Appendix

Appendix

ON ISSUS AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD, AS CONNECTED WITH THE WAR.

The exact battle-field of Issus cannot be certainly assigned, upon the evidence accessible to us. But it may be determined, within a few miles north or south; and what is even more important—the general features of the locality, as well as the preliminary movements of the contending armies, admit of being clearly conceived and represented.

That the battle was fought in some portion of the narrow space intervening between the eastern coast of the Gulf of Issus and the western flank of Mount Amanus—that Alexander’s left and Darius’s right, rested on the sea, and their right and left respectively on the mountain—that Darius came upon Alexander unexpectedly from the rear, thus causing him to return back a day’s march from Myriandrus, and to reoccupy a pass which he had already passed through and quitted—these points are clearly given, and appear to me not open to question. We know that the river Pinarus, on which the battle was fought, was at a certain distance south of Issus, the last town of Kilikia before entering Syria (Arrian, ii. 7. 2)—ἐς δὲ τὴν ὑστεραίαν προὐχώρει (Darius from Issus) ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν Πίναρον—Ritter erroneously states that Issus was upon the river Pinarus, which he even calls the Issus river (Erdkunde, Theil iv. Abth. 2. p. 1797-1806). We know also that this river was at some distance north of the maritime pass called the Gates of Kilikia and Assyria, through which Alexander passed and repassed.

But when we proceed, beyond these data (the last of them only vague and relative), to fix the exact battle-field, we are reduced to conjecture. Dr. Thirlwall, in an appendix to the sixth volume of his history, has collected and discussed very ably the different opinions of various geographers.

To those whom he has cited, may be added—Mr. Ainsworth’s Essay on the Cilician and Syrian Gates (in the Transactions of the Geographical Society for 1837)—Mützel’s Topographical Notes on the third book of Quintus Curtius—and the last volume of Ritter’s Erdkunde, published only this year (1855), ch. xxvii. p. 1778 seqq.

We know from Xenophon that Issus was a considerable town close to the sea—two days’ march from the river Pyramus, and one day’s march northward of the maritime pass called the Gates of Kilikia and Syria. That it was near the north-eastern corner of the Gulf, may also be collected from Strabo, who reckons the shortest line across Asia Minor, as stretching from Sinôpê or Amisus to Issus—and who also lays down the Egyptian sea as having its northern termination at Issus (Strabo, xiv. p. 677; xvi. p. 749). The probable site of Issus has been differently determined by different authors; Rennell (Illustrations of the Geography of the Anabasis, p. 42-48) places it near Oseler or Yusler; as far as I can judge, this seems too far distant from the head of the Gulf, towards the south.

In respect to the maritime pass, called the Gates of Kilikia and Syria, there is much discrepancy between Xenophon and Arrian. It is evident that, in Xenophon’s time, this pass and the road of march through it lay between the mountains and the sea,—and that the obstructions (walls blocking up the passage), which he calls insurmountable by force, were mainly of artificial creation. But when Alexander passed, no walls existed. The artificial obstructions had disappeared during the seventy years between Xenophon and Alexander; and we can assign a probable reason why. In Xenophon’s time, Kilikia was occupied by the native prince Syennesis, who, though tributary, maintained a certain degree of independence even in regard to the Great King, and therefore kept a wall guarded by his own soldiers on his boundary towards Syria. But in Alexander’s time, Kilikia was occupied, like Syria, by a Persian satrap. Artificial boundary walls, between two conterminous satrapies under the same master, were unnecessary; and must even have been found inconvenient, during the great collective military operations of the Persian satraps against the revolted Evagoras of Cyprus (principally carried on from Kilikia as a base, about 380 B. C., Diodor. xv. 2)—as well as in the subsequent operations against the Phenician towns (Diodor. xvi. 42). Hence we may discern a reason why all artificial obstructions may have been swept away before the time of Alexander; leaving only the natural difficulties of the neighboring ground, upon which Xenophon has not touched.

The spot still retained its old name—“The Gates of Kilikia and Syria”—even after walls and gates had been dispensed with. But that name, in Arrian’s description, designates a difficult and narrow point of the road over hills and rocks; a point which Major Rennell (Illustrations, p. 54) supposes to have been about a mile south of the river and walls described by Xenophon. However this may be, the precise spot designated by Xenophon seems probably to be sought about seven miles north of Scanderoon, near the ruins now known as Jonas’s Pillars (or Sakal Tutan), and the Castle of Merkes, where a river called Merkes, Mahersy, or Kara-su, flows across from the mountain to the sea. That this river is the same with the Kersus of Xenophon, is the opinion of Rennell, Ainsworth, and Mützel; as well as of Colonel Callier, who surveyed the country when accompanying the army of Ibrahim Pacha as engineer (cited by Ritter, Erdk. p. 1792). At the spot here mentioned, the gulf indents eastward, while the western flank of Amanus approaches very close to it, and drops with unusual steepness towards it. Hence the road now followed does not pass between the mountain and the sea, but ascends over a portion of the mountain, and descends again afterwards to the low ground skirting the sea. Northward of Merkes, the space between the mountain and the sea gradually widens, towards Bayas. At some distance to the north of Bayas occurs the river now called Delle Tschai, which is considered I think with probability, to be the Pinarus, where the battle between Alexander and Darius was fought. This opinion however is not unanimous; Kinneir identifies the Merkes with the Pinarus. Moreover, there are several different streams which cross the space between Mount Amanus and the sea. Des Monceaux notices six streams as having been crossed between the Castle of Merkes and Bayas; and five more streams between Bayas and Ayas (Mützel ad Curtium, p. 105). Which among these is the Pinarus, cannot be settled without more or less of doubt.

Besides the Gates of Kilikia and Syria, noted by Xenophon and Arrian in the above passages, there are also other Gates called the Amanian Gates, which are spoken of in a perplexing manner. Dr. Thirlwall insists with propriety on the necessity of distinguishing the maritime passes, between Mount Amanus and the sea—from the inland passes, which crossed over the ridge of Mount Amanus itself. But this distinction seems not uniformly observed by ancient authors, when we compare Strabo, Arrian, and Kallisthenes. Strabo uses the phrase, Amanian Gates, twice (xiv. p. 676; xvi. p. 751); in both cases designating a maritime pass, and not a pass over the mountain,—yet designating one maritime pass in the page first referred to, and another in the second. In xiv. p. 676—he means by αἱ Ἀμανίδες πύλαι, the spot called by modern travellers Demir Kapu, between Ægæ and Issus, or between Mopsuestia and Issus; while in xvi. 751—he means by the same words that which I have been explaining as the Gates of Kilikia and Syria, on the eastern side of the Gulf of Issus. In fact, Strabo seems to conceive as a whole the strip of land between Mount Amanus and the Gulf, beginning at Demir Kapu, and ending at the Gates of Kilikia and Syria—and to call both the beginning and the end of it by the same name—the Amanian Gates. But he does not use this last phrase to designate the passage over or across Mount Amanus; neither does Arrian; who in describing the march of Darius from Sochi into Kilikia, says (ii. 7, 1)—ὑπερβαλὼν δὴ τὸ ὄρος Δαρεῖος τὸ κατὰ τὰς πύλας τὰς Ἀμανικὰς καλουμένας, ὡς ἐπὶ Ἴσσον προῆγε, καὶ ἐγένετο κατόπιν Ἀλεξάνδρου λαθών. Here, let it be observed, we do not read ὑπερβαλὼν τὰς πύλας—nor can I think that the words mean, as the translator gives them—“transiit Amanum, eundo per Pylas Amanicas.” The words rather signify, that Darius “crossed over the mountain where it adjoined the Amanian Gates”—i. e. where it adjoined the strip of land skirting the Gulf, and lying between those two extreme points which Strabo denominates Amanian Gates. Arrian employs this last phrase more loosely than Strabo, yet still with reference to the maritime strip, and not to a col over the mountain ridge.

On the other hand, Kallisthenes (if he is rightly represented by Polybius, who recites his statement, not his words, xii. 17) uses the words Amanian Gates to signify the passage by which Darius entered Kilikia—that is, the passage over the mountain. That which Xenophon and Arrian call the Gates of Kilikia and Syria—and which Strabo calls Amanian Gates—is described by Polybius as τὰ στενὰ, καὶ τὰς λεγομένας ἐν τῇ Κιλικίᾳ πύλας.

It seems pretty certain that this must have been Darius’s line of march, because he came down immediately upon Issus, and then marched forward to the river Pinarus. Had he entered Kilikia by the pass of Beylan, he must have passed the Pinarus before he reached Issus. The positive grounds for admitting a practicable pass near the 37th parallel, are indeed called in question by Mützel (ad Curtium, p. 102, 103), and are not in themselves conclusive; still I hold them sufficient, when taken in conjunction with the probabilities of the case. This pass was, however, we may suppose, less frequented than the maritime line of road through the Gates of Kilikia and Syria, and the pass of Beylan; which, as the more usual, was preferred both by the Cyreians and by Alexander.

Respecting the march of Alexander, Dr. Thirlwall here starts a question, substantially to this effect: “Since Alexander intended to march through the pass of Beylan for the purpose of attacking the Persian camp at Sochi, what could have caused him to go to Myriandrus, which was more south than Beylan, and out of his road?” Dr. Thirlwall feels this difficulty so forcibly, that in order to eliminate it, he is inclined to accept the hypothesis of Mr. Williams, which places Myriandrus at Bayas, and the Kiliko-Syrian Gates at Demir-Kapu; an hypothesis which appears to me inadmissible on various grounds, and against which Mr. Ainsworth (in his Essay on the Cilician and Syrian Gates) has produced several very forcible objections.

I confess that I do not feel the difficulty on which Dr. Thirlwall insists. When we see that Cyrus and the Ten Thousand went to Myriandrus, in their way to the pass of Beylan, we may reasonably infer that, whether that town was in the direct line or not, it was at least in the usual road of march—which does not always coincide with the direct line. But to waive this supposition, however—let us assume that there existed another shorter road leading to Beylan without passing by Myriandrus—there would still be reason enough to induce Alexander to go somewhat out of his way, in order to visit Myriandrus. For it was an important object with him to secure the sea ports in his rear, in case of a possible reverse. Suppose him repulsed and forced to retreat—it would be a material assistance to his retreat, to have assured himself beforehand of Myriandrus as well as the other seaports. In the approaching months, we shall find him just as careful to make sure of the Phenician cities on the coast, before he marches into the interior to attack Darius at Arbela.

Farther, Alexander, marching to attack Darius, had nothing to gain by haste, and nothing to lose by coming up to Sochi three days later. He knew that the enormous Persian host would not try to escape; it would either await him at Sochi, or else advance into Kilikia to attack him there. The longer he tarried, the more likely they were to do the latter, which was what he desired. He had nothing to lose therefore in any way, and some chance of gain, by prolonging his march to Sochi for as long a time as was necessary to secure Myriandrus. There is no more difficulty, I think, in understanding why he went to Myriandrus, than why he went westward from Tarsus (still more out of his line of advance) to Soli and Anchialus.

It seems probable (as Rennell, p. 56, and others think), that the site of Myriandrus is now some distance inland; that there has been an accretion of new land and morass on the coast.

The modern town of Scanderoon occupies the site of Ἀλεξανδρεία κατ᾽ Ἴσσον, founded (probably by order of Alexander himself) in commemoration of the victory of Issus. According to Ritter (p. 1791), “Alexander had the great idea of establishing there an emporium for the traffic of the East with Europe, as at the other Alexandria for the trade of the East with Egypt.” The importance of the site of Scanderoon, in antiquity, is here greatly exaggerated. I know no proof that Alexander had the idea which Ritter ascribes to him; and it is certain that his successors had no such idea; because they founded the great cities of Antioch and Seleukeia (in Pieria), both of them carrying the course of trade up the Orontes, and therefore diverting it away from Scanderoon. This latter town is only of importance as being the harbor of Aleppo; a city (Berœa) of little consequence in antiquity, while Antioch became the first city in the East, and Seleukeia among the first: see Ritter, p. 1152.

END.

INDEX

Abantes, iii. 165.

Abdêra, the army of Xerxes at, v. 42.

Abrokomas, ix. 27, 31.

Abydos, march of Xerxes to, v. 28; revolt of, from Athens, viii. 94; Athenian victory at, over the Peloponnesians, viii. 110; Athenian victory over Pharnabazus at, viii. 121; Derkyllidas at, ix. 310 seq.; Anaxibius and Iphikrates at, ix. 369 seq.

Achæan origin affected by Spartan kings, ii. 11; league, xii. 391.

Achæans, various accounts of, i. 104, 105; effect of the Dorian occupation of Peloponnesus on, ii. 12; Homeric view of, ii. 12; of Phthiôtis and Peloponnesus, ii. 275; of Peloponnesus, ii. 284, 303.

Achæmenes, v. 96.

Achæus, i. 101, 199.

Achaia, ii. 269; towns and territory of, ii. 465 seq.; Epaminondas in, B. C. 367, x. 266; proceedings of the Thebans in B. C. 367, x. 268; alliance of, with Sparta and Elis, B. C. 365, x. 313.

Acharnæ, Archidamus at, vi. 131 seq.

Achelôus, i. 282.

Achillêis, the basis of the Iliad, ii. 175 seq.

Achillês, i. 291 seq., 297 seq.

Achradina, capture of, by Neon, xi. 157.

Acropolis at Athens, flight to, on Xerxes’s approach, v. 114; capture of by Xerxes, v. 117 seq.; visit of the Peisistratids to, after its capture by Xerxes, v. 118; inviolable reserve fund in, vi. 138 seq.

Ada, queen of Karia, xii. 94, 99.

Adeimantus, of Corinth, and Themistoklês, at Salamis, v. 122, 124.

Admêtus and Alkêstis, i. 113 seq.

Admêtus and Themisoklês, v. 283.

Adranum, Timoleon at, xi. 148, 156.

Adrastus, i. 256, seq., 268; iii. 34.

Adrastus, the Phrygian exile, iii. 152.

Adrumetum, captured by Agathokles, xii. 419.

Æa, i. 250 seq.

Æakid genealogy, i. 184 seq., 189.

Æakus, i. 184 seq.

Æêtês, i. 115; and the Argonauts, i. 231 seq.; and Circê, i. 251.

Ægæ, iii. 190.

Ægean, islands in, ii. 214; the Macedonian fleet master of, xii. 141.

Ægean islands, effect of the battle of Chæroneia on, xi. 504.

Ægeids at Sparta, ii. 361.

Ægeus, i. 205; death of, i. 221.

Ægialeus, i. 82.

Ægina, i. 184; war of, against Athens, at the instigation of the Thebans, iv. 171, 173, 315; submission of, to Darius, iv. 315; appeal of Athenians to Sparta against the Medism of, iv. 318; attempted revolution at, by Nikodromus, v. 47 seq.; from B. C. 488 to 481, v. 47, 48 seq., 53; and Athens, settlement of the feud between, v. 58; removal of Athenians to, on Xerxes’s approach, v. 108; Greek fleet at, in the spring of B. C. 479, v. 147; war of Athens against, B. C. 459, v. 321; subdued by Athens, v. 331; expulsion of the Æginetans from, by the Athenians, vi. 136; and Athens, B. C. 389, ix. 371 seq.; Gorgôpas in, ix. 373 seq.; Teleutias in, ix. 373, 376.

Æginæan scale, ii. 319 seq., 325; iii. 171.

Æqinetans, and Thebans, i. 184; and the hostages taken from them by Kleomenês and Leotychidês, v. 46 seq.; pre-eminence of, at Salamis, v. 145; at Thyrea, capture and death of, B. C. 424, vi. 366.

Ægistheus, i. 162 seq.

Ægospotami, battle of, viii. 217 seq.; condition of Athens and her dependencies after the battle of, viii. 223, 225, 227 seq.

Ægyptos, i. 87.

Æimnestus and Dionysius, x. 468.

Æneadæ at Skêpsis, i. 316.

Æneas, i. 293, 315 seq.

Ænianes, ii. 286.

Æolic Greeks in the Trôad, i. 335; emigration under the Pelopids, ii. 19; Kymê, custom at, in cases of murder, ii. 94 n.; and Doric dialects, ii. 335; cities in Asia, iii. 190 seq.; emigration, iii. 191, 193; establishments near Mount Ida, iii. 195.

Æolid line, the first, i. 107 seq.; the second, i. 112 seq.; the third, i. 119 seq.; the fourth, i. 123 seq.

Æolis, iii. 195; the subsatrapy of, and Pharnabazus, ix. 206 seq.

Æolus, i. 95 seq., 103.

Æpytus, i. 176.

Æschinês, at the battle of Tamynæ, xi. 342; proceedings of, against Philip, after his capture of Olynthus, xi. 366; early history of, xi. 366; as envoy of Athens in Arcadia, xi. 367; desire of, for peace, B. C. 347, xi. 368; and the embassies from Athens to Philip, xi. 381 seq., 406, 410, 413 seq., 422; and the motion of Philokrates for peace and alliance with Philip, xi. 391 seq.; fabrications of, about Philip, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412 seq.; visit of, to Philip in Phokis, xi. 422; justifies Philip after his conquest of Thermopylæ, xi. 425; corruption of, xi. 430 seq.; at the Amphiktyonic assembly at Delphi, B. C. 359, xi. 470 seq.; on the special Amphiktyonic meeting at Thermopylæ, xi. 479; conduct of, after the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 506; accusation against Ktesiphon by, xii. 286 seq.; exile of, xii. 293 seq.

Æschylus, Promêtheus of, i. 78, 381 n.; his treatment of mythes, i. 379 seq.; Sophoklês, and Euripidês, viii. 317 seq.

Æsculapius, i. 178 seq.

Æsôn, death of, i. 114.

Æsymnête, iii. 19.

Æthiopis of Arktinus, ii. 156.

Æêthlius, i. 99.

Ætna, foundation of the city of, v. 229; second city of, v. 236; reconquered by Duketius, vii. 123; conquest of, by Dionysius, x. 468; Campanians of, x. 497.

Ætolia, legendary settlement of, i. 137; expedition of Demosthenes against, vi. 296 seq.

Ætolian genealogy, i. 138.

Ætolians, ii. 290; rude condition of, ii. 292; emigration of, into Peloponnesus, ii. 325 seq.; and Akarnanians, iii. 411; and Peloponnesians under Eurylochus attack Naupaktus, xi. 291; contest and pacification of, with Antipater, xii. 332; Kassander’s attempt to check, xii. 370.

Ætolo-Eleians and the Olympic games, ii. 317.

Ætôlus, i. 102, 103; and Oxylus, i. 153.

Africa, circumnavigation of, by the Phenicians, iii. 283 seq.; expedition of Agathokles to, against Carthage, xii. 410 seq., 444.

Agamêdês and Trophonius, i. 129.

Agamemnôn, pre-eminence of, i. 154 seq., 161 seq., 163; and Orestes transferred to Sparta, i. 165; and the Trojan expedition, i. 289, 293.

Agaristê and Megaklês, iii. 38.

Agasias, ix. 145, 147 seq.

Agathokles, first rise of, xii. 397; distinction of, in the Syracusan expedition to Kroton, xii. 398; retires from Syracuse to Italy, xii. 398; exploits of, in Italy and Sicily, about B. C. 320, xii. 285; first ascendency of, at Syracuse, xii. 399; his readmission to Syracuse, xii. 400; massacres the Syracusans, xii. 401 seq.; constituted despot of Syracuse, xii. 402; his popular manners, and military success, xii. 404 seq.; and the Agrigentines, xii. 404, 406, 407; and Deinokrates, xii. 407, 440, 446 seq.; massacre at Gela by, xii. 408; defeat of, at the Himera, xii. 409; expedition of, to Africa, xii. 410 seq., 444; capture of Megalêpolis and Tunês by, xii. 414; victory of, over Hanno and Bomilkar, xii. 416 seq.; operations of, on the eastern coast of Carthage, xii. 419 seq.; mutiny in the army of, at Tunês, xii. 426; in Numidia, xii. 427; and Ophellas, xii. 427, 431 seq.; capture of Utica by, xii. 436; goes from Africa to Sicily, B. C. 306-305, xii. 438, 439; in Sicily, B. C. 306-305, xii. 439 seq.; returns from Sicily to Africa, where he is defeated by the Carthaginians, xii. 441; deserts his army at Tunês, and they capitulate, xii. 443, 444; barbarities of, at Egesta and Syracuse, after his African expedition, xii. 445; operations of, in Liparæ, Italy, and Korkyra, xii. 448; last projects and death of, xii. 449 seq.; genius and character of, xii. 450 seq.

Agavê and Pentheus, i. 261 seq.

Agêma, Macedonian, xii. 63.

Agên, the satiric drama, xii. 296 and n. 2.

Agenôr and his offspring, i. 257.

Agesandridas, viii. 71, 74 seq.

Agesilaus, character of, ix. 242, 246, 280; nomination of, as king, ix. 244 seq.; popular conduct and partisanship of, ix. 246; expedition of, to Asia, B. C. 397, ix. 257 seq.; humiliation of Lysander by, ix. 260 seq.; Tissaphernes breaks the truce with, ix. 261; attacks of, on the satrapy of Pharnabazus, ix. 261, 273 seq.; his enrichment of his friends, ix. 262; humanity of, ix. 263; naked exposure of Asiatic prisoners by, ix. 265 seq.; at Ephesus, ix. 266; victory of, near Sardis, ix. 267; negotiations of, with Tithraustes, ix. 269; appointed to command at sea and on land, ix. 269, 271; efforts of, to augment his fleet, ix. 273; and Spithridates, ix. 274; and Pharnabazus, conference between, ix. 277 seq.; large preparations and recall of, from Asia, ix. 280, 286, 308 seq.; relations of Sparta with her neighbors and allies after the accession of, ix. 284; on the northern frontier of Bœotia, ix. 312; victory of, at Koroneia, ix. 313 seq.; and Teleutias, capture of the Long Walls at Corinth, and of Lechæum by, ix. 339 seq.; capture of Peiræum and Œnoê by, ix. 344, 345 seq.; and the Isthmian festival, ix. 344; and the envoys from Thebes, ix. 346, 352; and the destruction of the Lacedæmonian mora by Iphikrates, ix. 348, 352; expedition of, against Akarnania, ix. 354; and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 385 seq.; miso-Theban sentiment of, x. 28, 34; his defence of Phœbidas, x. 62; subjugation of Phlius by, x. 70 seq.; and the trial of Sphodrias, x. 100; expeditions of, against Thebes, x. 127 seq.; and Epaminondas, at the congress at Sparta, B. C. 371, x. 170; and the re-establishment of Mantinea, x. 205 seq.; feeling against, at Sparta, B. C. 371, x. 207; march of, against Mantinea, x. 211 seq.; vigilant defence of Sparta by, against Epaminondas, x. 221, 330; in Asia, B. C. 366, x. 294, 296; in Egypt, x. 362 seq., and the independence of Mêssêne, x. 360; death and character of, x. 363 seq.

Agesipolis, ix. 356 seq.; x. 35 seq., 67, 70.

Agêtus and Aristo, iv. 326.

Agis II., invasion of Attica by, B. C. 425, vi. 313; advance of, to Leuktra, B. C. 419, vii. 64; invasion of Argos by, vii. 71 seq.; retirement of, from Argos, vii. 74 seq.; at the battle of Mantinea, B. C. 418, vii. 81 seq.; invasion of Attica by, vii. 288, 353; movements of, after the Athenian disaster in Sicily, vii. 364; applications from Eubœa and Lesbos to, B. C. 413, vii. 365; overtures of peace from the Four Hundred to, viii. 44; repulse of, by Thrasyllus, viii. 128; fruitless attempt of, to surprise Athens, viii. 156; invasions of Elis by, ix. 225 seq.; death of, ix. 241.

Agis III., ii. 387 seq., 127, 281 seq.

Aglaurion, v. 117 n.

Agnonides, xii. 351.

Agones and festivals in honor of gods, i. 51.

Agora, Homeric, ii. 67 seq.; and Boulê, ii. 75.

Agoratus, viii. 235, 240.

Agrigentine generals, accusation and death of, x. 427.

Agrigentines, and Agathokles, xii. 404, 406, 425; defeat of, by Leptines and Demophilus, xii. 440; defeat of, by Leptines, xii. 441.

Agrigentum, iii. 366; Phalaris of, iv. 378, v. 204; and Syracuse, before B. C. 500, v. 205; prisoners sent to, after the battle of Himera, v. 225; and Syracuse, B. C. 446, vii. 126; after the Theronian dynasty, vii. 127; and Hannibal’s capture of Selinus, x. 408; defensive preparations at, against Hannibal and Imilkon, x. 422; strength, wealth, and population of, B. C. 406, x. 423 seq.; blockade and capture of, by the Carthaginians, x. 425 seq.; complaints against the Syracusan generals at, x. 427, 431, 433 seq.; declaration of, against Dionysius, xi. 6; Timoleon and the fresh colonization of, xi. 187; siege of, by Agathokles, xii. 406.

Agylla, plunder of the temple at, xi. 25.

Agyrium, Dionysius and Magon at, ix. 7.

Agyrrhius, ix. 368.

Ajax, son of Telamôn, i. 187, 299.

Ajax, son of Oïleus, i. 189, 305, 310.

Akanthus, iv. 25; march of Xerxes to, v. 43; induced by Brasidas to revolt from Athens, vi. 406 seq.; speech of Brasidas at, ix. 193 seq.; opposition of, to the Olynthian confederacy, x. 52 seq., 57.

Akarnan and Amphoterus, i. 282.

Akarnania, Demosthenês in, B. C. 426, vi. 296; expedition of Agesilaus against, ix. 354.

Akarnanians, ii. 292 seq., iii. 407 seq.; and Athens, alliance between, vi. 120; under Demosthenês save Naupaktus, vi. 303; and Amphilochians, pacific treaty of, with the Ambrakiots, vi. 311.

Akastus, wife of, and Pêleus, i. 114.

Akesines, crossed by Alexander, xii. 230.

Akræ in Sicily, iii. 366.

Akragas, iii. 366.

Akrisois, Danaê and Perseus, i. 89 seq.

Akrotatus, xii. 404.

Aktæôn, i. 260.

Aktê, Brasidas in, vi. 421.

Akusilaus, his treatment of mythes, i. 390.

Alæsa, foundation of, x. 469.

Alalia, Phokæan colony at, iv. 205.

Alazônes, iii. 239.

Alcyone and Kêyx, i. 135.

Alêtês, ii. 9.

Aleus, i. 176.

Alexander of Macedon, and Greeks at Tempê, on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 69; embassy of, to Athens, v. 150 seq.; and the Athenians before the battle of Platæa, v. 151.

Alexander the Great, his visit to Ilium, i. 326, xii. 69; successors of, and Ilium, i. 326; comparison between the invasion of, and that of Xerxes, v. 240; birth of, xi. 241; at the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 500; quarrels of, with his father, xi. 513, xii. 3; accession of, xi. 517, xii. 1, 7; character, education, and early political action of, xii. 2 seq.; uncertain position of, during the last year of Philip, xii. 5; Amyntas put to death by, xii. 8; march of, into Greece, B. C. 336, xii. 11; chosen Imperator of the Greeks, xii. 13; convention at Corinth under, B. C. 336, xii. 13; authority claimed by, under the convention at Corinth, xii. 15; violations of the convention at Corinth by, xii. 16 seq.; expedition of, into Thrace, xii. 22 seq., 25, n.; embassy of Gauls to, xii. 26; victories of, over Kleitus and the Illyrians, xii. 27 seq.; revolt of Thebes against, xii. 29 seq.; march of, from Thrace to Thebes, xii. 36; capture and destruction of Thebes by, xii. 37 seq.; demands the surrender of anti-Macedonian leaders at Athens, xii. 45; at Corinth, B. C. 335, xii. 48; and Diogenes, xii. 48; reconstitution of Bœotia by, xii. 48; Grecian history a blank in the reign of, xii. 50; connection of his Asiatic conquests with Grecian history, xii. 50, 179 seq.; Pan-Hellenic pretences of, xii. 51; analogy of his relation to the Greeks with those of Napoleon to the Confederation of the Rhine, xii. 51, 52 n.; military endowments of, xii. 52; military changes in Greece during the sixty years before the accession of, xii. 53 seq.; measures of, before going to Asia, xii. 67; his march to the Hellespont and passage to Asia, xii. 69, 78; analogy of, to the Greek heroes, xii. 71; review of his army in Asia, xii. 72; Macedonian officers of his army in Asia, xii. 73; Greeks in his service in Asia, xii. 74; defensive preparation of Darius against, xii. 76; victory of, at the Granikus, xii. 81 seq.; submission of the Asiatics to, after the battle of the Granikus, xii. 89; and Mithrines, xii. 90, 207; capture of Ephesus by, xii. 90; capture of Miletus by, xii. 92 seq.; debate of, with Parmenio at Miletus, xii. 92; disbands his fleet, xii. 94; capture of Halikarnassus by, xii. 94 seq.; conquest of Lykia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia by, xii. 99; at Kelænæ, xii. 101; cuts the Gordian knot, xii. 104; refuses to liberate the Athenians captured at the Granikus, xii. 105; subjugation of Paphlagonia and Kappadokia by, xii. 111; passes Mount Taurus and enters Tarsus, xii. 111 seq.; operations of, in Kilikia, xii. 113; march of, from Kilikia to Myriandrus, xii. 114; return of, from Myriandrus, xii. 117; victory of, at Issus, xii. 118 seq.; his courteous treatment of Darius’s mother, wife and family, xii. 124, 153; his treatment of Greeks taken at Damascus, xii. 129; in Phœnicia, xii. 130 seq., 150; his correspondence with Darius, xii. 130, 140; siege and capture of Tyre by, xii. 132 seq.; surrender of the princes of Cyprus to, xii. 138; his march towards Egypt, xii. 141, 142, 145; siege and capture of Gaza by, xii. 142 seq.; his cruelty to Batis, xii. 145; in Egypt, xii. 146 seq.; crosses the Euphrates at Thapsakus, xii. 150; fords the Tigris, xii. 151; continence of, xii. 158 n. 2; victory of, at Arbela, xii. 155 seq.; surrender of Susa and Babylon to, xii. 168; his march from Susa to Persepolis, xii. 171; at Persepolis, xii. 172 seq.; subjugation of Persis by, xii. 177; at Ekbatana, xii. 181, 246 seq.; sends home the Thessalian cavalry, xii. 181; pursues Darius into Parthia, xii. 181 seq.; disappointment of, in not taking Darius alive, xii. 186; Asiatizing tendencies of, xii. 188, 215, 267; at Hekatompylus, xii. 187; in Hyrkania, xii. 188; his treatment of the Grecian mercenaries and envoys with Darius, xii. 188, 189; in Aria and Drangiana, xii. 189 seq., 200; Parmenio and Philotas put to death by, xii. 190 seq.; in Gedrosia, xii. 200, 236; foundation of Alexandria ad Caucasum by, xii. 200; in Baktria and Sogdiana, xii. 201 seq.; and Bessus, 12, 202, 208; massacre of the Branchidæ by, xii. 203 seq.; at Marakanda, xii. 204, 207 seq.; and the Scythians, xii. 206, 213; Kleitus killed by, xii. 208 seq., 213, 216 seq., 222 seq.; capture of the Sogdian rock and the rock of Choriênes by, xii. 214; and Roxana, xii. 214, 215; and Kallisthenes, conspiracy of royal pages against, xii. 221; reduces the country between Hindoo Koosh and the Indus, xii. 225 seq.; crosses the Indus and the Hydaspes, and defeats Porus, xii. 227 seq., 228 n. 2, and n. 1 page 229; conquests of, in the Punjab, xii. 227 seq.; refusal of his army to march farther, xii. 231; voyage of, down the Hydaspes and the Indus, xii. 234; wounded in attacking the Malli, xii. 234; posts on the Indus established by, xii. 235; his bacchanalian procession thro’ Karmania, xii. 236; and the tomb of Cyrus the Great, xii. 237; satraps of, xii. 239 seq.; discontents and mutiny of his Macedonian soldiers, xii. 241 seq.; Asiatic levies of, xii. 243; sails down the Pasitigris and up the Tigris to Opis, xii. 243; partial disbanding of his Macedonian soldiers by, xii. 245; preparations of, for the conquest and circumnavigation of Asia, xii. 245, 250; his grief for the death of Hephæstion, xii. 247, 253; extermination of the Kossæi by, xii. 248; his last visit to Babylon, xii. 248 seq.; numerous embassies to, B. C. 323, xii. 248; his sail on the Euphrates, xii. 250; his incorporation of Persians in the Macedonian phalanx, xii. 251; his despatch to Kleomenes, xii. 253; forebodings and suspicion of, at Babylon, xii. 253, 254 n. 3; illness and death of, xii. 254 seq.; rumored poisoning of, xii. 256 n. 2; sentiments excited by the career and death of, xii. 258 seq.; probable achievements of, if he had lived longer, xii. 259 seq.; character of, as a ruler, xii. 261 seq.; absence of nationality in, xii. 264; Livy’s opinion as to his chances, if he had attacked the Romans, xii. 260; unrivalled excellence of, as a military man, xii. 261; not the intentional diffuser of Hellenic culture, xii. 265 seq.; cities founded in Asia by, xii. 267; Asia not Hellenized by, xii. 269; increased intercommunication produced by the conquests of, xii. 272 seq.; his interest in science and literature, xii. 274; state of the Grecian world when he crossed the Hellespont, xii. 275; possibility of emancipating Greece during his earlier Asiatic campaigns, xii. 276; his rescript directing the recall of Grecian exiles, xii. 310 seq.; his family and generals, after his death, xii. 319 seq.; partition of the empire of, xii. 319, 337; list of projects entertained by, at the time of his death, xii. 320.

Alexander, son of Alexander the Great, xii. 333, 340, 342, 366, 367, 371.

Alexander, son of Polysperchon, xii. 366, 368, 369.

Alexander, son of Kassander, xii. 389.

Alexander, king of the Molossians, xii. 396 seq.

Alexander, son of Amyntas, x. 248, 249.

Alexander of Epirus, marriage of, xi. 515.

Alexander, the Lynkestian, xi. 517 seq.

Alexander of Pheræ, x. 248; expeditions of Pelopidas against, x. 248, 263, 303, 307 seq., 309 n. 3; seizure of Pelopidas and Ismenias by, x. 282 seq.; release of Pelopidas and Ismenias by, x. 285; subdued by the Thebans, x. 309 seq.; naval hostilities of, against Athens, x. 370; cruelties and assassination of, xi. 203 seq.

Alexandreia Trôas, i. 326.

Alexandria in Egypt, xii. 146; ad Caucasum, xii. 200; in Ariis, and in Arachosia, xii. 200 n. 4; ad Jaxartem, xii. 205, 206.

Alexandrine chronology from the return of the Herakleids to the first Olympiad, ii. 304.

Alexiklês, viii. 64, 67, 68.

Alkæus, Herodotus’s mistake about, iii. 155 n.; his flight from battle, iii. 199; opposition of, to Pittakus, iii. 199, iv., 90 seq.; collected works of, iv. 90 n. 4; subjective character of his poetry, i. 363.

Alkamenês, son of Têleklus, ii. 420.

Alkamenês, appointment of, to go to Lesbos, vii. 365; defeat and death of, vii. 369.

Alkestis and Admêtus, i. 113 seq.

Alketas, x. 139, 147 n., 153, xi. 54.

Alkibiades, reputed oration of Androkidês against, iv. 151, n. 3, vi. 7, n. 2; alleged duplication of the tribute-money of Athenian allies by, vi. 7, n. 2; at the battle of Delium, v. 397; education and character of, vii. 30 seq.; and Sokratês, vii. 35 seq.; conflicting sentiments entertained towards, vii. 40; attempts of, to revive his family tie with Sparta, vii. 42; early politics of, vii. 42; adoption of anti-Laconian politics by, vii. 43; attempt of, to ally Argos with Athens, B. C. 420, vii. 43; trick of, upon the Lacedæmonian envoys, vii. 46 seq.; display of, at the Olympic festival, vii. 53 seq., 59 n.; intra-Peloponnesian policy of, B. C. 419, vii. 62 seq.; expedition of, into the interior of Peloponnesus, B. C. 419, vii. 63; at Argos, B. C. 418, vii. 75, and B. C. 416, vii. 98; and Nikias, projected contention of ostracism between, vii. 104 seq.; his support of the Egestæan envoys at Athens, B. C. 416, vii. 146; and the Sicilian expedition, vii. 148, 152 seq., 160 seq.; attack upon, in connection with the mutilation of the Hermæ, vii. 175, 207 seq.; the Eleusinian mysteries and, vii. 175 seq., 211 seq.; viii. 150; plan of action in Sicily proposed by, vii. 191; at Messênê in Sicily, vii. 193; at Katana, vii. 193; recall of, to take his trial, vii. 195, 211 seq.; escape and condemnation of, vii. 211 seq., 235 n. 2; at Sparta, vii. 235 seq.; Lacedæmonians persuaded by, to send aid to Chios, vii. 367; expedition of, to Chios, vii. 370 seq.; revolt of Milêtus from Athens, caused by, vii. 375; order from Sparta to kill, viii. 2; escape of, to Tissaphernês, viii. 3; advice of, to Tissaphernês, viii. 3; acts as interpreter between Tissaphernês and the Greeks, viii. 5 seq.; oligarchical conspiracy of, with the Athenian officers at Samos, viii. 6 seq.; counter manœuvres of, against Phrynichus, viii. 12; proposed restoration of, to Athens, viii. 12, 13; negotiations of, with Peisander, viii. 15, 20 seq.; and the Athenian democracy at Samos, viii. 49 seq., 51, 52 seq.; at Aspendus, viii. 100; return of, from Aspendus to Samos, viii. 116; arrival of, at the Hellespont, from Samos, viii. 117; arrest of Tissaphernês by, viii. 120; escape of, from Sardis, viii. 120; and the Athenian fleet, at the Bosphorus, viii. 126; attack upon Chalkêdon by, viii. 126; occupation of Chrysopolis by, viii. 127; and Thrasyllus, at the Hellespont, viii. 130; capture of Chalkêdon by, viii. 132; and Pharnabazus, viii. 133; proceedings of, in Thrace and Asia, B. C. 407, viii. 144; return of, to Athens, B. C. 407, viii. 145 seq.; expedition of, to Asia, B. C. 407, viii. 150 seq.; dissatisfaction of the armament at Samos with, viii. 153; accusations against, at Athens, B. C. 407, viii. 153; alteration of sentiment towards, at Athens, B. C. 407, viii. 156 seq.; and Nikias, different behavior of the Athenians towards, viii. 158; dismissal of, from his command, B. C. 407, viii. 158; at Ægospotami, viii. 217; position and views of, in Asia, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 313 seq.; assassination of, viii. 314 seq.; character of, viii. 316 seq.

Alkidas, vi. 237, 239 seq., 266 seq.

Alkmæôn, i. 278 seq.

Alkmæônids, curse, trial, and condemnation of, iii. 82; proceedings of, against Hippias, iv. 120; rebuilding of Delphian temple by, iv. 121; false imputation of treachery on at the battle of Marathon, iv. 356; demand of Sparta for the expulsion of, vi. 97.

Alkman, iv. 77, 82, 85 seq.

Alkmênê, i. 91.

Allegorical interpretation of mythes, i. 418 seq., 425, 436.

Allegory rarely admissible in the interpretation of mythes, i. 2.

Alôids, the, i. 136.

Alos, sanguinary rites at, i. 125.

Althæa and the burning brand, i. 144.

Althæmenês, founder of Rhodes, ii. 30.

Althæmenês and Katreus, i. 224.

Alyattês and Kyaxarês, iii. 230; war of, with Milêtus, iii. 255 seq.; sacrilege committed by, iii. 256; long reign, death and sepulchre of, iii. 257.

Amaltheia, the horn of, i. 150.

Amanus, Mount, march of Darius to, xii. 115.

Amasis, iii. 328 seq.; death of, iv. 229.

Amasis and Polykratês, iv. 241.

Amastris, xii. 467 seq.

Amazons, legend of, i. 209 seq.

Ambrakia, iii. 404, 405.

Ambrakiots, attack of, upon Amphilokian Argos, vi. 180; attack of upon Akarnania, vi. 192 seq.; projected attack of, on Amphilochian Argos, vi. 302; defeat of, at Olpæ, vi. 304; Menedæus’s desertion of, vi. 305 seq.; Demosthenês’s victory over, vi. 307 seq.; pacific convention of, with the Akarnanians and Amphilochians, vi. 311.

Ambrysus, re-fortification of, xi. 494.

Ammon, Alexander’s visit to the oracle of, xii. 147.

Amnesty decreed by Solon, iii. 98; proposed by Patrokleidês, viii. 225; at Athens, B. C. 403, viii. 293, 299 seq.

Amompharetus, v. 174 seq.

Amorgês, vii. 375; capture of, vii. 388.

Amphiaraus, i. 272, 275.

Amphiktyon, i. 98, 99, 103.

Amphiktyonic assembly, i. 100, ii. 243 seq., xi. 241; condemnation of Sparta by, x. 202 seq.; accusation of Thebes against Sparta before, xi. 242; accusation of Thebes against Phokis before, xi. 243; resistance of Phokis to, xi. 244 seq.; sentence of, against the Phokians, and honors conferred upon Philip by, xi. 425, 429; at Delphi, B. C. 339, xi. 470 seq.

Amphiktyonies, or exclusive religious partnerships, ii. 243 seq., 248.

Amphiktyons, punishment of the Kirrhæans by, iv. 61; establishment of the Pythian games by, iv. 63; violent measures of, against the Amphissians, xi. 474 seq.

Amphiktyony at Kalauria, i. 133.

Amphilochian Argos, Eurylochus’s projected attack upon, vi. 302.

Amphilochians and Akarnanians, pacific treaty of, with the Ambrakiots, vi. 211.

Amphilochus, i. 278; wanderings of, i. 313.

Amphiôn and Zethus, i. 263 seq.; Homeric legend of, i. 257.

Amphipolis, foundation of, vi. 11 seq.; acquisition of, by Brasidas, vi. 406 seq.; proceedings of Brasidas in, vi. 420; policy of Kleon and Nikias for the recovery of, vi. 457 seq.; Kleon’s expedition against, vi. 462 seq.; topography of, vi. 464 seq.; battle of, vi. 471 seq.; negotiations for peace after the battle of, vi. 489; not restored to Athens, on the peace of, Nikias, vii. 4; neglect of, by the Athenians, vii. 104, xi. 215; claim of Athens to, x. 245 seq., 294; Iphikrates at, x. 251, 299; failure of Timotheus at, x. 301; nine defeats of the Athenians at, x. 302 n. 2; Kallisthenes at, x. 370; Philip renounces his claim to, xi. 212; siege and capture of, by Philip, xi. 232 seq.; Philip’s dealings with the Athenians respecting, xi. 235.

Amphissa, capture of, by Philip, xi. 497.

Amphissians, accusation of, against Athens, xi. 470 seq.; violent proceedings of the Amphiktyons against, xi. 473 seq.

Amphitryôn, i. 91.

Amphoterus and Akarnan, i. 283.

Amyklæ, ii. 327; conquest of, ii. 419.

Amykus, i. 169.

Amyntas, and the Peisistratids, iv. 19.

Amyntas, father of Philip, x. 48 seq., 243 seq.; and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 50, 56, 58, 65; and Iphikrates, x. 108; and Athens, x. 243, 245; death of, x. 243; assistance of Iphikrates to the family of, x. 250.

Amyntas, son of Antiochus, xii. 9, 116, 125.

Amyntas, son of Perdikkas, xii. 8.

Anaktorium, iii. 402 seq., vi. 360.

Anaphê, i. 240.

Anapus, crossing of, by Dion, xi. 91.

Anaxagoras, vi. 101.

Anaxandrides, bigamy of, ii. 386.

Anaxarchus of Abdera, xii. 213, 215, 217.

Anaxibius, ix. 150 seq., 156 seq.; in the Hellespont, ix. 369; death of, ix. 371 seq.

Anaxikratês, v. 335.

Anaxilaus, v. 211, 230.

Anaximander, iv. 381 seq.

Anaximenês of Lampsakus, i. 409.

Andokidês, reputed oration of, against Alkibiadês, iv. 151 n. 1, vi. 6 n. 1; de Mysteriis, iv. 123 n. 3; and the mutilation of, the Hermæ, vii. 196, 200 seq.

Androgeos, death of, i. 211.

Androklus, iii. 175.

Andromachê and Helenus, i. 305.

Andromachus, xi. 146.

Andrôn, story of, respecting Krête, ii. 29.

Andros, siege of, by Themistoklês, v. 141; siege of, by Alkibiadês and Konon, viii. 151.

Animals, worship of, in Egypt, iii. 319.

Ankæus, i. 177.

Antalkidas, embassy of, to Tiribazus, ix. 374 seq.; embassies of, to Persia, ix. 383, x. 157; in the Hellespont, ix. 384; the peace of, ix. 385 seq., x. 1 seq.

Antandrus, expulsion of Arsakes from, viii. 114; the Syracusans at, x. 386.

Ante-Hellenic inhabitants of Greece, ii. 261; colonies from Phœnicia and Egypt not probable, ii. 267.

Antênôr, i. 304, 315.

Antigonê, i. 276.

Antigonus and Perdikkas, xii. 334; and Eumenes, xii. 338; great power of, xii. 367; alliance of Kassander, Lysimachus and Ptolemy against, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387; measures of, against Kassander, xii. 369, 370; pacification of, with Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy, xii. 371; Roxana and her son Alexander put to death by, xii. 371; murders Kleopatra, sister of Alexander, xii. 372; Athenian envoys sent to, xii. 380; death of, xii. 387.

Antigonus Gonatas, xii. 390.

Antilochus, death of, i. 298.

Antimachus of Kolophon, i. 268.

Antiochus at Samos and Notium, viii. 152, 153.

Antiochus, the Arcadian, x. 280.

Antiopê, i. 257 seq.

Antipater, embassy of, from Philip to Athens, xi. 386, 387, 390, 397, 401; made viceroy of Macedonia, xii. 67, 68; and Olympias, xii. 68, 254; defeat of Agis by, xii. 284; submission of all Greece to, xii. 285; Grecian hostilities against, after Alexander’s death, xii. 313 seq.; and Kraterus, xii. 321 seq., 335; victory of, at Krannon, xii. 321, 322; terms imposed upon Athens by, xii. 324 seq.; remodels the Peloponnesian cities, xii. 332; contest and pacification of, with the Ætolians, xii. 332; made guardian of Alexander’s family, xii. 337; death of, xii. 338; last directions of, xii. 339.

Antipater, son of Kassander, xii. 389.

Antiphilus, xii. 319, 321.

Antiphon, viii. 18, 30 seq., 57 seq., 78 seq.

Antiquity, Grecian, a religious conception, i. 445; stripped of its religious character by chronology, i. 446.

Antisthenês, at Kaunus, vii. 397.

Antistrophê, introduction of, iv. 89.

Anytus, viii. 130, 242.

Aornos, rock of, xii. 225 n. 2, 227.

Apatê, i. 7.

Apaturia, excitement at the, after the battle of Arginusæ, viii. 193 seq.

Aphareus, i. 168, 169.

Apheidas, i. 176.

Aphepsion, and Mantitheus, vii. 200.

Aphetæ, Persian fleet at, v. 97, 98, 101.

Aphroditê, i. 5, 52.

Apis, i. 83.

Apodektæ, iv. 137.

Apollo, i. 10; legends of, i. 45 seq., 50; worship and functions of, i. 49 seq., iii. 168; and Laomedon, i. 57, 285; and Hermês, i. 59; types of, i. 61; and Admêtus, i. 113; and Korônis, i. 176; Sminthius, i. 337; evidence of the Homeric Hymn to, as to early Ionic life, iii. 168; temple of at Klarus, iii. 184; reply of Delphian to the remonstrance of Crœsus, iv. 189.

Apollodôrus, his genealogy of Hellên, i. 106 seq.

Apollodôrus and the Theôric fund, xi. 348.

Apollokratês, xi. 105, 107, 117.

Apollonia, iii. 402 seq.; and the Illyrians, iv. 6 seq.; and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 52.

Apollonides, xii. 142, 149.

Apriês, reign and death of, iii. 323 seq.

Apsyrtus, i. 238.

Arabia, Alexander’s projects with regard to, xii. 245, 250.

Arachosia, Alexander in, xii. 200.

Aradus, surrender of, to Alexander xii. 130.

Arbela, battle of, xii. 155 seq.

Arbitration at Athens, v. 354.

Arcadia, ii. 299; state of, B. C. 560, ii. 441 seq.; and Sparta, ii. 444 seq., v. 315; proceedings in, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 204 seq.; invasions of, by Archidamus, x. 265, 310 seq.; mission of Epaminondas to, x. 288; dissensions in, x. 322 seq.; embassy of Æschines to, xi. 368.

Arcadians, ii. 301, 433 seq; sympathy of, with Messenians, ii. 427; impulse of towards a Pan-Arcadian union, x. 208; application of, to Athens and Thebes, for aid against Sparta, x. 213; Epaminondas and the consolidation of, x. 215; energetic action and insolence of, x. 259 seq.; envoy to Persia from, x. 278, 280; protest of, against the headship of Thebes, x. 281; alliance of Athens with, x. 287; and Eleians, x. 314 seq., 323; occupation and plunder of Olympia by, x. 314, 320 seq.; celebration of the Olympic games by, x. 318 seq.; seizure of, at Tegea, by the Theban harmost, x. 324 seq.

Archagathus, xii. 438, 439, 443.

Archêgelês, Apollo, i. 50.

Archelaus, x. 46 seq.; siege of Pydna by, viii. 118.

Archeptolemus, viii. 84 seq.

Archias, œkist of Syracuse, iii. 363.

Archias, the Theban, x. 82, 85.

Archias, the Exile-Hunter, xii. 326 seq.

Archidamus II., speech of, against war with Athens, vi. 80 seq.; invasions of Attica by, vii. 126 seq., 152, 221; his expedition to Platæa, vi. 185 seq.

Archidamus III., invasions of Arcadia by, x. 265, 316 seq.; and the independence of Messênê, x. 291, 360; and Philomelus, xi. 254; expedition of, against Megalopolis, xi. 306; aid to the Phokians at Thermopylæ under, xi. 419, 421; xii. 281, 394.

Archilochus, i. 362; iv. 26, 73, 76 seq.

Archinus, decrees of, viii. 299, 308.

Architects at Athens, under Periklês, vi. 20.

Architecture, Grecian, between B. C. 600-550, iv. 98.

Archonides, x. 469.

Archons after Kodrus, iii. 49; the nine, iii. 75; judges without appeal till after Kleisthenês, iii. 129; effect of Kleisthenês’s revolution on, iv. 137 seq., 142 seq.; limited functions of, after the Persian war, v. 276; limitation of the functions of, by Periklês, v. 355, 358, 365.

Ardys, iii. 223.

Areopagus, senate of, iii. 73; and the Ephetæ, iii. 79; and the Eumenides of Æschylus, iii. 80 n.; powers of, enlarged by Solon, iii. 122; under the Solonian and Kleisthenean constitutions, iv. 141; in early Athens, v. 352 seq.; oligarchical tendencies of, v. 354; venerable character and large powers of, v. 359; at variance with the growing democratic sentiment, B. C. 480-460, v. 361; a centre of action for the oligarchical party, v. 361; power of, abridged by Periklês and Ephialtês, v. 366 seq.

Arês, i. 10.

Aretê, xi. 55, 56, 82, 129.

Argadeis, iii. 50.

Argæus and Philip, xi. 212.

Arganthonius and the Phokæans, iv. 199.

Argeian Demos, proceedings of, vii. 99.

Argeian genealogies, i. 81.

Argeians, attempts of, to recover Thyrea, ii. 447; defeat and destruction of, by Kleomenês, iv. 321; trick of, with their callendar, vii. 65; Epidaurus, vii. 69, 70, 88; at the battle within the Long Walls of Corinth, ix. 333; manœuvres of, respecting the holy truce, ix. 344; and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 387; and Mardonius, v. 157.

Argês, i. 5.

Argilus, acquisition of, by Brasidas, vi. 406 seq.

Arginusæ, battle of, viii. 173 seq.; recall, impeachment, defence, and condemnation of the generals at the battle of, viii. 181, 210; inaction of the Athenian fleet after the battle of, viii. 215.

Argô, the, i. 231.

Argonautic expedition, i. 231 seq.; monuments of, i. 241 seq.; how and when attached to Kolchis, i. 251; attempts to reconcile the, with geographical knowledge, i. 254 seq.; continued faith in, i. 255; Dr. Warton and M. Ginguené on the, i. 481 n.

Argos, rise of, coincident with the decline of Mykênæ, i. 165; occupation of, by the Dorians, ii. 6; and neighboring Dorians greater than Sparta, in 776 B. C., ii. 307; Dorian settlements in, ii. 308, 309, 311; early ascendency of, ii. 312, 320; subsequent decline of, ii. 321; acquisitions of Sparta from, ii. 448 seq.; military classification at, ii. 460; struggles of, to recover the headship of Greece, ii. 463 seq.; and Kleônæ, ii. 464; victorious war of Sparta against, B. C. 496-5, iv. 221 seq.; prostration of, B. C. 496-5, iv. 324; assistance of, to Ægina, v. 49; neutrality of, on the invasion of Xerxes, v. 64 seq.; position of, on its alliance with Athens about B. C. 461, v. 319 seq.; uncertain relations between Sparta and, B. C. 421, vii. 3; position of, on the peace of Nikias, vii. 11 seq.; the Thousand-regiment at, vii. 11; induced by the Corinthians to head a new Peloponnesian alliance, B. C. 421, vii. 13; joined by Matinea, vii. 14; joined by the Corinthians, vii. 17, 19; joined by Elis, vii. 19; refusal of Tegea to join, vii. 20; and Sparta, projected alliance between, vii. 24; and Bœotia, projected alliance between, vii. 24 seq.; conclusion of a fifty years’ peace between Sparta and, vii. 28 seq.; and Athens, alliance between, vii. 44, 51 seq.; embassy from, for alliance with Corinth, vii. 61; attack of, upon Epidaurus, vii. 65, 69; invasion of, by the Lacedæmonians and their allies, B. C. 418, vii. 71 seq.; Alkibiadês at, B. C. 418, vii. 75; political change at, through the battle of Mantinea, B. C. 418, vii. 89 seq.; treaty of peace between Sparta and, B. C. 418, vii. 92 seq.; alliance between Sparta and, B. C. 418, vii. 94; renounces alliance with Athens, Elis and Mantinea, vii. 94; oligarchical revolution at, vii, 96, 97; restoration of democracy at, vii. 100; renewed alliance of, with Athens, vii. 101; Alkibiadês at, B. C. 416, vii. 101; Lacedæmonian intervention in behalf of the oligarchy at, vii. 101, 102; envoys from, to the Athenian Demos at Samos, viii. 53; alliance of, with Thebes, Athens, and Corinth, against Sparta, ix. 284; consolidation of Corinth with, ix. 332; expedition of Agesipolis against, ix. 355 seq.; violent intestine feud at, x. 199 seq.

Argos, Amphilochian, capture of, by Phormio, vi. 121; attack of Ambrakiots on, vi. 180; Eurylochus’s projected attack upon, vi. 302.

Argus, destruction of Argeians in the grove of, iv. 321.

Aria, Alexander in, xii. 189.

Ariadnê, i. 220 seq.

Ariæus, flight of, after the battle of Kunaxa, ix. 47; and Klearchus, ix. 52, 54; and the Greeks after the battle of Kunaxa, ix. 54, 56, 62, 78.

Aridæus, Philip, xii. 319, 320, 334.

Ariobarzanes, intervention of, in Greece, x. 261; revolt of, x. 294 seq.; at the Susian Gates, xii. 171; death of, xii. 172.

Arion, iv. 78 seq.

Aristagoras and Megabatês, iv. 284; revolt of, iv. 285 seq., 292; application of, to Sparta, iv. 286 seq.; application of, to Athens, iv. 289; march of, to Sardis, iv. 290; desertion of the Ionic revolt by, iv. 296 seq.

Aristarchus, the Athenian, viii. 82.

Aristarchus, the Lacedæmonian, ix. 164 seq.

Aristeidês, constitutional change introduced by, iv. 145; character of, iv. 338 seq.; elected general, iv. 341; banishment of, by ostracism, v. 50; and Themistoklês, rivalry between, v. 50, 273; restoration of, from banishment, v. 110; joins the Greek fleet at Salamis, v. 130; slaughters the Persians at Psyttaleia, v. 136; equitable assessment of, upon the allied Greeks, v. 264 seq.; popularity of, after the Persian war, v. 278; death and poverty of, v. 289.

Aristeus, vi. 70, 73 seq. 182.

Aristo and Agêtus, iv. 326.

Aristocrats, Grecian, bad morality of, vi. 287.

Aristodêmus, ii. 2 seq.

Aristodêmus, king of Messenia, ii. 476.

Aristodêmus Malakus, iii. 359.

Aristodêmus, “the coward”, v. 94, 188.

Aristodêmus, the actor, xi. 373.

Aristodikus, iv. 201.

Aristogeitôn and Harmodius, iv. 111 seq.

Aristoklês and Hipponoidas, vii. 85, 89.

Aristokratês, king of Orchomenus, ii. 428, 437.

Aristokratês, the Athenian, vii. 368.

Aristomachê, x. 480.

Aristomenês, ii. 421, 428 seq.

Aristonikus of Methymna, xii. 142, 149.

Aristophanês, viii. 327; his reason for showing up Sokratês, viii. 408; his attack upon the alleged impiety of Sokratês, i. 400 n.; and Kleon, vi. 482 seq., 488.

Aristoteles the Spartan, xi. 2.

Aristotle on Spartan women, ii. 387; on the Spartan laws of property, ii. 408; meaning of the word Sophist in, viii. 354; formal logic of, viii. 429; novelties ascribed to Sokratês by, viii. 424; and Hermeias, xi. 441, 441 n.; instruction of Alexander by, xii. 3; and Alexander, political views of, compared, xii. 265 seq.

Aristoxenus, of Tarentum, xi. 154.

Aristus and Nikoteles, x. 466.

Arkas and Kallisto, i. 175.

Arkesilaus the Second, iv. 40; the Third, iv. 45 seq.

Arktinus, Æthiopis of, ii. 156.

Armenia, the Ten Thousand Greeks in, ix. 95 seq.

Armenus, i. 242.

Arnold, his edition of Thucydides, viii. 106 n.

Arrhibæus, vi. 400, 440, 443 seq.

Arrian on the Amazons, i. 216 seq.; conjecture of, respecting Geryôn, i. 249; on Darius’s plan against Alexander, xii. 110.

Arsakes at Antandrus, viii. 114.

Arsames, xii. 112.

Arsinoê, xii. 469 seq.

Arsites, xii. 78, 80.

Art, Grecian. iv. 98 seq.

Artabanus, v. 8 seq.

Artabazus, Xerxes’s general, siege of Potidæa and Olynthus by, v. 142; jealousy of, against Mardonius, v. 160; conduct of, at and after the battle of Platæa, v. 180, 182; and Pausanias, v. 254, 268.

Artabazus, satrap of Daskylium, xi. 230, 257, 300.

Artabazus, Darius’s general, xii. 183, 184, 188.

Artaphernês, satrap of Sardis, Hippias’s application to, iv. 277; and Histiæus, iv. 298, 309; proceedings of, after the conquest of Ionia, iv. 311; and Datis, Persian armament under, iv. 329; return of, to Asia, after the battle of Marathon, iv. 362.

Artaphernês, the Persian envoy, vi. 360 seq.

Artaxerxes Longimanus, v. 285 seq., vi. 361 seq.

Artaxerxes Mnemon, accession of, ix. 7; and Cyrus the Younger, viii. 312; ix. 7, 42 seq.; at Kunaxa, ix. 42 seq., 48, 52; death of, x. 366.

Artayktês, v. 198 seq.

Artemis, i. 10; worship of, in Asia, iii. 170.

Artemis Limnatis, temple of, ii. 424.

Artemisia, v. 119, 133, 139.

Artemisium, resolution of Greeks to oppose Xerxes at, v. 71; Greek fleet at, v. 79, 80, 97 seq.; sea-fight off, v. 99, 101; retreat of the Greek fleet from, to Salamis, v. 102.

Arthur, romances of, i. 476.

Artisans, at Athens, iii. 136 seq.

Arts, rudimentary state of, in Homeric and Hesiodic Greece, ii. 116.

Aryandes, Persian satrap of Egypt, iv. 47.

Asia, twelve Ionic cities in, iii. 172 seq.; Æolic cities in, iii. 190 seq.; collective civilization in, without individual freedom or development, iii. 303; state of, before the Persian monarchy, iv. 182; conquests of Cyrus the Great in, iv. 209; expedition of Greek fleet against, B. C. 478, v. 253; Alkibiadês in, viii. 144, 153 seq., 311 seq.; expedition of Timotheus to, x. 252, 294 seq.; Agesilaus in, x. 294, 296; measures of Alexander before going to, xii. 67; passage of Alexander to, xii. 69; review of Alexander’s army in, xii. 72; cities founded by Alexander in, xii. 267; Hellenized by the Diadochi, not by Alexander, xii. 269; how far really Hellenized, xii. 270.

Asia Minor, Greeks in, ii. 235; non-Hellenic people of, iii. 203, 205 seq.; features of the country of, iii. 205; Phrygian music and worship among Greeks in, iii. 212; predominance of female influence in the legends of, iii. 222; Cimmerian invasion of, iii. 245 seq.; conquest of, by the Persians, iv. 201; arrival of Cyrus the Younger in, viii. 135, 137.

Asia, Upper, Scythian invasion of, iii. 253.

Asiatic customs and religion blended with Hellenic in the Trôad, i. 338.

Asiatic Dorians, iii. 201, 202.

Asiatic frenzy grafted on the joviality of the Grecian Dionysia, i. 35.

Asiatic Greece, deposition of despots of, by Aristagoras, iv. 245.

Asiatic Greeks, conquest of, by Crœsus, iii. 259 seq.; state of, after Cyrus’s conquest of Lydia, iv. 198; application of, to Sparta, B. C. 546, iv. 199; alliance with, against Persia, abandoned by the Athenians, iv. 291; successes of Persians against, iv. 294; reconquest of, after the fall of Milêtus, iv. 306; first step to the ascendency of Athens over, v. 198; not tributary to Persia between B. C. 477 and 412, v. 339 n.; surrender of, to Persia, by Sparta, ix. 205; and Tissaphernes, x. 206; ix. 207; application of to Sparta for aid against Tissaphernes, ix. 207; after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 26 seq.; Spartan project for the rescue of, x. 44.

Asidates, ix. 172.

Askalaphus and Ialmenus, i. 130.

Asklepiadês of Myrlea, legendary discoveries of, i. 247 n. 4.

Asklêpiads, i. 181.

Asklêpius, i. 178 seq.

Asopius, son of Phormio, vi. 231.

Asopus, Greeks and Persians at, before the battle of Platæa, v. 158 seq.

Aspasia, vi. 98 seq.

Aspendus, Phenician fleet at, B. C. 411, viii. 99, 100, 114; Alkibiadês at, viii. 99; Alkibiadês, return from, to Samos, viii. 116; Alexander at, xii. 100.

Aspis, xii. 421.

Assembly, Spartan popular, ii. 345, 356; Athenian judicial, iv. 137, 140 seq.; Athenian political, iv. 139.

Assyria, relations of, with Egypt, iii. 324.

Assyrian kings, their command of human labor, iii. 302.

Assyrians and Medes, iii. 224 seq., 290 seq.; contrasted with Phenicians, Greeks, and Egyptians, iii. 303; and Phenicians, effect of, on the Greek mind, iii. 343 seq.

Astakus, vi. 135, 141.

Asteria, i. 6.

Asterius, i. 220.

Astræus, i. 6; and Eôs, children of, i. 6.

Astronomy, physical, thought impious by ancient Greeks, i. 346 n.; and physics, knowledge of, among the early Greeks, ii. 114.

Astyages, story of, iv. 182 seq.

Astyanax, death of, i. 305.

Astyochus, expedition of, to Ionia, vii. 383; at Lesbos, vii. 384; at Chios and the opposite coast, vii. 391; accidental escape of, vii. 392; and Pedaritus, vii. 393, 394; and Tissaphernês, treaty between, vii. 395 seq.; mission of Lichas and others respecting, vii. 397; victory of, over Charmînus, and junction with Antisthenês, vii. 397; at Rhodes, viii. 94; at Milêtus, viii. 97; recall of, viii. 98.

Atalanta, i. 56, 145 seq.

Atarneus, captured and garrisoned by Derkyllidas, ix. 219; Hermeias of, xi. 441, and n. 3.

Atê, i. 7.

Athamas, i. 123 seq.

Athenagoras, vii. 184 seq.

Athênê, birth of, i. 10; various representations of, i. 54; her dispute with Poseidon, i. 56, 191; Chalkiœkus, temple of, and Pausanias, v. 272; Polias, reported prodigy in the temple of, on Xerxes’s approach, v. 109.

Athenian, victims for the Minôtaur, i. 221; ceremonies commemorative of the destruction of the Minôtaur, i. 223; democracy, Kleisthenês, the real author of, iv. 139; people, judicial attributes of, iv. 140; nobles, early violence of, iv. 152; energy, development of, after Kleisthenês’s revolution, iv. 176; seamen, contrasted with the Ionians at Ladê, iv. 300; dikasts, temper of, in estimating past services, iv. 372; democracy, origin of the apparent fickleness of, iv. 375 seq.; envoy, speech of, to Gelo, v. 219; parties and politics, effect of the Persian war upon, v. 274 seq.; empire, v. 290 seq., 304 n. 2, 346, vi. 398 seq., 44 n., 48; viii. 281-290; power, increase of, after the formation of the Delian confederacy, v. 313; auxiliaries to Sparta against the Helots, v. 317 seq.; democracy, consummation of, v. 380; armament against Samos, under Periklês, Sophoklês, etc., vi. 26 seq.; private citizens, redress of the allies against, vi. 38; assembly, speeches of the Korkyræan and Corinthian envoys to, vi. 58 seq.; navel attack, vi. 63; envoy, reply of, to the Corinthian envoy, at the Spartan assembly, vi. 85 seq.; expedition to ravage Peloponnesus, B. C. 431, vi. 134; armament to Potidæa and Chalkidic Thrace, B. C. 429, vi. 191; assembly, debates in, respecting Mitylênê. vi. 244, 248 seq.; assembly, about the Lacedæmonian prisoners in Sphakteria, vi. 328 seq.; assembly, on Demosthenes’ application for reinforcements to attack Sphakteria, vi. 334 seq.; hoplites, at the battle of Amphipolis, vi. 477; fleet, operations of, near Messênê and Rhegium, B. C. 425, vii. 133; assembly and the expedition to Sicily, vii. 145, 147 seq., 279; treasury, abundance in, B. C. 415, vii. 164; fleet in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 302, 303 seq., 315 seq., 325 seq.; prisoners at Syracuse, vii. 344 seq.; fleet at Samos, B. C. 412, vii. 394; democracy, securities in, against corruption, vii. 402; assembly, vote of, in favor of oligarchical change, viii. 14; assembly, at Kolônus, viii. 35; democracy, reconstitution of, at Samos, viii. 46; squadron, escape of from Sestos to Elæus, viii. 105; fleet at Kynossêma, viii. 109 seq.; fleet at Abydos, viii. 117 seq.; fleet, concentration of, at Kardia, viii. 120; fleet, at the Bosphorus, B. C. 410, viii. 127; fleet at Arginusæ, viii. 170 seq.; assembly, debate in, on the generals at Arginusæ, viii. 178-186, 190-194; fleet, inaction of, after the battle of Arginusæ, viii. 211; fleet, removal of, from Samos to Ægospotami, viii. 215; fleet, capture of, at Ægospotami, viii. 216 seq.; kleruchs and allies after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 223; tragedy, growth of, viii. 317, 319; mind, influence of comedy on, viii. 331 seq.; character not corrupted between B. C. 480 and 405, viii. 374 seq.; confederacy, new, B. C. 378, x. 192 seq.; and Theban cavalry, battle of, near Mantinea, B. C. 362, x. 333 seq.; marine, reform in the administration of, by Demosthenês, xi. 462 seq.

Athenians and the Hêrakleids, i. 94; and Sigeium, i. 339; and Samians, contrast between, iv. 247; active patriotism of, between B. C. 500-400, iv. 178; diminished active sentiment of, after the Thirty Tyrants, iv. 180; alliance with Asiatic Greeks abandoned by, iv. 291; Darius’s revenge against, iv. 297; terror and sympathy of, on the capture of Milêtus, iv. 309; appeal of, to Sparta, against the Medism of Ægina, iv. 318; condition and character of, B. C. 490, iv. 334; application of, to Sparta, before the battle of Marathon, iv. 341; victory of, at Marathon, iv. 348 seq., 358; alleged fickleness and ingratitude of, towards Miltiadês, iv. 370 seq.; answers of the Delphian oracle to, on the eve of Xerxes’s invasion, v. 59; Pan-Hellenic patriotism of, on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 63 seq.; hopeless situation of, after the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 106; conduct of, on the approach of Xerxes, v. 107, seq.; victory of, at Salamis, v. 115, 132 seq.; honor awarded to, after the battle of Salamis, v. 146; under Pausanias in Bœotia, v. 164; and Alexander of Macedon, before the battle of Platæa, v. 170; and Spartans at Platæa, v. 171, 174; victory of, at Platæa, v. 179 seq.; and continental Ionians, after the battle of Mykalê, v. 199; attack the Chersonese, B. C. 479, v. 200; the leaders of Grecian progress after the battle of Salamis, v. 242; rebuild their city after the battle of Platæa, v. 243; effect of the opposition to the fortification of Athens upon, v. 246; induced by Themistoklês to build twenty new triremes annually, v. 252; activity of, in the first ten years of their hegemony, v. 294 seq., 303; renounce the alliance of Sparta, and join Argos and Thessaly, v. 319 seq.; proceedings of, in Cyprus, Phœnicia, Egypt, and Megara, B. C. 460, v. 321; defeat the Æginetans, B. C. 459, v. 323; defeat of at Tanagra, v. 328; victory of, at Œnophyta, v. 331; sail round Peloponnesus under Tolmidês, v. 331; march against Thessaly, v. 334; defeat and losses of, in Egypt, B. C. 460-455, v. 383; victories of, at Cyprus, under Anaxikratês, v. 337; defeat of, at Korôneia, v. 348; personal activity of, after the reforms of Periklês and Ephialtês, vi. 1; settlements of, in the Ægean, during the Thirty years’ truce, vi. 11; pride of, in the empire of Athens, vi. 9; decision of, respecting Corinth and Korkyra, vi. 62; victory of near Potidæa, vi. 73; blockade of Potidæa by, vi. 74; counter-demand of, upon Sparta, for expiation of sacrilege, vi. 105; final answer of, to the Spartans before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 110; expel the Æginetans from Ægina, B. C. 431, vi. 186; ravage of the Megarid by, in the Peloponnesian war, vi. 137; irritation of, at their losses from the plague and the Peloponnesians, vi. 164; energetic demonstration of, B. C. 428, vi. 226; their feeling and conduct towards the revolted Mitylenæans, vi. 249 seq., 255 seq.; and Lacedæmonians at Pylus, armistice between, vi. 324; demands of, in return for the release of the Lacedæmonians in Sphakteria, vi. 329; and Bœotians, debate between, after the battle of Delium, B. C. 424, vi. 393 seq.; discontent of, with Sparta, on the non-fulfilment of the peace of Nikias, vii. 10; recapture of Skiônê by, vii. 22; and Amphipolis, vii. 104, xi. 215, 233 seq.; siege and capture of Mêlos by, vii. 109 seq.; treatment of Alkibiadês by, for his alleged profanation of the mysteries, vii. 211 seq.; victory of, near the Olympieion at Syracuse, vii. 221 seq.; forbearance of, towards Nikias, vii. 227 seq.; not responsible for the failure of the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 227 n.; defeat of, at Epipolæ, B. C. 414, vii. 277; conduct of, on receiving Nikias’s despatch, B. C. 414, vii. 279, 280 seq.; victory of, in the harbor of Syracuse, B. C. 413, vii. 316; and Syracusans, conflicts between, in the Great Harbor, vii. 291, 294 seq., 317 seq., 323 seq.; postponement of their retreat from Syracuse by an eclipse of the moon, vii. 315; blockade of, in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 319 seq., 329 seq.; and Corinthians near Naupaktus, vii. 358 seq.; resolutions of, after the disaster at Syracuse, vii. 362 seq.; suspicions of, about Chios, vii. 368; defeat Alkamenês and the Peloponnesian fleet, vii. 369; effect of the Chian revolt on, vii. 372; harassing operations of, against Chios, B. C. 412, vii. 345 seq., 391, 393; victory of, near Milêtus, B. C. 412, vii. 385, 387; retirement of, from Milêtus, B. C. 412, vii. 388; naval defeat of, near Eretria, B. C. 411, viii. 72 seq.; moderation of, on the deposition of the Thirty and the Four Hundred, viii. 88 seq., 300 seq.; victory of, at Kyzikus, viii. 121; convention of, with Pharnabazus, about Chalkêdon, viii. 132; capture of Byzantium by, viii. 134; different behavior of, towards Alkibiadês and Nikias, viii. 158; victory of, at Arginusæ, viii. 173 seq.; remorse of, after the death of the generals at Arginusæ, viii. 205; first proposals of, to Sparta after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 227; repayment of the Lacedæmonians by, after the restoration of the democracy, B. C. 403, viii. 305; their treatment of Dorieus, ix. 272 seq.; restoration of the Long Walls at Corinth by, ix. 338; and Evagoras of Cyprus, ix. 365, 375; successes of Antalkidas against, ix. 344; their alleged envy of distinguished generals, x. 108 n. 2; and Alexander of Pheræ, x. 283; project of, to seize Corinth, B. C. 366, x. 289; and Charidemus in the Chersonese, B. C. 360-358, x. 377 seq.; the alliance of Olynthus rejected by, B. C. 358, xi. 236; their remissness in assisting Methônê, xi. 260; change in the character of, between B. C. 431 and 360, xi. 279; prompt resistance of, to Philip at Thermopylæ, xi. 296; expedition of, to Olynthus, B. C. 349, xi. 346; capture of, at Olynthus, xi. 365, 372; letters of Philip to, xi. 411, 416, 417; and the Phokians at Thermopylæ, B. C. 374-346, xi. 418 seq.; letter of Philip to, declaring war, B. C. 340, xi. 456 seq.; refusal of, to take part in the Amphiktyonic proceedings against Amphissa, xi. 478; Philip asks the Thebans to assist in attacking, xi. 483 seq.; and Thebans, war of, against Philip in Phokis, xi. 493, 495 seq.; and Philip, peace of Demades between, xi. 507 seq.; their recognition of Philip as head of Greece, xi. 507, 511 seq.; captured at the Granikus, xii. 105; champions of the liberation of Greece, B. C. 323, xii. 312; helpless condition of, B. C. 302-301, xii. 385.

Athens, historical, impersonal authority of law in, ii. 81; treatment of homicide in, ii. 92 seq.; military classification at, ii. 460; meagre history of, before Drako, iii. 48; tribunals for homicide at, iii. 77; local superstitions at, about trial of homicide, iii. 79; pestilence and suffering at, after the Kylonian massacre, iii. 82; and Megara, war between, about Salamis, iii. 90 seq.; acquisition of Salamis by, iii. 91 seq.; state of, immediately before the legislation of Solon, iii. 93 seq.; rights of property sacred at, iii. 105, 112 seq.; rate of interest free at, iii. 108; political rights of Solon’s four classes at, iii. 120 seq.; democracy at, begins with Kleisthenês, iii. 127; distinction between the democracy at, and Solon’s constitution, iii. 131; Solon’s departure from, iii. 147; Solon’s return to, iii. 153; connection of, with Thracian Chersonesus, under Peisistratus, iv. 117 seq.; after the expulsion of Hippias, iv. 126; introduction of universal admissibility to office at, iv. 145; necessity for creating a constitutional morality at, in the time of Kleisthenês, iv. 153; application of, for alliance with Persia, iv. 165; and Platæa, first connection between, iv. 166; successes of, against Bœotians and Chalkidians, iv. 170; war of Ægina against, iv. 173, 316; application of Aristagoras to, iv. 289; treatment of Darius’s herald at, iv. 316; traitors at, B. C. 490, iv. 356, 358; penal procedure at, iv. 368 n.; and Ægina war between, from B. C. 488 to 481, v. 47, 49 seq., 50, 53, 323; first growth of the naval force of, v. 51; fleet of, the salvation of Greece, v. 53; and Sparta, no heralds sent from Xerxes to, v. 57; Pan-Hellenic congress convened by, at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 58 seq.; and Ægina, occupation of, Xerxes, v. 109, 112 seq.; Mardonius at, v. 154 seq.; first step to the separate ascendancy of, over Asiatic Greeks, v. 200; conduct of, in the repulse of the Persians, v. 242; Long Walls at, v. 244 seq., 322 seq., ix. 325 seq.; plans of Themistoklês for the naval aggrandizement of, v. 249 seq.; increase of metics and commerce at, after the enlargement of Piræus, v. 251; headship of the allied Greeks transferred from Sparta to, v. 256 seq.; and Sparta, first open separation between, v. 258 seq., 290; proceedings of, on being made leader of the allied Greeks, v. 263 seq.; stimulus to democracy at, from the Persian war, v. 275; changes in the Kleisthenean constitution at, after the Persian war, v. 275 seq.; long-sighted ambition imputed to, v. 293; enforcing sanction of the confederacy of Delos exercised by, v. 298; increasing power and unpopularity of among the allied Greeks, v. 299 seq.; as guardian of the Ægean against piracy, between B. C. 476-466, v. 304; bones of Theseus conveyed to, v. 304, 305; quarrel of, with Thasos, B. C. 465, v. 309, 311; first attempt of, to found a city at Ennea Hodoi on the Strymon, v. 310; alliance of, with Megara, B. C. 461, v. 321; growing hatred of Corinth and neighboring states to, B. C. 461, v. 321; war of, with Corinth, Ægina, etc., B. C. 459, v. 322 seq.; reconciliation between leaders and parties at, after the battle of Tanagra, v. 329; acquisition of Bœotia, Phokis, and Lokris by, v. 331; and the Peloponnesians, five years’ truce between, v. 334; and Persia, treaty between, B. C. 450, v. 335 seq.; fund of the confederacy transferred from Delos to, v. 343; position and prospects of, about B. C. 448, v. 344 seq.; commencement of the decline of, v. 346 seq.; and Delphi, B. C. 452-447, v. 346; loss of Bœotia by, v. 347 seq.; despondency at, after the defeat at Korôneia, v. 350; and Sparta, thirty years’ truce between, v. 350; and Megara, feud between, v. 351; magistrates and Areopagus in early, v. 352; increase of democratical sentiment at, between the time of Aristeidês and of Periklês, v. 355; choice of magistrates by lot at, v. 355; oligarchical party at, v. 361; maritime empire of, vi. 2 seq., viii. 281-293, ix. 199 seq.; maritime revenue of, vi. 5 seq., 6, n. 1, 36; commercial relations of, in the Thirty years’ truce, vi. 11; political condition of, between B. C. 445-431, vi. 15 seq.; improvements in the city of, under Periklês, vi. 20 seq., 23 seq.; Periklês’s attempt to convene a Grecian congress at, vi. 25; application of the Samians to Sparta for aid against, vi. 29; funeral ceremony of slain warriors at, vi. 31; and her subject-allies, vi. 33 seq., 48; and Sparta, confederacies of, vi. 49; reinforcement from, to Korkyra against Corinth, vi. 57 seq., 67; and Corinth, after the second naval battle between Corinth and Korkyra, vi., 69 seq.; and Perdikkas, vi. 71 seq., 449, seq., vii. 96; non-aggressive, between B. C. 445-431, vi. 76; Megara prohibited from trading with, vi. 76; hostility of the Corinthians to, after their defeat near Potidæa, vi. 77; discussion and decision of the Spartan assembly upon war with, B. C. 431, vi. 79 seq.; position and prospects of, on commencing the Peloponnesian war, vi. 94 seq., 113 seq., 121 seq.; requisitions addressed to, by Sparta, B. C. 431, vi. 97 seq., 106 seq.; assembly at, on war with Sparta, B. C. 431, vi. 108 seq.; conduct of, on the Theban night-surprise of Platæa, vi. 119 seq.; and the Akarnanians, alliance between, vi. 121; crowding of population into, on Archidamus’s invasion of Attica, vi. 129; and Sicily, relations of, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and Korkyra, vi. 130; clamor at, on Archidamus’s ravage of Acharnæ, vi. 131; measures for the permanent defence of, B. C. 431, vi. 138 seq.; alliance of Stitalkês with, vi. 141, 215 seq.; freedom of individual thought and action at, vi. 149 seq.; position of, at the time of Periklês’s funeral oration, vi. 152; the plague at, vi. 154 seq., 293; proceedings of, on learning the revolt of Mitylênê, vi. 223; exhausted treasury of, B. C. 428, vi. 232; new politicians at, after Periklês, vi. 245 seq.; revolutions at, contrasted with those at Korkyra, vi. 283; political clubs at, vi. 290; and the prisoners in Sphakteria vi. 325 seq., 353 seq., vii. 6 seq.; fluctuation of feeling at, as to the Peloponnesian war, vi. 355; and her Thracian subject-allies, vi. 405 seq.; and Brasidas’s conquests in Thrace, vi. 413; and Sparta, one year’s truce between, B. C. 423, vi. 432 seq.; and Sparta, relations between, B. C. 423-422, vi. 449, 452 seq.; necessity for voluntary accusers at, vi. 486; and Sparta, alliance between, B. C. 421, vii. 5; application of Corinthians to, B. C. 421, vii. 20; Lacedæmonian envoys at, about Panaktum and Pylus, B. C. 420, vii. 29; and Argos, alliance between, B. C. 420, vii. 43 seq.; convention of, with Argos, Mantineia, and Elis, B. C. 420, vii. 49 seq.; policy of, attempted by Alkibiades, B. C. 419, vii. 62 seq.; attack of, upon Epidaurus, B. C. 419, vii. 64, 66; and Sparta, relations between, B. C. 419, vii. 69; and Argos, renewed alliance between, B. C. 417, vii. 101; and Sparta, relations between, B. C. 416, vii. 103; Sicilian expedition, vii. 132, 142, 144 seq., 163 seq., 364 seq.; mutilation of the Hermæ at, vii. 167 seq., 197 seq.; injurious effects of Alkibiadês’s banishment upon, B. C. 415, vii. 216; Nikias’s despatch to, for reinforcements, B. C. 414, vii. 274 seq.; and Sparta, violation of the peace between, B. C. 414, vii. 286; effects of the Lacedæmonian occupation of Dekeleia on, vii. 354 seq.; dismissal of Thracian mercenaries from, 357 seq.; revolt of Chios, Erythræ, and Klazomenæ from, B. C. 412, vii. 371; appropriation of the reserve fund at, vii. 373; loss of Teos by, B. C. 412, vii. 374; revolt of Lebedos and Eræ from, B. C. 412, vii. 375; loss and recovery of Lesbos by, B. C. 412, vii. 384 seq.; recovery of Klazomenæ by, B. C. 412, vii. 384; rally of, during the year after the disaster at Syracuse, viii. 1; conspiracy of the Four Hundred at, viii. 1, 7 seq., 31 seq.; loss of Orôpus by, viii. 25; arrival of the Paralus at, from Samos, viii. 30; constitutional morality of, viii. 25; restoration of democracy at, B. C. 411, viii. 69 seq., 77 seq., 81 seq., 89; contrast between oligarchy at, and democracy at Samos, B. C. 411, viii. 91 seq.; revolt of Byzantium from, B. C. 411, viii. 97; revolt of Abydos and Lampsakus from, viii. 94; revolt of Kyzikus from, viii. 112; zeal of Pharnabazus against, viii. 113; proposals of peace from Sparta to, B. C. 410, viii. 122 seq.; return of Alkibiadês to, B. C. 407, viii. 145 seq.; fruitless attempt of Agis to surprise, B. C. 407, viii. 150; complaints at, against Alkibiadês, B. C. 407, viii. 152 seq.; conflicting sentiments at, caused by the battle of Arginusæ, viii. 175; alleged proposals of peace from Sparta to, after the battle of Arginusæ, viii. 210; condition of her dependencies, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 213 seq.; oath of mutual harmony at, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 225; surrender of, to Lysander, viii. 226 seq.; return of oligarchical exiles to, B. C. 404, viii. 234; oligarchical party at, B. C. 404, viii. 235; imprisonment of Strombichidês and other democrats at, B. C. 404, viii. 236; the Thirty tyrants at, viii. 237, 240 seq., ix. 182 seq., 186 seq., 198; Lacedæmonian garrison at, under Kallibius, viii. 242; alteration of feeling in Greece after the capture of, by Lysander, viii. 259, 264, 275; restoration of Thrasybulus and the exiles to, viii. 279; restoration of the democracy at, B. C. 403, viii. 280, 294, 295, 295 seq., 308 seq.; condition of, B. C. 405-403, viii. 293; abolition of Hellenotamiæ and restriction of citizenship at B. C. 403, viii. 310 seq.; development of dramatic genius at, between the time of Kleisthenês and of Eukleidês, viii. 318 seq., 327 seq.; accessibility of the theatre at, viii. 321; growth of rhetoric and philosophy at, viii. 338 seq.; literary and philosophical antipathy at, viii. 348; enlargement of the field of education at, viii. 349; sophists at, viii. 350 seq., 399; banishment of Xenophon from, ix. 175; Theban application to, for aid against Sparta, B. C. 395, ix. 291 seq.; alliance of Thebes, Corinth, Argos and, against Sparta, ix. 301; contrast between political conflicts at, and at Corinth, ix. 330 n. 3; alarm at, on the Lacedæmonian capture of the Long Walls at Corinth, ix. 340; and Ægina, B. C. 389, ix. 372 seq.; financial condition of, from B. C. 403 to 387, ix. 378 seq.; creation of the Theôric Board at, ix. 379; property-taxes at, ix. 380 n.; and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 2, 12; applications of, to Persia, B. C. 413, x. 7, 8; and Evagoras, x. 18 seq.; naval competition of, with Sparta, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 42 seq.; and Macedonia, contrast between, x. 47; Theban exiles at, after the seizure of the Kadmeia by Phœbidas, x. 61, 80 seq.; condemnation of the generals at, who had favored the enterprise of Pelopidas, x. 96; contrast between judicial procedure at, and at Sparta, x. 102; hostility of, to Sparta, and alliance with Thebes, B. C. 378, x. 102 seq.; exertions of, to form a new maritime confederacy, B. C. 378, x. 103 seq.; absence of Athenian generals from, x. 108 n. 2; synod of new confederates at, B. C. 378, x. 112; nature and duration of the Solonian census at, x. 113 seq.; new census at, in the archonship of Nausinikus, x. 115 seq.; symmories at, x. 117 seq.; financial difficulties of, B. C. 374, x. 133; displeasure of, against Thebes, B. C. 374, x. 133, 159; separate peace of, with the Lacedæmonians, B. C. 374, x. 137, 141; disposition of, towards peace with Sparta, B. C. 372, x. 158, 164; and the dealings of Thebes with Platæa and Thespiæ, B. C. 372, x. 162 seq.; and the peace of, B. C. 371, x. 167, 172; and Sparta, difference between in passive endurance and active energy, x. 187; the Theban victory at Leuktra not well received at, x. 189; at the head of a new Peloponnesian land confederacy, B. C. 371, x. 201; application of Arcadians to, for aid against Sparta, B. C. 370, x. 213; application of Sparta, Corinth, and Phlius to, for aid against Thebes, B. C. 369, x. 234 seq.; ambitious views of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 244 seq.; and Sparta, alliance between, B. C. 369, x. 253; embassies from, to Persia, x. 278, 280, 293; loss of Orôpus by, B. C. 366, x. 286; alliance of, with Arcadia, B. C. 366, x. 288; partial readmission of, to the Chersonese, B. C. 365, x. 295 seq.; and Kotys, x. 298 seq., 372, 373; Theban naval operations against, under Epaminondas, x. 303 seq.; naval operations of Alexander of Pheræ against, x. 370; and Miltokythes, x. 372; restoration of the Chersonese to, B. C. 358, x. 379; transmarine empire of, B. C. 358, x. 381; condition of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 199; proceedings of Philip towards, on his accession, xi. 212; and Eubœa, xi. 217 seq., 340 seq.; surrender of the Chersonese to, B. C. 358, xi. 219; revolt of Chios, Kos, Rhodes, and Byzantium from, B. C. 358, xi. 220 seq., 231; armaments and operations of, in the Hellespont, B. C. 357, xi. 224; loss of power to, from the Social War, xi. 232; Philip’s hostilities against, B. C. 358-356, xi. 237; recovery of Sestos by, B. C. 353, xi. 257; intrigues of Kersobleptes and Philip against, B. C. 353, xi. 258; countenance of the Phokians by, B. C. 353, xi. 262; applications of Sparta and Megalopolis to, B. C. 353, xi. 263, 290; alarm about Persia at, B. C. 354, xi. 285; Philip’s naval operations against, B. C. 351, xi. 304 seq.; and Olynthus, xi. 326, 331, 334, 345 seq., 365, 372; and Philip overtures for peace between, B. C. 348 xi. 368 seq.; application of the Phokians to, for aid against Philip at Thermopylæ, xi. 376 seq.; embassies to Philip from, xi. 379 seq.; 401 seq., 422, 430 seq.; resolution of the synod of allies at, respecting Philip, xi. 388; assemblies at, in the presence of the Macedonian envoys, xi. 390 seq.; envoys from Philip to, xi. 386, 387, 390, 398, 401; motion of Philokrates for peace and alliance between Philip and, xi. 390 seq.; ratification of peace and alliance between Philip and, xi. 398 seq., 429 seq.; alarm and displeasure at, on the surrender of Thermopylæ to Philip, xi. 423; professions of Philip to, after his conquest of Thermopylæ, xi. 425; and the honors conferred upon Philip by the Amphiktyons, xi. 429; and Philip, formal peace between, from B. C. 346 to 340, xi. 442; mission of Python from Philip to, xi. 446; and Philip, proposed amendments in the peace of, B. C. 346, between, xi. 446 seq.; and Philip, disputes between, about the Bosporus and Hellespont, xi. 450; increased influence of Demosthenes at, B. C. 341-338, xi. 452; services of Kalias the Chalkidian to, B. C. 341, xi. 452; and Philip, declaration of war between, B. C. 340, xi. 455 seq.; votes of thanks from Byzantium and the Chersonese to, xi. 461; accusation of the Amphissians against, at the Amphiktyonic assembly, B. C. 339, xi. 470 seq.; and Thebes, unfriendly relations between, B. C. 339, xi. 484; proceedings at, on Philip’s fortification of Elateia and application to Thebes for aid, xi. 484 seq. 491; and Thebes, alliance of, against Philip, B. C. 339, xi. 490; Demosthenes crowned at, xi. 493, 495; proceedings at, on the defeat at Chæroneia, xi. 502 seq.; lenity of Philip towards, after the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 505; means of resistance at, after the battle of, Chæroneia, xi. 508; honorary votes at, in favor of Philip, xi. 509; sentiment at, on the death of Philip, xii. 10; submission of, to Alexander, xii. 12; conduct of, on Alexander’s violation of the convention at Corinth, xii. 17 seq.; proceedings at, on the destruction of Thebes by Alexander, xii. 44; Alexander demands the surrender of anti-Macedonian leaders at, xii. 45; pacific policy of, in Alexander’s time, xii. 277 seq.; position of parties at, during and after the anti-Macedonian struggle of Agis, xii. 286; submission of, to Antipater, xii. 322 seq.; state of parties at, on the proclamation of Polysperchon, xii. 345; Kassander gets possession of, xii. 361; under Demetrius Phalereus, xii. 362 seq.; census at, under Demetrius Phalereus, xii. 363; Demetrius Poliorketes at, xii. 373 seq., 382, 384 seq., 388; alteration of sentiment at, between B. C. 338 and 307, xii. 376; in B. C. 501 and 307, contrast between, xii. 377; restrictive law against philosophers at, B. C. 307, xii. 379; embassy to Antigonus from, xii. 380; political nullity of, in the generation after Demosthenes, xii. 392; connection of, with Bosporus or Pantikapæum, xii. 480 seq.

Athos, iv. 23; colonies in, iv. 25; Mardonius’s fleet destroyed near, iv. 314; Xerxes’s canal through, v. 21 seq.

Atlas, i. 6, 8, 9.

Atossa, iv. 252.

Atreids, i. 157.

Atreus, i. 155 seq.

Atropos, i. 7.

Attalus, the Macedonian, xi. 513; and Pausanias, xi. 515; death of, xi. 518.

Attalus, uncle of Kleopatra, death of, xi. 8.

Attic legends, i. 191 seq.; chronology. commencement of, iii. 49; gentes, iii. 54 seq.; demes, iii. 63, 66, 68, iv. 133 n.; law of debtor and creditor, iii. 99, 109 n.; scale, ratio of, to the Æginæan and Euboic, iii. 171; Dionysia, iv. 69.

Attica original distribution of, i. 193; division of, by Kekrops, i. 195; obscurity of the civil condition of, before Solon, iii. 49; alleged duodecimal division of, in early times, iii. 50; four Ionic tribes in, iii. 50 seq.; original separation and subsequent consolidation of communities in, iii. 69; long continuance of the cantonal feeling in, iii. 70; state of, after Solon’s legislation, iii. 154; Spartan expeditions to, against Hippias, iv. 122; Xerxes in, v. 111 seq.; Lacedæmonian invasion of, under Pleistoanax, v. 349; Archidamus’s invasions of, vi. 129 seq., 154, 221; Lacedæmonian invasion of, B. C. 427, vi. 239; invasion of, by Agis, B. C. 413, vii. 288; king Pausanias’s expedition to, viii. 275 seq.

Augê, i. 177.

Augeas, i. 139.

Aulis, Greek forces assembled at, against Troy, i. 293 seq.; Agesilaus at, ix. 258.

Ausonians, iii. 355.

Autoklês at the congress at Sparta, B. C. 371, x. 165; in the Hellespont, x. 371 seq.

Autolykus, i. 119.

Azan, i. 176.

B

Babylon, iii. 291 seq.; Cyrus’s capture of, iv. 213 seq.; revolt, and reconquest of, by Darius, iv. 231 seq.; Alexander at, xii. 168 seq., 248 seq.; Harpalus satrap of, xii. 240.

Babylonian scale, ii. 319; kings, their command of human labor, iii. 302.

Babylonians, industry of, iii. 300; deserts and predatory tribes surrounding, iii. 304.

Bacchæ of Euripides, i. 262 n.

Bacchiads, ii. 307, iii. 2.

Bacchic rites, i. 33, 34, 38.

Bacchus, birth of, i. 260; rites of, i. 261.

Bacon and Sokratês, viii. 450 n. 1; on the Greek philosophers, viii. 454 n. 3.

Bad, meaning of, in early Greek writers, ii. 64; double sense of the Greek and Latin equivalents of, iii. 45 n. 4.

Bagæus and Orœtês, iv. 230.

Bagoas, xi. 439, 441, xii. 76, 237.

Baktria, Alexander in, xii. 201, 206, 215 seq.

Barbarian, meaning of, ii. 276; and Grecian military feeling, contrast between, vi. 446.

Bards, ancient Grecian, ii. 136, 143.

Bardylis, defeat of, by Philip, xi. 215.

Barka, modern observations of, iv. 32 n. 2, 36 n. 3, 37 n.; foundation of, iv. 42; Persian expedition from Egypt against, iv. 48; capture of, iv. 48; submission of, to Kambysês, iv. 220.

Basilids, iii. 162 n. 4, 188.

Batis, governor of Gaza, xii. 144.

Battus, founder of Kyrênê, iv. 30 seq.; dynasty of, iv. 40 seq.; the Third, iv. 43.

Bebrykians, iii. 207, 208.

Bellerophôn, i. 121 seq.

Bêlus, temple of, iii. 297.

Bequest, Solon’s law of, iii. 139.

Berœa, Athenian attack upon, vi. 76 n. 2.

Bessus, xii. 183 seq., 202, 206.

Bias, i. 91, 109 seq.

Bisaltæ, the king of, iv. 21, v. 43.

Bithynia, Derkyllidas in, ix. 216.

Bithynians, iii. 207.

Boar, the Kalydônian, i. 147, 148 seq.

Bœotia, affinities of, with Thessaly, ii. 18; transition from mythical to historical, ii. 19; cities and confederation of, ii. 295; Mardonius in, v. 153, 161; Pausanias’s march to, v. 168; supremacy of Thebes in, restored by Sparta, v. 319, 326; expedition of the Lacedæmonians into, B. C. 458, v. 326 seq.; acquisition of, by Athens, v. 331; loss of, by Athens, v. 347 seq., 351 n.; scheme of Demosthenês and Hippokratês for invading, B. C. 424, vi. 379; and Argos, projected alliance between, B. C. 421, vii. 24 seq.; and Sparta, alliance between, B. C. 420, vii. 26; and Eubœa, bridge connecting, viii. 112, 118; Agesilaus on the northern frontier of, ix. 315; expeditions of Kleombrotus to, x. 94 seq., 129; expulsion of the Lacedæmonians from, by the Thebans, B. C. 374, x. 135; proceedings in, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 188; retirement of the Spartans from, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 190; extinction of free cities in, by Thebes, xi. 201; successes of Onomarchus in, xi. 293; reconstitution of, by Alexander, xii. 48.

Bœotian war, ix. 295 seq.; cities after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 29, 33.

Bœotians, ii. 14 seq. 293 seq.; and Chalkidians, successes of Athens against, iv. 171; and Athenians, debate between, after the battle of Delium, vi. 403 seq.; at peace during the One year’s truce between Athens and Sparta, vi. 457; repudiate the peace of Nikias, vi. 493, vii. 3; refuse to join Argos, B. C. 421, vii. 16.

Bϙtus, genealogy of, i. 256 n. 2, ii. 18 n. 3.

Bogês, v. 295.

Bomilkar, xii. 416 seq., 435.

Boreas, i. 6, 199, 200.

Bosporus, Alkibiades and the Athenian fleet at the, viii. 125; Autokles in the, x. 372; disputes between Philip and Athens about, xi. 450.

Bosporus or Pantikapæum, xii. 479 seq.

Bottiæans, iv. 14, 19 n.

Boulê, Homeric, ii. 65; and Agora, ii. 74.

Branchidæ and Alexander, xii. 202 seq.

Brasidas, first exploit of, vi. 135; and Knêmus, attempt of, upon Peiræus, vi. 211; at Pylus, vi. 324; sent with Helot and other Peloponnesian hoplites to Thrace, vi. 370; at Megara, vi. 376 seq.; march of, through Thessaly to Thrace, vi. 399 seq.; and Perdikkas, relations between, vi. 400, 450, 443 seq.; prevails upon Akanthus to revolt from Athens, vi. 402 seq.; proceedings of, at Argilus, vi. 408, 409; at Amphipolis, vi. 408 seq., 476 seq.; repelled from Eion, vi. 411; capture of Lêkythus by, vi. 424; revolt of Skiônê to, vi. 435 seq.; and Perdikkas, proceedings of, towards Arrhibæus, vi. 400, 440, 443 seq.; personal ascendency of, vi. 412, 425; operations of, after his acquisition of Amphipolis, vi. 420; surprises and takes Toronê, vi. 422; acquisition of Mendê by, vi. 439; retreat of, before the Illyrians, vi. 447 seq.; Lacedæmonian reinforcement to, vi. 449; attempt of, upon Potidæa, vi. 450; opposition of, to peace on the expiration of the One year’s truce, vi. 455; death and character of, vi. 473, 474, 479 seq.; speech of, at Akanthus, ix. 193 seq.; language of, contrasted with the acts of Lysander, ix. 194.

Brazen race, the, i. 65.

Brennus, invasion of Greece by, xii. 390.

Briarcus, i. 5.

Bribery, judicial, in Grecian cities, v. 188.

Brisêis, i. 294.

Bromias, xi. 298.

Brontês, i. 5.

Brundusium, iii. 391.

Brute, the Trojan, i. 482 seq.

Bruttians, xi. 10, 133.

Bryant, hypothesis on the Trojan war, i. 330 n. 1; on Palæphatus, i. 418 n.

Bryas, vii. 99.

Budini, iii. 244.

Bukephalia, xii. 229, 233.

Bull, Phalaris’s brazen, v. 205 n.

Bura, destruction of, x. 157.

Butadæ, i. 197.

Byblus, surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130.

Byzantium, iv. 27; extension of the Ionic revolt to, iv. 291; Pausanias at, v. 268, 280; revolt of, from Athens, B. C. 411, viii. 97; Klearchus, the Lacedæmonian, sent to, viii. 128; capture of, by the Athenians, viii. 134; mission of Cheirisophus to, ix. 125; return of Cheirisophus from, ix. 144; the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 154 seq.; revolt of, from Athens, B. C. 358, xi. 220 seq., 231; mission of Demosthenes to, xi. 453; siege of, by Philip, xi. 459; vote of thanks from, to Athens, xi. 461; Philip concludes peace with, xi. 461.

C.

Calabrian peninsula, Dionysius’s projected wall across, xi. 43.

Calycê, i. 137.

Campanians, xi. 9; of Ætna, x. 407.

Canacê, i. 136 n.

Carthage, iii. 273; foundation and dominion of, iii. 345 seq.; and Tyre, amicable relations of, iii. 348; projected expedition of Kambysês against, iv. 220; empire, power, and population of, x. 391 seq.; and her colonies, x. 394; military force of, x. 396 seq.; political constitution of, x. 397 seq.; oligarchical system and sentiment at, x. 398 seq.; powerful families at, x. 400; intervention of, in Sicily, B. C. 410, x. 401 seq.; and Dionysius, x. 469, 473, 481, 483; distressat, on the failure of Imilkon’s expedition against Syracuse, x. 511; danger of, from her revolted Libyan subjects, B. C. 394, x. 511; Dionysius renews the war with, xi. 41 seq.; Dionysius concludes an unfavorable peace with, xi. 42; new war of Dionysius with, xi. 44; danger from, to Syracuse, B. C. 344, xi. 134; operations of Agathokles on the eastern coast of, xii. 419 seq.; sedition of Bomilkar at, xii. 435.

Carthaginian invasion of Sicily, B. C. 480, v. 221 seq.; fleet, entrance of, into the Great Harbor of Syracuse, x. 498.

Carthaginians, and Phenicians, difference between the aims of, iii. 275; and Greeks, first known collision between, iii. 348; peace of, with Gelo, after the battle of the Himera, v. 225; and Egestæans, victory of, over the Selinuntines, x. 404; blockade and capture of Agrigentum by, x. 405 seq.; plunder of Syracuse by, x. 482; in Sicily, expedition of Dionysius against, x. 483 seq.; naval victory of, off Katana, x. 495; before Syracuse, x. 499 seq., 506 seq.; defeat of, in the Great Harbor of Syracuse, x. 501; in Sicily, frequency of pestilence among, xi. 1; purchase the robe of the Lakinian Hêrê, xi. 23; and Hipponium, xi. 43; invade Sicily, B. C. 340, xi. 170, 171; Timoleon’s victory over, at the Krimêsus, xi. 174 seq.; peace of Timoleon with, xi. 182; their defence of Agrigentum against Agathokles, xii. 406 seq.; victory of, over Agathokles at the Himera, xii. 408 seq.; recover great part of Sicily from Agathokles, xii. 409; expedition of Agathokles to Africa against, xii. 410 seq.; religious terror of after the defeat of Hanno and Bomilkar, xii. 418; success of, against Agathokles in Numidia, xii. 427; victories of, over Archagathus, xii. 439; Archagathus blocked up at Tunês by, xii. 439, 441; victory of, over Agathokles near Tunês, xii. 442; nocturnal panic in the camp of, near Tunês, xii. 442; the army of Agathokles capitulate with, after his desertion, xii. 443.

Caspian Gates, xii. 182 n. 2.

Castes, Egyptian, iii. 314 seq.

Catalogue in the Iliad, i. 290 seq., ii. 157.

Cato the elder, and Kleon, vi. 485 n., 486 n.

Census, nature and duration of the Solonian, x. 113 seq.; in the archonship of Nausinikus, x. 114 seq.

Centaur Nessus, i. 151.

Centimanes, i. 8.

Ceremonies, religious, a source of mythes, i. 62, 63.

Cestus, iv. 57 n. 2.

Chabrias, defeat of Gorgôpas by, ix. 375; proceedings of between B. C. 387-378, x. 105; at Thebes, x. 127; victory of, near Naxos, x. 130 seq.; at Corinth, x. 258; in Egypt, x. 361, 362; and Charidemus, x. 379; death of, xi. 223.

Chæreas, viii. 30, 46.

Chæroneia, victory of the Thebans over Onomarchus at, xi. 257; battle of, B. C. 338, xi. 498 seq.

Chaldæan priests and Alexander, xii. 249, 254.

Chaldæans, iii. 290 seq.

Chalkêdon and Alkibiadês, viii. 126, 132.

Chalkideus, expedition of, to Chios, vii. 370, 371 seq.; and Tissaphernes, treaty between, vii. 376; defeat and death of, vii. 385.

Chalkidians, Thracian, iv. 22 seq., vi. 183, 396; of Eubœa, successes of Athens against, iv. 170.

Chalkidikê, success of Timotheus in, x. 294; three expeditions from Athens to, B. C. 349-348, xi. 334 n., 349; success of Philip in, xi. 350 seq., 364.

Chalkis, iii. 164 seq.; retirement of the Greek fleet to, on the loss of three triremes, v. 80.

Chalybes, iii. 252, ix. 106 seq., 110.

Champions, select, change in Grecian opinions respecting, ii. 451.

Chaonians, iii. 413 seq.

Chaos, i. 4; and her offspring, i. 4.

Chares, assistance of, to Phlius, x. 272; recall of, from Corinth, x. 287; unsuccessful attempt of, to seize Corinth, x. 289; in the Chersonese, B. C. 358, x. 379; at Chios, xi. 374; in the Hellespont, xi. 224; accusation of Iphikrates and Timotheus by, xi. 226 seq.; and Artabazus, xi. 230; conquest of Sestos by, xi. 258; expedition of, to Olynthus, xi. 349; at the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 502; capitulation of, at Mitylênê, xii. 142.

Charidemus, x. 251; and Iphikrates, x. 299; and Timotheus, x. 300, 301; and Kephisodotus, x. 374, 377; and Kersobleptes, x. 376, 377; and the Athenians in the Chersonese, B. C. 360-358, x. 377 seq.; and Miltokythes, x. 378; his popularity and expedition to Thrace, xi. 307; expedition of, to Chalkidikê, xi. 349; put to death by Darius, xii. 108.

Charidemus and Ephialtes, banishment of, xii. 46.

Chariklês, expedition of, to Peloponnesus, B. C. 413, vii. 288; and Peisander, vii. 198.

Charilaus and Lykurgus, ii. 344; the Samian, iv. 249.

Charites, the, i. 10.

Charitesia, festival of, i. 128.

Charlemagne, legends of, i. 475.

Charmandê, dispute among the Cyreian forces near, ix. 35.

Charmînus, victory of Astyochus over, vii. 397.

Charon the Theban, x. 81 seq.

Charondas, iv. 417.

Charopinus, iv. 290.

Cheirisophus, ix. 80; and Xenophon, ix. 92, 95, 106 seq.; at the Kentritês, ix. 99; mission of, to Byzantium, ix. 125; return of, from Byzantium, ix. 144; elected sole general of the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 145; death of, ix. 148.

Chersonese, Thracian, iv. 27; connection of, with Athens under Peisistratus, iv. 117 seq.; attacked by the Athenians, B. C. 479, v. 201; operations of Periklês in, vi. 10; retirement of Alkibiadês to, B. C. 407, viii. 159; fortification of, by Derkyllidas, ix. 218; partial readmission of Athenians to, B. C. 365, x. 296 seq.; Epaminondas near, x. 301, 306; Timotheus at, x. 302, 306, 368; Ergophilus in the, x. 369 seq.; Kotys in the, x. 373; Kephisodotus in the, x. 374; Charidemus and the Athenians in the, x. 377 seq.; restoration of, to Athens, B. C. 358, x. 379, xi. 219; Kersobleptes cedes part of, to Athens, xi. 258; speech of Demosthenes on, xi. 451; mission of Demosthenes to, xi. 453; votes of thanks from, to Athens, xi. 461.

Chians at Ladê, iv. 304; activity of, in promoting revolt among the Athenian allies, vii. 374; expedition of, against Lesbos, vii. 382 seq.; improved condition of, B. C. 411, viii. 94.

Chimæra, the, i. 7.

Chios, foundation of, iii. 147; Histiæus at, iv. 299; an autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2; proceeding of Athenians at, B. C. 425, vi. 360; application from, to Sparta, B. C. 413, vii. 365; the Lacedæmonians persuaded by Alkibiadês to send aid to, vii. 367; suspicions of the Athenians about, B. C. 412, vii. 368; expedition of Chalkideus and Alkibiadês to, vii. 369 seq.; revolt of, from Athens, B. C. 412, vii. 371 seq.; expedition of Strombichidês to, vii. 374; harassing operations of the Athenians against, B. C. 412, vii. 385 seq., 391, 393; prosperity of, between B. C. 480-412. vii. 387; defeat of Pedaritus at, viii. 20; removal of Mindarus from Milêtus to, viii. 101; voyage of Mindarus from, to the Hellespont, viii. 102, 102 n.; revolution at, furthered by Kratesippidas, viii. 140; escape of Eteonikus from Mitylenê to, viii. 175, 189; Eteonikus at, viii. 211; revolt of, from Athens, B. C. 358, xi. 220 seq., 231; repulse of the Athenians at, B. C. 358, xi. 223; acquisition of, by Memnon, xii. 105; capture of, by Macedonian admirals, xii. 141.

Chivalry, romances of, i. 475 seq.

Chlidon, x. 84.

Chœrilus, Näke’s comments on, ii. 137 n.; poem of, on the expedition of Xerxes into Greece, v. 39 n.

Choric training at Sparta and Krête, iv. 84 seq.

Choriênes, Alexander’s capture of the rock of, xii. 214.

Chorus, the Greek, iv. 83; improvements in, by Stesichorus, iv. 87.

Chronicle of Turpin, the, i. 475.

Chronological calculation destroys the religious character of mythical genealogies, i. 446; table from Clinton’s Fasti Hellenici, ii. 36 seq.; computations, the value of, dependent on the trustworthiness of the genealogies, ii. 41; evidence of early poets, ii. 45.

Chronologists, modern, ii. 37.

Chronologizing attempts indicative of mental progress, ii. 56.

Chronology of mythical events, various schemes of, ii. 34 seq.; Alexandrine, from the return of the Herakleids to the first Olympiad, ii. 304; of Egyptian kings from Psammetichus to Amasis, iii. 330 n. 2; Egyptian, iii. 339 seq.; Grecian, between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars, v. 304 n. 2; of the period between Philip’s fortification of Elateia and the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 494 n. 2.

Chrysaor, i. 1, 7.

Chryseis, i. 294.

Chrysippus, i. 160.

Chrysopolis, occupation of, by the Athenians, viii. 127.

Cimmerian invasion of Asia Minor, iii. 249 seq.

Cimmerians, iii. 234; driven out of their country by the Scythians, iii. 247 seq.

Circê and Æêtês, i. 252.

Clinton’s Fasti Hellenici, chronological table from, ii. 36 seq.; opinion on the computations of the date of the Trojan war, ii. 39; vindication of the genealogies, ii. 42 seq.

Coined money, first introduction of, into Greece, ii. 318.

Comedy, growth, development, and influence of, at Athens, viii. 325 seq.

Comic poets, before Aristophanês, viii. 327; writers, mistaken estimate of, as witnesses and critics, viii. 332 seq.

Commemorative influence of Grecian rites, i. 454 seq.

Congress at Corinth, B. C. 421, vii. 13-15; at Sparta, B. C. 421, vii. 24; at Mantinea, B. C. 419, vii. 67 seq.

Conón on the legend of Kadmus, i. 258.

Constitutional forms, attachment of the Athenians to, viii. 41; morality, necessity for creating, in the time of Kleisthenês, iv. 159.

Corinth, origin of, i. 119 seq.; Dorians, at, ii. 9; early distinction of, ii. 113; isthmus of, ii. 216; Herakleid kings of, ii. 306; Dorian settlers at, ii. 309; despots at, iii. 39 seq.; great power of, under Periander, iii. 43; Sikyôn and Megara, analogy of, iii. 47; voyage from, to Gadês in the seventh and sixth centuries B. C., iii. 277; relations of Korkyra with, iii. 404 seq.; and Korkyra, joint settlements of, iii. 405 seq.; relations between the colonies of, iii. 407; decision of, respecting the dispute between Thebes and Platæa, iv. 166; protest of, at the first convocation at Sparta, iv. 175; Pan-Hellenic congress at the Isthmus of, v. 57 seq.; rush of Peloponnesians to the Isthmus of, after the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 106; growing hatred of, to Athens, B. C. 461, v. 320; operations of the Athenians in the Gulf of, B. C. 455, v. 332; and Korkyra, war between, vi. 51 seq.; and Athens, after the naval battle between Corinth and Korkyra, vi. 69 seq.; congress at, B. C. 421, vii. 13, 15 seq.; and Syracuse, embassy from, to Sparta, vii. 235; synod at, B. C. 412, vii. 368; altered feeling of, after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 259, 264, 275; alliance of, with Thebes, Athens, and Argos, against Sparta, ix. 301; anti-Spartan allies at, ix. 302; battle of, ix. 307 seq., 317; Pharnabazus and the anti-Spartan allies at, ix. 320; philo-Laconian party at, B. C. 392, ix. 328 seq.; coup d’état of the government at, ix. 329; contrast between political conflicts at, and at Athens, ix. 330 n. 3; and Argos, consolidation of, B. C. 392, ix. 332; victor of the Lacedæmonians within the Long Walls at ix. 333 seq.; the Long Walls of, partly pulled down by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 335; the Long Walls of, restored by the Athenians, and taken by Agesilaus and Teleutias, ix. 345 seq.; and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 387, x. 12; application of, to Athens, for aid against Thebes, x. 234 seq.; Iphikrates at, x. 237; and the Persian rescript in favor of Thebes, x. 282; project of the Athenians to seize, B. C. 366, x. 289; peace of, with Thebes, B. C. 366, x. 290 seq.; application from Syracuse to, B. C. 344, xi. 134; message from Hiketas to, xi. 143; Dionysius the Younger at, xi. 151 seq.; reinforcement from, to Timoleon, xi. 152, 155, 157; efforts of, to restore Syracuse, xi. 167, 168; Philip chosen chief of the Greeks at the congress at, xi. 511; convention at, under Alexander, B. C. 336, xii. 13 seq.; violations of the convention at, by Alexander, xii. 16 seq.; Alexander at, B. C. 335, xii. 48.

Corinthian envoys, speech of, to the Athenian assembly, in reply to the Korkyræans, vi. 59; speech of, to the Spartan assembly, against Athens, vi. 82 seq.; speech of, at the congress of allies at Sparta, vi. 93 seq.

Corinthian genealogy of Eumelus, i. 119 seq.;

Corinthian Gulf, naval conflicts of Corinthians and Lacedæmonians in, ix. 326; territory, Nikias’s expedition against, vi. 355 seq.; war, commencement of, ix. 301.

Corinthians, early commerce and enterprise of, iii. 1; behavior of, at Salamis, v. 145; defeated by Myronides, v. 324; procure the refusal of the Samians’ application to Sparta for aid against Athens, vi. 30, 50; instigate Potidæa, the Chalkidians and Bottiæans to revolt from Athens, vi. 65 seq.; defeat of, near Potidæa, vi. 73; strive to excite war against Athens after their defeat near Potidæa, vi. 78; repudiate the peace of Nikias, vi. 493, vii. 2; induce Argos to head a new Peloponnesian alliance, vii. 12; hesitate to join Argos, vii. 16, 62; join Argos, vii. 18; application of, to the Bœotians and Athenians, B. C. 421, vii. 20; and Karneia, vii. 308 n. 1; and Athenians, naval battle between, near Naupaktus, vii. 358 seq.; and Lacedæmonians, naval and land conflicts between, B. C. 393, ix. 333 seq.

Courts of Requests, their analogy to Athenian dikasteries, v. 399 n. 1.

Creditor and debtor, law of, at Athens before Solon, iii. 95; Roman law of, iii. 159.

Criticisms on the first two volumes of this history, reply to, i. 408 n.

Crœsus and Solon, alleged interview between, iii. 149 seq.; moral of Herodotus’s story about, iii. 153; reign and conquests of, iii. 258 seq.; power and alliances of, iv. 182; and Cyrus, war between, iv. 188 seq.; and the oracles, iv. 189, 190, 193; solicits the alliance of Sparta, iv. 190; fate of, impressive to the Greek mind, iv. 195.

Cumæ in Campania, iii. 357 seq.

Cyclades, ii. 214, iii. 163; Themistoklês levies fines on, v. 141.

Cycle, epic, ii. 122 seq.

Cyclic poets, ii. 122 seq.

Cyclôpes, i. 4, 5.

Cyprus, influence of Aphroditê upon, i. 5; Solon’s visit to, iii. 148; Phenicians and Greeks in, iii. 277; extension of the Ionic revolt to, iv. 291; subjugation of, by Phenicians and Persians, iv. 293; conquest of, by the Turks in 1570, iv. 293 n.; expedition to, under Kimon, v. 335; before and under Evagoras, x. 14 seq.; subjugation of, to the Persian king Ochus, xi. 437; surrender of the princes of, to Alexander, xii. 137.

Cyrenaica, iv. 36 n. 3, 37 n.

Cyropædia, Xenophon’s, iv. 183.

Cyrus the Great, early history and rise of, iv. 183 seq.; and Crœsus, war between, iv. 188 seq.; and the Lacedæmonians, iv. 199; conquests of, in Asia, iv. 209; capture of Babylon by, iv. 211 seq.; exploits and death of, iv. 215; effects of his conquests upon the Persians, iv. 216 seq.; the tomb of, xii. 237.

Cyrus the Younger, arrival of, in Asia Minor, B. C. 408, viii. 135, 137; Lysander’s visits to, at Sardis, viii. 140 seq., 214; pay of the Peloponnesian fleet by, viii. 143; and Kallikratidas, viii. 162; entrusts his satrapy and revenues to Lysander, viii. 214; and Artaxerxes Mnemon, viii. 312, ix. 8 seq.; youth and education of, ix. 5; his esteem for the Greeks and hopes of the crown, ix. 6; charge of Tissaphernes against, ix. 7; strict administration and prudent behavior of, ix. 9; forces of, collected at Sardis, ix. 11; march of, from Sardis to Kunaxa, ix. 14 seq.; assistance of Epyaxa to, ix. 18; review of his troops at Tyriæum, ix. 19; and Syennesis, ix. 20; at Tarsus, ix. 21 seq.; desertion of Xenias and Pasion from, ix. 28; at Thapsakus, ix. 29 seq.; in Babylonia, ix. 35 seq.; speech of, to his Greek forces in Babylonia, ix. 36; his conception of Grecian superiority, ix. 37; his present to the prophet Silanus, ix. 40; passes the undefended trench, ix. 41; at Kunaxa, ix. 42 seq.; character of, ix. 49; probable conduct of, towards Greece, if victorious at Kunaxa, ix. 51; and the Asiatic Greeks, ix. 207.

D.

Dædalus, i. 225, 228 seq.

Dæmon of Sokratês, viii. 408 seq.

Dæmons, i. 65, 67, 70 seq.; and gods, distinction between, i. 425 seq.; admission of, as partially evil beings, i. 427.

Damascus, capture of, by the Macedonians, xii. 128.

Damasithymus of Kalyndus, v. 135.

Danaê, legend of, i. 90.

Danaos and the Danaides, i. 88.

Dancing, Greek, iv. 85.

Daphnæus, at Agrigentum, x. 426 seq.; death of, x. 444.

Dardanus, son of Zeus, i. 285.

Daric, the golden, iv. 239 n. 2.

Darius Hystaspes, accession of, iv. 224 seq.; discontents of the satraps under, iv. 226 seq.; revolt of the Medes against, iv. 227 n.; revolt of Babylon against, iv. 230; organization of the Persian empire by, iv. 233 seq.; twenty satrapies of, iv. 235 seq.; organizing tendency, coinage, roads, and posts of, iv. 238 seq.; and Sylosôn, iv. 240; conquering dispositions of, iv. 252; probable consequences of an expedition by, against Greece before going against Scythia, iv. 260 seq.; invasion of Scythia by, iv. 262 seq.; his orders to the Ionians at the bridge over the Danube, iv. 269; return of, to Susa from Scythia, iv. 280; revenge of, against the Athenians, iv. 297; preparations of, for invading Greece, iv. 314; submission of Greeks to, before the battle of Marathon, iv. 315; heralds of, at Athens and Sparta, iv. 316; instructions of, to Datis and Artaphernês, iv. 329; resolution of, to invade Greece a second time, v. 1; death of, v. 2.

Darius, son of Artaxerxes Mnemon, x. 367.

Darius Codomannus, encouragement of anti-Macedonians in Greece by, xii. 20; his accession and preparations for defence against Alexander, xii. 76; irreparable mischief of Memnon’s death to, xii. 106; change in the plan of, after Memnon’s death, xii. 107, 109; puts Charidemus to death, xii. 108; Arrian’s criticism on the plan of, against Alexander, xii. 110; at Mount Amanus, xii. 115 seq.; advances into Kilikia, xii. 117; at Issus before the battle, xii. 117; defeat of, at Issus, xii. 118 seq.; capture of his mother, wife, and family by Alexander, xii. 124, 153; his correspondence with Alexander, xii. 130, 140; inaction of, after the battle of Issus, xii. 152; defeat of, at Arbela, xii. 155 seq.; a fugitive in Media, xii. 178, 180; pursued by Alexander into Parthia, xii. 182 seq.; conspiracy against, by Bessus and others, xii. 183 seq.; death of, xii. 185; Alexander’s disappointment in not taking him alive, xii. 186; funeral, fate, and conduct of, xii. 186.

Darius Nothus, ix. 2 seq.; death of, ix. 6.

Daskon, attack of Dionysius on the Carthaginian naval station at, x. 508.

Datames, x. 360.

Datis, siege and capture of Eretria by, iv. 330 seq.; conquest of Karystus by, iv. 331; Persian armament at Samos under, iv. 329; conquest of Naxos and other Cyclades by, iv. 330 seq.; forbearance of, towards Delos, iv. 330; at Marathon, iv. 333, 345 seq.; return of, to Asia, after the battle of Marathon, iv. 362.

Debtor and creditor, law of, at Athens before Solon, iii. 95; Roman law of, iii. 159 seq.

Debtors, Solon’s relief of, iii. 99; treatment of, according to Gallic and Teutonic codes, iii. 110 n.

Debts, the obligation of, inviolable at Athens, iii. 105, 113; distinction between the principal and interest of, in an early society, iii. 107.

Defence, means of, superior to those of attack in ancient Greece, ii. 111.

Deianeira, i. 151.

Deinokrates, xii. 406, 407, 440, 446 seq.

Dêïokes, iii. 227 seq.

Deities not included in the twelve great ones, i. 10; of guilds or trades, i. 344.

Dekamnichus, x. 47.

Dekarchies established by Lysander, ix. 184 seq., 194, 197.

Dekeleia, legend of, 159; fortification of, by the Lacedæmonians, vii. 286, 288, 364; Agis at, vii. 365, viii. 150.

Delian Apollo, i. 45.

Delian festival, iii. 167 seq.; early splendor and subsequent decline of, iv. 54; revival of, B. C. 426, vi. 312.

Delium, Hippokratês’s march to, and fortification of, B. C. 424, vi. 382 seq.; battle of, B. C. 424, vi. 389 seq.; siege and capture of, by the Bœotians, B. C. 424, vi. 396; Sokratês and Alkibiadês at the battle of, vi. 397.

Dêlos, Ionic festival at, iii. 167, seq., iv. 54; forbearance of Datis towards, iv. 330; the confederacy of, v. 263 seq., 290 seq.; the synod of, v. 301, 302; first breach of union in the confederacy of, v. 312; revolt of Thasos from the confederacy of, v. 315; transfer of the fund of the confederacy from, to Athens, v. 343; transition of the confederacy of, into an Athenian empire, v. 343; purification of, by the Athenians, vi. 312; restoration of the native population to, B. C. 421, vii. 23.

Delphi, temple and oracle of, i. 48 seq., ii. 253; oracle of, and the Battiad dynasty, iv. 41; early state and site of, iv. 59; growth of, iv. 62; conflagration and rebuilding of the temple at, iv. 120 seq.; the oracle at, worked by Kleisthenês, iv. 122; oracle of, and Xerxes’s invasion, v. 59 seq.; Xerxes’s detachment against, v. 417; proceedings of Sparta and Athens at, B. C. 452-447, v. 346; answer of the oracle of, to the Spartans on war with Athens, B. C. 432, vi. 92; reply of the oracle at, about Sokratês, viii. 412 seq.; Agesipolis and the oracle at, ix. 357; claim of the Phokians to the presidency of the temple at, xi. 245 seq.; Philomelus seizes and fortifies the temple at, xi. 247; Philomelus takes part of the treasures in the temple at, xi. 252; employment of the treasures in the temple at, by Onomarchus, xi. 255; Phayllus despoils the temple at, xi. 297; peculation of the treasures at, xi. 375; miserable death of all concerned in the spoliation of the temple at, xi. 434; relations of the Lokrians of Amphissa with, xi. 469; Amphiktyonic meeting at, B. C. 339, xi. 470 seq.

Delphian Apollo, reply of, to the remonstrance of Crœsus, iv. 189.

Delphians and Amphiktyons, attack of, upon Kirrha, xi. 474.

Delphinium at Athens, iii. 78 n.

Deluge of Deukaliôn, i. 96 seq.

Demades, reproof of Philip by, xi. 505; peace of, xi. 506 seq.; remark of, on hearing of Alexander’s death, xii. 257; Macedonizing policy of, xii. 278; and Phokion, embassy of, to Antipater, xii. 322; death of, xii. 338.

Demagogues, iii. 18, 21, viii. 39 seq.

Demaratus and Kleomenês, iv. 325 seq.; conversations of, with Xerxes, v. 40, 86, 96; advice of, to Xerxes after the death of Leonidas, v. 96.

Demes, Attic, iii. 63, 66, 68; iv. 132 seq.

Dêmêtêr, i. 6, 7, 10; foreign influence on the worship of, i. 24, 25; how represented in Homer and Hesiod, i. 37; Homeric hymn to, i. 38 seq.; legends of, differing from the Homeric hymn, i. 44; Hellenic importance of, i. 44.

Dêmêtrius of Skêpsis, on Ilium, i. 328.

Demetrius Phalereus, administration of, at Athens, xii. 362 seq.; retires to Egypt, xii. 374; condemnation of, xii. 378.

Demetrius Poliorketes, at Athens, xii. 373 seq., 382, 383 seq., 388; exploits of, B. C. 307-304, xii. 381; his successes in Greece against Kassander, xii. 382; march of, through Thessaly into Asia, xii. 386; return of, from Asia to Greece, xii. 388; acquires the crown of Macedonia, xii. 389; Greece under, xii. 389; captivity and death of, xii. 390.

Demiurgi, iii. 72.

Demochares, xii. 378, 380, 385, 392.

Democracies, Grecian, securities against corruption in, vii. 402.

Democracy, Athenian, iii. 128, 140; v. 380; effect of the idea of, upon the minds of the Athenians, iv. 179 seq.; at Athens, stimulus to, from the Persian war, v. 275; reconstitution of, at Samos, viii. 46 seq.; restoration of, at Athens, B. C. 411, viii. 75 seq., 80 seq., and B. C. 403, viii. 288, 300; moderation of Athenian, viii. 92, 304 seq.; at Samos, contrasted with the oligarchy of the Four Hundred, viii. 93 seq.

Democratical leaders at Athens, and the Thirty, viii. 240, 245 seq.; sentiment, increase of, at Athens, between B. C. 479-459, v. 355.

Dêmokêdês, romantic history of, iv. 253 seq.

Demônax, reform of Kyrênê by, iv. 44; constitution of, not durable, iv. 49.

Demophantus, psephism of, viii. 80.

Demos at Syracuse, v. 206.

Demosthenês the general, in Akarnania, vi. 296; expedition of, against Ætolia, vi. 296 seq.; saves Naupaktus, vi. 301; goes to protect Amphilochian Argos, vi. 302; his victory over Eurylochus at Olpæ, vi. 304 seq.; his triumphant return from Akarnania to Athens, vi. 312; fortifies and defends Pylus, vi. 317 seq.; application of, for reinforcements from Athens, to attack Sphakteria, vi. 334 seq.; victory of, in Sphakteria, vi. 341 seq.; attempt of, to surprise Megara and Nisæ, vi. 372 seq.; scheme of, for invading Bœotia, B. C. 424, vi. 379; unsuccessful descent upon Bœotia by, vi. 380; his evacuation of the fort at Epidaurus, vii. 97; expedition of, to Sicily, vii. 289, 298, 303; arrival of, at Syracuse, vii. 302, 304; plans of, on arriving at Syracuse, vii. 306; night attack of, upon Epipolæ, vii. 306 seq.; his proposals for removing from Syracuse, vii. 308 seq.; and Nikias, resolution of, after the final defeat in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 338; capture and subsequent treatment of, vii. 341 seq., 347; respect for the memory of, vii. 348; death of, vii. 347.

Demosthenes, father of the orator, xi. 265.

Demosthenes the orator, first appearance of, as public adviser in the Athenian assembly, xi. 263; parentage and early youth of, xi. 263 seq.; and his guardians, xi. 265; early rhetorical tendencies of, xi. 266; training and instructors of, xi. 268 seq.; action and matter of, xi. 271; first known as a composer of speeches for others, xi. 272; speech of, against Leptines, xi. 272; speech of, on the Symmories, xi. 285 seq.; exhortations of, to personal effort and sacrifice, xi. 289, 357; recommendations of, on Sparta and Megalopolis, xi. 291; first Philippic of, xi. 309 seq.; opponents of, at Athens, B. C. 351, xi. 318; earliest Olynthiac of, xi. 327 seq.; practical effect of his speeches, xi. 329; second Olynthiac of, xi. 331 seq.; allusions of, to the Theôric fund, xi. 334, 338; third Olynthiac of, xi. 335 seq., 336; insulted by Meidias, xi. 343; reproached for his absence from the battle of Tamynæ, xi. 344; serves as hoplite in Eubœa, and is chosen senator for, B. C. 349-348, xi. 345; order of the Olynthiacs of, xi. 358 seq.; and Æschines, on the negotiations with Philip, B. C. 347-346, xi. 371 n., 378 n.; speaks in favor of peace, B. C. 347, xi. 372; and the first embassy from Athens to Philip, xi. 380 seq., 386; failure of, in his speech before Philip, xi. 382; and the confederate synod at Athens respecting Philip, xi. 389 n., 390, 392 n. 3; and the motion of Philokratês for peace and alliance with Philip, xi. 391 seq.; and the exclusion of the Phokians from the peace and alliance between Athens and Philip, xi. 400 seq.; and the second embassy from Athens to Philip, xi. 403, 405 seq., 412, 415; and the third embassy from Athens to Philip, xi. 422; charges of, against Æschines, xi. 431; and the peace and alliance of Athens with Philip, B. C. 346, xi. 432; recommends acquiescence in the Amphiktyonic dignity of Philip, xi. 435; vigilance and warnings of, against Philip, after B. C. 246, xi. 444; speech on the Chersonese and third Philippic of, xi. 451; increased influence of, at Athens, B. C. 341-338, xi. 452; mission of, to the Chersonese and, Byzantium, xi. 453; vote of thanks to, at Athens, xi. 461; reform in the administration of the Athenian marine by, xi. 462 seq., 464 n.; his opposition to the proceedings of Æschines at the Amphiktyonic meeting, B. C. 339, xi. 478; on the special Amphiktyonic meeting at Thermopylæ, xi. 479; advice of, on hearing of the fortification of Elateia by Philip, xi. 486; mission of, to Thebes, B. C. 339, xi. 488 seq.; crowned at Athens, xi. 493, 496; at the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 498 seq., 501; confidence shown to, after the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 503, 509; conduct of, on the death of Philip, xii. 10; correspondence of, with Persia, xii. 20 seq.; accusation against, respecting the revolt of Thebes against Alexander, xii. 34; position and policy of, in Alexander’s time, xii. 278 seq.; and Æschines, judicial contest between, xii. 286 seq.; accusation against, in the affair of Harpalus, xii. 294 seq.; recall of, from exile, xii. 314; flight of, to Kalauria, xii. 322; condemnation and death of, xii. 326 seq.; life and character of, xii. 328 seq.

Derdas at Olynthus, x. 65.

Derkyllidas, in Asia, ix. 209 seq., 219 seq., 255; at Abydos and Sestos, ix. 320; superseded by Anaxibius at Abydos, ix. 368.

Despots, in Greece, iii. 4, 18 seq.; at Sikyôn, iii. seq., 39; at Corinth, iii. 41 seq.; of Asiatic Greece, deposition of, by Aristagoras, iv. 285; Sicilian, v. 206, 233.

Deukaliôn, i. 96 seq.

Dexippus, ix. 126, 149 seq.; x. 423, 429, 444.

Diadochi, Asia Hellenized by, xii. 269.

Diagoras, prosecution of, vii. 208.

Dialectics, Grecian, iv. 87; viii. 338, 345 seq., 454 seq.

Dictators in Greece, iii. 19.

Dido, legend of, iii. 347.

Digamma and the Homeric poems, ii. 147.

Diitrephês, vii. 356 seq.

Dikæus, vision of, v. 118.

Dikasteries, not established by Solon, iii. 125; Athenian, iv. 140 seq., v. 378 seq., 385, 393; constitution of, by Periklês, v. 355 seq., 366; working of, at Athens, v. 381 seq.; at Rhodes and other Grecian cities, v. 384 n. 2; jurisdiction of, over the subject-allies of Athens, vi. 39 seq., 42, 43, 45.

Dikasts, oath of, at Athens, iii. 105, viii. 298; Athenian iv. 141, 372; under Periklês, v. 357, 366, 376 seq., 388.

Dikon of Kaulonia, xi. 28.

Dimnus, xii. 191, 194.

Diodôrus, his historical versions of mythes, i. 413; statement of, respecting the generals at Arginusæ, viii. 184.

Diodotus, speech of, vi. 254 seq.

Diogenes and Alexander, xii. 48.

Diokleidês, vii. 198, 204.

Dioklês the Corinthian, ii. 297.

Dioklês the Syracusan, the laws of, x. 389 seq.; aid to Himera under, x. 410, 412; banishment of, x. 417.

Dio Chrysostom’s attempt to historicise the legend of Troy, i. 321.

Dio Chrysostom at Olbia, xii. 477 seq.

Diomêdês, return of, from Troy, i. 316.

Diomedon, pursuit of Chians by, vii. 375; at Teos and Lesbos, vii. 383; at Milêtus and Chios, vii. 385 seq.; at Samos, viii. 28; defeat of, by Kallikratidas, viii. 169.

Dion, his Dionysian connection, and character, xi. 58; Plato, and the Pythagoreans, xi. 56 seq.; political views of, xi. 58 seq.; maintains the confidence of Dionysius the Elder to the last, xi. 61; his visits to Peloponnesus and Athens, xi. 61; conduct of, on the accession of Dionysius the Younger, xi. 64 seq.; efforts of, to improve Dionysius the Younger, xi. 64 seq.; entreats Plato to visit Dionysius the Younger, xi. 69; and Plato urge Dionysius the Younger to reform himself, xi. 73; and Plato, intrigues of Philistus against, xi. 76; alienation of Dionysius the Younger from, xi. 77; banishment of, xi. 78; property of, confiscated by Dionysius the Younger, xi. 82; resolution of, to avenge himself on Dionysius the Younger, and free Syracuse, xi. 82 seq., 85; forces of, at Zakynthus, xi. 84, 87; expedition of, against Dionysius the Younger, xi. 85 seq.; entry of, into Syracuse, B. C. 357, xi. 92 seq.; chosen general by the Syracusans, xi. 94; captures Epipolæ and Euryalus, xi. 95; blockade of Ortygia by, xi. 95, 98, 114; negotiations of Dionysius the Younger with, xi. 97, 104; victory of, over Dionysius the Younger, xi. 97 seq.; intrigues of Dionysius the Younger against, xi. 103; suspicions of the Syracusans against, xi. 100, 193, 118; and Herakleides, xi. 101, 103, 112, 115 seq., 121, 122; deposition and retreat of, from Syracuse, xi. 105; at Leontini, xi. 106, 108, 109; repulse of Nepsius and rescue of Syracuse by, xi. 108 seq.; entry of, into Syracuse, B. C. 356, xi. 110; entry of, into Ortygia, xi. 117; conduct of, on his final triumph, xi. 118 seq.; his omission to grant freedom to Syracuse, xi. 119 seq.; opposition to, as dictator, xi. 121 seq.; tyranny, unpopularity and disquietude of, xi. 122 seq.; death and character of, xi. 123 seq.; and Timoleon, contrast between, xi. 195 seq.

Dionysia, Attic, i. 31, iv. 69.

Dionysiac festival at Athens, B. C. 349, xi. 343.

Dionysius, Phôkæan, iv. 305 seq., 309.

Dionysius the Elder, and Konon, ix. 325; demonstration against, at Olympia, B. C. 384, x. 73 seq., xi. 27 seq.; triremes of, captured by Iphikrates, x. 151; first appearance of, at Syracuse, x. 420; movement of the Hermokratean party to elevate, x. 432; harangue of, against the Syracusan generals at Agrigentum, x. 433 seq.; one of the generals of Syracuse, x. 434 seq.; first expedition of, to Gela, x. 438; accusations of, against his colleagues, x. 439; election of, as sole general, x. 440; stratagem of, to obtain a body-guard, x. 441 seq.; establishes himself as despot at Syracuse, x. 444 seq., 454; second expedition of, to Gela, x. 447 seq.; charges of treachery against, x. 451, 456; mutiny of the Syracusan horsemen against, x. 451 seq.; and Imilkon, peace between, x. 455 seq.; sympathy of Sparta with, x. 457; strong position of, after his peace with Imilkon, x. 457; fortification and occupation of Ortygia by, x. 458 seq.; re-distribution of property by, x. 459 seq.; exorbitant exactions of, x. 461; mutiny of the Syracusan soldiers against, x. 462 seq.; besieged in Ortygia, x. 462 seq.; strengthens his despotism, x. 466 seq.; conquers Ætna, Naxus, Katana, and Leontini, x. 467; at Enna, x. 468; resolution of, to make war upon Carthage, B. C. 400, x. 469; additional fortifications at Syracuse by, x. 471 seq.; preparations of, for war with Carthage, B. C. 399-397, x. 473, 477 seq.; improved behavior of, to the Syracusans, B. C. 399, x. 473; conciliatory policy of, towards the Greek cities, near the Strait of Messênê, B. C. 399, x. 474 seq.; marriage of, with Doris and Aristomachê, x. 476, 480; exhorts the Syracusan assembly to war against Carthage, x. 481; permits the plunder of the Carthaginians at Syracuse, x. 482; declares war against Carthage, B. C. 397, x. 483; marches against the Carthaginians in Sicily, B. C. 397, x. 483 seq.; siege and capture of Motyê by, x. 485 seq.; revolt of the Sikels from, x. 494; provisions of, for the defence of Syracuse against the Carthaginians B. C. 396, x. 494; naval defeat of, near Katana, x. 495; retreat of, from Katana to Syracuse, B. C. 395, x. 497; Syracusan naval victory over the Carthaginians in the absence of, x. 501; speech of Theôdorus against, x. 501 seq.; discontent of the Syracusans with, B. C. 395, x. 501 seq.; and Pharakidas, x. 504; attacks the Carthaginian camp before Syracuse and sacrifices his mercenaries, x. 507; success of, by sea and land against the Carthaginians before Syracuse, x. 508; secret treaty of, with Imilkon before Syracuse, x. 510; and the Iberians, x. 510; capture of Libyans by, x. 510; difficulties of, from his mercenaries, xi. 2; re-establishment of Messênê by, xi. 3; conquests of, in the interior of Sicily, B. C., 394, xi. 4; at Tauromenium, xi. 5, 8; and the Sikels, B. C. 394-393, xi. 5, 6; declaration of Agrigentum against, B. C. 393, xi. 6; victory of, near Abakæna, xi. 6; expedition of, against Rhegium, B. C. 393, xi. 7; repulses Magon at Agyrium, xi. 7; plans of against the Greek cities in southern Italy, xi. 8; alliance of, with the Lucanians against the Italiot Greeks, xi. 11; attack of, upon Rhegium, B. C. 390, xi. 11; expedition of, against the Italian Greeks, B. C. 389, xi. 14 seq.; his capture and generous treatment of Italiot Greeks, xi. 15; besieges and grants peace to Rhegium, xi. 16; capture of Kaulonia and Hipponium by, xi. 7; capture of Rhegium by, xi. 7, 18, 21; cruelty of, to Phyton, xi. 19; and Sparta, ascendancy of, B. C. 387, xi. 22; capture of Kroton, by xi. 23; schemes of for conquests in Epirus and Illyria, xi. 23; plunders Latium, Etruria, and the temple of Agylla, xi. 25; poetical compositions of, xi. 26; dislike and dread of, in Greece, xi. 25, 30; harshness of, to Plato, xi. 39; new constructions and improvements by, at Syracuse, B. C. 387-383, xi. 39; renews the war wish Carthage, B. C. 383, xi. 41 seq.; disadvantageous peace of, with Carthage, B. C. 383, xi. 42; projected wall of, across the Calabrian peninsula, xi. 43; relations of, with Central Greece, B. C. 382-369, xi. 44; war of, with Carthage, B. C. 368, xi. 44; gains the tragedy prize at the Lenæan festival at Athens, xi. 46; death and character of, xi. 46 seq., 62; family left by, xi. 54, 62; the good opinion of, enjoyed by Dion to the last, xi. 61; drunken habits of his descendants, xi. 132.

Dionysius the Younger, age of, at his father’s death, xi. 55 n. 1; accession and character of, xi. 63; Dion’s efforts to improve, xi. 67 seq.; Plato’s visits to, xi. 69 seq., 80 seq.; Plato’s injudicious treatment of, xi. 73 seq.; his hatred and injuries to Dion, xi. 77, 78, 81 seq.; detention of Plato by, xi. 79; Dion’s expedition against, xi. 85 seq.; weakness and drunken habits of, xi. 87; absence of, from Syracuse, B. C. 357, xi. 89; negotiations of, with Dion and the Syracusans, xi. 96, 104; defeat of, by Dion, xi. 97 seq.; blockaded in Ortygia by Dion, xi. 98; intrigues of, against Dion, xi. 101, 103; his flight in Lokri, xi. 104; return of, to Syracuse, xi. 133; at Lokri, xi. 133; his surrender of Ortygia to Timoleon, xi. 150; at Corinth, xi. 151 seq.

Dionysius of the Pontic Herakleia, xii. 465 seq.

Dionysus, worship of, i. 23, 24, 30, 33; legend of, in the Homeric hymn to, i. 34; alteration of the primitive Grecian idea of, i. 36 seq.

Diopeithes, xi. 450.

Dioskuri, i. 172.

Diphilus at Naupaktus, B. C. 413, vii. 358.

Diphridas, in Asia, ix. 363.

Dirkê, i. 263.

Discussion, growth of, among the Greeks, iv. 96.

Dithyramb, iv. 88.

Dôdôna, i. 396.

Doloneia, ii. 178, 189.

Dolonkians and Miltiadês the first, iv. 117.

Dorian cities in Peloponnesus about 450 B. C., ii. 298; islands in the Ægean and the Dorians in Argolis, ii. 323; immigration to Peloponnesus, ii. 303; settlers at Argos and Corinth, ii. 308 seq., 311; settlement in Sparta, ii. 328; allotment of land at Sparta, ii. 416; mode, the, ii. 433, iii. 212; states, inhabitants of, iii. 31; tribes at Sikyôn, names of, iii. 32, 35.

Dorians, early accounts of, 103 seq.; ii. 2; mythical title of, to the Peloponnesus, ii. 6; their occupation of Argos, Sparta, Messenia, and Corinth, ii. 8, 9; early Krêtan, ii. 310; in Argolis and the Dorian islands in the Ægean, ii. 323; of Sparta and Stenyklêrus, ii. 326 seq.; divided into three tribes, ii. 361; Messenian, ii. 438; Asiatic, iii. 201, 202; of Ægina, iv. 172.

Doric dialect, ii. 337 seq., iv. 87; emigrations, ii. 25 seq.

Dorieus the Spartan Prince, aid of, to Kinyps, iv. 39; and the Krotoniates, iv. 415, 416; Sicily, v. 207.

Dorieus the Rhodian, vii. 394, viii. 116, 117; capture and liberation of, viii. 159; treatment of, by the Athenians and Lacedæmonians, ix. 273 seq.; and Hermokrates in the Ægean, x. 385.

Doris, i. 102, ii. 289.

Doris, wife of Dionysius, x. 476, 480.

Doriskus, Xerxes at, v. 31 seq.

Dorkis, v. 256, 257.

Dôrus, i. 99 seq.

Drako and his laws, iii. 73 seq.

Dramatic genius, development of, at Athens, viii. 317 seq.

Drangiana, Alexander in, xii. 190 seq., 191.

Drepanê, i. 239.

Dryopians, settlements of, formed by sea, ii. 310.

Dryopis, ii. 289.

Duketius, the Sikel prince, iii. 374, vii. 122 seq.

Dymanes, Hylleis, and Pamphyli, ii. 360.

Dyrrachium, iii. 407 seq.

E.

Earliest Greeks, residences of, ii. 108 seq.

Early poets, historical value of, ii. 45.

Echemus, i. 95, 177.

Echidna, i. 7.

Eclipse of the sun in a battle between Medes and Lydians, iii. 231; of the moon, B. C. 413, vii. 315; of the moon, B. C. 333, xii. 151.

Edda, the, i. 479.

Edessa, the dynasty of, iv. 13, 17.

Eetioneia, fort at, viii. 57, 63; viii. 67.

Egesta, application of, to Athens, vii. 145 seq.; application of, to Carthage, x. 401 seq.; Syracusan attack upon, x. 489; barbarities of Agathokles at, xii. 445.

Egypt, influence of, upon the religion of Greece, i. 24, 29, 31; the opening of, to Grecian commerce, i. 365; ante-Hellenic colonies from, to Greece not probable, ii. 267; Solon’s visit to, iii. 148; Herodotus’s account of, iii. 308 seq.; antiquity of, iii. 311; peculiar physical and moral features of, iii. 311; large town-population in, iii. 319; profound submission of the people in, iii. 320, 321; worship of animals in, iii. 322; relations of, with Assyria, iii. 324; archæology and chronology of, iii. 339 seq.; and Kyrênê, iv. 42; Persian expedition from, against Barka, iv. 49; Kambyses’s invasion and conquest of, iv. 219; revolt and reconquest of, under Xerxes, v. 3; defeat and losses of the Athenians in, v. 333; unavailing efforts of Persia to reconquer, x. 13; Agesilaus and Chabrias in, x. 362 seq.; reconquest of, by Ochus, xi. 439; march of Alexander towards, xii. 141, 142, 145; Alexander in, xii. 146 seq.

Egyptians, ethnography of, iii. 264; contrasted with Greeks, Phenicians, and Assyrians, iii. 304; and Ethiopians, iii. 313; effect of, on the Greek mind, iii. 343.

Eileithyia, i. 10.

Eion, capture of, by Kimon, v. 295 seq.; defended by Thucydidês against Brasidas, vi. 411; Kleon at, vi. 471.

Ekbatana, foundation of, iii. 228; Darius at, xii. 180; Alexander at, xii. 181 seq., 246 seq.; Parmenio at, xii. 181, 196 seq.

Ekdikus, expedition of, to Rhodes, ix. 363.

Ekklesia, Athenian, iv. 139.

Elæa, iii. 191.

Elæus, escape of the Athenian squadron from Sestos to, viii. 106; Mindarus and Thrasyllus at, viii. 109, 113.

Elateia, re-fortification of, by Philip, xi. 483.

Elatus, i. 178.

Elea, Phôkæan colony at, iv. 206; vii. 127.

Eleatic school, viii. 343 seq., 369.

Elegiac verse of Kallinus, Tyrtæus, and Mimnermus, iv. 78.

Eleian genealogy, i. 138, 141.

Eleians excluded from the Isthmian games, i. 140; and the Olympic games, ii. 10, 321; and Pisatans, ii. 434, 439; their exclusion of the Lacedæmonians from the Olympic festival, vii. 57 seq.; desert the Argeian allies, vii. 76; and Arcadians, X. 314 seq., 324; exclusion of, from the Olympic festival, B. C. 364, x. 318 seq.

Elektra and Thaumas, progeny of, i. 7.

Elektryôn, death of, i. 92.

Eleusinian mysteries, i. 38, 41, 43; alleged profanation of, by Alkibiadês and others, vii. 175 seq., 211 seq.; celebration of, protected by Alkibiades, viii. 150.

Eleusinians, seizure and execution of by the Thirty at Athens, viii. 267.

Eleusis, temple of, i. 40; importance of mysteries to, i. 43; early independence of, iii. 71; retirement of the Thirty to, viii. 266; capture of, viii. 274.

Eleutheria, institution of, at Platæa, v. 189.

Elis, genealogy of, i. 137, 139; Oxylus and the Ætolians at, ii. 9; Pisa, Triphylia, and Lepreum, ii. 39, 440; formation of the city of, v. 315; revolt of, from Sparta to Argos, vii. 18 seq.; and Lepreum, vii. 18; and Sparta, war between, ix. 224 seq.; claim of, to Triphylia and the Pisatid, x. 260 seq., 313; alienation of, from the Arcadians, x. 260; alliance of, with Sparta and Achaia, x. 313.

Elymi, iii. 349.

Emigrants to Iônia, the, ii. 21 seq.

Emigration, early, from Greece, iii. 349.

Emigrations consequent on the Dorian occupation of the Peloponnesus, ii. 12; Æolic, Ionic, and Doric, ii. 19 seq.

Empedoklês, i. 424 seq., vii. 127, viii. 340.

Emporiæ, xii. 455.

Endius, viii. 122 seq.

Endymiôn, stories of, i. 137.

Eneti, the, i. 319.

England, her government of her dependencies compared with the Athenian empire, vi. 48 n.

Eniênes, ii. 286.

Enna, Dionysius at, x. 468.

Ennea Hodoi, v. 310, vi. 12.

Enômoties, ii. 456 seq.

Entella, Syracusan attack upon, x. 490, 497.

Eos, i. 6.

Epaminondas, and the conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at Thebes, x. 81, 87, 124 seq.; training and character of, x. 121 seq.; and Pelopidas, x. 121; and Kallistratus, x. 164, 288; and Agesilaus at the congress at Sparta, x. 167 seq., 173; at Leuktra, x. 179; and Orchomenus, x. 194; proceedings and views of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 213 seq.; expeditions of, into Peloponnesus, x. 215 seq., x. 254 seq., 266 seq., 343 seq.; foundation of Megalopolis and Messênê by, x. 224 seq.; his retirement from Peloponnesus, x. 233; his trial of accountability, x. 239 seq.; mildness of, x. 259; and the Theban expedition to Thessaly, to rescue Pelopidas, x. 283, 285; mission of, to Arcadia, x. 288; Theban fleet and naval expedition under, x. 303 seq.; and Menekleidas, x. 268, 304 seq.; and the destruction of Orchomenus, x. 312; and the arrest of Arcadians by the Theban harmost at Tegea, x. 326 seq.; attempted surprise of Mantinea by the cavalry of, x. 332 seq.; at the battle of Mantinea, x. 335 seq.; death of, x. 346 seq., character of, x. 351 seq.

Epeians, i. 138, 141 seq., ii. 12.

Epeius of Panopeus, i. 302, 312.

Epeunaktæ, iii. 387.

Ephesus, iii. 180 seq.; capture of, by Crœsus, iii. 260; defeat of Thrasyllus at, viii. 129; Lysander at, viii. 152, 215; capture of, by Alexander, xii. 90.

Ephetæ, iii. 77, 79 seq.

Ephialtês, the Alôid, i. 136.

Ephialtês, the general, xii. 46, 95, 97.

Ephialtês, the statesman, v. 366, 372; and Periklês, constitution of dikasteries by, v. 357 seq.; judicial reform of, v. 368.

Ephors, Spartan, ii. 350, 352 seq., 358, vii. 24; appointment of, at Athens, viii. 236.

Ephorus, i. 409, ii. 369.

Epic cycle, ii. 122 seq.

Epic poems, lost, ii. 121; recited in public, not read in private, ii. 135; variations in the mode of reciting, ii. 141 seq.; long, besides the Iliad and Odyssey, ii. 156.

Epic poetry in early Greece, ii. 118 seq.

Epic poets and their dates, ii. 122.

Epic of the middle ages, i. 481.

Epical localities, transposition of, i. 245; age preceding the lyrical, iv. 74.

Epicharmus, i. 376 n.

Epidamnus, iii. 407 seq.; and the Illyrians, iv. 6 seq.; foundation of, vi. 51; application of the democracy at, to Korkyra and Corinth, vi. 52; attacked by the Korkyræans, vi. 53; expeditions from Corinth to, vi. 53.

Epidaurus, attack of Argos and Athens upon, vii. 64, 68; ravaged by the Argeians, vii. 69; Lacedæmonian movements in support of, vii. 69; attempts of the Argeians to storm, vii. 70; operations of the Argeian allies near, vii. 90; evacuation of the fort at, vii. 97.

Epigoni, the, i. 278, ii. 130 n. 2.

Epimenides, visit of, to Athens, i. 28.

Epimenides of Krete, iii. 87 seq.

Epimêtheus, i. 6, 74.

Epipolæ, vii. 245; intended occupation of, by the Syracusans, vii. 247; occupation of, by the Athenians, vii. 247; defeat of the Athenians at, vii. 272; Demosthenês’s night-attack upon, vii. 305 seq.; capture of by Dion, xi. 95; capture of, by Timoleon, xi. 160.

Epirots, ii. 233, iii. 351, 413 seq.; attack of, upon Akarnania, vi. 193 seq.

Epirus, discouraging to Grecian colonization, iii. 417; Dionysius’s schemes of conquest in, xi. 23; government of Olympias in, xii. 394, 395 n. 2.

Epistatês, iv. 138.

Epitadas, vi. 334, 345 seq., 342.

Epitadeus, the Ephor, ii. 406.

Epôdus, introduction of, iv. 89.

Epyaxa, and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 18.

Eræ, revolt of, from Athens, vii. 375.

Erasinides, trial and imprisonment of, viii. 180.

Eratosthenês, viii. 248, 272, 292.

Erechtheion, restoration of, vi. 21.

Erechtheus, i. 191 seq., 198, 204.

Eresus, Thrasyllus at, viii. 101.

Eretria, iii. 164 seq., 170 seq.; assistance of, to the Milesians, iv. 290; siege and capture of, by Datis, iv. 331 seq.; fate of captives taken by Datis at, iv. 362; naval defeat of the Athenians near viii. 71 seq.; Phokion at, xi. 339 seq.; Philippizing faction at, xi. 449; liberation of, xi. 452.

Ergoklês, ix. 368 n. 1.

Ergophilus, x. 369 seq.

Erichthonius, i. 192, 196, 285.

Eriphylê, i. 272 seq.

Erôs, i. 4; and Aphrodite, function of, i. 5.

Erytheia, i. 249.

Erythræ, iii. 187, vii. 371.

Eryx, defeat of Dionysius at, xi. 46.

Eryxô and Learchus, iv. 43.

Eteokles, i. 128, 267, 280.

Eteonikus, expulsion of, from Thasos, viii. 127; at Mitylênê, viii. 170; escape of, from Mitylênê to Chios, viii. 174, 190; at Chios, viii. 211; removal of, from Chios to Ephesus, viii. 213; in Ægina, ix. 372, 375.

Ethiopians and Egyptians, iii. 313.

Etruria, plunder of, by Dionysius, xi. 25.

Euæphnus and Polycharês, ii. 426.

Eubœa, iii. 163 seq.; resolution of Greeks to oppose Xerxes at the strait on the north of, v. 71; advance of the Persian fleet to, v. 102; revolt and reconquest of, by Periklês, v. 349; application from, to Agis, vii. 364; revolt of, from Athens, B. C. 411, viii. 73; Peloponnesian fleet summoned from, by Mindarus, viii. 111; bridge joining Bœotia and, viii. 112, 118; rescued from Thebes by Athens, B. C. 358, xi. 216 seq.; revolt of, from Athens, B. C. 350-349, xi. 339 seq.; intrigues of Philip in, xi. 339; expedition of Phokion to, B. C. 342, xi. 340 seq.; hostilities in, B. C. 349-348, xi. 345; Philippizing factions in, B. C. 342, xi. 449; expedition of Phokion to, B. C. 341, xi. 452.

Eubœa in Sicily, v. 215.

Euboic scale, ii. 319, 324, iii. 171.

Euboic synod, xi. 453.

Eubulus, xi. 277, 308, 366, 368, 394.

Eudamidas, x. 58, 65.

Euemerus’s treatment of mythes, i. 411.

Euenus, i. 112.

Eukleides, archonship of, viii. 280, 309.

Eukles, vi. 407, 409, 413 seq.

Eumachus, xii. 438, 439.

Eumelus of Bosporus, xii. 481 seq.

Eumelus the poet, i. 120 seq.

Eumenes, xii. 74; and Hephæstion, xii. 246; and Perdikkas, xii. 320; victory of, over Kraterus and Neoptolemus, xii. 336 seq.; attempts of, to uphold Alexander’s dynasty in Asia, xii. 340 seq.; and Antigonus, xii. 337.

Eumenides, Æschylus’s, and the Areopagus, iii. 80 n.

Eumolpus, i. 202 seq.

Eunomus, ix. 374.

Eupatridæ, iii. 72 seq.

Euphaes, ii. 426.

Euphemus, speech of, at Kamarina, vii. 231.

Euphiletus and Melêtus, vii. 204.

Euphræus, xi. 206, 448.

Euphrates, Cyrus the Younger at, ix. 31; the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 103; Alexander at, xii. 150, 250.

Euphron, x. 269 seq.

Euripides, faults imputed to, i. 389 seq.; story about the dramas of, and the Athenian prisoners in Sicily, vii. 346; number of tragedies by, viii. 319 n.; Æschylus and Sophokles, viii. 322 seq.; and Dekamnichus, x. 47.

Euripides, financial proposal of, ix. 380 n.

Euripus, bridge across, viii. 112, 118.

Eurôpa, i. 218 seq., 527.

Eurotas, crossed by Epaminondas, x. 218.

Euryalus, Hamilkar’s attempt on, xii. 423.

Eurybatês, v. 49.

Eurybiades, v. 75, 120 seq.

Eurydike, widow of Amyntas, x. 250.

Eurydike, granddaughter of Philip, xii. 333, 334, 337.

Euryleon, v. 207.

Eurylochus, vi. 301, 302, 304, 305.

Eurymedon, victories of the, v. 308.

Eurymedon at Korkyra, vi. 274 seq.; and Sophokles, expedition of, to Korkyra and Sicily, vi. 316 seq., 360 seq.; at Pylus, vi. 322 seq., 333; expeditions of, to Sicily, vii. 133, 136, 287; return of, from Sicily to Athens, vii. 139.

Eurynomê and Zeus, offspring of, i. 10.

Euryptolemus, viii. 177 n., 184, 197, 200 seq.

Eurypylus, i. 301.

Eurystheus, i. 91, 92, 93, 94.

Eurytos, i. 139, 151.

Eurytus, v. 94.

Eutæa, Agesilaus at, B. C. 370, x. 211.

Euthydemus, Plato’s, viii. 392 n.

Euthykrates and Lasthenes, xi. 351, 352.

Euxine, Greek settlements on, iii. 236; iv. 27, ix. 121; first sight of, by the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 111; indigenous tribes on, ix. 122; the Greeks on, and the Ten Thousand, ix. 123 seq.; Xenophon’s idea of founding a new city on the, ix. 132 seq.

Evadnê, i. 278.

Evagoras, ix. 364, 374, x. 14 seq.

F.

Family tie, in legendary Greece, ii. 83; rites in Greece, iii. 51.

Fates, i. 7; and Crœsus, iv. 195 seq.

Ferdousi, Persian epic of, i. 641.

Festivals, Grecian, i. 51, ii. 228, iv. 53, 67 seq., 71 seq.; at Athens, viii. 324.

Fiction, plausible, i. 435; ii. 51.

Fictitious matter in Greek tradition, i. 433.

Financial changes, Kleisthenean, iv. 137.

Five Thousand, the, at Athens, viii. 31, 54 n., 61, 75 n. 1, 78 seq.

Flaying alive by Persians and Turks, iv. 293 n. 2.

Fleece, Golden, legend of, i. 123.

Flute, use of, in Sparta, iv. 87.

Fortification of towns in early Greece, ii. 108 seq.; of the Grecian camp in the Iliad, ii. 186.

Four Hundred, the oligarchy of, viii. 30 seq.

Frenzy, religious, of women, i. 30 seq.

Funeral ceremony at Athens over slain warriors, vi. 31; orations, besides that of Periklês, vi. 142 n.; obsequies of Hephæstion, xii. 252, 254.

Funerals, Solon’s regulations about iii. 140.

G.

Gadês, iii. 271 seq.; voyage from Corinth to, in the seventh and sixth centuries B. C., iii. 277.

Gæa, i. 4, 6, 9.

Gæsylus, xi. 116.

Games, Olympic, i. 100, ii. 241 seq., 317 seq., iv. 55 seq.; Isthmian, i. 124, ii. 306 n. 1, iv. 65; the four great Grecian, ii. 240, iv. 67, 80 seq.; Solon’s rewards to victors at, iii. 141; Pythian, iv. 58, 64 seq.; Nemean, iv. 65.

Gamori, iii. 30; at Syracuse, v. 206.

Gargaphia, fountain of, v. 165 n. 3.

Gaugamela, battle of, xii. 155 seq.

Gauls, embassy of, to Alexander, xii. 28; invasion of Greece by, xii. 390.

Gaza, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 142 seq.

Gedrosia, Alexander in, xii. 200, 236.

Gela, v. 208; and Syracuse, before B. C. 500, v. 204; Kleander of, v. 208; Gelo, despot of, v. 213 seq.; congress of Sicilian cities at, vii. 137; and Hannibal’s capture of Selinus, x. 408; expeditions of Dionysius to, x. 438, 439, 447 seq.; capture of, by Imilkon, x. 447 seq.; Timoleon and the fresh colonization of, xi. 187; Agathokles at, xii. 408.

Geleontes, iii. 51.

Gelo, v. 67, 204-239.

Gelôni, iii. 244.

Gelonian dynasty, fall of, v. 233; citizens of Syracuse, v. 234 seq.

Genealogies, Grecian, i. 80 seq., 448; Argeian, i. 81, mythical, i. 191, 445 seq.; Egyptian, i. 448; Clinton’s vindication of, ii. 37 seq.

Genealogy, Corinthian, of Eumelus, i. 120 seq.; of Orchomenos, i. 127 seq.; Eleian, i. 139; Ætolian, i. 143; Laconian, i. 168; Messênian i. 171; Arcadian, i. 173.

Generals, Kleisthenean, iv. 136.

Gentes, Attic, iii. 53 seq., 66 seq.; analogy between those of Greece and other nations, iii. 58 seq.; Grecian, patronymic names of, iii. 63; difference between Grecian and Roman, iii. 65; non-members of, under Solon, iii. 133.

Geographical knowledge, Hesiodic and Homeric, ii. 114; views of Alexander, xii. 232 n. 1.

Geography, fabulous, i. 245 seq.; Homeric, iii. 204; of the retreat of the Ten Thousand, ix. 115 seq.

Geological features of Greece, ii. 215.

Geomori, iii. 30, 72.

Gergis, iii. 197; Derkyllidas at, ix. 212.

Gergithes, iii. 197.

German progress brought about by violent external influences, i. 463; mythes, i. 464.

Gerontes, ii. 66.

Geronthræ, conquest of, ii. 419.

Geryôn, i. 7, 249.

Getæ, Alexander’s defeat of, xii. 24.

Gigantes, birth of, i. 5, 9 n.

Gillus, iv. 258.

Giskon, x. 401, 403 n., xi. 180.

Glaukæ, xii. 230.

Glauke, i. 117.

Glaukon, discourse of, in Plato’s Republic, viii. 391.

Glaukus, i. 224.

Gnomic, Greek poets, iv. 90 seq.

Gnomon, whence obtained by the Greeks, iii. 345.

Goddesses, and gods, twelve great, i. 10.

Gods, Grecian, how conceived by the Greeks, i. 3 seq., 347 seq.; and dæmons, i. 425 seq.; and men, i. 449.

Golden Fleece, legend of, i. 123.

Golden race, the, i. 65.

Gongylus, the Corinthian, vii. 265, 271.

Good, etc., meaning of, in early Greek writers, ii. 64; double sense of the Greek and Latin equivalents of, iii. 45 n. 4.

Gordian knot, Alexander cuts the, xii. 104.

Gordium, Alexander’s march from, xii. 111.

Gordius, legend of, iii. 217.

Gorgias of Leontini, vii. 128, 132, viii. 369, 382.

Gorgons, i. 90.

Gorgôpas at Ægina, ix. 373 seq.

Government of historical and legendary Greece, ii. 60 seq.; heroic, ii. 75; earliest changes of, in Greece, iii. 4 seq.; kingly, iii. 5 seq.; change from monarchical to oligarchical in Greece, iii. 15 seq.

Governments, Grecian, weakness of, iv. 152.

Graces, the, i. 10.

Grææ, i. 7.

Græci, ii. 269.

Græcia Magna, iii. 399.

Græco-Asiatic cities, xii. 271.

Granikus, battle of the, xii. 80 seq.; Athenians captured at the, xii. 105.

Graphê Paranomôn, v. 375 seq.; abolition of, B. C. 411, viii. 36.

Grecian mythes, i. 51, 426 seq.; genealogies, i. 80 seq.; mythology, sources of our information on, i. 106; intellect, expansive force of, i. 362; progress between B. C. 700 and 500, i. 365 seq.; antiquity, i. 445, 448; genealogies, i. 447; townsman, intellectual acquisitions of a, i. 458; poetry, matchless, i. 463; progress self-operated, i. 463; mythology, how it would have been affected by the introduction of Christianity, B. C. 500, i. 467; mythes, proper treatment of, i. 487 seq.; computation of time, ii. 115 n. 2; festivals, intellectual influence of, ii. 228; history, first and second periods of, ii. 270 seq., iv. 52; opinion, change in, on the decision of disputes by champions, ii. 451; states, growing communion of, between B. C. 600 and 547, ii. 461; “faith”, iii. 115; settlements on the Euxine, iii. 236; marine and commerce, growth of, iii. 336; colonies in Southern Italy, iii. 374 seq.; world about 560 B. C., iii. 398; history, want of unity in, iv. 51, 52; games, influence of, upon the Greek mind, iv. 70 seq.; art, beginnings and importance of, iv. 98 seq.; architecture, iv. 99; governments, weakness of, iv. 152; world, in the Thirty years’ truce, vi. 47; and barbarian military feeling, contrast between, vi. 446; youth, society and conversation of, vii. 33 n.; states, complicated relations among, B. C. 420, vii. 52, and B. C. 366, x. 292; philosophy, negative side of, viii. 345; dialectics, their many-sided handling of subjects, viii. 454 seq.; states embassies from, at Pella, B. C. 346, xi. 404 seq.; captives, mutilated, at Persepolis, xii. 173; history, bearing of Alexander’s Asiatic campaigns on, xii. 179 seq.; mercenaries under Darius, xii. 183, 184, 188, 189; envoys with Darius, xii. 189; world, state of, B. C. 334, xii. 275; exiles, Alexander’s rescript directing the recall of, xii. 310 seq.

Greece, legends of, originally isolated, afterwards thrown into series, i. 105; legendary and historical, state of society and manners in, ii. 57-118; subterranean course of rivers in, ii. 218; difficulty of land communication in, ii. 220; accessibility of, by sea, ii. 222; islands and colonies of, ii. 224; difference between the land-states and sea-states in, ii. 225; effects of the configuration of, ii. 226 seq.; mineral and other productions of, ii. 229 seq.; climate of, ii. 232; difference between the inhabitants of different parts of, ii. 233; ante-Hellenic inhabitants of, ii. 261;; discontinuance of kingship in, iii. 7; anti-monarchical sentiment of, iii. 11 seq., iv. 176; the voyage from, to Italy or Sicily, iii. 361; seven wise men of, iv. 94 seq.; first advance of, towards systematic conjunction, iv. 174; probable consequences of a Persian expedition against, before that against Scythia, iv. 261 seq.; on the eve of Xerxes’s invasion, v. 57, 60; first separation of, into two distinct parties, v. 262 seq., 290; proceedings in central, between B. C. 470-464, v. 312; state of feeling in, between B. C. 445-431, vi. 76; bad morality of the rich and great in, vi. 284; atmospherical disturbances in, B. C. 427, vi. 293; warlike preparations in, during the winter of B. C. 414-413, vii. 287; alteration of feeling in, after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 259, 264, 275; disgust in, at the Thirty at Athens, viii. 262; degradation of, by the peace of Antalkidas, x. 2 seq., 10; effect of the battle of Leuktra on, x. 184, 185, 193; relations of Dionysius with, B. C. 382-369, xi. 44; state of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 197; decline of citizen-soldiership and increase of mercenaries in, after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280 seq.; effect of the peace and alliance between Philip and Athens upon, xi. 430; movements and intrigues of Philip throughout, after B. C. 346, xi. 443 seq.; state of, on Alexander’s accession, xii. 1, 9 seq.; march of Alexander into, B. C. 336, xii. 11; Macedonian interventions in, B. C. 336-335, xii. 16 seq.; terror in, on the destruction of Thebes by Alexander, xii. 43; connection of Alexander with, history of, xii. 50 seq., 179 seq.; an appendage to Macedonia under Alexander, xii. 52; military changes in, during the sixty years before Alexander’s accession, xii. 53 seq.; possibility of emancipating, during Alexander’s earlier Asiatic campaigns, xii. 276; hopes raised in, by the Persian fleet and armies, B. C. 334-331, xii. 276; submission of, to Antipater, xii. 285; effect of Alexander’s death on, xii. 311; confederacy for liberating, after Alexander’s death, xii. 311 seq.; Ptolemy of Egypt in, xii. 373; success of Demetrius Poliorketes in, against Kassander, xii. 382; under Demetrius Poliorketes and Antigonus Gonatas, xii. 390; invasion of, by the Gauls, xii. 390; of Polybius, xii. 391.

Greece, Proper, geography of, ii. 211 seq.

Greek forces against Troy, i. 289 seq.; language and the mythes, i. 351; tradition, matter of, uncertified, i. 433; language, various dialects of, ii. 238; alphabet, origin of, iii. 344 n.; Latin and Oscan languages, iii. 354; settlements, east of the Strymôn in Thrace, iv. 20; settlements on the Euxine south of the Danube, iv. 27; settlements in Libya, and the nomads, iv. 38; cities, local festivals in, iv. 51, 67 seq.; lyric poetry, iv. 73, 90; poetry about the middle of the seventh century B. C., iv. 74; music, about the middle of the seventh century B. C., iv. 75; poetry, after Terpander, iv. 77; hexameter, new metres superadded to, iv. 79; chorus, iv. 83, 87; dancing, iv. 85; mind, positive tendencies of, in the time of Herodotus, iv. 105 n.; philosophy, in the sixth century B. C., 380 seq.; fleet at Artemisium, v. 79 seq., 83 seq.; fleet at Salamis, v. 111; fleet at Mykalê, v. 193 seq.; fleet after the battle of Mykalê, v. 200 seq.; fleet, expedition of, against Asia, B. C. 478, v. 253; generals and captains, slaughter of Cyreian, ix. 72 seq.; heroes, analogy of Alexander to the, xii. 71.

Greeks, return of, from Troy, i. 309 seq.; their love of antiquities, i. 353; their distaste for a real history of the past, i. 359; Homeric, ii. 92, 114; in Asia Minor, ii. 235, iii. 212; extra-Peloponnesian north of Attica in the first two centuries, ii. 273 seq.; advance of, in government in the seventh and sixth centuries B. C., iii. 20; musical modes of, iii. 212; and Phenicians in Sicily and Cyprus, iii. 276; contrasted with Egyptians, Assyrians, and Phenicians, iii. 304; influence of Phenicians, Assyrians, and Egyptians on, iii. 343 seq.; and Carthaginians, first known collision between, iii. 348; Sicilian and Italian, monetary and statical scale of, iii. 369; in Sicily, prosperity of, between B. C. 735-485, iii. 368 seq.; in Sicily and in Greece Proper, difference between, iii. 372; Italian, between B. C. 700-500, iii. 392, 394, 398; their talent for command over barbarians, iv. 17; first voyage of, to Libya, iv. 29; and Libyans at Kyrene, iv. 39; political isolation of, iv. 51; tendencies to political union among, after B. C. 560, iv. 52; growth of union among, between B. C. 776-560, iv. 53; rise of philosophy and dialectic among, iv. 96; writing among, iv. 97; Asiatic, after Cyrus’s conquest of Lydia, iv. 198; Asiatic, application of, to Sparta, 546 B. C., iv. 199; and Darius, before the battle of Marathon, iv. 315; eminent, liable to be corrupted by success, iv. 375 seq.; and Persians, religious conception of history common to, v. 11; northern, and Xerxes, v. 64, 69; confederate, engagement of, against such as joined Xerxes, v. 70; effect of the battle of Thermopylæ on, v. 105 seq.; and the battle of Salamis, v. 121 seq.; Medising, and Mardonius, v. 148; Medising, at Platæa, v. 161; at Platæa, v. 163 seq.; at Mykalê, v. 194 seq.; Asiatic, first step to the ascendancy of Athens over, v. 200; Sicilian, early governments of, v. 206; Sicilian, progress of, between the battle of Salamis and Alexander, v. 241; allied, oppose the fortification of Athens, v. 243 seq., 246; allied, transfer the headship from Sparta to Athens, B. C. 477, v. 260 seq.; allied, Aristeides assessment of, v. 263; allied, under Athens, substitute money-payment for personal service, v. 298 seq.; effect of the Athenian disaster in Sicily upon, vii. 363; and Tissaphernes, Alkibiades acts as interpreter between, viii. 4 seq.; Asiatic, surrender of, by Sparta to Persia, ix. 205; Asiatic, and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 206; Asiatic, and Tissaphernes, ix. 207; the Ten Thousand, their position and circumstances, ix. 11; Ten Thousand, at Kunaxa, ix. 42 seq.; Ten Thousand, after the battle of Kunaxa, ix. 52 seq.; Ten Thousand, retreat of, ix. 56-121, 181 seq.; Ten Thousand, after their return to Trapezus, ix. 121-180; Asiatic, their application to Sparta for aid against Tissaphernes, ix. 207; in the service of Alexander in Asia, xii. 74; unpropitious circumstances for, in the Lamian war, xii. 334; Italian, pressed upon by enemies from the interior, xii. 394.

Gurylls, death of, x. 335.

Guilds, Grecian deities of, i. 344; German and early English, iii. 60 n. 2; compared with ancient political associations, viii. 16 n. 2.

Gyges, i. 5, iii. 219 seq.

Gylippus, expedition of, to Syracuse, vii. 242, 265 seq., 275 seq., 298 seq., 323, 330 seq.

Gylon, father of Kleobulê, the mother of Demosthenes, xi. 261 n. 1.

Gymnêsii, iii. 35.

Gyndês, distribution of, into channels by Cyrus, iv. 212.

H.

Hadês, i. 6 seq., 7, 9.

Hæmôn and Antigonê, i. 276.

Haliartus, Lysander at, ix. 294.

Halikarnassus, ii. 31, iii. 201; capture of, by Alexander, xii. 94 seq.

Halonnesus, dispute between Philip and the Athenians about, xi. 449 seq.

Halys, the, 207.

Hamilkar, defeat and death of, at Himera, v. 222 seq.

Hamilkar, collusion of, with Agathokles, xii. 401; superseded in Sicily by another general of the same name, xii. 403.

Hamilkar, victory of, at the Himera, xii. 408 seq.; attempt of, upon Syracuse, xii. 422; defeat and death of, xii. 424.

Hannibal, expeditions of, to Sicily, x. 402-415, 421 seq.

Hanno, silly fabrication of, xi. 158.

Harmodius and Aristogeitôn, iv. 111 seq.

Harmosts, Spartan, ix. 189 seq., 197, 201.

Harpagus, iv. 202, 207.

Harpalus, xii. 240, 294 seq.

Harpies, the, i. 1, 266.

Hêbê, i. 10.

Hectôr, i. 286, 297.

Hegemony, Athenian, v. 291 seq.

Hegesippus, xi. 446.

Hegesistratus, iv. 118, v. 191, xii. 90, 91.

Hekabê, i. 286.

Hekatæus on Geryôn, i. 249; on the Argonauts, i. 253; and the mythes, i. 391; and the Ionic revolt, iv. 284, 296.

Hekatompylus, Alexander at, xii. 188.

Hekatoncheires, the, i. 4, 5.

Hekatonymus and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 129 seq.

Helen, i. 161, 168, 169; necklace of, i. 282; and Paris, i. 287; and Achilles, i. 294; various legends of, i. 305 seq.

Helenus and Andromachê, i. 305.

Heliæa, iii. 128 n., iv. 137, 141 seq.

Heliasts, iv. 141.

Helikê, destruction of, x. 157.

Helios, i. 6, 344.

Helixus, viii. 133.

Hellanikus, his treatment of mythes, i. 390; contrasted with Saxo Grammaticus and Snorro Sturleson, i. 468.

Hellas, division of, i. 100; proper, ii. 212; mountain systems of, ii. 212 seq.; islands and colonies of, ii. 224; most ancient, ii. 268; first historical manifestation of, as an aggregate body, iv. 318.

Hellê and Phryxus, i. 123.

Hellên and his sons, i. 99 seq.

Hellênes, i. 99, ii. 236 seq., 255 seq.

Hellenic religion and customs in the Trôad, i. 337; cities, ii. 257.

Hellênion at Naukratis, iii. 336.

Hellenism, definition of, xii. 270.

Hellenotamiæ, v. 265, viii. 310.

Hellespont, bridges of Xerxes over, v. 15 seq., 19 n.; crossed by Xerxes, v. 31; retreating march of Xerxes to, v. 144 seq.; Grecian fleet at, B. C. 479, v. 200; Strombichidês at, viii. 96; Peloponnesian reinforcement to, B. C. 411, viii. 97; Mindarus and Thrasyllus at, viii. 102, 109, 117; Athenians and Peloponnesians at, after the battle of Kynossêma, viii. 117; Thrasyllus and Alkibiadês at, viii. 131; Thrasybulus at, ix. 366; Iphikrates at, ix. 369 seq.; Antalkidas at, ix. 384; Epaminondas at, x. 301, 306; Timotheus at, x. 301, 306, 368; Autoklês at, x. 371 seq.; operations of the Athenians at, B. C. 357, xi. 224; disputes between Athens and Philip about, xi. 450; imprudence of the Persians in letting Alexander cross the, xii. 78.

Helôris, unsuccessful expedition of, xi. 5, 7, 15.

Helots, ii. 373 seq.; Pausanias and, v. 270; revolt of, v. 315 seq.; at Ithômê, capitulation of, v. 333; assassination of, vi. 368 seq.; Brasidean, vii. 21; brought back to Pylus, vii. 71; and the invasion of, Laconia by Epaminondas, x. 219; establishment of, with the Messenians, x. 229 seq.

Helus, conquered by Alkamenês, ii. 420.

Hephæstion, xii. 246, 247, 252, 254.

Hephæstos, i. 10, 58.

Hêræon near Mykênæ, i. 165.

Hêræon Teichos, siege of, by Philip, xi. 307.

Hêrakleia Pontica, i. 241; xii. 460 seq.; the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 146.

Hêrakleia in Italy, iii. 384, vi. 14.

Hêrakleia in Sicily, v. 207; Dion at, xi. 89, 90 seq.

Hêrakleia Trachinea, vi. 90 seq.; vii. 60, ix. 284, 302, xi. 90 seq.

Hêrakleid kings of Corinth, ii. 307.

Hêrakleides the Syracusan, exile of, xi. 86; victory of, over Philistus, xi. 100; and Dion, xi. 101, 105, 110, 112 seq., 121; victory of, over Nypsius, xi. 107; death of, xi. 122.

Hêrakleides, governor of the Pontic Herakleia, xii. 469, 470.

Hêrakleids, i. 94, 95, ii. 1 seq.; Lydian dynasty of, iii. 222.

Hêraklês, i. 92 seq.; attack of, on Pylos, i. 110; and Alkêstis, i. 113; overthrows Orchomenos, i. 133; death of, i. 151; and Hylas, i. 234; and Laomedôn, i. 286; Tyrian temple of, iii. 269.

Hêraklês, son of Alexander, xii. 372.

Hêrê, i. 6, 7, 10, 58; and Mykênæ, i. 165; temple of, near Argos, burnt, vi. 451; Lakinian, robe of, xi. 52.

Herippidas, ix. 285, 326, 339.

Hermæ, mutilation of, at Athens, vii. 167 seq., 199 seq.

Hermeias of Atarneus, xi. 441.

Hermes, i. 10, 58 seq.

Hermionê, i. 163.

Hermokratês, at the congress at Gela, vii. 137; and the Athenian armament, vii. 182; recommendations of, after the battle near Olympieion, vii. 227; speech of at Kamarina, vii. 229; urges the Syracusans to attack the Athenians at sea, vii. 290; postpones the Athenians’ retreat from Syracuse, vii. 330; and Tissaphernês, vii. 390; viii. 98; in the Ægean, x. 385 seq.; banishment of, x. 387 seq.; his return to Sicily, and death, x. 415 seq.

Hermokratean party, x. 432; exiles, x. 438.

Hermolaus, xii. 221.

Hermotybii and Kalasiries, iii. 316.

Herodotus, on Minôs, i. 228, 229; on Helen and the Trojans, i. 308; treatment of mythes by, i. 393 seq.; his view of Lykurgus, ii. 343; his story of Solon and Crœsus, iii. 151 seq.; chronological mistakes of, iii. 154 n., 198 n. 3; chronological discrepancies of, respecting Kyaxarês, iii. 232 n.; his description of Scythia, iii. 236 seq.; his account of Babylon, iii. 295 seq., 297 n. 2; distinction between what he professes to have seen and heard, iii. 309; on the effects of despotism and democracy upon the Athenians, iv. 178; and Ktêsias, on Cyrus, iv. 185; chronology of his life and authorship, iv. 277 n., v. 49 n.; his narrative of Darius’s march into Scythia, iv. 265 seq.; does not mention Pythagoras in connection with the war between Sybaris and Kroton, iv. 416; historical manner and conception of, v. 5, 11, n. 3; his estimate of the number of Xerxes’s army, v. 36 seq.; doubts about the motives ascribed to Xerxes at Thermopylæ by, v. 87; a proof of the accuracy of, v. 89 n.; on the movements of the Persian fleet before the battle of Salamis, v. 132 nn.

Heroes appear with gods and men on mythes, i. 64; Greek, at Aulis, i. 293 seq., 289; Greek, analogy of Alexander to, xii. 70.

Heroic race, i. 66, legends, i. 424.

Hesiod, theogony of, i. 3, 16, 20, 74; family affairs of, i. 72; Iapetids in, i. 73; complaints of, against kings, ii. 73; dark picture of Greece by, ii. 91.

Hesiodic mythes traceable to Krête and Delphi, i. 15; “Works and Days”, i. 66 seq.; philosophy, i. 367; Greeks, ii. 114 seq.; epic, ii. 119.

Hesionê, i. 286.

Hesperides, dragon of, i. 7.

Hesperides, town of, iv. 32 n. 2, 42.

Hestia, i. 6, 7, 58.

Hestiæa on Ilium, i. 329.

Hetæræ, vi. 100.

Hetæries, at Athens, vi. 290, viii. 15.

Hexameter, the ancient, i. 73; new metres superadded to, iv. 75.

Hierax, ix. 373.

Hiero of Syracuse, v. 227 seq.

Hieromnêmôn, ii. 246.

Hiketas, xi. 128; and the Syracusans, xi. 134; message of, to Corinth and to Timoleon, xi. 143, 144; defeat of, at Adranum, xi. 148; and Magon, xi. 156 seq., 159; flight of, from Syracuse to Leontini, xi. 161; capitulation of, with Timoleon, xi. 170; invites the Carthaginians to invade Sicily, xi. 171; defeat, surrender, and death of, xi. 181, 182.

Himera, iii. 367; battle of, v. 221 seq.; treatment of, by Thêro, v. 228; capture of, by Hannibal, x. 410 seq.; defeat of Agathokles at the, xii. 408 seq.

Hindoos, rivers personified by, i. 342 n. 2; their belief with regard to the small pox, i. 360 n.; belief of, in fabulous stories, i. 430 n.; expensiveness of marriage among, iii. 141 n. 2; sentiment of, with regard to the discontinuance of sacrifices, xii. 43 n. 1.

Hindoo Koosh, Alexander at, xii. 200; Alexander reduces the country between the Indus and, xii. 224 seq.

Hindostan, hoarding in, xii. 175 n. 3.

Hipparchus, ii. 153 n., iv. 111 seq.

Hipparinus, son of Dionysius, xi. 130.

Hippeis, Solonian, iii. 118.

Hippias, of Elis, viii. 380 seq.

Hippias, Peisistratid, iv. 111 seq., 120 seq., 281, 356 n. 2.

Hippo, iv. 385.

Hippodameia, i. 159.

Hippodamus, vi. 20.

Hippokleidês, iii. 39.

Hippokratês the physician, i. 373; viii. 426 n. 2.

Hippokratês of Gela, v. 213 seq.

Hippokratês, the Athenian general, vi. 370 seq., 379, 382 seq., 388.

Hippon, xi. 184.

Hipponikus, iii. 102.

Hipponium, capture of, xi. 17; re-establishment of, xi. 43.

Hipponoidas, vii. 85, 89.

Histiæus and the bridge over the Danube, iv. 272; and Myrkinus, iv. 273, 277; detention of, at Susa, iv. 277; and the Ionic revolt, iv. 284, 299 seq., 309.

Historians, treatment of mythes by, i. 391 seq.

Historical proof, positive evidence indispensable to, i. 430; sense of modern times not to be applied to an unrecording age, i. 432; evidence, the standard of, raised with regard to England, but not with regard to Greece, i. 485; and legendary Greece compared, ii. 60 seq.

Historicizing innovations in the tale of Troy, i. 333; of ancient mythes, i. 409 seq.; applicable to all mythes, or none, i. 422.

History, uninteresting to early Greeks, i. 359; of England, how conceived down to the seventeenth century, i. 482 seq.; and legend, Grecian, blank between, ii. 33 seq.; Grecian first period of, from B. C. 776 to 560, ii. 270, 273; Grecian, second period of, from B. C. 560 to 300, ii. 270 seq.; religious conception of, common to Greeks and Persians, v. 10.

Homer and Hesiod, mythology of, i. 12; personality and poems of, ii. 127 seq.

Homeric Zeus, i. 12; hymns, i. 34, 37 seq., 45, 59, 60, iii. 168 seq.; legend of the birth of Hêraklês, i. 93 seq.; Pelops, i. 159; gods, types of, i. 350; age, mythical faith of, i. 359; philosophy, i. 368; account of the inhabitants of Peloponnesus, ii. 12; Boulê and Agora, ii. 65 seq.; Greeks, social condition of, ii. 97 seq., 107; Greeks, unity, idea of, partially revived, ii. 162 seq.; epoch, right conception of, ii. 174; mode of fighting, ii. 457; geography, iii. 204.

Homêrids, the poetical gens of, ii. 132.

Homicide, purification for, i. 25, 26; mode of dealing with, in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 93 seq.; tribunals for, at Athens, iii. 77; Drake’s laws of, retained by Solon, iii. 134; trial for and the senate of Areopagus, v. 368 n.

Homoioi, Spartan, ii. 363, 418.

Hoplêtes, iii. 51.

Hôræ, the, i. 10.

Horkos, i. 7, 8.

Horse, the wooden, of Troy, i. 302, 309.

Horsemen at Athens, after the restoration of the democracy, B. C. 403, viii. 305.

Hospitality in legendary Greece, ii. 84.

Human sacrifices in Greece, i. 126 seq.

Hyakinthia and the Lacedæmonians, v. 153.

Hyakinthus, i. 168.

Hyblæan Megara, iii. 365.

Hydarnês, v. 88.

Hydaspes, Alexander at the, xii. 227 seq.; Alexander sails down the, xii. 333.

Hydra, the Lernæan, i. 7.

Hydra, sailors of, v. 51 n. 2.

Hykkara, capture of, vii. 216.

Hylas and Hêraklês, i. 234.

Hylleis, ii. 360.

Hyllus, i. 94, 177.

Hymns, Homeric, i. 34, 37 seq., 45, 59, 60, iii. 168 seq.; at festival in honor of gods, i. 49.

Hypaspistæ, xii. 61.

Hyperbolus, iv. 151, vii. 108 seq., viii. 27.

Hyperides, xi. 509, xii. 298 n. 1, 305 n., 326, 327.

Hyperiôn, i. 5, 6.

Hypermênes, x. 146.

Hypermnêstra, i. 88.

Hyphasis, Alexander at, xii. 231.

Hypomeiones, Spartan, ii. 363, 418.

Hyrkania, Alexander in, xii. 166.

I.

Ialmenos and Askalaphos, i. 130.

Iapetids in Hesiod, i. 74.

Iapetos, i. 5, 6.

Iapygians, iii. 392.

Iasus, capture of, vii. 389.

Iberia in Spain, iii. 275.

Iberians and Dionysius, x. 510.

Ida in Asia, iii. 195, 197.

Ida in Crête, Zeus at, i. 6.

Idanthyrsus, iv. 267.

Idas, i. 169, 171.

Idomenê, Demosthenês at, vi. 306 seq.

Idrieus, xi. 437.

Ikarus, i. 225.

Iliad and the Trojan war, i. 297; and Odyssey, date, structure, and authorship of, ii. 118-209.

Ilium, i. 286, 334 seq.

Illyria, Dionysius’s schemes of conquest in, xi. 24.

Illyrians, different tribes of, iv. 1 seq.; retreat of Perdikkas and Brasidas before, vi. 447 seq.; victory of Philip over, xi. 214 seq.; defeat of, by Alexander, xii. 28 seq.

Ilus, i. 285, 286.

Imbros, iv. 28, 278 seq.

Imilkon and Hannibal, invasion of Sicily by, x. 421 seq.; at Agrigentum, x. 425 seq.; at Gela, x. 447 seq.; and Dionysius, x. 454 seq.; at Motyê, x. 479, 490; capture of Messênê by, 491 seq.; and the Campanians of Ætna, x. 497; before Syracuse, x. 498 seq.; flight of, from Syracuse, x. 510; miserable end of, x. 511.

Inachus, i. 82.

Indus, Alexander at, xii. 225 seq., 233 seq.; voyage of Nearchus from the mouth of, to that of the Tigris, xii. 235, 237.

Industry, manufacturing, at Athens, iii. 136 seq.

Infantry and oligarchy, iii. 31.

Inland and maritime cities contrasted, ii. 225.

Inô, i. 123 seq.

Inscriptions, ii. 41.

Interest on loans, iii. 107 seq., 159.

Interpreters, Egyptian, iii. 327.

Io, legend of, i. 84 seq.

Iôn, i. 198, 204.

Iônia, emigrants to, ii. 24 seq.; conquest of, by Harpagus, iv. 202; Mardonius’s deposition of despots in, iv. 312; expedition of Astyochus to, vii. 382; expedition of Thrasyllus to, viii. 129.

Ionian, the name a reproach, iii. 169.

Ionians, ii. 12, 13; and Darius’s bridge over the Danube, iv. 271 seq.; abandonment of, by the Athenians, iv. 297; at Ladê, iv. 301 seq.; at Mykalê, v. 192 seq., 197; after the battle of Mykalê, v. 199.

Ionic emigration, ii. 21, 24 seq., iii. 172; tribes in Attica, iii. 50, 52 seq.; cities in Asia, iii. 172 seq., 260; and Italic Greeks, iii. 398; revolt, iv. 285 seq., 306 n. 2; philosophers, iv. 378; Sicilians and Athens, vii. 132; alphabet and the Athenian laws, viii. 308.

Iphigeneia, i. 293.

Iphiklos, i. 110.

Iphikrates, destruction of a Lacedæmonian mora by, ix. 327 n., 341 n., 348 seq.; military improvements and successes of, ix. 335 seq., 353; defeat of Anaxibius by, ix. 370 seq.; proceedings of, between B. C. 387-378, x. 105 seq.; and Kotys, x. 106, 299, 369, 374; expedition of, to Korkyra, x. 149 seq., 154 n.; and Timotheus, x. 149, 299, xi. 231 seq.; expedition of, to aid Sparta against Thebes, x. 237 seq.; in Thrace and Macedonia, x. 250 seq., 299; in the Hellespont, xi. 224; and Chares, xi. 224 seq.

Iphikrates the Younger, xii. 129.

Ipsus, battle of, xii. 387.

Iran, territory of, iv. 184.

Irasa, iv. 31.

Iris, i. 7.

Iron race, the, i. 66.

Isagoras, iv. 126, 164 seq.

Ischagoras, vi. 449.

Ischolaus, x. 217.

Ischys, i. 178.

Isidas, x. 332.

Islands in the Ægean, ii. 234.

Ismenias in the north of Bœotia, ix. 301; and Leontiades, x. 59; trial and execution of, x. 63.

Ismenias and Pelopidas, x. 277 seq., 283, 285.

Isokratês, his treatment of mythes, i. 407 n. 2; on the origin of Periœki, ii. 367; panegyrical oration of, x. 44, 77; the Plataic oration of, x. 163; the Archidamus of, x. 228 n. 2, 229 n. 1, 291 n. 2; his letter to Philip, xi. 282, 436.

Issêdones, iii. 245.

Issus, Alexander at, before the battle, xii. 114; Darius at, before the battle, xii. 117; battle of, xii. 118 seq.; inaction of Darius after the battle of, xii. 152; and its neighborhood, as connected with the battle, xii. 491 seq.

Isthmian games, i. 124, ii. 242, iv. 65 seq.; Eleians excluded from, i. 140, ii. 306 n.; B. C. 412, vii. 368; and Agesilaus, ix. 344.

Istônê, Korkyræan fugitives at, vi. 278, 313, 357 seq.

Italia, iii. 350.

Italian Greeks, iii. 369, 392, 394 seq., xi. 7 seq., 133, xii. 394.

Italians, iii. 369.

Italy and Sicily, early languages and history of, iii. 354 n.

Italy, the voyage from Greece to, iii. 361; Grecian colonies in, iii. 354, 360, 374 seq.; decline of Greek power in, after the fall of Sybaris, iv. 415; Southern, affairs of, B. C. 382-369, xi. 43.

Ithômê, ii. 422, v. 316.

J.

Jason, i. 114 seq., 237 seq.

Jason of Pheræ, x. 137 seq., 147 n., 153, 189 seq., 195 seq.

Jaxartes, Alexander at the, xii. 204 seq.

Jocasta, i. 266 seq.

Jurkæ, iii. 245.

Jury-trial, characteristics of, exhibited in the Athenian dikasteries, v. 385 seq.

K.

Kabala, victory of Dionysius at, xi. 41.

Kabeirichus, x. 85.

Kadmeia, at Thebes, seizure of, by Phœbidas, x. 58 seq.; surrender of, by the Lacedæmonians, x. 88 seq.

Kadmus, i. 257 seq.

Kalais and Zêtês, i. 199.

Kalasiries and Hermotybii, iii. 316.

Kalauria, i. 56; Amphiktyony at, i. 133; the Athenian allied armament at, x. 148; death of Demosthenes at, xii. 327 seq.

Kalchas, wanderings and death of, i. 313.

Kalê Aktê, foundation of, vii. 125.

Kallias, treaty of, v. 336 seq.

Kallias, son of Kalliades, vi. 70, 72.

Kallias at the congress at Sparta, B. C. 371, x. 165.

Kallias of Chalkis, xi. 341 seq., 452.

Kallibius, the Lacedæmonian, viii. 242; ix. 188.

Kallibius of Tegea, x. 209.

Kalliklês, in Plato, viii. 382 seq.

Kallikratidas, viii. 160 seq., 263.

Kallimachus, the polemarch, iv. 341, 348.

Kallinus, iv. 73, 77.

Kallipidæ, iii. 239.

Kallippus, xi. 123 seq., 128 seq.

Kallirrhoe, i. 7, 282.

Kallisthenês, the historian, i. 410.

Kallisthenes, the general, failure and condemnation of, x. 370, xi. 423.

Kallisthenes of Olynthus, xii. 213, 216 seq., 222 seq.

Kallistô, i. 175.

Kallistratus, x. 110, 164, seq., 172, 288, xi. 266.

Kallixenus, viii. 194 seq., 203, 205.

Kalpê, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 148 seq.

Kalydônian boar, i. 143, 146 seq.

Kamarina, iii. 366; restoration of, to independence, v. 237; and the Athenians, vii. 194; Athenian and Syracusan envoys at, vii. 229 seq.; neutral policy of, B. C. 415, vii. 233; evacuation of, x. 450; and Timoleon, xi. 187.

Kambyses, iv. 47, 218 seq.

Kandaulês, iii. 220.

Kannônus, psephism of, viii. 197 n.

Kanôpic branch of the Nile., opening of, to Greek traffic, iii. 327.

Kapaneus. i. 273, 278.

Kappadokia subdued by Alexander, xii. 111.

Kardia, Athenian fleet at, viii. 120; alliance of, with Philip, xi. 451; Eumenes of, xii. 74.

Karduchians, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 95 seq.

Karia, resistance of, to Daurisês, iv. 294.

Karmania, Alexander’s bacchanalian procession through, xii. 237.

Karneian festival, ii. 306 n., v. 78.

Karneius Apollo, i. 49.

Karnus, ii. 3.

Karpathus, ii. 31.

Karystus, iv. 331, v. 303.

Kassander, Alexander’s treatment of, xii. 254; schemes of, on Antipater’s death, xii. 339; and Polysperchon, war between, xii. 360; gets possession of Athens, xii. 361; in Peloponnesus, xii. 365; defeat of Olympias by, xii. 366; confederacy of, with Lysimachus, Ptolemy, and Seleukus against Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 382, 387; founds Kassandreia and restores Thebes, xii. 368; and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, xii. 368, 369; and the Ætolians, xii. 370; measures of Antigonus against, xii. 369, 370; great power of, in Greece, xii. 371; Ptolemy, and Lysimachus, pacification of, with Antigonus, xii. 371; compact of Polysperchon with, xii. 372, 381; Ptolemy makes a truce with, xii. 373; success of Demetrius Poliorketes in Greece against, xii. 382; truce of, with Demetrius Poliorketes, xii. 387; death of, xii. 389.

Kassandra. i. 287.

Kastôr and Pollux, i. 169 seq.

Katabothra, ii. 218.

Katana, iii. 364; and Ætna, v. 236; Alkibiadês at, vii. 194; Nikias at, vii. 234; conquest of, by Dionysius, x. 468; Carthaginian naval victory near, x. 495; Hiketas and Magon at, xi. 156.

Katônakophori, iii. 35.

Katreus and Althæmenês, i. 224.

Kaulonia, iii. 384, xi. 14, 17; Dikon of, xi. 28.

Kaunus, Antisthenês at, vii. 397.

Käystru-Pedion, march of Cyrus from Keramôn-Agora to, ix. 17 n. 2.

Kebalinus, xii. 191, 194.

Kekrops, i. 195 seq.; the second, i. 204.

Kelænæ, Alexander at, xii. 101.

Keleos, i. 38 seq., 196.

Keleustes, vi. 200 n.

Kenchreæ, Peloponnesian fleet at, vii. 382.

Kentrites, the Ten Thousand Greeks at the, ix. 99 seq.

Kephallênia, iii. 410, vi. 135, 141.

Kephalus, i. 195 n. 4, 198; and Dionysius at Syracuse, xi. 167.

Kephisodotus, x. 374, 377.

Kerasus, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 127.

Kersobleptes, x. 366; and Charidemus, x. 366, 378, 379; intrigue of, against Athens, xi. 258; and the peace and alliance between Athens and Philip, xi. 396 seq.; defeat of, by Philip, xi. 443.

Kertch, tumuli near, xii. 487 seq.

Ketô, i. 7.

Keyx and Alcyone, i. 135.

Kilikia, Alexander in, xii. 113, 114; Darius in, xii. 116.

Kimon and Themistoklês, v. 278, 280; capture of Skyros by, v. 304, 304 n. 2.; victories of, at the Eurymedon, v. 308; trial and acquittal of, v. 312, 365; and the Spartan application for aid against the Helots, v. 318, 365; recall of, from ostracism, v. 329; death of, v. 335, 340; political party of, v. 361; and Periklês, v. 329, 362 seq., 371; character of, v. 364; ostracism of, v. 366.

Kimonian treaty, the so-called, v. 337 seq.

Kinadon, conspiracy and character of, ix. 251 seq.

King, the, in legendary Greece, ii. 61 seq., 74 seq.; the, in historical Greece, ii. 76; English theory of a, iii. 13.

Kings, Egyptian, iii. 321, 330 n. 2.

Kingship, discontinuance of, in Greece generally, ii. 76, iii. 8; in mediæval and modern Europe, iii. 8 seq.

Kinyps and Dorieus, iv. 36.

Kirrha, iv. 60 n., 61 seq., xi. 468 seq., 474.

Kirrhæans, punishment of, iv. 62 seq.

Kissidas, x. 265.

Klarus, temple of Apollo at, iii. 185.

Klazomenæ, iii. 188, vii. 372, 384, 391.

Kleander of Gela, v. 207.

Kleander the Lacedæmonian, ix. 149 seq., 152, 154, 165, xii. 197.

Kleandridas, vi. 14.

Kleandridês, v. 349.

Klearchus the Lacedæmonian, at the Hellespont, viii. 96; at Byzantium, viii. 128; and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 8, 22 seq.; and Menon’s soldiers, ix. 35; and Ariæus, ix. 52; and Tissaphernes, ix. 63, 70 seq.

Klearchus of the Pontic Herakleia, xii. 461 seq.

Klearidas, vi. 450, 470, 472, vii. 3.

Kleinas, iii. 102.

Kleisthenês of Sikyôn, i. 279, ii. 129, iii. 32 seq.

Kleisthenês the Athenian, revolution in Attic tribes by, iii. 63, 67; and the oracle at Delphi, iv. 121; retirement and recall of, iv. 164, 165; development of Athenian energy after, iv. 176; changes in the constitution of, after the Persian war, v. 275.

Kleïppidês, vi. 224 seq.

Kleitarchus, xi. 450, 452.

Kleitus the Illyrian, xii. 28 seq.

Kleitus, Alexander’s general, xii. 85, 208 seq.

Kleobulê, mother of Demosthenes, xi. 263.

Kleobûlus and Xenarês, vii. 24 seq.

Kleokritus, viii. 270.

Kleombrotus, x. 94 seq., 129, 136, 176 seq., 180 seq.

Kleomenês I., his expeditions to Athens, iv. 122, 164 seq.; and Aristagoras, iv. 287; defeat of Argeians by, iv. 320 seq.; return of, without attacking Argos, iv. 321; trial of, iv. 323; and the Æginetans, iv. 325, 328; and Demaratus, iv. 325 seq.; violent proceedings and death of, v. 45.

Kleomenês III., ii. 349, 350.

Kleomenês, Alexander’s satrap, xii. 241, 253, 253 n. 1.

Kleon the Athenian, first mention of, by Thucydidês, vi. 244; policy and character of, vi. 246, 480 seq.; and Mitylênê, vi. 249 seq.; political function of, vi. 290, 292; and the prisoners in Sphakteria, vi. 329 seq.; expedition of, to Pylus, vi. 336 seq.; warlike influence of, vi. 355, 457 seq.; at Amphipolis, vi. 462 seq., 467 seq.; capture of Torônê by, vi. 463; at Eion, vi. 463; Thucydidês’s treatment of, vi. 479, 483 seq.; and Aristophanês, vi. 481 seq., 485.

Kleon, of Halikarnassus, ix. 237, 300.

Kleônæ and Argos, ii. 464, iv. 65 n. 2.

Kleonikê and Pausanias, v. 255.

Kleonymus, xii. 448, 449.

Kleopatra, wife of Philip, xi. 513 seq., 518 n. 2, xii. 4 seq., 8.

Kleopatra, daughter of Philip, xi. 514, xii. 321, 372.

Kleophon, viii. 123.

Kleopus, iii. 228.

Kleruchies, Athenian, revival of B. C. 365, vi. 31 n., x. 296 seq.

Kleruchs, Athenian, in Chalkis, iv. 170; in Lesbos, vi. 257; after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 223.

Klonas, musical improvements of, iv. 75.

Klothô, i. 7.

Klymenê, i. 6.

Klytæmnêstra, i. 162, 168.

Knêmus, vi. 193 seq., 202, 213.

Knidus, settlement of, ii. 31; maritime contests near, B. C. 412 vii. 394; Antisthenês and Astyochus at, vii. 397; the battle of, ix. 283; and Agesilaus, ix. 312; reverses of Sparta after the battle of, 317.

Knights at Athens, viii. 305, ix. 183.

Knôpus, iii. 187.

Kodrids, i. 112.

Kodrus, ii. 24; archons after, iii. 48.

Kœnus, xii. 194, 195, 232.

Kœos, i. 5, 7.

Kœratadus, viii. 134, iv. 160, 163.

Kôês, iv. 270, 273, 285.

Kokalus, i. 225 seq.

Kôlæus, his voyage to Tartêssus, iii. 279.

Kôlakretæ, iv. 137.

Kolchians and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 112, 126.

Kolchis, and the Argonautic expedition, i. 241, 255.

Kolônus, Athenian assembly at, viii. 35.

Kolophôn, iii. 184 seq.

Konipodes, iii. 35.

Konon at Naupaktus, vii. 358; at Andros, viii. 151; appointment of, to succeed Alkibiadês, viii. 159; at Samos, 160; at Mitylênê, viii. 166 seq.; escape of, from Ægospotami, viii. 219; renewed activity of, ix. 255, 269; at Rhodes, ix. 270; visit of, to the Persian court, ix. 280 seq.; and Pharnabazus, ix. 281, 318, 321 seq.; rebuilds the Long Walls of Athens, ix. 322; large plans of, ix. 325; sent as envoy to Tiribazus, ix. 359; arrest of, ix. 361; long absence of, from Athens, x. 108 n. 2.

Kopaïs, lake of, i. 132.

Korkyra and the Argonauts, i. 243; early inhabitants of, iii. 402; relations of, with Corinth, iii. 403 seq.; relations of, with Epirus, iii. 405; and Corinth, joint settlements of, iii. 405 seq.; commerce of, iii. 409; and Corinth, disputes between, vi. 51 seq.; application of the Epidamnian democracy to, vi. 52; and Corinth, hostilities between, vi. 55, 63 seq.; and Corinth, decision of the Athenians between, vi. 62; oligarchical violence at, vi. 270 seq.; vengeance of the victorious Demos at, B. C. 427, vi. 275 seq.; Nikostratus and Alkidas at, vi. 282; revolutions at, contrasted with those at Athens, vi. 283; distress at, B. C. 425, vi. 313; expedition of Eurymedon and Sophoklês to, vi. 313 seq., 357 seq.; muster of the Athenian armament at, vii. 180; Demosthenês’s voyage from, to Sicily, vii. 301; renewed troubles at, viii. 118; Lacedæmonian expedition against, x. 142 seq.; expedition of Iphikrates to, x. 149 seq.; Kleonymus and Agathokles in, xii. 449.

Korkyræan envoys, speech of, to the Athenian assembly, vi. 58 seq.; captives return home from Corinth, vi. 266 seq.; oligarchical fugitives at Istônê, vi. 278, 313, 357.

Korkyræans, and Xerxes’s invasion, v. 66; attack Epidamnus, vi. 53; remonstrate with the Corinthians and Peloponnesians, vi. 54; seek the alliance of Athens, vi. 56 seq.

Korôbius and the foundation of Kyrênê, iv. 30.

Korôneia, Athenian defeat at, v. 348; Theban victory at, ix. 312 seq., 317.

Korônis and Asklêpius, i. 178.

Korynephori, iii. 35.

Kôs, settlement of, ii. 30; capture of, by Astyochus, vii. 397; revolt of, from Athens, xi. 220 seq., 231.

Kossæi, xii. 248.

Kottas, i. 5.

Kottyphus, xi. 475, 479, 480.

Kotyôra, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 126 seq.

Kotys and Iphikrates, x. 106, 299, 369, 373; and Athens, x. 228 seq., 372, 373; and Timotheus, x. 301, 368; and Miltokythes, x. 372; capture of Sestos by, x. 373; assassination of, x. 375.

Kranaus, i. 196.

Krannon, battle of, xii. 321.

Kraterus and Philôtas, xii. 192 seq.; and Antipater, xii. 320 seq., 335; death of, xii. 336.

Kratês, comedy of, viii. 328.

Kratesippidas, viii. 128, 138.

Kratinus, viii. 327, 332 n.

Kreôn, king of Thêbes, i. 117, 276.

Kreôn, archon at Athens, iii. 48.

Kresphontês, ii. 2 seq., 331 n.

Krêtan settlements on the Gulf of Tarentum, i. 330; and Phrygian worship, iii. 215.

Krêtans and Minôs, i. 229; in the time of Homer, ii. 102; and Xerxes, v. 66.

Krête, migrations of Dorians to, ii. 30; early Dorians in, ii. 310; Periœki in, ii. 364 n. 3; Phalækus in, xi. 433.

Krêthêis and Pêleus, i. 114.

Krêtheus, descendants of, i. 113.

Kreüsa, i. 198, 204.

Krimêsus, Timoleon’s victory over the Carthaginians at the, xi. 174 seq.

Krios, i. 5, 6.

Krissa, iv. 59 seq.

Kritias and Sokratês, vii. 36 seq.; return of, to Athens, viii. 233 seq.; and Theramenês, viii. 237 seq., 245 seq.; death of, viii. 290.

Krius, iv. 325, 328.

Krommyon, capture of, ix. 335; recovery of, ix. 353.

Kromnus, capture of Lacedæmonians at, x. 316 seq.

Kronium, Dionysius at, xi. 41.

Kronos, i. 5 seq., 8.

Krotôn, foundation, territory, and colonies of, iii. 376 seq.; fall of, iii. 392; maximum power of, iii. 394; citizens and government of, iii. 399; and Pythagoras, iv. 401 seq.; and Sybaris, iv. 413 seq.; capture of, by Dionysius, xi. 22; expedition from Syracuse to, xii. 397.

Krypteia, ii. 378.

Kteatos and Eurytos, i. 141.

Ktêsias and Herodotus on Cyrus, iv. 185; on Darius, iv. 264.

Ktesiphon, xi. 371, xii. 286 seq.

Kunaxa, battle of, ix. 42 seq.

Kurêtes, ceremonies of, i. 31.

Kyaxarês, iii. 231, 254.

Kydonta, vi. 203.

Kyknus, i. 294.

Kylôn the Athenian, attempted usurpation of, iii. 81 seq.

Kylôn of Krotôn, iv. 409.

Kyllyrii at Syracuse, v. 206.

Kymæans and Pactyas, iv. 201.

Kymê, iii. 190; Alkibiadês at, viii. 153.

Kynegeirus, iv. 350.

Kynossêma, battle of, viii. 109 seq.

Kynurians, ii. 303; in Argolis, ii. 451.

Kypselus, iii. 40; fall of the dynasty of, iii. 43.

Kyrênê, foundation of, iv. 29 seq.; situation, fertility and prosperity of, iv. 31 seq.; and the Libyans, iv. 35 seq., 42 seq.; second migration of Greeks to, iv. 41; and Egypt, iv. 42; reform of, by Demônax, iv. 43; Periœki at, iv. 45; third immigration to, iv. 46; submission of, to Kambysês, iv. 220; history of, from about B. C. 450 to 306, xii. 428 seq.; Ophellas, viceroy of, xii. 431 seq.

Kythera, capture of, by the Athenians, vi. 365 seq.

Kytinium, occupation of, by Philip, xi. 498.

Kyzikus and the Argonauts, i. 234; revolt of, from Athens, viii. 112; siege of, by Mindarus, viii. 120; battle of, viii. 121.

L.

Labdalum, vii. 248, 269.

Lacedæmonian envoys to Persia, B. C. 430, vi. 181; embassy to Athens about the prisoners in Sphakteria, vi. 325 seq.; reinforcement to Brasidas in Chalkidikê, vi. 449; envoys at the congress at Corinth, B. C. 421, vii. 15; envoys at Athens, about Panaktum and Pylus, vii. 29; embassy to Athens, against the alliance of Athens with Argos, vii. 44 seq.; army, vii. 79, 81 n. 2; assembly, speech of Alkibiadês in, vii. 237 seq.; fleet under Agesandridas, viii. 66, 71; fleet victory of, near Eretria, viii. 72 seq.; mora, destruction of a, by Iphikrates, ix. 350 seq.; auxiliaries to the Phokians at Thermopylæ, xi. 419, 421.

Lacedæmonians and Cyrus the Great, iv. 199; attack of, upon Polykratês, iv. 243; and Themistoklês, v. 149, 278, 280; and Mardonius’s offer of peace to the Athenians, v. 151 seq.; invoke the aid of their allies against the Helots, v. 316; dismiss their Athenian auxiliaries against the Helots, v. 317 seq.; expedition of, into Bœotia, B. C. 458, v. 327 seq.; victory of, at Tanagra, v. 328; proceedings of, on Phormio’s victory over the Peloponnesian fleet near Rhium, vi. 202; proceedings of, for the recovery of Pylus, vi. 319, 320 seq.; occupation of Sphakteria by, vi. 320, 347; blockade of, in Sphakteria, vi. 324 seq., 333 seq., 342 seq.; offers of peace from, after the capture of Sphakteria, vi. 353; assassination of Helots by, vi. 368 seq.; and the Peace of Nikias, vii. 3; liberate the Arcadian subjects of Mantinea, and plant Helots at Lepreum, vii. 21; exclusion of, from the Olympic festival, vii. 57 seq.; detachment of, to reinforce Epidaurus, B. C. 419, vii. 70; and their allies, invasions of Argos by, vii. 71 seq., 102; Gylippus sent to Syracuse by, vii. 242; fortification of Dekeleia by, vii. 288, 354; and the Four Hundred, viii. 65; recapture of Pylus by, viii. 131; defeat of, at Arginusæ, viii. 173 seq.; repayment of, by the Athenians, after the restoration of the democracy, B. C. 403, viii. 305; assassination of Alkibiadês demanded by, viii. 313; the Cyreians under, ix. 170, 174, 208, 217, 318; and Dorieus, ix. 271 seq.; and Corinthians, conflicts between, B. C. 393, ix. 326 seq.; victory of, within the Long Walls of Corinth, ix. 333 seq.; and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 56; seizure of the Kadmeia at Thebes by, x. 60 seq.; trial and execution of Ismenias by, x. 64; their surrender of the Kadmeia at Thebes, x. 88 seq.; defeat of, at Tegyra, x. 134; expulsion of, from Bœotia, B. C. 374, x. 135; at Kromnus, x. 316 seq.; at Mantinea, B. C. 362, x. 329, 335, 338, 340 seq.; and Alexander, xii. 13.

Lachês, expedition to Sicily under, vii. 132.

Lachesis, i. 7.

Laconia, genealogy of, i. 168; population of, ii. 362; gradual conquest of, ii. 417; modern, ii. 418 n. 3, 454 n.; invasions of, by Epaminondas, x. 215 seq., 330 seq.; western, abstraction of, from Sparta, x. 226 seq.

Ladê, combined Ionic fleet at, iv. 300 seq.; victory of Persian fleet at, iv. 304.

Laius and Œdipus, i. 265.

Lakes and marshes of Greece, ii. 219.

Lamachus, vii. 148, 190 seq., 256.

Lamia, Antipater at, xii. 315 seq.

Lamian war, xii. 315 seq., 334.

Lampsakus, revolt of, viii. 94; recovery of, by Strombichidês, viii. 96.

Language, Greek, dialects of, ii. 239.

Lanikê, xii. 208.

Laocoôn, i. 303.

Laomedôn, i. 57, 285.

Laphystios, Zeus, i. 127.

Laphystius and Timoleon, xi. 192.

Larissa, Asiatic, iii. 191 n. 1, 192.

Lash, use of, by Xerxes, v. 24, 31.

Lasthenes and Euthykrates, xi. 351, 352.

Latin, Oscan, and Greek languages, iii. 354.

Latium, emigration from Arcadia to, iii. 351 n. 3; plunder of, by Dionysius, xi. 25.

Latins, Œnotrians and Epirots, relationship of, iii. 351.

Latona and Zeus, offspring of, i. 10.

Laurium, mines of, v. 55 seq.

Laws, authority of, in historical Athens, ii. 81; of Solon, iii. 131 seq.; of Zaleukus, iii. 382; and psephisms, distinction between, v. 373; enactment and repeal of, at Athens, v. 373 seq.

Layard’s “Nineveh and its Remains”, iii. 305.

Learchus and Eryxô, iv. 43.

Lebedos, revolt of, from Athens, vii. 383.

Lechæum, capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 345 n. 1, 348.

Leda, and Tyndareus, i. 168 seq.

Legend of Dêmêtêr, i. 39 seq.; of the Delphian oracle, i. 45; of Pandôra, i. 75 n. 4, 76; of Io, i. 84 seq.; of Hêraklês, i. 93 seq.; Argonatic, i. 234 n. 3, 245 seq., 255 seq.; of Troy, i. 289 seq.; of the Minyæ from Lemnos, ii. 27; and history, Grecian, blank between, ii. 31 seq.

Legendary Greece, social state of, ii. 57-118; poems of Greece, value of, ii. 55 seq.

Legends, mystic, i. 32 seq.; of Apollo, i. 45 seq.; of Greece, originally isolated, afterwards thrown into series, i. 105; of Mêdea and Jasôn, i. 118 n.; change of feeling with regard to, i. 186; Attic, i. 191; ancient, deeply rooted in the faith of the Greeks, i. 217, 348; of Thebes, i. 256 seq.; divine, allegorized, heroic historicized, i. 424; of saints, i. 469 seq.; of Asia Minor, iii. 227.

Lekythus, capture of, by Brasidas, vi. 425.

Leleges, ii. 264.

Lelex, i. 172.

Lemnos and the Argonauts, i. 233; early condition of, iv. 28; conquest of, by Otanês, iv. 278; Miltiadês at, iv. 279 seq.

Lending houses, iii. 162.

Leokrates, xi. 504.

Leon and Diomedon, vii. 385 seq.; viii. 28.

Leon the Spartan, viii. 20, 94.

Leon, mission of, to Persia, x. 278, 280.

Leonidas at Thermopylæ, v. 76 seq., 89 seq.

Leonnatus, xii. 317, 321.

Leontiades, the oligarchy under, x. 29 n.; conspiracy of, x. 58 seq.; at Sparta, x. 62; Thebes under, x. 79, 80; conspiracy against, x. 81 seq.; death of, x. 86.

Leontini, iii. 364; intestine dissention at, vii. 140; Demos at, apply to Athens, vii. 142, 143; Dionysius at, B. C. 396, x. 442, 468, 492; the mercenaries of Dionysius at, xi. 2; Philistus at, xi. 99; Dion at, xi. 106, 108, 109; Hiketas at, xi. 160, 170; surrender of, to Timoleon, xi. 182.

Leosthenes the admiral, x. 370.

Leosthenes the general, xii. 311, 313 seq.

Leotychides the Prokleid, ii. 430; chosen king of Sparta, iv. 326; and Æginetan hostages, iv. 328, v. 46; at Mykalê, v. 193; banishment of, v. 259.

Leotychides, son of Agis II., ix. 242, 244.

Lepreum and Elis, ii. 440, vii. 18; Brasidean Helots at, vii. 21.

Leptines, brother of Dionysius, x. 489, 491, 495, xi. 13, 33, 42.

Leptines the Athenian, xi. 272.

Leptines, general of Agathokles, xii. 434, 441.

Lesbians, their application to Sparta, vi. 76.

Lesbos, early history of, iii. 193 seq.; autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2; Athenian kleruchs in, vi. 257; application from, to Agis, vii. 365; expedition of the Chians against, vii. 382 seq.; Thrasyllus at, viii. 102; Kallikratidas in, viii. 166; Thrasybulus in, ix. 166; Memnon in, xii. 105; recovery of, by Macedonian admirals, xii. 141.

Lethe, i. 7.

Letô, i. 6, 10.

Leukas, iii. 404 seq.

Leukon of Bosporus, xii. 481.

Leukothea, the temple of, i. 242.

Leuktra, the battle of, x. 176 seq.; treatment of Spartans defeated at, x. 192 seq.; extension of Theban power after the battle of, x. 193; proceedings in Peloponnesus after the battle of, x. 198, 242; position of Sparta after the battle of, x. 201; proceedings in Arcadia after the battle of, x. 204 seq.; proceedings and views of Epaminondas after the battle of, x. 213 seq.

Libya, first voyages of Greeks to, iv. 29; nomads of, iv. 38 seq.; expedition of Kambyses against, iv. 220.

Libyans and Greeks at Kyrênê, iv. 39 seq.; and Dionysius, x. 510.

Liby-Phœnicians, x. 332.

Lichas and bones of Orestes, ii. 447; and the Olympic festival, iv. 72 n. 2, vii. 53 n., 59; mission of to Milêtus, vii. 397, 398, viii. 98.

Lilybæum, defeat of Dionysius near, xi. 45.

Limos, i. 7, 10, n. 6.

Lion, the Nemean, i. 7.

Lissus, foundation of, xi. 24.

Livy, his opinion as to the chances of Alexander, if he had attacked the Romans, xii. 260; on the character of Alexander, xii. 265 n. 3.

Lixus and Tingis, iii. 273 n. 1.

Loans on interest, iii. 109, 159.

Localities, epical, i. 245.

Lochages, Spartan, ii. 459.

Lochus, Spartan, ii. 458 seq.; Macedonian, xii. 60.

Logographers and ancient mythes, i. 377, 390 seq.

Lokri, Epizephrian, early history of, iii. 379 seq.; and Dionysius, x. 476, xi. 17, 21, 23; Dionysius the Younger at, xi. 105, 132 seq.