolution contrasted, 254-257.

Divining rod, 269, 378.

Distant knowledge, avenues to, 201.

Dodson, Miss L., apparition seen by, 410-411.

Dorez, Dr. A., cited, 137 note{1}.

Dowsing, 269, 378.

Drawing, automatic, 273 and note.

Dreams-- Acuteness of senses in, 97. Babylonian inscriptions deciphered in, 366-369. Death, of, 228 note. Hallucinations, defined as, 173. Hypermnesic, 102. Hypnotic memory of, 30. Inferences drawn in, 102. Life of, concurrent with waking life, 196. Lost objects, of, 364. Memory in-- Capricious nature of, 310-311. Ecmnesic periods of, 101. Hypnotic memory, relation to, 99-101. Pain, of, after operations under chloroform, 140. Scope of, as compared with that of waking memory, 102-104, 113. Supraliminally known but forgotten facts, of, 102. Supraliminally unapprehended facts, of, 102-103. Nature of, 43-44, 53. Permanent effect of certain, 97-98. Precognitive, 107-112, 371-373. Questions asked and replied to in, 278. Reasoning intelligence of, 103-104, 113-114, 365-366. Self-suggestion in, 98-99. Stevenson, R. L., of, 72-73. Storie, Mrs., case of, see Storie. Supernormal faculties exercised in, 104-112, 114, 366-375. Transitional, 231. Vision in, 172, 175-176. Visualisation in, 179.

Dreams of a Spirit Seer, cited, 317 note{1}.

Drewry, Dr., cited, 48.

Driesen, Baron Basil, apparition seen by, 416-417.

Drugs-- Hypnotic cure of impulse to, 135. Suggestibility, relation to, 122-123.

Du Magnetisme Animal, cited, 119 note.

Du Prel, cited, 43 note.

Dual existence in cosmic and planetary worlds, 114-115, 165-166.

Dufay, Dr., cited, 152; quoted, 365.

Dufour, M., hypnotic treatment by, 382 and note.

Dunraven, Lord, cited, 320 note.

Durand, cited, 139 note, 150 note.

Dyce, Dr., case of patient of, cited, 45 note.

Dynamometrical power and brain energy, 261.

E., Mlle. A., case of, cited, 147 note.

Ecmnesia-- Nature of, 310. Temporary and permanent, 300-301. Vivé, Louis, case of, 49.

Ecstasy-- Cases of, 337. Definition of, 303. Evidence for, 338. Possession merging into, 314-315. Revelations of, probably subjective, 317. Sleep, relation with, 116.

Education and training, value of hypnotism in, 133-134 and notes, 153.

Eeden, Van, cited, 133 note, 134 note, 135 note{2}, 139 note.

Egotistical view of life, 348.

Einige therapeutische Versuche mit dem Hypnotismus bei Geisteskranken, cited, 135 note.

Electricité Animale, cited, 381.

Elgee, Mrs., apparition seen by, 392-395.

Elliotson, Dr., cited, 159 note; mesmeric hospital of, 117-118, 120.

Ellis, Mrs., case of, cited, 228 note.

Encyclopædia Britannica, cited, 125 note.

End-organs-- Evolution of, 144. Knowledge acquired without aid of, 169-170.

Energy, ghost defined as persistent personal, 214-215.

Enthusiasts, self-suggestion in relation to, 42.

Environment, man's evolution a perception of, 74-76.

Epilepsy-- Hypnotism applied to, 46. Nerve-centres functioning in, 57. Post-epileptic states, 45-46.

Erfolge des therapeutischen Hypnotismus in der Landpraxis, cited, 135 note{2}.

Esdaile, hypnotic hospital of, at Calcutta, 52, 120; cited, 52, 139 note, 159-160, 380.

Essay on the Intellectual Powers of Man, quoted, 11.

État Mental des Hystériques, L', quoted, 36.

Ether, matter in relation to, 313.

Étude Scientifique sur Somnambulisme, cited, 150 note.

Eugenics, study of, 179.

Evens, Mr., case of, cited, 228.

Evil, view of discarnate spirits as to, 350-351.

Evolution-- By-products of, so-called, 75-76. Cosmic, 354. Dissolutive phenomena contrasted with that of, 254-257. Environment, a perception of, 74-76. Path of, 76. Perturbation masking, 257. Spiritual, 340-346. Subliminal faculties, problem of origin of, 90-91.

Experiences in Spiritualism with Mr. D. D. Home, cited, 320 note.

Experimental Study in Hypnotism, An, cited, 98 note{4}, 146 note.

Fahnestock, Dr., cited, 163 note; quoted, 381; work of, 121.

Fairman, Mrs., case of, cited, 228 note.

Faith-- Aims of, 342-343. Impulse given to, by spiritualistic knowledge, 341. Need for, 348. Self-suggestion in relation to, 166-167. Uncertainty as an aid to, 343.

Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subject, quoted, 69.

Fancher, Mollie, case of, 51 and note[1].

Faraday, cited, 263.

Farez, Paul, cited, 134 note.

Farler, Archdeacon, case of, 227; cited, 240.

Faure, Dr., cited, 98 and note[3].

Féré, Dr., cited, 98 note{1}, 261 and note.

Fetichism, cures in relation to, 164-165.

Finney, Mrs. W. A., quoted, 438-440.

Flournoy, Prof., cited, 170, 265 note{1}; case of patient of, discussed, 279-286.

Foissac, cited, 150 note.

Fontan, Prof., cited, 150 note.

Forel, Dr. Auguste, cited, 135 note{2}; cases of, cited, 153.

Forum, cited, 210 note.

Fraud in connection with spiritualism, 313, 329.

Frémont, General, apparition of, 395.

Freud, Dr., cited, 40-41 and note.

Fryer, Mr., cited, 155 note.

Fuller, case of, 66.

G., Mr. F., apparition seen by, 406-409.

--, H., quoted, 408.

--, K., quoted, 408.

Galton, Mr., cited, 65, 96.

Garrison, Mr., case of, 272.

Gauss, case of, 66, 68.

Genius-- Aberrant manifestation, considered as, 56. Definition of, 20, 56, 60-61. Growth, analogy with, 82. Hallucinations resembling inspirations of, 178. Hypnotism and automatism in relation to, 72, 80-81. Hysteria in relation to, 41, 53. Inspirations of, 63-73, 80, 173, 179. Internal vision of, 173. Irregularities of, 76-77. Lombroso's theories as to, 56, 74. Nature of, 20, 63-64. Normal, the best type of, 57, 61-63. Origin of, 89-90. Potential in all men, 63. Scope of term, 56-57. Sensitive's faculties, relation to, 83-84. Sleep and, analogy between, 104. Socrates, case of, 83-34, 266. Stevenson, R. L., case of, 356. Subjective rather than objective effects the real test of, 60-61. Subliminal perceptions, the co-ordinated effect of, 58, 63-73, 80. Substitution of control in, 301. Telepathy and telæsthesia, relation to, 84-85. Visual images of, 179.

Geometrical patterns and subliminal mentation, 69-70.

Germany, work on hypnotism in, 120.

Ghosts, see Discarnate Spirits.

Gibert, Dr., experiments by, 160, 185, 382-383.

Gift of D. D. Home, The, cited, 319 note, 320 note.

Glanvil, Richard, cited, 7 note{1}.

Goerwitz, E. F., cited, 317 note{1}.

Goethe, cited, 184.

Goodall, Edward A., case of, 315, 448-449.

Goodhart, S. P., cited, 47 note{2}.

Goodrich-Freer, Miss, cited, 180 note; crystal-gazing experiments of, 103, 365.

Gottschalk, Mr., case of, 206.

Grande Hysterie chez l'Homme, La, cited, 49 note{1}, 379 note.

Grant, Mr. Cameron, case of, cited, 221 note{1}, 273 note.

Green, Mrs., case of, 238.

Griesinger, cited, 96.

Gurney, Edmund-- Cases investigated by, 108, 320, 369. Cited, 5, 9 and note[1], 107 note, 111, 112, 125, 130-131, 137, 147 note, 152, 160-161, 174, 188, 189, 192, 198, 206, 207, 215, 225, 235, 238, 242, 243, 255, 260, 274-275, 396, 433. Quoted, 222-224, 397, 398, 399, 430.

Guthrie, Malcolm, cited, 185 note{1}.

Hall, Miss, case of, cited, 237.

----, Prof. Stanley, cited, 33 and note.

Hallucinations-- Accidents, at time of, 106-107, 208. Arrival cases, 194, 384-385. Auditory, 245-246. Bystander the percipient of, 387-390. Collective cases, 187, 194-196, 198-199, 200, 306. Crises other than death, connected with, 193, 208, 390-391. Death, at or near time of, see Death--Apparitions. Death-compacts prematurely fulfilled, 209. Discarnate spirits, of, see Discarnate Spirits--Apparitions. Experimental production of, 209-211. Genius, resembling inspirations of, 178. Healthy subjects, of, 192 and note. Hyperæsthesiæ, defined as, 173. Hypnotism in relation to, 148, 178. Living, of the-- Cases of, 390-399. Continuous series from, to those of the dead, 9-10. Morbid, 179. Optical laws not followed in, case of, 386-387. Premonitory dream, 106-109, 371-373. Projection of figures by agent, 409. Promises, in fulfilment of, 418-420. Psychorrhagic cases, 193-198. Repetition of, 194-195. Report of Census of, cited, 174 and note, 192, 193, 226, 233; quoted, 390-391, 400-405, 418-420. Spirit excursion in relation to, 177-178. Threefold classification of, 220. Veridical-- Nature of, 175-177, 216-217; two-fold nature of, 306. Types of, apparently outside scope of telepathy, 188-189. Waking, 206-207.

Hamilton, Duchess of, vision of, 370.

Handwriting, automatic, see Motor Automatism--Writing.

Hanna, Rev. Thos. C., case of, 47-48.

Harriss, Miss, case of, cited, 228 note.

Hart, Mr., communication from, after death, 332.

Hartmann, Dr. Von, cited, 70-71.

Haunting-- Cases of, 244, 421-429. Earth-bound spirits, by, 241. Theories as to, 215-216, 247-251. Unconscious, possibility of, 244. Veridical after-images, 215-216.

Hawkins, Mrs., case of, cited, 195 and note[1].

Haydon, genius of, 60.

Hearing, see Audition.

Hector, Mr., case of, 237.

Herald, The (Dubuque, Iowa), case reported in, 412.

Hernaman, Mrs., case of, cited, 227 note{2}.

Herschel, Sir John, quoted, 69.

Heteræsthesiæ-- Hypnotism, produced by, 142, 144-145. Organic substances, evoked by, 378, 380.

Highest-level nerve-centres, function of, 57.

Hill, Dr., cited, 137 note{2}.

----, Rev. R. M., case of, 227.

Hilprecht, Dr. Herman V., cases of, 103, 365-369.

----, J. C., quoted, 367.

History of Rationalism, cited, 4.

Hodgson, Dr. Richard-- Cases: attested by, 405-409; investigated by, 438-440, 449-451. Cited, 181, 297, 324, 328. Quoted, 327-328, 332-333, 335-336, 409.

Hoffmann, M. M., case attested by, 421.

Holiness, definition of, 354.

Home. D. D.-- Case of, 24, 158, 318-319, 327, 337. Literature concerning, 319 note--320.

----, Madame Dunglas, cited, 319 note, 320 note.

Homer, cited, 96 and note.

Horse-asthma, 380.

Hugo, Victor, 283.

Hydrozoon, analogy from, 30.

Hyperæsthesia-- Auditory, 270. Cases of, 270, 324. Hypnotism, produced by, 142-145. Tactile, 271. Telæsthesia in relation to, 201, 202.

Hypermnesia, 324.

Hypnagogic visions, 96, 97.

Hypnogenous zones, hypnotic trance induced by pressure on, 124.

Hypnopompic visions, 96-97.

Hypnosis-- External stimuli, place of, in producing, 120, 122-125. Highest level centres active in, 37-38, 151, 154. Middle level centres: active in, 148-149: under control of higher centres if necessary, 154. Mono-ideism a misleading term for, 137. Narcosis contrasted with, 123. Nature of, 116-117. Normal state of organism the effect of, 39. Prolonged, effects of, 93-94. Sleep, relation to, 122.

Hypnotism-- Agoraphobia cured by, 136. Anæsthetic agent, as, 138-141. Analgesia induced by, 138-141. Animals, sensibility of, to, 123-124. Attention, influence on, 137-142, 153. Charcot's school of, 121. Children susceptible to, 133-134 and notes. Claustrophobia cured by, 136. Community of sensation between hypnotiser and subject, 162. Consciousness under, 131-132 and note. Crimes not committed under, 37, 154. Crystal-visions, as a factor in seeing of, 181. Cures effected by, 122; classes of cases treated by, 133 note--134 and note. Definition of term, 53-54, 156. Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123, 135. Development of, 5. Distance no bar to, 160, 185. Dreams remembered under, 30. Dynamogenic effects of-- Attention and character, on, 151-155. Imagination, on, 147. Perceptive faculties, on, 142-145. Vaso-motor system, on, 145-146. Education, value in, 133-134 and notes, 153. Effluence theory, 127, 159, 160-161. Empirical development of sleep, considered as, 20. Epilepsy, applied to, 46. Faith cures in relation to, 166-167. Future of, 163. Genius and automatism in relation to, 80-81. ---- ---- sleep in relation to, 72. Hallucinations in relation to, 148, 178. Heteræsthesiæ produced by, 142, 144-145. Hyperæsthesiæ produced by, 142-145. Hysterical hypnogenous zones, trance induced by pressure on, 124. Idées fixes, cured by, 34, 138. Inhibition by-- Choice in exercise of faculty made possible by, 141-142. Education and training of children, value in, 133 _and note_--134 and note. Memory, as applied to, 137. Moral results of, 133-136. Pain, effect on, 139-141. Intellectual work done under, 152. Jealousy, influence on, 136-137. Kleptomania cured by, 134-135. Maladies cured by aid of, 120. Maniacs, in cases of, 125. Memory in-- Alternations in, 131. Exactness of, 152. Post-epileptic state of, 46. Purgation of, 137. Relation to dream memory, 99-101. Secondary restored, 47. Somnambulistic memory a part of, 156. Wider scope of, than of waking memory, 130-131. Monotonous stimulation, by, 125-126. Moral training and reform by, 133-135 and notes, 155, 381-382. Morphia habit cured by, 135-136 and note[1]. Music and, 261. Mysophobia cured by, 136. Nancy school of, 158. Narcotic drugs in relation to, 122-123. Operations performed under, 120. Pain treated by, 138-141. Passes, procured by means of, 119-120, 126, 158-159. "Phobies" cured by, 136. Pioneer work in study of, 117-122. Possession externally indistinguishable from, 301. Post-hypnotic suggestions, three main types of, 219. Rapport in, 162. Red light in relation to, 261. Salpêtrière school of, 121, 123, 132 note, 147 note, 308, 381. Self-suggestion in-- Braid's discovery of, 120. Fahnestock's results in, 121. Nature of, 129. Neuro-muscular changes produced by, 128-129. Schemes of, 127-128, 163-165. Stimuli, external, merely signals for action of, 125. Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129. Sexual disorders cured by, 135. Sleep in relation to, 72, 121-122, 123. Somatic signs of, 121. Somnambulic state contrasted with, 137. Squint, convergent, produced by, 120, 125-126. Stages of-- Charcot's three stages, 130; depth of, 131; Gurney's two stages, 130-131. Stigmatisation due to self-suggestion, 146 and notes. Subliminal operation in, 129-130, 132, 143, 147-149. Suggestion in-- Braid's discovery, 120. Nature of, 126-127. Mode of action unknown, 159. Responsiveness to, requisite, 122-123. Telæsthesia in relation to, 149-150. Telepathic, 158-163, 382-383. Telepathic v. physical influence, 160-161. Travelling clairvoyance under, 163. Will-power, effect on, 153-154.

Hypnotism (Dr. Bramwell), cited, 120 note{2}, 126 note, 129 note.

Hypnotisme, Double Conscience, etc., cited, 361 note.

Hypnotisme et l'Orthopédie morale, L', cited, 134 note.

Hypnotismus und seine Anwendung in der praktischen Medicin, Der, cited, 135 note{2}.

Hyslop, Prof., cited, 333 and note.

Hysteria-- Anæsthesia in-- Accidents avoided in, 37, 38. Fanciful areas of, 37, 38. Organic disease unnoticed in, 39. Patches of (witch marks), 124. Sensibilities, separation of, 52. Unconscious, 36-39. Aphasia in, 52. Genius in relation to, 41, 53. Hyperæsthesia in, 52-53. Nature, of 40. Predisposition to, causes of, 40-42. Types of, 35. Visual area reduced in, 38-39. Witches, of, 5.

Idées fixes-- Disaggregation, first symptom of, 33. Enthusiasts of, 41-42. Hypnotic cure of, 34, 138. Nature of, 33-34.

Identity of discarnate spirits, cases offering proofs of, 433-439.

Illusions hypnagogiques, 96, 179, 182.

Imagination, effect of hypnotism on, 147.

Improvisation, 81, 82.

Inaudi, Jacques, case of, 64 note.

Incidents in my Life (D. D. Home), cited, 319 note.

Inhibition-- Hypnotic, see under Hypnotism. Socrates, case of, 268.

Inorganic matter, spiritual influence exerted on, 312-314.

Inquiry into Human Faculty, cited, 96.

Insane, drawings of the, 265 note{1}.

Inspiration the effect of subliminal uprush, 56, 65.

Instauratio magna, cited, 341.

_Introduction of Mesmerism with sanction of Government into the Public Hospitals of India, The_, cited, 139 note.

Jackson, Dr. Hughlings, cited, 57.

James, Prof. W., cited, 46, 48 note, 69 note{3}, 295 note, 327, 328 and note; quoted, 276 note, 329.

Janet, Dr. Jules, cases of patients of, 36-37; experiment by, 130.

----, Dr. Pierre, cases of patients of, 359-361, 382; cited, 36-37, 34 and note[1], 38-39, 48, 101 note{3}, 123, 146 note, 147 note, 275, 308 note{2}; quoted, 36, 85-86.

Jealousy cured by hypnotism, 136-137.

Jeanne des Anges, Soeur, cited, 277 note.

Jesus Christ, resurrection and teachings of, 351.

Joan of Arc, case of, 266-268.

Johnson, Miss A., cited, 174 note.

----, Samuel, 7 note{1}.

Johnstone, Rev. J. C., quoted, 110-111.

Jones, Mr. F. J., case of, cited, 228 note.

Jowett, Prof., cited, 86 note.

Kant, Immanuel, cited, 6, 317 note{1}.

Kapnist, Countess Eugénie, apparition seen by, 240, 418-420.

Kardec, Allan, cited, 283.

Keulemans, Mr., case of, cited, 181, 227 note{2}.

Kingsford, Dr. Anna, 283.

Kleptomania cured by hypnotism, 134-135.

Kobbé, Major, case of, 272.

Krafft, Ebing, Dr. R. von, case of patient of, 98-99; cited, 146 note.

Kubla Khan, inspiration of, 104.

L., Mr., case of, 186-187.

--, Mrs., dream of, 445-446.

Ladame, cited, 134 note, 135 note{2}.

Ladd, Prof., cited, 70 and note.

Lamartine, quoted, 71.

Lang, Andrew, cited, 180 note, 232 note{2}, 266 note, 267 note{1}.

Language, inadequacy of, in expressing needs of the psychical being, 77-78.

Lao Tzu, religion of, 349.

Lateau, Louise, case of, cited, 146 note.

Leaf, Dr. Walter, cited, 328 and note.

Lecky, Mr., cited, 4.

Lefébure, M., cited, 284.

Lemaître, Prof., cited, 284.

Léonie, case of, 308, 309.

Lett, Charles A. W., case reported by, 241-242.

----, Sara, apparition seen by, 242.

Lewis, Mr., dream of, cited, 106.

----, H. J., quoted, 364.

Liébeault, Dr. A. A.-- Cases of patients of, 220, 291, 294. Cited, 123 note, 130, 133 note, 134 note, 135 note{2}, 142 note, 143 and note[1], 155 note. Hypnotic school originated by, 121. Quoted, 432-433.

Life-- Continuity of, presumptive proof of, 184. Dual existence in material and spiritual world, 114-116. Etherial world, a product of, 76. Nature of, human ignorance of, 187-188. Passion for, a factor in universal energy, 344. Planetary origin of, an unproven theory, 74.

Light-- Magnetic, 379. Red, dynamometrical power increased by, 261.

Lightfoot, Mrs., case of, cited, 240.

Livre des Esprits, cited, 283.

Lodge, Sir Oliver, cited, 185 note{1}, 328 and note.

Lombroso, Prof., cited, 56.

Long, Geo. E., quoted, 431-432.

Lourdes, miracles of, 128, 164-165.

Love-- Definition of, 85, 344-345. Earth-loves, persistence of, in spirit world, 350-351. Planetary conception of, 85-86. Platonic conception of, 85-89. Underlying Power of the Universe, as, 347-349.

Lowest level nerve-centres, function of, 57.

Lucidité, see Clairvoyance and Telæsthesia.

Luther, Prof., quoted, 445-446.

----, Mrs. case of, 315.

Lyttelton, Hon. Mrs., 389.

M., Mrs., case of, cited, 244 note.

--, Marie, case of, 47.

--, S., quoted, 71.

Mabille, Dr., cited, 146 note.

Mabire, M. Etienne, cited, 185 note{1}.

McAlpine, Mrs., apparition seen by, 390-391.

M'Kendrick, Prof., cited, 125.

Macmillan's Magazine, cited, 146 note.

Maginot, Adèle, case of, 318.

Magnetic sense, 379.

Magnetism of the earth, 378.

Magnets, sensibility to, 379.

Mahomedanism, 352.

Maitland, Edward, 283.

Making of Religion, cited, 180 note.

Maladies de la Personnalité, Les, quoted, 11-12.

Mamtchitch, Eugène, apparition seen by, 315, 400-405.

----, Sophie, apparition seen by, 404-405.

Mangiamele, case of, 66, 67.

Maniacs, hypnotisation of, 125.

Manning, Mrs., case of, cited, 112 note.

Mannors, Elisa, automatic writings by, 332-333.

Marot, Dr., cited, 136 note.

Martian control of Hélène Smith, 284-285.

Martin, Mrs., case contributed by, 387-388.

Mason, Dr. R. Osgood, case of patient of, 50-51.

Massive motor impulses, 272-273.

Maury, M. Alfred, cited, 96.

Mauvaise honte cured by hypnotism, 137.

Medical clairvoyance, see under Clairvoyance.

Medico-Legal Journal, cited, 48.

Mediumship--a healthy faculty, 280-281; communications possibly affected by character of medium, 324.

Melbourne Argus, cited, 111.

_Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Etablissement du magnetism Animal_, cited, 119 note.

Memory-- Alternating personalities, in, 131, 310-311. Crystal-vision, subliminal memory reproduced by, 103. Dream-- Capricious nature of, 310-311. Relation to waking and hypnotic memories, 99-100. Ecmnesia, see that title. Hypnotism, in, see under Hypnotism. Hysteria, heightened in, 309. Multiple personality, in, 51. Possession, memory of controlling spirit evident in, 298-299. Post-epileptic, 46, 47. Secondary personality, of, 46-48. Somnambulistic, 156. Subliminal continuous, 15. Trance memory of spiritual world, 299.

Mesmer, work of, 5, 117, 118, 119.

Mesmerism-- Nervous effluence theory of, 119. Sensibility to objects treated by, 380.

Mesmerism in India, cited, 139 note.

Mesnet, Dr., case of, cited, 45 note.

Metetherial environment, 9 and note{2}, 166.

"Methectic," 217 note{2}.

Mettalæsthesia, 378-379.

Middle-level nerve centres-- Function of, 57. Unchecked rule of, in post-epileptic states, 45.

Mill, John Stuart, cited, 72.

Mind-reading, see Muscle-reading.

Mind, cited, 143 note{2}.

Mind-cure, Faith-cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes, cited, 165 note.

Mitchell, Rev. G. W., cited, 316 note.

Moberly, Mrs. Alfred, planchette experiments by, 287.

Modern spiritualism; a History and a criticism, cited, 313 note{1}.

Moncrieff, Major, case of, cited, 227 note{2}.

Mondeux, case of, 66, 67.

Mono-ideism, 137, 147.

Moral nature, splits in, 308.

Moral training and reform, hypnotism in, 133-135.

Morphia habit cured by hypnotism, 135-136 and note.

Morton, Miss R. C., apparition seen by, 421-429.

Moses, W. Stainton-- Case of, 24, 158, 274, 297, 298, 300, 314, 315, 319-327 337, 441-445. Spirit Teachings by, 321, 323.

Motor automatism-- Anagrams automatically written, 264. Definition of term, 168-169. Dissolutive and evolutive, 254-255. Dowsing, 269.

Drawing, 264-265 and note[1]. Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81. Idiognomonic, 258. Inhibitions, 269-272. Modes of, 273-274. Nunciative character of, 258-268. Possession, see that title. Range of, 259. Scope of, 21. Sensibility to motor impulses, 272-273. Sensory automatism: connected with, 268; compared with, 274. Speech, 274. Spirit drawings, 78-79. Spirit rapping, 262-264. Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401. Teleological, 285-286. Writing (hand-)-- Cases of, 291-292, 360. Moses, W. S., case of, see Moses. Spirit control, considered as proof of, 290. Writing (planchette-), cases of, 287-289, 433-437. Writing (hand- and planchette-),-- Contents of messages, classification of, 275-276. Early investigations of, 274-275. Knowledge evidenced in, sources of, 291-296. Literary style of, 78. Secondary personality, by, 275. Sources of, 275-276. Subliminal centres regulating, 58-59. Subliminal self, messages from, 276-278.

Mount-Temple, Lady, 320.

Multiple Personality, cases of, 49-51; memory in, 51.

Multiple Personality, cited, 47 note{2}.

Murray's Magazine, cited, 395 note.

Muscle-reading, 259-260.

Muscular resistance, sense of, in relation to subliminal mentation, 69.

Music, symbolism of, 79.

Musical execution, subliminally initiated, 273.

Musset, De, quoted, 71.

Myers, Dr. A. T., cited, 165 note, 174 note, 382.

----, F. W. H., 328; cited, 165 note.

Mysophobia cured by hypnotism, 136.

Myth, Ritual and Religion, cited, 232 note.

Nagel, cited, 144 note.

Nancy School of Hypnotism, 121, 158.

Narcosis, hypnosis contrasted with, 123.

Narcotics, see Drugs.

Nasse, cited, 120 note{1}.

Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance, cited, 139 note, 160 note{1}.

Neilson, cited, 135 note{2}.

Nerve cells, controlled by subliminal self, 34.

Nervous development, modern, rapidity of, 73-74.

Nevius, Dr., cited, 307, 309.

Nevroses et Idées Fixes, cited, 45 note{1}, 101 note{3}; case quoted from, 359-361.

Newbold, Prof. W. Romaine, case recorded by, 365; cited, 307, 328 and note; quoted, 103.

Newell, E. J., quoted, 364-365.

Newnham, Mr., case of, cited, 112 note.

----, Mrs., case of, 287-288, 295-296, 308.

----, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-989, 295-296.

Nineteenth Century, cited, 320 note.

Nordau, Dr. Max, cited, 56.

Normal-- Genius the best type of, 20, 57, 61-63. Misuse of word, 61.

Normandie, Rev. C. Y., de, quoted, 440.

Northern Standard, quoted, 391.

Notes of Séances with D. D. Home, cited, 320 note.

Observations de Médecine Pratique, cited, 150 note, 157 note, 381.

Occult Wisdom, 339.

On the so-called Divining Rod, cited, 378.

Pain-- Dream memory of, 140. Hypnotic suppression of, 138-141. Memory of, 140-141. Psychological entity, treated as, 140. Sense of, distinguished from temperature sense in hysteria, 52. Suggestion in removing, 140.

Painting, automatic, 273.

Palladia, apparitions of, 400-405.

Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, quoted, 271.

----, Dr. J. W., quoted, 272.

Parry, Mrs. Gambier, quoted, 421.

"Peak in Darien" cases, 233.

Pelham, George, control of, 235.

Pennée, Mrs., case of, cited, 244 note.

Percipient, definition of term, 9 note{3}.

Perception-- Distant, 201. Power of, 149-150.

Personality-- Common-sense view of, 11, 13. Co-ordination theory, 11-13, 26-27, 31. Cosmic and planetary, simultaneous development of, 114-115, 165-166. Dissociation of, 190-191, 196-197. Dual, 356-359. Hypnotic stratum of, 35, 37. Knowledge, new, not evidenced in changes of, 310, 311. Multiplex, 216. Psychological view of, 11-12. Secondary, see Secondary personality. Supraliminal life regarded as privileged case of, 169. Upbuilding of, notion of, 32.

Perturbation masking evolution, 357.

Pesaro, experiments of, 301.

Pessimistic views of life, 348.

Pététin, cited, 150 note, 381.

Petrovo-Solovovo, Mr. M., case collected by, 416-417.

Phædo, cited, 213.

Phantasmogenetic centres, 177, 188, 196, 197.

Phantasms-- Discarnate spirits, of, see Discarnate Spirits--Apparitions. Living, of the, 193-198, 205-207, 209-210.

Phantasms of the Dead from another point of view, cited, 409 note.

Phantasms of the Living, cited, 5, 9, 96, 108, 112 and note, 113 note{1}, 160 note{1}, 174, 185 and note[1], 188, 195 notes, 199 and note, 200 notes, 206, 207 notes, 208, 209 and notes, 210 note{1}, 217 note{1}, 223 and note[2], 224 and note, 225, 226, 227 and note[1], 233, 234 note{2}, 236 and note, 237, 240, 241, 243, 272, 291; quoted, 106-107, 205-206, 370-374, 384-385, 387-388, 392-396, 420, 430.

Phême, cited, 185.

Philosophy of Mysticism, cited, 43 note.

Philosophy of the Unconscious, cited, 71.

Pierce, A. H., cited, 14 note.

Piper, Mrs.-- Case of, 158, 189, 285, 297-300, 307, 309, 314, 315, 318, 319, 326-333, 337, 448. "George Pelham" control of, quoted, 336.

Pitres, Dr., 124.

Planchette, see Motor Automatism--Writing.

Plants, sensibility to presence of certain, 380.

Plato-- Cited, 137, 213, 217, note{2}, 282. Love, conception of, 85, 86-89. Pre-terrene training, theory as to, 91.

Plotinus, quoted, 352-355.

Plutarch, cited, 267 note{2}.

Podmore, Frank, cited, 9, 14 note, 174 note, 185 note{2}, 238, 244, 313 note{1}, 318, 409.

Points de repère, 181, 182.

Pole, W., quoted, 66.

Pole-Carew, Mrs., case attested by, 388-389.

Poltergeist phenomena, 246.

Possession-- Analogies for, 300-302, 307, 310-311. Angelic, diabolical or hostile, no evidence for, 307-310. Brain function in, 305. Cases of, 446-451. Chinese, 307, 309. Definition of term, 274, 298, 300. Demoniacal, 307-310, 359. Ecstasy, merging into, 314-315. Evidence for, 297-298. Home, D. D., case of, 318-319. Janet's treatment of, 361. Memory in, 298-299. Moses case, see Moses. Motor automatism contrasted with, 297. Nature of, 300-303, 311. Piper, Mrs., case of, see Piper. Place of, in psychical phenomena, 299-300. Pseudo-, 51, 359-361. Simulation of, in somnambulistic state, 157-158. Spirit possession-- Difficulties of controlling spirit in, 335-337. Home, D. D., case of, 319. Piper, Mrs., case of, discussed, 330-333. Subliminal self, as the domination of, 315-316, 318, 324, 325. Two or more spirits, by, 298.

Potolof, W., case attested by, 405.

Prayer, relation of, to telepathy, 184.

Precognition-- Death, of, 232, 370. Dreams, in, 107-112. Telepathy from discarnate spirits, defined as, 187.

Prince, Dr. Morton, case of patient of, 49 and note[2], 308.

Principles of Psychology, cited, 48 note, 69 note{3}.

Prolongeau, case of, 66, 67.

Proust, Dr., case of patient of, 46-47.

Proximity of plants and animals, sensibility to, 380.

Prudhomme, M. Sully, quoted, 71.

Psychical invasion-- Cases of, 193-198, 337; where agent has no memory of circumstance, 208; where agent and percipient retain memory of, 199-200, 209; where neither agent nor percipient retain memory of, 198-199. Dreams, in, 105, 112. Dying, by, 113. Ecstasy in relation to, 314. Evidence for, 302, 337-338. Living persons, of, 112-113. Telepathy almost indistinguishable from, 294.

Psychical Research, Christian evidence supported by, 352.

Psychische Studien, cited, 433.

Psychological Review, The, quoted, 329.

Psychology, advance in, during last twenty years, 279-280.

Psychology of Suggestion, cited, 47 note{2}.

Psychorrhagic diathesis, 196-197.

Psycho-Thérapie, cited, 133 note, 134 note, 135 note{2}, 139 note.

Psycho-therapeutics, development of, 5.

Pythagoras, 283.

Quarterly Journal of Science, cited, 320 note.

Quicherat, M., cited, 266, 267.

R., Mr. Van, of Utica, case of, 66, 67.

Ramsay, Mrs., apparition seen by, 394-395.

Raphael's San Sisto, inspiration of, 173.

Rarey, cited, 123.

Rawson, Henry G., cited, 185 note{1}.

Recent Experiments in Crystal Vision, cited, 180 note.

Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme, cited, 119 note.

Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme, cited, 157 note, 381.

Record of a Haunted House, cited, 421.

Red Light in hypnotism, 261.

Reddell, Frances, apparition seen by, 387-388.

Reed, Colonel, case of, cited, 200.

----, Mrs., case of, cited, 228 note.

Regis, cited, 135 note{1}.

Reichenbach, Baron, 379.

Reid, quoted, 11.

Reincarnation, doctrine of, 282-285.

Religio-Philosophical Journal, cited, 51 note{3}, 370-371, 437 note.

Religion-- Ancient Sage, of, 349-50. Buddha, of, 349, 352-353. Christianity, 342, 346, 349-350. Definition of, 85, 89, 347. Ideals of, 347-348. Natural, 349-350. Old-world beliefs not adapted to modern needs, 342. Oracular, development of, 346. Science, complementary to, 25, 354; scientific methods applied to truths of, 341. Synthesis of, provisional sketch for, 347-355.

Renterghem, Dr. van, hypnotic cures by, 117; cited, 133 note, 134 note, 135 note{2}, 139 note.

_Report of the International Congress of Experimental Psychology_, cited, 170 note.

_Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London Dialectical Society_, cited, 319 note.

Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism, cited, 320 note.

Retrocognition and Precognition, cited, 245 note.

Retté, M., cited, 71.

Revelation, telepathy a means for continuous, 350.

Rêves, Les, cited, 98, 101 note{2}.

Revue de l'Hypnotisme, cited, 46 note, 52 note, 101 note{1}, 133 note, 134 note, 135 notes[1] and [2], 136 note, 137 note{1}, 139, 140 note{1}, 142 note, 146 note, 147 note, 153 note{1}, 155 note, 170 note, 272 note, 382.

Revue de Médecine, cited, 101 note{3}.

Revue Philosophique, cited, 64 note, 139 note{1}, 143 note{2}, 150 note, 152 note{2}, 308 note{2}, 382, 430.

Revue Scientifique, quoted, 365 and note.

Reynolds, Mary, case of, 48-49.

Ribot, Mr., quoted, 11-12, 71-72.

Richet, Prof., work of, 121; table-tilting experiments of, 430; cited, 185 note{1}, 263, 287, 446; quoted, 448.

Ringier, Georg, cited, 133 note, 135 note{2}.

Riverine Herald, cited, 111.

Romances, inward, 279.

Rose-asthma, 380.

Rossi-Pagnoni, Prof., experiments by, 290.

Royce, Prof., cited, 69 and note[1]; case attested by, 405-406.

Rybalkin, Dr. J., cited, 146 note.

Safford, Prof., case of, 66-67.

S. Augustine, cited, 184.

S. Brieux, Bishop of, vision of, 244-245.

S. Ilma, case of, cited, 146 note.

Saint-Saens, cited, 71.

S. Theresa, 5-6.

Salpêtrière School of Hypnotism, 121, 123, 132 note, 147 note, 308, 381.

Sand, George, method of work of, 82.

Sanders, Rev. C. B. (X + Y = Z), case of, 316 and note.

"Scheme of Vital Faculty," 313-314.

Schiller, Mr., case of, 278-279.

Schmoll, Herr Anton, cited, 185 note{1}.

Schneller, Fräulein, case communicated by, 375-376.

Schrenck-Notzing, cited, 133 note, 185 note{1}.

Science-- Methods of, applied to psychology, 1-3. Religion, complementary to, 25, 354.

Scripture, Dr., cited, 64 note, 65; quoted, 67.

Searle, Mr., case of, 207.

Secondary personality-- Defective integration of psychical being, cases due to, 45-48. Diabolical possession a phase of, 308. Emotionally selected, 44. Fictitious, 48. Improvement on primary, 48-49, 51. Memory of, lost to primary, 46, 47; recovered under hypnotism, 46-48. Motor automatisms by, 295. Possession, possible confusion with, 307. Post-epileptic states, 45-46. Primary superseded by, 48-49, 51. Somnambulic, 45, 156-157. Stevenson, R. L., case of, 356-359. X., Félida, case of, 361-363.

"Seeress of Prevorst," cited, 317 note{2}.

Self-projection, 210-211.

Self-suggestion-- Automatisms, range of, increased by, 152. Charms as means to, efficacy of, 164. Pain suppressed by, 140. Schemes of, 127-128. Stigmatisation due to, 146 and notes. Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129. Witchcraft explained as, 5.

Sensation et Mouvement, cited, 261 note.

Sense Organs-- Perceptive power independent of, 149-150. Specialised, 169-171. Transposition of faculties of, 149-150.

Sensibility-- Drugs, to, 122-123. Magnets, to, 379.

Synæsthesiæ of, 170 and notes, 171. Transition from undifferentiated, to specialisation of sense, 170-171.

Sensitives, spirit perception of, 335.

Sensory automatism-- Causes predisposing to, in healthy persons, 174-175. Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81. Hallucinations, see that title. Motor automatism: connected with, 268; compared with, 274. Nature of, 20-21. Scope of term, 168. Telepathy the prerequisite for, 183.

Sewall, Frank, cited, 317 note{1}.

Shell-hearing, 201.

Shock, effects of, on human beings and animals, 123.

Sidgwick, Mrs., experiments of, 131; case attested by, 387; cited, 161, 162 note{2}, 174 note, 185 note{1}, 246 note; quoted, 111, 247 and note-250 and note.

Sidgwick, Professor, case of, cited, 277 note; case investigated by, 411; cited, 9 note{1}, 108, 162 note{2}, 174 note, 185 note{1}; quoted, 111.

Sidis, Dr. Boris, 47 and note[2].

Skae, Dr. David, case of patient of, 48.

Skirving, Mr., case of, 272.

Sleep-- Characteristics of, 93-94, 113-114. Clairvoyant excursions during, 301. Cosmic personality developed during, 114-115. Definition of, 20. Ecstasy, connection with, 116. Faculties of, analogy between those of Genius and, 104. Hyperæsthesia of, 97. Hypnotism in relation to, 72, 121-122, 131. Imagination, intense, during, 97. Psychical excursion during, 302. Recuperative powers of, 94-95, 97, 113. Rocking, induced by, 126. Somnambulism, relation to, 95. Spiritual functions of subliminal self during, 156. Subliminal self directing, 116. Submerged faculty, indicating existence of, 53. Telepathy and telæsthesia in, 105, 114, 116.

Smell, subliminal sense of, 271.

Smith, G. M., cited, 287 and note[1].

----, H. Babington, cited, 291.

----, H. Arthur, cases of, 277 and note--278.

----, Mlle. Hélène-- Case of, discussed, 280-286; cited, 324. Martian landscapes of, 265 note{1}

----, J. W., cited, 185 note{1}.

Smyth, Sibbie (née Towns), apparition seen by, 242.

Snow, Herman, cited, 437 note.

Société de Psychologie Physiologique, paper presented to, cited, 382.

Society for Psychical Research-- Address of Secretary, 293 note. American, Proceedings of, case from, 226 note, cited, 51 note{2}, 69 note{1}, 102 note, 243 note{1}, 244 note, 246 note, 295 note, 405. Census of Hallucinations undertaken by, 174 and note; Report of, see under Hallucinations. Founding of, 9 note{1}. Journal of-- Cases quoted from, 385-386, 445, 449-451. Cited, 51 note{3}, 102 note, 106 note, 107 note, 112 note, 113 note{2} 140 note{2}, 146 note, 151 note, 157 note, 185 note{2}, 188 note, 207 note{2}, 209 and note[1], 210 note{1}, 237, 238, 241 notes, 272, 285 note, 287 note{1}, 290 note, 320 note, 395, 409, 416 note. Object of, 313. Proceedings of, cited, 35 and note, 45 note{3}, 49 notes[2] and[3], 51 note{1}, 69 note{2}, 103 note, 106 note, 112 note, 120 note{2}, 124 note, 126 note, 128, 139 note, 141 note{2}, 142 note, 147 note, 148 and note, 152 note{1}, 155 note, 160 note{2}, 162 notes, 163 note{1}, 165 note, 173 note, 180 note, 181, 185 note{1}, 187, 192 note, 193, 195 note{2}, 209 note{2}, 210 note{1}, 215, 221 notes[1] and[2], 226, 231, 232 and note{1}, 233, 234 notes[1] and[2], 236 and note, 237, 238, 239 and note, 241, 243 and note[2], 244, 245 note, 247 and note[1], 259 and note, 260, 263 note, 266 note{1}, 271 notes, 277 and note, 278 and note, 279, 285 and note, 287 note{2}, 288 note{1}, 289 notes, 290 and note, 292, 297, 301, 317 note{3}, 318, 320 note, 321, 324, 328 note, 329, 330, 332, 333 and note, 356, 378, 380, 382, 400, 409 note, 430; quoted, 177, 270, 271, 287, 327-328, 330-333, 364-366, 369-370, 375-376, 390-391, 405, 410, 412, 416, 418-420, 421, 433-437, 446-449. Test letters to be sent to, suggestions regarding, 293 note.

Socrates-- Dæmon of, 265-268. Science originated by, 6.

Solon, quoted, 117 note.

Solovovo, Michael Petrovo, quoted, 420.

Somnambulism-- Analogy from, for ghostly communications, 217-218. Characteristics of state of, 44. Hypnosis in relation to, 137, 156. Intellectual work done in state of, 156-157. Possession, parallelism with, 311. Secondary personality starting from, 44, 45. Sleep, relation to, 95. Spontaneous, 156. Supernormal powers evidenced in, 157

Space-- Phantasmogenetic centre, modification of part into, 195, 197. Spirit attitude towards, 176. Spiritual phenomena in relation to, 22. Telepathy, relation to, 22.

Speech, phantasmal, 241.

Speer, Dr., cited, 24.

Spirit-- Conception of, 59. Existence of, postulated, 27, 91-92.

Spirit drawings, 78-79.

Spirit Drawings, cited, 79 note, 265 note{1}.

Spirit guardianship, case of, 271-272.

Spirit healing, 164.

Spirit intervention, telepathy explained by theory of, 16-17.

Spirit possession, see Possession.

Spirit rapping, 262-264.

Spirit Teachings, cited, 321, 323.

Spiritual environment, 165-166.

---- evolution, 340-346.

Spiritualism-- Fraud in connection with, 313, 329. Home, D. D., case of, see Home. Methods of, 8. Moses, W. S., case of, see Moses. Physical phenomena of, 313-314. Pioneer work in, 4 et seq. Piper, Mrs., case of, see Piper. Support of, by subliminal-self theory, 16-17.

Stage-fright cured by hypnotism, 152.

Statuvolism, or Artificial Somnambulism, cited, 121, 163 note{1}; quoted, 381.

Stevenson, R. L.-- Dreams of, 72-73, 82-83, 97. Dual personality experiences of, 356-359. Genius of, 356.

Stigmatisation, 146 and notes.

Stone Age, 104, 299.

Storie, Mrs., case of, 108-112, 228-229, 235, 237.

Stramm, Mdlle., automatic message written by, 291-292.

Stubbing, Mrs. Annie S., quoted, 373.

Studien über Hysterie, cited, 41 and note[1].

Study of Fears, cited, 33 and note.

Sturgis, Dr. Russell, cited, 33 note.

_Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes et les Ecrivains, Les_, cited, 71 and note.

Subliminal, definition of term, 15.

Subliminal power-- Functioning of, referred to control centres, 57-60. Potential, in every organism, 63.

Subliminal self-- Control of organism by, 151, 157. Cognisance of fragment of, 15. Definition of term, 15. Dominance of, over supraliminal self, 315. Functions of, 37. Imaginative faculty of, 147-149. Methods of communication with supraliminal self, 20-21. Nerve cells controlled by, 34. Powers of, compared with supraliminal, 277-278. Suggestion in relation to, 129. Surviving self, related to, 168. Telepathy explained by theory of, 16, 17.

Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration, cited, 14 note.

Substitution of ideas, 361.

Suggestion-- Attention, effect on, 153. Character, influence on, 154-155. Cures effected by, 34. Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123, 135. Dynamogenic effect of, on attention and character, 151-155. Post-hypnotic, 260-261. Responsiveness to, requisite, 122-123. Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129. Will-power, influence on, 153-154.

Suggestion Mentale, La, cited, 263 note.

Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des Geschlechissinnes, Die, cited, 133 note.

Suicide-- Greek view of, 344. Phantasms in connection with, 200.

Supernormal, definition of term, 6 note{1}.

Survival-- Continuity, theory as to, 333-334. Evidence for, 9-10; nature of, 213. Scientific method not applied to problem of, 3. Telepathy the security of, 344. Tests of, 292-293 and note.

Swedenborg, Emmanuel-- Case of, 299. Debt of posterity to, 339. Evidential cases of, 316. Experiential and dogmatic writings of, 317. Psychical science originated by, 6-7, 9. Teachings of, corroborative of recent investigations, 317.

Symbolism, subliminal tendency to, 202-203.

Synæsthesia, 170 and notes--171.

Synthetic Society, papers read before, 350 note.

Syringomyelitis, anæsthesia of, 37.

T., case of, 382.

--, Mrs., case of, 373-375. cited, 234.

--, Mr. and Mrs., case of, cited, 112-113.

Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401, 430-433, 438.

Tactile sensibility, hyperæsthesia of, 271.

Taine, M., cited, 98 and note[2].

Taunton, Mrs., case of, 207 and note[1].

Teale Mrs., case of, cited, 228.

Telæsthesia-- Cases of, 289-290. Crystal gazing or shell hearing, in, 201. Definition of term, 6 note{1}, 90, 105. Dreams in, 104-112, 114, 366-375. Genius, relation to, 84-85. Hyperæsthesia in relation to, 201, 202. Hypotheses explaining, 16. Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, 271-272. Psychical invasion in relation to, 177, 199-205. Telepathy, relation to, 187.

Telekinesis, 313-314. 326; case of W. S. Moses, 320-322.

Telepathy-- Animals, between, 188 note. Brain vibrations in, theory of, 304. Collective cases, 187, 198-199. Conception of, 303-306. Crystal-vision, gift of, accompanied by sensibility to, 181-182. Definition of, 90, 105. Discarnate spirits, relation to, 187, 350. Distance, from, 160, 185. Evidence for, 183-189, 191. Evolutive nature of, 256 and notes. Experiments to prove, 185 and notes-186. Genius, relation to, 84-85. Ghostly communications in relation to, 216-217. Hypnosis induced by, 160, 162 and note[2], 382-383. Hypotheses explaining, 16-17. Inadequacy of term, 105. Language difficulties in, 285. Latency of impacts, 223-224, 228, 291. Law, fundamental, of spiritual world, as, 31. Newnham, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-289. Prayer in relation to, 184. Precognitive, 187, 189. Prerequisite for supernormal phenomena, as the, 183. Psychical invasion indistinguishable from, in motor automatism, 294. Savages, among, 256 note{1}. Sleep, relation to, 116. Spiritual excursion in relation to, 177. Split personality in relation to, 190-191. Subliminal selves, between, during sleep, 315. Survival, the security for, 9, 344. Table-tilting, by, 430-433, 438. Telæsthesia in relation to, 187. Three main types of communications in, 219-220. Time relations in, 187. Vibration theory of, 186-187.

Temperature sense distinguished from pain sense, 52.

Tennyson, cited, 184.

Teste, cited, 381.

Thaw, Dr. A. Blair, cited, 185 note{1}.

Theology, reason for avoiding, 10.

Thérapeutique Suggestive, cited, 123 note, 142 note, 143 note{1}.

Thorpe, Mr. Courtenay, 206.

Thought-transference, see Telepathy.

Thoulet, Professor, case of, 315, 446-448.

Time-- Spiritual phenomena, in relation to, 22-23, 251. Subliminal mentation, in relation to, 68-69. Telepathy, in relation to, 187.

Tissié, Dr., cited, 98; case of patient of, 101.

Trance (see also Home--Moses--Piper)-- Messages, generic similarity of, in different individuals, 276 note. Three main types of, 315.

Transposition of senses, 149.

Tuckey, Lloyd, cited, 135 note.

Twins, telepathic communications between, 108-109.

Unity, central, in multicellular organisms, 30-31.

Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree, cited, 33 note.

V., Mrs., vision of, 232.

Vaso-motor system, dynamogenic hypnotic effects on, 145-146.

Vennum, Miss Mary Lurancy, case of, 51.

Verity, A. S., case attested by, 397, 398.

----, L. S. and E. C., apparition appearing to, 396-399.

Verrall, Mrs., 181.

Virgil, cited, 96 and note, 282.

Vision-- After-images, 171, 179. Defects of, removed by suggestion, 142-143. Entoptic, 171. Evolution of, 169-173. Imagination images, 172-173. Inward, 171-174; control of, 178; veridical, 175-177. Memory-images, 172, 179. Non-optical, in dreams, 169-170. Ocular, a privileged case of general vision, 173, 175. Subliminal mentation in relation to, 69 and note-70.

Vital faculty, scheme of, 441 et seq.

Vivé, Louis, case of, 49 and note[1], 146 note, 379.

Vlavianos, Dr., cited, 134 note, 135 note{2}.

Voisin, Dr. Auguste, cited, 49 note{1}, 101 and note, 133 note, 134 note, 135 notes[1] and [2], 136 note, 155 note; quoted, 381-382.

Voltaire, genius of, 60.

W., Miss, case of, cited, 233.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, cited, 7 and note, 16.

Warburton, Canon, dream of, 106-107, 208.

Water-- Mesmerised, experiments with, 380. Running, finding of, 378.

Wendell, Prof. Barrett, cited, 318.

Wesermann, experiments of, 409.

Wesley, John, 7 note{1}.

Wetterstrand, Otto, cited, 93, 135 note{2}, 136 note.

Whately, Archbishop, case of, 66-67.

Wheatcroft, Mrs., case of, cited, 228.

Wilkie, J. E., dream of, 315, 450-451.

Wilkinson, W. M., cited, 79 note, 265 note{1}.

Will power-- Hypnotic influence on, 153-154. Self-projection by means of, 210-211, 396-399.

Wilmot, Mrs., case of, 177.

Wilson, Archdeacon, case of, 228.

----, Dr. Albert, case of patient of, 49 note{3}.

Wingfield, Dr. Hugh, quoted, 128.

Winsor, Miss Anna, case of, 51 and note[2], 295 note.

Witchcraft, 4-5.

Witches, anæsthetic patches on, 124.

Wittman, 130.

Wordsworth, cited, 81, 84 note, 92.

World-soul, 355 note.

Wyman, W. H., case of, quoted, 270.

X., Emile, case of, 46-47.

--, Félida, case of, 44, 48, 50-51, 307, 361-363.

"X + Y = Z," case of, 316 and note.

X + Y = Z or The Sleeping Preacher of North Alabama, cited, 316 note.

Z., Alma, case of, 50-51.

Zeitschrift für Hypnotismus, passim, cited, 120 note{1}.

Zoist, the, cited, 123 note, 139 note{1}, 159, 161, 162 note, 163 note{2}, 177 note, 380, 381.

Zones, anæsthetic, occurrence of, in witchcraft, 124.

Zones analgésique in witches, 5.

* * * * *

The following typographical errors were corrected by the etext transcriber:

and of communciation with=>and of communication with

His field of consciousness is so far=> His field of typo consciousness is so far

physiolgical explanations=>physiological explanations

choreic or fidgetty shiftings of motor impulse=>choreic or fidgety shiftings of motor impulse

these types of subacent vision=>these types of subjacent vision

will sometimes express themseves=>will sometimes express themselves

Bibliotèque Diabolique=>Bibliothèque Diabolique

omniscent benevolence=>omniscient benevolence

childhood dissappeared=>childhood disappeared

ot January and February 1885=>of January and February 1885

committed siucide by drowning himself in the lake=>committed suicide by drowning himself in the lake

temps aprés leur arrivée=>temps après leur arrivée

soon as he told ns.=>soon as he told us.

not finding the pad of paper on my kneee=>not finding the pad of paper on my knees

Telepathy almost intistinguishable=>Telepathy almost indistinguishable

ou il préparait le samovar=>où il préparait le samovar

cabinet ou nous ne trouvâmes personne=>cabinet où nous ne trouvâmes personne

séparée ou j'étais tout seul=>séparée où j'étais tout seul

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See glossary.Return to reference 1 Return to reference 2 Return to reference 3 Return to reference 4 Return to reference 5 Return to reference 6 Return to reference 7 Return to reference 8 Return to reference 9 Return to reference 10 Return to reference 11 Return to reference 12 Return to reference 13 Return to reference 14 Return to reference 15 Return to reference 16 Return to reference 17 Return to reference 18 Return to reference 19 Return to reference 20

[2] I have ventured to coin the word "supernormal" to be applied to phenomena which are beyond what usually happens--beyond, that is, in the sense of suggesting unknown psychical laws. It is thus formed on the analogy of abnormal. When we speak of an abnormal phenomenon we do not mean one which contravenes natural laws, but one which exhibits them in an unusual or inexplicable form. Similarly by a supernormal phenomenon I mean, not one which overrides natural laws, for I believe no such phenomenon to exist, but one which exhibits the action of laws higher, in a psychical aspect, than are discerned in action in everyday life. By higher (either in a psychical or physiological sense) I mean "apparently belonging to a more advanced stage of evolution."Return to reference 1 Return to reference 2 Return to reference 3 Return to reference 4 Return to reference 5 Return to reference 6 Return to reference 7 Return to reference 8 Return to reference 9 Return to reference 10 Return to reference 11 Return to reference 12 Return to reference 13

[3] Other savants of eminence--the great name of Alfred Russel Wallace will occur to all--had also satisfied themselves of the reality of these strange phenomena; but they had not tested or demonstrated that reality with equal care. I am not able in this brief sketch to allude to distinguished men of earlier date--Richard Glanvil, John Wesley, Samuel Johnson, etc., who discerned the importance of phenomena which they had no adequate means of investigating.Return to reference 1 Return to reference 2 Return to reference 3

[4] The Society for Psychical Research was founded in 1882, Professor W. F. Barrett taking a leading part in its promotion. Henry Sidgwick was its first President, and Edmund Gurney was its first Honorary Secretary--he and I being joint Honorary Secretaries of its Literary Committee, whose business was the collection of evidence.

[5] See, for instance, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research (henceforth in this book referred to as the S.P.R.), vol. iv. p. 256, Jan. 1887.

[6] See, however, an article in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 317 to 325, entitled "Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration," by Mr. A. H. Pierce, of Harvard University, with a reply by Mr. F. Podmore.

[7] The difficulty of conceiving any cellular focus, either fixed or shifting, has actually led some psychologists to demand a unifying principle which is not cellular, and yet is not a soul.

[8] Stanley Hall's "Study of Fears," American Journal of Psychology, vol. viii., No. 2, January, 1897. See also "The Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree," by Dr. Russell Sturgis (Boston, 1894).

[9] For instances of such cures see Drs. Raymond and Janet's Névroses et Idées fixes.

[10] See vol. vii. p. 309.

[11] See "Studien über Hysterie" (Leipsic, 1895), by Drs. Breuer and Freud. An account of two of these cases is given in the original edition. Vol. i. pp. 51-6.

[12] On this subject see Du Prel, Philosophy of Mysticism, Eng. trans., vol. i., passim.

[13] An old case of Dr. Dyce's (see The Zoist, vol. iv. p. 158) forms a simple example of this type. Dr. Mesnet's case (De l'Automatisme de la Mémoire, etc. Par le Dr. Ernest Mesnet, Paris, 1874, p. 18, seq.) should also be referred to here. In these instances the secondary state is manifestly a degeneration of the primary state, even when certain traces of supernormal faculty are discernible in the narrowed psychical field.

[14] See The Zoist, vol. iv. pp. 172-79, for a case showing the inevitable accomplishment of a post-epileptic crime in such a way as to bring out its analogy with the inevitable working out of a post-hypnotic suggestion.

[15] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 221-258 [225 A].

[16] See Revue de l'Hypnotisme, March 1890, p. 267 [226 A].

[17] See the Annales Médico-Psychologiques for January 1892 [226 B].

[18] For full details of this, see Dr. Boris Sidis's work, The Psychology of Suggestion: a Research into the Subconscious Nature of Man and Society (New York, 1898), and Multiple Personality by Drs. Boris Sidis and S. P. Goodhart. London, 1905.

[19] Zoist vol. iv. p. 185 [229 A].

[20] See Professor W. James's Principles of Psychology, vol. I. pp. 381-84 [232 A].

[21] For Dr. Camuset's account see Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 1882, p. 75; for Dr. Voisin's, Archives de Neurologie, September 1885. The observations at Rochefort have been carefully recorded by Dr. Berjon, La Grande Hystérie chez l'Homme, Paris, 1886, and by Drs. Bourru and Burot in a treatise, De la suggestion mentale, &c. (Bibl. scientifique contemporaine), Paris, 1887 [233 A].

[22] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xv. pp. 466-483 [234 A] and the more complete account given in Dr. Morton Prince's Dissociation of a Personality. New York and London, 1906.

[23] Besides the cases mentioned above see a remarkable recent case recorded by Dr. Bramwell in Brain, Summer Number, 1900, on the authority of Dr. Albert Wilson, of Leytonstone. Dr. Wilson has given a detailed account of his patient, Mary Barnes, in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xviii. pp. 352-416, where a full discussion of the case will also be found. Mary Barnes developed sixteen different personalities with distinct memories and different characteristics.

[24] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xiv. 396-398 [236 A].

[25] Proceedings of American S.P.R., vol. i. p. 552 [237 A].

[26] For a detailed record of this case see the Religio-Philosophical Journal for 1879. An abridgment is given in [238 A]. See also Journal S.P.R., vol. x. p. 99.

[27] Revue de l'Hypnotisme, July 1889.

[28] Professor Scripture in the American Journal of Psychology, vol. iv., No. 1, April 1891; Professor Binet in the Revue Philosophique, 1895. Professor Binet's article deals largely with Jacques Inaudi, the most recent prodigy, who appears to differ from the rest in that his gift is auditile rather than visual. His gift was first observed in childhood. His general intelligence is below the average. Another recent prodigy, Diamanti, seems, on the other hand, to be in other ways quick-witted.

[29] Scripture, op. cit., p. 54.

[30] Proceedings of American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 360.

[31] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 337 [§ 311].

[32] On this point see Professor James's Principles of Psychology, vol. ii. p. 84, note. Goethe's well-known phantasmal flower was clearly no mere representation of retinal structure. A near analogy to these patterns lies in the so-called "spirit-drawings," or automatic arabesques, discussed elsewhere in this chapter.

[33] See Professor Ladd's paper on this subject in Mind, April 1892.

[34] "Le Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes, et les Ecrivains," par le Dr. Paul Chabaneix, Paris, 1897.

[35] Instances of this form of automatism are described in a book called Spirit Drawings: a Personal Narrative, by W. M. Wilkinson, some account of which is given in Appendix 811 A (Vol. II.) of the unabridged edition.

[36] L'Année Psychologique, i. 1894, p. 124, F. de Curel, par A. Binet [§ 330].

[37] In Wordsworth's Prelude we find introspective passages of extreme psychological interest as being deliberate attempts to tell the truth about exactly those emotions and intuitions which differentiate the poet from common men.

[38] In the passage which follows some use has been made of Jowett's translation. It is noticeable that this utterance, unsurpassed among the utterances of antiquity, has been placed by Plato in the mouth of a woman--the prophetess Diotima--with the express intention, as I think, of generalising it, and of raising it above the region of sexual passion. There is nothing else in antiquity resembling the position thus ascribed to Diotima in reference to Socrates,--the woman being represented as capable of raising the highest and of illumining the wisest soul.

[39] Iliad, xxii. 199; Æneid, xii. 908.

[40] See Dr. Féré in Brain for January 1887.

[41] De l'Intelligence, vol. i. p. 119.

[42] Archives de Médecine, vol. i. 1876, p. 554.

[43] An Experimental Study in Hypnotism, by Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing, translated by Dr. C. G. Chaddock, p. 91.

[44] Revue de l'Hypnotisme, June 1891, p. 302.

[45] Les Rêves, p. 135. This remarkable patient afforded examples of many forms of communication of memory between different states of personality. See pp. 192-200 for a conspectus of these complex recollections.

[46] Revue de Médecine, February 1892. A full account and discussion of the same case is contained in Dr. P. Janet's Névroses et Idées fixes, vol. i. pp. 116 et seq. [§413].

[47] See also Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 142 (October 1889), and Proceedings of the American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 363 [415 A and B].

[48] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. p. 507.

[49] Cædmon's poem was traditionally said to have come to him in like fashion.

[50] The reader will find many similar cases in the Journal and Proceedings of the S.P.R. Several are quoted in Appendices to Section 421 in the unabridged edition.

[51] The case of Mr. Boyle, investigated by Edmund Gurney and printed in S.P.R. Journal, vol. iii. pp. 265, 266 [§423], is interesting in this connection. In this case the vision, which recurred twice, was of a simple kind, and might be interpreted as an impression transferred from the mind of one waking to the mind of one asleep.

Again, the single dream which a man has noted down in all his life stands evidentially in almost as good a position as a single waking hallucination. For cases of this kind see Journal S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 267 [§424]; ibid. vol. v. p. 61 [424 A]; ibid. vol. v. p. 252 [424 C]; and Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 443 [424 B].

[52] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 105 [428 A].

[53] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 154 [428 D].

The cases of Mrs. Manning (Journal S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 100 [428 B]) and Mr. Newnham (Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 225 [428 C]) are somewhat similar. See also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 444 [428 E] and Journal S.P.R., vol viii. p. 128 [428 F].

[54] Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 365; ibid., p. 453 [429 A and B].

[55] See, for example, Journal S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 123 [429 F].

[56] Long ago Solon had said, apparently of mesmeric cure--

[Greek: Ton de kakais nousoisi kykômenon argaleais te aphamenos cheiroin aipha tithês hygiê.]

[57] Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme (Paris, 1811); Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Establissement du Magnétisme Animal; Du Magnétisme Animal considéré dans ses Rapports avec diverses branches de la Physique Générale; etc.

[58] See Nasse's Zeitschrift für Hypnoitsmus, passim.

[59] This later work of Braid's has been generally overlooked, and his theories were stated again as new discoveries by recent observers who ignored what he had already accomplished. See Dr. Bramwell's paper on "James Braid, his Work and Writings," in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 127-166. This contains a complete list of Braid's writings, and references to his work by other writers. See also the references to Braid's work and theories in Dr. Bramwell's Hypnotism.

[60] See also the Zoist (Vol. viii. pp. 156, 297-299) for cases of mesmerisation of animals. In his Thérapeutique Suggestive, 1891 (pp. 246-68), Dr. Liébeault gives an account of his experiments with infants [513 B and C].

[61] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the subject. (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 213) [513 A].

[62] This view unfortunately dominates Professor M'Kendrick's article on "Hypnotism" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.

[63] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the inadequacy of this explanation in his article "What is Hypnotism?" in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 224, also in his book on Hypnotism pp. 337-8.

[64] See Dr. Bramwell's Hypnotism, p. 274.

[65] I am inclined to think that this is always the case. For a long time the lethargic state was supposed at the Salpêtrière to preclude all knowledge of what was going on; and I have heard Charcot speak before a deeply-entranced subject as if there were no danger of her gathering hints as to what he expected her to do. I believe that his patients did subliminally receive such hints, and work them out in their own hypnotic behaviour. On the other hand, I have heard the late Dr. Auguste Voisin, one of the most persistent and successful of hypnotisers, make suggestion after suggestion to a subject apparently almost comatose,--which suggestions, nevertheless, she obeyed as soon as she awoke.

[66] According to Dr. Edgar Bérillon, who was the first systematically to apply the hypnotic method to the education of children (see his paper, "De la Suggestion envisagée au point de vue pédagogique" in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, vol. i. (1887), p. 84), the percentage of those who can be hypnotised is more than 80, and he asserts that suggestibility varies directly as the intellectual development of the subject. He classes under four heads the affections which can be successfully treated by hypnotic suggestion. (See the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, July 1895.)

(1) Psychical derangements caused by acute diseases; in particular, insomnia, restlessness, nocturnal delirium, incontrollable vomiting, incontinence of urine and of fæces.

(2) Functional affections connected with nervous disease: chorea, tics, convulsions, anæsthesiæ, contractures and hysterical paresis, hysterical hiccough, blepharospasm.

(3) Psychical derangements, such as habit of biting nails, precocious impulsive tendencies, nocturnal terrors, speaking in sleep, kleptomania, nervousness, shyness.

(4) Chorea, hysteria, epilepsy, or mental derangements considered as resulting from the combination of several nervous diseases.

Scattered about in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme the reader will find numerous illustrative cases. Specially characteristic are those recorded in the number for July 1893, p. 11, and April 1895, p. 306.

For reports of hypnotic cure of onychophagy, see Bérillon, the articles already quoted; Bourdon, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1895, p. 134; Bouffé, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, September 1898, p. 76.

For reports of hypnotic cure of even graver habits, see Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, Psycho-Thérapie, p. 250; Bernheim, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, December 1891, a case in which the habit had become quite automatic and irresistible, and where every other method of treatment had failed; also De la Suggestion; Schrenck-Notzing, Die Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des Geschlechtssinnes; Bérillon, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, July 1893, pp. 12, 14, 15; Bourdon, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1895, pp. 136, 139, 140; Auguste Voisin, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1887, p. 151.

For cures of enuresis nocturna, see Liébeault, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, September 1886, p. 71; Bérillon, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, June 1894, p. 359; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, Psycho-thérapie; Paul Farez, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, August 1899, p. 53. This author recommends the method of suggestion in normal sleep.

Liébeault, in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme for January 1889, gives twenty-two cases in which hypnotic suggestion was used in the moral education of children from the age of fourteen months upwards, with the aim of curing, e.g. the habit of lying, excessive developments of emotions, such as fear and anger, and precocious or depraved appetites; and of improving the normal faculties of attention and memory. He reports ten cures, eight improvements, and four failures.

For other cases of moral education, see Bérillon, De la suggestion et de ses applications à la pédagogie (1887); L'Hypnotisme et l'Orthopédie morale (1898); Revue de l'Hypnotisme, December 1887, pp. 169-180, and December 1897, p. 162; Bernheim, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1886, p. 129; Ladame, the same, June and July 1887; Voisin, the same, November 1888; De Jong, the same, September 1891; Bourdon, the same, August 1896; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, Psycho-thérapie, p. 215. Nervous troubles in adults have often been cured by the same means. Thus, in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, September 1899, p. 73, Dr. Vlavianos records a case of tic convulsif cured by hypnotic suggestion. Wetterstrand has used the same method with success (loc. cit., p. 76). See also Janet, Névroses et Idées Fixes, vol. ii., part ii., chapter iii., "Les. Tics."

[67] See Bérillon, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, September 1890, p. 75, and February 1896, p. 237; Regis, the same, May 1896; De Jong, the same, September 1891, p. 82; and Auguste Voisin, the same, November 1888, p. 130.

[68] See Otto Wetterstrand, Der Hypnotismus und seine Anwendung in der praktischen Medicin; Georg Ringier, Erfolge des therapeutischen Hypnotismus in der Landpraxis; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, Psycho-thérapie; Auguste Forel, Einige therapeutische Versuche mit dem Hypnotismus bei Geisteskranken; Lloyd Tuckey, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, January 1897, p. 207; Ladame, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1887, p. 131, and December 1887, p. 165; A. Voisin, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, vol. ii. (1888), p. 69, and vol. iii. (1889), p. 353; Vlavianos, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, June 1899, p. 361; Neilson, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, vol. vi. (1892), p. 17. Bérillon, Le traitement psychologique de L'Alcoolisme. Paris 1906. See also the works of Liébeault, Bernheim, and Milne Bramwell.

[69] There are many instances of the cure of morphinomania. See especially the case recorded by Dr. Marot in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, February 1893, on account of the psychological interest of the patient's own remarks.

Wetterstrand, out of fourteen cases, records eleven cures of morphinomania. In a paper in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1890, he discusses the benefit of prolonged hypnosis--causing the patient to sleep for a week or more at a time--which he tried in one case. See also Voisin, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, December 1886, p. 163.

[70] See Dr. A. Dorez, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, May 1899, p. 345; and Dr. Bourdon, the same, November 1893, p. 141 [557 A].

[71] Dr. Hill, British Medical Journal, July 4th, 1891.

[72] In some articles in the Revue Philosophique, published in 1886 and 1887, Delboeuf describes some experiments which suggest that in many of the remarkable hypnotic cures recorded in the Zoist (as well as in modern cases) the removal of pain was probably an important element in the cure; see e.g. cures of inflammation (Zoist, vol. x. p. 347); of neuralgia and chronic rheumatism (vol. ix. pp. 76-79); of abdominal pains (vol. ix. p. 155); of tic douloureux (vol. viii. p. 186); of severe headaches (vol. x. p. 369); of eczema impetiginodes (vol. x. p. 96).

The general subject of hypnotic analgesia is strikingly illustrated by Esdaile's well-known work in the Indian hospitals; see his books, Mesmerism in India (London, 1846); The Introduction of Mesmerism with Sanction of Government into the Public Hospitals of India (2nd edit. London, 1856); Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance (London, 1852); and constant references to him in the Zoist.

For later cases see British Medical Journal, April 5th, 1890, p. 801; the same, February 28th, 1891, pp. 460-468.

See also Van Renterghem and Van Eeden's Psycho-thérapie, pp. 262-280.

See also the Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 21, and the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1891, p. 132; the same, 1895, p. 300; and for the discussion of a very interesting recent case of the cure of sycosis menti, see Bérillon, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, January 1896, p. 195; Delboeuf, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, February 1896, p. 225; Durand (de Gros), Revue de l'Hypnotisme, 1896, p. 37. It was also quoted in the British Medical Journal for November 16th, 1895.

[73] See the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, August 1887.

[74] See the Journal S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 209 [535 A].

[75] See the Revue Philosophique, 1886.

[76] See the Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 193 [535 B].

[77] For cases bearing on this subject see Dr. Liébeault's Thérapeutique Suggestive, pp. 64 et seq.; the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, January 1893; and Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 177 [538 A and B].

[78] Thérapeutique Suggestive, pp. 64 et seq.

[79] See the Revue Philosophique, November 1886. The same case is discussed in Mind for January 1887 [539 A].

[80] Nagel suggests that there may have been at a certain stage mixed sense-organs, by means of which two or three sensations were perceived simultaneously.

[81] For a circumstantial English account of the well-known case of Louise Lateau, see Macmillan's Magazine, vol. xxiii. p. 488 et seq.

Three cases of the production of cruciform marks reported by Dr. Biggs, of Lima, appeared in the Journal S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100.

Another remarkable American case of stigmatisation was reported in the Courier-Journal, Louisville, Ky., December 7th, 1891, on the authority of Dr. M. F. Coomes and several other physicians.

See also the case of Ilma S. recorded in Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing's Experimental Study in Hypnotism.

Dr. P. Janet describes somewhat similar experiments in L'Automatisme Psychologique (see p. 166 et seq.).

Again, somewhat similar is a case recorded by Dr. J. Rybalkin in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, June 1890 (p. 361), in which a post-hypnotic suggestion to the subject to burn his arm at a stove--really unlighted--produced blisters as of a burn.

Hæmorrhage and bleeding stigmata were several times produced in the famous subject, Louis Vivé, by verbal suggestion alone. (Drs. Bourru and Burot, Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie, July 12th, 1885; and Dr. Mabille, Progrès Médical, August 29th, 1885.)

Professor Beaunis (Recherches Expérimentales, etc., Paris, 1886, p. 29) produced redness and cutaneous congestion in his subject, Mlle. A. E., by suggestion, and the experiment was repeated on the same subject by the present writer and Edmund Gurney in September 1885 (see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 167).

It appears that there is at present at the Salpêtrière a stigmatisée, the development of whose stigmata has been watched by Dr. Janet under copper shields with glass windows inserted in them (Revue de l'Hypnotisme, December 1900, p. 190).

Other cases are recorded in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, June 1890, p. 353; the same February 1892, p. 251 [543 A to H].

[82] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 268-323 [551 A].

[83] Professor Fontan's experiments described in the Revue Philosophique, August 1887, cannot lightly be set aside. An account of his experiments is given in Proceedings S. P. R. vol. ii. p. 263-268. [549 D]. See also the works of Pététin, Durand, Foissac, and Despine, especially Observations de Médecine Pratique, pp. 45, 62, and Étude Scientifique sur Somnambulisme, p. 167.

[84] See Journal S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100 [543 B].

[85] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 176-203 [551 C].

[86] Revue Philosophique, September 1888 [552 A].

[87] Revue de l'Hypnotisme, vol. vi. p. 357 [553 A].

[88] For illustrative instances see Brain, Summer Number 1900, p. 207, Revue de l' Hypnotisme, January 1889, and Bérillon, De la suggestion et de ses applications à la pédagogie (1887) [553 B]. See also Bérillon, La Psychologie du Courage et l'Éducation du Caractère. Paris 1905.

[89] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 204-58 [555 B]. See also his book on Hypnotism, pp. 425-32.

[90] See also the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, January 1889, September 1890, November 1886, November 1888, for cases reported by Liébeault, Bérillon, Bernheim, and Voisin.

[91] See Mr. Fryer's paper on "The Welsh Revival of 1904-5," in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xix. p. 80.

[92] See Puységur, Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme (Paris, 1811); Pététin, Electricité Animale (Paris, 1808); Despine, Observations de Médecine Pratique (1838), and Journal S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 333.

[93] Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance, pp. 227-28; quoted in Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 88.

[94] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. (1888), pp. 14-17. [569 A.]

[95] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 536-596. [569 B.]

[96] Beginning with cases partly retrocognitive, the leader is referred to Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 30-99; Zoist, vol. vii. pp. 95-101 [572 A and B].

[97] The longest and most important series of experiments in thought-transference with hypnotised subjects, carried out by members of the S.P.R., are those of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick. Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 128-70; and vol. viii. pp. 536-96 [573 A].

[98] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 199-220; Dr. Fahnestock's Statuvolism, pp. 117-35, 221-32 [573 B, C and D].

[99] Zoist, vol. xii. pp. 249-52 [573 F].

[100] See "Mind-Cure, Faith-Cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes," by A. T. Myers, M.D., F.R.C.P., and F. W. H. Myers, Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. pp. 160-210.

[101] For a true synæsthetic or "sound-seer,"--to take the commonest form of these central repercussions of sensory shock,--there is a connection between sight and sound which is instinctive, complex, and yet for our intelligence altogether arbitrary.

But sound-seeing is only a conspicuous example of synæsthesiæ which exist in as yet unexplored variety. When we find that there are gradated, peremptory, inexplicable associations connecting sensations of light and colour with sensations of temperature, smell, taste, muscular resistance, etc., we are led to conclude that we are dealing, not with the casual associations of childish experience, but with some reflection or irradiation of specialised sensations which must depend upon the connate structure of the brain itself.

This view is consistent with the results of an Enquête sur l'audition colorée recently conducted by Professor Flournoy, from which it appears that of 213 persons presenting these associations only 48 could assign the date of their origin; and is supported by a case described in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, December 1892, p. 185, where a man who had long exhibited a limited form of audition colorée developed gustation colorée in addition when in a low state of health.

See also the "Report of the International Congress of Experimental Psychology, Second Session, London, 1892," pp. 10-20 (Williams & Norgate, London, 1892), and the American Journal of Psychology for April 1900 (vol. xi. pp. 377-404).

[102] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 480 [610 A].

[103] The "Census of Hallucinations" was undertaken in 1889, by a Committee of the S.P.R., under the direction of Professor Sidgwick, and consisting of himself and Mrs. Sidgwick, Dr. A. T. Myers, Mr. F. Podmore, Miss A. Johnson, and the present writer. The full report of the committee was published in 1894. (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 25-422.) A summary of the report is given in the original edition. [612 A.]

[104] For prehistoric and historic crystal-gazing see Mr. Andrew Lang's Making of Religion, and Miss Goodrich-Freer's "Recent Experiments in Crystal-Vision," Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. p. 486 [620 A].

[105] It is right also to state, although I cannot here discuss the problems involved, that I believe these visions to be sometimes seen by more than one person, simultaneously or successively.

[106] See also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 263-283; vol. ii. pp. 1-5, 24-42, 189-200; vol. iii. pp. 424-452, where a full record will be found of Mr. Malcolm Guthrie's experiments [630 B]. Also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 2-17 [630 C], for Mr. Henry G. Rawson's experiments. Others are recorded in the Proceedings S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 161-167 and 174-215. See also those of Herr Max Dessoir (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 111, and vol. v. p. 355); Herr Anton Schmoll and M. Etienne Mabire (ibid. vol. iv. p. 324 and vol. v. p. 169); Mr. J. W. Smith (ibid. vol. ii. p. 207); Sir Oliver Lodge (ibid. vol. vii. p. 374); Dr. A. Blair Thaw (ibid. vol. viii. p. 422); Dr. von Schrenck-Notzing (ibid. vol. vii. p. 3); Professor Richet (ibid. vol. v. p. 18). See also Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. pp. 32-34, and vol. ii. pp. 653-654. Also the experiments of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick (Proceedings, vol. vi. and vol. viii.) already referred to in Chapter V.

[107] See Mr. F. Podmore's Apparitions and Thought-transference, Chapter V. [630 D, etc.]; also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 455 [630 F]; and Journal S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 325-329 [630 E]: ibid. pp. 234-237, pp. 299-306 and pp. 311-319; and vol. xii. p. 223 (March 1906).

[108] It is plain that on this view there is no theoretical reason for limiting telepathy to human beings. For aught we can say, the impulse may pass between man and the lower animals, or between the lower animals themselves. See Journal S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 278-290 and pp. 323-4; the same, vol. xii. pp. 21-3; the same, vol. iv. p. 289; and Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xiv. p. 285.

[109] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 25-422.

[110] See also Phantasms of the Living vol. ii. p. 96 [§ 653], and for an auditory case, ibid. p. 100 [§ 655].

[111] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 78 [§ 645]. See also op. cit., p. 82 et seq.

[112] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. p. 306 [§ 646]. See also the case in Phantasms of the Living (vol. ii. p. 217) [§ 647], where an apparition was seen by its original and by others at the same time.

[113] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 144 [651 A] and ibid. p. 61 [§ 651].

[114] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 97 [654 A].

[115] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 194 [654 B].

[116] See Chapter IX., passim.

[117] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 30-99 [572 A and 573 B]; op. cit., 199-220 [573 C]; Zoist, vol. vii. pp. 95-101, vol. ix. p. 234, vol. xii. pp. 249-52; and Dr. Fahnestock's Statuvolism, especially pp. 127-35 and 221-32.

[118] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 31 [662 B].

[119] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 37 [662 D].

[120] See Journal S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 25 [665 A].

[121] Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 35 [662 C].

[122] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 265 [§ 664].

[123] For examples of various types see Journal S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 25; vol. v. p. 68, and op. cit., p. 147 [665 A, B and C].

[124] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 162; op. cit., p. 164; Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 41 [666 A, B and C].

[125] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 527, for example [667 A].

[126] For cases see the second edition of Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. lxxxi; Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 270, 273, and 418; Forum, March 1900; Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 217; vol. vii. p. 99 [668 A to G]. See also Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 103 and vol. ii. p. 675; and the Journal S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 307.

[127] Some such power as this is frequently claimed in oriental books as attainable by mystic practices. We have not thus far been fortunate enough to discover any performances corresponding to these promises.

[128] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 199-220 [573 C].

[129] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 231.

[130] Some word is much needed to express communications between one state and another, e.g. between the somnambulic and the waking state, or, in hypnotism, the cataleptic and the somnambulic, etc. The word "methectic" ([Greek: methektikhos]) seems to me the most suitable, especially since [Greek: methexis] happens to be the word used by Plato (Parm. 132 D.) for participation between ideas and concrete objects. Or the word "inter-state" might be pressed into this new duty.

[131] See for example Mr. Cameron Grant's case. (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 202.)

[132] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 404-408.

[133] In some experimental cases, it will be remembered, the impression takes effect through the motor, not the sensory, system of the recipient, as by automatic writing, so that he is never directly aware of it at all.

[134] See, for instance, case 500, Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 462.

[135] I mean by "ordinary" the classes which are recognised and treated of in Phantasms of the Living. But if the departed survive, the possibility of thought-transference between them and those who remain is of course a perfectly tenable hypothesis. "As our telepathic theory is a psychical one, and makes no physical assumptions, it would be perfectly applicable (though the name perhaps would be inappropriate) to the conditions of disembodied existence."--Phantasms, vol. i. p. 512.

[136] Certain statistics as to these time-relations are given by Edmund Gurney as follows (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. p. 408): "The statistics drawn from the first-hand records in Phantasms of the Living as to the time-relation of appearances, etc., occurring in close proximity to deaths, are as follows:--In 134 cases the coincidence is represented as having been exact, or, when times are specifically stated, close to within an hour. In 104 cases it is not known whether the percipient's experience preceded or followed the death; such cases cannot be taken account of for our present purpose. There remain 78 cases where it appears that there was an interval of more than an hour; and of these 38 preceded and 40 followed the death. Of the 38 cases where the percipient's experience preceded the death (all of which, of course, took place during a time when the "agent" was seriously ill), 19 fell within twenty-four hours of the death. Of the 40 cases where the percipient's experience followed the death, all followed within an interval of twenty-four hours, and in only one (included by mistake) was the twelve hours' interval certainly exceeded, though there are one or two others where it is possible that it was slightly exceeded."

[137] The Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research (vol. i. p. 405) contain a case where a physician and his wife, sleeping in separate but adjoining rooms, are both of them awakened by a bright light. The physician sees a figure standing in the light; his wife, who gets up to see what the light in her husband's room may be, does not reach that room till the figure has disappeared. The figure is not clearly identified, but has some resemblance to a patient of the physician's, who has died suddenly (from hemorrhage) about three hours before, calling for her doctor, who did not anticipate this sudden end. Even this resemblance did not strike the percipient until after he knew of the death, and the defect in recognition weakens the case evidentially.

[138] The references in this and the two following pages are to Phantasms of the Living.

[139] See the cases of Major Moncrieff (i. p. 415); of Mr. Keulemans (i. p. 444), where the second phantasm was held by the percipient to convey a fresh veridical picture; of Mr. Hernaman (i. p. 561), where, however, the agent was alive, though dying, at the time of the appearance; see also the cases of Mrs. Ellis (ii. p. 59); of Mrs. D. (ii. p. 467); of Mrs. Fairman (ii. p. 482), and of Mr. F. J. Jones (ii. p. 500), where the death was again due to drowning, and the act of dying cannot, therefore, have been very prolonged. We may note also Mrs. Reed's case (ii. p. 237), Captain Ayre's (ii. p. 256) and Mrs. Cox's (ii. p. 235). In the case of Miss Harriss (ii. p. 117) a hallucinatory voice, about the time of the death, but not suggesting the decedent, is followed by a dream the next night, which presents the dead person as in the act of dying. One or two other cases might be added to this list, and it is plain that the matter is one towards which observation should be specially directed.

[140] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 305; Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 180; ibid. p. 194.

[141] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii p. 236 [716 B].

[142] See for instance Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 20; the same, vol. xi p. 429 and Phantasms of the Living, vol ii. p. 208 [717 A, B and C].

[143] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. p. 214 [719 A].

[144] Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 449 [719 B].

[145] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 422-26 [§ 720].

[146] The cases recorded in Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 216, and Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. p. 263 [727 A and B] may be regarded as deflected fulfilments.

[147] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. p. 383. See also ibid. p. 371 and vol. viii. p. 214 [728 A and B and § 726].

[148] For the other case see Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. p. 265.

[149] For cases illustrating this, see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. v. p. 409 [§ 734]; also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 220; ibid. p. 218; Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 690; and Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. p. 373 [§ 736 and 736 A, B and C].

[150] See for instance Journal S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 173.

[151] This analogy suggests itself still more forcibly in the remarkable case recorded in Journal S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 17. Here the visions, seen in a mirror, were perceived simultaneously, though not quite in the same way, by four witnesses, and lasted for an appreciable length of time.

[152] See the Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. i. p. 446 [741 A].

[153] In the case recorded in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 173 [§ 742], the decedent would appear to be satisfying both a local and a personal attraction. See also the cases given in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 93, and vol. v. p. 437 [742 A], which are somewhat similar.

[154] See, however, Sir Arthur Beecher's case (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 110) where there was at least a rumour of some crime. In Mrs. M.'s case, too (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 178) and Mrs. Pennée's (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 60) there is some indication of past troubles in which the percipients, of course, were in no way concerned. But in no other cases has there been anything, as far as we know, which could trouble the departed spirit with importunate memories of his earthly home.

[155] For a discussion of this problem, illustrated by a large number of cases, see my article on "Retrocognition and Precognition" in the Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 334-593.

[156] See, however, Mrs. Sidgwick's remarks (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 79-80), as to the rarity of any indication of intelligence in such sounds, and the possibility of reading more intelligence into them than they really possess. There is now, of course, more evidence as to these sounds than there was at the date of Mrs. Sidgwick's paper (1885).

[157] Thus Mrs. Sidgwick, even as far back as 1885 (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 142), writes: "I can only say that having made every effort--as my paper will, I hope, have shown--to exercise a reasonable scepticism, I yet do not feel equal to the degree of unbelief in human testimony necessary to avoid accepting, at least provisionally, the conclusion that there are, in a certain sense, haunted houses, i.e., that there are houses in which similar quasi-human apparitions have occurred at different times to different inhabitants, under circumstances which exclude the hypothesis of suggestion or expectation."

[158] This case is given in Appendix VII. G.

[159] In an earlier part of this paper, I mentioned cases of haunted houses where the apparitions are various, and might therefore all of them be merely subjective hallucinations, sometimes, perhaps, caused by expectancy. It is, of course, also possible to explain these cases by the hypothesis we are now discussing. Another class of cases is, perhaps, worth mentioning in this connection. We have in the collection two cases of what was believed by the narrators to be a quite peculiar feeling of discomfort, in houses where concealed and long since decomposed bodies were subsequently found. Such feelings are seldom dearly defined enough to have much evidential value, for others, at any rate, than the percipient; even though mentioned beforehand, and definitely connected with the place where the skeleton was. But if there be really any connection between the skeleton and the feeling, it may possibly be a subtle physical influence such as I am suggesting.--E. M. S.

[160] To avoid misconception, I may point out that this view in no way negatives the possibility that telepathy (or its correlative telergy) may be in some of its aspects commoner, or more powerful, among savages than among ourselves. Evolutionary processes are not necessarily continuous. The acquirement by our lowly-organised ancestors of the sense of smell (for instance) was a step in evolution. But the sense of smell probably reached its highest energy in races earlier than man; and it has perceptibly declined even in the short space which separates civilised man from existing savages. Yet if, with some change in our environment, the sense of smell again became useful, and we reacquired it, this would be none the less an evolutionary process because the evolution had been interrupted.

[161] I do not wish to assert that all unfamiliar psychical states are necessarily evolutive or dissolutive in any assignable manner. I should prefer to suppose that there are states which may better be styled allotropic;--modifications of the arrangements of nervous elements on which our conscious identity depends, but with no more conspicuous superiority of the one state over the other than (for instance) charcoal possesses over graphite or graphite over charcoal. But there may also be states in which the (metaphorical) carbon becomes diamond;--with so much at least of advance on previous states as is involved in the substitution of the crystalline for the amorphous structure.

[162] See, for instance, Proceedings S.P.R., vol. i. p. 291.

[163] Sensation et Mouvement, par Ch. Féré. Paris: Alcan, 1887.

[164] La Suggestion Mentale (see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ii. pp. 239 sqq.).

[165] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ii. pp. 226-31 [830 A].

[166] See Mr. Wilkinson's book Spirit Drawings: a Personal Narrative. But, of course, like other automatic impulses, this impulse to decorative or symbolical drawing is sometimes seen at its maximum in insane patients. Some drawings of an insane patient, reproduced in the American Journal of Psychology, June 1888, show a noticeable analogy (in my view a predictable analogy) with some of the "spirit-drawings" above discussed. See also the Martian landscapes of Hélène Smith, in Professor Flournoy's Des Indes à la planète Mars.

[167] An account of recorded instances of Socratic monitions and some discussion of them is given in the original edition [§ 813, 814].

[168] Du Démon de Socrate, etc., by L. F. Lélut, Membre de l'Institut. Nouvelle édition, 1856.

[169] For other authorities see Mr. Andrew Lang's paper in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 198-212.

[170] On this point, see Mr. Lang's paper referred to above.

[171] See Plutarch's De genio Socratis.

[172] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. i., Chapter VII, passim.

[173] See Proceedings of the American S.P.R., vol. i. p. 397; Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. pp. 33 and 35 [817 A, B, and C].

[174] The case is recorded in Journal S.P.R., vol. v. p. 136 [817 D].

[175] For a somewhat similar case, possibly due to hyperæsthesia of hearing, see American Journal of Psychology, vol. iii. p. 435 (September 1890).

[176] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 419 and 421 [821 A].

[177] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 422 and 423 [§§ 822 and 823]; also a case given in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 345, where a lady hurrying up to the door of a lift, is stopped by seeing a figure of a man standing in front of it, and then finds that the door is open, leaving the well exposed, so that she would probably have fallen down it, if she had not been checked by the apparition.

[178] Revue de l'Hypnotisme, March 1893, p. 268.

[179] When the automatic drawings have any telepathic or other supernormal content, they are usually associated with automatic writing. Compare the case of Mr. Cameron Grant (Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. p. 690).

[180] See James's Psychology, vol. i. p. 394: "One curious thing about trance utterances is their generic similarity in different individuals.... It seems exactly as if one author composed more than half of the trance messages, no matter by whom they are uttered. Whether all sub-conscious selves are peculiarly susceptible to a certain stratum of the Zeitgeist, and get their inspiration from it, I know not." See the account of automatic and impressional script, by Mr. Sidney Dean, which Professor James goes on to quote, and which is closely parallel to (for instance) Miss A.'s case, to be referred to below, although the one series of messages comes from the hand of a late member of Congress, "all his life a robust and active journalist, author, and man of affairs," and the other from a young lady with so different a history and entourage.

[181] Some other cases of Mr. Smith's will be found in this volume. See also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 25 [§ 831] for a case of Prof. Sidgwick's, and Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ii. pp. 226-231 for the complex "Clelia" case. Other cases of imaginary personalities are to be found in the accounts of possession which have come down to us from the "Ages of Faith." See for example the autobiography of Soeur Jeanne des Anges (Bibliothèque Diabolique [collection Bourneville] Paris, 1886).

[182] For the description of a curious case combining various motor automatisms in a very unusual way, see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 182 [§ 833].

[183] For Mlle. Smith's later history, see Professor Flournoy's Nouvelles Observations sur un cas de Somnambulisme, Geneva, 1902.

[184] We have already printed several incidents of this type in our Proceedings and Journal. (See, for instance, Proceedings S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 344 [818 A].)

[185] A somewhat similar but less complex set of experiments by Mr. G. M. Smith is given in the Journal S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 318-320 [843 B].

[186] For further cases see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 2 and 5 [§§ 845 and 847].

[187] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 8-23 [849 A]. For a series of experiments on a smaller scale but analogous to these see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. (1893), pp. 61-64.

[188] Mr. Newnham procured for me two autograph letters from eye-witnesses of some of the experiments, who do not, however, wish their names to be published. One writer says: "You wrote the question on a slip of paper and put it under one of the ornaments of the chimney-piece--no one seeing what you had written. Mrs. Newnham sat apart at a small table. I recollect you kept a book of the questions asked and answers given, as you thought some new power might be discovered, and you read me from it some of the results. I remember particularly questions and answers relating to the selection of a curate for B. My wife and her sister saw experiments conducted in this manner. Mrs. Newnham and you were sitting at different tables." Another eye-witness writes: "I and my sister were staying at----, and were present at many of the Planchette experiments of Mr. and Mrs. Newnham. Mr. and Mrs. Newnham sat at different tables some distance apart, and in such a position that it was quite impossible Mrs. Newnham could see what question was written down. The subject of the questions was never mentioned even in a whisper. Mr. Newnham wrote them down in pencil and sometimes passed them to me and my sister to see, but not often. Mrs. Newnham immediately answered the questions. Though not always correct, they (the answers) always referred to the questions. Mr. Newnham copied out the pencil questions and answers verbatim each day into a diary."

[189] For further cases see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 44 [851 A]; ibid. p. 48 [§ 852]; ibid. p. 64 [§ 853]; ibid. p. 65 [§ 854]. Also Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ii. p. 236; vol. vi. pp. 112-115 [§ 855 and 856]; vol. xi. pp. 477-481 [852 B]; vol. ix. pp. 67-70 [857 A and 858 A].

[190] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. (1893) pp. 73-92 [839 A and 625 C].

[191] For another series of messages which afford an interesting field for the discussion of the rival hypotheses of "cryptomnesia" and spirit-control, see Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 319; op. cit. p. 174; and Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 92 [§§ 860, 861 and 862 A].

[192] For further examples see the cases given in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 355-57; vol. viii. pp. 242-48; Journal S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 216-19; vol. ix. pp. 65-8; vol. ix. pp. 280-84 [868 A and B, 869 A and B, § 873].

[193] See the "Report of Dr. Ira Barrows on the case of Miss Anna Winsor." An account of Professor James' inquiry into the case will be found in Proceedings of the American S.P.R., vol. i. p. 552 [237 A].

[194] The cases of Swedenborg, Cahagnet's subject, D. D. Home, and Stainton Moses will be discussed in the course of this chapter.

[195] Bibliothèque Diabolique (Collection Bourneville). Paris: Aux Bureaux du Progrès Medical, 1886 [832 B].

[196] See Professor Janet's paper in the Revue Philosophique, March, 1888. The case is also constantly referred to in his L'Automatisme Psychologique.

[197] See page 49.

[198] See page 288.

[199] One important point of similarity is the concurrence in some savage ceremonies of utterance through an invading spirit and travelling clairvoyance exercised meantime by the man whose organism is thus invaded. The uncouth spirit shouts and bellows, presumably with the lungs of the medicine-man, hidden from view in profound slumber. Then the medicine-man awakes,--and tells the listening tribe the news which his sleep-wanderings, among gods or men, have won.

If this indeed be thus, it fits in strangely with the experience of our modern seers,--with the spiritual interchange which takes place when a discarnate intelligence occupies the organism and meantime the incarnate intelligence, temporarily freed, awakes to wider percipience,--in this or in another world.

[200] See Modern Spiritualism; a History and a Criticism, by Frank Podmore (Methuen and Co., London, 1902).

[201] In this edition the Synopsis alone is given. See Appendix IX. A.

[202] The asterisks indicate the end of the part of this chapter which was consecutively composed by the author. The rest of the chapter consists chiefly of fragments written by him at different times.

[203] This as well as the next two cases mentioned are given in Appendix IX. B.

[204] See X + Y = Z; or, The Sleeping Preacher of North Alabama. Containing an account of most wonderful mysterious mental phenomena, fully authenticated by living witnesses. By the Rev. G. W. Mitchell. (New York: W. C. Smith, 67 John Street, 1876) [934 A].

[205] For Kant's evidence in regard to the supernormal powers of Swedenborg, see "Dreams of a Spirit Seer," by Immanuel Kant, translated by E. F. Goerwitz; edited by Frank Sewall (London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1900) [936 A].

[206] See also an account of the "Seeress of Prevorst," translated from the German by Mrs. Crowe, and published in London in 1845 [936 B].

[207] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 560 [936 C].

[208] The chief sources of information as to D. D. Home's life and experiences are the following works:--

Incidents in my Life, by D. D. Home (1st edition, London, 1863; 2nd edition, 1864; second series, 1872).

D. D. Home: His Life and Mission, by Madame Dunglas Home (London, 1888).

The Gift of D. D. Home, by Madame Dunglas Home (London, 1890).

Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London Dialectical Society (London, 1871). This contains the evidence of the Master of Lindsay,--now Earl of Crawford and Balcarres,--and others.

Experiences in Spiritualism with Mr. D. D. Home, by Viscount Adare (now Lord Dunraven; privately printed).

Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism, by William Crookes, F.R.S. Reprinted from the Quarterly Journal of Science (London, 1874).

Notes of Séances with D. D. Home, by William Crookes, F.R.S. (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 98.)

See also a review by Professor Barrett and the present writer of Madame Home's first book, D. D. Home: His Life and Mission, in the Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 101-136; a briefer review of her second book, The Gift of D. D. Home, in the Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 249; and a note on "The Character of D. D. Home" in the Journal S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 176; also an article by Mr. Hamilton Aidé, "Was I hypnotised?" in the Nineteenth Century for April 1890.

[209] See Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 436-659; vol. viii. pp. 1-167; vol. xiii. pp. 284-582; vol. xiv. pp. 6-78; vol. xv. pp. 16-52; vol. xvi. pp. 1-649.

[210] For a discussion of Professor Hyslop's report see Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xvii. pp. 331-388.

[211] The original unabridged edition was published in two volumes.

[212] The Synthetic Society, before which these pages were first read as a paper in March 1899.

[213] Enn. vi. 4, 14.

[214] Enn. iv. 3, 27.

[215] Enn. v. 2-3. The World-Soul is supra grammaticam; and Plotinus sometimes uses a personal, sometimes an impersonal, locution to express what is infinitely beyond the conception of personality, as it is infinitely beyond any human conception whatsoever.

[216] For the fullest account of Félida, see Hypnotisme, Double Conscience, etc., par le Dr. Azam. Paris, 1887.

[217] Revue Scientifique, 3e série, xxxii. p. 167.

[218] An apparent discrepancy between Professor Hilprecht's account and that of Mrs. Hilprecht calls for explanation. Professor Hilprecht states that he verified his dream on Sunday morning at the University; Mrs. Hilprecht that he verified it immediately upon awaking, in his library. Both statements are correct. He had a working copy in his library which he examined at once, but hurried to the University next morning to verify it by comparison with the authorised copy made from the originals.--W. R. N.

[219] This appendix has been greatly abridged.

[220] See Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 1882, p. 75, and Dr. Berjon, La grande Hystéric chez l'Homme, Paris, 1886.

[221] Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 1884, vol. ii. p. 289 seqq.

[222] Dr. E. Dufour, médecin en chef de l'asile Saint-Robert (Isère). See Annales Médico-Psychologiques, September 1886, p. 238, and Contribution à l'étude de l'hypnotisme, par le Dr. Dufour, Grenoble, 1887.

[223] It was not unusual for her to sit in the salon in the evening, after the day's occupations were over.

[224] I noted on this narrative at the time I received it: "This account is entirely concordant with the account written by Mrs. Ramsay before reading Mrs. Elgee's account in 1888, and abstracted by me for an article in Murray's Magazine. There was this discrepancy between Mrs. Elgee and Mrs. Ramsay,--that Mrs. Ramsay thought that the figure wore a beard, whereas Mrs. Elgee saw him as she knew him--with whiskers only. He certainly had no beard at the time."

[225] A plan enclosed shows a suite of four rooms, M. Potolof's study, the ante-room, the drawing-room, and M. Mamtchitch's study, all opening into one another, the three doors between them being in one straight line.

[226] See "Phantasms of the Dead from another point of view," Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 291.

[227] We have ascertained that this date was a Sunday.

[228] Some of the correspondence about the case given in the Proceedings is omitted here for want of space.

[229] A dream in which a message of somewhat the same kind is given is recorded in the Journal S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 188. See also the old case of Dr. Binns, given in his Anatomy of Sleep, p. 462.

[230] An account of this case appeared in an article by Herman Snow in the Religio-Philosophical Journal for January 31st, 1891, and Mr. Snow also sent us an earlier article on the subject which he had written in 1881, and of which his second account was a mere repetition. The facts were related to him by the Unitarian minister of the place where Mrs. Finney lived; and this third-hand account recorded by Mr. Snow fifteen years after the event closely coincides with Mrs. Finney's first-hand one, recorded twenty-five years after the event.

[231] In this edition the synopsis of the scheme alone is given.Return to passage

[232] This appendix was written originally with a special view to the phenomena alleged to occur in the case of Mr. W. Stainton Moses.Return to passage

[233] Mr. Goodall thinks that the mule's sudden fall, otherwise unexplainable, may have been due to terror at some apparition of the dying child.Return to passage

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IX. SCHEME OF VITAL FACULTY

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