Appendix

Appendix

Transcript of 'Indulgence' of Leo X.--the words which are abbreviated in the original being written in full.

Albertus dei et apostolice sedis gratia . sancte Moguntinensis sedis . ac Magdeburgensis ecclesie Archiepiscopus . primas . et sacri Romani imperii in germania archicancellarius . princeps : elector ac administrator Halberstattensis . Marchio Brandenburgensis . Stettinensis . Pomeranie : Cassuborum Sclauorumque dux | Burggrauius . Nurenbergensis Rugieque princeps . Et guardianus fratrum ordinis minorum de obseruantia conuentus Moguntini . Per sanctissimum | dominum nostrum Leonem Papam decimum per prouincias Moguntinensem ac Magdeburgensem ac illarum et Halberstattenses ciuitates et dioceses necnon terras | et loca illustrissimi et illustrium Principum dominorum Marchionum Brandenburgensium temporali dominio mediate uel immediate subiecta nuncii et commissarii : ad infrascripta specialiter deputati . Vniuersis et singulis presentes literas inspecturis Salutem in domino . Notum facimus quod sanctissimus dominus | noster Leo diuina prouidentia Papa decimus modernus : omnibus et singulis utriusque sexus christifidelibus : ad reparacionem fabrice basilice principis apostolorum sancti Petri de vrbe : iuxta ordinationem nostram manus porrigentibus adiutrices : vltra plenissimas indulgentias ac alias gratias et facultates quas christifideles ipsi obtinere possunt : iuxta literarum apostolicarum desuper confectarum continentiam misericorditer etiam in domino indulsit atque concessit : vt idoneum possint | eligere confessorem presbyterum secularem . uel cuiusuis etiam mendicantium ordinis regularem . qui eorum confessione diligenter audita . pro commissis per eligentem | delictis et excessibus : ac peccatis quibuslibet : quantumcumque grauibus et enormibus : etiam in dicte sedi reseruatis casibus : ac censuris ecclesiasticis : etiam ab | homine ad alicuius instantiam latis . de consensu partium etiam ratione interdicti incursis . et quarum absolutio eidem sedi esset specialiter reseruata. Preterquam machinationis in personam summi pontificis : occisionis episcoporum aut aliorum superiorum prelatorum et iniectionis manuum violentarum in illos aut alios prelatos . falsificationis | literarum apostolicarum . delationis armorum et aliorum prohibitorum ad partes infidelium ac sententiarum et censurarum occasione aluminum tulfe[537] apostolice de partibus infidelium ad fideles contra prohibitionem apostolicam delatorum incursarum semel in vita et in mortis articulo quotiens ille imminebit . licet mors tunc non subsequatur | Et in non reseruatis casibus totiens quotiens id petierint plenarie absoluere et eis penitentiam salutarem iniungere . necnon semel in vita et in dicto mortis articulo : plenariam omnium peccatorum indulgentiam et remissionem impendere . Necnon per eos emissa pro tempore uota quecumque (vltramarino : visitationis | liminum apostolorum et sancti Jacobi in compostella : religionis et castitatis votis dumtaxat exceptis) in alia pietatis opera commutare auctoritate apostolica | possit et valeat . Indulsit quoque idem sanctissimus dominus noster prefatos benefactores eorumque parentes defunctos qui cum charitate decesserunt in precibus : | suffragiis : elemosynis : ieiuniis : orationibus : missis : horis canonicis : disciplinis : peregrinationibus : et ceteris omnibus spiritualibus bonis que fiunt : et fieri poterunt in tota vniuersali sacrosancta ecclesia militante : et in omnibus membris eiusdem in perpetuum participes fieri . Et quia deuotus | Philippus Kessel[538] presbyter ad ipsam fabricam et necessariam instaurationem | supradicte basilice principis apostolorum iuxta sanctissimi domini nostri Pape intentionem et nostram ordinationem de bonis suis contribuendo se gratum | exhibuit. In cuius rei signum presentes literas a nobis accepit Ideo eadem auctoritate apostolica nobis commissa : et qua fungimur in hac parte | ipsi quod dictis gratiis et indulgentiis vti et eisdem gaudere possit et valeat per presentes concedimus et largimur. Datum Auguste | sub sigillo per nos ad hec ordinato. Die xv Mensis Aprilis Anno domini M.D.xvij.

Forma absolutionis totiens quotiens in vita.

Misereatur tui &c. Dominus noster Jesus christus per meritum sue passionis te absoluat : auctoritate cuius et apostolica mihi in hac parte commissa: et | tibi concessa ego te absoluo ab omnibus peccatis tuis. In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti Amen.

Forma absolutionis et plenissime remissionis : semel in vita et in mortis articulo.

Misereatur tui &c. Dominus noster Jesus christus per meritum sue passionis te absoluat : et ego auctoritate ipsius et apostolica mihi in hac parte commissa : et tibi | concessa te absoluo . primo ab omni sententia excommunicationis maioris vel minoris si quam incurristi . deinde ab omnibus peccatis tuis : conferendo tibi plenissimam omnium | peccatorum tuorum remissionem remittendo tibi etiam penas purgatorii in quantum se claues sancte matris ecclesie extendunt . In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti Amen.

* * * * *

NOTE.--If one effect produced by the perusal of this often-talked-of document be surprise at the extent of the remissions offered to those who should 'stretch out a helping hand towards the repair of the fabric of the Church of the prince of the apostles, St. Peter of Rome,' another surely is amazement at the seeming incongruity of the exceptions. 'Indulgence' is extended to crimes and excesses and any kind of sin, however 'grave and enormous,' but is withheld not only from 'conspiracy against the person of the Pope, murder of Bishops or other superior prelates, laying violent hands on them or on other prelates, forgery of apostolic letters, exportation of arms and other forbidden goods to heathen parts,' but also from the importation of alum from heathen to Christian parts, contrary to the apostolic prohibition, by which the faithful who wanted alum were required to use only that obtained from Tolfa belonging to the Pope.

Superficially regarded, this last exception is suggestive of a commercial monopoly enforced by the threat of spiritual penalties; and so clearly has it been seen that a damaging significance might readily be attached to it, that the accuracy of the passage has frequently been doubted. M. Audin, who in his Histoire de Martin Luther, vol. i. pp. 429-432, gives a copy of the 'Indulgence,' renders the passage thus: 'occasione aluminum (sic) sanctæ ecclesiæ,' &c. By using the word sic, and by appending the note 'Tiré d'une source protestante par un protestant,' M. Audin would seem to have intended to suggest not merely that he doubted the correctness of the copy to which he had had access, but also that the apparently objectionable features of the document might be attributable to inaccuracy.

But transactions of which the causes are imperfectly understood may give rise to very erroneous opinions; and in this case even the most cursory glance at the state of Europe during the pontificate of Pius II., when the alum-works of Tolfa came into existence, will show that there were grave reasons for treating the importation of alum as a most heinous offence--reasons which might well affect the decrees of the Pope, and which had not lost their importance in the time of Leo X.

Until the discovery that alum could be obtained from the hills near Tolfa, the Italians had been dependent for their supplies of this commodity, which they used in very considerable quantities, upon the Turks, who, it is to be borne in mind, had but a few years previously taken Constantinople, and who were now the scourge and dread of Christendom. The Papal view as to the use to which the discovery should be turned is shown in the following extract from a brief of Pius II.:--

'Item quoniam diebus nostris faciens nobiscum Dominus misericordiam suam de absconditis terræ, uberrimas pretiosi aluminis venas antea nunquam inventas miraculo quodam in montibus nostris, qui in patrimonio B. Petri in Tuscia prope arcem Tolpham sunt patefecit, volens videlicet, ne ultra ex fidelium pecunia Turchorum in eos persecutio cresceret, sed ilia ad defensionem nostram uti possemus, justum et pietati suæ placitum reputantes, fructum omnem, qui antehac ex comportato in Christianitatem transmarino alumine penes impios Turchos in Christianorum exitium erat, modo ad nos in suffragium ecclesiæ catholicæ transeat, præsertim cum alumen nostrum, magistra experientia, virtute perfectius, pretio vilius, numero autem sit adeo abundans, ut usui Christianorum in omnem partem satisfacere possit, ex parte omnipotentis Dei Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus sancti, ac nostra ex hoc sancto tribunali apostolica voce hortamur atque requirimus omnes, et singulos profitentes nomen Christianum, ne posthac alumen a Turchis aliisque infidelibus emant, &c. Dat. Romæ apud S. Petrum anno MCDLXIII. vii. id. Aprilis, pontificatus nostri anno v.' (Raynaldus, 'Annales Ecclesiastici,' tom. 29, p. 376).

In his 'History of Inventions, Discoveries,' &c. (Bohn's Standard Library), Beckmann, who, in treating of Alum, quotes several accounts of the works at Tolfa, says:--'The Pope himself has left us a very minute history of this discovery, and of the circumstances which gave rise to it;' and, alluding to the conflicting statements respecting the discoverer, he adds:--'But as I do not wish to ascribe a falsehood to the Pontiff, I am of opinion that the history of this discovery must have been best known to him. He has not, indeed, established the year with sufficient correctness; but we may conclude from his relation that it must have been 1460 or 1465.[539] The former is the year given by Felician Bussi; and the latter that given in the History of the City of Civita Vecchia.' Beckmann's rendering of the Pope's history, though the account is here and there open to criticism, throws much light on the passage in the Indulgence and is otherwise very interesting. It is in these terms:--'A little before that period came to Rome John di Castro, with whom the Pontiff had been acquainted when he carried on trade at Basle, and was banker to Pope Eugenius. His father, Paul, was a celebrated lawyer of his time, who sat many years in the chair of Padua, and filled all Italy with his decisions; for lawsuits were frequently referred to him, and judges paid great respect to his authority, as he was a man of integrity and sound learning. At his death he left considerable riches, and two sons arrived to the age of manhood, the elder of whom, following the profession of the father, acquired a very extensive knowledge of law. The other, who was a man of genius, and who applied more to study, made himself acquainted with grammar and history; but, being fond of travelling, he resided some time at Constantinople, and acquired much wealth by dyeing cloth made in Italy, which was transported thither and committed to his care, on account of the abundance of alum in that neighborhood. Having by these means an opportunity of seeing daily the manner in which alum was made, and from what stones or earth it was extracted, he soon learned the art. When, by the will of God, that city was taken and plundered about the year 1453, by Mahomet II., Emperor of the Turks, he lost his whole property; but, happy to have escaped the fire and sword of these cruel people, he returned to Italy, after the assumption of Pius II., to whom he was related, and from whom he obtained, as an indemnification for his losses, the office of Commissary-General over all the revenues of the Apostolic Chamber, both within and without the city. While in this situation he was traversing all the hills and mountains, searching the bowels of the earth, leaving no stone or clod unexplored, he at length found some alum-stone in the neighborhood of Tolfa. Old Tolfa is a town belonging to two brothers, subjects of the Church of Rome, and situated at a small distance from Civita Vecchia. Here there are high mountains, retiring inland from the sea, which abound with wood and water. While Castro was examining these, he observed that the grass had a new appearance. Being struck with wonder, and inquiring into the cause, he found that the mountains of Asia, which enrich the Turkish treasury by their alum, were covered with grass of the like kind. Perceiving several white stones, which seemed to be minerals, he bit some of them, and found that they had a saltish taste. This induced him to make some experiments by calcining them, and he at length obtained alum. He repaired therefore to the Pontiff, and addressing him said, "I announce to you a victory over the Turk. He draws yearly from the Christians above three hundred thousand pieces of gold, paid to him for the alum with which we dye wool different colors, because none is found here but a little at the island of Hiscla, formerly called Aenaria, near Puteoli, and in the cave of Vulcan at Lipari, which, being formerly exhausted by the Romans, is now almost destitute of that substance. I have, however, found seven hills so abundant in it, that they would be almost sufficient to supply seven worlds. If you will send for workmen, and cause furnaces to be constructed, and the stones to be calcined, you may furnish alum to all Europe; and that gain which the Turk used to acquire by this article being thrown into your hands will be to him a double loss. Wood and water are both plenty, and you have in the neighborhood the port of Civita Vecchia, where vessels bound to the West may be loaded. You can now make war against the Turk: this mineral will supply you with the sinews of war, that is money, and at the same time deprive the Turk of them." These words of Castro appeared to the Pontiff the ravings of a madman: he considered them as mere dreams, like the predictions of astrologers; and all the cardinals were of the same opinion. Castro, however, though his proposals were often rejected, did not abandon his project, but applied to his Holiness by various persons, in order that experiments might be made in his presence on the stones which he had discovered. The Pontiff employed skilful people, who proved that they really contained alum; but lest some deception might have been practised, others were sent to the place where they had been found, who met with abundance of the like kind. Artists who had been employed in the Turkish mines in Asia were brought from Genoa; and these, having closely examined the nature of the place, declared it to be similar to that of the Asiatic mountains which produce alum; and, shedding tears for joy, they kneeled down three times, worshipping God, and praising his kindness in conferring so valuable a gift on our age. The stones were calcined, and produced alum more beautiful than that of Asia, and superior in quality. Some of it was sent to Venice and to Florence, and, being tried, was found to answer beyond expectation. The Genoese first purchased a quantity of it, to the amount of 20,000 pieces of gold; and Cosmo of Medici for this article laid out afterwards seventy-five thousand. On account of this service, Pius thought Castro worthy of the highest honors and of a statue, which was erected to him in his own country, with this inscription:--"To John di Castro, the Inventor of Alum;" and he received besides a certain share of the profit. Immunities and a share also of the gain were granted to the two brothers, lords of Tolfa, in whose land the aluminous mineral had been found. This accession of wealth to the Church of Rome was made, by the divine blessing, under the Pontificate of Pius II.: and if it escape, as it ought, the hands of tyrants, and be prudently managed, it may increase and afford no small assistance to the Roman Pontiffs in supporting the burdens of the Christian religion--Pii Secundi Comment . rer . memorab . quæ temp . suis contigerunt. Francof. 1614, fol. p. 185'

Dr. Georg Voigt, in his 'Enea Silvio de Piccolomini als Papst Pius der Zweite und sein Zeitalter,' vol. iii. pp. 546-48, says:--

'Ein Glückszufall brachte dem Papste noch eine ganz unerwartete Quelle von Einnahmen. Unter ihm wurden die berühmten Alaungruben von Tolfa entdeckt. Der genannte Giovanni de Castro, ein Mann der rührigsten Industrie, der zu Konstantinopel die Färbung italienischer Zeuge betrieben, bei der Eroberung der Stadt jedoch nichts als sein Leben und seine technischen Kenntnisse davongetragen, war der Finder. Umherschweifend auf dem einsamen culturlosen Waldgebirge, das sich unweit Civita-vecchia mit seinen Ausläufern bis zum Meer erstreckt, stöbernd unter den Steinen, Erden und Pflanzen mit dem eigenthümlichen Antriebe solcher Naturen, bemerkte er zunächst ein Kraut, das er auf den alaunhaltigen Bergen Asiens gesehen, dann weisse Steine, die der salzige Geschmack und gar die Auskochung als Alaun erwies. Freudig eilte er zum Papste und verkündete ihm den Sieg über die Türken, zunächst den Industriellen, da der Orient durch den Alaun jährlich über 300,000 Ducaten von den Christen verdiene. Von anderer Seite wird der Astrolog Domenico di Zaccaria aus Padua wenigstens als Mitentdecker angegeben.[540] Pius indess erwähnt nur de Castro. Er und die Cardinäle hielten die Entdeckung anfangs für eine alchymistische Träumerei. Doch bestätigten Sachverständige, dass das Gestein wirklich Alaun und dass es in jenen Bergen in betriebsfähiger Masse vorhanden sei; das reichliche Wasser der Gegend und der nahe Seehafen begünstigten den Bau. Es wurden Gewerbsleute aus Genua berufen, die einst bei den Türken den asiatischen Alaun behandelt; sie weinten vor Freude, als sie das Mineral erkannten, nach der Abkochung zeigte sich seine Güte: 80 Pfund hatten den Werth von 100 Pfund türkischen Alauns. Proben wurden nach Venedig und Florenz versandt. Genuesische Kaufleute schlossen zuerst einen Ankauf für 20,000 Ducaten ab. Dann Cosimo de' Medici einen für 75,000. Der Papst fasste den Vorsatz, das Geschenk Gottes auch zur Ehre Gottes, zum Türkenkriege zu verwenden; er ermahnte alle Christen, fortan nur von ihm, nicht von den Ungläubigen den Alaun einzukaufen, zumal da der seinige nach der Erfahrung besser und billiger sei.[541] Schon im Jahre 1463 wurde tüchtig in den Gruben von Tolfa gearbeitet, 8,000 Menschen waren dabei beschäftigt: der Finder wie die Besitzer des vorher unfruchtbaren Districtes erhielten eine Quote des Gewinnes, der dem apostolischen Schatze jährlich gegen 100,000 Ducaten einbrachte. In der Wahlcapitulation von 1464 wurden sämmtliche Einkünfte von Alaun für den Türkenkrieg bestimmt.'[542]

* * * * *

From Dr. Voigt's statements that as early as the year 1463, 8,000 men were employed in the alum-works of Tolfa, and that the profit to the apostolic treasury, after the claims of the discoverer and the proprietors had been duly recognized, amounted to 100,000 ducats a year, and from the date of the Pope's Brief quoted above, it would seem that the discovery could scarcely have been made later than 1462, the year assigned to it by Niccolo della Tuccia.

The following extract from R. Harrison's translation of A. von Reumont's 'Lorenzo de' Medici,' carries on somewhat further the history of this famous mine and of its position in regard to the Papal Government:--

'The Pope's affection and confidence were shown in various ways. The Roman depository, i.e., the Receiver's office, was handed over to the Medici, with the permission to choose as their representative Giovanni Tornabuoni, director of the Roman bank. New privileges were also granted to them in connection with their share in the farming of the alum-works of Tolfa. It was an important concession. In the days of Pope Pius II., Giovanni di Castro, son of the famous jurisconsult, Paolo, the principal co-operator in the revision of the Florentine statutes (finished in 1415), discovered alum-deposits in the rock while making geological investigations in the hilly country between Civita Vecchia and the territory of Viterbo, in the vicinity of Tolfa. He instantly perceived the importance of his discovery, which promised to free the West, hitherto poor in this mineral, from a tribute to the distant East, made more inaccessible by the Turkish conquests. In fact the produce soon amounted to 160,000 gold florins; and it is well known what sanguine hopes Pius II., whose eyes were directed towards the East, indulged, that this new source of revenue would aid his enterprises. Genoese houses had employed themselves with the alum-trade till the Medici concluded a contract with the Papal exchequer, which afterwards gave rise to many unpleasant misunderstandings with the financial department.'--(Vol. I. p. 275).

An account of the alum of Tolfa is also given in vol. v. chap. i., of the 'Voyages du P. Labat de l'Ordre des FF. Prescheurs, en Espagne et en Italie;' and in the article 'Alaun,' in the 'Oeconomische Encyclopädie,' by Dr. J. G. Krünitz, which is in part derived from Labat's work.

GENERAL INDEX

TO

VOLUMES I.--VIII.

Aarau, meeting of pastors at, to complain of exile of Megander, vi. 367; deputation sent to Berne, 367

Abelard, ii. 18; iii. 44

Ab Hofen, Thomas, Bernese deputy to Geneva, ii. 311 sqq.; his evangelical work, 312; opposition and dejection, 314; death, 316

Adam, iii. 301 sqq.

Adrian VI., Pope, attempts to prevent introduction of Luther's works and followers into Spain, viii. 4

Adrian, Dr., umpire at conference of Schässburg, vii. 384

Agrippa, Cornelius, at Strasburg, i. 360; his career, 363; his book on marriage, 363

Alasco, John, Baron, primate of Poland, vii. 433, 443; unfriendly reception of his nephew John, 445; his devotion to the papacy, 445; examines John, 446; his death, 450

-- Stanislaus, vii. 433; at court of Francis I., 442

-- Yaroslav, vii. 433; gets his brother John appointed a bishop, 452; interview with John, 458; his relations with Zapolya, 458; military service and imprisonment, 458; his death, 459

Alasco, John, Polish reformer, his birth and early life, vii. 434; sets out to visit European courts and universities, 434; at Louvain, 434; meets Zwinglius at Zurich, 435; difficulty of fixing dates of his travels, 436, note; grateful remembrance of Zwinglius, 436; becomes guest of Erasmus, 437; influence of Erasmus on him, 438, 439; studies at Basel under Pellican, 439; friendship with Glareanus, 439; enjoined by King Sigismund to leave Basel, 441; uncertainty of his next course, 442; in Italy, 442; again in Poland, 443; his struggles, 444; worldly associations, 444; decline of faith, 445; false reports about him, 445; examined by the primate, 446; renounces doctrines of the Reformation, 447; urges Erasmus to write to the king, 448; named provost of cathedral church of Gnesne, 448; reads and corresponds with Melanchthon, 449; leans towards Luther, 449; coolness of Erasmus, 450; his place among reformers, 451; has to give up hope of reforming Poland, 451; appointed bishop of Wesprim, 452; bishop of Cujavia, 452; his difficult position, 452; refuses bishopric of Cujavia, 453; leaves Poland, 454; goes to Mentz and Louvain, 454; offers made to him, 455; marries, 456; his life at Embden, 456, 457; declines offer of pastorate there, 458; attends death-bed of his brother Yaroslav, 458, 459; returns to Friesland, 459; writes to Hardenberg, 459; accepts direction of churches in Friesland, 462; invited to Poland, 462; his task in Friesland, 462; charges against him, 463; opposition of John of Falkenberg, 464; writes to Bullinger, 464; conflict with the monks, 465; his appeal to Countess Anna, 466; victory over John of Falkenberg, 467; aims at union of Protestant sects, 468; has a conference with Menno, 468; with David Joris, 470; his ministry, 471; his church government, 471; relations to Erasmus, Zwinglius, and Melanchthon, 472; his Epitome of doctrine, 472; again appeals to Countess Anna, 473; resigns office of superintendent, 473; resumes it, 474; death of his child, 474; his country home, 475; his first letter to Calvin, 475, note; at Louvain, 548, 552; meetings with Francis de Enzinas, viii. 43, 59

Albany, John Stuart, duke of, i. 414; special ambassador of Francis I. to Clement VII., ii. 148; his career, 148, 155; commands French fleet escorting Catherine de' Medici to Nice, 189; escorts Clement VII. to Marseilles, 190; regent of Scotland, vi. 15; returns to France, 15; again in Scotland, defeated by the English, finally quits the country, 21

Albert, duke of Prussia, protects the reformed in Poland, vii. 431

Albigenses, the, ii. 102

Alcagnices, Marchioness of, her conversations with Carranza, viii. 117; gets his works copied and translated, 119

Alcala de Henares, viii. 13; a theological disputation at, 14

Alciati of Milan, at Bourges, ii. 23

Aleander, papal nuncio, obtains edict of persecution for the Netherlands, vii. 488; receives recantation of Spreng, 490

Alençon, Duchess of [Margaret of Angoulême]

Alençon, Duke of, i. 346

Alesius, presents Melanchthon's Common places to Henry VIII., v. 106; account of him, 186; present at convocation, 187; his speech, 188, 189; refused admission, 190; his birth and early life, vi. 11; publicly refutes Luther's doctrine, 51; his interviews with Patrick Hamilton, 52; refuses to condemn him, 75; preaches before the synod, 76; assailed by Prior Hepburn, and imprisoned, 76, 77; released by command of the king, 77; immediately imprisoned again, 78; urged to escape, reluctant to leave Scotland, 80, 81; his flight, 81, 82; embarks at Dundee, 83; his wanderings, 84; his letter to James V., 90, 91

Alexander VI., Pope, i. 119, 211; his decree on printing, ii. 173

Alexander Canus (Dumoulin), goes to Geneva, iv. 195; attempts to arrest him, 198; seized and banished, 205; leaves Geneva, 206

Alexander, Dr., preaches at Dantzic, vii. 425

Alexander, Peter, chaplain to the Regent of the Netherlands, viii. 86; holds a disputation with De Soto, 87; his flight, trial, and burning in effigy, 87; pastor of French church in London, 88

Alva, Duke of, i. 325

Amadeus V. of Savoy, i. 17; seizes the château de l'Ile, 17; becomes vidame, 18; bids for popular favor, 18

Amadeus VIII., his attempt on Geneva, i. 19; his abdication, 21; nominated pope by Council of Basel as Felix V., 21; makes himself prince and bishop of Geneva, 21; his death, 21

Amadeus IX., i. 22

Amman, Louis, vi. 434

Amsterdam, beginning of the Reformation at, vii. 531 sqq.; arrests of evangelicals by night, their execution, 535; Jan van Geelen's attempt to surprise, viii. 348

Amyot, Jacques, iii. 76

Anabaptists, burnt by Henry VIII., v. 63; viii. 160 [Spirituals]

Ancina, Messire d', i. 116, 122

Anderson, Lawrence, his birth and early life, vii. 239; receives evangelical doctrine, 240; administrator of diocese of Strengnaes, 240; friendship with Olaf and Lawrence Peterson, 241; before Gustavus, 258; appointed chancellor of the kingdom, 258; his character, 259; advises Gustavus, 259; translates the New Testament, 269; advises the king on church power, 281; his speech at Diet of Westeraas, 285 sqq.; deputy with Olaf to the king, 291; his speech on return of the king, 293; president of synod of Orebro, 299

Anderson, William, a Protestant of Perth, vi. 178; seized and condemned to death, 181; hung, 181

Andronicus, invited into Switzerland by Farel, iii. 233 sqq.; joins Farel, 235

Angelis, Francis de, viii. 4

Angers, University of, declares for divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 40

Angoulême, city, iii. 5

Angus, Earl of, marries Margaret, regent of Scotland, vi. 15; takes the Great Seal, 22; defeats Lennox, 24; renews proscription of New Testament, 43; keeps the king in subjection, 72; banished, 74; joins English army against the Scots, 138; accompanies the liberated nobles to Scotland, 158; reinstated, 161; imprisoned, liberated, 184

Anhalt, Principality of, the reformation in, viii. 322; the princes of, 322; Luther's letter to them, 326; the reformation established in, 327

Anna, Countess [Friesland]

Annates, in England, abolished, iv. 87

Anne Boleyn, meets Henry VIII., ii. 105; iv. 21, 27; lodged in palace at Greenwich, 103; marriage of, 118, 127; included in Clement's excommunication of Henry VIII., 128; appears as queen, 131; her marriage pronounced lawful, 135; presented to the people, 135; her coronation, 136; unsatisfied, 137; her course and fate, 138; change in her character, v. 32; protects evangelicals, 32; orders liberation of Harman, 33; her bringing up, 119; her good works, 120, 121; esteem for Latimer, 121; Tyndale's present to, 122; character of, 124; opposite views of her, 125; hostility of Norfolk, 126; her difficult position, 127; jealousy of Jane Seymour, 128; gives birth to a dead son, 129; co-operates with Cranmer, 130; her choice of bishops, 130, 131; forebodings, 132; commends her daughter Elizabeth to Parker, 133; charges against her, 133, 134 sqq.; ordered to keep her room, 138; before the council, 139; taken to the Tower, 140; her sympathy, 141; watched, 145; agitation, 146; her letter to the king, 150 sqq.; alleged pre-contract of marriage not proved, 153; her trial, 155 sqq.; sentenced to death, 157; her address to the judges, 158; asks pardon of the princess Mary, 162; her execution, 165 sqq.; effect of her death in Europe, 170, 171

Anne of Beauregard, v. 427, 428

Anne of Cleves, proposal for her marriage with Henry VIII., viii. 193; her portrait, 193; the marriage arranged, 193; at Calais, 194; a game of cards, 194; reaches Canterbury, 195; at Rochester, seen by the king, 195; received by him, 197; enters London, 197; married, 198; hopes, 198; scheme contrived for her divorce, 230 sqq.; consents, 231; receives report of judgment of convocation, 232; her submission, 233; a pension and a palace for her, 234

Anne of Cyprus, i. 21, 22, 23; accused by her son Philip to her husband, 25

Annonay, the 'holy virtues' of, i. 429; preaching of Stephen Machopolis at, 430; of Rénier, 430; of Jonas, 430; arrest and imprisonment of many evangelicals, 431

Anschar, apostle of Scandinavia, vii. 120

Antwerp, vii. 481; beginning of reformation at, 483 sqq.; persecution, 492; the convent of the Augustines destroyed, 499; open-air meeting of the reformed, 503; murder of Nicholas, 504; preaching attended by crowds, 517

Aosta, Lutheranism at, v. 451 sqq.; assembly of estates at, 452; resolution against Lutheranism, 453; monuments of Calvin's passage through, 454

Apologists, Christian, iii. 10, 182

Appeals to the pope, abolished in England, iv. 179

Aquinas, Thomas, Calvin's admiration of, i. 387; ii. 167

Arcimbold, sells indulgences in Scandinavia, vii. 127; gains over the King of Denmark, 128; sends his brother to Gothland, 236

Aresen, Johan, bishop of Holum, vii. 226; his quarrel with bishop of Skalholt, 226; vanquished in single combat, 226; takes up arms against the reformation, 229; usurps the see of Skalholt, 229; arrested and executed with his sons, 230; barbarous revenge of his partisans, 230

Arlod, Jean d', i. 271; iv. 313; v. 352; imprisoned at Chillon, 353

--, Domaine d', iii. 364; proscribed by the bishop, 439; seized and imprisoned, 441, 457.

Arnold of Winkelried, i. 194

Arran, Earl of, vi. 152; his character, 154; proclaimed regent of Scotland, 154; his evangelical chaplains, 155; favors project of marriage of Mary Queen of Scots with Edward of England, 158; confirmed in the regency, 161; dismisses his chaplains, 168; refuses the hostages to Henry VIII., 171; assembles an army at Edinburgh, 172; his irresolution, 173; joins the cardinal at Stirling, 173; submits to the pope and is absolved, 174; accompanies Beatoun to Perth, sanctions martyrdom of Protestants, 181; and persecution in Forfarshire, 182; flies from Edinburgh with Beatoun, 183; gives up Wishart to Beatoun, 197; writes to the cardinal about him, 197

Arras, martyrs at, i. 349; iii. 142

Artois, preaching of Berquin in, i. 332, 333

Aske, Robert, heads revolt of Catholics in Yorkshire, v. 206; the pilgrimage of grace, 206; at Pomfret Castle, 209; confronts the Lancaster herald, 209; resolves to march on London, 210

Askew, Anne, account of, viii. 274; her marriage and separation, 275; imprisoned, her examinations, 276; before Bishop Bonner, 277; liberated on bail, 277; again arrested, examined, 277, 278; her firmness, 279; condemned to be burnt, 279; again examined and tortured by Wriothesley and Rich, 280, 281, and note; her martyrdom, 283 sqq.

Athanasian Creed, the, vi. 317

Audley, Sir Thomas, Speaker, iv. 9; appointed Chancellor, 91; one of Fryth's examiners, 151; begs for gift of convents, v. 99; member of commission of inquiry into conduct of Queen Anne, 136, 139; viii. 226

Augsburg, Diet of, ii. 216, 255, 415, 421; vii. 170; influence of the confession in Hungary, 345

Augustines, at Geneva, i. 44

Augustine, St., iv. 46

Austria, ii. 215, 216; delegates at Diet, of Augsburg, 217, 218, 219 [Ferdinand of Austria, Philip of Hesse]

Avalos, Don Gaspard d', opposes publication of Spanish New Testament, viii. 61

Avenches, iii. 212

Avignon, Francis I., holds council at, ii. 214; the embroiderer of, iv. 325; seized and ill-used, 325; reaches Geneva, 326

Avila, John d', his preaching in Andalusia, viii. 4, 5, 6; exposes the fraud of Madeline de la Croix, 7; defends St. Theresa, 7; counsels Sancha de Carile, 8; arrested by the Inquisition, and acquitted, 17

Babinot, Albert, iii. 46; sent by Calvin to preach, 58; at Toulouse, 59, 61

Baduel, Claude, ii. 257; seeks introduction to Margaret of Navarre, 258; visits her, 259; his career, 259; envoy from Margaret to Melanchthon, iv. 368

Baillot, Jacques, of Neuchâtel, advocates giving help to Geneva, v. 323; on the march, 327

Bainham, James, iv. 106; arrested and tortured by More, 106; before Bishop of London, 107; his abjuration and sentence, 107; remorse, 108; repentance, 108; condemned, 109; visited by Latimer, 109; martyrdom, 110

Bakker, Johan van, with his father denounced as a Lutheran, vii. 510; sent to Louvain, becomes a priest, 511; imprisoned, liberated, goes to Wittenberg, 511; returns, and is banished, 511; wanderings, 511; separates from Rome, 512; opposes indulgences, 512; arrested, 513; his trial, 513; imprisoned, 514; his father, 515; his martyrdom, 515, 516

Balard, syndic of Geneva, i. 204; elected syndic, 263; cited, 292, note; iii. 282, 286, 290; recommends celebration of the mass, v. 367; his views, 411; examined before the Council, vi. 502 sqq.

Balkerley, Martin, imprisoned at Edinburgh for reading the Scriptures, vi. 113; pays a ransom and is left in prison, a double ransom demanded, 113; liberated, 113

Balleyson, M. de, i. 278, 291, 295, 297

Balue, Master, deputy of the Sorbonne, ii. 287

Bandière, Ami, i. 267, 270, 276, 292; leads the search for Pontverre, and is wounded, ii. 379

Bandière, Jean, i. 292

Bandini, Francesco, Archbishop of Siena, receives deputation accusing Paleario, iv. 444; consents to support the charge, 445

Baner, Eric, in charge of Gustavus Vasa, vii. 245

Baptism, a reformed, at Geneva, iv. 249

Barbarossa, iv. 465

Barbier, instigates plot against reformers at Geneva, v. 244

Bar-le Duc, conference and treaty of, ii. 224 sqq., 297

Barlow, Dr., prior of Bisham, his embassy to Scotland, vi. 100, 101; ready to preach, 105

Barnes, envoy to reformers at Wittenberg, v. 106; sent by the king to invite Melanchthon, 107; well received by Elector of Saxony, 107; joined by Fox and Hare, 109; takes part in negotiating marriage of the king with Anne of Cleves, viii. 202; appointed to preach at Paul's Cross, superseded by Gardiner, 202; preaches, 203; reprimanded by the king, 204; reads a retractation, and again preaches, 204; committed to the Tower, 204; with Garret and Jerome and three Papists, burnt at Smithfield, 227, 228

Barton, Elizabeth [Maid of Kent]

Basel, council of, i. 21; embassy to Geneva, ii. 390, 392; treaty with landgrave of Hesse, 420; conferences at, vi. 325; vii. 43, 44

Baud, Claude, syndic of Geneva, attempts to direct Catholic rioters, iii. 375; plants the city banner, 379; refuses to give the signal for attack, 385; takes part in consultation for peace, 395; iv. 200; searches for Froment, 205

Bayfield, Richard, in prison, iv. 83; his martyrdom, 84

Beatoun, David, abbot of Arbroath, negotiates return of his uncle, the primate, to St. Andrews, vi. 28; one of the judges of Patrick Hamilton, 61; accompanies James V. to Paris, 108; again in France, made bishop of Mirepoix, 108; negotiates marriage of James with Mary of Lorraine, 109; his character and aims, 110, 111; created cardinal, 111; unites with the king against the gospellers and the nobles, 112; finds money for the king, 113; his arrogance, 113; goes to France to seek aid for Scotland, 115; persecutes the gospellers, 116 sqq.; demands the burning of Kennedy and Russel, 123; succeeds his uncle as primate, 124: his persecutions checked by the king, 126; holds assembly of prelates and nobles at St. Andrews, 126; aims at ruin of Henry VIII., 133; prevents interview of James and Henry, 135; visits James V. on his death-bed, 149; under alleged will of the king claims to be president of the council of regency, 153; opposes appointment of Arran to the regency, 154; appointed chancellor, 155; resists scheme for marriage of Mary Queen of Scots with Prince Edward of England, 158; excluded from the council and imprisoned, 159; results of his arrest, 160; liberated, 169; his intrigues against the regent, 169; convokes the clergy, 170; induces the regent to refuse the hostages, 171; removes the two queens to Stirling, 172; receives submission of Arran and absolves him, 174; crowns the queen, 175; resolves to crush the Reformation, 177; goes to Perth, condemns six Protestants to death, 181; persecutes them in Forfarshire, 182; on appearance of English army at Leith, flies from Edinburgh with Arran, 183; sets a body of armed men to waylay Wishart, 196; imprisons Wishart, 197; convokes the bishops, 197; arms his men to escort them and Wishart, 198; presides at his trial, 198 sqq.; witnesses his martyrdom, 205 sqq.; marries his daughter to David Lindsay, 208; quarrels with Norman Lesley, 209; a conspiracy formed against him, orders his partisans to meet him at Falkland, 209; his castle seized by Norman Lesley, 211; murdered, 212; opinions on the murder, 214

Beatoun, James, primate of Scotland, gathering of the Hamiltons in his palace, vi. 16; dissensions with the queen-mother and the nobles, 22; deprived of the Great Seal by Angus, 23; plots with the priests against Angus, 23; in concealment in Fifeshire, 24; returns to St. Andrews, 28; cites Patrick Hamilton before him, 28; invites him to a conference, 48; cites him on a charge of heresy, 54; orders his arrest, 59; pronounces sentence on him, 64; sanctions imprisonment of Alesius, 78; condemns Seaton's doctrines, 88; imprisons Thomas Forrest, 92; leaves his see to his nephew David, 124

Beatrice of Portugal, married to duke Charles III., i. 218; reception of, at Geneva, 219 sqq.; birth of a son, 234; deputation of women to her in behalf of Levrier, 251; quits Geneva, 251; ii. 452

Beaugency, ancient custom at, ii. 6

Becon, Thomas, quoted, iv. 162

Beda, syndic of the Sorbonne, advises persecution of Lutherans, i. 332, 333; reports on Berquin's works, 334; principal of Montaigu College, 386; attacks Berquin, 403; his refutation of Erasmus, 404; arrested, 405; attacked by Berquin, 406; urges persecution of Berquin, 431, 432; ii. 34, 36, 40; attacks the professors, 59; his charges dismissed by the parliament, 60; adopted by the Sorbonne, 60; declaims against reformers, 90; urges arrest of preachers, 119; general in the war against Lutherans, 121; sets mendicant friars to work, 121, 122; confined to his house by the king's order, 124; breaks loose, 125; appears before the parliament, 129; banished, 130; his departure, 133; censor of books, 167; detects heresy in Margaret's Mirror, 167; returns to Paris, 230; attacks professors of University of Paris, 230; demands burning of Roussel and others, 231; his debate with Roussel in the prison, 233; his Remonstrance read by the king, 233; imprisoned, 233; accuses the king, iii. 115; charged with treason, his imprisonment and death, 116; iv. 40

Bell, Dr., joint commissioner to Oxford University, iv. 33

Bellantes, Antonio, his friendship with Paleario, iv. 439; his mother, 440; her property stolen by the monks, 440

Bellantes, Faustus, warns Paleario, iv. 441; at his trial, 441, 451

--, Evander, at trial of Paleario, iv. 451

Bellegarde, Sieur de, prepares ambuscade for Levrier, i. 246; seizes and takes him to castle of Bonne, 247; tortures him, 251; treachery to Bonivard, ii. 406; envoy to the emperor, iii. 282; bribes the grand equerry, 262; has audience of Charles V., 263; interview with Granvella, 265; his letter to the duke, 266; his plans against Geneva, 267; projects a fortress, 273

Bellessert, Captain, commands one of the bands against Lutherans, iii. 378; strikes down Philippe, and is wounded by him, 387

Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal, iv. 432, 465, 482

Benoit, Andrew, goes to Geneva, vi. 299 [Spirituals]

Berger, Nicholas, assassinated by Pennet, iv. 233

Bergeron, G., syndic of Geneva, i. 308

Bernard, Carmelite, martyrdom of, vii. 516

Bernard of Lublin, vii. 422

Bernard, Claude, iii. 277, 296, 314; his daughter, 325, 327, 328; rescues Froment, 347; aids in rescue of Olivétan, 363; leads Huguenots in the fight in the Molard, 416; receives evangelists into his house, v. 245, 247, 250; proposes suppression of the mass, &c., 275

Bernard, Jacques, superior of Franciscans, converted by Farel's preaching, iv. 254; v. 251; preaches in convent church, 251; undertakes a public disputation, 253; ten theses, 254, 255, 263; at the debate, 265 sqq.; appointed pastor at Geneva, vi. 414

Bernard, John, i. 57, 134, 256; ii. 333

Bernard, Louis, throws off his priestly robes, iv. 283; marries, 305; writes to Calvin, vii. 14

Berne, i. 154, 155, 182; friendly to Geneva, 276, 277; embassy to Geneva, 280; exiles at, 283; receives news of Huguenot triumph at Geneva, 302; alliance with Friburg and Geneva, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310, 376; Genevese and Savoyard deputations to, ii. 307; admonishes duke of Savoy, 338; warns Geneva, 338; triumph of the Scriptures at, 346; Bernese Lutherans at Geneva, 385, 390, 392, 400, 420; prepares to succour Geneva, 424, 432; asks help of Geneva, 442; refuses help to Geneva, 445; deputies propose renunciation of alliance, 446; demands it again, 449; Genevese embassy to, 450; alliance maintained, 450; joint-suzerain of Orbe, iii. 205; orders that all fathers of families should attend Farel's preaching, 217; opens churches at Granson to reformers, 238, 239; with Friburg publishes first act of religious liberty in Switzerland, 244; intervenes in favor of religious liberty at Geneva, 365; counter embassies to, from Geneva, 402, 403, 404; embassy to Geneva, 428; the deputies counsel yielding to the bishop, 453; sends Farel to Geneva, iv. 207; embassy to Geneva, 215; protects the reformers, 216; compels opening of a church to them, 219; insists upon trial of Furbity, 220; deputies assist at his examination, 243 sqq., 255; farewell of the embassy, 256; intervention on behalf of Maisonneuve, 273; Genevese embassy to, 309; exhorts Savoy and Burgundy to cease hostilities against Geneva, 317, 318; intervenes for Maisonneuve and Janin, 322; supports duke of Savoy, 340; refuses aid to Geneva, v. 316; negotiates with duke of Savoy on its behalf, 360; helps Geneva, 372; declares war against duke of Savoy, 373; march of the army under Nägueli, 374; demands sovereignty of Geneva, 397; reduction and annexation of Vaud, 398; the envoys at Aosta, 450, 451; the Bernese take Yverdun, and abolish Romish worship, vi. 229; edict issued for disputation at Lausanne, 234; ordinances for the Pays de Vaud, 263; treaty with Lausanne, 265; issues edict of reformation for the Pays de Vaud, 272; synod of, 320; another synod convoked, 327; a patched-up peace, 327; another synod, 327 sqq.; deputies of, at Geneva, support the malcontent Huguenots, 340; letter to the Reformers, 348; an embassy to Geneva promised, 348; and not sent, 349; sanctions the Genevese confession, 350; dismissal of Megander, 367; deputation of country pastors to Berne, 367, 368; views of Bernese on church and state, 371; on worship, 372; convoke a synod at Lausanne, 373; letters to Calvin and the Council of Geneva, 376; letter of the council to the Genevese on behalf of Calvin and Farel, 418; delegates sent with them to Geneva, 431; received by the council, 433; dispute about treaty with Geneva, 512; a new treaty, 513; quarrel about it, 514; summons the Genevese to a trial at Lausanne, 516; sentence against Geneva, 516; proposes fresh discussion, 517

Berquin, Louis, arrested and liberated, i. 332; his character, 332; preaching in Artois, 332; assailed by priests and nobles, 333; his books examined by the Sorbonne, 334; imprisoned, 335; interrogated, 343; threatened with the stake, 343; proceedings stopped by Francis I., 344; partial liberation, 358; set free, 377; his task, 378; resolves to attack the papal power, 403; letter to Erasmus, 404; rejects advice of Erasmus, 405; attacks Beda and the Sorbonne, 406; censured by Erasmus, 407; abuse of, 431; ii. 30; judges appointed to try him, 33; Margaret's intercession, 34; arrested, 35; his letter discovered, 35; sentence pronounced, 36; appeals, 37; efforts of Budaeus, 38; a fall and a recovery, 39; sentenced to be burnt, 40; execution hurried on, 41; martyrdom, 43 sqq.; effect on spectators, 44, 55

Berthaud, appointed to preach in Paris, ii. 117; his end, 119; confined by the king's orders, 125; forbidden to preach, 228; burning of, demanded by Beda, 231; set free, 234; arrested, iii. 113; before the king, 117; sent to a convent, 125

Berthelier, Philibert, Genevese patriot, i. 2; his character and aim, 30, 36, 39; accepts from the Bastard the government of Peney, 40; friendship with Bonivard, 47, 50; tears up his commission, 56; his school of liberty, 59, 64; frustrates attempt of the duke to seize Levrier, 64; his intercourse with Bonivard, 66, 67, 68; calls a meeting of patriots, 69 sqq.; his exhortation to unity, 70; watched by agents of the bishop, 71; practical joke about Claude Gros' mule, 73; threatened with a fine by the vidame, 74; scheme to get rid of him, 76, 80; demanded by the bishop, 83; warned, 83; escapes with the Friburgers, 84; the search for him, 84; at Friburg, 84; his speech to the guilds, 86; offered a pardon by the duke, 92; alleged to be a 'charmer' 97; his return to Geneva, 110; promotes the Swiss alliance, 110; obstacle to destruction of liberty, 112; his trial, 112; his energy and devotion, 130, 131; his proposition for consultation of patriots, 134; his friendship with Marty, of Friburg, 136; rouses the Genevese to action, 143; tried by the syndics and acquitted by the council, 144; rejects bribe offered by the duke, 153, 160, 161, 173, 178, 185; the bishop 'watches for' him, 188; his serenity, 188; his retreat, 188; arrested, 189; in prison, 190; his religious faith, 191; refuses to be tried by Desbois, 192; proposal to rescue him, 193; sentence of death, 195; execution, 196; procession through Geneva, 196; impression produced by his death, 197; sanguis semen, 198, 213, 282; his memory honored, 314; iv. 210

'Bésolles war,' the, i. 181, 207

Beyaerts, Jan, vii. 550, 551; removes pictures from the churches, 552; arrested, 554, 555

Beza, Theodore, i. 386, 396, 398; ii. 8, 19, 21, 22; birth and early life of, first meets Calvin, 23

Bible, the, in French, prohibited in France, i. 342; difficulty of obtaining at Paris, ii. 87; Latin, of Stephens, 87; first French published, v. 272; act passed by Scottish parliament for freedom to read, vi. 163 [Tyndale, Cromwell, Cranmer, and names of various versions]

Biderman, John [Blanchet]

Billik, Carmelite, papal delegate at Ratisbon, viii. 102

Bilney, Thomas, character and opinions of, iv. 77; his preaching, 78; friendship with Latimer, 78; arrested, 79; attempts of monks to convert him, 79; his trial, 80; condemned, 80; his last evening, 81; martyrdom, 82, 83, 93

Bishopers and Commoners, at Geneva, ii. 329, 350

Bishops, of England, their reply to petition of the Commons, iv. 13, 14; the reply criticised, 15; resist attack on their privileges, 17; their subterfuge, 18; alliance with the king against reformers, 72; attempt to impose on lower clergy the payment promised to the king, 73 sqq.; begin persecution of Lutherans, 77; submit to the king, 89; their oath at consecration, 89; renounce orders of the pope prejudicial to the king, 90; election of, regulated, 180; declare the papacy a human invention, 181; suspension of their jurisdiction, v. 83; decline to answer German envoys, viii. 156; find a compromise impossible, 180, 181; protest against referring the translation of the Bible to the universities, 257

Bishops, government by, i. 284, 285; arguments for temporal power, iii. 452

Bishops in Denmark, excluded from the Diet, vii. 220

'Bishop's Book,' the, viii. 261

Blancherose, physician, takes part in disputation at Lausanne, vi. 242, 245, 250, 253, 254

Blanchet, i. 69; his adventures, 109; imprisoned at Turin, 114; his examination, 115; tortured, 116, 121; sentenced to death, 122; beheaded, 123; treatment of his remains, 123, 124; agitation in Geneva, 124, 127, 182

Blois, Roussel and Lefèvre at, i. 363; a 'placard' on the king's door, iii. 106

Bockhold [John of Leyden]

Bocking, Friar, instigates imposture of Maid of Kent, v. 8, 9; before Star Chamber, 15

Bocquet, Christopher, preaches at Geneva, iii. 329; again, 336, 353; ordered to leave Geneva, 354

Boehmer, Edward, his researches on the brothers Valder, iv. 457 note, 467 note

Bohemia, the Reformation in, vii. 417; the Calixtines, 417; the Taborites, 417

Boiling to death, penalty for poisoning, iv. 68

Bois-le-Duc, martyrs at, vii. 537

Boisseau de la Borderie, Jean, iii. 46

Bologna, Conference of, ii. 142 sqq.; another congress, iv. 22; meeting of Clement VII. and Charles V., 126; beginning of reformation at, 451; address of evangelicals to John of Planitz, 452

Bologna, University of, appealed to by Henry VIII. on his divorce, iv. 40; the judgment, 41

Boniface VIII., Pope, ii. 461

Boniface, Cardinal bishop of Ivrea, arrests Curione and his friends, iv. 416

Bonivard, Francis, his arrival at Geneva, i. 46; birth and education, 46; friendship with Berthelier, 47, 50, 57; rejects proposal made to him to seize Levrier, 63, 64; warns him, 64; his character, 67; fascinates Berthelier, 67; their intercourse and aims, 67, 68; his difference with the bishop, 72, 76, 80, 83, 96; attempts to save Pécolat, 98; resolves to 'bell the cat,' 100; gets inhibition of the metropolitan served on the bishop, 100; his advice to Pécolat's friends, 103, 104; goes to Rome, 117; what he saw there, 118; fails in his suit for bishopric, 120; warned of danger at Turin, 121; his flight, 121; discouraged, 131, 134, 143, 151, 153; his speech in chapter, 157; his protest, 159; pacifies the people threatening the canons, 160, 161, 168, 169; escapes from Geneva, 173, 175; betrayed, 185; compelled to resign his priory, 186; imprisoned by the duke, 186, 191, 199; set at liberty, 211, 245, 255, 264; his estimate of La Baume, 265; restored to his priory, 314; advocates expulsion of the prince-bishop, ii. 329, 334, 336; detested by papal party, 348; threatened with expulsion from his priory, 348; his estimate of excommunication, 349; reflections on state of Geneva, 352, 353; his reply to proposal of Huguenots, 354; his fief at Cartigny, 358; maintains reciprocity of rights between prince and subject, 358; obtains support of the council to his claim, 359; takes possession of Cartigny, 360; loses it, 360; his expedition to recover it, 360; his grass mown by Pontverre, 371; among the Lutherans, 385; his raids to recover his rents, 401; fires at the papal proctor, 401; illness of his mother, 402; obtains safe-conduct to visit her, 403; at Seyssel, 403; slandered at Geneva, 403; perplexity, 404; safe-conduct extended, 405; proposes to give up his priory, 405; at Moudon, 406; journey to Lausanne, 406; kidnapped, 407; imprisoned at Chillon, 408; treatment, 408; liberation of, demanded and refused, 432; incidents of his confinement, v. 399; orders given for his death, 400; liberated, 401; made free of city of Geneva, marries, 416; a prediction fulfilled, 417, 418

Bonivard, Jean Aimé, prior of St. Victor, i. 46; orders his culverins to be cast into church bells, 47; his death, 47

Bonner, Edmund, envoy to Marseilles, iv. 168; forces his way into the pope's palace, 169; presents the king's appeal to a council, 170; threatened by the pope, 173; ambassador in France, viii. 177; conveys to Cromwell the Bibles printed at Paris, 177; appointed bishop of London, 202; declares against Cromwell, 211; his activity, 237; assails Grafton, 238; persecutes citizens of London, 238 sqq.; admonitions to his diocese, 257

Borthwick, Sir John, cited before Cardinal Beatoun, escapes to England, vi. 127; his property confiscated and his effigy burnt, 128; withdraws from the court, 168

Bothniensis, Nicolaus, president of assembly at Upsala, vii. 340

Bothwell, Earl of, opens negotiations on the part of Scottish nobility with Northumberland, vi. 85; withdraws from the court, 168; sides with Beatoun, 169; prohibits preaching of Wishart in Haddingtonshire, 194; arrests him, 196; gives him up to the regent, 197

Boulet, Bernard, treasurer of Geneva, i. 257; assaulted by Richardet, 258; his friends turn it to account, 259; reports it to ducal council, 259; appears at a general council, 260; condemned, 285

Bourbon, Constable of, i. 325, 337

Bourges, University of, ii. 23; centre of reformed doctrine, 24, 29; declares for divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 40

Bouteville, Prior of, iii. 14, 17

Boxley, fraud of monks at, v. 89

Brandenburg, George, margrave of, vii. 392

Brask, bishop of Linkoping, resolves to suppress the Lutheran heresy, vii. 242, 243; entreats the pope that Olaf may be sentenced to death, 244, 257; his violence, 262; remonstrates with Magnus, 263; demands trial of the reformers, 263; circulates books against them, 264; his services to Sweden, 268; letters to Gustavus, 268; excommunicates Olaf, 268; stirs up the people against him, 269; censures the primate, 276; attends diet of Westeraas, 282; at secret meeting of the bishops, instigates opposition to reforms, 283; gains Thure Joensson, 284; his speech at the diet, 287; deprived of his castle, 294, 295; leaves Sweden, 295; his death, 295

Brereton, William, arrested, v. 136; examined, 148; beheaded, 159

Briconnet, bishop of Meaux, i. 355, 366, 428; ii. 57; iii. 76

Brion, Denis, burnt, iv. 364

Brothers, enmities of, viii. 99; love of, 119, 120

Brouwart, Jean de, i. 349

Brown, George, made archbishop of Dublin, v. 131

Bruccioli, translates New Testament into Italian, iv. 410

Bruly, Pierre, preaches at Ghent, vii. 546; removes to Strasburg, 547

Brunswick, beginning of reformation at, viii. 319; evangelical preaching decreed, 319; organization by Pomeranus, 320

Brussels, the reformation at, vii. 565; persecution, 568 sqq.

Bucer, reformer, his qualifications as peacemaker, ii. 02; his confidence in Margaret, 63; letter to Luther, 63, 88, 89, 183; interview with William Du Bellay, 245; mission of Chelius to, 263; his proposals examined before Francis I., 264 sqq.; iii. 67; his opinion of Servetus, 86, 150, 152, 153, 154; with Calvin visits Erasmus, 156; condemns divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 42, 349, 352, 353; prepares to go to France, 361; his works read in Italy, 408; joint envoy to Henry VIII., v. 118; proposes a conference with Calvin, vi. 275; advocates union of Lutherans and Zwinglians, 324; defended by Myconius and Grynæus at Basel, 325; gets another synod held at Berne, 327; with Capito goes to Berne, 327; his views, 328; agrees to Calvin's view of the sacrament, 329; revises Megander's catechism, 366; attends synod of Zürich, 422; invites Calvin to Strasburg, 445; acquaintance with Juan Diaz, viii. 101; delegate to conference of Ratisbon, 102; writes to Cranmer, 147, 187

Buchanan, George, sent to Paris, vi. 16; his epitaph on Madeleine of Valois, 108; account of him, 118; imprisoned, 119; escapes to France, 119

Buckmaster, Dr., vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, iv. 29, 30, 31, 37; presents the sentence on the divorce to the king, 37; conference with the king, 38

Budaeus, William, ii. 9; one of the judges on trial of Berquin, 36; tries to save him, 38 sqq., 40, 50, 65, 140; present at torture of De la Croix, 242; iv. 393

Budé, Matthew, goes with Juan Diaz to Geneva, viii. 101

Bugenhagen [Pomeranus]

Bullinger, iv. 353; vi. 323; vii. 23; viii. 144, 145; dedicates works to Henry VIII., 146, 147

Bulls, papal, proclamation of Henry VIII. against, iv. 44

Burgos, viii. 38, 41

Burgundians, at Geneva, i. 9; compilation of code, i. 9; first and second kingdoms of the, 9

Burgundy, Marshal of, takes part with Savoy in advance on Geneva, iv. 310, 315

Burrey, Denis, governor to Erick, son of Gustavus Vasa, vii. 325, 326; goes in search of Erick and is slain by his order, 329

Bursinel, meeting of knights at, Order of the Spoon instituted, ii. 355

Butler, John, writes to Bullinger, viii. 198 [Students, English]

Cadan, peace of, ii. 255; iv. 373

Cadena, Louis of, opposes scholasticism, viii. 16; his exile, 17

Cajetan, Cardinal, sent into Hungary, vii. 351

Calcagnini, Celio, iv. 427

Calixtines, the, in Bohemia, vii. 417; correspond with Luther, 418, 421; the majority adopt his views, 421

Calmar, blockaded by the Danes, vii. 246

Calmar, Union of, vii. 121; violated by Sweden, 128; dissolved, 257

Calvi, bookseller of Pavia, circulates the works of the reformers, iv. 407, 408

Calvin, i. 2, 4; distinction between his reformation and that of Luther, 4; his influence on politics, 4; his disciples in foreign countries, 5; founder of American republic, 5; the charge of despotism against him, 5; his plea for Servetus, 6; his work, 68, 317; his great idea, 319; the complete reformer, 321; his origin, 322; compared with Margaret of Angoulême, 323 sqq.; enters college of La Marche, 381; influence of Mathurin Cordier on him, 382, 383; removes to Montaigu College, 384; a Spanish professor, 385; classical studies, 385; his moral and devout character, 386; a strict Romanist, 386; a hard student, 386; has a benefice, visits Noyon, 387; first breath of the new Gospel, 387; friendship with Olivétan, 388; chronology of his student life obscure, 388; intercourse with Olivétan, 389; resists Olivétan's innovations in religion, 389; secret struggles, 390; alarm of his teachers, 390; confession to the priest, 391; distress of mind, 391; conversion, 394; reverence for church authority, 396; investigates claims of the pope of Rome, 397; longing for unity with truth, 398; results of his conversion, 398; its date, 399; shyness and reserve, 400; his father's grief and plan, 400, 401; consents to study law, 401, 404

--, goes to Orleans, ii. 1; enters household of Duchemin, 2; falls under influence of L'Etoile, 3, 4, 5; proctor of the Picard nation, 6; demands the maille de Florence at Beaugency, 6; a close student, 7; visits house of F. Daniel, 8; acquaintance with Wolmar begins, 9; studies Greek, 10; his fellowship with Wolmar, 11; inward struggles, 11; accused of schism, 12; sympathy with the Psalmist, 12; phases of his conversion, 14; renunciation of the world, 15; his motto, 16; his great qualities recognized, 16; study of the Bible and of the law, 17; sought as a teacher, 17; teaches in families, 18; called to Noyon, 20; his father's illness, 20 sqq.; his first extant letter, 21; first meeting with Beza, 22; goes to Bourges, 23; reads works of Luther and Melanchthon, 24; Wolmar's appeal to him, 25; hesitation, 25; preaches, 27; intrigues of priest, 28; again called to Noyon, his father's death, 29, 47, 48; curé of Pont l'Evêque, 49; preaches, 49; goes to Paris, 50, 51; his visitors, 51 sqq.; visit to a nunnery, 52; social habits, 54; renounces the law, 54; speaks at secret meetings, 55; his extensive correspondence, 56; returns to Paris, 58; observant of the Sorbonne, 60; works in obscurity, 61; his activity, 87; rejects Daniel's proposal of office in Roman church, 84; his commentary on Seneca, 85; publishes it, 86; form of his name, 86; makes his book known, 87; a search for Bibles, 87; interview with a young 'Frondeur,' 89; writes to Bucer, 89; intercourse with La Forge, 90; with Tillet, 91; abstinence, 92; first intercourse with Margaret of Navarre, 93; declines to enter her service, 93; quoted, 123; preaches at Paris, 138, 176, 178, 183, 184; his labors at Paris, 198; writes address for Cop to deliver, 199; the address, 199; his idea of a universal church, 202; in favor with Margaret, 205; interview with her, 205; his arrest ordered by the parliament, 209; escapes, 210; recognized on his way, 211; in concealment, 212, 262; his narrative of conversion of the provostess of Orléans, 272 sqq.

--, flight, iii. 4; received by Du Tillet, 6; his Doxopolis, 8; his studies, 9; sketches his Christian Institutes, 10; combats materialism, 12; love of nature, 13; teaches Greek, 14; visits prior of Bouteville, 15; conferences, 16; sermons, 18; preaches in Latin, 18; visits Roussel, 22; visits Lefèvre, 23; goes to Poitiers, 44; attends disputations at the university, 45; his friends, 47; his teaching, 47; visits the lieutenant-general, 48; in the garden, 48; his grotto, 51; view of the mass, 52, 53; sends evangelists into France, 58; care for the young, 60; leaves Poitiers, 64; renunciation of Roman orders, 64, 65; goes to Paris, 66; saddened, 77; first contact with the Spirituals, 78; attacks them, 81, 82; encounters Servetus, 86; agrees to conference with him, 87; Servetus absents himself, 87; first theological work, Psychopannychia, 88; his bitterness, 89; leaves Paris, 91; reaches Strasburg, 91; comments on procession of relics, 127 sqq.; his mission, 149; received by Zell, 150; friendships, 153; his estimate of Strasburg reformers, 153; meets Erasmus at Friburg, 156; goes to Basel, 157; received by Catherine Klein, 157; silent growth, 159; friendships, 160; his book on Immortality criticised, 161; translation of New Testament, 162; hears of persecution at Paris, 163; his plea for compassion, 163; effect of the martyrdoms on him, 169; resolves to publish his Institutes, 170; goes to the fountain head, 171; account of the Institutes, 172, 180; letter to the king, 182; publication of the Institutes, 191; starts for Italy, 192; his object, 193; agreement of Luther and Calvin, 368; in preparation for Geneva, 458

--, his influence in England, iv. 2; condemns divorce of Henry VIII., 42; his place in the Reformation, 208; protests against union with popery, 353; writes to Francis I., 383; welcomes Caraccioli at Geneva, 464; expected at Ferrara, 489

--, expected at Ferrara, v. 421; arrives at Ferrara, 421; his interviews with the duchess, 422, 423; preaches, 426; his portrait painted by Titian, 431; intercourse with Master François, 431 sqq.; his letter to Duchemin, 436, 437; writes to Roussel, 439 sqq.; his influence in Italy, 441; arrested by the Inquisition, 444; rescued, 445; his wanderings, 446; reaches Aosta, 447, 451; 'Calvin's farm,' 452, 453; monuments of his flight, 454; returns to France, 455; at Noyon, 455; arrives at Geneva, 456; meeting with Farel, 458; consents to stay at Geneva, 462; visits Basel, 463; his vocation as reformer, 464; his concession to the state, 465; his place in history, 466 sqq.; mention of him in a council minute, 469

--, his arrival at Geneva, vi. 221; refuses any official charge, 222; reader in holy Scripture, 222; character of his teaching, 223; his view of church discipline, 225; retained by advice of the council, 228; goes with Farel to Lausanne, 228, 236; his speeches at the disputation, 247, 255; begins to take part in church government, 273; his work compared with Luther's and Zwingli's, 275; elected pastor at Geneva, 276; biographies of him, 276 note; prepares a catechism, 280, 281; and a confession of faith, 282; his memoir on order in the church, 285 sqq.; requires that all should profess the reformed faith, 292; encounters the Spirituals, 299 sqq.; intervenes between Viret and Caroli at Lausanne, 300, 307; accused of Arianism by Caroli, 308; his reply, 309; avoids use of the term 'Trinity,' 310; writes to Megander, 312; goes to Berne, urges assembly of a synod, 312; at synod of Lausanne, 313; unmasks Caroli, 315; his confession on the Trinity, 315; his views of the early creeds, 317; confronts Caroli at synod of Berne, 320; his speech at another synod, lays the storm between Zwinglians and Lutherans, 331, 332; gains support of the civil power in church affairs, 333; pleads for the hospitals and the schools, 334; proposes compulsory swearing to the confession of faith, 337; at the council, 347; goes to Berne, vindicates himself and the reformers, 348; applies to the council for their support, 350; proposes to the council to exclude the disturbers from the Lord's Supper, 352; difference with Du Tillet, 356; blames the proceedings of the government and is warned to let it alone, 364; writes to Bucer, 370; excluded by Berne from colloquies of the Vaudois, 372; sent with Farel and Jean Philippe to synod of Lausanne, 373; has conference with Bernese delegates, 375; before the council, 377, 378; protests against imprisonment of Courault, 383; refuses to accept order for adoption of Bernese usages, and is forbidden to preach, 386; his perplexity, 389, 390; with Farel declines to administer the supper, 392; his embarrassment, 392, 393; preaches, 398, 399; a disturbance in the church, 401; banished, 403; is refused a hearing by the council, 405; sentence of the general council, 406; his reflections, 408; leaves Geneva, 409; goes to Berne, 416; with Farel complains to the council, 416, 417; at synod of Zürich, 421 sqq.; his demands, 422; returns to Berne, 426; interview with Kunz, 427; before the senate, 429; reconducted to Geneva by Bernese, 431; banished by vote of general council, 439; at Berne, 441; at Basel, 442; at Strasburg, 445; returns to Basel, 446; settles at Strasburg, 447; his letter to the Genevese, 453; his position at Strasburg, 456, 457, 458; pastor and teacher, 459, 460; his view of the Lord's Supper, 461; his poverty, 462; at Frankfort, 473; meets Melanchthon, 474 sqq.; replies to Sadoleto, 487 sqq.; intercourse with Caroli, 498; refuses to return to Geneva, 504; household troubles, 504; marriage projects, 505, 506; Idelette de Bure, 508; married, 509; difference between wives of Luther and Calvin, 510; attends assembly at Hagenau, 511; fruits of exile, 526

--, his recall desired, vii. 3; letter to his friends, 3, 4, 5; his perplexity, 6, 9, 10; deputy to conference at Worms, 7; receives letter of recall, 8; his reply to Geneva, 10, 11; meets Melanchthon and Cruciger at Worms, 15; friendship with Melanchthon, 15 sqq.; his Song of Victory, 19; deputy to diet of Ratisbon, 21; letter to Bernard, 21; loses his friend Feray, 23; his estimate of Contarini, 25; his part at Ratisbon, 26; his reply to manifesto of the papacy, 27-36; resists concessions made by the Protestants, 37; writes against reference to a council, 38; his moderation, 39; complains of the princes, 40; leaves Ratisbon, 41; at Strasburg, 42; edict of expulsion revoked, 43; writes to Farel, 47; leaves Strasburg, 48; visits Farel at Neuchâtel, 49; returns to Geneva, 51; his house there, 52, 53; benefit of his Strasburg life, 53; before the council, 54, 55; colleagues appointed to draw up with him articles of a constitution of a church, 55, 56; his project of the ordinances, 60; his desire for frequent communion, 74; limits of his responsibility for ecclesiastical ordinances, 80, 81; his active duties, 82; his preaching, 82; his method, 83; his sermon to young men, 86; on fitful devotion, 87; on self-love, 88; on grace unbounded, 90; on predestination, 92; his impartiality, 103; efforts for peace, 104; gentleness and strength, 105; loses his friend Porral, 110; illness of his wife, 110; reconciles Pierre Tissot and his mother, 112, 113; his place in the Reformation, 115 sqq.; his doctrines moderate, 117; compared with Zwinglius, 117; his desire for union, 118

--, correspondence with Enzinas, viii. 98; visited by English students, 144; his view of the Six Articles, 189

Cambray, treaty of, ii. 61

Cambray, bishop of, his cruelties, iii. 437

Cambridge, University of, appealed to by Henry VIII. on his divorce, iv. 30; meeting of the doctors, &c., 30; a committee appointed, 31; sentence, 32; disowns primacy of the pope, v. 20

Camillo, Giulio, invited to Paris by Francis I., iii. 74

Campbell, Alexander, prior of the Dominicans, his interviews with Patrick Hamilton, vi. 52; reports them to Beatoun, 53; accuses him on his trial, 62; insults him at the stake, 67; dies mad, 68

Campbell, John, of Cessnock, protects Lollards, vi. 6; denounced by monks, 7; acquitted by James IV., 8

Campeggio, papal legate, ii. 144; deprived of See of Salisbury, iv. 180; at diet of Nürnberg, 410, 411; reclaims see of Salisbury, v. 173

Canaye, Jacques, iii. 75

Canirmius, Frederick, vii. 500

Canons, i. 157; conspiracy of, at Geneva, 311; imprisoned, ii. 326; liberated, 331; quit Geneva, 332

Canterbury, visitation of, v. 85, 86; state of the monasteries, 86, 87

Capito, i. 361, 380; ii. 246; iii. 150, 153, 154, 244; writes to Calvin, vi. 275; at synod of Berne, 329; agrees to Calvin's view of the sacrament, 332; attends synod of Zürich, 421; approves the course taken by Farel and Calvin, 424, 425; his distress, 464; dedicates a book to Henry VIII., viii. 147

Cappel, battle of, ii. 256, 442; announced at Geneva, 444; iii. 166

Caraccioli, Galeazzo, iv. 464; friendship with Caserta, 464; converted, goes to Geneva, 464; made cardinal, v. 64

Caraffa, Giovanni Pietro, Cardinal, iv. 476, 479, 482; made cardinal, 487; viii. 149

Cardinals, college of, refuses consent to papal gift of Geneva to Savoy, i. 52; hats asked for by Charles V., Francis I., and Henry VIII., ii. 162

Carlstadt, invited by Christian II., goes to Denmark, vii. 133; offends by his violent speech and is dismissed, 135, 136

Carmentrant, a creature of the Bastard of Savoy, i. 71, 72, 112

Carne, Sir E., envoy with Revett to the pope, v. 3, 4; interview with Du Bellay at Bologna, 4; too late, 5

Carnesecchi, Pietro, among friends of Valdez, iv. 473; character and career of, 473; his power under Clement VII., 474; goes to Naples, has interview with Charles V., 473; religious decision, 476, 477, 479, 480

Caroli, Peter, escapes to Switzerland, iii. 123; accounts of, v. 259; Farel's interview with him, 261; offers himself as umpire at a disputation, 262; takes part in disputation, 266 sqq.; at disputation of Lausanne, vi. 243 sqq.; made first pastor of Lausanne by the Bernese, 265; his career and character, 303, 304; between Rome and the Gospel, 304; quarrels with Viret, 305; condemned to made a retractation, 307; but is spared, 307; his ambition, 307; accuses Calvin and others of Arianism, 308; retracts the charge, 311; unmasked and condemned at synod of Lausanne, 314, 318; appeals to Berne, 318; agitation caused by the debates, 319, 320; at synod of Berne, exposed by Farel, 321, 322; deprived of his functions and banished, 322; his flight, 322; turns to the reformers, vi. 498; at Strasburg, 498; goes to Metz, 499; his death, 499

Carranza, Bartholomeus, birth and early life of, viii. 112, 113; denounced to the Inquisition, 113; promotions, 113; his influence at Valladolid, 113; his almost evangelical teachings, 113; fervor of his preaching, 118; preaches before Philip II., in London, 118; assertion of evangelical faith, 120; elected primate of Spain, 120; his last years, 120; preaches at the burning of San Romano, 123

Cartelier, Francis, i. 41, 150, 168; gives signal for entry of Savoyards into Geneva, 171, 176, 181, 300; character, ii. 308; condemnation, 308; pardoned by the bishop, 309

Carthusians, of London, refuse to take oath of succession, v. 47; take it, 48; commanded by the king to reject papal authority, 59; their resolution, 59; a general confession, 60; again commanded to acknowledge royal supremacy, 60; three priors sent to the Tower, 61; and found guilty of high treason and executed, 62, 63

Casale, Da, agent of Henry VIII. at papal court, v. 64, 77; informs the pope of divorce of Queen Anne, 161, 172

Caserta, Giovanni Francesco, iv. 464

Cassander, George, account of, viii. 40, 41

Cassilis, Kennedy, Earl of, taken prisoner by the English, vi. 146; liberated and sent to Scotland by Henry VIII., 157; on failure of Henry's scheme, returns to captivity, 171; released with his brothers, 171; a friend of Wishart, 192

Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII., iv. 26; refuses arbitration, 67; leaves Windsor, 71; writes to the pope, 87; refuses to appear before Cranmer at Dunstable, 133; her firmness, 133; the divorce pronounced, 134; her cause and fate compared with Anne's, 137, 138; joins in conspiracy against Henry VIII., v. 13; her firmness, 19; her marriage declared null and her child illegitimate, 19; writes to Mary, 111; refuses to renounce title of Queen, 111, 112; austerities, 112; illness, letter to the king, 114; her death, 115

Catherine de' Medici, i. 363; marriage of, with Henry duke of Orleans, proposed by Francis I., ii. 149; what she brought to France, 150; intrigues around her, 152; full powers sent by Francis for concluding the contract, 155; escorted to Nice by French fleet, 189; the marriage celebrated at Marseilles, 195; in her train, Death, 195; and corruption, 196, 215; iii. 49; opposes plans of Francis I., iv. 355

Caturce, Jean de, studies New Testament, ii. 78; at Twelfth Night Supper at Limoux, 78, 79; arrested, 79; condemned to be burnt, 81; his degradation, 80; a Dominican preacher confounded, 81; burnt, 81

Cauvin, Gerard, i. 387, 400; ii. 20 sqq., 29, 48

-- Anthony, ii. 48, 49

-- Mary, ii. 48

Cazalla, Augustine, attends lectures of Carranza, viii. 115; his mother, 115; preacher to Charles V., accompanies him to Germany, 115

Celibacy of the clergy, iv. 115

Chablais, Provena de, summons Geneva to receive duke Charles III., i. 165; declares war, 166

Chabot, put to the torture, iv. 325

Chabot, Philippe de, ii. 184

Chaillon, Anthony de [Bouteville]

Chamois, François, at Geneva, demands withdrawal of Calvin's 'Confession,' vi. 484

Champion, Anthony, bishop of

Geneva, i. 26; his attempt to reform the clergy, 27

Chapeaurouge, Etienne de, syndic of Geneva, i. 292; endeavors to stop the fight in the Molard, iii. 418; appointed syndic, iv. 242; again, v. 394; refuses to swear to the Confession, vi. 340; at the general council, 343; elected syndic, 361; one of the delegates to Berne, 512; signs a treaty, 513; again sent to Berne, 514; arrested, liberated on bail, 516; his flight, 518; sentenced to death, 519

Chappuis, Eustace, i. 91; employed to make a breach between the Swiss and the Genevese, 91; at Friburg, 92; Savoyard ambassador to Swiss Diet, 153, 200; Imperial ambassador to England, iv. 22

Chappuis, Dominican, intrigues for duke of Savoy, ii. 369, 370; banished from Geneva, 370, 371; takes part in great disputation, and is ordered to leave Geneva, v. 265

Charlemagne, at Geneva, i. 11, 12; characteristics of his age, vi. 317

Charles V., i. 9, 91, 218, 234, 266; receives news of battle of Pavia, 324; his projects, 324; proposes dismemberment of France, 325; receives Margaret of Valois, 328; unmoved by her appeals, 329; proposes to imprison her, 336; consents to liberate Francis I., 337; the treaty, 337, 356, 363, 379; accuses the Evangelicals, ii. 70, 103, 106; repulses Soliman, 107; passes into Italy, 108; at Bologna, 142; his schemes, 143; demands a general council, 143; conference with the pope, 144; appeals to the cardinals, 145; proposes Italian League against Francis I., 146; amused with scheme of marriage between Henry, duke of Orleans, and Catherine de Medici, 150; tries to prevent it, 152 sqq.; proposes marriage of Catherine with Sforza, 153, 154, 155; his new manœuvres, 156; rejects scheme of a lay council, 160; gets Italian League formed, 162; asks for cardinal's hat, 162; his displeasure against Henry VIII., 162; leaves Bologna, 163; tries to prevent meeting of the pope and Francis I., 186; demands justice for Queen Catherine, his aunt, 186; tries to draw the Swiss into the Italian League, 187; unconcerned about his brother's danger, 250, 254, 283; sack of Rome, 319; supports Savoy against Geneva, 390; interferes at Geneva, 395; will crush Protestantism, 421; censures attack on Geneva, 421; at Augsburg, 429; his letter to the Genevese, 430; counsels the bishop to cede Geneva to son of the duke of Savoy, 452; gives audience to Bellegarde, iii. 262; his answer, 263, 264; orders Genevans to extirpate the Reformation, 273; meets the pope at Bologna, iv. 22; receives embassy from Henry VIII., rebukes the ambassador, 26; leaves Bologna, 27; war with Solyman, 116; conferences with Clement VII., 117; exasperated at divorce of Catherine, 164, 177; his ambassadors oppose policy of Clement, 177; supports duke of Savoy and bishop of Geneva, 342, 344, 454, 455, 458; hears Occhino preach, 468; prohibits intercourse with Lutherans, 472; calls Carnesecchi before him, 475; ordered to execute the pope's sentence against Henry VIII., v. 4; preparations, 5, 21; censures execution of More and Fisher, 76; offers Milan to Francis I. and secures his alliance, 113; keeps Milan, 115; promises support to English Catholics, 202; writes to Henry VIII., 221; requires the Swiss to aid duke of Savoy against Geneva, 315; destruction of Geneva part of his plan, 370; keeps Milan, 377; concludes alliance with James V. of Scotland, vi. 86; attempts to prevent disputation at Lausanne, 233; convokes a conference of theologians at Frankfort, 473; at Diet of Ratisbon, vii. 26; interviews with Christian II. of Denmark, 138, 184; favors enterprise of Lübeckers in behalf of Christian, 207, 208; his attachment to the Netherlands, 481; his edict of persecution, 488; introduces the Inquisition, 491; his characteristics, 507, 508; his persecution in the Netherlands, 508; concludes peace of Madrid, 520; alliance with the pope, 524; treaty of Cambray, resolves to extirpate evangelical doctrine, 524; issues a new edict of persecution, 534; patronises Virves, viii. 18; rescues him from the Inquisition, 19; appoints Ponce de la Fuente one of his chaplains, 34; at Diet of Ratisbon, 55; gives audience to San Romano, 55; his victory over duke of Cleves, 64; appoints De Soto his confessor, 64; enters Brussels, 67; entertained by Mendoza, 69; invades France, 85; returns to Brussels, 85; promulgates edicts of persecution, 85; his treatment of his mother Joanna, 126; his birth, 129; conditionally approves marriage of Henry VIII. with duchess of Milan, 175; interview with Sir T. Wyatt, 200 sqq.; alliance with Henry VIII., 267; invades France, concludes a separate peace, 268

Charles the Bold, i. 313; iii. 236

Charles III., the Good, duke of Savoy, i. 29; his character, 32; his scheme for getting possession of Geneva, 33, 34; claims the culverins of Bonivard, 48; his character, 48; made sovereign of Geneva by Leo X., 50; the bull recalled, 52; rebukes the bishop, 62; sends La Val d'Isère to arrest Levrier, 63; conspires with the bishop against Levrier and Berthelier, 65; goes to Geneva, 75; visits Lyons, 79; alarmed at the bishop's proceedings, 91; employs Chappuis, 91; goes to Friburg and Berne, 92; renews alliance with the Swiss, 92; determines to put Pécolat to death, 96; plots with the bishop at Geneva, 111; receives embassy from Genevese about death of Blanchet and Navis, 128; another embassy, 132; demands death of Berthelier and others, 134; resolves to break alliance of Swiss and Genevese, 145; his embassy to Geneva, 146; tampers with the Friburgers, 152; gains support of Swiss diet, 154; intrigues with the canons of Geneva, 157; secretly raises an army, 162; surrounds Geneva, 162; insolent embassy, 163; formally summons Geneva, 165; declares war, 166; plots with the Mamelukes, 168; at castle of Gaillard, 169; grants a truce, 171; attacks Geneva, 171; his promises, 172; enters the city, 174; pillages it, 176, 177; his proclamation, 179; imprisons Bonivard, 186; with the bishop restricts liberties of Geneva, 203; returns to Turin, 205; his marriage, 218; attempt to seduce the Genevese, 218; entry into Geneva, 219 sqq.; declines to attend the 'mystery,' 228; birth of a son, 234; his attempts at usurpation resisted by Levrier, 239 sqq.; fails in attempt to gain him, 240; claims sovereignty of Geneva, 240; unmasks his batteries, 242; frightens the episcopal councillors, 244; threatens Levrier with death, 245; orders his seizure, 246; offers to give up Levrier in exchange for liberties of Geneva, 250; his oppression of Genevese, 261; threats of his council, 265; blows hot and cold, 266; demands the superior jurisdiction, 267; begins persecution of Huguenots, 269; his troops in Geneva, 270; alarmed at exodus of the patriots, 277; demands withdrawal of appeal to Rome, 278; urges on persecution of Genevese, 278; enters Geneva, 279; foiled by Swiss intervention, 281; his stratagem, 281; detected, 282; a new scheme, 285; assembles a general council at Geneva, 286; claims sovereignty, 287; his amnesty, 288; received as protector, 288; thwarted, 289; leaves Geneva, 289; sends de Lullins to Berne, ii. 307; plots against bishop of Geneva, 322; his scheme against Geneva, 323; its failure, 323, 324; irritation against the bishop, 330; orders Genevese to liberate the canons, 331; claims and threats, 338; tries to win the bishop, 343; claims authority in matters of faith, 350; rebukes the canons, 351; reconciled with the bishop, 362; convokes a synod, 367; intrigues to make his son prince of Geneva, 368; sends the silver keys, 369, 370; instigates dissolution of Swiss alliance, 389; sends embassy to Geneva, 390; seeks help of the pope, 393; covets St. Victor's, 402; meets the bishop at Gex, 415; will attack Geneva, 416; censured by the emperor, withdraws his army, 422; prepares another attack, 432; Diet of Payerne, 432; threatens Geneva, 445; withdraws, 447; desires cession of Geneva to his son, 452; prepares another attack, 453; sends Bellegarde to the emperor, iii. 262; forms new plot against Geneva, iv. 308; his troops march for Geneva, 311; panic and retreat, 314, 315; advised by the Swiss to cease from hostilities, 317, 336; attempts to gain over the Genevese, 341; prepares to ruin Geneva, 342; forbids his subjects to attend disputation at Geneva, v. 257; applies to the pope for intervention at Geneva, 301; the de Montfort of the crusade, 314; his supporters, 314; summons Genevese to expel heresy and restore the bishop, 317; prepares for war, 319; orders attack on Geneva, 357; receives Bernese deputation at Aosta, 361; asks for a truce, 362; orders attack, 366; sends another army under Medici, 370; offers cession of territory, including Geneva, to Charles V., 377

Charles de Syssel, bishop of Geneva, i. 29

Charles of Egmont, vii. 509; his letter to the pope, 509; his persecution of Lutherans, 525, 526

Charles, duke of Sudermania, head of Protestants in Sweden, vii. 340; administrator of the kingdom, then king, 340; convokes assembly at Upsala, 340

Chautemps, Jean, ii. 455; character of, 457; visits Farel, iii. 277, 331; receives Froment, 348; aids in rescue of Olivétan, 363, 414; proscribed by the bishop, 439; escapes, 441; his wife Jaquéma seized, 442

Chelius, Ulric, his mission to Wittenberg, ii. 260 sqq.; visits Melanchthon, 261; Luther, 261; Bucer, 263; Hedio, 264; returns to Paris, 264

Children, assemblage of, join Catholic bands at Geneva, iii. 383, 385

'Children of Geneva', i. 73, 88

Christaudins of Meaux, i. 427 sqq.; one of them burnt at Paris, 427

Christian II., king of Denmark, his character and aims, vii. 126; marries Isabella, sister of Charles V. 127; favors the papal legate, 127; suppresses revolt of Sweden, 128; his vengeance, massacre of the nobles and prelates, 129, 130; his interest in the Reformation, 130; publishes a code, 134; meets Charles V. in the Netherlands, 135; consents to repel the Lutheran doctors, 135; alliance formed against him, 136; influence of Sigbrit over him, 136; submits to the States, 137; his flight, 137; seeks aid of Charles V., Henry VIII., and other princes, 138; deserted, 138; a hearer of Luther, 138; death of his wife, 139; persuades Michelsen to publish translation of New Testament, 145; his intrigues, 184; obtains a fleet and an army and lands in Norway, 185; acknowledged king there, 186; invades Sweden and is repulsed, 186; submits to Frederick, 187; his letter to Frederick, 188; goes to Copenhagen and is made prisoner of state, 188, 189; confined at Sonderburg, 190; Luther's letter in his behalf, 192; enterprise of the Lübeckers, 207; flies from Stockholm, 256; set aside, and his dominions divided between Frederick and Gustavus, 265

Christian III., king of Denmark, vii. 147; sent to Germany, becomes a Lutheran, 148; signs articles of capitulation of Copenhagen, 149; resumes government of the duchies and demands electoral diet, 195; elected king by diet in Jutland, 211; besieges Lübeck, 211; proclaimed king, 212; defeats the Lübeckers, 213; invests Copenhagen, 213; visits Sweden, 213; receives surrender of Copenhagen, 215; enters the city, 216; consults the leading men, 216; introduces representation of the people, 218; invites Pomeranus to organize the new church, 221

Christina, duchess of Milan, sought in marriage by Henry VIII., viii. 174; the match conditionally sanctioned by Charles V., 175; the treaty broken off, 175

Christopher, son of duke Ulrich, of Würtemberg, birth and early life of, ii. 108; saved from the Turks, 108; at diet of Augsburg, 109; his project, 109; follows Charles V. to Italy, 110; his escape, 110; protected by duke of Bavaria, 111; claims Würtemberg, 111; his character and protectors, 112, 142; his claim considered by Francis I. at Avignon, 216; his intercourse with Du Bellay at Augsburg, 217; his supporters, 218; his cause won, 220; returns to Würtemberg, 253; won to the Reformation, 255

Chrysostom, cited, ii. 18; iv. 46

Church and State, separate spheres of, distinguished by Bonivard, i. 158; separation of, in Geneva, advocated by dukes of Savoy, 241; confusion of two provinces, ii. 352; conflict of, in England, iv. 60, 88, 307; the church made department of the state by Henry VIII., v. 24; three kinds of relation between, 28; twofold enfranchisement, 250; separate existence of, 406; vi. 353, 354; difference between Berne and Geneva about, 371; relation of, at Geneva, vii. 78 sqq.; Melanchthon's view of, questioned, viii. 157

Church, the true, iv. 124

Church Government, views of Bucer and Melanchthon, ii. 267, 268; church in transition, iii. 328

Clarenbach, Adolph, preaches in Guelderland, vii. 525; burnt at Cologne, 526

Claude, pastor of Ollon, iii. 302

Claude de Genève, proscribed by the bishop, iii. 439

Clement VII., Pope, i. 239, 261, 266; authorizes persecution of Lutherans in France, 331; approves treaty between Charles V. and Francis I., 337, 402; thwarts Henry VIII., ii. 103; French embassy to, 105; alarmed, 106; at Bologna, 142; opposed to a general council, 143; conference with Charles V., 144; reasons for inaction, 145; a disciple of Machiavelli, 146; 'moves softly,' 146; agrees to marriage of Catherine de' Medici with Henry duke of Orleans, 149; promises an Italian state to Francis I., 149; refuses to marry Catherine to Sforza, 153; asks Francis I. for full powers for marriage contract, 153; receives them, 155; altercation with Charles, 156; joins the Italian League, 162; leaves Bologna, 164; agrees to meet Francis I., 164; announces marriage contract of Catherine to the cardinals, 185; obstacles raised to his journey to France, 186 sqq.; makes up his mind to go, 188; opinions about the voyage, 190; arrives at Marseilles, 191; the Latin address to him, 193; his promises to Francis, 194; publishes bull against heretics, 194; officiates at marriage of Catherine de' Medici, 195; departs for Rome, 197; failing health, 197; declines to help King Ferdinand, 250; alarmed at progress of Philip of Hesse, 253; appealed to for help by duke of Savoy, 393; his attainments, and perplexity, 395; grants subsidy to the duke, 396; a grace to Geneva, 433; publishes another, 434; publishes a Jubilee, 460; commands bishop of Geneva to return, iii. 424; meets Charles V. at Bologna, iv. 22; troubled about English embassy, 23; his brief to Henry VIII., 24; gives audience to English ambassadors, 25; puts off Cranmer, 28; nominates him grand almoner, 43; English address to him, 43; proposes bigamy to Henry VIII., 44; calls upon him to take back Catherine, 87; conferences with Charles V., 117; sends bulls for inauguration of Cranmer as primate, 121; again suggests bigamy to Henry VIII., 125; goes to Bologna, 126; conferences with Charles V. about divorce of Henry VIII., 126; murmurs against, in England, 127; issues brief of excommunication against Henry, 128; annuls Cranmer's sentence, 138; cites Henry to appear at Rome, 164; revokes proceedings of English courts and excommunicates the king, 164; meeting with Francis I., 167; creates four French cardinals, 169; Henry's appeal to a council presented to him by Bonner, 170; his wrath, 171; conversation with Francis I., 172; rejects the appeal, 173; threatens Bonner, 173; accord with Francis I., 177; consents to a council, 176; holds a consistory, 181; promises condemnation of Henry VIII., 182; disquieted, 183; appeal of Geneva to, 340; death of, 354; alarmed by spread of Lutheranism in Italy, 410; v. 3, 22, 48; sends Cardinal Cajetan into Hungary, vii. 351; writes to F. Frangipani to support Catholic faith in Hungary, 369; co-operates with Charles V. in persecution in the Netherlands, 509; his brief to the bishop of Liége, 509; issues new species of indulgences, 512; alliance with Charles V. at Barcelona, 524

Cleyne, Martin van, vii. 547

Clifford, Lord, holds Skipton Castle for the king, v. 209

Cloet, Jerome, vii. 549, 550; arrested, 556

Clotilda, wife of Clovis, i. 9

Clovis, conversion of, i. 9

Cochlaeus, writes to James V. of Scotland against circulation of the New Testament, vi. 91, 92; invited to Denmark, declines to go, vii. 161, 162; papal delegate at Ratisbon, viii. 102

Coiffard, ii. 51

Coligny, iii. 3

Colladon Family, The, Calvin's friendship with, ii. 27

College of Navarre, Paris, the priests' comedy performed, ii. 174; search of police for author, 179; arrest of the actors and the head of the College, 179

Colonna, Vittoria, friend of Valdez, iv. 465

Comet, apparition of a, iii. 313; iv. 187

Commons, House of, its petition to Henry VIII., iv. 10 sqq.; the bishops called upon to answer it, 12

Communal liberties, destroyed by princes and bishops, i. 111

Communion, frequent, recommended by Calvin, vi. 285

Compey, Philibert de, proscribed, iii. 439, 457

Conciliation, needful, iii. 196

Confession of Faith, prepared by Farel and Calvin, vi. 282; questions as to its authorship, 284; adopted by Council of Geneva, 289

Confession, Auricular, in England, demanded by some of the bishops, rejected by Henry VIII., viii. 190

Conscience, rights of, iii. 1, 2

Constance, Council of, i. 19; ii. 245

Contarini, Gaspare, Cardinal, iv. 366; ambassador to Charles V. at diet of Worms, 484; senator of Venice, 484; ambassador to the Pope, 484; at coronation of Charles V., 485; joins Oratory of Divine Love, 485; created cardinal, 485; his views of church reform, 487 sqq., 490; at diet of Ratisbon, vii. 25; advises a reference to a council, 38

Conversion, i. 399, 401

Convocation of the clergy, in England, at St. Paul's, v. 180; division and strength of parties, 181; Latimer's sermon, 181 sqq.; lay element, 184; denunciation of the mala dogmata, 185; Alesius admitted, 188; refused admission, 190; character of Convocation, 190; accepts the king's Articles of Religion, 195; remedial measures passed, 196; dissolved by the king, 197; declares for divorce of Anne of Cleves, viii. 231, 232; discussion about translation of the Bible, 256, 257

Cop, Nicholas, Professor, visits Calvin, ii. 52, 53; intercourse with Calvin, 93; rector of the Sorbonne, 180; his speech on the priests' comedy, 180, 181; delivers address on 'Christian Philosophy,' 200; its effect, 202; his heresies laid before the parliament, 202; his defence, 203; summoned before parliament, 206; goes in state, 206; is warned and returns home, 207; escapes to Switzerland, 208; intercourse with Calvin, iii. 160

Copenhagen, surrenders to King Frederick vii., 149; Diet of, 171; methods of procedure of the two parties, 172; the Lutheran Confession, 172, 174; charges of the prelates, 177; reply of Evangelicals, 177; a public discussion rejected by the prelates, 178; appeal of the Evangelicals to the king, 180; Master Mathias, 181; success of the pastors, 182; iconoclasts, 183; popular rising for liberation of Tausen, 201; entered by the Lübeckers, 208; besieged by army of Christian III., 213; state of the city, 214; capitulates, 215; entered by the king, 216; the university reorganized by Pomeranus, 222

Coppet, conference at, v. 341

Coppin, one of the Spirituals, iii. 77

Cordier, Mathurin, at College of La Marche, i. 382; influences Calvin, 383; influenced by him, 384; flies from Paris, iii. 124; teaches in schools of Geneva, vi. 296; banished, 467

Cornelis, Giovanni, sets out for Wittenberg, iv. 415; arrested, 416

Cornou, Jean, burnt, iv. 364

Cornu, Pierre, Cordelier, ii. 135

Cortesi, Gregorio, iv. 482

Cotta, Otto Melia, joins in plot against Paleario, iv. 440, 441;

one of a deputation to archbishop of Siena, 444; at trial of Paleario, 447

Council, General, demanded by Charles V., opposed by Clement VII., ii. 143 sqq.; rejected by Clement, 157; reasons pro and con, 157; called for by the cardinals, 254

Council, Lay, proposed by Francis I., ii. 158; would constitute a revolution, 158; rejected by Charles V., 160; arrangement at council of Trent, 160

Council of Halberds, i. 287 sqq.

Courault, appointed to preach in Paris, ii. 117; his preaching, 118; confined by the king's order, 125; forbidden to preach, 228, 229; burning of, demanded by Beda, 231; set free, 234; opposes the placards, iii. 95; arrested, 113; before the king, 117; sent to a convent, escapes to Switzerland, 125; meets Calvin at Basel, 164; reports the prosecution, 164; urges acceptance of Calvin's Confession by all the Genevese, vi. 292; attends synod of Lausanne, 313; forbidden to preach, 377; preaches at St. Peter's, 381, 382; arrested and imprisoned, 382; a protest against his imprisonment, 383; bail refused, 384; banished, 403, 407; leaves Geneva, 409; takes refuge at Thonon, 412; his death, 448

Courtelier, Father, sent to Geneva, iv. 246; submits his doctrines to the council, 246; his sermon, 247; interview with Farel, 250; his preaching compared with Farel's, 257; gives evidence against Maisonneuve, 297, 298

Coverdale, Miles, iv. 2; account of, v. 197; his Bible, 198; the king's sanction to it refused, 198; accompanies Grafton to Paris, to prepare new edition of Tyndale's Bible, viii. 177 [Grafton]

Coxe, Leonard, gets John Fryth liberated, iv. 141, 142

Cracow, Luther's doctrines introduced at, vii. 430

Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, presents to Henry VIII. his treatise on the king's marriage, iv. 23; ambassador to the pope at Bologna, 23; his audience put off, goes to Rome, 28; nominated grand almoner by the pope, 43; sent to Nürnberg, 114; intercourse with Osiander, 114; marries, 116; negotiates with Elector of Saxony, 116; with imperial chancellor, 116; selected by the king for primate, hesitates, 117; goes to Italy, attends meeting of the pope and the emperor, 117; returns to England, 118; objection to the primacy, 119; consents, 121; sends the pope's bulls to the king, 121; his protest, 121; consecrated, 122; takes the oath, 122; energy and weakness, 123; papal order interred at his consecration, 124; his letter to the king, 131; a second, 132; receives royal licence, 132; his court at Dunstable, Henry VIII. and Catherine summoned, 133; pronounces divorce of the king and queen, 134; declares marriage of Henry and Anne Boleyn lawful, 135; his sentence annulled by the pope, 138; appointed one of Fryth's judges, 151; wishes to save him, 151, 159; detects imposture of Maid of Kent, v. 15; leader of evangelical party, 22, 46; his explanation of royal supremacy, 50, 51; his character, 53, 54; proposes translation of the Bible, 55; a compromise, 55; proceeds with the task, 56; visitation of London and Winchester, 57; his sermon at visitation of Canterbury, 85, 98, 99: intercedes for Princess Mary, 111; his communications with Queen Anne, 120, 130; hears of the queen's arrest, 142; writes to the king, 143; his false conscience, 144; the charges laid before him, 145; declares null the marriage of the king with Anne Boleyn, 160, 184, 186, 190; signs the king's Articles of Religion, 195; suggests remedial measures, 196; his cowardice and submission to the king, 226; asks permission for Tyndale's Bible to be sold, 227; baptizes Edward (VI.), viii. 141, 146; urges union with German Protestants, 153; conference with German envoys, 154; presses them to delay their return, 155; has a conference with Lambert, 165; condemns his views, 166; at Lambert's trial, 170; speaks against the Six Articles, 183; retains his see, 184; courted by the king, 185, 186; a banquet, 186; necessary to the king, 186; difficulty of filling his place, 186; his Bible published, 205; writes to the king in behalf of Cromwell, 212, 213; absents himself from parliament on the reading of bill of attainder, 218; consents with Convocation to divorce of Anne of Cleves, 231; his provision for education of ministers set aside, 236; conspiracy against him, 241; accused to the king, 243; interview with him, 244, 245; receives the king's ring, 245; summoned before the council, presents the ring, 246; formally reconciled with the lords, 247; embarrassed by disclosures of Lascelles against the queen, 248; reports them to the king, 249; sent with Norfolk to examine the queen, 250; receives her confession, 250; in favor, 256; introduces a Bill for the Advancement of Religion, 260; its absurdities, 260; obtains modification of Six Articles, 261; revises the King's Book, 261; plot of bishops and priests against him, 263; interview with the king, 263; acquitted by the commission, 264; pleads for Marbeck, 266; interview with the king on his death-bed, 307

Crawar, Paul, burnt at St. Andrews, vi. 5

Crespin, John, goes with Juan Diaz to Geneva, viii. 101

Crocus, Cornelius, account of, vii. 532; undertakes to write against Luther, 531; writes against Sartorius, 533

Crome, Dr., forbidden to preach, viii. 240; his falls and recovery, 272

Cromwell, Sir Richard, commissioner for visitation of monasteries, v. 84

Cromwell, Thomas, iv. 37; presents to the king Tyndale's Practice of Prelates, 53; writes to Vaughan, 57; suggests attempt to gain Fryth, 59; his expedient for making the king supreme over the clergy, 61; announces it to Convocation, 62; demands recognition of royal supremacy, 63; character of, 87; advises abolition of papal power in England, 87; in advance, 89; sends the Maid of Kent to the Tower, v. 15; Protestant leader, 23, 46; visits More and Fisher in the Tower, 64; advises abolition of the monasteries, 81; named vicegerent and vicar-general for visitation of churches and monasteries, 82; his commissioners, 84; lays the Black Book before parliament, 95, 98, 139, 161, 184; his position at Convocation, 184, 186; invites Alesius to attend, 186, 188; signs the king's Articles of Religion, 195; made lord privy seal, and vicegerent in ecclesiastical matters, 197; his instructions to the priests, 197; his efforts in behalf of Tyndale, 219, 221, 226; his report on birth of Edward VI., viii. 141; presents works of Bullinger to the king, 146; arrests Bishop Sampson, summons him before him, 162; his interview with Lambert, 172; extols the king, 173; resolves to issue another edition of the Bible, 176; orders seizure of the presses, types, &c., at Paris, 178; his Bible completed, 178; sanctions the Six Articles, 182; quarrels with Norfolk, 185; his aims, 192; recommends Anne of Cleves to the king, 193; conversations with the king, 196, 197; blamed by Henry, 197; his desire to have the Gospel preached, 201; his measures, 206; his speech in Parliament, 206; his promotions, 207; created Earle of Essex, 207; his possessions, 207; his fiscal measures, 208; a note from the king, 208; accused of treason and sent to the Tower, 209; the charges against him, 210; the real aim of his enemies, 211; bill of indictment against him, 214; denies alleged alliance with Pole, 215; bill of attainder adopted, 216; his alarm and distress, 216; his letter to the king, 217; the bill passed, 218; renewed examinations, 218; again writes to the king, 219; anxiety for his family, 220; his last days, 221; his confession and prayer, 222-224; his execution, 224; his character, 224

Culdees, the, their influence in Scotland, vi. 4, 5

Culpeper, viii. 253; beheaded, 254

Culverins, Prior Bonivard's, i. 47; claimed by duke of Savoy, 48

Curione, Celio Secundo, birth and early life of, iv. 413, 414; reads Luther, Melanchthon, and Zwinglius, 414; sets out for Wittenberg, 415; arrested, 416; placed in a monastery, 416; puts the Bible in place of relics, 417; escapes to Milan, 418; his philanthropy, 418; marries, 418; returns to Piedmont, 418; defends Luther against Dominican preacher, 420; again imprisoned, 420; harshly treated, 421; prison thoughts, 422; escapes, 423; teaches at Pavia, 424; attempts to seize him baffled, 425; escapes to Ferrara, 425

Curtet, Aimé, appointed syndic of Geneva, iv. 242

Curtet, Castellan of Chaumont, burnt at Annecy, vi. 486

Curtet, Jean Ami, attempt to murder him, iii. 459; iv. 186

Cyriaci, Martin, goes to study at Wittenberg, vii. 347; returns to Leutschau, 355

D'Adda, Stephen, iv. 232, 233

Dalecarlians, The, demand banishment of Lutherans, vii. 277; declare for the pretender 'Nils Sture,' 278; treat with Gustavus, 297; revolt suppressed, 297

Danès, Pierre, ii. 51; cited, 59; at Council of Trent, 65; accused by Beda, 230

Daniel, Francis, Calvin a visitor in his family, ii. 8, 9; his sister a nun, 52, 57; his views for Calvin, 84; asks for Bibles, 87, 93; Calvin's letter to, iii. 8

--, Robert, ii. 58

Daniel of Valence, at Waldensian synod, iii. 255; refuses to sign the new confession, 259; goes to Bohemia, 260

Danish New Testament, published by Michelsen, vii. 145, 146

Dantzic, beginning of reformation at, vii. 424, 425; opposition, 425; toleration established, 426; Romish worship abolished, 427; invites Pomeranus, 427; Hanstein sent, 428; Catholic deputation to King Sigismund, 428; his severity, 429; preaching of Klemme, 429

Darcy, Lord, head of Catholic league, v. 202; joins insurgents of Yorkshire, 206; at Pomfret Castle, 209; on the march southward, 210, 211; executed, 213

Dates, coincidence of, iii. 131

Dauphiny, i. 349, 359; iii. 123

'Day of the Ladders,' ii. 384

De Bresse, i. 116

De Chalans, René, Count, Marshal of Aosta, ii. 405, 406, 408; his hostility to the Lutherans, v. 449

De Cornibus, Pierre, invited to disputation at Geneva, v. 259

De Glautinis, accompanies Farel to Granson, iii. 235; preaches 238; insulted by monks, 238

De la Croix, Father Laurent, condemned as heretic at Geneva, ii. 235; preaches in France, 236; at Lyons, 236; visits the prisons, 237; escapes discovery, 237; his Easter preaching, 240; arrested and condemned to death, 240; removed to Paris, 241; before the parliament, tortured, 242; condemned to be burnt, 243; his degradation, 243; martyrdom, 244

De la Fosse, (Barnabas Voré), sent to invite Melanchthon to France, iv. 358, 362, 365; importance of his mission, 373, 374; visits Melanchthon, 375, 378 sqq.

De la Mare, Stephen, Genevese envoy with Hugues to Friburg, i. 140; elected syndic, 149; interview with the bishop of Geneva, 186, 187, 206; at general council, opposes Swiss alliance, 307; goes to Switzerland with Mamelukes to break it off, 313; appointed pastor at Geneva, vi. 414; charges against him, vii. 4

De la Mouille, William, ii. 316, 362

De la Place, Pierre, iii. 14, 44, 47, 48, 50

De la Tour, Sieur, martyrdom of, with his servant, i. 414

Delorme, watches Maisonneuve at the tournament, iv. 226

Democracy, i. 320

Denia, Marquis of, keeper of Queen Joanna, viii. 128, 136, 137, 138

Denis, a Christaudin, i. 427; his reconversion attempted by Briçonnet, 428; burnt, 429

Denmark, beginning of the Reformation in, vii. 120 sqq.; union of Calmar, 121; the crown offered to Frederick, duke of Holstein, 137; accepted by him, 142; Michelsen's translation of New Testament introduced, 146; assembly of the council at Copenhagen, 153; its resolutions against Lutherans and Lutheran books, 153; progress of the Reformation in, 160; alarm of the bishops, 161; agitation, Diet of Odensee, 162 sqq.; demands of nobles and priests, 164; the royal ordinance, 165; submission of the prelates, 165; Diet of Copenhagen, 171 sqq.; progress of the Gospel, 182; death of Frederick, 193; interregnum, intrigues of the priests, 195; Electorial Diet opened, 196; demands of the bishops, 196, 197; the compact published, 198; the election adjourned, 199; edict for prosecution of Lutherans, 205; polemical publications, 206; invasion of the Lübeckers, 208; Christian II. restored, 208; assembly of the Diet in Jutland, 209; proclamation of Christian III., 211; surrender of Copenhagen, 215; arrest of the bishops, 217; first representation of the people in the Diet, 218; charges against the bishops, 219; the compact signed, 220; the bishops excluded from the Diet, the Reformation established, 220; the bishops liberated, 220; constitution of evangelical church promulgated, 223; separation of Sweden from, 265

Denny, Sir A., viii. 307

De Pesmes, Percival, iii. 366, 368, 376; bears the banner of Geneva, 378, 379, 407, 411; iv. 207, 312; escapes from Geneva, 316

De Prangins, Sire de Rive, Governor of Neuchâtel, v. 323; forbids departure of auxiliaries for Geneva, 323; orders the men to return home, 325

Derham, Francis, viii. 248, 250, 252; hung, 253

D'Erlach, Sieur, Swiss envoy to Geneva, i. 154; his speech, 154; leads Swiss army to Geneva, ii. 424; envoy with Nagueli to duke of Savoy, v. 361

Desbois, Jean, appointed to examine Berthelier, i. 192; passes sentence of death on him, 195

Des Fosset, iii. 75

De Simieux, sent to Geneva to hunt up charge against Maisonneuve, iv. 291

Devay, Mathias Biro, his birth and early life, vii. 367; conversion, 367; goes to study at Wittenberg, 367; returns to Hungary, 372; his sympathy with Melanchthon, his completeness, 372, 373; pastor at Buda, 373; removes to Kaschau, 374; successful labors, 374; denounced to King Ferdinand, 375; seized and carried off by the bishop of Eger's agents, 375; harshly treated in prison, 375; cited before Bishop Faber, 376; liberated, goes to Buda, 376, 377; imprisoned by Zapolya, 377; set at liberty, 378; received by Count Nadasdy, at Sarvar, 378; replies to Szegedy, 379; visits Melanchthon at Wittenberg, 379; at Basel publishes his works, 381; returns to Hungary, 381; his Grammar, 382; his preaching, 382; driven away by Turkish invasion, 391; at Wittenberg, 391; goes to Switzerland, 392; becomes acquainted with Calvinism, 394; returns to Hungary, 394; pastor and dean at Debreczin, 397

De Veigy, canon of Geneva, his mission to duke of Savoy, ii. 351; expelled from Geneva, 351; examines Farel, iii. 288; commands one of the bands against Lutherans, 378; charged to burn out the Lutherans, 388; iv. 218

Deventer, envoys of Charles V. sent to inquire after Lutherans, refused admission, vii. 536

De Versonay, Marin, account of, iii. 411; incites to conflict, 412

De Versonex, F., v. 309

De Vio, Cardinal, protests against preaching of Occhino, iv. 467

Diana of Poitiers, iv. 355

Diaz, Alonzo, informed of his brother Juan's heresy, viii. 106; goes to Ratisbon, 107; consults with Malvenda, 107; their schemes for finding Juan, 108; finds him, 108; takes leave, 110; returns, murders Juan, 111; flies to Innspruck, 111

Diaz, Juan, account of, viii. 100; his conversion and friendships, 101; goes to Geneva, 101; visits Strasburg, 101; delegate with Bucer to conference of Ratisbon, 102; meets with Malvenda, 102; resists his endeavors to win him back to the Pope, 103-105; leaves Ratisbon, 109; at Neuburg, 109; visited by his brother Alonzo, 109; declines to go to Rome, 110; murdered by Alonzo, 111

Diaz, Peter, viii. 36

Diesbach, John of, commands Swiss auxiliaries at Pavia, iv. 321; his widow seeks intervention of Berne, 322

Diesbach, Nicholas of, avoyer of Berne, iv. 321

Diesbach, Rodolph of, envoy to Court of France, iv. 322; account of, 322; pleads for Maisonneuve and Janin, 322; succeeds, 328; delivers them up to Genevese authorities, 329; with Nägueli, envoy to duke of Savoy, v. 361

Diesbach, Louis of, Bernese ambassador to Pays de Vaud, v. 340; at conference of Coppet, 340, 341, 343, 345; seized by Savoyards and released, 350; at Geneva, 355

Diesbach, Sebastian of, head of Swiss embassy to Geneva, i. 313; again, ii. 391; reports failure, 392; deputy to Geneva, 445; again, 449; again, advocates religious liberty, iii. 428; advises consent to episcopal citation, 453; head of Bernese embassy to Geneva, iv. 215; demands a disputation between Furbity and the reformers, 216; at the tournaments, 218 sqq.; colloquy with Furbity, 220; demands his punishment, 221

Diplomacy, v. 339

Dispensations, papal, abolished in England, iv. 180

Dobszynski, writes in praise of Wycliffe, vii. 422

Dominicans, at Geneva, their vices, i. 44, 236; iv. 200; compared with Franciscans, 245

Dort, beginning of Reformation at, vii. 485; complaint of Dominicans, 486; reply of Henry of Nassau, 486

Douglas, Gavin, competition for see of St. Andrews, vi. 10

Douglas, Sir George, guardian of James V., vi. 24; discovers flight of the king, 73; joins English army against the Scots, 138; returns to Scotland, 158; reinstated in his honors and estates, 161; imprisoned, liberated, 184; at the preaching of Wishart, 193

Doullon, Nicholas, martyrdom of, i. 393, 394

Du Bellay, Jean, bishop of Paris, Cardinal, ii. 50, 65, 74, 75; appoints two evangelical monks to preach in Paris, 117; warns the king of danger, 126, 134, 150, 152, 183; delivers Latin address to the pope at Marseilles, 193; ordered to persecute heretics, 196; closes the churches, 228; takes part in preparing French version of the reformers' opinions, 284, 287; iii. 135; iv. 4, 7; his efforts at mediation between England and the pope, 177; awaits success, 181; pleads with the consistory for delay, 181; his ancestry, 356; driven from France, 357; at head of moderate Catholic party, 357; advises the king to invite Melanchthon to France, 357; created cardinal, 362; ambassador to Rome, 365; writes to Melanchthon, 365, 368; interview with English envoys at Bologna, v. 4

Du Bellay, William, views of, ii. 95; desires union of France and Germany, 95; ambassador to Germany, 95; at Schweinfurth, 97; proposals to the Protestants, 99; addresses the landgrave of Hesse, 100; concludes agreement with Protestants, 102; sent to England, 102; negotiates alliance between Francis I. and Henry VIII., 103; supports Christopher of Würtemberg, 112, 151; his project of a lay council, 159 sqq.; quoted, 162; hopes of reformers fixed on him, 183; opposes publication of bull against heretics, 194; a friend of freedom, 215; explains transition from Marseilles to Avignon, 216; ambassador to Diet of Augsburg, 216; negotiates with the Swiss Protestants, 217; supports Christopher at Augsburg, 218 sqq.; in Germany, 220; negotiates with Philip, landgrave of Hesse, 222; opposed by Luther and Melanchthon, 222; has interview with Bucer at Strasburg, 246; returns to Paris, 246; estimate of Melanchthon, 246; hopes, 253, 257, 260, 263, 282; takes part in preparing French version of reformers' opinions, 284; submits it to the Sorbonne, 285, 287; his estimate of Bucer, iii. 67; ambassador in England, takes gifts for Francis I., iv. 39; his ancestry, 356; character, 356; advises the king to invite Melanchthon to France, 357, 362; letter to Melanchthon, 366, 367; envoy to Smalcalde, 394; has audience of Elector John Frederick, 395; received by German princes and deputies, 396; demands a congress, 397; a consultation held, 398 sqq.; receives reply of the princes, 404, 405; failure of his mission, 405

Du Bourg, John, iii. 72; arrested, 112; his martyrdom, 120

Du Châtel, Pierre, ii. 65; opposes persecution, iii. 113

Duchemin, Nicholas, character of, ii. 1; Calvin in his house, 2, 7, 9; appointed ecclesiastical judge, v. 436

Du Crest, Nicholas, premier syndic of Geneva, iii. 364, 374; takes part in consultation for peace, 395; envoy to Berne, 402; fails, 405; iv. 190, 200; searches the bishop's palace, 235, 255; escapes from Geneva, 316

Dumont, syndic of Geneva, deputy to the bishop, i. 460

Dumoulin, [Alexander Canus]

Dunbar, Gawin, archbishop of Glasgow, chancellor of Scotland, with the primate and other prelates placed at the head of the government, vi. 74; deprives the nobles of their jurisdiction and sets up a College of Justice, 85; presides at prosecution of Kennedy and Russel, 121; intimidated by agents of Beatoun, condemns them, 122; threatened by James V., 125; becomes chancellor, 162; opposes the law giving freedom to read the Bible, 162; takes possession of church at Ayr, to prevent Wishart preaching, 187

Duncan, Andrew, captured by the English at Flodden, vi. 9; attempts rescue of Patrick Hamilton, 59; captured by Beatoun's troops and banished, 59

Dunkeld, bishop of, counsels peace, vi. 16; with other prelates placed at head of the Government, 74; his interview with Thomas Forrest, 104

Dunstable, Cranmer's court at, iv. 133 sqq.

Duprat, Cardinal, i. 342, 346, 360, 400, 409; character and position, 410; sides with Rome, 411; at synod of Paris instigates persecution of Lutherans, 415; appeals to Francis I., 416; his ambition and aggrandisement, 417; his quarrel with the parliament of Paris, 417; combines with the parliament against Lutherans, 417, 429; ii. 33, 67, 120; sent to Paris to stop intrigues of the Sorbonne, 126; arrests Le Picard, 127; his spies, 128; summons the priests, 128; the doctors of the Sorbonne, 128, 212, 218; iii. 113, 115

Dutch New Testament, published, vii. 501; Old Testament, 517; the whole Bible, 517

Duvillard, J., appointed syndic of Geneva, iv. 242

Eck, Dr., at Diet of Ratisbon, vii. 25; declines invitation to Denmark, 162

Edinburgh, entered by Lord Hertford and English army, vi. 184; pillaged and burnt, 184

Edward VI., King of England, proposal for his marriage with Mary Queen of Scots, vi. 157; the treaty concluded, 165; frustrated, 171; his birth, viii. 141; created Prince of Wales, 141; hopes excited by his birth, 143

Egidius, John, preacher at Seville, viii. 22, 23; his scholastic sermons, 23; his interview with Valerio, 24; conversion, 24, 25; his evangelical preaching, 26; interview with Ponce de la Fuente and Vargas, 27, 28; division of labor with them, 29; opposition aroused, 31; loses his two friends, 34, 35; schemes of his enemies, 35

Egmont, Nicholas van, inquisitor in the Netherlands, vii. 491, 493

Ehrard of Nidau, account of, v. 376

Einarsen, Gisser, vii. 228; sent to Copenhagen, 228; made bishop of Skalholt, 228; his death, 229

Einarsen, Morten, elected bishop of Skalholt, taken prisoner by Bishop Aresen, vii. 229

Eliae, Paul, vii. 125; interpreter of Reinhard, 131; sent to Odensee, 131; attacks Reinhard, 132; preaches against Lutheranism, 147; attends conference at Copenhagen, 171; remains silent, 181; publishes apology for the mass, 182; draws up plea for the bishops, 206

Eliot, Nicholas [Students, English]

Eliot, Sir Thomas, begs for gift of convents, v. 99

Elizabeth, Queen, birth of, iv. 166; excitement in London, 166; commended to care of Parker, v. 133

Elizabeth of Arnex, plots against Farel, iii. 213; her conversion, 226

Engelbrechtsen, Olaf, archbishop of Brontheim, receives Christian II., vii. 185; flies to the Netherlands, 223, 224

England, laity and clergy, iv. 1; Scriptural reformation, 2; special character of Reformation in, 3, 4; the Romish and political parties, 5; the Society of Christian Brethren, 6; Table-talk, 8; popular excitement, 8; petition of the Commons, 10; reforms of the clergy, 16; abolition of pluralism, 18, 19; English address to the pope, 43; the clergy predominant, 60; royal supremacy recognized by clergy, 65, 66; popular agitation, 67; beginning of persecution, 76; importance of choice of new primate, 113; papal authority set aside by parliament, 130; separation from France, 174; general movement against papal supremacy, 178; abolition of papal privileges, 179; Romish exactions, 179; the tree lopped, 180; a critical epoch, v. 1, 2; people and clergy against Rome, 7; confusion, 53; effect of execution of More and Fisher, 75, 76; general visitation of churches and monasteries ordered, 82; suppression of lesser monasteries, 96; advantageous results, 100, 102, 103; state of parties after Queen Anne's death, 171; sarcasms against the papacy, 180; the King's Articles of Religion published, 192; evangelical reaction, 198; prosecutions, 200; insurrection in the North, 202 sqq.; renewal of, 212; invasion of, proposed by Paul III., vi. 109; three parties in, viii. 140; source and effect of the Reformation in, 140; relations with Swiss reformers, 143; various parties, attempt at compromise, 179 sqq.; the Six Articles, 181 sqq.; Cranmer's Bible and others published, 205; Catholic policy on marriage of Henry VIII., with Catherine Howard, 236

Enthusiasts, The, in the Netherlands, vii. 538 sqq. [Spirituals, The]

Enzinas, Francis de [Enzinas, The], returns to Burgos, interview with Peter de Lerma, viii. 41; desires conversion of Spain, 42; undertakes translation of New Testament, 43; his acquaintance with Alasco, 43; with Hardenberg, 43; writes to Alasco, 44; presents his sword to him, 45; goes to Paris, 45; attends death-bed of Peter de Lerma, 45; goes to Wittenberg, 48; completes his translation of the New Testament, 58; visits Alasco and Hardenberg, reaches Louvain, 59; at Antwerp, 59; opinions on his New Testament, 60; submits it to the dean of Louvain, 60; obstacles, 61; interview with the printer, 62; with a Dominican, 63; the title-page criticised, 63; goes to Brussels, 67; dedication of his New Testament, 67; difficulty of access to Charles V., 68, 69; interviews with Mendoza, 69; presented to the emperor, 71; the conversation, 71; interview with De Soto, 72; hears his sermon, 74; interviews with him, 75 sqq.; excitement in the convent, 78; arrested, 79; imprisoned, 79; his dejection, 79; consoled by Tielmans, 80; his examination, 81; reproached by friends, 82; reads Calvin and the Psalms, 83; his numerous visitors, 84; failure of attempts in his behalf, 85; resolves to fly, 88; escapes, 89; in danger at Mechlin, 90; reaches Antwerp, 91; a legend about him, 91; another tale, 92; his correspondence with Calvin, 93; goes to Wittenberg, intercourse with Melanchthon, 94; counsels his brother to leave Rome, 95; hears of his death, 97; writes to Calvin, 98

Enzinas, James de [Enzinas, The], at Paris, viii. 46; his character, 46; impressed by heroism of martyrs at Paris, 46; his Catechism, 48; sent by his father to Rome, 95; his dissatisfaction, 95; resolves to leave Rome, arrested by the Inquisition, 96; his trial, 97; his martyrdom, 97 sqq.

Enzinas, John de [Enzinas, The], settles in Germany, viii. 48

Enzinas, The, viii. 38; sent to Louvain, 39; their character, 39; religious disposition, 39; friendship with Cassander, 40; study the Bible and read Melanchthon, 41; [Enzinas, Francis de, James de, and John de]

Eperies, Conference of, vii. 410

Erasmus, i. 331; approves Berquin's propositions, 344, 378, 403; attempts to restrain Berquin, 405; again, 407; his colloquies proscribed by the Sorbonne, 407; shrinks from conflict, 408; writes to Margaret of Angoulême, 412; advice to Berquin, 432; ii. 1; warns Francis I., 32, 299; iii. 155; meeting with Calvin, 156; breaks with him, 157, 166; his followers, iv. 349, 454, 455, 458; laments More, v. 75; depicts court of Brussels, 222; the ideal of John Alasco, vii. 434; receives Alasco as his guest, 437; his counsels, 438; his controversy with Luther, 438; esteem for Alasco, 440, 441; mourns his departure, 441; letter to Alasco, 442; writes to King Sigismund, 448; his coolness towards Alasco, 450; friendship with Viglius, 476, 477; a forerunner of reformation, 485; assailed by theologians of Louvain, 487; his opinion of the monks, 491, 517; read in Spain, viii. 2; writes to Valerio, 13, 14

Erdoed, Conference of, vii. 409

Erick, king of Sweden, the government resigned to him by Gustavus, vii. 323; his character, 324; seeks the hand of the princess Elizabeth of England, 325; his character and attainments, 325; instructed in Calvin's principles, 326; abolishes Catholic rites, opens Sweden to all Protestants, 327; his madness, 328; slays Nils Sture, 328; his flight, 329; slays Burrey, 329; escapes from his guards, his wanderings, 329; taken to Stockholm, 330; conferences with his brother John, 330; deprived and imprisoned, 331; his treatment, 331; his murder ordered by John III., 336, 337; his death by poison, 337

Erick, St., Feast of, vii. 332

Eszeky, Emeric, preaches at Tolna, vii. 413; application of the priests to pasha at Buda against him, 414; declared free to preach, 414; establishes a school, 414

Etampes, Duchess of, ii. 184

Europe, awakening of, i. 315

Evangelicals. [Lutherans, England, France, Geneva]

Evangelists, sent out by Calvin, iii. 58; abuse of, 62

Excommunication, Calvin's view of, vi. 286, 288

Exeter, Marquis of, charged with treason and executed, viii. 152

Faber, John, bishop of Vienna, writes against Luther, vii. 375; appointed bishop, 376; cites Devay before him, 376

Fabri, John, Friburg envoy to Geneva, i. 154, 155

Fabri (Chr. Libertet), iii. 161; joins Farel at Morat, 202; sent to Neuchâtel, 203; removes to Bole, 305; Catholic riot in his chapel, 306; rising of Protestant peasants, 307; another riot, 308, 309; with Viret at Lausanne, vi. 229; his trials, 270

Facts and Ideas, iii. 409

Faith and Science, iii. 61, 62; vi. 32, 33

Farel, William, i. 2, 305, 317; at Strasburg, 362 sqq.; light of France, 370; invited to La Marche, 372; his qualifications as reformer, 374; hesitation, 375; his connection with family of Mirabeau, 375; preaches at Gap, 376; arrested and rescued, 376; school-master at Aigle, 377, 381, 386; ii. 100, 263, 436; his perils, 439; his attention fixed on Geneva, 439; calls Toussaint to go there, 439; consulted by evangelicals of Paris, iii. 94; draws up a protest, 95; the great evangelist, 199; development and character, 199; scene of his labors, 201; at Morat, joined by Fabri, 202; preaches at Orbe, 204; at Avenches, 212; again at Orbe, riot at his sermon, 212; plot of women, 213; assaulted and rescued, 214; his strange congregation, 216; another, 217; sermon on penance, 217; care for the ministry, 219; meets with Viret, 221; their friendship, 224; the Lord's Supper at Orbe, 227; invites preachers into Switzerland, 232; letter to Andronicus, 233 sqq.; goes to Granson, 235; rough reception at the convents, 237, 238; goes to Morat, 238; imprisoned at Granson, 239; assailed in a church, 240; invited to Waldensian synod, 251; his journey, 253; the discussions, 255, 257; resolves to visit Geneva, 261; reaches Geneva, 275; consults with Olivétan, 275; interview with Huguenot leaders, 277 sqq.; agitation against him, 281; appears before the town council, 282; conspiracy against, 285; summoned before episcopal council, 285; the examination, 288 sqq.; tumult, 289; threats, 291; assault, 291; dangers, 292, 293; banished, 293; attempt to kill him, 295; escapes, 297; at Yvonand, 298; invites Froment to go to Geneva, 298; urges Olivétan to translate the Bible, 300; sent by Bernese to Geneva, iv. 207; his character, 208, 211; at the tournament, 217; disputation with Furbity, 222 sqq., 244, 247, 249; interview with Father Courtelier, 250; preaches in the convent at Rive, 253, 257; domestic trials, 259; letter to evangelicals of Paris, 259; presides at first evangelical marriage, 278; at first evangelical Pentecost, 282; before the council, 306; protests against union with popery, 353; attempt to poison him, v. 246; promotes a public disputation, 252; invitations, 256; interview with Caroli, 261 sqq.; preaches at the Madeleine, 278; summoned before the Council, 278; preaches at the Cathedral, 281 sqq.; before Council of Two Hundred, 293; preaches to nuns of St. Claire, 302; exhorts the council, 364, 366, 408, 409; calls for a general confession, 410; asks for help, 418; meeting with Calvin, 458; presses him to stay at Geneva, 459 sqq.; urges the council to retain Calvin, vi. 228; goes to Lausanne 229, 237; his theses at the disputation, 237; his opening speech, 238; opposes protest of the canons, 238; his closing discourse, 256, 259; his search for pastors, 268, 269; presents the confession of faith to the Council, 283; his reverence for Calvin, 295; made a citizen of Geneva, 297; his depressed state, 312; attends synod of Lausanne, 313; with Calvin at the council, 347; accompanies him to Berne, 348; excluded by Berne from colloquies of the Vaudois, 372; sent to synod of Lausanne, 373; before the council, 377, 378; protests against imprisonment of Courault, 383; with Calvin declines to administer the Supper, 391, 392; in defiance of prohibition preaches, 396; a disturbance in the church, 397; banished, 403, 407; leaves Geneva, 409; goes to Berne, 416; at synod of Zurich, 420 sqq.; returns to Berne, 426; interview with Kunz, 427; with Calvin before the senate, 430; reconducted to Geneva by Bernese, 431; banished by vote of general council, 439; at Berne, 441; at Basel, 441; goes to Neuchâtel, 446; his letter to the Genevese, 455; urges Calvin to return to Geneva, vii. 22; edict of expulsion revoked, 43; deprived and banished from Neuchâtel, 49; reinstated, 50; a man of action, 114, 115

Farnese, Alexander [Paul III.]

--, Cardinal sent by the Pope to Charles V. at Ratisbon, vii. 26

Favre, Francis, Genevese deputy to Berne, ii. 307, 348; assailed by Mamelukes, iii. 449; envoy to Berne, iv. 309

Felix V. [Amadeus VIII.]

Feray, Claude, vii. 22, 23

Ferdinand, the Catholic, deprives his daughter Joanna of her crown and imprisons her, viii. 127; assumes the government of Castile, 128; meeting with Philip, 132; agreement between them, 132, 133; his secret protest, 133; his delegate left with Philip, 134

Ferdinand, of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary, ii. 109; invested with duchy of Würtemberg, 109, 217; threatened by alliance of Francis I. and Philip of Hesse, appeals to the pope, 249, 250; his army defeated by Philip, 253; loses Würtemberg, 255; attempts to maintain papal power in the duchy, 255; opposes Zapolya and is crowned King of Hungary, vii. 364; publishes edict against the Lutherans, 365; supported by Charles V., 370; annuls edict of toleration, 370; less hostile to the Reformation, 384; appoints a conference between the bishops and Szantai, 384; his embarrassment, 386; interview with the bishops, 386, 387; banishes Szantai, 387; concludes agreement with Zapolya, 390; issues ordinance for maintenance of Catholic faith, 399; another, 400; his desire for union of the two churches, 408

Ferrara, Hercules, duke of, his marriage at Fontainebleau, i. 418

Ferrara, Renée, duchess, of [Renée of France]

Ferrara, University of, declares for divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 41; knowledge of evangelical doctrines at, 427, 489; influence of Calvin at, v. 422 sqq.; the Inquisition, 444

Feyt, Florentius, Jesuit, sent to Sweden, vii. 333

Fief, Peter du, conducts persecution at Louvain, vii. 554; remonstrance of the townsmen, 556, 569

Finlason, James, one of the Perth Protestants, condemned by Cardinal Beatoun, vi. 180, 181; hung, 181

Fisher, John, bishop of Rochester, iv. 4, 5; defends the church, 16; summoned before the king, 17; his subterfuge, 18; rumor of attempt to poison him, 68, 141; supports Maid of Kent, v. 10, 12; attainted, sentenced to death, 16, 17; refuses to take the oath of supremacy, 46; attainted, 46; steadfast, 46; visited by Cromwell, 64; made cardinal, 64; his last moments, 66; death, 67; characterised, 74; effect of his death at Rome, 76

Fitzherbert, Anthony, commissioner for suppression of lesser monasteries, v. 100

Fitzwilliam, Sir William, lord-admiral, iv. 5

Fitzwilliam, Lord, Governor of the Tower, delivers Fryth to messengers of the primate, iv. 153

Flaminio, Marco Antonio, poet, iv. 427; birth and early life of, 477, 478; character, 478; at Naples with Valdez, 479 sqq.; at Rome, with Pole and Caraffa, 481

Florence, iv. 432

Folengo, Giovanni Battista, account of, iv. 482, 483

Fontainebleau, rejoicings at, i. 418 sqq.; interrupted, 422

Forest, Father, defends Catherine of Aragon, iv. 103

Forman, Andrew, competitor for see of St. Andrews, vi. 10; seizes the castle and monastery, 10

Forrest, Henry, Benedictine, imprisoned by Beatoun, vi. 92; degraded, 93; burnt, 93

Forrest, Thomas, Augustine, reads the writings of St. Augustine, vi. 103; priest of Dollar, 103; denounced, 104; his interview with the bishop of Dunkeld, 104; arrested, 116; examined before the cardinal, 116; burnt, 118

Fouquet, [Trois-Moutiers, prior of]

Fox, Edward, high almoner, deputed with Gardiner to obtain opinion of Cambridge University on the king's divorce, iv. 29; with Longland, that of Oxford, 33; summoned to Windsor, 35; ambassador to Germany, v. 109; concludes alliance with the princes, 110; sent to conduct discussion with Protestants at Wittenberg, 116; has audience of Elector of Saxony, 117; his speech at Convocation, 188

France, struggles in, i. 5; royalty in, 285; springs of reformation, 316; state of, 322 sqq.; after battle of Pavia, 323; dismemberment of, proposed by Charles V., 325; persecution of Lutherans in, 332; proclamation against the Bible in French, Luther's works and doubt, 342; who will be the reformer of? 369, 378; councils against heresy, 417, 418; hopes of reformers, ii. 132; progress of reform, 183 sqq.; flight of evangelicals from, 212; proposal for union with German Protestants, 214; rival plans of reform, 256; spirit of liberty in, 286; evangelization of, begun by Calvin, iii. 55, 58; progress of the Gospel, 60, 66; 'year of the placards,' 92 sqq.; importance of, iv. 361; invasion of, by Henry VIII., viii. 267

Francis I., of France, i. 79, 234, 266, 285; captured at Pavia, 324; suppliant to Charles V., 325; at Madrid, 326; illness, 328; recovery, 329; patron of letters, 336; orders persecution to be stayed, 336; his abdication, 336; his contradictory oaths, 337; treaty with Charles V., 337; inconsistency, 338; stops proceedings against Berquin, 344; returns to France, 352; refuses permission for Count of Hohenlohe to go into France, 353, 354; liberates Lutheran prisoners, 358, 359; consents to marriage of Henry d'Albret and Margaret, 378; his promises to them, 379; treaty with Charles V., 379; his attitude towards the Reformation, 402; arrests Beda, 405; exasperation against the Sorbonne, 406; hesitation between Rome and the Reformation, 410, 411; deaf to appeal of Duprat, 415, 416; deaf to the priests, 417; goes to Paris, 422; investigates case of mutilation of image of the Virgin, 424; sanctions persecution, 426; consents to inquiry against Berquin, 432

--, warned by Erasmus, ii. 32; signs treaty of Cambray, 61; his children restored, 62, 63, 65; his marriage and coronation of his queen, Eleanor, 65 sqq.; the Protestants accused to him, 70; receives envoy and letter from German Protestant princes, 71; proposes a council, 72; hears Lécoq preach, 75; has secret interview with him, 75; veers towards reform, 94; sends Du Bellay to Germany, 95; and to England, 102; alliance with Henry VIII., 103; meets him, complains of the pope, 104; treaty with Henry, 105; sends embassy to the pope, 105; threatens separation from the papacy, 106; alarm in Europe, 106; confines heads of both parties in their own houses, 124; warned by Henry of Navarre and Du Bellay, 126; receives deputation from Sorbonne, 126; insults the deputies, 127; banishes Beda, 130; sends ambassadors to conference of Bologna, 142, 146; aims at alliance with Henry VIII. and the pope, 148; consequences of his scheme, 148; sends special ambassador to Bologna, 148; proposes marriage of Henry duke of Orleans with Catherine de' Medici, 149; claims an Italian state, 149; hesitation, 154; sends the pope full powers for the contract, 155; his policy, 157; proposes a lay council, 157; a meeting with Clement arranged, 163; silences Montmorency accusing Margaret, 177; orders inquiry on the decision of the Sorbonne, 180; meets Clement VII. at Marseilles, 192; his demands, 194; at marriage of his son with Catherine de' Medici, 195; orders persecution of heretics, 197; intrigues with Protestants, 197; holds a council at Avignon, 214; his policy in Germany, 216; goes to Bar-le-Duc, 221; invites Philip of Hesse to a conference, 224; discusses affairs of Germany, 224; desires to see Melanchthon, 225; concludes treaty with Philip, 226; returns to Paris, 232; refuses to burn Roussel and others, 232; imprisons Beda, 233; vacillation, 234; sets free the preachers, 234; quotes Scripture, 247; co-operates with Bucer and Du Bellay, 247; gives audience to waywode of Wallachia, 248; receives news of Philip's victory, 254; sends Chelius to Germany, 260; receives memoirs of German doctors, 264; holds conferences in the Louvre, 265; approves Melanchthon's views, 282; sends envoy to Germany and confesses his mistakes, 283; orders French version of reformers' opinions, 284; his tactics, 285; difference between him and Henry VIII., 295; leans towards the Reformation, 296; supports demands of Savoy against Geneva, 390

--, steps towards reformation, iii. 67; a 'placard' on his door, 106; his exasperation, 107; orders search for evangelicals, 107; returns to Paris, 113; harsh towards Margaret, 115; recalls her to Paris, 116; interview with her preachers, 117; pardons them, 125; orders procession of relics, 127; his penitence, 130; his speech, 133; present at torture and death of martyrs, 137, 138, 139; orders extirpation of Lutherans, 140; abolishes printing, 140; his motives, 144; writes to German princes, 148; illusions about him, 167; Calvin's letter to, 182

--, inclines towards Rome, iv. 127, 165, 167; meeting with Clement VII., 167; conference with English envoys, 167; conversation with the pope, 172; their accord, 174; attempts mediation between England and the pope, 177; at Pavia, 321; appeal of Bernese to, in behalf of Maisonneuve and Janin, 322; liberates them, 328; his letter to the syndics of Geneva, 330, 348, 349; writes to German princes, 351, 354; inclines to reform, 357; invites Melanchthon to France, 358; his letter to Melanchthon, 363; his sincerity questionable, 364; publishes amnesty, 368; instructs Cardinal du Bellay, 368; proposes a conference between Catholics and reformers, 369; gives up the scheme, 371; his political designs, 393; proposes to write to Elector of Saxony, 394; his views of reformation set forth by Du Bellay at Smalcalde, 399 sqq.; plays two parts, 405; his anger at Carnesecchi, 475

--, proposes interview with Henry VIII., v. 21; sends embassy to him, 58, 75; accepts alliance of Charles V., 114; proposes crusade against Henry, 114; prepares for war with the emperor, 116; secretly aids Geneva, 360, 365; resolves to invade Savoy and the Milanese, 377

--, refuses to deliver up Cardinal Pole to Henry VIII., viii. 150; expels Pole from France, 159; opposes marriage of Henry VIII. with duchess of Milan, 174; proposes marriage of Henry of Orleans with princess Mary of England, 176; authorizes printing and importation of Bibles by Grafton, 176; rejoices at Cromwell's fall, 211; and at persecution of Protestants in London, 240; pretexts of Henry VIII. for war with, 267; concludes peace with Charles V., 268

Francis, bishop of Geneva, i. 21, 26, 33

Franciscans, at Geneva, i. 44; compared with Dominicans, iv. 245

Frangipani, Francisco, vii. 369, 383

Frankfort, Protestant deputies at, ii. 97; assembly of Protestant Princes at, v. 118; Conference of theologians at, vi. 473 sqq.; beginning of reformation at, viii. 317

Frederick, duke of Holstein, forms alliance with Lübeck against Christian II., vii. 136; his character, 141; a canon of Cologne, resigns the canonry, 141; accepts crown of Denmark, 142; promises not to tolerate Lutherans, 142; resolves to maintain impartiality, 143; his edict of toleration, 145; his son Christian in Germany, 147, 148; enters Copenhagen, 149; professes Lutheranism, 149; his coronation, 154; liberates Tausen, 155; convokes diet at Odensee, 162; his speech, 162, 163; by his ordinance establishes freedom of conscience, 164; assembles a conference of the bishops and the Lutherans, 171; prohibits preaching of the Lutherans, withdraws the prohibition, 173; his impartiality, 181, 183; allies himself with German princes, 184; assembles army and fleet, 186; imprisons Christian II., 190; his death, 193; his character and his family, 194

Frederick the Wise, i. 406; his reply to the king of Hungary, vii. 349

Fregoso, archbishop of Salerno, made cardinal, iv. 487

Friburg, citizenship of, granted to Genevese patriots, i. 37; envoys of, at Geneva, protect Berthelier, 84; another deputation to Geneva, 87; indignation at refusal of safe-conduct for Berthelier, 87; Genevese embassy to, demands alliance, 140, 141; offer of alliance accepted by Geneva, 148, 149; the duke of Savoy tries to break the alliance, 152; disturbances, 152; Fabri sent to Geneva, 154; the alliance confirmed, 156; the canons of Geneva declare against it, 159; deputation sent to Geneva, 169; alliance renounced by Mamelukes, 179; sends army to Geneva, 179; message to the duke, 180; protects and receives fugitive patriots of Geneva, 275; promises help, 280; embassy to Geneva, 281; arrival of wives and children of exiles, 283; alliance with Berne and Geneva, 303; departure of Genevese exiles, 304, 305, 307, 310, 313,

314; ii. 391, 392, 400, 404, 415, 418, 419, 423, 431, 441; asks help of Geneva, 442; outrages of Friburgers at Geneva, 444; demands renunciation of alliance, 449; alliance maintained, 450; complains of Lutheran proceedings, 466; joint-suzerain of Orbe, iii. 205; deputation from Orbe to, 212; orders liberation of priests, 231; with Berne publishes first act of religious liberty in Switzerland, 244; sends embassy with threats to Geneva, 354; mediation of Friburg merchants between Catholics and Lutherans, 393; urges bishop of Geneva to return, 423; demands satisfaction for Wernli's death, 428; deputies of, attend the bishop on his return, 432; rumors of intervention at Geneva, 447; the deputies demand justice for Wernli's death, 447; support episcopal citation, 451, 453; iv. 231; renounces alliance with Geneva, 258

Friesland, religious condition of, vii. 457; a battle-field of religious parties, 457; Countess Anna, 461, 463; John of Falkenberg, 464; Countess Anna's reply to Alasco, 467; suppression of Romanism, 467; disorders, 473

Frobenius, iv. 407

Froment, Christian Anthony, iii. 298; urged by Farel to go to Geneva, 298, 299, 312, 313; goes to Geneva, 314; coldly received, 314; departs but returns, 315; advertises his school, 316; his proceedings, 316; success, 317; alarm, 319, 320; conversion of Claudine Levet, 323; disputation with Pellier, 331; ends with a riot, 333; advised not to preach, 335; preaches at the Molard, 338; forbidden by syndics, continues, 341; interrupted by armed priests, rescued by Bernard, 347; attempted concealment, 347; employed as a servant, 348, 350; attacked and rescued, 351; goes to Yvonand, 352; results of his labors at Geneva, 352; returns to Geneva, iv. 195; attempts to arrest him, 198; refutes Furbity, 204; assailed in the church, rescued by Maisonneuve, 204 sqq.; leaves Geneva, 206; returns, 215; at the tournament, 217; at first evangelical Pentecost, 282, 330; attempt to poison him by Antonia Vax, v. 246; at the disputation, v. 268

'Frondeur,' an unhappy, ii. 88; at Strasburg, 88; returns to France, 89; received by Calvin, 89

Fryth, John, sought for by Henry VIII., iv. 59; married, 59; account of him, 139; his true Catholicism, 140; assists Tyndale, 140; returns from the Low Countries, 140; his reply to More and others on purgatory, 141; in the stocks at Reading, 141; liberated, goes to London, 142; his doctrine of the Lord's Supper written down, 143; a copy treacherously taken to the Chancellor, 143; leaves London, 143; Tyndale's letter to, 144; hunted by More, 144; arrested, 145; reads More's reply to him, 146; writes the Bulwark, 147; other labors in prison, 147; some liberty allowed him, 148; visits Petit, 149; the bishops bent on his death, 150; ordered for trial, 151; his judges, 151; taken by Cranmer's messengers to Lambeth, 154; will not step backwards, 154, 155; the scheme for his escape, 156; refuses to escape, 158; his trial at Croydon, 159; his view of the sacrament, 159; again sent to the Tower, 160; his cause transferred to bishop of London, 160; sentenced to death, 161; in Newgate, 161; burnt at Smithfield, 162; influence of his writings, 162; v. 34

Funeral Procession of the Papacy, at Geneva, ii. 347

Furbity Guy, Dominican, sent to Geneva, iv. 200; preaches in the Cathedral, 201; challenges Lutherans, 203; answered by Froment, 204; tumult in the church, 204 sqq.; eulogizes St. Thomas of Canterbury, 207; watched by city guards, 212; prevented from leaving Geneva, 213; appears before the council, will not speak, 217, 218; his trial demanded by Bernese, 219; colloquy with Diesbach, 220; disputation with Farel, 222 sqq.; visits Pennet in prison, 240; summoned before the council, 243; his apologies in the Cathedral, 244; violently assailed and again imprisoned, 245; his release requested by Francis I., 330; liberated, 330; declines to take part in disputation, v. 266, 267; liberated, 407, 408

Gabriel Dune, Gardiner's agent against Tyndale, v. 35 sqq.

Gaillard, Castle of, Duke Charles III. at, i. 169

Galle, Peter, champion of the papacy against Olaf Petersen, vii. 274; discussion with Olaf at Westeraas, 290

Gallican Liberties, ii. 245, 246, 286

Gambara, nuncio, ii. 144

Gardiner, Stephen, deputed to obtain opinion of Cambridge university on the king's divorce, iv. 29, 31, 32; made bishop of Winchester, 72; his interviews with Fryth in the Tower, 146; one of Fryth's examiners, 151; envoy to Marseilles, 167; jealousy of Bonner, 168; resolves on death of Tyndale, v. 35; his agents, Philips, and Gabriel, 35, 41; opposes translation of the Bible, 55; opposes visitation by Cranmer, 57; opposes alliance with German Protestants, 110; his reply to Pole, 177; his policy, his embassy to France, viii. 158; complains to Granvella of calumnies about himself, 158; his entry into London, 158; urges the king to persecution of heretics, 160; his secret conferences with other bishops, 161; instigates prosecution of Lambert, 166; at his trial, 170, 187; preaches at Paul's Cross instead of Barnes, 202; brings subject of the king's divorce before Convocation, 231; reads the judgment, 232; introduces Catherine Howard to the king, 234; sent with Norfolk to examine the queen on charges made against her, 250; his argument for keeping Latin words in English Bible, 256; takes part in plot against Cranmer, 263; persecutes evangelicals of Oxford, 264 sqq.; examines Anne Askew, 278; gets royal proclamation issued against New Testament and many religious books, 279, 286, 287; instigates Henry against the queen, 288; intrigues against her, 289; with Wriothesley, draws up indictment against her, 290; in disgrace, appeals to the king, 293; excluded from number of the king's executors and from the council of regency, 298

Garret, evangelical preacher, viii. 202; preaches at Paul's Cross, 202; reprimanded by the king, 204; committed to the Tower, 204; burnt at Smithfield, 226-228

Gaudet, Pierre, iv. 284; settles at Geneva, v. 237; sets off for Gex, 238; seized and taken to Peney, 239; tortured, 240; his death, 241

Gaudri, Bishop of Laon, slain, ii. 450

Gazzini, Pietro, Bishop of Aosta, ii. 367; commissioned to seek help of the pope for Duke of Savoy, 393; his opposition to the Lutherans, v. 449, 450

Geelen, Jan van, 'Spiritual,' excites revolt in Holland, attempts surprise of Amsterdam, viii. 348; fate of his followers, 349

Geneva, centre of Reformation, i. 1; characteristics of the movement, 2; importance of political element, 3; great things to be studied in small at, 7; Roman, German, Christian influences combined, 8; Burgundian conquests, 9; the gospel first brought to, 10; its first bishop, 10; early history and liberties, 11; Charlemagne at, 11; the Counts of, 12; their castles and mode of life, 12; growth of power of the bishops, 13; the first prince-bishop, 13; coveted by House of Savoy, 14; seizure of the castle by Peter of Savoy, 16; placed under his guardianship, 16; attempt of Amadeus V., 17; the vidamy, 18; rectors of the city elected, 19; attempt of Amadeus VIII., 21; visit of Pope Martin V., 19; the fair transferred to Lyons, 26; surrounded by states of Savoy, 27; renovation preparing, 28; excitement at, about death of bishop Charles de Seyssel, 29, 30; entry of the Bastard of Savoy, 38; settlement of Savoyards in, 41; given to Savoy by Leo X., 50; excitement and opposition, 50; consent of cardinals refused, the bull recalled, 52; corruption fostered by Philibert the Fair, 58; assembly of patriots, 69; terror caused by torture and death of Pécolat, 83; peril, 86; Swiss alliance sought, 87; excommunication riot, 105; plot of the duke, the bishop, and the count, 111; agitation caused by deaths of Blanchet and Navis, 124 sqq.; meeting of the council, 127; embassy to Duke of Savoy, 128; critical position of the Republic, 129; another embassy to the duke and the bishop, 132; consultation of patriots, 134; rejection of sealed letter from the bishop, 138; the Great Council, 138; conflict of ecclesiastical and secular society in, 139; fruitless debate on Swiss alliance, 141; excitement, 142; reception of ducal embassy, 146; Swiss alliance carried, 148; election of Huguenot syndics, 149; Mameluke organization, 150; the canons in danger, 159; surrounded by ducal army, 162; insolent ducal embassy, 163; ordered by Swiss Diet to receive the duke, 164; summoned by Charles III., 165; reply of the Syndics, 165, 166; preparations for war, 166; a truce, 170; attack of the duke frustrated, 171; entered by the duke, 174; distribution of his army, 174; conquered, 176; pillaged, 177; Friburg army at, 180; the plague, 183; entered by the bishop, 187; Mameluke reaction at, 200; restriction of liberties, 203; the decrees revoked, 206; Huguenots recover their liberties, 207; papal citation, 208; procession organized by priests, 210; Pierre de la Baume, prince-bishop, 215; time of depression, 217; vanity of the Genevese, 219; entry of the duke and duchess, 220; 'mystery' performed, 222; seeming success of Savoyard seductions, 224; New Testament introduced, 225; quarrels with Savoyards, 232; corruption and disorders, 235, 236; agitation caused by seizure of Levrier, 248; indignation at his execution, 255; departure of the duke, 256; vengeance of Savoyard council for assault on Boulet, 261; election of Huguenot syndics, 263; appeal of Council to the pope against Savoy, 264; the delegates stopped by the duke, 266; appeal withdrawn, 268; the ducal army near, 269; enters, 270; exodus of patriots, 270; entered by Charles, 279; about to surrender independence, 280; Swiss embassy to, 280; departure of wives and children of exiles, 282; 'council of halberds,' 287; departure of the duke, 289; mission of Lullin, 290; justification of the fugitives, 290 sqq.; return of the bishop, 297; election of Huguenot syndics, 301 sqq.; old constitution restored, 302; Swiss alliance concluded, 304; return of exiles, 304; Council, 305; General Council, 307 sqq.; gleams of reformation, 310; conspiracy of canons, 311; flight of Mamelukes, 312; Swiss embassy, 313; alliance sworn, 313; rejoicings, 314

--, the new situation, ii. 302; the castles, 303; traders, 303; measures of defence, 306; deputation to Berne, 307; immoralities, 318; project of the duke against, 322; warnings, 323; delivered from the canons, 325, 326; the bishop made a citizen, 328; civil jurisdiction conceded, 328; new party forms, 333; immorality attacked, 334; claim and threats of the duke, 338; flight of the bishop, 340; constitution formed, 344; fall of the ducal arms, 344; excommunication and interdict pronounced against, 345; papal letters prohibited, 346; funeral procession of the papacy, 347; bids the duke mind his own business, 350; assailed by 'gentlemen of the Spoon,' 357; civil jurisdiction revoked, 363; menaced by the bishop, 363; reply to his envoys, 364; the messenger of the council insulted, 366; intrigues in the convents, 370; arrival and departure of auxiliary troops, 372; insolence and death of Pontverre, 376 sqq.; a Genevan crucified, 383; 'Day of the Ladders,' 383, 384; embassies from the Swiss and from Savoy, 390; will not give up Swiss alliance, 391; defies the emperor, 395; emperor and pope unite against, 396; war begun by duke and bishop, 416; march of allies on, 417 sqq.; still a Catholic city, 417; blockaded, 418; skirmishes, 419; night attack, 420; retreat of Savoyards, 422; arrival of Swiss troops, 424 sqq.; preachings in the cathedral, 426 sqq.; truce of St. Julien, 428; declines intervention of the emperor, 431; another attack threatened and frustrated, 431, 432; Diet of Payerne, 432; a pilgrimage to St. Claire resisted, 433; another allowed, 434; 'de Christo meditare,' 437; agrees to help Berne and Friburg, 442; again threatened by the duke, 442; election of Catholics, struggles, 444; threatened by the duke, 445; Swiss alliance adhered to, 446; withdrawal of ducal army, 447; preparation by sufferings and dangers, 447 sqq.; Swiss alliance cancelled by patricians, 449; but maintained by citizens of Berne, 450; cession of, to son of the duke proposed, 452; agitation about the General Pardon posted up by Lutherans, 463 sqq.; Friburg embassy and threats, 466; placards and preaching prohibited, 466; first official act in favor of reformation, 467; letter from archbishop to the syndics, 468; standard of the Gospel raised, 472; conflict of two parties, 472 sqq.

--, saves Europe, iii. 199; Farel's arrival at, 275; progress of reformation, 325, 328; tumult, 333, 334; Froment's sermon at the Molard, priests in arms, 338, 339; balance of parties, 350; agitation against Lutherans, 366; conspiracy, 367; both parties armed, 371; disturbance in the cathedral, 372; Catholic preparations to fight, 375; the corps formed, 376; mustering of the corps, 377; distresses in the homes, 381, 382; the Huguenots on the defensive, 390; bloodshed prevented, 392; mediation of Friburgers, 393; peace proclaimed, 395; articles of peace, 397; disquietude, 401; holiday evening and a brawl, 411; the tocsin, 413; fight in the Molard, 415 sqq.; the bishop invited to return, 425; his entrance, 433; a general council, 434; the Charters consulted, 436; episcopal proscriptions, 439; deputation of elders to the bishop, 451; resolution of the Sixty, 453; of the Two Hundred, 455; gathering perils, 460

--, the part of Geneva in the Reformation, iv. 184; agitation about Lutheran prisoners, 186; the bishop's final departure, 192; evangelical preaching authorized by the Council, 196; plot of the Catholics, 211; both parties in arms, 211; Bernese embassy to, 215; the tournament, 217 sqq.; the bishop's coup d'état, 231; assassinations and tumult, 232, 233 sqq.; the bishop's palace searched, 236; the cathedral searched, 237; four Huguenot syndics, 242; Savoyard procession forbidden to enter, 279; another enters and is driven out, 280 sqq.; image-breaking, 281; Whitsuntide procession, 284; embassy from France, 292; Feast of Corpus Christi, 304; rumors of attack by bishop and duke, 308 sqq.; preparations, 309; plans of the invaders, 310; advance on the city, 311; treachery within, 311; a warning, 312; called to arms, 312; retreat of the Savoyards, 315; vigilance, 317; city and suburbs described, 323; destruction of suburbs ordered, 324, 326; opposition of Catholics, 327; the houses razed, lamentations, 333, 334; ramparts built, 335; the see removed to Gex, 338; excommunications by the bishop, 339; appeal to the pope, 340; prepares for defence, 342

--, three parties to uphold the Reformation, v. 232; Huguenot magistrates elected, 232; a monk allowed to preach the Gospel, 234; riot of women in the church, 236; plots of Roman Catholics, 243; a disputation announced, 256; refusal of the papists, 257; the debate, 264 sqq.; its effect, 274; trade or intercourse with Geneva forbidden by the bishop, 270; misery in the city, 276; Farel at the Cathedral, 280 sqq.; forbidden to preach there, 283; images broken, 285; campaign against idols, 288 sqq.; mass suppressed, church property confiscated, 295; the monks dumb before the Council, 299; flight of papists, 299; hospital and school founded, 309; mendicity abolished, 310; end of Romanism, 311; proclaimed as infected by duke of Savoy, 314; skirmishes and alarms, 314; refuses to expel heresy and restore the bishop, 317; news of battle of Gingins, 346; storming of convent of St. Jean, 357; blockaded, 358; assault repulsed, 358; coins money, 360; refuses a truce, 362; the troops partly withdrawn, 363; rejects offer of French protectorate, 365; attack on the church of our Lady of Grace repulsed by Jessé, 366, 367; night attacks by Savoyards, 368; the war of Cologny, 369; famine, 375; Bernese help promised, 376; entrance of Nagueli, and the Bernese army, 387; the castles burnt, 392, 393; rejects sovereignty of Berne, 397; attack on Chillon, 399 sqq.; evangelization of the town and the country, 404, 405; difficulties with the priests, 406; morals in the city, 408; the General Confession (21st May), 412 sqq.; return of refugees, 415; toleration, 416, 417; action of the Government in religious affairs, 465

--, importance of the services of Geneva to freedom and religion, vi. 219, 220, 221; arrival of Calvin, 221; church discipline before his time, 224; long preparation of the Genevese for triumph of the Reformation, 226, 227; conference of pastors at, 273, 274; Calvin's Confession of faith adopted, 284; his articles on order and discipline allowed, 289; measures of the council, 290, 291; Convocation of the people, the Confession adopted, 294; but refused by many, 294; discipline by the state, 297; description of the city, 298; parties at, 335; the Confession sworn to, 337 sqq.; resistance of the Huguenots, 338 sqq.; a general Council, 341; the remonstrance, 342, 343; confusion, 344; deputation to Berne, 348; refusal of the council to exclude any from the Supper, 354; disorders, 355, 356; two parties in the republic, 358; election of syndics, 360; victory of the opposition, 361; proclamation against disorders, 362; refuses to entertain project of submission to France, 363; confusion of church and state at, 365; Bernese usages adopted, 379; disturbances, 380; confusion, 386 sqq.; Easter Sunday 1538, 395; banishment of the reformers decreed, 403, 407; dismay at their departure, 412; licentiousness of the vulgar, 413; the new pastors, 414; reply to Bernese letter, 419; resistance to return of Farel and Calvin, 431; Bernese delegates received, 433; vote of banishment of the reformers by general council, 439; the ceremonies established, 449; new pastors, 449, 450; party strife, 450; disorders, 451; despotism, 465, 466; the rector and regents of the College banished, 467; election of new syndics, 471; suppression of disorders, 471; letter from Sadoleto received by the Council, 480; effect of Calvin's reply to it, 496, 497; Catholic priests before the Council, 500, 501; dispute about treaty with Berne, 512; a new treaty signed, 513; quarrel about it, 514, 515; summoned by Berne to a trial at Lausanne, the treaty rejected by general Council, 515; judgment against Genevese delivered at Lausanne, 516; a general reconciliation, 516; agitation about the quarrel with Berne, 517; flight of the Articulants, 518; a riot, 521; fate of the Articulants, 524

--, proceedings for recall of Calvin, vii. 5; letter of the Council, 8; edict of expulsion of the reformers revoked, 43; letters of the Syndics to Zurich, Basel and Strasburg, 43 sqq.; value of these documents, 45; preparation for reception of Calvin, 50; a day of humiliation, 59; the 'Ordinances' considered by the Council, 61, 62; adopted, 63; Geneva to be made an ecclesiastical fortress, 65; the name of Jesus engraved on the gates, 77; relation of church and state at, 77 sqq.; state of men's minds at, 96; new pastors, 106; moral change, 111

George, Duke of Anhalt, his birth and early life, viii. 322; his adherence to Rome, 323; searches the Scriptures, 323; inquiry and perplexity, 324; reads Luther, 325; gains over his brothers to his views, 325; exercises episcopal authority, 325

Gérac, castle of, iii. 15 sqq.

German Envoys in England, viii. 153 sqq.; their long stay, fruitless discussions, 155; their view, 155; leave England, 157

German Protestant Princes send envoy to Francis I., ii. 71; envoy sent to, 72; proposal for union of France with, 214; English embassy to, v. 109; attempt at alliance renewed, 117, 118; assembly at Frankfort, 118; embassy to Henry VIII., 118; renounce his alliance, 170; send envoys to Henry VIII., viii. 153; discussion at Lambeth, 154

Germans, The, papal treatment of, i. 120

Germany, affairs in, ii. 95 sqq.; peasant revolt in, compared with Pilgrimage of Grace, v. 207

Gex, meeting of duke of Savoy and bishop of Geneva at, ii. 415, 424

Ghent, the Reformation at, vii. 546 sqq.

Ghinucci, deprived of see of Worcester, iv. 180

'Ghost of Lyons,' i. 408

Giberto, Giovanni Matteo, bishop of Verona, iv. 478, 482

Gingins, Aimé de, abbot of Bonmont, i. 31; elected bishop of Geneva, 32; set aside by the Pope, 35; pensioned by the Bastard, 40, 157, 159, 160, 169; ii. 410, 467; episcopal council at his house, iii. 284; presides at examination of Farel, 288, 292, 397; armed gathering at his house 412; v. 257; flies from Geneva, 308; discovered by the Bernese at Divonne, ransoms himself, 386

Gingins, Francis de, lord of Divonne, account of, v. 385, 386; a ransom exacted from him by the Bernese, 386

Gingins, battle of, v. 332 sqq.; effect of it, 355

Giraldi, Lilio, iv. 427

Girard, Aimé, deputy to bishop of Geneva, i. 262, 270, 276; ii. 366, 378

Gjöe, Henry, holds Copenhagen for Christian II., vii. 149; capitulates to Frederick, 149

Gjöe, Magnus, councillor of Denmark, embraces the Reformation, vii. 149; head of reform party, 164; his speech at the electoral diet, 197; refuses to sign the compact, 198; in Jutland, 209; urges election of Christian III., 210; announces to him his election, 212

Gjöe, Brigitta, vii. 204

Glareanus, his intercourse with Alasco, vii. 439

Gnapheus, William, vii. 500; takes part in translating New Testament, 501; arrested and imprisoned, 501; liberated, 502; again arrested, 519; his Tobias and Lazarus, 519

Goch, Jan van, vii. 482

Golden Bull, The, read at Geneva, ii. 460

Goldenhauer, Gerhard, preaches in Guelderland, vii. 525; goes to Strasburg, 526; Professor of Theology, Marburg, 526

Gonin, Martin, Waldensian deputy to Granson, iii. 251, 252, 298, 302, 303 sqq.

Gonzaga, Giulia di, among friends of Valdez, iv. 465; Barbarossa's attempt to carry her off, 465; her religious struggles, 468; conversations with Valdez, 469 sqq.

Gosseau, Jacques, vii. 551, 570

Gostwick, Sir John, accuses Cranmer, viii. 243; the king's menace to him, 247

Gothus, Lawrence, appointed archbishop of Upsala, vii. 333

Gottschalken, Oddur, vii. 226; secretary to Œgmund, 226; translates the New Testament, 227; his translation printed, 228

Goulaz, Jean, takes part in posting up General Pardon at Geneva, ii. 463; affray with a canon, 465; fined, 466; visits Farel, iii. 277, 278, 296, 314; supports Froment, 319, 372; with Porral charged to maintain good morals in the city, vi. 289; renounces citizenship of Geneva, and is imprisoned, 470, 471; assists Calvin in preparing constitution of a church, vii. 56

Gourlay, Norman, condemned and burnt with Straiton, vi. 96

Grafton, Richard, asks permission to sell Tyndale's Bible, v. 227; interview with Cranmer, 227; with Whitchurch, authorized by Francis I. to print and import the Bible into France, viii. 176; with Coverdale goes to Paris, 177; their difficulties, 177; the printing stopped by the Inquisition, 178; and completed in London, 178; cited before the Council, 238; saved by intervention of Wriothesley, 238

Graham, Patrick, primate of Scotland, deprived and imprisoned for life, vi. 6

Gramont, Cardinal de, ambassador to Clement VII., ii. 105; to Conference of Bologna, 142; characterized, 147 [Tournon]

Gramont, De, Bishop of Tarbes, ambassador to the emperor, iv. 24; confers with Earl of Wiltshire, 27

Gran, Archbishop of, cites evangelists of Hermanstadt before him, vii. 350; goes to Rome, 351; takes part in suppression of Lutheranism, 352

Granson, battle of, iii. 236; the churches opened to Farel by order of Berne, 238; a fray in the church, 240

Granvella, Imperial chancellor, iii. 265; gives to Bellegarde answer of the emperor to duke of Savoy, 265; his relations with de Soto, viii. 67; orders arrest of Enzinas, 75

Grapheus, Cornelius, account of, vii. 492; seized by Inquisitors, 492; apologizes and is imprisoned, 492; retracts, 493; his property is confiscated, imprisoned for life, 493; his appeal fruitless, 494

Greenwich, tournament at, v. 137 sqq.

Gregorius, Matthias, Bishop of Strengnaes, vii. 237; massacred at coronation of Christian II., 239

Gregory, Father, orator of Roman party at Conference of Schässburg, vii. 384 sqq.

Grimani, Marco, legate, sent to Scotland, vi. 166; co-operates with Lennox, 167

Gringalet and Levrat, monks, intrigue for duke of Savoy, ii. 369; banished from Geneva, 371

Grivat, George, precentor, iii. 226; preaches at Orbe, 227

Groningen, reformers at, vii. 502

Groot, Gerard, vii. 482

Gros, Claude, his mule, i. 73, 74; mock auction, 74; his complaint before the vidame, 74

Grynæus, Simon, his intercourse with Calvin at Basel, iii. 160, 167; condemns divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 42; defends Bucer, vi. 325; takes part in the synod of Berne, 327; his letter to Calvin and Farel, 442; receives Calvin into his house, 443; his early life, vii. 346; proclaims evangelical doctrines at Buda, 346; seized, imprisoned and banished, 354; Professor at Basel, 354; viii. 143

Guarino, Francesco, sets out with Curione for Wittenberg, iv. 415; arrested, 416

Guéné, William, instigates persecution at Brussels, vii. 569

Guerin, iii. 328, 352, 356, 358; presides at the Lord's Supper at Geneva, 360; leaves Geneva, 361

Guidacerio, of Venice, publishes commentaries on Scripture, ii. 90; accused by Beda, 230

Guido, iii. 298, 301, 303 sqq.

Guillaume, Thomas, named chaplain to Earl of Arran, vi. 155; outcry against him, 156; forbidden to preach, goes to England, 168

Guillet, M., i. 42

Gundebald, at Geneva, i. 10

Gustavus Vasa, his birth and boyhood, vii. 244; his first campaign, 245; one of the hostages assigned to Christian II., taken prisoner and confined in Jutland, 245; escapes to Lübeck, pursued, 246; returns to Sweden and enters Calmar, 246; escapes to the mountain district, attempts to rouse the peasants, 246; his wanderings, 247 sqq.; his interview with archbishop Ulfsson, 248; hears of the Stockholm massacre, 249; in concealment in Dalecarlia, 249; recognized at Ornaes, 251; received by Perssons, 251; denounced, escapes, 251; pursued and wounded, again escapes, 252; his appeal to the peasants, 253; proclaimed captain of all the communes of Sweden, 254; growing success, 255; the Danish camp broken up by his followers, 255; takes possession of Westeraas, 255; besieges Stockholm, and takes it, 255; convokes a diet at Strengnaes, 256; proclaimed king there, 257; his interview with the reformers, 258; his policy, 258; appoints Anderson chancellor, 258; conversations with him, 259; at Malmoe, arranges with Frederick the separation of the kingdoms, 261; refuses to persecute the Lutherans, 261; appoints Magnus primate, 262; expels the iconoclasts, 266; makes a progress through the provinces, 267; present at Olaf's marriage, 267; bids the bishops translate the New Testament, 269; demands part of the tithes for state purposes, 270; at Upsala on the Feast of St. Erick, 271; confers with the Chapter on church temporal power, 272; attends public disputation between Olaf and Peter Galle, 274; declaration of his purpose, 279; cites the primate before him, 279; resolves on reformation, 280; convokes Diet at Westeraas, 281; his speech and abdication, 287, 288; in retirement, 289; receives deputations from the Diet, 291; returns to the Diet, 293; his requirements, 293; his victory, 296; suppresses revolt of the Dalecarlians, 297; his coronation, 298; convokes a synod, 298; his political view of religion, 299; undertakes restoration of the schools, 304; marries Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, 307; discovers and frustrates scheme of alliance of Hanse Towns and Denmark against him, 308; his ecclesiastical measures, 309; compared with Olaf, 309; his coolness towards Olaf, 309; rebuked by him, 310; marries a second time, 312; his letter to the primate, 312; anger against Olaf and his brother, 314; commands them to be brought to trial, 315; compared with Henry VIII., 316; his claim to rule the Church, 317; absolute in church and state, 318; his rule of the church, 320; orders arrest of the bishop of Strengnaes, 321; excuses for severity, 321; declines to join the League of Smalcalde, 322; his speech on resigning the government to his son, 322, 323; last conversations, 323, 324; death, 324; grief over his sons, 325

Guy Regis, Superior of Grey Friars, iii. 237, 238; contends with Farel and Viret, 239

Gyldenstern, Count, his interview with Tausen, vii. 170

Gyldenstern, Knud, commander-in-chief of forces of Denmark, vii. 186; receives submission of Christian II., 187; his convention annulled, 189

Gypsies, banished from England, iv. 68

Hacket, Sir John, at Brussels, iv. 163; attempts to seize Tyndale's New Testaments in the ports of the Netherlands, vi. 25

Halidon, battle of, vi. 138

Haller, Berthold, invites Farel to Switzerland, i. 376; ii. 400; v. 316, 360; blesses the Bernese army, 373; his death, vi. 325

Hamburg, Congress at, German mediation between Christian III. and Lübeck, vii. 214; beginning of reformation at, viii. 320; church organized by Pomeranus, 320, 321

Hamilton, made archbishop of St. Andrews after murder of Beatoun, vi. 215

Hamilton, Catherine, her trial before the ecclesiastical court, vi. 97; leaves Scotland, 98

Hamilton, James, Lord, detained by the Lesleys as a hostage, vi. 214

Hamilton, John, of Linlithgow, accompanies Patrick Hamilton to the Netherlands, vi. 29

Hamilton, John, abbot of Paisley, arrives in Scotland, vi. 167; his influence on the regent, 167; interviews with Beatoun, 168; alarms the regent, 172

Hamilton, Sir James, at Council at Edinburgh, demands reforms, vi. 105; treasurer, charged to seize heretics, 128; imprisoned and put to death, 129

Hamilton, Sir James, resolves to rescue his brother Patrick, vi. 55; is prevented, 56; cited before ecclesiastical court, leaves Scotland, 97; is condemned, excommunicated and deprived of his estates, 97

Hamilton, Sir Patrick, vi. 12; his great reputation, 13, 14; counsels peace, 16; slain in affray at Edinburgh, 16

Hamilton, Patrick, his birth and early life, vi. 12; sent to Paris, 14; abbot of Ferne, 14; becomes acquainted with Luther's writings, 17; death of his father, 17; returns to Scotland, 18; enters University of St. Andrews, 19; refuses to enter on the monastic life, 20; begins to preach, 20; lays open the New Testament, 26; cited before Beatoun, 28; escapes to the Netherlands, 29; arrives at Marburg, 30; visits Lambert of Avignon, 31; member of the university of Marburg, 34; his evangelical theses, 37 sqq.; sails for Scotland, 40; at Kincavil, 43; his zeal, 43; his brother and sister, 44; his ministrations, 45; preaches at Linlithgow, 46; his marriage, 47; invited by Beatoun to a conference, 48; goes to the conference, 49; avows his principles, 49; his interviews with Alesius, 51; with Alexander Campbell, 52; cited to answer a charge of heresy, 54; appears before the bishops, 57 sqq.; his doctrines declared heretical, 58; arrested and confined in the castle of St. Andrews, 59; his trial in the Cathedral, 61 sqq.; declared a heretic, 64; at the stake, 66-68; the effects of his martyrdom, 70-72

Hanse Towns, alliance of, with Denmark, against Gustavus Vasa, vii. 308; German and Swedish participators put to death, 308; rumors, 308

Hardenberg, Albert, vii. 435; declines invitation to Friesland, 458; remains in convent of Aduwert, 459, 460; denounced as a heretic, 460; escapes imprisonment, 460; his inward conflicts, 460, 461; leaves the convent, goes to Wittenberg, 461; meets with Francis de Enzinas, viii. 43; again, 59; leaves his convent, 59

Harman, Richard, liberation of, ordered by Queen Anne, v. 33

Harvel, Edmund, ambassador in Italy, viii. 269

Haughton, Prior, refuses to take oath of succession, v. 47; sent to the Tower, 48; takes the oath, 48; resolves to resist the king's command, 59; sent to the Tower, 61; found guilty of high treason and executed, 62, 63

Haussmann, Nicholas, viii. 317, 326

Haveloos, Antoinette, vii. 548; receives Alasco as her guest, 548; her daughter Gudule, 549, 551; her widowhood, 553; arrested, 556; buried alive, 563, 564

Hawkins, English ambassador to conference of Bologna, ii. 163

Heath, Archdeacon, ambassador to Germany, v. 109; signs alliance with the princes, 110; takes part in discussion at Wittenberg, 116

Hedio, ii. 246; visit of Chelius to, 264; his proposals examined before Francis I., 265 sqq.; iii. 150

Henry III. of England, i. 16

Henry V. of England, i. 20

Henry VIII. of England, i. 356, 378

--, ii. 99, 102; alliance with Francis I., 103; meets Francis I., 104, 105; dances with Anne Boleyn at Calais, 105; treaty with Francis, 105; alarm in Europe, 106; his opinion of marriage of Henry duke of Orleans with Catherine de' Medici, 151; displeasure of Charles V. against, 162; tries to prevent meeting of the pope and Francis I., 185; his marriage with Anne Boleyn, 186; censured by the pope, 186; contributes to recovery of Würtemberg from Austria, 254, 294, 296

--, personification of Anglo-Saxon tendency, iv. 2; summons a parliament, 4; opens it, 9; requires the bishops to answer petition of the Commons, 12; his character and intentions, 20, 21; motives, 21; sends embassy to the emperor and the pope, 22; invites opinions of universities, 29; letter to Oxford, 33; another, 35; receives Cambridge deputation, 37; sends gifts to Francis I., 39; sends agents to Italy, 40; his proclamation against papal bulls, 44; tries to gain the evangelical doctors, 45; reads Tyndale's Practice of Prelates, 53; sends Vaughan in search of Tyndale, 54; exasperated by his report, 57; fails to gain Tyndale, 58; aims at being head of the church, 61; demands recognition of supremacy, 63; agrees to compromise proposed by Warham, 64; his supremacy recognized by the clergy, he pardons them, 66; desires Catherine to leave Windsor, 71; authorizes persecution of Lutherans, 76; will not allow his cause to be tried at Rome, 86; compels submission of the bishops, 88; errors of his policy, 91; his court, 95; his see-saw policy, 105; chooses Cranmer as primate, 116; marriage with Anne Boleyn, 118; insists on Cranmer's primacy, 119; converses with him, 120; demands necessary bulls of the pope, 121; marriage with Anne Boleyn, 127; excommunicated by Clement VII., 128; obtains decision in favor of divorce from Convocation, 131; requires Cranmer to modify his letter, 131; insists on supremacy, 132; summoned before Cranmer at Dunstable, 133; the divorce pronounced, 134; his marriage with Anne declared lawful, 135; presents her to the people, 135; informs the pope, the emperor, &c., of his divorce and marriage, 138; threatened with excommunication, 138; orders trial of Fryth, 151; cited to appear at Rome, appeals to a general council, 164; his isolation, 165, 166; sends envoys to Germany, 165; sends Gardiner and Bryan to Marseilles, 167; sends Bonner, 168; a proclamation drawn up, 174; announces to foreign states his determination to reduce the power of the pope, 176; his message to Francis I., 176; dispenses with a council, 177; condemned by the pope, 182, 348

--, condemned by the pope, v. 2; proposes arrangement with the pope, 3; writes his book against the pope, 5; informed of sayings of Maid of Kent, 10; admits her to an audience, 11; conspiracy against him, 13, 14; his supremacy recognized by monks, 20; interviews with Francis I., 21; abolishes power of the pope by proclamation, 23; anger against Queen Anne, 34; summus episcopus, 42; his tyranny, 49; his new title ratified by Parliament, 49; consents to translation of the Bible, 56; his fixed idea, 56; papal decree against him withdrawn, 58; danger of insurrection, 60; hesitates about execution of More and Fisher, 64; bull of Paul III. against, 76; his excuses, 77; at Reading Abbey, 79; makes advances to German Protestants, 106; writes to Melanchthon, 107; sends Barnes to invite him, 107; sends another embassy to Germany, 109; requires Catherine to renounce her title, 112; renews attempt at union with German Protestants, 118; attracted by Jane Seymour, 127, 128; required by the pope to put away his wife, 131; resolves to get rid of her, 133; appoints commission of inquiry, 135; summons Parliament, 136; at Greenwich tournament, 137; withdraws, 138; orders the queen to keep her room, 138; sends her to the Tower, 140; effect of her letter to him, 152; attempts to prove a pre-contract of marriage, 153; determines to annul the marriage with Queen Anne, 160; puts her to death, 167; at a hunting party, 168; will maintain rupture with Rome, 173; Pole's book presented to him, 174, 177; his marriage with Jane Seymour ratified by Parliament, 178; plays the pope, 191; his Articles of Religion, 192 sqq.; dissolves Parliament and Convocation, 196; refuses to sanction Coverdale's Bible, 198; threatens insurgents of the North, 205; his energetic policy, 208; sends Lancaster herald to the rebels, 209; abandons Tyndale, 221; authorizes sale of Tyndale's Bible, 227

--, his quarrel with James IV. of Scotland, vi. 9; receives Scottish exiles, 99; projects marriage of his daughter Mary to James V., 99; the title of Defender of the Faith withdrawn from him by the pope, 109; sends Norfolk to observe events in Scotland, 114; sends Sir R. Sadler to Scotland, 124, 133; invites James V. to an interview at York, 134; goes to York, 135; his wrath at abandonment of the interview by James, 136; writes to him, 137; prepares for war, 137; refuses to receive ambassadors, 139; his manifesto, 140; orders exposure of the captive Scots in London, 146; projects marriage of his son Edward with Mary queen of Scotland, 157; his arrangement with the banished nobles, 157; his scheme resisted by Beatoun, 158; adopted by Scottish council, 159; frustrated by refusal of the hostages, 171; declares war against Scotland, 175; his aims, 184; desires to see Melanchthon, 476; Calvin's opinion of him, 476

--, promises aid to Christian II. of Denmark but does not give it, vii. 138

--, birth of his son Edward, viii. 141; on death of Queen Jane seeks another wife, 142; several ladies proposed, 142; demands delivery up of Cardinal Pole by Francis I., 150; writes to Hutton, 151; begins persecution of Anabaptists, 160; issues ordinances against the reformed faith, 163; arranges for trial of Lambert, 166; presides at the trial, 167 sqq.; extolled by the Catholic party, and by Cromwell, 173; seeks the hand of the duchess of Milan, 174; the treaty broken off, 175; sanctions printing of the Bible, 176; attempts a compromise between the conflicting parties, 179; failure of the scheme, 180; his measures of defence against alliance of the pope, the emperor, and the King of France, 181; his 'Six Articles,' 181; his proclamations declared to be laws, 183; his attentions to Cranmer, 184; appeal of Melanchthon, 189; exhibits a sea-fight on the Thames, 191; his autocratic temper, 192; marriage purposes, 192; Anne of Cleves, 193; the marriage arranged, 193; incognito sees her at Rochester, 195; returns to Greenwich, 196; his perplexity, 196; conversations with Cromwell, 196, 197; receives Anne at Greenwich, 197; determines to get rid of her, 197; his antipathy, 198; communications to the emperor, 199, 200; receives delegates of Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse, 201; promises to them to soften harshness of the Six Articles, 201; imprisons Barnes, Garret, and Jerome, 204; ill-will towards Cromwell, 205; heaps honors and wealth upon him, 207; reasons why, 207; his want of money, 208; gives assent to bill of attainder against Cromwell, 218; permits him to write to him, 219; a fête in honor of the queen, 220; his scheme for getting rid of her, 221; sends three Protestants and three Papists to the stake together, 226 sqq.; scheme for the divorce of his wife, 229 sqq.; the divorce pronounced by Convocation, 232; marries Catherine Howard, 235; becomes a Catholic, 235; adopts a Catholic policy, 236; royal infallibility by Act of Parliament, 236; consents to Cranmer's committal, 243; his interview with Cranmer, 244; gives him his ring, 244; submission of the council, 246; Bibles published under his sanction, 247; goes to York to meet the King of Scotland, 247; the interview prevented by Beatoun, 248; receives disclosures respecting the queen, 249; investigations by the lords, 249; sends Cranmer to her, 250; sends her to Sion House, 252; orders prosecutions, 253; the queen executed, 254; letters to Cranmer, 260; marries Catherine Parr, 262; receives list of charges against Cranmer, 263; has interview with him, 264; nominates a commission, 264; his pretexts for war with France, 267; private occasions of offence, 267; alliance with Charles V., its conditions, 268; invades France, 268; takes Boulogne, 269; prorogues Parliament, 272; his last speech, 272, 273; proscribes English New Testament and many religious books, 279; overlooks the Queen's evangelical zeal, 285, 286; his ill-health, 286; offended with the queen, 287; signs bill of indictment against her, 290; informs his physician, 291; visits the queen, 293; visited by her, 293 sqq.; prevents her arrest, 296; erects new Court of Augmentations, 297; chooses Cranmer as guardian of his son and the realm, 298; his fears of conflict after his death, 299; receives a warning of ambition of Surrey, 300; orders investigation, 300; sends Norfolk and Surrey to the Tower, 301; illness, 304, 306; interview with Cranmer, 307; his death, 307; his epoch, 308; his will, 308; his character, 309, 310

Henry d'Albret, King of Navarre, his character, i. 345; escapes from prison, 345; courts Margaret of Angoulême, 346, 356; their marriage, 378; visits Béarn, 413; at St. Germain, ii. 30; at Roussel's preaching in the Louvre, 114; complains to the king of agitation in Paris, 124; warns the king at Meaux, 126; strikes Margaret, iii. 28

Henry, duke of Orleans, his marriage with Catherine de' Medici proposed by Francis I., ii. 149; solemnized at Marseilles, 195; his character and position, iv. 355

Henry of Nassau, governor of Flanders, his reply to the Dominicans of Dort, vii. 486

Henry, a monk of Tournay, martyrdom of, vii. 522

Hepburn, John, competitor for see of St, Andrews, vi. 10; storms the castle, 10

Hepburn, Patrick, prior of St. Andrews, one of the judges of Patrick Hamilton, vi. 61; denounces Alesius, 75; assails and imprisons Alesius, 76, 77; ordered to release him, casts him into a fouler dungeon, 77; compelled by the king to liberate him, 78; again imprisons him, 78; appoints John Hay keeper of the prison, 79; pursues Alesius, 82; misses him at Dundee, 83; demands tithe of fish of David Straiton, 94; proceeds against him for heresy, 94

Heretics, L'Etoile's view on treatment of, ii. 4; in England, withdrawn from episcopal jurisdiction, viii. 191

Herman, fanatic, at Groningen, vii. 542; his pretensions, 543; imprisoned, 544

Herman of Liége, goes to Geneva, vi. 299 [Spirituals]

Hermanstadt, Transylvania, evangelists at, vii. 350; expelled, 350; persecution at, Lutheran books burnt, 353; disturbances by the monks, 369; the monks banished, 370

Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, commands English army in Scotland, vi. 184; pillages and burns Leith and Edinburgh, 184; viii. 141

Hewet, Andrew, burnt with Fryth, iv. 162

Hildebrand and Calvin, vi. 255

Hilderley, made bishop of Rochester, v. 130

Hilles, Richard, account of, viii. 258; suspected by Gardiner, goes to Strasburg, 259

History, various kinds of, iii. 198; vi. 1, 2

Hoen, Cornelius, vii. 501; arrested and imprisoned, 501; sent to the Hague, 502

Hoffman, Melchior, vii. 541; viii. 332

Hohenlohe, Count of, [Sigismund]

Hollard, Christopher, iii. 204; protests against the friar's sermon at Orbe, 207; assaulted by the women, and imprisoned, 207; liberated, 209; iconoclast, 228; procures arrest of priests, 230

Holstein, duchy of, the Reformation established in, vii. 225

Holyrood Palace, pillaged and burnt by the English, vi. 184

Honter, John, his labors in Transylvania, vii. 395

Hosius, Cardinal, sends Jesuits to Sweden, vii. 333; his instructions, 334; writes to the king and queen, 335

Howard Family, The, divisions in, viii. 302

Howard, Catherine, passion of Henry VIII. for her, viii. 221; account of her, 234; married to Henry, 235; accompanies him to Scotland, 248; disclosures about her made by Lascelles, 248 sqq.; examined, denies the charges, 250; makes confession to Cranmer, 250; her delirium, another interview with Cranmer, 250, 252; sent to Sion House, 252; many prosecutions ordered by the king, 253; condemned and executed, 254; effects of the disclosures, 255

Howard, Harry, at a tournament, viii. 221

--, Lord William, his embassies to Scotland, vi. 101; sent to the Tower, viii. 253

Hubberdin, preaches against the reformers, iv. 97; his mountebank tricks, 98

Hugonin, of Arnex, iii. 213; pleads for friar Juliani, 214; converted, 226; imprisoned, 231

'Huguenots,' origin of the term, i. 88; its first meaning political, 89; meetings of, at Geneva, 135; a war-cry, 142; rapid growth of the party, 148, 181; excluded from the councils, 200; recover their liberties, 207; unsuccessfully attempt conciliation, 208; the founders of modern liberty, 254; support appeal to the pope against duke of Savoy, 268; persecution of, by the duke, 268 sqq.; exodus, 270; the fugitives attacked by troops of the duke, protected by Friburgers, 272; arrival at Friburg, 273; their wives and children join them, 283; justification of the fugitives, 293 sqq.; election of Huguenot Syndics, 301 sqq.; resent tyranny of the prince-bishop, ii. 318; invite Bonivard to put himself at their head, 353; resolve to eat meat in Lent, 355; claim right of free inquiry, 388; their bold front against Savoy and other powers, 392; complaint of the fiscal against them, 397; sentenced, 397; their negative Protestantism, 399; intercourse with Swiss Evangelicals, 399; imprisoned by allies of the bishop, 416; assailed by Friburgers, 444; discuss encroachments of the clergy, 462; [Lutherans] massacre of, iii. 3; leaders visited by Farel, 277, 278; visit him, 280; attend disputation between Froment and Pellier, 331, 332; advocate religious reformation, 348; demand the Scriptures, 349; arms of the flesh, 409; fight in the Molard, 411 sqq.; proscription, 438; prepare resistance to bishop's removal of prisoners, iv. 187; armed attendance on Farel's preaching, 211; assassinations, 232, 233; consultation, 235; search the bishop's palace, 236; Huguenot syndicate, 242; demand a church, 250; occupy grand auditory at Rive, 252; discoveries among the relics, v. 287 sqq.; their heroism contributes to triumph of the Reformation, vi. 226; division among them, 279, 335; resist faith by compulsion, and influence of foreigners, 336, 337; refuse to swear to the Confession, 338; decree of banishment against them, 339; the decree a dead letter, 339; their opposition to the rule of Calvin, 358

Hugues, Besançon, i. 36, 37; opposes surrender of culverins to Duke of Savoy, 48, 50, 67, 87; leader of the Huguenots, 89; syndic, 111, 134, 137, 138; envoy to Friburg, 140; his speech to Genevese assembly, 147; proposes Swiss alliance, 148; envoy to Friburg, 156, 160, 161, 164, 180, 182, 200, 205; his interview with La Baume, 212; becomes his adviser, 212; his promise to the duke, 256; his qualifications for leadership, 262; elected syndic, refuses the office, 263; resists claims of the duke, 267; treacherous visit of Vuillet to, 271; missing at Friburg, 273; escapes by night, 274; at Friburg, 274; his speech before the senate, 275; detects the duke's stratagem in the safe-conduct, 281, 300, 302; speech on return of the exiles, 305; proposes Swiss alliance at general council, 306, 307; his conservatism, 309, 310; elected captain-general, ii. 306; influenced by Ab Hofen, 316; the bishop's gift to him, 320; bishop's envoy to Berne, 321; frustrates the duke's plot against Geneva, 324; sets a watch, 327, 333; assists flight of the bishop, 340; escapes seizure by Savoyards, 341; replies to menaces of the bishop, 364; mission to Berne and Friburg, 368, 402; hostile to Bonivard, 404; his resignation, 450; his death, 451; a martyr of liberty, 451; the bishop's letter to, iii. 268 sqq.; date of death, 273

Hugues, Denis, i. 292

Hugues, Guillaume, syndic of Geneva, ii. 468; iii. 282, 286, 291

Hungary, invaded by Turks, ii. 107; King John supports duke Christopher of Würtemberg, 218; evils of submission to Rome, vii. 342; revolts, 342; fitness of the people for the Reformation, 343; kept back by persecution, 343; early partial enlightenment, 343; marriage of Louis II., 344; beginning of the Reformation, 345; Luther's writings introduced, 346; and condemned, 346; first evangelical preachers, 346; eagerness of students to go to Wittenberg, 347; persecution sanctioned by the king, 348; intolerance of the priesthood, 348; edict for burning of heretics, 355; invasion of, by Sultan Solyman, 356; unprepared, 357; rout of Mohacz, 360, 361; persecution breaks out, 364, 365; emigration of Christians, 366; conversion of magnates, 368; persecution slackened, 369; again invaded by Solyman, 370; influence of Confession of Augsburg, 371; Devay and other reformers, 372 sqq.; the first printing press in, 381; Conference of Schässburg, 384, 385; progress of Reformation, 388; adoption of Zwinglian views, 389; agreement between the two kings, 390; death of Zapolya, his son proclaimed king, 391; invasion by Turks in his support, 391; disorder and distress, 392; progress of Reformation, 393, 394; persecution instigated, 399; the Pope and Mohammed in, 406 sqq.; effects of Council of Trent in, 408; conference of Erdoed, 409; conference of Eperies, 410; progress of the Gospel, 415

Hungerford, Walter, Lord, executed, viii. 224

Hunter, James, Protestant of Perth, vi. 180; condemned to death by Cardinal Beatoun, 181; hung, 181

Huntley, Earl of, defeats the English at Halidon, vi. 138; in command of army at Edinburgh, 141; a mutiny, 141; takes part in conference against the regent, 169

Hus, John, ii. 102; vi. 5; his followers in Bohemia divided, vii. 417, 421

Hutton, English envoy at Brussels, viii. 142, 151, 174

Ibach, preaches at Frankfort, viii. 318

Ibrahim Pasha, takes Peterwaradin, vii. 356

Iceland, vii. 225; its bishops, 225; resists imposition of new constitution of the church, 229; gradual extinction of Roman services, 230. [Aresen, Johan.]

Icelandic New Testament, vii. 228

Image-breakers, imprisoned, iv. 309; at Geneva, v. 285-292 sqq.; at Lausanne, vi. 231, 266, 267

Individuality and Community, iv. 372, 373; vi. 277

Innocent VIII., Pope, i. 45

Inquisition, The, introduced in the Netherlands, vii. 491; in Spain, Torquemada, viii. 2; destroys Spanish Bible, 42; at Paris, prohibits Regnault from printing Bibles and seizes those printed, 178

Irenaeus, i. 9

Isabella, Queen of Spain, her severity towards her daughter Joanna, viii. 128; sends confessors to her, 128; her distress, 129; her plan of excluding her from the throne, 130; her death, 131

Isabella, sister of Charles V., marries Christian II. of Denmark, vii. 127; adheres to evangelical faith, 139; her death, 139

Islamism, action of, in Hungary, contrasted with that of Roman church, vii. 407 sqq., 414, 415, 416

Italian League, concluded at Bologna, ii. 162

Italian New Testament, by Bruccioli, iv. 410

Italy, beginning of Reformation in, iv. 406; spread of its doctrines by students and soldiers, 409; enthusiasm for Luther, 409; revival of, promoted by two groups of Christians, 476; wave of reformation reaches the Vatican, 481; two camps, 488; Italian sympathy with England in war with France, viii. 269, 270

James IV. of Scotland, examines and acquits Campbell of Cessnock and his wife, vi. 8; killed at Flodden, 9

James V. of Scotland, his minority, vi. 9; his defective education and devotion to pleasure, 22; declared of age, 23; submits to the priests, 23; sent by them on pilgrimage to St. Duthac, 55; complains to Henry VIII. of his treatment by Angus, 72; escapes in disguise to Stirling Castle, 73; banishes Angus and assumes to govern, 74; his character, 74; places the government in the hands of the priests, 74; orders liberation of Alesius and the other canons, 77; compels Hepburn to release Alesius, 78; concludes alliance with Charles V., 86; receives secret embassy from the emperor, 86; accepts order of the Garter from Henry VIII., 101; rejects proposal of marriage with Mary of England, 101; gets severe laws passed against reading the Bible, 102; demands reforms, 105; gives up proposed interview with Henry VIII., 106; sends secret mission to Rome, 106; quarrels with the queen-mother, 106; offers aid to Francis I., 107; marries Madeleine of Valois, 107; loses his wife, 108; marries Mary of Lorraine, 109; under Cardinal Beatoun's influence, 111; prepares for war with England, 114; present at the burning of five martyrs, 118; corresponds with Henry VIII., 125; demands reform, and threatens the bishops, 125; again takes the side of the priests, 128; invests Sir James Hamilton with functions of an inquisitor, 128; imprisons and puts him to death, 129; birth of his son, 129; embarks on a voyage, 129; rebukes the cardinal and prelates, 130; birth of a second son, 130; his remorse, 130, 131; death of his sons, 132; agrees to meet Henry VIII. at York, 134; bribed by the prelates, abandons the interview, 136; threatened with war by Henry, 137; obtains subsidies of the prelates, 137; after Halidon proposes negotiation, 139; assembles his army at Edinburgh, 140; abandoned by the army, 141; holds a council at Holyrood, sanctions a proscription against the reformation party, 142; flight of his army at Solway, 145; his distress, 147; returns to Edinburgh, 147; secretly leaves the city, 148; birth of his daughter, Mary Stuart, 149; last interview with the cardinal, 149; his death, 150; his character, 150

Janin, the armorer, iv. 202, 205; accompanies Maisonneuve to Lyons, 266; arrested, 267; conversations with the prisoners, 287 sqq.; dejection, 290; his liberation sought by Bernese, 322; liberated by order of Francis I., 328; restored to Geneva, 329

Janssen, Thure, grand master of the Court of Sweden, supports Christian II., vii. 185; put to death by Christian, 186

Jean de Courte-Caisse, prince-bishop of Geneva, i. 20

Jean de La Rochetaillée, prince-bishop of Geneva, i. 20

Jeanne d'Albret, birth of, i. 413; edits Novels of her mother, ii. 171

Jerome, evangelical preacher, v. 199; preaches at Paul's Cross, viii. 203; reprimanded by the king, 204; committed to the Tower, 204; burnt at Smithfield, 227, 228

Joachim, prince of Anhalt, viii. 322; supports the Reformation, 325; wavering, encouraged by Luther, 327

Joanna, Queen of Spain, account of, viii. 126 sqq.; kept in captivity, 127; her marriage with Archduke Philip, 128; her hostility to Rome, 128; birth of her son (Charles V.), 129; excluded from the throne, 130; reported to be mad, 130; goes with Philip to Spain, 131; her rights sacrificed by agreement between her father and her husband, 132, 133; death of her husband, 134; placed in confinement, 134; her hand sought by several princes, 134; removed to Tordesillas, 134, 135; rumors, 135; her treatment, 135, 136; her religious belief, 136, 139; her death, 139

Joensson, Thure, marshal of Sweden, vii. 281; his pride and vanity, 285; agrees with Brask, 285, 287, 288; his demands, 291; escapes into Norway, 297

John, the Bastard of Savoy, his birth and breeding, i. 33; his bargain with Duke Charles for bishopric of Geneva, 33, 34; sent to Rome, 34; honorable reception of, by Leo X., 35; nominated bishop, 35; exasperation of the Genevese, 36, 37; accepted by the majority, 37; enters Geneva, 38; proclaimed sovereign, 39; tampers with Berthelier, 40; feasts the young men, 41; a mere servant of the duke, 53; his tyranny and extortion, 53; carries off Claude Vandel, 55; refuses to release him, 55; flies from Geneva, 57; pardons a robber, 61; reproved by the duke, 62; escapes from Geneva, 65; joins in the duke's plot against Levrier and Berthelier, 66; visits the duke at Lyons, 79; tortures Pécolat, 81 sqq.; demands Berthelier, 83; refuses safe-conduct for Berthelier, 87; declares he will not return to Geneva, 90; seizes Pierre d'Orsières, 90; returns, 92; liberates d'Orsières, 92; accused by the syndics before the duke, 93; demands torture for Pécolat, foiled by Levrier, 98; inhibition of the metropolitan served on him, 102; threatened with excommunication, laughs at the archbishop, 103; excommunication published in Geneva, 104; plots with the duke, 111; orders arrest of Bonivard, 117; his treatment of the bodies of Blanchet and Navis, 123; indignation of Genevese, 126; his reply to their letter, 129; Mameluke deputation to, 132; demands death of Berthelier and others, 134; his sealed letter to Genevese, 137; rejected by the Council and the people, 138, 182; at Troches, conspires with Mamelukes, 184; raises troops, 186; enters Geneva, 187; his message to the council, 187; arrests Berthelier, 189; refuses a just trial, 192; puts him to death, 196; revolutionizes Geneva, 199; retires to Pignerol, 265; forbidden by Leo X. to return to Geneva, 206; appoints a coadjutor, 212; his death-bed, 212 sqq., 285

John III., King of Sweden, vii. 322, 323, 324; his claims and arrest, 327; conferences with Erick, 330; succeeds his brother, 330; cruel treatment of Erick, 331; his queen, a Romanist, 332; won over to the Catholic side, 332; publishes an ordinance in favor of Romanism, 332; Romanism in the ascendent, 333; sends embassy to the pope, 335; persecutes the Protestants, 336; his instructions for the murder of Erick, 336, 337; his report to Duke Charles, 337; received into Romish communion, 338; claims duchies of Bari and Rossano, 339; loses his wife and marries again, 339; persecutes the Catholics, 339; his death, 340

John Louis, bishop of Geneva, i. 21; his character, 23; gives protection to his father, Louis, 23

John of Falkenberg, marries Dorothea of Austria, vii. 464; opposes Alasco in Friesland, 464; attempts to get him banished, 464

John of Leyden (John Bockhold), iv. 374; his preaching in the Netherlands, vii. 542; arrives at Munster, viii. 335; account of him, 335, 336; on death of Matthison becomes king, 342; his debauchery, 342; undertakes conquest of the world, 343; his pomp, 344; his wives, 344; sends out his apostles, 345; beheads a woman, 346; excites revolt in the Netherlands, 348; captured by troops of Philip of Hesse, 350; feigns conversion, 350; his cruel fate, 351

John of Lucerne, i. 116

John of Molines, at Waldensian synod, iii. 255; refuses to sign the new confession, 259; goes to Bohemia, 260

John, prince of Anhalt, signs Compromise of Augsburg, viii. 322; supports the Reformation, 325

John, son of Christian II., the hope of the Catholic party, vii. 184; his death, 193

Jomory, archbishop of Cologne, commands Hungarian army against Solyman, vii. 360

Joris, David, account of, vii. 469; his conference with Alasco, 470; at Basel, 470; viii. 353

Joubert, William, martyrdom of, i. 347, 348

Joye, Amadeus de, i. 69; carries off the image of St. Babolin, 201; imprisoned, 202; his trial, 202; threatened with torture, 203; permitted to escape, 203

Joye, George, account of, v. 31; his New Testament, 32

Jubilee, The, ii. 460

Julian de' Medici, i. 34; his marriage with Philiberta of Savoy, 49, 50

Juliani, Michael, friar, preaches against reform at Orbe, iii. 205, 206; arrested, 209; his trial, 214; liberated, 215

Julius II., Pope, i. 119; iv. 131

Justification, ii. 268, 269

Kempis, Thomas à, vii. 482

Kennedy, imprisoned, vi. 120; tried before archbishop of Glasgow, 121; burnt, 123

Killon, a monk, his tragedy acted at Stirling, vi. 115; arrested, 116; burnt, 118

'King's Book,' The, viii. 261

Kingston, lieutenant of the Tower, receives Queen Anne, v. 140, 141, 163; at her execution, 164

Kirkcaldy, James, of Grange, reveals to the king the projects of Beatoun, vi. 129; withdraws from the court, 168

Kirkcaldy, William, takes part in conspiracy against Cardinal Beatoun, vi. 210; assists at seizure of castle of St. Andrews, 211; obtains conditional promise of protection from Henry VIII., 215

Kirwan, preaches against Peto, iv. 105

Kiss, Stephen. [Szegedin, Stephen]

Klaessen, Wendelmutha, account of, vii. 520; imprisoned, 520; her trial and martyrdom, 522

Klein, Catherine, receives Calvin at Basel, iii. 157

Knevet, Sir Antony, refuses to continue torture of Anne Askew, viii. 281

Knevet, Sir Henry, at Ratisbon, investigates rumor about Bishop Gardiner, viii. 159

Knipperdolling, Bernard, receives Bockhold and Matthisson at Munster, viii. 336; burgomaster, 338; has power of life and death, 342, 344; his cruel fate, 351

Knox, John, i. 6; his birth and boyhood, vi. 14; a disciple of Mayor, 18, 19; hears preaching of Guillaume, 156; a follower of Wishart, 192; keeps watch over him, 192; parts with him, 195

Kunz, pastor at Berne, vi. 325, 367, 369, 370; hostile to Calvin, 371; the ape of Luther, 372; one of the presidents of synod of Lausanne, 374; undertakes to advise the Genevese to recall the reformers, 426; account of him, 426; visited by Calvin and Farel, 427; his wrath, 428, 429; places Calvin's articles in the hands of Vandel, 435

La Baume, Pierre de, coadjutor of bishop of Geneva, i. 212; at death-bed of the bishop, 213; his character, 214; appointed Bishop of Geneva, 215; his entry into the city, 215 sqq., 235; his worldly policy and vacillation, 261; receives deputation respecting Savoyard oppression, 262; his promises, 262; invited by Genevese to plead their cause at Rome, 264; as agent of Charles V. goes to Milan, 265; fugitives from Geneva repulsed by his officers at St. Claude, 273; his anxiety, 284; called to Geneva, 296; his reception, 297; won over by Vandel, 298; braves and fears the duke, 299; resists election of Huguenot syndics, 300, 301; at general council, 308; protests against Swiss alliance, 308; flight from Geneva, 311; vacillation, ii. 309; disposes of benefices vacant by sack of Rome, 317; his alarm, 319; sequestrates property of the Mamelukes, 320; seeks alliance with the Swiss, 320; the duke's plot against him, 322; escapes, 324; in concealment, 325; attends a general council and is made free of the city, 328; concedes civil jurisdiction, 328; abduction of a girl, 335; compelled to restore her, 336; his fears, 338, 339; his flight by night, 340; negotiation with the duke, 343; takes his ease, 343, 349; reconciled with the duke, 362; hateful to Geneva, 363; revokes civil jurisdiction, 364; his menaces, 364; anger at reply of Geneva, 366; insults the messenger, 366; prohibits reform, 389; demands release of Mandolla, 411; appeals to Knights of the Spoon, 412; authorizes them to make war on Geneva, 413; meets the duke at Gex, 415; the attack frustrated, 422; liberates his prisoners, 429; asks intervention of the emperor, 429; prepares another attack, 431; applies to the pope, 432; iii. 268; his letters to Besançon Hugues, 268-272; receives deputation from the council, 324; urged by Friburgers to return to Geneva, 423; commanded to do so by Clement VII., 424; invited by Genevese, 425; hesitation, 426; preparations to receive him, 430; his entrance, 433; orders a procession, 433; at a general council, 434; his despotic plans, 437; proscribes Huguenots and Evangelicals, 438, 439; invites the proscribed to his palace, 440; seizes and imprisons them, 441; what to do with them, 443; a strange request, 444; refuses a lawful trial to the accused, 448; receives deputation of elders, 450; will not yield, 451; uneasiness, iv. 185; resolves to remove Lutheran prisoners, 186; compelled to surrender them, 189; anxious to leave, 190, 191; visit of the syndics to, 191; his flight, 192; his name a byword, 194; forbids preaching, 196, 198; his letters disregarded, 199; a proclamation, 213, 230; meditates a coup d'état, 231; his palace searched, 236; his plot discovered, 239; result of the discovery, 242, 297; accuses Maisonneuve of relapsing, 298; urges his punishment, 299, 307; forms a new plot, 308; marches for Geneva, 311; retreats, 315; cuts off supply of food from the city, 337; favors brigandage, 337; transfers see to Gex, 338; excommunicates Genevese, 339; forbids the faithful to attend a disputation, v. 257; forbids speaking or trading with Genevese, 270; created cardinal, vi. 479

La Forge, Stephen de, his intercourse with Calvin, ii. 90; receives him at Paris, iii. 68; his zeal, 76; his household, 89; burnt, 141; iv. 259, 267

'La Gaborite,' martyrdom of, iii. 142

Lamb, Robert, Protestant of Perth, vi. 178; seized and condemned to death by Cardinal Beatoun, 181; hung, 181

Lambert, Denis, vi. 271, 272

Lambert of Avignon, i. 339, 340; called to Marburg, vi. 31; intercourse with Patrick Hamilton, 31, 32, 34; his testimony to Hamilton, 34

Lambert, Jean, iv. 240, 241; v. 352; imprisonment at Chillon, 353; burnt at Chambery, vi. 486

Lambert, Jean, assists Calvin in preparing constitution of Church of Geneva, vii. 56

Lambert, (John Nicholson) seized and sent to London, iv. 92; his examination, 93 sqq.; liberated, 95; settles in London, account of him, viii. 163, 164; his interview with Dr. Taylor, 165; conference with Cranmer and others, 165; his views condemned, 165; appeals to the king, 165; writes his Treatise on the Sacrament, 166; his trial before the king, 167 sqq.; condemned, 172; burnt, 172

Lambert, Savoyard ambassador to Swiss Diet, i. 153; again sent, 162

Langerben, Michael, colleague of Olaf Peterson at Stockholm, vii. 261

Lannoy, i. 325

La Sarraz, Michael Mangerot, Baron of, ii. 412; commissioned to make war on Geneva, 413; character of, 416; takes the field, 416, 417; at battle of Gingins, v. 336 sqq.; in command at blockade of Geneva, 358

Lascelles, John, his disclosures about Queen Catherine (Howard), viii. 248 sqq.; examined by the lords, 249

Latimer, Hugh, his sermon before the court, iv. 37; the king tries to gain him, 45; strengthened by the Fathers, 46; letters to the king, 47 sqq.; his oratory, 49; his boldness, 50; accused to the king, 51; protected by him, 77; friendship with Bilney, 78; tries to save him, 80; laments for him, 83; hated by priests and courtiers, 95; sermon in the city, 95; quits the court, 97; summoned before bishop of London, 98; examined, 99, 100; maintains freedom of preaching, 100; appears before Convocation, 101; excommunicated, 101; will not recant, 101; absolved, 102; visits Bainham in the Tower, 109; the popular orator of Protestantism, v. 23; chaplain to Queen Anne, 23; his view of monasticism, 97; the queen's esteem for, 121; bishop of Worcester, 130; preaches before Convocation, 181 sqq.; on the pilgrimage of grace, 206; his letter on birth of Edward VI., viii. 141; opposes the Six Articles, and resigns his see, 184; retires to the country, 184; committed to the Tower, 184

Latomus, takes part in persecution at Louvain, vii. 556, 559

Lauder, John, official accuser under Cardinal Beatoun, vi. 116, 121; at the trial of Wishart, 199 sqq.

Laufen, battle of, ii. 253

Laurent, Peter, professor at Malmoe, vii. 169

Laurent, Philip, ii. 8

Lausanne, Farel and Viret driven from, iv. 256; offers troops to Geneva, 317; preaching of Viret and Fabri at, vi. 229, 230; image-breaking, 231; a disputation appointed by Berne, prohibited by Charles V., 234; its importance, 235; the Romish and Protestant champions, 236; the opening, 238; manuscript Acts of the Disputation, 238 note; protest of the canons against the discussion, 240; results of the meeting, 260; moral reform at, 261; treaty with the Bernese, 264; synod of, 313; another, convoked by Bernese, 373; discussion refused to Genevese deputies, 374; the usages of Berne accepted, 374

La Val d'Isère, seignior of, i. 62; attempts to gain Bonivard, 63; vows to seize Levrier, 64; escapes from Geneva, 65

La Vaux, opposition to reformation at, vi. 267

Lay power, growth of, i. 285; assembly of laity and clergy discussed, ii. 293; laymen and clergy, 311 sqq.; encroachments of clergy, 462; triumph of, in England, iv. 19; one of the forces of Protestantism, 298; in primitive church, v. 26, 27; revival of, in England, 83

Le Clerq, curé, searches for Margaret's 'Mirror,' ii. 172; his act disavowed by Sorbonne, 181; his defence, 182; imprisoned, 233

Le Comte, John, iii. 74, 92; invited to Switzerland by Farel, 232

Lecoq, his preaching at Paris, ii. 74; before Francis I. and the court, 74; a secret interview with the king, 75; pronounced an arch-heretic, 76; examined by doctors of the Sorbonne, 76; retracts, 77

Lee, Edward, ambassador to Charles V. and the pope, iv. 22; made archbishop of York, 72; disowns primacy of the pope, v. 20; sent to Queen Catherine, 112; encourages the Catholic revolt in Lincolnshire, 204; at Pomfret Castle, 209, 213; viii. 180

Lefèvre, of Etaples, publishes his New Testament, i. 225, 317; flies from persecution, 332, 335, 367, 368; at Paris, 361, 362; consoles Margaret, 412; ii. 9, 57, 68; his Bible, 90; at Nérac, iii. 21; interview with Calvin, 23, 24; his Mass of Seven Points, 117; his New Testament, 162; used by Olivétan, 358; allowed to be printed at Geneva, 358; invited to take part in disputation at Geneva, v. 258; his Bible compared with Olivétan's, 272

Leighton, Dr., v. 82; commissioner for visitation of monasteries, 84; his proceedings, 85 sqq.

Leith, the English fleet at, vi. 183; entered by the army, 184; pillaged and burnt, 184

Lennox, John Stuart, Earl of, marches on Edinburgh, vi. 23; defeated by Angus and slain, 24

Lennox, Earl of, supporter of the French party, 166; at conference against the regent, 169; enters service of Henry VIII., 176; marries Lady Margaret Douglas, 176

Leo X., Pope, i. 34; brings about marriage of Philiberta of Savoy with his brother Julian, 34, 35; nominates the Bastard of Savoy bishop of Geneva, 36; false steps, 36; his character, 49, 50; gives Geneva to Savoy, 50; annuls censures of archbishop of Vienne in Pécolat's case, 106, 114, 118; characterized by Bonivard, 119; forbids the Bastard to return to Geneva, 206; his summons to syndics of Geneva, 208, 211; prohibits introduction of Luther's works into Spain, viii. 4

Lepeintre, Claude, account of, viii. 47; his martyrdom, 47, 48

Le Picard, champion of the Sorbonne, ii. 121, 126; arrested, 127; before the parliament, 129; banished, 130; his departure, 133; returns, 230; with Beda renews persecution, 230; imprisoned, 233

Lerma, Peter de, abbot of Alcala, viii. 15; imprisoned by the Inquisition, 16; submits, 16; his exile and death, 16, 41, 42; his last days, attended by F. de Enzinas, 45

Le Sage, Charles, iii. 46, 47, 53

Lesley, John, conspires against Cardinal Beatoun, vi. 209; assists at seizure of castle of St. Andrews, 211; slays the cardinal, 212

Lesley, Norman, quarrels with Cardinal Beatoun, vi. 209; conspires against him, 209; his plan, 210; seizes the castle of St. Andrews, 211

L'Etoile, Pierre de, teaches at Orléans, ii. 1; his influence, 3; his view on treatment of heretics, 4

Leutschau, Christian courage at, vii. 401

Levet, Claudine, iii. 320; hears Froment, 321; alone with the Bible, 322; her conversion, 323; dress and charities, 325; her friends, 326; meetings, 327; threatened by Catholic rioters, 388; advises flight of her husband, 441; character of, 442; iv. 195; v. 304, 305

Levet, Aimé, iii. 320, 327; Froment concealed in his house, 351, 358; proscribed by the bishop, 439; escapes, 441; his wanderings, 445; pursued and taken, 446; liberated, iv. 195; invites Froment, 195, 235; refuses to honor relics and is imprisoned, 258, 324; elected syndic, v. 394

Levrat, Jean, iv. 311, 312; arrested, 316

Levrier, Aimé, i. 61, 62; doomed to destruction by duke of Savoy, 62; the scheme proposed to Bonivard, 63, 64; warned by Bonivard, 64; the attempt frustrated, 65; foils the Bastard in Pécolat's trial, 98; his proposal for saving Pécolat, 99, 104, 130, 134, 138, 200; proposes deprivation of the bishop, 206; commissioned to go to Rome, 206; proof against Savoyard seductions, 233; his character, 237; frustrates the duke's attempt to usurp the vidamy, 239; his interview with Charles at Bonne, 240; leads opposition to his demand of sovereignty, 241; his death determined on, 243; refuses to leave Geneva, 244; before the duke, 244; seized and carried off by Bellegarde to Bonne, 247; the bishop's councillors refuse to intervene, 249; the duke's plot, 250; debate in the Council, 250; tortured, 251; his calm courage, 252; execution by night, 253 sqq.; consequences, 254, 282; his memory honored, 315

Levrier, Pierre, i. 37, 74, 93, 94

Libertines, The, ii. 91; iii. 78; [Spirituals]

Liberty, Modern, three sources of, i. 8; morality necessary to, 59; first declaration of religious liberty, iii. 429; Rome and liberty incompatible, v. 61

Libraries of convents in England, destroyed or carried off, v. 99

Lichtenberg, astrologer, ii. 249

Liesveld, publishes a Dutch Bible, vii. 517

Limburg, a family of martyrs at, vii. 536, 537

Lincolnshire, Catholic revolt in, v. 204 sqq.

Linlithgow, vi. 12, 46, 125

Lippomano, iv. 482

Lisle, Lord, commander of English fleet sent to Leith, vi. 183

'Little Geneva,' ii. 55

'Little Germany,' ii. 63

Littlejohn Smallfoot, abbot of Bonmont's fool, i. 74, 75

Lollards, The, ii. 102

London, persecution by Bonner at, viii. 238 sqq.

London, Dr., commissioner for visitation of monasteries, v. 84; collects information for accusation of Cranmer, viii. 242; arrests evangelicals at Oxford, 264; at Windsor, 270; set in the pillory and imprisoned, 270

Longland, bishop of Lincoln, Chancellor of Oxford, deputed to obtain opinion of the university on the king's divorce, iv. 33

Longueville, John, Count of, ii. 83

Lorraine, Cardinal of, i. 366; presides at discussion with Lecoq, ii. 76

Losonczy, Stephen, account of, vii. 411; expels Szegedin and other pastors, 412

Louis II. of Hungary, marries Mary sister of Charles V., vii. 344; character of, 344; declares against reformation, 348; writes to Elector of Saxony against Luther, 349; urged by the pope proscribes the Reformation, 352; issues edict for burning of heretics, 355; summoned by Solyman to pay tribute, 357; prepares to resist invasion, 357; sets out to meet the Turks, 358; his army, 359; defeat and death at Mohacz, 361

Louis XI., of France, i. 25

Louis XVI., iii. 131

Louis, Duke of Savoy, i. 22; takes refuge at Geneva, 23

Louisa of Savoy, regent of France, persecutes Lutherans, i. 331; stops proceedings against Berquin, 344, 365; her character and influence at court, 409; takes part against the Reformation, ii. 31, 33; her illness, 68; will die governing, 69; her death, 69, 418; iii. 205

Louvain, vii. 435; Luther's writings introduced, 484; rage of the theologians, 484; Erasmus assailed, 485; appeal of the doctors to the governess Margaret, 486; arrival of Alasco at, 548; pestilence at, 553; persecution of the reformed at, 554; night arrests, 554, 555; the examinations, 556 sqq.; the torture, 560; martyrdom, 562 sqq.; cowards, 568

Louvre, The, opened for Lutheran preaching by Margaret of Navarre, ii. 114 sqq.

Loys, Fernand de, represents Lausanne at the disputation, vi. 236, 243, 264

Lübeck, resolves on invasion of Denmark, vii. 207; [Oldenburg, Count of] besieged by Christian III., 211; with other Hanse Towns allied against Denmark, 308; resistance to the Reformation at, viii. 321; church organized by Pomeranus, 322

Lucas, elder of the Hussites, vii. 418, 420

Ludovico, attendant of the legate at Ratisbon, imprisoned for a calumny against Bishop Gardiner, viii. 159

Luft, Hans, Marburg printer, publishes writings of Tyndale, vi. 30; his illness at Wittenberg, 36

Lugrin, Sieur de, at castle of Gingins, lies in wait for Swiss auxiliaries, v. 333; battle of Gingins, 335 sqq.

Lullin, Jean, i. 233; insults the servants of duke of Savoy, 233; resists claims of the duke, 267, 270, 276; returns to Geneva, 290; rouses the citizens, 290-292; envoy to Switzerland, ii. 381; again, 415; assailed by Mamelukes, iii. 449; iv. 187, 188, 195; envoy to Berne, 309; to Lucerne, 343; v. 315; a leader of opposition, vi. 340; elected syndic, 361; one of the delegates to Berne, 512; signs a treaty, 513; refuses to go again, 514; arrested, liberated on bail, 516; his flight, 518; sentenced to death, 518

Lullin, Pierre, v. 411, 412

Lullin, Sire de, governor of the Pays de Vaud, v. 341; at Coppet, arrests Claude Savoie, 341; his schemes, 342; meets fugitives from battle of Gingins, 344; invites Maisonneuve to treat for peace, 352; imprisons the envoys at Chillon, 353; prepares for blockade of Geneva, 358; orders seizure of Maisonneuve, 363

Lund, Archbishop of, arrested, vii. 217

Luther, i. 3, 103, 118, 120, 183, 201, 209; his influence at Geneva, 210, 216, 235, 237; his starting-point, 319, 332; his writings introduced at Strasburg, 339; prohibited in France, 342, 352, 374, 386, 388, 430; ii. 72, 94; opposes war, 96; and diplomacy, 98, 99; prevails, 101; opposes alliance of Francis I. and landgrave of Hesse, 222 sqq.; aversion of Chelius to, 261, 263, 408, 436; iii. 25, 49; a letter on the evil times, 147; organ of a new creation, 171; agreement of Luther and Calvin, 368; condemns divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 42; Lambert's esteem for, 93; on use of images, 102; conference with Melanchthon, iv. 383; writes to the elector, 384; has interview with him, 384, 386; opposes journey of Melanchthon to France, 387, 389; writes to Jonas, 389, 390, 410, 414, 454, 483; v. 80; his view of Henry VIII., 108; takes part in discussion with English divines at Wittenberg, 116; refuses concession, 117, 183, 292; his writings read in the schools of Paris, vi. 17; and proscribed in Scotland, 21; rumor of his death in Germany, 35; his illness, 36; receives sick persons into his house, 37; on marriage, 46; approves the confession of Basel, 325; greets Calvin, 462; again, 496; difference between wives of Luther and Calvin, 510; an originator of Reformation, vii. 114; invited by Christian II., 133; his letter to King Frederick on behalf of Christian II., 192, 221, 235; his letter to Gustavus Vasa, 318; his writings introduced in Hungary and condemned, 345; his letter to the Queen of Hungary, 362; receives emigrants from Hungary, 366; visited by Devay, 367; his reply to Hungarian pastors about Devay, 396; condemns the United Brethren, 418; receives deputation from them, 419; addresses to them his Worship of the Sacrament, 420; writes to the Calixtines, 421; receives deputation from Dantzic, 427; his advice to them, 428; ordinance against him published at Thorn, 430; his message to Christians of Livonia, 432, 484, 485, 486, 488, 494; interview with a Dutch illuminé, 505; writes to Antwerp Christians, 505, 506; read in Spain, viii. 3, 53; confers with Melanchthon and others on the Six Articles, 188, 189; his works read by Bugenhagen, 316; sale of his hymns at Magdeburg, 318; and at Brunswick, 319, 320; his sermons burnt at Lübeck, 321; intercourse with prince of Anhalt, 322; his letter to the princes, 326; to Duke George, 326; to Joachim, 327; intercourse with the duke of Pomerania, 328; his last visit to Eisleben, intercourse with the Counts of Mansfeld, 354, 355; illness and death, 355-358

Lutherans, in France, persecuted, i. 332; martyred, 333 sqq.; extirpation of, demanded by clergy, and refused by Francis I., 411; denounced by Duprat, 414; private meetings stopped, pastors seized, ii. 229, 230; burning of, decreed, 231; seizure of three hundred, 232; at Geneva, 385; post up a General Pardon, 463; increase of, 467; call themselves Evangelicals, 467; edict for extirpation of, by Francis I., iii. 140; at Geneva, agitation against, 367; the doctors condemn divorce of Henry VIII., iv. 42

Lutry, Canon, locks up the belfry, i. 307; meeting of canons at his house, 311; flight, 311; his house entered, 312

Lutry, in the Pays de Vaud, reformation at, vi. 267, 268

Lyndsay, Sir David, vi. 126, 127, 133; withdraws from the court, 168

Lyons, persecution at, i. 10; Geneva fairs transferred to, 26; visited by Francis I., 79; distribution of New Testaments from, 225; preaching of De la Croix at, ii. 236 sqq., 240; church of, iv. 268; inquisitional court at, 268; meeting of prelates at, vi. 479, 480

Lyra, Nicholas, iii. 332

Machiavelli, i. 199; ii. 146, 148, 157, 227

Machopolis, Stephen, preaches at Annonay, i. 430

Macrin, i. 363

Madeleine of Valois. [James V. of Scotland]

Madrid, Treaty of, i. 337, 412; vii. 520

Magdeburg, beginning of Reformation at, viii. 318

Magnus, papal legate in Sweden, vii. 257; his policy, 257; his advice to the king, 261; made primate, 262; becomes tolerant, 262; his embarrassment, 263; cites the reformers before the chapter of Upsala, 263; declares them excommunicated, 264; changes his policy, his ostentation, 270, 271; entertains the king, 272; demands the trial of Olaf, 273; cited before the king, 279; goes to Rome, 280

Maid of Kent, the, account of, v. 7 sqq.; appears before Henry VIII., 11; her threats, 11; a conspiracy, 13; arrested, 15; makes confession, 15; executed, 17

Maison-Neuve, Baudichon de la, Syndic of Geneva, i. 142, 205; welcomes the New Testament, 226, 256; imprisoned at Lyons, ii. 237; deputy to Berne, 307; influenced by Ab Hofen, 316, 332, 333; organizes 'funeral procession of the papacy,' 347, 462; posts up a General Pardon, 463, 467; visits Farel, iii. 277, 314; a zealous Protestant, 354; with Salomon goes to Berne, 363, 365; his friends assemble to defend him, 371; his daughter Micah, 381; gathering of Lutherans in his house, 385; his courage, 386; a prayer, 386; proposal to burn his house, 389; goes to Berne to oppose Du Crest, 403, 421; escapes from proscription, 441; at Berne, 443, 448; iv. 187; his Lutheranism, 187, 188; heads the Huguenots and compels the bishop to surrender his prisoners, 189; his success, 192; impetuosity, 196; has preaching in his house, 197; rescues Froment in the cathedral, 205; secures his escape from Geneva, 206; complains at Berne, 206, 207; his character, 209, 210; demands arrest of Furbity, 210; his house threatened by Catholics, 211; keeps order at Farel's preaching, 212; watches over him during the tournament, 226, 236, 241, 246; a baptism in his house, 248, 249; takes possession of the Grand Auditory at Rive for Farel's sermon, 252; at Frankfort, 256; at Lyons, 261; sells a reliquary, 261; his bold speaking, 262, 263; defends Renier, 264; hostility to, aroused, 265; again at Lyons, 266; arrested, 267; summoned before inquisitional court, 268; his trial, 269 sqq.; agitation in Geneva, 271; his brother's efforts, 271 sqq.; again examined, 273, 274; answer of the court to Bernese demand, 275; examined by inquisitors, 273, 289, 290; false witness, 292; enquiry continued, 293; placed in solitary confinement, 293; challenges the judges, 294; harshly treated, 296; confronted with Courtelier, 297; the bishop's accusation, 298; chooses to be tried in France, 299; intervention of Genevese magistrates, 299; final summons of the court, 300; pronounced heretical, 300; the sentence, 301; his liberation sought by Bernese, 322; liberated by order of Francis I., 328; restored to Geneva, 329; leader in campaign against idols, v. 289, 304; named captain-general, 318; leads troops to aid of Wildermuth, 346; invited by de Lullin to treat for peace, 351; sends envoys to Coppet, 352; returns to Geneva, 354; discovers treachery of his trumpeter, 356; pleads cause of Geneva in Switzerland, 362

Malbuisson, Jacques, iv. 312

Malbuisson, Jean de, i. 219

Malbuisson, Pierre de, i. 269; iii. 374; takes part in consultation for peace, 395; iv. 200, 208, 255

Malmoe, the Reformation at, vii. 157 sqq.; school of theology founded at, 169

Malvenda, Peter, viii. 102; his interviews with Juan Diaz at Ratisbon, 103, 104, 105; writes to De Soto, 105; interview with Alonzo Diaz, 108

'Mamelukes', a party name at Geneva, i. 89; organization of, 149, 150; go out to duke of Savoy, 167; plot with him, 168; draw up proscription list, 177; haggle with the headsman, 177; renounce alliance with Friburg, 179; conspire with the bishop at Troches, 184; come into power, 200; vote for withdrawal of appeal to the pope, 268; draw up proscription lists, 268; consent to withdraw appeal, 278; fawn on the duke, 279, 280; accept his sovereignty at 'council of halberds,' 287; oppose justification of fugitives, 295; dismissed from office, 301; conspiracy, 311; flight, 312, 313; their property sequestrated by the bishop, ii. 320; fugitives condemned to death, 355; join in attack on Geneva, 355; their plots against Lutherans, iii. 368 sqq.; arms of the flesh, 405; a council at the episcopal vicar's, 409; fight in the Molard, 415 sqq.; invite the bishop to return, 426; exiles forbidden to enter Geneva, 431; support absolute power of the bishop, 435; demand justice for Wernli's death, 448; their fanaticism, 448; their triumph, 461; alarmed at success of Lutherans, iv. 196; flight of, 318; brigandage, 319

Mandolla, procurator-fiscal, ii. 409; flies from Geneva, 410; imprisoned, 410; his release demanded by the bishop, 411; released, 429

Mannock, viii. 248, 249

Manrique, Don Alfonso de, archbishop of Seville, procures acquittal of D'Avila, viii. 17; his banishment and death, 18, 19

Marbeck, examined by Bishop Gardiner, viii. 265; vindicated by Cranmer and acquitted, 266

Marburg, publication of Tyndale's writings at, vi. 30; foundation of a university, 31; its inauguration, 32; its principles, 32, 33

Marcii, burnt at Toulouse, ii. 82

Marcourt, Antoine, pastor at Geneva, vi. 449, 450; with Morand at Berne, 452; leaves Geneva, vii. 2

Marcus Aurelius, i. 9

Marennes, Countess of, account of, v. 425

Marennes, Count of, v. 425, 428

Margaret of Angoulême (of Valois), Queen of Navarre, character and position of, i. 322; compared with Calvin, 322, 323; her desire for reformation, 326; journey to Spain, 326; nurses her brother, Francis I., 328; at Toledo, 329; fruitless appeals to Charles V., 329; before the council, 330 sqq.; admiration of Spaniards for her, 330; her acquirements and courage, 331; procures release of Berquin, 332; pleads for the exiles, 335; escapes arrest by flight from Spain, 336, 337; her influence over Francis I., 338; corresponds with Count Sigismund, 340; her scheme of reformation, 341; invites Count Sigismund to France, 341; intercedes for Berquin, 343 sqq.; courted by Henry d'Albret, 346; her first marriage, 346, 347, 352, 353 sqq.; her religious poems, 355; marriage schemes, 356; obtains release of the prisoners, 358; pleads for Toussaint, 359; receives refugees from Strasburg, 361, 362; goes to Paris, 364; receives Toussaint, 364; her hopes, 365, 368, 371; as a missionary, 372 sqq.; gets Berquin liberated, 377; her marriage, 378; prevents persecution of Lutherans, 411; at Fontainebleau, 413; birth of her daughter, 413; returns to Paris, 414; at Fontainebleau, 418; her Marguérites, 421 sqq.; her university of Bourges, ii. 23; her sorrows at court, 31; intercedes for Berquin, 34, 37, 40, 42; her Martyr's hymn, 46, 61; appeals to Bucer, 62; birth and death of her son, 64; at wedding of Francis I. and Eleanor, 65; her hymn 'The fountain,' 67; attends her mother's death-bed, 68 sqq.; protects Lefèvre, 68; her dream of reformation, 69, 71; revises her prayer-book, 73; invites Calvin into her service, 93; projects scheme of evangelical preaching, 113; opens a hall in the Louvre for Roussel, 114; her zeal, 114; her plan of reformation, 117; defamed, 120, 122; fury of the Sorbonne against her, 165; enemies at court, 166; her Mirror of the Sinful Soul, 166 sqq.; her tales of the monks, 170 sqq.; seizure of the Mirror by the Sorbonne, 172; violence of the monks, 172; corresponds with Montmorency, 173; her book prohibited, 173; satirized in the priests' comedy, 174; interview with Calvin, 205; retires to Béarn, 213; pleads for Lutherans, 234; returns to Paris, 238; her ambition, 238, 247; visit of Baduel to, 258 sqq.; at Nérac, iii. 20 sqq.; interested in Calvin, 25; at Pau, 26; secret observance of the Lord's Supper, 27; her mystery, The Nativity, represented, 29 sqq.; her alarm about the placards, 114; intervenes for Roussel, 115; leaves Paris, 115; recalled, 116; her scheme of compromise, 116; procures liberation of her preachers, 124; sends Baduel to Melanchthon, iv. 368; v. 119, 120; procures a bishopric for Roussel, 438

Margaret of Austria, Governess of the Netherlands, vii. 486; her reply to doctors of Louvain, 486; carries out edict of persecution, 488; present at suppression of Augustinian convent, 499, 518; her views of reform, 518; her death, 529

Margaret, widow of James IV. of Scotland, regent for her son, vi. 9; marries Angus, 15; appeals to Henry VIII. for aid against Albany, 20; desires a divorce, 22; conspires with Beatoun against Angus, 23; flies from Stirling, 24; returns to Holyrood, 27; quarrels with James V., 106; her death, 137

Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, joins conspiracy against Henry VIII., v. 14; arrested, viii. 152

Marot, Clement, arrested, i. 332; liberated, 358; escapes to Italy, iii. 122; writes to Francis I., 140; iv. 370; at Ferrara, v. 426, 428; ordered to leave Ferrara, 443

Marquina, delegate to conference of Ratisbon, his interview with De Soto, viii. 106; returns to Rome, 106; reports heresy of Juan Diaz to Alonzo, 106

Marriage of priests discussed, ii. 293

Marseilles, meeting of Clement VII. and Francis I. at, ii. 192; iv. 167

Martin V., Pope, i. 19; twice nominates a prince-bishop of Geneva, 20

Martin of Kalmance, vii. 367; umpire with Dr. Adrian at conference of Schässburg, 384; their embarrassment, 385; goes to Wittenberg, 393; colleague of Devay at Debreczin, 398; his characteristics, 398; assassinated by a priest, 398

Marty, Councillor of Friburg, receives Berthelier, i. 85; at Geneva, 136; again sent to Geneva, 170; his interview with duke Charles, 170; his advice to the Council, 171, 172; remonstrates with the duke, 178, 181

Martyr, Peter, (Vermigli), iv. 427; parentage and early life of, 433; disinherited, enters a monastery, 433; character, 433, 434; begins to preach, 434; studies Hebrew, 435; called to Naples, 435, 461; search after truth, 461; his preaching, 462; his audience, 463

Martyr, Peter, of Anghiera, iv. 455; viii. 2, 3

Martyrs, youthful, i. 347 sqq.; ii. 45; a hymn, 46; at Paris, iii. 118 sqq.; 136, 141, 182; effects of deaths of, iv. 111; Roman as well as Protestant, v. 52; multitude of, in the 16th century, viii. 124; heroes of the conscience, 125

Mary, Princess, of England, refuses to renounce her title, v. 111; Cranmer's intercession for her, 111; separated from her mother, 111; Anne Boleyn asks pardon of her, 162; restored to favor, 178

Mary, queen of Scots, her birth, vi. 149; marriage of, to Edward of England projected by Henry VIII., 157; the treaty concluded, 165; failure of the scheme, 171; her coronation, 175

Mary, Regent of the Netherlands, iv. 163; v. 221; her marriage with Louis II. of Hungary, vii. 344; her character, 344, 345; her coronation, 348; her distress after Mohacz, 362; consoled by Luther, 362; appointed Governess of the Netherlands, 364, 529; the pope's complaint of her to the emperor, 529; difficulty of her position at Brussels, 530; inconsistencies, 530; appoints Peter Alexander her chaplain, viii. 86; favors marriage of Henry VIII. with duchess of Milan, 174

Mary of Lorraine, marries James V. of Scotland, vi. 109; left a widow, 150; resists scheme for marriage of her daughter Mary with Edward of England, 158; present at submission of Arran to the pope, 173; induces Bothwell to give up Wishart to the regent, 197

Mass, The, views of Bucer and Melanchthon, ii. 269; massmongers, 290, 291; conversation on, iii. 48; Calvin exposes it, 53; the placards against, 94 sqq.; Lefèvre's Mass of Seven Points, 117; opinion of Francis I. on, iv. 400; suppressed at Geneva, v. 295, 297; Calvin on its evil influences, 432, 433; differences about, at Ferrara, 435

Masson, Peter, Waldensian, sent to Basel, iii. 247; conference with Œcolampadius, 247; executed at Dijon, 250; effect of his martyrdom, 252

Master, priest of Kent, instigates imposture of Maid of Kent, v. 8; before Star Chamber, confesses conspiracy, 15

Materialism, iii. 11, 12

Mathurin, Friar, appears before parliament of Paris, ii. 129; banished, 130; his departure, 133

Matthison, John, vii. 541; viii. 335; instigates expulsion of evangelicals from Munster, 339; exercises chief authority, 340; killed at siege of Munster, 341

Maurienne, bishop of, i. 78; sent by duke of Savoy to bribe Genevese patriots, 152, 158, 161, 212, 228; deputy to the duke about seizure of Levrier, 249; again, 250; attends 'council of halberds,' 286

Maximus, a Greek monk, revises Slave version of the Bible, vii. 432; confined in a convent, 433

Maxwell, Lord, vi. 144, 145; surrenders to the English, 146; set at liberty and sent with others to arrange marriage of Prince Edward with Mary, queen of Scots, 157; proposes a law giving freedom to read the Bible, 162

Mayence, Albert, archbishop of, iv. 386

Mayor, John, teaches philosophy at Paris, vi. 17; teaches at Glasgow, 18; his doctrines, 18, 19; his De Jure Regni, 19; removes to St. Andrews, 19

Meaux, ii. 57

Mecklenburg, Albert, duke of, besieged in Copenhagen, vii. 215; submits to Christian III., 215

Medici, Giangiacomo, account of, v. 370; takes command of Savoyard troops against Geneva, 371; his flight before the Bernese, 381; letters to him seized by the Bernese, 384

Medici, Lorenzo de', i. 50

Medici, Lorenzo II., de', ii. 142

Medici, Cardinal de, iv. 173

Megander, at disputation of Lausanne, vi. 246; presides at synod of Lausanne, 314; his influence at Berne, 324; head of delegates to Basel, 325; opposes Kunz and Meyer, 326; opposes Bucer and Capito at synod of Berne, 329; his catechism revised by Bucer, 366; retires to Zurich, 367