LVIII. MOHAMMEDANISM IN INDIA

LVIII. MOHAMMEDANISM IN INDIA

Let us now turn to Mohammedanism. This is different from the cases which we have been considering and we need not trouble ourselves with any enquiry into opportunities and possibilities. The presence and strength of the Prophet's religion in India are patent facts and it is surprising that the result has not been greater.

The chief and most obvious method by which Islam influenced India was the series of invasions, culminating in the Mughal conquest, which poured through the mountain passes of the north-west frontier. But there was also long established communication and to some extent intermigration between the west coast and Mohammedan countries such as Arabia and Persia. Compared with the enormous political and social changes wrought by the land invasions, the results of this maritime intercourse may seem unworthy of mention. Yet for the interchange of ideas it was not without importance, the more so as it was unaccompanied by violence and hostility. Thus the Mappilas or Moplahs of Malabar appear to be the descendants of Arab immigrants who arrived by sea about 900 A.D., and the sects known as Khojas and Bohras owe their conversion to the zeal of Arab and Persian missionaries who preached in the eleventh century. Apart from Mohammedan conquests there must have been at this time in Gujarat, Bombay, and on the west coast generally some knowledge of the teaching of Islam.

In the annals of invasions and conquests several stages can be distinguished. First we have the Arab conquest of Sind in 712, which had little effect. In 1021 Mahmud of Ghazni annexed the Panjab. He conducted three campaigns against other kingdoms of India but, though he sacked Muttra, Somnath and other religious centres, he did not attempt to conquer these regions, still less to convert them to Islam. The period of conquests as distinguished from raids did not begin until the end of the twelfth century when Muhammad Ghori began his campaigns and succeeded in making himself master of northern India, which from 1193 to 1526 was ruled by Mohammedan dynasties, mostly of Afghan or Turki descent. In the south the frontiers of Vijayanagar marked the limits of Islam. To the north of them Rajputana and Orissa still remained Hindu states, but with these exceptions the Government was Mohammedan. In 1526 came the Mughal invasion, after which all northern India was united under one Mohammedan Emperor for about two centuries. Aurungzeb (1659-1707) was a fanatical Mohammedan: his intolerant reign marked the beginning of disintegration in the Empire and aroused the opposition of the Mahrattas and Sikhs. But until this period Mohammedan rule was not marked by special bigotry or by any persistent attempt to proselytize. A woeful chronicle of selected outrages can indeed be drawn up. In the great towns of the north hardly a temple remained unsacked and most were utterly destroyed. At different periods individuals, such as Sikander Lodi of Delhi and Jelaluddin (1414-1430) in Bengal, raged against Hinduism and made converts by force. But such acts are scattered over a long period and a great area; they are not characteristic of Islam in India. Neither the earlier Mughal Emperors nor the preceding Sultans were of irreproachable orthodoxy. Two of them at least, Ala-ud-Din and Akbar, contemplated founding new religions of their own. Many of them were connected with Hindu sovereigns by marriage or political alliances.

The works of Alberuni and Mohsin Fani show that educated Mohammedans felt an interest not only in Indian science but in Indian religion. In the Panjab and Hindustan Islam was strengthened by immigrations of Mohammedan tribes from the north-west extending over many centuries. Mohammedan sultans and governors held their court in the chief cities, which thus tended to become Mohammedan not only by natural attraction but because high caste Hindus preferred to live in the country and would not frequent the company of those whom they considered as outcasts. Still, Hindus were often employed as accountants and revenue officers. All non-Moslims had to pay the jiziya or poll tax, and the remission of this impost accorded to converts was naturally a powerful incentive to change of faith. Yet Mohammedanism cannot record any wholesale triumph in India such as it has won in Persia, Egypt and Java. At the present day about one-fifth of the population are Moslim. The strength of Islam in the Panjab is due to immigration as well as conversion[1164], but it was embraced by large numbers in Kashmir and made rapid progress in Oudh and Eastern Bengal. The number of Mohammedans in Bengal (twenty-five millions out of a total of sixty-two in all India) is striking, seeing that the province is out of touch with the chief Mohammedan centres, but is explicable by the fact that Islam had to deal here not with an educated and organized Hindu community but with imperfectly hinduized aboriginal races, who welcomed a creed with no caste distinctions. Yet, apart from the districts named, which lie on the natural line of march from the Panjab down the Ganges to the sea, it made little progress. It has not even conquered the slopes of the Himalayas or the country south of the Jumna. If we deduct from the Mohammedan population the descendants of Mohammedan immigrants and of those who, like the inhabitants of Eastern Bengal, were not Hindus when they embraced the faith, the impression produced by Islam on the religious thought of India is not great, considering that for at least five centuries its temporal supremacy was hardly contested.

It is not until the time of Kabir that we meet with a sect in which Hindu and Mohammedan ideas are clearly blended, but it may be that the theology of Râmânuja and Madhva, of the Lingayats and Sivaite sects of the south, owes something to Islam. Its insistence on the unity and personality of God may have vivified similar ideas existing within Hinduism, but the expression which they found for themselves is not Moslim in tone, just as nowadays the Arya Samaj is not European in tone. Yet I think that the Arya Samaj would never have come into being had not Hindus become conscious of certain strong points in European religion. In the north it is natural that Moslim influence should not have made itself felt at once. Islam came first as an enemy and a raider and was no more sympathetic to the Brahmans than it was to the Greek Church in Europe. Though Indian theism may sometimes seem practically equivalent to Islam, yet it has a different and gentler tone, and it often rests on the idea that God, the soul and matter are all separate and eternal, an idea foreign to Mohammed's doctrine of creation. But from the fifteenth century onwards we find a series of sects which are obviously compromises and blends. Advances are made from both sides. Thoughtful Mohammedans see the profundity of Hindu theology: liberal Hindus declare that no caste or condition, including birth in a Moslim family, disqualifies man for access to God.

The fusion of Islam with Hinduism exhibited in these sects has for its basis the unity and omnipresence of God in the light of which minor differences have no existence. But fusion also arises from an opposite tendency, namely the toleration by Indian Moslims of Hindu ideas and practices, especially respect for religious teachers and their deification after death. While known by some such title as saint, which does not shock unitarian susceptibility, they are in practice honoured as godlings. The bare simplicity of the Arabian faith has not proved satisfying to other nations, and Turks, Persians and Indians, even when professing orthodoxy, have allowed embellishments and accretions. Such supplementary beliefs thrive with special luxuriance in India, where a considerable portion of the Moslim population are descended from persons who accepted the new faith unwillingly or from interested motives. They brought with them a plentiful baggage of superstitions and did not attempt to sever the ties which bound them to their Hindu neighbours. In the last century the efforts of the Wahabis and other reformers are said to have been partly successful in purifying Islam from Hindu observances, but even now the mixture is noticeable, especially in the lower classes. Brahmans are employed to cast horoscopes, Hindu ceremonies are observed in connection with marriages and funerals, and the idea of pollution by eating with unbelievers is derived from caste rules, for Mohammedans in other countries have no objection to eating with Christians. Numerous sacred sites, such as the shrine of Sheikh Chisti at Ajmere and of Bhairav Nath at Muttra[1165], are frequented by both Moslims and Hindus, and it is an interesting parallel to find that the chief Moslim shrines of Turkestan are erected on spots which were once Buddhist sanctuaries. Sometimes the opposite happens: even Brahmans are known to adopt the observances of Shiahs[1166]. But on the whole it is chiefly the Mohammedans who borrow, not the main doctrines of Hinduism, but popular magic and demonology. Ignorant Mohammedans in Bengal worship Sitalâ, Kâlî, Dharmarâj, Baidyanath and other Hindu deities and also respect certain mythical beings who seem to have a Moslim origin, but to have acquired strange characters in the course of time. Such are Khwaja Khizr who lives in rivers, Zindah Ghazi who rides on a tiger in the Sandarbans, and Sultan Shahid who is said to be the bodyguard and lover of Devî. But it is in the adoration of Pirs that this fusion of the two religions is most apparent. A Pir is the Moslim equivalent of a Guru and distinct from the Mollahs or official hierarchy. Just as Hindus receive initiation from their Guru so most Moslims, except the Wahabis and other purists, make a profession of faith before their Pir, accept his guidance and promise him obedience. When an eminent Pir dies his tomb becomes a place of prayer and pilgrimage. Even educated Mohammedans admit that Pirs can intercede with the Almighty and the uneducated offer to them not only direct supplications but even sacrifices. The Shrine of an important Pir, such as Hazrat Moin-ud-Din Chisti at Ajmere, is an edifice dedicated to a superhuman being as much as any Hindu temple.

This veneration of saints attains its strangest development in the sect of the Panchpiriyas or worshippers of the five Pirs. They are treated by the last census of India as "Hindus whose religion has a strong Mohammedan flavour[1167]." There is no agreement as to who the five saints or deities are, but though the names vary from place to place they usually comprise five of the best known semi-mythical Pirs[1168]. Whoever they may be, they are worshipped under the form of a small tomb with five domes or of a simple mound of clay set in the corner of a room. Every Wednesday the mound is washed and offerings of flowers and incense are made. A somewhat similar sect are the Mâlkânas of the Panjab. These appear to be Hindus formerly converted to Islam and now in process of reverting to Hinduism.

The influence of Hinduism on Indian Mohammedanism is thus obvious. It is responsible for the addition to the Prophet's creed of much superstition but also for rendering it less arid and more human. It is harder to say how far Moslim mysticism and Sufiism are due to the same influence. History and geography raise no difficulties to such an origin. Arabia was in touch with the western coast of India for centuries before the time of Mohammed: the same is true of the Persian Gulf and Bagdad, and of Balkh and other districts near the frontiers of India. But recent writers on Sufiism[1169] have shown a disposition to seek its origin in Neoplatonism rather than in the east. This hypothesis, like the other, presents no geographical difficulties. Many Arab authors, such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd) were influenced by Greek Philosophy: Neoplatonists are said to have taken refuge in Persia at the Court of Nushirwan (c. A.D. 532): the Fihrist (c. 988) mentions Porphyry and Plotinus. If, therefore, Sufiism, early or late, presents distinct resemblances to Neoplatonism, we need not hesitate to ascribe them to direct borrowing, remembering that Neoplatonism itself contains echoes of India. But, admitting that much in the doctrine of the Sufis can be found to the west as well as to the east of the countries where they flourished, can it be said that their general tone is Neoplatonic? Amongst their characteristics are pantheism; the institution of religious orders and monasteries; the conception of the religious life as a path or journey; a bold use of language in which metaphors drawn from love, wine and music are freely used in speaking of divine things and, although the doctrine of metempsychosis may be repudiated as too obviously repugnant to Islam, a tendency to believe in successive existences or states of the soul. Some of these features, such as the use of erotic language, may be paralleled in other ancient religions as well as Hinduism but the pantheism which, not content with speaking of the soul's union with God, boldly identifies the soul with the divinity and says I am God, does not seem traceable in Neoplatonism. And though a distinction may justly be drawn between early and later Sufiism and Indian influence be admitted as stronger in the later developments, still an early Sufi, Al-Hallaj, was executed in 922 A.D. for saying Ana 'l-Haqq, I am the Truth or God, and we are expressly told that he visited India to study magic. Many important Sufis made the same journey or at least came within the geographical sphere of Indian influence. Faridu-'d-Din Attar travelled in India and Turkestan; Jalalu-'d-Din er-Rumi was born at Balkh, once a centre of Buddhism: Sa'di visited Balkh, Ghazna, the Panjab, and Gujarat, and investigated Hindu temples[1170]. Hafiz was invited to the Deccan by Sultan Muhammad Bahmani and, though shipwreck prevented the completion of the visit, he was probably in touch with Indian ideas. These journeys indicate that there was a prevalent notion that wisdom was to be found in India and those who could not go there must have had open ears for such Indian doctrines as might reach them by oral teaching or in books. After the establishment of the Caliphate at Bagdad in the eighth century translations of Indian authors became accessible. Arabic versions were made of many works on astronomy, mathematics and medicine and the example of Alberuni shows how easily such treatises might be flavoured with a relish of theology. His book and still more the Fihrist testify to the existence among Moslims, especially in Bagdad and Persia, of an interest in all forms of thought very different from the self-satisfied bigotry which too often characterizes them. The Caliph Ma'mun was so fond of religious speculation and discussion that he was suspected of being a Manichee and nicknamed Amiru-'l-Kafirin, Commander of the Unbelievers. Everything warrants the supposition that in the centuries preceding Mohammed, Indian ideas were widely disseminated in western Asia, partly as a direct overflow from India, for instance in Turkestan and Afghanistan, and partly as entering, together with much other matter, into the doctrines of Neoplatonists and Manichæans. Amid the intolerant victories of early Islam such ideas would naturally retreat, but they soon recovered and effected an entrance into the later phases of the faith and were strengthened by the visits of Sufi pilgrims to Turkestan and India.

The form of Jewish mysticism known as Kabbala, which in Indian terminology might be described as Jewish Tantrism, has a historical connection with Sufiism and a real analogy to it, for both arise from the desire to temper an austere and regal deism with concessions to the common human craving for the interesting and picturesque, such as mysticism and magic. If the accent of India can sometimes be heard in the poems of the Sufis we may also admit that the Kabbala is its last echo.

Experts do not assign any one region as the origin of the Kabbala but it grew on parallel lines in both Egypt and Babylonia, in both of which it was naturally in touch with the various oriental influences which we have been discussing. It is said to have been introduced to Europe about 900 A.D. but received important additions and modifications at the hands of Isaac Luria (1534-72) who lived in Palestine, although his disciples soon spread his doctrines among the European Jews.

Many features of the Kabbala, such as the marvellous powers assigned to letters, the use of charms and amulets, the emanations or phases of the deity and the theory of the correspondence between macrocosm and microcosm, are amazingly like Indian Tantrism but no doubt are more justly regarded as belonging to the religious ideas common to most of Asia[1171]. But in two points we seem able to discern definite Hindu influence. These are metempsychosis and pantheism, which we have so often found to have some connection with India when they exist in an extreme form. Their presence here is specially remarkable because they are alien to the spirit of orthodox Judaism. Yet the pre-existence and repeated embodiment of the soul is taught in the Zohar and even more systematically by Luria, in whose school were composed works called Gilgûlim, or lists of transmigrations. The ultimate Godhead is called En soph or the infinite and is declared to be unknowable, not to be described by positive epithets, and therefore in a sense non-existent, since nothing which is predicated of existing beings can be truly predicated of it. These are crumbs from the table of Plotinus and the Upanishads.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1164: But see on this point Census of India, 1911, vol. I. part I. p. 128.]

[Footnote 1165: Another instance is the shrine of Saiyad Salar Masud at Bahraich. He was a nephew of Mahmud of Ghazni and was slain by Hindus, but is now worshipped by them. See Grierson, J.R.A.S. 1911, p. 195.]

[Footnote 1166: See for examples, Census of India, 1901, Panjab, p. 151, e.g. the Brahmans of a village near Rawal Pindi are said to be Murids of Abdul-Kadir-Jilani.]

[Footnote 1167: Census of India, 1911, vol. I. part I. p. 195. The Mâlkânas are described on the same page.]

[Footnote 1168: Such as Ghazi Miyan, Pir Badar, Zindha Ghazi, Sheikh Farid, Sheikh Sadu and Khwaja Khizr.]

[Footnote 1169: E.G. Browne, Literary History of Persia: R.A. Nicholson, Selected Poems from the Divan of Shems-i-Tabriz.]

[Footnote 1170: He describes how he discovered the mechanism by which the priests made miraculous images move. See Browne, Lit. Hist. Persia, II. 529.]

[Footnote 1171: But there is something very Indian in the reluctance of the Kabbalists to accept creation ex nihilo and to explain it away by emanations, or by the doctrine of limitation, that is God's self-withdrawal in order that the world might be created, or even by the eternity of matter.]

INDEX

Abbot. See Monasteries, and Organisation--ecclesiastical

Abdul Kadir Jilani, III. 459

Abhakta, III. 426

Abhayagiri, I. 292, 293; III. 16, 19, 33, 297

Abhayakara, II. 112; III. 360, 387

Abhaya Râjâ, II. 113

Abhidhamma, I. 208, 256, 258, 276 sq., 280, 289, 291, 299, 300; II. 47 sq., 80, 82, 102; III. 30, 39, 61, 71, 372, 374

Abhidhammattha-sangaha, III. 71 sangraha, III. 39, 45

Abhidharma, III. 292, 299 Kośâ, II. 89; III. 213, 286, 314 Pitaka, II. 59, 81; III. 285, 373 vibhâshaśâstra, II. 78, 81; III. 213 vyâkhyâ, II. 89

Abhimukhi, II. 11

Abhinava Gupta, II. 223, 224

Abhiñña, I. 317

Abhirâjâ, III. 50

Abhîras, II. 156

Abhisheka, II. 122, 275; III. 355

Ablur inscription, II. 225

Aboriginal deities, I. xxxvi, 6; II. 126, 127, 138, 285; III. 68, 97, 112, 182, 185, 224, 343, 382

Absolute Godhead. See Brahman

Abu (Mount), I. 115, 120; II. 203

Abul Fazl, III. 417

Acala, II. 11; III. 392

Açaranga, I. 116

Acâriyaparamparâ, III. 306

Acârya, II. 114, 221, 257; III. 121 bhimâna, II. 237 Pâśupata, III. 114 Śaiva, III. 114 vada, I. 262

Achæmenian reliefs, III. 449

Aciravati, I. 150

Acit, II. 316

Acts of the Apostles, I. 255

Acyuta, III. 114

Acyutânanda Dâsa, II. 115

Adam, III. 217

Adam's Bridge, II. 150 Peak, I. 7; III. 13, 43

Adhâra Kârikâs, II. 224

Adharma, I. 106

Adhicitta, I. 313, 315; III. 310

Adhipañña, I. 313; III. 310

Adhyâtma Râmâyaṇa, II. 152, 187, 194

Adi-Buddha, II. 13, 26, 31, 57, 117, 118, 119, 129; III. 173, 387

Adi-granth, II. 263, 268

Adityas, I. 61; II. 146

Adityavarman, III. 163

Adonis, Attis and Osiris, II. 285

Advaita (philosophy), I. cii, 74, 82, 235; II. 40, 74, 204, 225, 238, 258, 289, 307, 312 sq.; III. 305,421

(P. N.), II. 254

Advaya, III. 173-181

Adyar Library, II. 195, 210, 270, 322

Aeltere vedanta, II. 315

Aeons, III. 444

Afghanistan, I. 19, 24, 28, 29, 31, 264; II. 272; III. 199, 456

âgamana, II. 43, 92

Agama prâmânya, II. 232

Agamas, II. 128, 188, 189, 190, 204, 216, 222, 282; III. 214, 282, 292, 296, 297, 299

αγαπη, I. 184, 216, 253

Agarwals, II. 177

Agastya, II. 213

Aggabodhi, king, III. 33

Aggañña Sûtra, I. 336

Aghora, II. 198, 234

Aghoris, II. 203, 289

Agiśala, II. 77

Agni, I. 56, 62

Agnihotri, I. 90

Agni Purâna, II. 130, 281

Agnishtoma, I. 66; II. 170

Agnostic teachers, I. 98

Agra, I. 87

Agrayâna, II. 3

Agriculture forbidden, I. 113

Ahamkâra, I. lxxvii; II. 299

Ahan, III. 282, 296

Ahar, III. 116

Ahimsâ, I. lvi; II. 114, 170 sq., 200; III. 248

Ahinas, I. 69

Ahirbudhnya Samhitâ, II. 147, 194, 195 of the Pañcarâtra Agama, II. 188

Ahirs, II. 158

Ahmadabad, I. 115, 119; II. 175, 252, 266

Ahmadnagar, I. 29

Ahoms (kingdom, etc.), II. 259, 280, 288; III. 79

Ahriman, I. 336

Ahuna-vairya, III. 220 Mazda, I. 60, 64; II. 198; III. 220, 449

Ai (emperor), III. 245

Aihole, II. 172; III. 106

Aisvarya, II. 196

Aitareya Brahmâna, I. 67

Aivyâonghen, III. 453

Aiyar Sesha, II. 219

Aiyengar, Krishna Swâmi, II. 233, 238

Ajanta, I. 26, 212; II. 108; III. 102

Ajâta Śatru, king (Ajâta Sattu), I. 36, 74, 77, 87, 111, 131, 132, 153, 156, 157, 158, 161, 169, 172, 221, 298; III. 23, 24

Ajayadeva, I. 114

Ajita, I. 99; II. 21

Ajîva, I. 107

Ajîvikas, I. 49, 99, 123, 241, 268; III. 13

Ajmer, I. 29; III. 458, 459

Akâlis, II. 272, 273

Akâśagarbha, II. 24; III. 216, 283

Akbar, I. 30, 31, 115; II. 242, 266, 269; III. 417, 456

Akiñcaññâyatanam, I. 135

Akriyavâdins, I. 99

Akshobhya (Buddha), II. 26, 27; III. 122, 166, 169, 173

Alabaster, III. 98

Alâra Kâlâma, I. 135, 136, 303, 316

Alasanda, III. 18

Ala-ud-din, I. 29, 30; III. 456

Alavandâr, II. 232 stotram, II. 232

Alayavijñâna, I. xxxix; II. 43, 44, 84, 87

Alberuni, II. 187, 189, 228; III. 446, 453, 456, 461

Albigenses, III. 445

Alexander, king, I. 268

Alexander of Macedon, I. xxx, xxxi, 21, 50, 177; III. 189, 413, 430, 450

Alexandria, III. 414

Al Hallaj, III. 460

Alkondavilli Govindacârya, I. 40; II. 233

Allah, I. 8; II. 216, 270. See also God and Islam

Allahabad, II. 99

Allakappa, I. 169

Allopanishad, II. 270

All Souls' Day, III. 264, 332

Alompra, III. 47 sq., 169

A-lo-pen, III. 217

Alphabets, I. 61; III. 4, 51, 80, 82, 104, 106, 154, 157, 183, 190, 191, 192, 201, 300 sq., 348, 355, 450

Altan, III. 361

Älterer vedanta, II. 74

Alvar. See Arvar

Amarakosha, II. 280; III. 181

Amarapura, III. 36, 37, 49

Amâravati stupa, II. 85, 108, 143 (Quãngnam), III. 137

Amardas Guru, II. 268

Amar Mul, II. 266 Singh, II. 147

Amasis, III. 434

Ambaherana Salamevan, III. 40

Ambalatthika, I. 288

Amban, III. 367 sq.

Ambapâlâ, I. 163

Ambatthasutta, I. 87, 131; II. 175

Ambhojanetra, III. 122

Ambikâ, II. 277

Amdo, III. 358, 400

Ameretat, III. 220

American Lectures, I. 151, 212

Amesha Spenta, II. 12, 120, 198

Amida, I. 182, 215; III. 312, 321, 404, 418

Amidism, I. xlix; III. 220 sq.

Amiru-'l-Kafirin, III. 461

Amitâbha (Buddha), I. xxix, xxxii; II. 6, 13, 23, 26, 28, 33, 60, 66, 72, 86, 88, 181, 182; III. 124, 166, 173, 176, 218, 219 sq., 292, 313, 327, 365, 385, 390, 451

Amitâyurdhyânasûtra, II. 23, 29, 30; III. 313

Amitâyus, II. 28, 30, 33, 103; III. 391

Amittaranpapâtikad, I. 116

Amogha, III. 39, 264, 293, 327, 349

Amoghapâsa, III. 163, 390

Amoghasiddhi, II. 26; III. 166, 173, 176, 181

Amoghavajra, III. 317

Amoghavarsha, I. 314

Amoy, III. 333

Ampel, III. 161

Amritsar, II. 268, 272

amsa, II. 239

Amulets, I. 109. See also Magic

Anachronistic practices, II. 168

Anâgâmin, I. 227

Anâgata-vamsa, II. 22

Anahit, II. 276

Analecta, I. 177; III. 227

Ananda, I. 133, 151, 153, 155, 156, 160, 162, 163 sq., 170, 174, 207, 209, 247, 256, 261, 288, 343, 344; II. 9, 29, 56; III. 20, 307, 342, 439

Garbha, II. 128 Giri, II. 110 Kâya, II. 32

Anandam, I. 84

Ananda Pagoda, III. 74

Anandasrama Press, II. 195

Ananda Temple, II. 55, 56 Tirtha, II. 237

Anantavarman Colaganga, I. 30

ananuvejjo, I. 235

anariyam, I. 241

Anatta, I. 191, 194, 219

anatthapindeka, I. 151, 180

Anawrata (king), I. xxv; III. 7, 11, 47 sq.

Ancestor-worship, I. 3, 9, 10, 12, 33; III. 68, 116, 236, 344

An-Chou, III. 206, 216

Ancient Ceylon, III. 18, 19 India, II. 153, 159

Anda, III. 361

Andal, II. 231

Andhakas, I. 261

Andhra (kingdom, etc.), I. 22; II. 85, 100, 108; III. 102

Andras, I. 268

Anecdota Oxoniensia, II. 52

Anekantavâda, I. 108

Anesaki, I. 293; III. 294, 296, 297, 299, 317

Angada Guru, II. 268

Angas, I. 116, 149, 281; II. 279

Ang Chan (king), III. 111

Ang Duong (king), III. 112

Angela (St.) of Foligno, I. 160

Angirâsas, I. 54; II. 152

Angkor Wat (Thom), III. 106, 109 sq., 132 sq.

Angulimâla Pitaka, I. 180, 293, 317; III. 422

Angulimâlija Sutra, II. 103

Anguttara Nikâya, I. lxxiii, 134, 212, 223, 278, 288, 289, 295; II. 48, 49; III. 65, 296, 297

an-had, II. 262

An-hsi (Parthia), III. 248

aniccam, I. 219

Aniko Lama, III. 356

Animals, I. lvi, xcix, 68, 115, 267; II. 131, 167; III. 248, 254, 344, 445, 446.

See also Ahimsâ

Animism, I. 104, 332; II. 167; III. 42, 98. See also Aboriginal deities, Nats, Nature worship, Phis

Aniruddha, II. 196, 235

Annales du Musée Guimet, II. 122, 275

Annals (various), III. 104, 105, 108, 110, 111, 153, 344

Annam (Champa), I. xxiv, xxvi; II. 25; III. 6, 8, 111, 129, 135, 140, 141, 340 sq.

Anomâ, I. 175

An-shih Kao, II. 64; III. 248, 292, 313

Antagadasao, I. 116

Antakritad, I. 116

antarâtman, III. 175

antarâya, I. 107

Antaryâmin, II. 46, 235, 317

Antigonus, I. 268; III. 430

Antioch, I. 255

Antiochus, king, I. 268; III. 430

Anu, II. 223, 292

Anugîtâ, II. 187

Anugraha, II. 180

Anukramani, II. 152

Anula (Princess), III. 17

Anumâna, II. 293

an-upadi-seśa-nibbanam, I. 223

Anurâdhapura, I. 143, 276; III. 16, 23

Anuruddha, I. 134, 155, 168; III. 39, 45

Anusâsana purâna, II. 194

Anuttara Yoga, II. 128, 189

Anuttarovavâidasâo, I. 116

Any Saint, II. 162, 183

Apabhramsa, I. 299

Apah, I. 63

Apântaratamas, II. 202

Aparantaka, III. 50, 51

Apararâjagirika, I. 259

Aparaselikas, I. 259

Aparimitâyus Sûtras, III. 191

Apocryphal Gospels, III. 441

Apollo, II. 139

Apollonius, III. 431, 447

Appar, II. 215

Apratishṭhita, I. 323

Apsus (Ephesus) (Chotscho), III. 205

apûrva, II. 311

Apvâ, I. 102

Arabia (Arabs, etc.), I. 28; II. 109; III. 152, 154, 160, 263, 455

Aracosia, I. 23

Arahanta School, III. 59 Thera, III. 55 sq.

Arahattam, I. xxi

Arakan, II. 105; III. 14, 36, 47

Aramaic Alphabet, III. 191

Araṇyakas, I. 53; III. 53

Arâti, I. 102

Arcâ (image), I. lxx; III. 185

Archæological Survey of Mayurabhanj, II. 114, 126

Archbishop (R.C.), III. 417

Architecture, I. lxvi, 92, 119; II. 109, 211; III. 3, 51, 73, 89, 132 sq., 143 sq., 165 sq., 184 sq., 194, 239, 345, 450

arcismati, II. 11

Arcot, II. 113

Ardhanareśvara, II. 145

ardhanarî image, III. 144

Arhat, I. 110, 145, 146, 166, 214, 223, 227, 232, 260; II. 6, 8; III. 57, 326 sq.

Ariobalo, II. 14

Aris, III. 53

Aristobulus, III. 450

Aristocratic republics. See Mallas, Sakyas, Vajjians

Ariyapariyesana sutta, I. 135, 152

Ariya saccâni, I. 200 vaṃsa, III. 61

Arjun (Guru), II. 268, 269

Arjuna, II. 156, 200, 253

Arjunavijaya, III. 172

Armenians, I. 122; III. 191

Arnold, Matthew, I. xcvi, 328

arogya, I. 201

Arrows in rite, I. 100; III. 219

Arsacidae, I. 22; III. 191

Arsha (Ardha) Magadha, I. 116

Art, I. xiii, xxix, xxxi, xxxiv, lxvi, xc, 22, 92, 137, 173, 212; II. 169, 211; III. 4, 96, 186, 194 sq., 240, 241, 242, 252, 269, 356, 382, 405

l'Art Gréco-Bouddhique du Gandhara, II. 76

Artaxerxes Longimanus, I. 341

Artha pancaka, II. 237 purâna śâstra, III. 142 śâstra, I. 18

Artjeh, III. 185

Arul, II. 217

Arunandi, II. 221

Arûparâgo, I. 227

Arvars, II. 231, 233, 236

Arya (religion, people), I. xv, 3, 7, 15, 19, 20, 54, 55, 59, 200; II. 177; III. 273

Aryabhaṭa, III. 152

Aryadeva, I. xxxiii; II. 85, 86; III. 219

Aryamahâsanghika, II. 59 nikâya, II. 101

Arya-mañjuśrî-mûla-tantra, III. 375

Arya-mûla-sarvâstivâda-nikâya, II. 91, 102

Arya Samaj, I. xlvii; III. 457

Arya-sammiti, III. 148

Arya-sammitika-nikâya, II. 102

Arya sarvâstivâdin, III. 148

Aryasthavira nikâya, II. 102; III. 20

Asâlha, I. 245

Asanam, I. 305

Asanga, I. xxxviii, 193, 293, 305; II. 11, 22, 31, 48, 57, 59, 82 sq., 102, 125, 306; III. 166, 214, 216, 219, 284, 285, 294, 315, 376, 452

Asankhadhâtu, I. 225

asankhato, I. 225, 260

asankhyakalpa, II. 103

Aśâpati, I, 102

Asava, I. 139

Asceticism (also Celibacy), I. xvi, lxi, lxv, 42, 49, 71, 84, 96, 105, 107, 110, 119, 123, 138, 240; II. 207, 320; III. 183, 235, 248, 316, 345, 429, 433, 438, 446

Asclepiadae, I. 69

Asgiri, III. 37

Ashikaga period, III. 405

Asi, II. 245

Asita, I. 133, 174; III. 440

Asoka, I. xxii, c, 16, 18, 21, 50, 99, 103, 113, 127, 132, 248, 254, 274; II. 65, 80, 93, 108, 116, 214; III. 5, 6, 13, 22, 44, 190, 207, 235, 300, 329, 430, 450

Asramas, I. 89, 90; II. 203; III. 113

Asrava, I. 107

Aṣrua, III. 215

Assam, I. xxxvi, lxxv, lxxxvii, 14, 25, 104; II. 126, 127, 143, 175, 185, 191, 244, 259 sq.; III. 44, 79

Astarte, I. 63; II. 275

Astarte Syriaca, I. lxxxvii

Astral body, I. 317

Astrology, I. xxv; III. 67, 96, 129, 157, 232

Astronomy, I. 335; III. 372, 415

Asuras, I. 61, 335

Asuri, II. 296

Aśvaghosha, I. xxx, 300; II. 5, 49, 59, 65, 68, 79, 82 sq., 104, 169, 176; III. 190, 219, 285, 286, 292, 294, 295, 300, 307, 376, 439

Asvamedha, I. 68

Asvapati Kaikeya, I. 74

Asvavarman, III. 164

Asvins, I. 63

Aṭânâṭiya sutta, I. 278; III. 42

Atharvans, I. 54, 63

Atharva Veda, I. 54, 55, 98, 101; II. 50, 142, 270, 275; III. 67

Athenaeus, II. 432

Atîśa, I. xxvii; II. 19, 112; III. 52, 60, 352 sq., 375, 380, 386, 398

Atiths, II. 177

Atman, I. lii, lxiii, lxiv, 45, 62, 79, 81, 84, 98, 188, 191, 218, 220; II. 75, 124, 180, 266, 296, 308, 309; III. 175, 305

Atmâ Râm, II. 266

Atnan, III. 342

Atomic theory, I. 109

Atonement, I. xiv, 69; III. 427

Atta, I. 188, 191, 218, 220; II. 101

atthakam, I. 150

Atthakathâ, III. 14

Atthasâlini, III. 28

Atula, III. 63 sq.

Aufrecht, II. 148; III. 387, 452

Auguries, II. 105

Augustus, I. 26; III. 431

Aulieata, III. 202

Aung, S.Z., I. 189, 259; III. 39, 71

Aurora, I. 63

Aurungzeb, I. xlv, 30, 31; II. 252, 261, 270, 271; III. 453, 456

Ausgewählte Erzählungen, I. 116

Ava, III. 48, 58, 61

Avadânas, II. 58 sq.

Avadhûtas, II. 243

Avalokita, I. xxix; II. 12, 13, 23, 30, 57, 60, 73, 86, 103, 105, 122, 125, 128; III. 39, 53, 123, 144, 149, 165, 218, 219, 221, 239, 295, 343, 348, 360, 365, 390, 393

Avalokiteśvara, III. 120

Avalon, I. 67, 311; II. 121, 188, 190, 274, 281, 282, 320; III. 40

Avanti, I. 282

Avasarpini, I. 107

Avataṃsakasûtra, II. 10, 54, 60; III. 218, 282, 283, 292, 313, 315, 374, 378

Avatâras, I. lxx, 48; II. 73, 130, 197; III. 307, 419

Averroes, III. 460

Avesta, I. 19, 60, 63; II. 28; III. 220, 451

avibhâga, II. 312

Avicenna, III. 460

Avîci, I. 338

avijja, I. 227

avyâkatâni, I. 228, 233

avyanga, III. 453, 454

Awakening of Faith, xxxii; II. 34, 42, 44, 83, 84, 87; III. 219, 286

Ayârângasutta, I. 116

âyatanam, I. 226

Ayenar, II, 164

Aymonier, III. 80, 85, 111, 113, 117, 120, 123

Ayodhya, I. 20, 25; II. 87, 100, 149

Ayushka, I. 107

Ayuthia, III. 30, 79 sq.

Azhvar, see Arvar

Ba, I. 218

Baber, I. 28, 30

Babylon, I. 61, 204; III. 103, 430, 432

Bacchic groups, II. 159

Bactria, I. 22, 24; II. 139, 276; III. 189, 200, 414

Badakshan, I. xxvi; III. 202

Badami, I. 26; II. 164, 172; III. 7, 107, 114, 116, 146

Bâdarâyana, II. 211, 311, 316

Badarî, II. 238

Badrinath, I. 17; II. 207, 208

Badulla, III. 43

Bagdad, III. 461

Bagyidaw, III. 65

Bahmani dynasty, I. 29, 30

Bahraich, III. 458

bâhyayâga, II. 152

Baidyanath, III. 459

Baishnabs, II. 177

Bajra, III. 172

Bajrapâni, III. 173

Bako, III. 115

Bakus, III. 129

bala, II. 196

Balabhi, II. 105

Baladeva, II. 153, 255

Bâla Gopâla, II. 249

Balambangan, III. 160

Balarâma, II. 154

Bale Agoeng, III. 183

Bali, II. 148; III. 135, 151, 157, 171, 179, 183 sq.

Bali-Agas, III. 185

Balkh, I. 25; III. 25, 202, 213, 461

Ballantyne, II. 296

Bambino, II. 160

Bamian, II. 102, 177; III. 3, 194, 202, 213

Bamunias, II. 260

Bamyin, I. 25

Bâṇa, I. xxxix, 15; II. 97, 187, 206, 280

bana, III. 36, 42

Banda, II. 271

ban-de, III. 351

Bandha, I. 107

Bandyas, II. 119

Bangkok, III. 79, 86, 93

Baniyas, I. 115

Banon, III. 167

Banyan grove, I, 148 Tree, I. 82

Bâp, II. 206

Ba-phuong, III. 132

Baptism, III. 422; cf. abhiśekha

Barabar, III. 53

Baramba, II. 114

Bardesanes, III. 444

Bargosa, III. 431

Barlaam and Joasaph, III. 442

Barna Brahmans, II. 173

Barnett, II. 222, 224

Baroda, I. 31, 116; II. 202, 252

Barom Recha, II. 259

Barpeta, II. 259

Barth, II. 143, 169, 238; III. 23, 427

Bartholomew (Apostle), III. 414

Basaih, III. 127

Båså Kawi, III. 170

Basava, II. 176, 225

Bashpa, III. 273, 354 sq.

Basiasita, III. 307

Basidides, III. 444, 445

Bassêt Simâdamataka, III. 113

Basti, I. 120

Basuli, II. 277

Batavia, III. 158

Bat Cum, III. 122

Bathuris, II. 115

Battambang, III. 112

Bauddham, III. 44

Baudhâyana, II. 279 dharma sûtra, III. 102

Bauras, II. 119

Bauris, II. 115

Baveru, III. 103, 430

Bayin Naung, III. 26, 47 sq.

Bayon, III. 106, 109, 115, 134

Bäzäklik, III. 193

Beal, I. 173, 275; II. 3, 56; III. 213, 276, 284, 312, 331

Beames, II. 244

Beatae Angelae de Fulginio Visionum et Instructionum Liber, I. 160

Beatitudes, I. 184, 213

Beckh, III. 195, 373

Bednur, II. 226

Belattha, I. 98

Belgami, II. 108

Beluva, I. 163

Benares, I. xlvi, 20, 87, 89, 132, 140; II. 112, 171, 189, 194, 208, 227, 243, 254, 263; III. 25

Bendall, II. 56, 116, 121, 123, 220

Bendall and Haraprasad, II. 18

Bengal, I. xxxvi, lxxxvii, 19, 25, 29, 31, 87, 114, 121; II. 32, 92, 100, 102, 108, 109, 111, 113, 173, 190, 230, 242, 253, 277, 278, 279, 349 sq., 356

Bengali literature, I. xlv, 299; II. 187, 244, 255 Vaishnavas, II. 245

Beng Mealea, III. 109

Berar, I. 31; II. 85

Bergaigne, III. 137

Bergson, I. cii

Berlin Museum, II. 20

Bernheim, I. 318

Bernier, II. 320

Bertholet, I. iv

Besant, Mrs., I. xlvii

Besnagar column, II. 153, 197

Bettu, I. 120

Beveridge, I. 90

de Beylié III. 74, 89

Bhabajanas, II. 261

Bhabru Edict, I. 264, 270, 290, 295

Bhaddiya, I. 131, 224

Bhadrabâhu, I. 114, 116; II. 214

Bhadratittha, III. 45

Bhadravarman, III. 115, 139, 143, 146

Bhadresvara, III. 115, 146

Bhaga, I. 57, 63

Bhagava, I. 152

Bhagavad Gîtâ, I. xxx, xliv, xlv, lxxiv, lxxx, 218, 333; II. 31, 72, 162, 180, 186, 195, 200, 201, 208, 219, 225, 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 238, 239, 257, 293, 296, 306, 317; III. 174, 420, 423

Bhagavân, II. 255; III. 21

Bhagavat, II. 156, 195

Bhagavata Purâna, I. lxxiv; II. 130, 147, 148, 157, 187, 188, 193, 195, 198, 219, 231, 251, 281

Bhagavatas, II. 97, 153, 156, 194, 195, 197, 209, 211, 234, 280

Bhagavâta Tika subodhini, II. 249

Bhaga vatî, I. 116; III. 144, 145, 147

Bhagavatîśvara, III. 144

Bhagawanis, II. 261

bhairabi, II. 286

Bhairava, II. 145

Bhairavi, II. 277, 288

Bhairav Nath, III. 458

Bhaisajja, I. 201

Bhaishajya guru, III. 390

Bhakats (Bhaktas), II. 260

Bhakta-mâla, II. 147, 191, 199, 245

Bhakti, I. 49; II. 153, 174, 180-183, 228, 255; III. 417 sq. See also Salvation

Bhallika, III. 50, 215

Bhandagâma, I. 162, 164

Bhandarkar, II. 152, 153, 157, 202, 230, 231, 233, 238, 242, 248, 256, 257, 262, 320, 452

Bhante, I. 152

Bhâratâ, II. 169 Samhitâ, II. 189 yuddha, III. 158, 171

Bharat Dharma Mahamandala, I. xlvii

Bharati, III. 114

Bhârgavîya, III. 142

Bhartrihari, II. 97; III. 437

Bharukaccha (Broach), III. 13

Bhâshya, II. 89; III. 120

Bhaskara Varma, II. 127

Bhatâra, III. 184 Guru, III. 179 Viśesha, III. 173

Bhattacarya (Jogendranath), II. 163, 173, 177, 209, 210, 244, 261

Bhava, I. 208; II. 146

Bhâvâdvaita, II. 322

bhâvanâs, III. 173

Bhavavarman, III. 102, 108, 109, 114

Bhavaviveka, II. 74, 94

Bhâvishya Purâna, I. lxxiv; III. 423, 452, 453

bhedabheda prakâśa II. 255

Bhikkhu (Bhikshu, Bhikku), I. 96, 157, 182, 237-253; II. 104, 119, 210; III. 39, 41, 65, 123, 130, 256

Bhils, II. 155

Bhima, II. 239; III. 146 Bhoi, II. 115, 116

Bhoja, I. 27, 268; III. 162

Bhrikutî, III. 389, 394

Bhringi, II. 278

Bhû, II. 145

Bhubanesvar, I. xlvi; II. 114, 173, 174, 206

bhukti, I. lxxvi

bhûmi, II. 9, 11

Bhutan, III. 370

Bhutas, I. 6; III. 182 (boetas)

Bhûtatathatâ, I. 220; II. 34, 43, 67, 84

bhûtiśakti (matter), II. 196, 197

Bible, The, I. 255

Bibliotheca Buddhica, II. 57, 85 Indica, II. 9, 51, 195, 202

Bidar, I. 29

Bigandet, I. 173; III. 49

Bihar, I. xix, 20, 95, 113; II. 111, 112, 127

bîja, II. 122

Bijah, II. 263

Bijapur, I. 26, 29, 114, 225; II. 251; III. 106

Bijjala, I. 28, 114; II. 225

Bimbisâra (king), I. 111, 132, 135, 147, 157, 174, 242, 244; II. 30

Bindu, II. 319

Bindusâra, III. 432

Bing Dinh, III. 138

Binh Thuan, III. 137, 138

Binstead, III. 401

Biographies of Eminent Monks, III. 156

Biot, III. 259, 270

Bir-va-pa, II. 126

Bishnupad, II. 130

Bishwa Singh, II. 280

Blagden, III. 47

Blake, II. 286

Bland and Backhouse, III. 232

Bloch, III. 330

de Blonay, II. 16, 18

Blue Mahâkâla, The, III. 363

Boar (incarnation), II. 147

Bodawpaya, III. 49

Boddas, III. 446

Boddhâyana, II. 233

Bode, Mrs., I. 248; II. 49, 56, 66, 67

Bodhâyana, II. 234, 316

Bodh Gaya, I. 120, 136, 143, 272; II. 94, 112, 113, 129, 130; III. 56, 349

Bodhi, I. xxxviii; II. 32, 44; III. 56 Prince, I. 152

Bodhibhadra, II. 128

Bodhicaryâvatâra, II. 9; III. 240, 323, 331

Bodhicitta, II. 45; III. 174

Bodhidharma, I. xxvi; II. 46, 95, 316; III. 238, 253, 255, 256, 269, 272, 278, 304, 305, 307, 317, 323, 405

Bodhi-rajâkumâra sutta, I. 135

Bodhisattva, I. xxix, xxxi, xxxii, xl, 11, 174, 261, 343, 344; II. 6, 25, 66, 68, 87, 105, 118, 122, 123, 170; III. 31, 33, 63, 84, 120, 124, 169, 213, 216, 234, 265, 285, 318, 325 sq., 329, 389, 390, 451

Bodhi-sattva-bhûmi, II. 87 Pitaka, II. 61

Bodhi tree, I. 142, 143, 175; II. 22

Bodopaya (king), III, 63

Boehme (Jacob), I. 315

Boehtlingk and Rien, II. 153 Roth, III. 118

Boeleling, III. 184

Bog, I. 63

Bogomils, III. 445

Bohras, III. 455

Bokhara, III. 199

Bombay, I. 115, 116; III. 455

Bongard (Mgr), II. 161

Bonpo, III. 351, 380, 384

Bön religion, III. 193 scriptures, III. 381

Bonzes, III. 240 sq.

Book of Wisdom, III. 433

Borel, H., II. 42

Borneo, I. xii, 16; III. 6, 107, 151, 163

Boroboedoer, III. 102, 133, 155, 162, 165 sq., 177, 182, 385

Bosanquet, I. lxvii, ciii; II. 317

Bo Tree, I. 206; II. 96, 130; III. 14, 16, 17, 84, 98, 446

Bôt, III. 89

Bouddhisme (le), II. 9

Bouddhisme, Etudes et Matériaux, II. 121, 122

Bowden, III. 41

Bowl (Buddha's), III. 16, 24

Bradley, I. liv, lxiv, xcv, cii, ciii, 85; III. 80, 82

Brahma, I. xviii, 46, 62, 72, 227, 331, 333; II. 122, 137, 199, 228, 266, 284; III. 69, 146, 167, 169, 173, 215, 284, 388

Brahmacârin, I. 88

Brahmadutta, I. 289

Brahmajâla sutta, I. 97, 103; II. 28; III. 322

Brahman (Absolute Godhead, Pantheos), I. xviii, lxxx, 9, 47, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85; II. 40, 75, 234, 238, 289, 292, 308, 309 sq.; III. 228, 246, 445, 448 (Brahmin, caste and system), I. xvii, xviii, xxii, xxv, xxviii, xli, lxxxii, 34, 35, 37, 41, 74, 87, 88, 89, 91, 95, 104, 131, 133, 146, 158, 169, 184, 252, 268, 306; II. 99, 115, 116, 117, 118, 169, 171, 173, 176, 191, 192, 193, 210, 235; III. 13, 34, 51, 67, 93 sq., 112 sq., 176 sq., 183, 458

Brâhmaṇas, I. xxxiii, lxxiii, 20, 48, 51, 53, 62, 66, 69, 77, 87

Brâhmaṇâsrama, III. 121

Brâhmandapurâna, III. 172

Brahma Paripriccha, II. 62

Brahmapurâna, III. 186

Brahmaputra (river), II. 288

Brahmarakshas, III. 113

Brahma Sahampati, I. 102, 140, 142, 334

Brahma-sambandha-karaṇât, II. 249, 250

Brahma Saṃhitâ, II. 195

Brahma-sampradâya, II. 239, 255

Brahma Sûtras, I. xliii; II. 293, 314, 318

Brahmatantra-svatantra-swâmi, II. 232

Brahmâvaivarta Purâna, II. 158, 164

Brahmâvihâra, I. 315; II. 122

Brahmayoni (yoen), I. 147

Brahmi (inscriptions), II. 214; III. 190

Brahminism and Hinduism, II. 207 sq.

Brahmo Somaj, I. xlvii

Brah Sugandha, III. 131

Brahui (affinities), I. 20

Braj, II. 158, 161, 244, 245, 255

Brandes, III. 172

Branding, III. 324, 328

Brantas River, III. 159

Breath (as self), I. 77, 306

Brihad Araṇyaka Upanishad, I. lxxiii, 76, 79, 82, 83, 84, 94, 298; II. 124, 235, 238, 239, 240, 308

Brihadbrahma Saṃhitâ, II. 195

Brihaspati, II. 320

Brihatsamhita, III. 452

Brihatsannyâsa Upanishad, II. 198

Brindaban, II. 249, 254

Broach, III. 106, 155

Brom-ston, III. 380

Browne, E.G., III. 460

Bruno (Giordano), I. lv

Bruzha, III. 212, 350, 377

Buddha (Jain term), I. 110

Buddha, the, I. xix sq., xxix, xlix, lii, lviii, lxxiii, lxxviii, 20, 27, 48, 49, 64, 72, 97, 103, 111, 129 sq., 133 sq., 143, 146-176, 180, 297; II. 97, 99, 105, 113, 115, 130, 148, 224, 305; III. 89, 446

Buddha-bhadra, II. 85

Buddha Cârita, I. 173, 176; II. 53, 68, 83, 113; III. 286, 294

Buddha-dâsa, king, III. 31

Buddha-deva, II. 114

Buddhâgama, III. 180

Buddhaghosa, I. 151, 190, 205, 209, 212, 255, 270, 281, 293, 312, 321; III. 13, 14, 15, 23, 28 sq., 52, 298

Buddhaghosuppatti, III. 28, 31

Buddhagupta, II. 115

Buddhakapâla, III. 391

Buddhakshetra, II. 12

Buddhamitra, III. 307

Buddhanandi, III. 307

Buddhanirvâna, III. 149

Buddhapamutus, III. 172

Buddhas, I. xix, xxix, 46, 129, 342; II. 6, 123; III. 169, 218, 317, 318, 342

Buddhasammayoga, II. 128

Buddhasanti, II. 126

Buddha und Mâra, I. 143

Buddha-vaṃsa, I. 280, 343, 344

Buddhavataṃsaka-sûtra, II. 61

Buddhâvatâri, II. 114

buddhi, II. 299

Buddhism in Tibet, I. 336 in translations, I. 190, 252, 320 of Tibet, II. 128

Buddhist Art in India, II. 20, 143; III. 14 Birth Stories, I. 171 China, II. 18; III. 325 India, III. 14 legends of Asoka and his time, III. 23 Literature, I. lxxiii, 95, 275-301 (Pali Canon); II. 47-62 (Mahayanist), 71 (Burma); III. 281-302 (Chinese Canon), 372-381 (Tibetan). See Nikâya, Pitakas, Sûtras (Suttas), Vinaya psychology, I. 190, 193, 213 Records of the Western World, I. 258

Budge, II. 122

Bühler, I. 105, 113; II. 109, 126, 127; III. 74, 297

Buitenzorg, III. 153

Buiti, III. 218

Bukka, I. 30

Bulis, I. 169

Bundehish, III. 220

Bundelkhand, I. 27; II. 261

Bunmei period, III. 291

Bunrak, III. 84

Burma, I. xii, xix, xxiv, xxv, lxxxii, xciv, 120, 241, 248, 276; II. 80; III. 7, 34, 46-77, 81, 262, 353

Burnet, III. 434

Burnouf, II. 53

Burnt offerings, II. 128

Bushell, III. 351

Bushido, III. 405

Busiris, III. 434

Bu-ston, III. 357, 380, 381, 395

Byamma Nat, III. 69

Byams-chen-chos-nje, III. 359

Byamspa (Jampa), II. 21

Byzantine Empire, I. 39

Cæsar, I. 177

Caitanya, II. 113, 147, 176, 230, 234, 244, 245, 248, 253 sq., 268

Caitanya-carit-amrita, II. 113

Caitanya Dâsa, II. 115

Cakkavâlas, I. 336

Cakra, II. 198, 284; III. 387

Cakravartin, I. 36; II. 89; III. 116, 117, 394

Caland and Henri, I. 66

Calcutta, II. 116, 286

Caldwell, II. 219, 220; III. 418

Calicut, I. 31

Caliphate, III. 461

Caliph Ma'mum, III. 461

Câlukya, I. 25, 27, 114

Calvary, I. 66

Camboja, I. 241, 276; II. 143, 159, 164, 169, 203; III. 6, 9, 46, 79, 81, 82, 100 sq., 179

Camboja school, III. 59

Campa, I. 150

lCam-sran, III. 392

Camunda, II. 278

Câṇakya, I. 18

Canda, II. 125, 278

Candels, I. 27

Candi, II. 277

Candrabhâga River, III. 452, 453

Candragarbha Sûtra, II. 58; III. 283

Candragomin, II. 95

Candraguhyatilaka, II. 128

Candragupta (I), II. 87, 88

Candragupta, Maurya, I. 18, 21, 24, 114, 127; II. 214

Candrakirti, II. 85

Candraprabha, II. 55

Candrapradîpa-sûtra, II. 55

Candravajji, I. 286

Cangalarâjâ, II. 113

Canton, I. xxvi; II. 95; III. 235, 304

Cao Tien, III. 343

Capua, II. 287

Caracalla, III. 416

Caran Das, II. 253, 262

Car festival, I. lxx; III. 208

Cariya Pitaka, I. 280, 344

Carpenter, III. 30

Carpocrates, III. 444

Cârvakas, II. 320

Carya, II. 128, 189

Caste, I. xxii, xliv, xlvi, xlvii, 34; II. 120, 175-178, 243, 254, 257, 260, 285; III. 145, 183, 420

Castes and Tribes of S. India, I. 20; II. 171, 225

Cataleptic trance, I. 306

Catalogue of Adyar Library, II. 270

Catalogue of the Buddhist Tripitaka, I. 258

Catalogues (Chinese) of Buddhist Literature, III. 287, 290, 293, 316

Catechism of Saiva religion, II. 140, 215, 218, 289

Catena of Buddhist Scriptures, II. 56

Cattle-worship, II. 159

Caturbhuja, III. 114

Caturtha, I. lxiii, 83

Causation, I. xxi, 194, 198, 212

Cave of the Seven Sleepers, III. 205

Cave temples, III. 193, 252. See also Ajanta, Ellora

Cedi, I. 27

Celebes, III. 151

Celibacy, I. 237-248; II. 256; III. 235, 430. Cf. Asceticism, Monasteries

Censors, III. 266

Census of Assam, I. xxxviii of Bengal, II. 276 of India, I. xxxviii, xl, xlvii, xci; II. 114, 147, 259, 261, 273

Central Asia, I. xxiv, xxvi, 262; II. 4, 81, 129; III. 188 sq., 215 sq., 345, 451 Asian Gupta, III. 190 India, I. 115, 116; II. 100, 108 Provinces, I. 27

Cera, I. 26

Cetanâ, I. 209

Cetanâtman, III. 175

Cetiyas, II. 171

Ceylon, I. xii, xxiii, xxiv, xlviii, l, lxxxii, xcv, 113, 248, 292, 293; II. 53, 61, 80, 87, 116, 214; III. 4 sq., 82, 83 Antiquary, III. 35

Chabbaggiyas, I. 156

Chain of causation, I. 49, 139, 144, 186, 206, 207, 212, 213, 230, 267

Chaitanya, I. xlv; II. 157

Chaitanya's Pilgrimage and teachings from the Caitanya Carit âmrita of Krishna Das, II. 253

Chaityas, III. 194, 212

Chakhar Mongols, III. 380

Chalukyas, II. 225; III. 170

Chambal river, I. 25

Champa (Annam), I. xii, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii, 16; II. 143, 159; III. 6, 9, 79, 102, 103, 123, 137-150, 340 sq.

Chams, the, III. 124, 127, 138, 150

Ch'an, I. 322; III. 269, 271, 309, 405

Chandîdâs, II. 253

Chândogya Upanishad, I. liv, lxxviii, 66, 76, 81; II. 27, 152, 156, 182, 195, 238, 239

Chandragarbha sûtra, III. 215

Chang An, III. 199, 251, 261, 263 Ch'ien, III. 197, 201, 208, 245

Chang-Ling, III. 227

Ch'ang (long), III. 296

Chang Lu, III. 227

Channa, I. 167, 175

Channabasava, II. 225

Chantaboun, III. 111

Ch'an-tsung, III. 306, 309

Chao (later), III. 249

Chao Phăya Chakkri, III. 86 Phi, III. 97

Chapata, III. 11, 57, 59, 60

Chariar, T. Râjâgôpala, II. 232, 237

Ch'a-ti-li, II. 95

Chatterji, II. 204, 224 Babu Rasik Mohan, II. 281 Bunkim Chandra, II. 287

Chatterji, J.C., II. 291

Châvâ, III. 80, 109

Chavannes, III. 193, 199, 202, 203, 206, 211, 254, 260, 273, 314, 326

Chavannes et Pelliot, II. 199; III. 216, 245, 334, 395, 446

Che-i-lun, III. 288

Chê-kiang, III. 310

Chenab, III. 453

Ch'en dynasty, III. 252, 257

Chêng-Chi, III. 206

Ch'êng Hua (Emperor), III. 360

Chêng-shih-tsung, III. 304

Ch'êng-tsu (Emperor), III. 276, 288

Ch'êng Tsung (Emperor), III. 274

Cheng-wei-shih-lun, III. 315

Chên-la, III. 101, 105

Chen Tsung (Emperor), III. 228

Chen-yen, II. 58, 87, 275; III. 316 sq., 349, 385

Chet Râmis, I. xlvi

Chê Tsung, III. 271

Chezarla, III. 194

Chi, III. 312 (dynasty), III. 252, 253, 257

Chia Ch'ing, III. 368

Chiao-ch'ên-ju, III. 185

Chiao-mên, III, 310

Ch'ia-sha (Chieh-ch'a-Kashgar), III. 200

Chidambaram, II. 171, 183, 207, 222

Chief of the World, I. 340

Chieh-ch'a, III. 201

Ch'ien Lung, III. 199, 280, 289, 368, 380

Chih-chê-ta-shih, III. 310

Chih-Chien, III. 292

Chih-I, III. 310

Chih-K'ai, III. 310

Chih-Kuan, III. 310, 312

Chih Li, III. 309 Pan, III. 287 Yüan-lu, III. 290

Child marriages, I. lxxxix

Childers, II. 10

Ch'in dynasty, III. 246

China, I. xiii, xix, xxiv, xxvi, lxxv, lxxxiii, 101, 248, 249, 252, 259, 265, 267; II. 4, 5, 19, 20; III. 3, 25, 39, 223-335

Chinese Annals, II. 64; III. 6, 82, 103, 110, 148, 179, 196, 245 Canon, I. 275; II. 47, 48, 57, 59; III. 234, 282 sq. deities, III. 225 and Sanskrit, III. 301 translations, I. 130, 133, 173, 258; II. 51, 71, 74, 89, 125 (Tantras), 259, 296; III. 218, 251-270, 274, 292 sq., 373 Tripitaka, I. 299; II. 54, 61, 71, 81, 84, 304; III. 31, 189, 218, 239, 240, 248, 253, 254, 258, 259, 261, 265, 270, 274, 276, 280, 288 sq., 306, 323, 336, 356, 372, 374

Ch'ing (dynasty), III. 8, 289

Ching (sûtras), III. 281 sq., 374

Chinggiz, III. 353

Ching-tê-ch'uan-têng-lu, III. 287, 307

Ching-ti, III. 277

Ching-tu, II. 28

Ch'ing Yüan, III. 309

Chinnamastaka, II. 277

Ch'i Sung, III. 288

Chitore, I. 120; II. 244

Chiu dynasty, III. 206 Hua, II. 25

Chlas, I. 268

Chohan dynasty, I. 29

Chola, II. 233

Cho-mukhi, I. 120

Chos-kyi-Gyal-tsan, III. 364

Chos-kyi-hod-zer, III. 356

Chos-skyon, III. 391

Chotscho, III. 200, 205, 215

Chou dynasty, III. 268, 343

Chou Ta-kuan, III. 101, 110, 114, 125 sq., 135, 179

Chowkhamba Sanskrit series, II. 249

Christ, I. 66, 143, 165, 171, 177, 178-184, 213, 214, 215, 224, 226, 228, 330; III. 216, 423, 435

Christianity, I. xiv, xlix, l, xcviii, ci, 14, 65, 204, 238; II. 107, 140, 158, 161, 180, 218, 219, 266, 275, 285; III. 193, 214 sq., 409 sq.

Christian mystics, I. 306 sq.

Chronology, I. 46, 50; II. 63 sq.; III. 353

Chu, III. 245

Chua, III. 342

Chuang (Emperor), III. 343

Chuang Tsu, III. 246, 247, 248, 305

Chü-ch'ü, III. 206

Chu Fa Tan, III. 244

Chu Hsi, III. 272 sq., 275, 288, 337, 338, 421

Ch'u Ku, III. 125

Chulalongkorn (king), III. 88

Chung (medium), III. 296

Churels, II. 276

Chü Shé, III. 213

Chü-shé-tsung, III. 314

Chutiyas, II. 279

Ch'u-yao-ching, III. 296

Chu-ying, III. 248

cit, II. 316

citralakshana, III. 373, 375

Citrasena, III. 101, 105, 109

citta, I. 210, 303; II. 43; III. 181

Civappa, II. 141

Clemens of Alexandria, II. 159

Clementi, III. 240

Cloud of Unknowing, I. 307

Cochin Tribes and Castes, II. 171, 191

Coedès, I. xii; III. 83, 109, 115, 121, 122, 134

Colas, I. 26, 27, 114; II. 100, 214; III. 34, 44

Commentaries, II. 310 sq. (Indian); III. 29 sq. (Buddhaghosa), 45 (Dharmapâla), 272 (Chu Hsi)

Commentary on Dhammapada, II. 73 on Tattva-sangraha, III. 23

Communion, III. 422. See also prasâd

Compagno, III. 434

Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian languages, II. 219

Compendium of Philosophy, I. 189

Confession, II. 443. Cf. pâtimokkha

Confraternities, I. 95, 237. See Sangha and Monasteries

Confucius, I. xix, xxii, lxxxiii, 12, 13, 177, 217, 341; III. 4, 9, 216, 224, 226 sq., 241, 248, 252 sq., 258, 270, 275 sq., 337 sq.

Conjevaram, I. xxv, 26, 114; II. 95, 101, 233, 237; III. 6, 45, 51

Conquests of the Dhamma, I. 16

Consciousness, I. lxiii, lxxviii, 209, 210, 230

Constantine, I. 273; II. 77 Phaulcon, III. 86

Contemplative school, III. 258, 287, 305 sq.

(De) Contemptu Mundi, I. 202

Conventions (art), I. 120

Convents. See Monasteries, Nuns

Coomaraswamy, II. 244; III. 39

Cooper-Irving, S., I. lviii

Copleston, III. 265

Copper-plate inscriptions, III. 157

Cordier, III. 373, 376

Cosmas Indicopleustes, III. 414, 416

Cosmogonies, I. lxviii, 43, 46, 332, 335; III. 171, 272

Cotta, III. 26

Councils (Buddhist), I. 254 sq., 290; II. 78 sq., 224; III. 15, 19, 32, 65, 86 (Siam), 213 (Kanishka)

Courant, III. 290, 336

Cowell and Neil, II. 59; III. 395

Cranganore, I. 26; III. 415

Crashaw, II. 162

Creation, I. lxxxi, 67; II. 298 sq., 313

Crete, III. 435

Crooke, I. 103, 104, 145, 147; II. 277

Crucifixion, the, III. 427

Crypto Buddhists, II. 73, 115, 211, 315; III. 421

Ctesiphon, III. 416

Cûlaganthipada, III. 64

Cûlavaṃsa, III. 21

Cullavagga, I. 131, 156, 255, 257, 258, 277, 288, 290; II. 49

Cunda, I. 164

Cunningham, Sir. A., I. 143

Curzon, Lord, III. 66

Cutch, II. 251

Cuttack, II. 114

Cybele, I. 62; II. 275

Cyrene, I. 268; III. 430

Cyril of Jerusalem, III. 446

Dabistan, II. 321

Da Cunha, III. 25

Dâdu, II. 263, 266

Dâdupanthis, II. 266

Dagoba, II. 172; III. 72, 74 sq., 150, 166

Daha, III. 159

Dai-cô-viêt, III. 140, 340

Dai-jo, II. 3

Dai-Nippon Zoku Zōkyō, III. 291

Daityas, II. 321

Ḋâkînîs, II. 286

Daksha, II. 142, 193, 203, 286; III. 391

Dakshinâcârins, II. 283

Daladapujavali, III. 25

Dalai Lāma, III. 279, 280, 362

Dâmaras, II. 282

Dambal, II. 109

Damdama, II. 271

dânam, II. 10; III. 173, 304

Dances of the Red Tiger Devil, III. 393

Danta, III. 26

Dântepura, III. 25

Darawati, III. 141

Darbhanga, Maharaja of, I. xlvii

Darius (king), III. 450

Darjiling, III. 399

darśana, II. 291; III. 120

darśana-varanîya. I. 107

Das, Sarat Chandra, II. 129; III. 347, 352, 353, 358, 374, 387

Daśabhûmika, II. 59

Daśabhûmîśvara, II. 55

Dasaka, I. 256, 257

Dasakutas, II. 241

Dasama, I. 150

Daśama Pâdshâh ka Granth, II. 271

Daśanâmís, II. 209

Daśaratha (king), II. 149

Daśaśloki, II. 230

Dasa Srîmalis, II. 177

Das (Chaṇḍî), II. 244

Das (Sur), II. 245

dâsya, II. 255

Dasyus, I. 59

Dathavaṃsa, III. 25

Datia, I. 121

Daulatabad, I. 29, 30

Davis, III. 371

Dead, spirits of, I. 339; III. 116. See also Ancestor-worship

Death's messengers, I. 338

Debrâja, III. 371

Deb (Sankar), II. 244

Decalogue, I. 213, 215, 250

Deccan, I. 19, 25, 27, 115; II. 92, 98, 100, 108, 113, 164; III. 107. See also Southern India

Deceiver, the, II. 184. See also Mâra

Deer Park, I. 140, 141, 143

De Groot, III. 279, 314, 319, 322, 329, 333, 350

De Groot and Parker, III. 233

bDe-hbyun, III. 386

Deification of man, I. 48; II. 147, 150, 157, 170, 184, 196, 251, 255; III. 115, 119, 168, 218, 224

Deism, I. xlvi

Deities, invention of, III. 228

Delhi, I. 20, 28, 29, 89; II. 272

Demetrius, I. 22

Demiurgus, III. 444

Demonophobia, III. 382

De profundis, II. 236

Depung, III. 364, 399

Derje (Bers), III. 381

Dervishes (howling), II. 284

Desi, the, III. 366

Deus, I. 63

Deussen, I. lv, 86; II. 187, 306, 309

Deva, I. 47, 48, 63, 103, 330, 340; II. 73, 86; III. 81, 304

Devabhaga, I. 88

Devadatta, I. 133, 156, 157, 158, 181, 240, 320, 342; II. 93

Devadutavagga, I. 134

Devakî, II. 152 sq.; III. 423

Devakula, III. 149

Devanâgari, II. 269; III. 301

Devanâmpiya Tissa, III. 13, 16, 17

Devapâla, III. 111

Devarâjâ, III. 117

Devaram, II. 191, 215, 219, 220, 244

Devâtideva, I. 340

Deva-worship, II. 100; III. 104, 182

Devayâma, I. 88

Devi, II. 274; III. 172, 173, 392, 459

Devil, I. lxxix, 143, 337

Devil dancers, I. xli; III. 42, 393

Devi Mâhâtmya, II. 279

Devotion, I. xvii, xxix; II. 72. See Amidism, bhakti, Salvation

Dewa, III. 185

Dhalla, II. 275

Dhâmis, II. 266

Dhamma, I. xxiii, 16, 135, 192, 211, 256, 258, 266, 267; II. 34

Dhamma-cakhu, I. 320

Dhammacakka, III. 26

Dhammaceti, III. 58

Dhammachando, I. 216

Dhammaguttikas, I. 298

Dhammakathi, III. 29, 31

Dhammakitti, III. 21, 25

Dhamma-mahâmâtâ, I. 268

Dhammapada, I. 117, 139, 205, 279, 296; II. 181; III. 246, 295, 296, 299, 372

Dhammaruci, III. 19, 21, 40

Dhammasangaṇi, I. 188, 192, 209, 225, 314; III. 30

Dhammasenapati, III. 56

Dhammathat, III. 58, 66

Dhammavilâsa, III. 66

Dhammavitasa, III. 58

Dhammayut, III. 91, 131

Dhammika (king), III. 36

Dhaniya, I. 288

Dhânyakaṭaka, III. 386

Dhâraṇâ, I. 307

dhâraṇis, I. 258, 332; II. 50, 51, 125; III. 215, 293, 385, 395

Dharma, I. 49, 106, 192; II. 59, 115, 119, 200; III. 114, 149

Dharma-cakra-mudra, II. 20

Dharmadhâtu, II. 34, 43; III. 262, 317

Dharmagîtâ, II. 115

Dharmagupta, I. 291; III. 204, 249, 285, 295

Dharma-gupta vinaya, III. 316

Dharmaka, III. 379

Dharmakâla, III. 249

Dharmâkara, II. 29

Dharmakâya, II. 30, 32, 33-42, 55, 73; III. 216, 305, 388

Dharmakirti, II. 95

Dharmalakshana, III. 315

Dharmamegha, I. 307; II. 11

Dharmapada, III. 190, 191, 214, 286, 299

Dharmapâla, I. 27; II. 111, 129; III. 45, 157, 352, 391

Dharmaparyâya, II. 56

Dharma Râjâ, II. 116; III. 6, 371, 459

Dharmaraksha, II. 32; III. 292, 294, 295

Dharma-sangraha, II. 17, 23, 86

Dharmaśâstras, III. 66, 96, 120, 142

Dharmâsokarâja, III. 84

dharmatah, II. 193

Dharma Thakur, I. 116

Dharmatrâta, II. 86; III. 295

Dharmayâna, III. 83

Dharm Das, II. 265

Dhâtu, I. 225

Dhatu Senu, III. 32

Dhatuvansaya, III. 25

Dhâtvisvari, III. 173

Dhingkota, III. 219

Dhṛitaka, III. 307

Dhṛitarashtrâ (sons of), II. 154

Dhundias, I. 116

Dhûtângas, I. 73, 240, 257

Dhyâna, I. 307; II. 79, 116; III. 131, 173, 304, 313, 405. See Jhâna and Meditation

Dhyâni Buddhas, II. 26, 115, 118; III. 165, 389, 391

Dialogues of the Buddha, I. 97, 104, 161; II. 320

Diamond-cutter, the, I. 130; II. 5, 41, 50, 52, 60; III. 283, 305

dibba-cakkhu, I. 320

dibya-carita, II. 233

Dieng (Dihyang), III. 154, 165, 167, 179

Digambara, I. 99, 112, 117, 119, 120

Dîgha Nikâya, I. 98, 131, 142, 186, 278, 289, 295, 344; II. 137, 153; III. 30, 42, 65, 102, 232, 297, 450

Dignâga, III. 157, 172

Diguet, III. 342

Dikung, III. 357

Dikungpa, III. 399

Dinh, III. 343

Dinh Tien Hoang Dê, III. 344

Din-i-ilahi, II. 270

Dinnaga, II. 94, 95

Dion Cassius, III. 431

Dionysius, III. 422

Dionysus (Krishṇa), II. 137, 193

Dioscuri, I. 63

Dîpaṇkara (Buddha), I. 343; III. 246

Dîpankara Srijñâna, III. 353

Dîpavaṃsa, I. 255 sq., 262, 269; III. 13 sq., 50, 61, 306, 333

Dîrgha, III. 296

Discovery of living Buddhism in Bengal, II. 113

Divakara, III. 113

Divakarapandita, III. 119

Divarûpa, III. 173, 181

Divination, I. 103

Divyâvadâna, I. 299; II. 22, 58, 168; III. 166, 395, 439

Djajabaja, III. 158, 171, 179

Djajakatong, III. 159

mDo, III. 374, 375

Doko, III. 291

Dolgorouki, I. 341

Dom Constantino de Braganza, III. 26

Dona, I. 169

Dong Duong, III. 144, 149

Don Juan Dharmapala, king, III. 26

Doré, I. 341; II. 18; III. 307, 309, 314, 315, 317, 327

Dorje, III. 172

Dorje-dag, III. 398

rDo-rJe-gCod-pa, III. 374

rDor-je-legs, III. 393

Doshabhogya, II. 236

Douie, II. 273

Dpal-brTsegs, III. 379

Dramida, II. 233

Dravida, II. 100

Dravidians, I. xli, xv, xxxiii, 19, 118; II. 86, 141, 182, 195, 211, 220, 279; III. 107, 132, 417 sq. See also Tamils

Dṛishtiguru, II. 13

Droṇa Purâna, II. 194

Druids, I. iv; III. 429

Dualism, I. xliv, lxxx; II. 230, 237, 316, 318; III. 449

Du Bose, III. 330

Dugpa, III. 371, 399

dukkha, I. 44, 200, 203, 219

dukkhakkhanda, I. 205

Dulva, III. 373

Dumoutier (Les Cultes Annamites), III. 342

Dundhâbhinossa, I. 269

Dundhubhissara, I. 269

Duperron (Anquetil), II. 270

Duration of the Law, the, II. 61

Durbhanga, II. 253

Durga, I. xv, 63; II. 118, 122, 126, 146, 228, 274 sq.; III. 167, 169, 185

Durgapuja, I. lxx; II. 286

durjaya, II. 11

Duroiselle, III. 49

Dusit, III. 94

Dutch (the), III. 34

Dutreuil du Rhins Mission, III. 190, 296

Duṭṭhagâmani, III. 15, 17

Dvâdasanikâyaśâstra, III. 304

Dvaita, II. 237, 318

dvaitâdvaitamata, II. 230, 318

Dvâpara age, III. 144

Dvârakâ, II. 153 sq.

Dvâravatî, II. 153; III. 85

Dvita, III. 425

Dwarf incarnation, II. 147

Dyans, I. 63

Dynasties of the Kali Age, I. 15; II. 187

Dzungaria, III. 370

Early History of India, I. 15; II. 76, 87, 187

Earth (goddess), II. 275, 285

Earthquake, I. 164, 168, 175; III. 440

East Bengal, II. 101, 102; III. 457

Easter Island, III. 151

Eastern Ganga dynasty, I. 30 Han dynasty, II. 27 Monachism, I. 315 Tsin dynasty, III. 251

Ecbatana, III. 445

Ecclesiastes, I. 94, 132, 203

Edessa, III. 414

Edicts of Asoka, I. xxiii, 113, 264, 265, 270; III. 430

Edkins, III. 54, 303, 309, 311

Edmunds and Anesaki, III. 437

Education (Brahmans), I. 89; Buddhist, III. 70

Ego, I. 230. See Atman

Egypt (Egyptians), I. lv, 218, 268; II. 174, 275; III. 430, 432, 450 sq., 457

Eighteen Lohans, the, III, 239

Eight-fold path, I. 144, 200, 213, 214, 261

Eight Terrible ones, the, III. 392

Eitel, II. 88; III. 264, 330

Ekâkshapingalâ, III. 145

Ekaṃsika, III. 62

Ekanâtha, II. 152

Ekântikadharma, II. 195

ekârtha, II. 43

Ekata, III. 425

ekâtmapratyayasâra, I. 83

ekâyma, II. 195

Ekottara Agama, I. 300; II. 48; III. 190, 296, 297

Elâra, III. 15, 17

Elements of Hindu Iconography, II. 190

Elephanta, II. 165

Elias (Prophet), I. 63

Elichpur, I. 29

Eliot, II. 259

Elixir of Immortality, III. 263, 268

Ellora, I. xlii, 28; II. 206, 223; III. 178

Emanations, II. 196

Emotional theism, I. xxxiv, xli, c. See also Bhagavâd Gîta, Chaitanya, Krishna, Rama, Vallabha

Empedocles, I. xix

Emperor (Chinese, functions of), III. 234 sq.

Endere, III. 210

Enlightenment, the, I. 136, 164, 165, 176

En sof, III. 462

Εωσ, I. 63

Ephthalites. See Huns

Epics (Indian), I. lxxiv, 53. See Mahâ Bhârata and Ramâyana

Epigraphia Indica, III. 298

Epigraphia Zeylanica, III. 39, 41

Epirus, I. 268; III. 430

Epistles of St. Paul, I. lxxiv

Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, II. 18

Eran, II. 206

Erlangga, III. 171, 179

εροσ, I. 184; II. 253

Eroticism. See Sakti worship

Essai de Bibliographie Jaina, I. 105

Essays on the language, literature and religion of Nepal and Tibet, II. 116

Essays on the Religion of the Hindus, II. 262

Essenes, III. 434, 436

Ettinghausen, II. 97; III. 40

Euhemerism, III. 224

Eukratides, I. 22

European culture, I. xii, xlvi, lviii, lxi, lxiii, lxv sq., lxxvii, lxxix, xcvi sq.; III. 428 sq.

Euthydemus, I. 22

Everest (Mt.), III. 398

Evil, I. lxxix. See Mâra

Evolution of Man, I. 336

Exposure of dead, III. 450

Eye of Truth, the, I. 185, 186

Fa-chen, III. 291

Fa-chi-yao-sung-chung, III. 296

Fa-chü-ching, III. 295

Fa-chü-pi-yü-ching, III. 295

Fa Hsiang-tsung, III. 314

Fa Hsien, I. 157, 258, 259, 293, 342; II. 15, 19, 22, 56, 65, 76, 92 sq., 125, 158; III. 17, 20, 24, 25, 29, 31, 44, 153, 155, 176, 191, 201, 208, 213, 239, 253, 297, 298, 303, 307

Fa-hua, III. 310

Fa-Lin, III. 259

Faljur, II. 286

Fall of Man, I. lxxx

Fa-men, III. 265, 268

Fan-Chan (king), III. 105

Fan Chieh, III. 300

Fan-hu-ta, III. 139

Fan-i-ming-i-chi, III. 287

Fanwang-ching, III. 284, 322, 324, 328, 332

Fan-yi (king), III. 139

Faridu-'d-Din Attar, III. 461

Farquhar, II. 242

Farukhsiyar (Emperor), II. 271

Farvadin Yasht, III. 450

Fa-Shên, II. 33; III. 305

Fatalism, I. lxxvii, 99, 212

Fa-tsang, III. 315

Fa-yen, III. 319

Fa-yüan-chu-lin, III. 287

Feer, III. 373

Female Gurus, II. 185

Fengshri, II. 282; III. 231 sq., 239, 325

Fenollosa, II. 18; III. 261

Ferghana, I. 28; III. 199, 263

Fergusson, III. 18, 74, 168, 194

Fernando, I. 293

Festivals (Siam), III. 92, 332

Ficus Religiosa, I. 142

Fifth Buddhist Council, III. 65

Fihrist (the), III. 460, 461

Filchner, III. 358, 400

Filial Piety (Book of), III. 274

Fine Art in India, II. 159

Finot, J.A., I. xxv; II. 57, 100; III. 51, 53, 82, 102, 109, 124, 126, 135, 137, 138, 139, 143

Finot and Hüber, III. 373

Fins (Finland), II. 9, 20, 67

Fire, I. 90, 100, 220, 231, 232; III. 202 sermon, I. 146

Fish Incarnation, II. 147

Five Kings, III. 393

Five Monks, I. 171

Fleet, I. 24; II. 202; III. 19, 21

Fo (Buddha), III. 240

Folklore, I. liv, 101. See Animism element in Hindu culture, II. 32, 111, 114, 116; III. 441

Foo-chow, III. 25

Forchhammer, III. 45, 51, 66, 67, 74

Formless worlds, I. 3, 6

Formosa, III. 151

Formulæ. See Dhyânis, Magic, Mantras, Tantras

Fortune, III. 27

Fo-shih, III. 162

Fo-t'o, III. 244

Fo-ton-t'ung-chi, III. 287, 307

Fo-t'u-ch'êng, III. 250

Foucher, I. 173; II. 15, 31, 76, 83, 122; III. 74, 219, 394

Foulkes, II. 140, 215, 219

Four Garrisons, the, III. 198, 205, 209

Four Great Kings, the, I. 102; III. 239, 265, 326

Four Truths, the, I. 49, 200, 211, 261

Fournereau, III. 80, 83, 85

Franke, I. 24, 254, 278, 282; III. 14, 201, 238, 246, 320, 335, 348, 380, 381, 396

Frankfürter, III. 95

Fravashis, II. 198; III. 221, 451

Frazer, Sir. J.G., II. 285, 289

Freewill, I. lxxvii

French (the), I. 31; III. 112, 129, 236

Frescoes, III. 54, 89, 130, 193, 194, 195, 213. See Ajanta

Friar Gabriel, III. 150

Fu-chien, III. 203, 250

Fu-do, III. 392

Fu-fa-tsang-yin-yüan-ching, III. 306

Fu I, III. 259

Fujiwara period, III. 404

Fu-kien, III. 163, 269

Funan, III. 7, 101, 103, 104, 139, 148

Funeral rites, III. 333

Gabled Hall, the, I. 150

Gadadhar Singh, II. 260

Gadaveri River, I. 263

Gaggara Lake, I. 150

Gaharwar dynasty, I. 27

Gaing-Ok, III. 72

Galilee, I. 181

Gandak River, I. 132

Gandan, III. 359, 399

Gaṇḍavyûha, II. 54; III. 283

Gandhabbas, I. 102

Gandhakuti, I. 150

Gândhâra, I. xxx, xlix, 20, 87, 263, 282, 330; II. 16, 22, 53, 59, 70, 81, 83, 90, 93, 96, 100, 159, 172; III. 7, 195, 210, 211, 213, 219, 391, 449

Gandhârî, III. 394

Ganeṣa, I. 58; II. 118, 144, 222, 253; III. 97, 148, 167, 169, 186, 355, 383

Ganga, I. 121

Ganga Râjâ, III. 139

Ganges, I. 135, 163; II. 145

Ganthâkara Vihâra, III. 29

Gantho, II. 79

Gaotema, III. 218

Garbe, II. 200, 296, 299, 303; III. 411 sq.

Garbhadhâtu, III. 317

Garbha Upanishad, III. 175

Gargi, I. 74, 84, 94

Garlog, III. 352

Garnier, III. 111

Garuda, II. 228; III. 147, 182, 186, 452

Gathas, I. 19, 51, 282

Gauḍapâda, I. cii; II. 74, 208, 316

Gaudapalin, III. 56

Gauramukha, III. 452

Gauri, II. 97

Gautamîya Tantra, II. 190

Gawilgarh, I. 121

Gaya, I. 24, 120; II. 101, 105, 125; III. 28, 453

Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency, II. 225 of Burma, III. 48 of India, II. 233

Geden-dub, III. 359, 360

Geiger, I. 259; III, 12, 14, 19, 21, 29, 31

Gelugpa, III. 358, 364, 397 sq.

Generative forces, worship, I. lxxxvi. See Saktism

Genesis, I. lxxiv; III. 424

Geography, I. 335. See also Cosmogonies

Geomancy (Fêng-shin), III. 322

Gerini, III. 79, 95, 96

Getty, II. 26; III. 389

Ghanta, III. 172

Ghata Jâtaka, II. 153

Ghats (western), I. 31

Ghazi Miyan, III. 459

Ghazna, III. 461

Ghazni, I. 16

Ghor, I. 28

Ghora, II. 152

Ghost-worship, I. 10; III. 68, 331

Ghotamukha, I. 150

Giao-Chi, III. 340

Gifford Lectures, I. lxvii, ciii

Giles's Chinese Dict., III. 209, 223, 246, 259, 260, 266, 267

Gîlgit, II. 93; III. 377

Giribbaja, I. 147

Girnar, I. 114, 121; II. 69, 203; III. 167

Gîtâ Govinda, II. 157, 161, 219, 230, 242, 248

Gitâvali, II. 245

Glaihomor, II. 159

Gleanings from the Bhaktamala, II. 191, 245

Gnosticism, I. xii; III. 443 sq.

Goa, I. 31; III. 26, 417

Gobind Raut, II. 147

Goburdhan, II. 159

God, I. 8, 47, 340; II. 73, 155; III. 224

God, the Invisible King, I. ciii

Godan, III. 354

Godavery River, I. 27

Goddess-worship, I. lxxxvi; II. 127, 145, 189, 275 sq.; III. 39, 343, 390, 393

Godhika, I. 197, 205

Gods of Northern Buddhism, II. 26

Goethe, I. lv

Gokul (shrine), I. lxxxvii

Gokul, II. 251, 290

Gokula, II. 154

Gokul Gosainji, II. 251

Gokulnathji, II. 251

Golden Bough, the, II. 285

Golden Temple, II. 268

Golkonda, I. 29

Gomateśvara, I. 120

Gondophores, I. 23; III. 415

Gonds, I. 27

Gopî, II. 154, 161, 229

Gopi Nath, II. 147

Gopurams, II. 207; III. 132

Gorakhpur, II. 263

Gor Baba, II. 145

Gordian, III. 447

Goreśvara, II, 145

Gosain, II. 184, 255

Gosâla, I. 105, 112

Gosirsha, Mt., III. 212

Gospels, I. lxxiv, 180, 183; III. 440 sq.

Gośringa, Mt., III. 209, 212, 215

Gosvami, II. 185, 251

Gotama (the Buddha), I. xix, xx, xxvii, xxix, 119, 120, 123, 129-252; II. 39, 130; III. 13, 71, 177. See Buddha, the

Gothâbhaya (king), III. 21, 40

Gotiputta, I. 269

Gotra, I. 107

Govardhana, Mt., III. 147

Goveiya, II. 147

Govinda, II. 208, 232

Govindacaryasvâmi, II. 188

Govindapur, III. 453

Govind Singh Guru, II. 268 sq.

Graeco-Bactrians, II. 20

Graeco-Buddhist sculpture, II. 172

Grand Lāma, I. xxvii; III. 135, 358 sq. (list on p. 361)

Granth, I. lxxii; II. 243 sq., 262, 268

Grantha, II. 79

Great Epic of India, II. 169

Great Hero, the, III. 326

Great King of Glory, the, I. 172

Great Mother, I. 63

Great Satrapy, I. 23

Greece (Greeks), I. xix, xxxi, xli, 19, 22, 65, 171; II. 70, 139; III. 8, 191, 415

Green Târâ, the, III. 394

Grenard, III. 200

Grey Clergy, the, III. 277

Grierson, I. xc, 282; II. 187, 191, 230, 237, 242, 244, 248, 253, 269; III. 31, 298, 421, 458

Grihastha, I. 89

Grihya Sûtras, I. 101; III. 94

Groeneveldt, III. 153 sq.

Growse, I. xc; II. 246 sq.

Grünwedel, II. 20, 29, 84, 86, 87, 88, 126, 129, 143; III. 14, 62, 89, 194, 195, 196, 219, 329, 349, 361, 380, 382, 385, 387, 389, 391

Gûḍha Vinaya, III. 40

Guerinot, I. 105, 113, 114, 115

Guhasiva, king, III. 26

Guhyasamâja, II. 128

Gujarat, I. 19, 29, 114, 117, 118, 120, 121; II. 105, 108, 109, 113, 128, 154, 242, 248, 252, 276; III. 7, 155, 177, 453, 455, 461

Gujars (Gurjars), I. 25

guṇa, I. 218, 304; II. 165, 196, 283, 298

Guṇabhadra, I. 114, 293; III. 297

Guṇa-kâranda-vyûha, II. 57; III. 395

Guṇamati, II. 94

Gunavarman, III. 156, 176, 177

Gundaphar, king, III. 414

Gunning, III. 171

Guptas (dynasty), I. xxxiii, 19, 24; II. 54, 65, 69, 87, 187, 206

Gurbhârjus, II. 119

Gurkhas, II. 117; III. 368, 397

Gurmukhi, II. 269

Guru, I. 226; II. 184, 267, 268; III. 91, 118, 146, 167, 169, 459

Guru-paramparâ-prabhâvam, II. 232

Gushi Khan, III. 304

Guyuk, III. 354

Gwalior, I. 31; III. 453

Gyālpo, III. 365

rGyud, III. 375, 376

Hachiman, II. 25

Hackin, I. 173

Hackmann, III. 303, 324, 329, 330

Hafiz, III. 461

Haklena, III. 307

Halebid, I. 30, 115

Halima, III. 277, 359

Hami, III. 200

Hampi, I. 30

Hamsavatî, III. 52, 58, 80

Han dynasty, III. 197, 203, 205, 208, 213, 244, 248

Hang Chou, III. 271, 280

Han-mo, III. 209

Hanuman, II. 149, 253; III. 152

Hanumat, II. 239

Han-Yu, III. 263, 266, 267, 288, 329

Haoma. See Soma

Happiness, I. lxxvi, 136, 214, 225

Happy Land Sûtra, III. 218

Hara, II. 145; III. 114

Hardoon, Mrs., III. 291

Hardy, I. 173, 314; II. 170; III. 39

Har Govind, II. 268

Hari, II. 115, 162, 200, 255, 257, 264, 268; III. 183, 425

Haridas, II. 254

Harihara, I. 30; II. 164; III. 106, 107, 114, 145, 181

Hariharâlaya, III. 119

Harirayaji, II. 250

Hariti, II. 17

Harivaṃsa, II. 158, 164, 230, 251, 279; III. 114, 424

Harivarman, king, III. 141, 143, 304

Harivarmeśvara, III. 146

Harkisan Guru, II. 268

Har-rai Guru, II. 268

Harrison, Miss J.E., III. 434

Harsha (Emperor), I. xxxix, 19, 25, 114; II. 77, 97 sq., 108, 127, 206; III. 40, 44, 148, 260, 348, 454

Harshacarita, I. 15; II. 97

Hartmann, I. 211

Haṭhayoga, I. 304

Hathi Singh, I. 119

Haug, I. 69

Havret, III. 217

Hayagrîva, III. 169, 389, 392

Hazrat Môin-ud-Din Chisti, III. 459

Heart of Jainism, I. 105

Heaven and Earth Association, III. 319

Heavens. See Tusita and Paradise

Hegesandros, III. 432

Hei-an period, III. 403

Heliodorus, II. 197

Hellenistic kingdoms, I. xxx, 22. See Greece

Hells, I. 337; II. 24; III. 343

von Helmont, I. lv

Helmund river, III. 3

Hemacandra, I. 117; III. 181 Abhidhânacintâmani, II. 153

Hemâdri, III. 423

Hemavatikas, I. 259

Hephthalites. See Huns

Herakles (Siva), II. 137, 159

Herat, III. 427

Herder, I. lv.

Hermetic Literature, III. 432 sq.

Herodotus, III. 434

Heruka, II. 129; III. 150

hetu (cause), I. 207

Hevajra, II. 140; III. 391

Hevajravaśitâ, III. 355

Hideyoshi, III. 85, 339, 404

Hieizan, I. lxxxii; III. 404

Himalayas, I. 25, 103. See Nepal, Tibet

Himis, III. 351, 397

Hînayâna, I. xxiv, xxx, xxxii, lxxv, 260, 333; II. 11, 80, 82, 101; III. 52, 60, 82, 98, 112, 126, 150, 162, 177, 201, 202, 205, 213, 311, 320, 323, 371, 404. See Pali Canon Sûtras, III. 282 Vinaya, III. 285

Hindi, II. 188, 256, 269

Hindu Castes and Sects, II. 163, 173, 177, 209, 210, 244, 261

Hindu Iconography, I. xxxv, 58; II. 110, 165, 202; III. 382

Hinduism (Indian religion: social order), I. xi-civ passim, 5, 13, 17, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 48, 49, 64, 67, 127, 129; II. 107-322; III. 5, 95, 103, 105, 112 sq., 145 sq., 150 sq., 188 sq., 342, 382 sq., 411, 417 sq., 430, 447, 452, 457 sq.

Hindu Kush, III. 6

Hindustan, II. 92

Hiranyadâma, III. 117

Hiraṇyagarbha, II. 165, 202

Hirth, III. 235

Histoire de la Bienheureuse Marguérite Marie, II. 161

Histoire de la Littérature Hindoue, II. 262

Histoire des Croyances Religieuses en Chine, II. 284, 320

Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon, III. 35

History of the Bengali Language and Literature, II. 114, 187, 213, 245, 279 of Fine Art, II. 172 of Indian Architecture, III. 18, 168 of Indian Buddhism, II. 63 of Indian Shipping, III. 102 of Manikka-Vacagar, II. 183 of Nepal, II. 116 of Sect of the Maharâjâs, II. 250

Hodgson, B.H., II. 50, 116, 117 Shadworth, II. 39

Hoernle, I. 99, 105; II. 56; III. 191, 348

Hoernle and Barnett, I. 116

Hōjō Regents, the, III. 405

Holy Lives of the Azhvars, I. 40

Home of Pali, I. 282

Ho-nan, III. 193, 254

Hopkins, II. 157, 169

Horapathaka, II. 59

Hor-gyi-skad-du, III. 377

Horiuji palm-leaf manuscript, III. 394

Hormizd, III. 446

Hormuzd, III. 215

Horse sacrifice, I. xxxviii, 68; III. 145

Horus, III. 431

Hose and McDougall, III. 163

Ho-Shang (monk), II. 241, 330, 351

Hospitals, I. 115; III. 124

Hossho, III. 404

Hotri (priests), I. 52, 69, 100; III. 118

Hou-Ching, III. 254, 256, 257

Hou-Han-Shu, III. 248

Hou-Liang, III. 206

Hoysalas, I. 30, 114

hphrul, III. 383

Hridaya, III. 376

Hṛishikeṣa, III. 426

Hsia, III. 269

Hsian Chou, III. 315

Hsiang-Chih, II. 95; III. 255

Hsiao-Cheng, II. 3

Hsiao-Chih Kuan, III. 312

Hsiao Tsung, III. 278 Wu, III. 289 Wu Ti, III. 251 Yü, III. 259

Hsien Shên, III. 209 Tsung, III. 265, 278

Hsin-byu-shin, II. 7; III. 63

Hsing-An, III. 277

Hsin-yin, III. 306

Hsiung-nu, III. 197

Hsi-Yu-Chi, III. 225

Hsi-yu-ki, III. 225

Hsüan Chuang, I. xxxix, 25, 258, 275, 332; II. 3, 5, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 33, 51, 61, 65, 72, 74, 77 sq., 125, 126, 127, 158, 206, 244, 280, 286; III. 16, 20, 24, 44, 53, 148, 190, 193, 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 239, 260, 293, 299, 300, 313, 453

Hsuan-Fo-pu, III. 314

Hsuan Ti, III. 153

Hsüan Tsung, III. 199, 261, 262, 268, 289

Hsu-Kuang-Ch'i, III. 279

Hsung-nu, III. 245

hti, III. 72

Hu, III. 104, 217, 254

Hua-fo, III. 446

Hua-Hu Ching, III. 273

Huai, III. 260, 261

Huan, Emperor, III. 248

Huang-wang, III. 140

Hua-yên, II. 54, 60; III. 282, 283, 287, 311 (sûtra), 374

Hua-yen-Ching, III. 315

Hua-yen-tsung, III. 315

Huc, III. 358

Hué, I. xxvii

Hugli, I. 25

Hu-hua-ching, III. 216

Hui-k'o, III. 308

Hui Kuo, III. 317

Huinêng, III. 287, 308

Hui-shêng, II. 96; III. 254

Hui Tsung, III. 273

Hui Yuan, III. 313

Hultzsch, II. 278; III. 431

Hulugu Khan, III. 349

Human sacrifice, I. xxxvi, 68; II. 168, 174, 193, 276, 288, 289

Hume, I. lv

Humour (Buddha's), I. 172

Hunan, III. 253

Hundred Thousand Nâgas, III. 381

Hundred Thousand Songs, III. 399

Hungarian affinities, I. 20

Hungjen, III. 308

Hung Wu, III. 289

Hun-Hui (Hun T'ien), III. 104, 107, 139

Huns (Ephthalites, Hephthalites), I. xxxix, xli, 16, 19, 25; II. 54, 65, 95, 119; III. 192, 198, 201, 209, 212

Huo-chou (Kara-Khojo), III. 207

Huth, II. 16, 32; III. 358, 361, 373, 380

Huvishka, I. 24, 113; II. 64

Huxley, T.H., I. lv, xciv, cii

Hwa-Shang-Zat-mo, III. 351

Hyderabad, I. 22, 266

hymns, II. 104. See Arvars, gathas

hypnotization, I. 319. See also Meditation, Yoga

Ibsen, I. lv

I-Ching, I. 260; II. 3, 5, 18, 20, 22, 65, 82, 85, 90 sq., 125, 207; III. 7, 20, 53, 62, 82, 85, 106, 108, 148, 162, 166, 176, 177, 239, 285, 292, 299, 305, 322, 329, 330

Iconographie bouddhique, II. 15, 31, 122

Iddhi, I. 317; III. 247

identification (union), II. 122

Idiqutshähri, III. 195, 200

Idolatry. See Images

Igatpuri, II. 203

Ignorance, I. lxxx, 186, 207, 211

I-Hsüan, III. 309

Ikhtiyar-ud-din Muhammad, II. 112

Ikken, II. 226

Ili river, I. 23

Illusion (see Maya), I. xliii, 45; II. 40, 264

'Ilm, III. 182

Images, I. lxx, 119, 120, 121, 139, 171; II. 6, 17, 104, 105, 260; III. 39, 50, 53, 71, 74, 83, 89, 115, 130, 165, 219, 326 sq., 385, 389, 450 sq. See also Art

(de) Imitatione Christi, II. 9

Immortality, I. li, lv, 66

Incarnations (also avatâras), I. xv, 11, 39, 343; II. 147, 170, 218, 235, 239, 243, 251, 261; III. 359 sq., 365, 383

India, Old and New, II. 157

Indian Buddhism, II. 90 sq. literature, I. xiii, xiv, xvi, xix, lxxii sq., 15, 50, 130, 329; II. 136-322 passim

Indische Religionsgeschichte, II. 170

Indische Studien, I. 116

Indore, I. 31

Indra, I. 59, 63, 333; II. 23, 99, 137, 158, 181, 270; III. 43, 109, 129, 175, 186, 215, 228, 391

Indrabhadreśvara, III. 146

Indragiri, III. 161

Indrapura, III. 137, 144

Indravarman, king, III. 110, 119, 141, 144, 149

Indra Vishnu, I. 57

Indriya, III. 175

Infanticide, II. 269

Inquisition, I. xcii; III. 417

Inscriptions, I. xii, xxiii, xxviii, xxix, 16, 27, 99, 103, 113, 114, 263 sq.; II. 69, 113, 214, 225; III. 34, 40, 43, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 63, 67, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 135, 138, 450

Inscriptions Sanscrites de Camboge, II. 169

International Congress of Religions, II. 148

Introduction to Mysticism, I. 136 to Pancarâtra, II. 128, 188, 189, 197

Intuition, I. xcix; III. 278, 304

Iranians, I. 52, 54, 61, 63, 64; II. 68, 195; III. 189, 191, 208, 215, 409 sq. See also Persia, Zoroaster

Iranien Oriental, III. 215

Irenaeus, III. 444

Irrawaddy, I. 120; III. 47, 48

Isaac Luria, III. 462

Isâna, II. 137, 198; III. 146

Iśânavarman, III. 109, 114

Isapur, II. 69

Ishta-devata, III. 391

Isipatana, I. 140

Isis, II. 287; III. 409, 429

Islam, I. xxiii, xlii, xlvi, xlix, 17, 28, 115, 178, 238; II. 107, 240; III. 3, 182, 409, 455 sq.

Isocrates, III. 434

Iśvara, I. 85; II. 16, 304, 313, 316; III. 173, 444 Saṇhita, II. 195

Itivuttaka, I. 216; III. 299

I-tsing, I. 258; III. 268, 329

Iyarpa, II. 232

Iyengar, Srinivas, II. 316, 320

Jackson, III. 156 (Williams), III. 450

Jacobi, I. 105, 116, 303; II. 74, 306, 311

Jade Emperor, the, III. 342

Jaffna, III. 26

Jagadguru, II. 210

Jagannath, I. 30; II. 114, 176, 238, 254, 267; III. 134

Jagat Gauri, II. 276

Jagatpati, III. 114

Jag-jivan-das, II. 266

Jag-manderlal Jaini, I. 105, 106, 117

Jahn, II. 238

Jaimini, II. 291, 310

Jain (Jainism), I. xix, xli, 28, 35, 49, 72, 95, 105, 106-123, 158, 225, 241, 252, 268, 302; II. 69, 94, 97, 100, 110, 123, 128, 162, 212, 214, 215, 230, 242; III. 19, 44, 178

Jain Literature, I. 95, 116, 286

Jaintia Parganas, II. 286

Jaipur, II. 266

Jalalu-'d-din er-Rumi, III. 461

Jalandhara, II. 78

Jambal, II. 368

Jambudvîpa, III. 106, 425

James, Gospel of, III. 442

James, William, I. lxix, cii, 190, 309; II. 161

hJam-pahi-dbyans (Jamyang), II. 19

Janaka, king, I. 36, 87, 94

Janapada, III. 118

Jangams, II. 227

Jan Teng, III. 246

Jânussoni, I. 223

Japan, I. xiii, lxxxii, lxxxiii, 7, 202, 212, 238, 248, 259; II. 19, 128; III. 9, 85, 290, 314 sq., 402 sq.

Japanese Tripitaka, III. 217, 291

Japji, II. 267

Jaras, II. 154

Jarasâbda (Jaraśastra), III. 453

Jarâsandha, II. 193

Jâtaka, I. xxx, 157, 271, 279, 333; II. 97; III. 42, 84, 102, 103, 166, 242, 284, 430, 441 Nidâna, III. 282

Jâti, I. 208; II. 178

Jaṭilas, I. 146

Jats, II. 271

Jaunpur, I. 29, 30

Java, I. xi, xiii, xxvii, xxix; II. 4, 19, 27, 32, 118; III. 6, 102, 103, 123, 140, 141, 151 sq., 457

Javakumâra, II. 153

Jayadeva, II. 230, 253

Jaya Hari Varman, III. 143, 147 Indravarmadeva, III. 142, 149

Jayâ Khya, II. 196

Jaya Samhitâ, II. 195 Simhavarman, III. 141

Jayasthiti, II. 117

Jayaswal, II. 148

Jayata, III. 307

Jayavarman, III. 105, 109 sq., 134, 179

rJe-btsun-dam-pa, III, 363

Jehangir, I. 30, 31, 90; II. 270

Jehol, II. 15

Jehovah, I. 8, 62, 183

Jejâkabhukti, I. 27

Jelaluddin, III. 456

Jenghiz Khan, III. 353

Jen Hsiao, III. 288

Jên Tsung, III. 270, 274, 289

Jerome, III. 414

Jerusalem, I. 181; II. 107

Jetaka, II. 85

Jetavana, I. 151, 343; II. 56; III. 21, 33, 41

Jews, I. ci, 122, 181, 238; III. 424, 433, 434, 436, 461 sq. See also Kabbala

Jeyyapura, III. 58

Jhâna, I. 307, 311 sq.

Ji, III. 404

hJigs-med-nam-mká, III. 381, 392

Ji-jitsu-shu, III. 304

Jina, I. 46, 110, 122; II. 26, 198; III. 123, 149

Jinagupta, III. 292

Jinamitra, III. 379

Jinaputra, III. 173

Jinasena, I. 114

Jinendra, III. 142

Jîva, I. 107, 188, 197; II. 239, 312

Jîvaka, I. 153

Jîvaka Cintâmani, I. 118

Jiziya, III. 456

Jizo, II. 24; III. 221

Jñâna, II. 128, 189, 196; III. 149

Jñâna-bhramsa, I. lxxix

Jñâna-kanda, III. 444

Jñânâmritasâra, II. 195

Jñânâpada, II. 205

Jñânâprasthânaśâstra, I. 299; II. 79, 81, 89; III. 286

Jñânâvaranîya, I. 107

Jñânâvarishtha, II. 152

Jñâneśvara, II. 257

Jñânodaya, III. 28

Jñâta, I. 111

Jñâtadharma Kathâ, I. 116

Jodo, II. 28, 60; III. 404

Johnston, II. 18; III. 238, 325, 329, 333

Jolly, III. 41, 66

Jones, Rufus, II. 313

Josaphat, III. 442

Juan-Juan Huns, III. 208, 212

Judaism. See Jews

Judgment, the, I. 228

Ju-lai, I. 133; III. 216

Julian, II. 287

Julien, I. 275; II. 3, 56; III. 105, 300, 330

Jumna, I. 25

Jupiter, I. 63

Jus primæ noctis, III. 127

Juynboll, III. 158, 171, 182

Ka, I. 218

Kaaba, II. 267

Kabbala, I. lv, ci; III. 401 sq.

Kabir, I. lxxii, xc, 226; II. 162, 243, 244, 262 sq., 274; III. 419, 457

Kabir Panthis, I. xliv; II. 151, 185, 212; III. 422, 427

Kabul, I. 24; III. 193, 202, 297

Kaccâyana, III. 45

Kachiyappa, II. 220, 221

Kadamba dynasty, III. 51

Kadampa, III. 398

Kâdanbarî, II. 97

Kadianis, I. xlvi

Kadphises, I. 23, 24

Kadur, II. 227

Kailasa, I. xcii, 27; II. 145, 206, 223; III. 97

Kaing Za, III. 67

Kaivalya, I. 304; II. 302

Kakusandha, I. 342; III. 177

Kakuttha, I. 164

Kâla, II. 204

Kâlacakra, II. 32, 118, 129, 198; III. 353, 357, 380, 386

Kalacuris, I. 27

Kaladi, II. 207

Kâlamukhas, II. 203

Kalan, III. 142

Kalanjar, II. 123

Kâ-'lan-ta, II. 79

Kalasan, III. 167, 177

Kâlavâda, I. 98

Kâlayaśas, III. 313

Kalevala, I. 67

Kalgan, III. 390

Kâlî, I. lxxxix; II. 19, 115, 126, 146, 174, 274 sq.; III. 145, 383, 459

Kâlidâsa, I. 56; II. 95; III. 376

Kâlighât, II. 286

Kâlika Purâna, II. 276, 285, 289

Kâliki, III. 185

Kalima, III. 277

Kaling, queen of, III. 154

Kalinga, I. 25, 263, 266, 268; II. 100, 108; III. 25, 46, 155

Kalki (vishnu), I. 47; II. 148; III. 387, 392

Kallata, II. 223

Kalliana (bishop of), III. 416

Kalmuks, I. 5; III. 9, 366, 370

Kalön, III. 367

Kalpa, I. 46, 334; II. 103

Kalpa Sûtra, I. 116

Kalvar, II. 184

Kalyan, II. 225

Kalyani, I. 28; III. 34, 51, 57, 59

Kalzang, III. 367

Kâma, II. 253; III. 146

Kâmacâra, I. lxxviii

Kâmachando, I. 216

Kamado, II. 24

Kamahâyânikan, III. 157, 166, 173, 180

Kâmâkhyâ, I. lxxxvii; II. 286, 288, 290

Kamalabari, II. 260

Kamalaśila, III. 379

Kâmarâgo, I. 227

Kâmarûpa, II. 127

Kâma Śâstras, III. 67

Kamban, II. 152

Kambojas, I. 268; III. 6

Kambuja (Kamvuja), III. 101

Kambu Svayambhuva, III. 101

Kami, I. 6

Kâmika Agama, II. 205

Kammathâna, III. 131

Kampang Pet, III. 89

Kaṃsa, II. 153, 154, 157, 158; III. 424

Kaṇâda, I. 109; II. 97, 292

Kânadeva, II. 86; III. 307

Kanara (south), II. 222; III. 51

Kanarese, I. 118; II. 225, 233, 241; III. 431

Kanauj, I. 25, 27; II. 99, 100, 108, 109; III. 25

Kan-chih-pu-lo, III. 45

Kancipura, III. 45

Kancukas, II. 204

Kanculiyas, II. 279

Kandahar, I. 23; III. 25

Kandali, III. 161, 162

Kanda Purâna, II. 220

Kandy, I. 268; III. 27, 41

K'ang, III. 202

K'ang Hsi (emperor), I. 267; III. 192, 237, 279, 300, 366, 380, 381

Kaṇha, II. 153

Kaṇhayâra, II. 153

Kanheri, II. 109

Kanh hoa, III. 138

Kanishka, I. xxvi, xxxi, 24, 113, 263, 273, 299, 300, 301; II. 5, 47, 64 sq., 224; III. 24, 190, 198, 201, 208, 211, 213, 218, 239, 451

Kanjur, the, III. 280, 359, 372 sq., 397

Kansu, III. 192, 197, 206, 245, 251, 367

Kant, I. lv, lxxvii, 47; II. 5

Kanthaka, I. 175

Kantu, II. 79

Kanva dynasty, II. 79

Kao-ch'ang, III. 206

Kao-Sang-Chuan, III. 248

Kao-Sêng-Chuan, III. 156, 287, 293

Kao-Tsu, III. 259

Kapaleśvara, II. 203

Kâpâlikas, II. 203

Kapila, II. 97, 148, 202, 296; III. 181 Saṃhitâ, III. 453

Kapilar, II. 219

Kapilavatthu (vastu), I. 131, 132, 148, 150, 161, 162, 169; II. 93

Kapimala, III. 307

Kapiśa, III. 193, 217

Kapota, II. 15

Kapuralas, III. 42

Karalâ, II. 278

Kâraṇa Śarîra, II. 32

Kâraṇavastha, II. 316

Kâraṇḍavyûha, II. 13, 57, 72, 118; III. 348, 378

Karashahr, III. 198, 200, 202, 204

Kar-gya-pa, III. 371, 398

Karika, II. 74, 87, 300; III. 56

Karikh, II. 147

Karkal, I. 121

Karma, I. xviii, xxi, xlviii, lix, lxxvii, 44, 94, 107, 123, 139, 188, 194, 195, 208, 210, 212, 215, 230, 307; II. 10, 36, 37, 40, 221, 225, 247, 294, 303; III. 66, 248, 253, 272, 444

Karma-pa, III. 277, 371, 399

Karmapundarika, II. 58

Karpura Mañjari, II. 282

Kârshua, II. 187

Karta, II. 261

Kartabhajjas, II. 261

Kartâ purukh, II. 268

Kârtikeya, II. 142, 145; III. 43, 392

karunâ, III. 173

Kâryâvasthâ, II. 316

kâsâva, I. 241

Kashgar, I. xxvi, 24; II. 76; III. 197, 198, 200 sq., 211, 213, 361

Kashgarian manuscripts, I. 261; II. 48

Kashmir, I. xxxv, 15, 24, 262, 263, 269; II. 76, 78, 79 (Kipin), 80, 81, 90, 91, 93, 95, 100, 109, 126, 127, 196, 204, 222-225; III. 5, 18, 25, 176, 194, 211 sq., 307, 345, 420, 457

Kasi, I. 36, 74, 87, 88

Kâśikâ (vṛitti), III. 142

Kasina, I. 314, 315

Kassapa (Buddha), I. 342; III. 177

Kasyapa (Kassapa), I. 146, 168, 196, 239, 240, 255, 256, 257, 269, 288; II. 12; III. 374

Kasyapa Matanga, II. 71; II. 244, 248

Kasyapa parivarta, II. 60

Kat, III. 172

Katâha, II. 15

Kathâsarit Sâgara, III. 425

Kathâ Upanishad, II. 180, 305

Kathâvattu, I. 259, 260, 261, 262, 271, 338, 339; II. 48, 66, 81, 101, 124; III. 20

Kathiawar, I. 23

Kathina, I. 246; III. 81, 93

Katmandu, II. 118

Kâtyâputra, II. 79

Kâtyâyanî, I. 79, 299; II. 53; III. 286

Kaulacâra, II. 284

Kaundhiya, III. 104, 106, 107, 164

Kauravas, I. 55; II. 155

Kausambi, I. 25

Kaushîtaka Brâhmana, II. 152 Upanishad, I. lxxvii, 76; II. 181

Kauthâra, III. 138, 140, 147

Kautilya Arthaśâstra, II. 197; III. 102

Kaveri, II. 231

Kavi, III. 170

Kavindrarimathana, III. 121, 122

Kavittâvali, II. 245

Kâvya, II. 83; III. 120

Kawi, III. 170, 186 Râmâyaṇa, III. 158, 171

Kâya, III. 181. See Trikâya

Kâyârôhana (Kârôvân), II. 202

Keats, II. 317

Kedah, III. 82, 153

Kedarnath, II. 227

Kediri, III. 158, 171

Kedoe, III. 155

Kegon, II. 54; III. 404

Keith, Prof., I. 286; II. 187, 296, 311; III. 94

Kelani Sangha, III. 37

Kelts, I. 54; II. 276; III. 191

Kena Upanishad, II. 277

Kennedy, J., III. 445

Kerala, I. 26; III. 44

Kerman, I. 69

Kern, I. 261; II. 13, 32, 48, 53, 91; III. 19, 135, 153, 158, 164, 169, 171, 172, 174, 328

Kertanagara, III. 159

Kesai Khati, II. 279

Kesar Sagar, III. 381

Kevaddha Sutta, I. 320, 331

Kevalin, I. 110, 120

Kevalom, I. 107, 108

Khagan, III. 354, 362

Khajarao Temple, I. xlii, 27; III. 178

Khalsa, II. 271

Khamdo, III. 364

Khanda. See Skandha

Khandagiri, II. 114

Khandakas, I. 277

Khande Rao, II. 145

Khandelwals, II. 177

Khandesh, I. 29

Khandoba, II. 145

Kharavela, king, I. 113

Kharosthi, III. 190, 207, 208, 210, 450

Khasis, I. 14; III. 100

mKhas-grub-rje, III. 359

Khecharî, I. 306

Khema (sage), III. 25

Kher-heb, II. 122

Khilji Sultans, I. 29

khînâsavo, I. 229

Khitan Tartars, III. 269

Khmers, III. 46, 81, 82, 84, 100 sq., 138, 140

Khojas, III. 455

Khonds, II. 285, 289

Khotan, I. xxv, 24; II. 19, 52, 76, 93; III. 6, 12, 190, 197 sq., 207 sq., 348, 377

Khri-gtsug-lde-btsan, king, III. 348, 378

Khri-sron-lde-btsan, king, III. 348, 379

Khuastanift, III. 446

Khubilai (Khan), I. xxvi; II. 8, 48, 55, 141, 159, 200, 269, 273, 274, 289, 338, 341, 354, 392

Khubilghan, III. 360

Khuddaka Nikâya, I. 279, 289; III. 56, 297

Khuddakapatha, I. 11, 339, 340; III. 92, 265

Khusru, I. 26

Khutuktu Khagan, III. 380

Khwaja Khizr, III. 459

Kiangsi, III. 325

Kiangsu, III. 316

Kia Tan, III. 48

Kien Chin Fan Tsan, III. 300

Kingdom of Heaven, I. 224, 228 of Righteousness, I. 140

King Maha Vijitâ's sacrifice, I. 172

Kings, status of, I. 36

King-Tsing, III. 217

Kins (Golden Tartars), III. 269

Kipin (Kashmir), II. 79; III. 203, 262

Kirghiz, III. 200, 207, 263

Kirtans, II. 254

Kirtipandita, III. 12, 123

Kîrti varman Chandel, I. 27

Kisori Bhajan, II. 185

Kistna, I. 27

Kittel, II. 143

Kittisiri Râjasiha, III. 36

Klaproth, III. 201

Kleśa, II. 88

Knebel, III. 168, 179

Knowledge, I. xvi, xvii, lxxii, 74, 75, 78, 220. See Jñâna

Knox (Robert), III. 35

Koch, II. 280

Kobo Daishi, III. 317

Kofu kaji, II. 88

Koguryu, III. 336

Kohmari hill, III. 209

Koki, III. 52, 108, 156

Kokka, III. 242, 356

Kokonor lake, III. 362

Koliyas, I. 149, 169

Konâgamana, I. 342; III. 177

Konârak, II. 114; III. 453

dKon-brtsegs, III. 374

Kôn Chũ̏k, III. 95

Konkan, II. 108

Konow (Sten), I. xxxi; II. 52

Köppen, II. 90; III. 274, 357, 361

Koran, I. lxxiv, 255; II. 263, 268, 293

Korea, I. xxiv, xxvi; III. 9, 250, 290, 312, 336 sq., 402

Korean Tripitaka, III. 296

Kormusta, III. 215

de Körös (Csoma), II. 15; III. 351, 373, 375, 380, 387

Kosala, I. 20, 95, 131, 148, 149, 150, 157, 161, 162; II. 93

Koṣha, III. 145, 146

Koṭihoma, III. 120

Kottavai, goddess, II. 276 (victorious), II. 213

Kovat, III. 111

Kra (Isthmus), III. 6, 103

Krat, III. 112

Kraton, III. 160

Kretanagara, III. 169

Kṛishṇa, I. xv, xxxv, xlv, 48, 100, 169, 333; II. 33, 72, 73, 115, 119, 137, 147, 149 sq., 190 sq., 195, 200, 229 sq., 243; III. 147, 186, 417, 420, 423

Krishna I, king, I. 27

Kṛishṇa das, II. 113

Krishna deva, I. 30

Kṛishṇaite literature, II. 244 sq.

Krishts, III. 424

Krittivasa, II. 245

Kriya, II. 128, 189

Kriya Sakti (force), II. 196

Kriyayoga, I. 304, 307

Krom, III. 172

Kshanti, III. 173, 304

Kshatriya, I. 34, 35, 36, 87, 88, 92, 134, 169, 252, 272, 341; II. 148, 227; III. 50, 106, 183

Kshemarâjâ, II. 223

Kshemendra, II. 130

Kshetrapati, I. 102

Kshitigarbha, II. 13, 18, 24; III. 218, 221, 283

Kshudraka Nikâya, III. 299. See Khuddaka Nikâya

Kuan Shiyin, II. 14

Kuan Ti, III. 326, 332

Kuan-Ting, III. 312

Kuan-tzu-tsai, II. 14, 17

Kuan-Yin, I. lxxxvii; II. 14, 17, 18, 24; III. 221, 226, 238, 239, 261, 327, 343

Kubera, III. 392

Kublai Khan, III. 25, 79, 388

Kucha, I. xxvi; III. 190, 198, 200, 202, 203-205, 211, 213, 251, 372

Kuchanese, I. 276

Kuei-Chi, III. 315

Ku K'ai-Chih, III. 242

Ku Kang, III. 163

Kuku, III. 125

Kuku Khoto, III. 370

Kulârnava Tantra, II. 281

Kulaśekhara, II. 231

Kulika, III. 386

Kullûka Bhaṭṭa, II. 281

Kulottunga, II. 233

Kumâra, II. 127

Kumârabhûta, II. 19

Kumâragupta, II. 95

Kumârajiva, II. 41, 55, 84, 85; II. 203 sq., 210, 247, 251, 294, 313, 321, 373

Kumâralabdha, II. 86, 92

Kumârapâla, I. 114

Kumârata, II. 86; III. 307

Kumârî, II. 278

Kumârila Bhaṭṭa, I. xl; II. 109, 206 sq., 310, 311

Kumbhandas, I. 102

Kumbhipathias, I. xl; II. 116

Kumbum, III. 358, 367, 381

Kunâla, I. 271

Kuṇḍagga, III. 107, 164

Kuṇḍalini Devi, I. 310; II. 283, 320

Kunjarakarna, III. 166, 172, 174, 180

Kuo-Shih, III. 234, 251, 273, 277, 278, 306, 355

Kürä, III. 363

Kural, II. 215

Kuren, III. 363

Kurma Purâna, II. 140, 163

Kurnool, II. 237

Kurukshetra, I. 55

Kurukullâ, III. 389, 394

Kurundi commentary, III. 30

Kurus, the, I. 20, 87, 88, 89, 95, 96, 149

Kushan Empire, I. xxvi, xxxi, xli, 19, 22, 23, 24, 301; II. 64 sq., 83, 88, 202, 276; III. 8, 190, 198, 451

Kushashu, III. 314

Kü-shih (Kiu-shih), III. 206

Kushto, III. 424

Kusikas (Five), III. 174

Kusinârâ, I. 162, 164, 165, 166, 169, 255; II. 93

Kûṭadanta Sutta, I. 131

Kutagâra Hall, I. 159

Kutb-ud-din-lbak, I. 28; II. 112

Kuvera, III. 145

Kwannon, II. 17

Kwan-shi-yin, II. 93, 125

Kwan-yin, II. 275; III. 284, 321

Kyansithâ (king), III. 56

Kyocvâ (king), III. 56

Kyoto, III. 291

Labberton, III. 171

Lachen, III. 352

Ladak, III. 370, 399

Lahore, I. 138; II. 267

Laity, I. 122, 249 sq.; II. 120; III. 330

Lajonquiére, III. 82

Lakshaṇa-vimukta-hṛidaya Śâstra, II. 10

Lakshmana, III. 43

Lakshmî, II. 19, 145, 233, 234, 320; III. 114, 182, 393

Lakshminda Bhumisvara, III. 149 Lokeśvara, III. 145, 149

Lakulin (Lakulisa), II. 202

Lala Baba, II. 255

Lâlitâditya, king, II. 109

Lalitavajra, II. 126

Lalita Vistara, I. 136, 173, 176; II. 22, 26, 28, 53; III. 166, 170, 284, 292, 374, 442

Lalitpur, I. 267

Lallû Jî Lâl, II. 188

Lamaism, I. xi, xxvi, xlix, 246; II. 125, 128, 260; III. 8, 200, 274, 302 sq., 318, 321, 345 sq., 382 sq.

Lamas, II. 122; III. 234, 274

Lamphun, III. 79

Langdarma (king), III. 212

Langha-hsin, III. 153

Lang-'pi-ya, III. 154

Lanja script, III. 301

Lanka, I. 72; II. 149

Lankâvatâra Sûtra, II. 19, 53, 60, 74, 84; III. 276, 284, 292, 374

Laos, III. 46, 79, 124

Laotzu, I. xix; III. 216, 245, 246

Lasik, II. 147

Lâṭa, II. 102

Latin, I. 63; III. 191

Latsun Ch'embo, III. 371

Laufer, III. 192, 348, 353, 373, 380, 381

Laukikas, II. 210

Lavater, I. lv

Lavo, III. 79

Law Books, II. 187

Leclerc, A., III. 112

Le Coq, III. 194, 212 sq., 216, 446

Left-handed Tantrism, II. 125, 283

Le Gall, III. 272

Legge, I. 258; III. 153, 210

Leh, II. 278

Lengyen Ching, II. 56, 60; III. 311

Leper king, III. 110

Lessing, I. lv

Letterless One, the, II. 265

Lévi, S., I. 283, 292; II. 14, 42, 80, 83, 87, 88, 116, 119; III. 21, 105, 191, 202, 204, 215, 221, 297, 298, 315, 326, 388

Leviticus, I. 278

Lhamo, III. 392

Lhasa, I. xxvii; II. 15; III. 345 sq., 389

Li, III. 207

Liang Chih, III. 278

Liang dynasty, II. 22; III. 153, 161, 252, 253, 287

Liang (southern), III. 203, 204

Liao Chai, I. 318

Liccharis, I. 111, 158, 161, 163, 169; III. 24

Li-Chien, III. 265

Lichtenberg, I. lv

Lidaiya, king, III. 83

Li dynasty, III. 340, 341

Life and sayings of Râma Krishna, II. 162

Life and teachings of Sri Madhva-Charyar, II. 240

Life of the Buddha, I. 99, 173, 259; II. 81, 103

Life of Vasubandhu, II. 78

Light, Paradise of, III. 220

Ligor, III. 6, 80, 82, 96, 103

Li-Hué Ton, Emperor, III. 344

Lîlâ, II. 145, 222

Lîlâuja, I. 136

Lîlâvajsa, II. 126

Li Lung Mien, III. 269

Lin Chi, III. 309

Ling, III. 399

Linga Purâna, II. 140, 187, 202 Śarîra, II. 32, 300 worship, I. xlvi, 17, 115; II. 142 sq., 213, 238; III. 53, 97, 106, 114, 115, 146, 169, 394

Lingavants (Lingayats), I. 28, 42; II. 176, 179, 220, 225-227, 318; III. 114, 418

Linguistics, I. 20, 63; III. 100, 138, 151, 189, 190, 191, 192. See also Alphabets, Translations, Transliterations

Lin-I (Champa), III. 139

Liste Indienne des Actes du Buddha, I. 173

Li-t'ang, III. 367

Literatur und Sprache der Singhalesen, III. 12

Li Thai To (Emperor), III. 344

Lithuanian forms, I. 63

Liturgy of Kuan-yin, III. 276

Liu Hsieh, III. 255

Liu Mi, III. 288

Liu Sing dynasty, III. 154, 251, 253

Liu-t'o-pa-mo, III. 105

Liu Tsung Yuan, III. 261, 263

Liu Yuan, III. 356

Livre des esprits et des immortels, II. 18

Lobnor, Lake, II. 93; III. 188, 210

Locanâ, III. 173

Lochana, III. 327

Lochen, III. 352

Lodge, Sir. O., I. 11

Lodi dynasty, I. 29, 30

Logan, III. 101

Logic, II. 91, 94, 131

Logos, II. 293; III. 419, 433

Lohans, the, III. 326 sq.

Lohapasada (Copper Palace), III. 18

Loi Kăthŏng, III. 94

Lokâcârya, II. 257

Lokâkshi, III. 292, 313

Lokamahadevi, III. 116

Lokanâth, II. 15

Lokapaññatti, III. 329

Lokâyatikas, II. 97, 320

Lokâyatam, III. 44

Lokeśvara, II. 13, 15; III. 116, 122, 123, 173

Lokottaravâdins, II. 59, 102; III. 202

Lók práh sŏkŏn, III. 131

Lokuttara, I. 263

bLo-lden-shes-rab, III. 380

Lolei, III. 115

Lombok, III. 183

Longimanus, I. 341

Lophburi, III. 85, 97

Lorgeon, III. 36

Lo-shih-fu, III. 327

Lo-tsa-va, III. 379

Lotsu, III. 318

Lotus, the, I. 130; II. 4, 14, 19, 22, 23, 26, 28, 48, 50, 51, 52, 60, 66, 84, 103, 125, 279; III. 20, 215, 218, 219, 294, 310, 311, 312, 328, 375, 405, 438

Le Lotus de la bonne Loi, II. 52

Lotus school, III. 312

Lourdes, I. 327

Lovek, III. 111, 113

Lowis, C.C., III. 48

Loyang, III. 244, 248, 255, 308, 313

Loyola, Ignatius, I. 315

Lozang, III. 363

Lu (Vinaya) school, III. 287

Luang Prabang, III. 80, 83, 109

Lu-Chin-Yuan, III. 272, 278

Lucknow, II. 252

Lüders, II. 197; III. 190, 191

Ludwig, III. 280, 368

Luipa, II. 126

Lü Kuang, III. 203, 206

Lumbini Park, I. 132, 174, 269

Lung-hu-shan, III. 237

Lung-men, III. 193, 314

Lupercalia, I. 101

Lü-tsang, III. 284

Lü-tsung, III. 309, 316 sq.

Ly, III. 141

Lyall, Sir. Alfred, I. lxiii, 166; III. 412

Macauliffe, II. 256, 262 sq.

Macdonell, II. 139

Macdonell and Keith, I. 134; II. 152

Macedonia, I. 268; III. 430

MacGowan, III. 329

Macnicol, II. 251

Madagascar, III. 151, 183

Madhab Deb, II. 191, 259

Mâdhava, I. lxxii, 125; II. 110, 291; III. 457

Mâdhurya, II. 255

Mâdhva Acârya, I. xliv; II. 73, 163, 228, 237 sq.

Mâdhvas, II. 73, 163, 239, 241, 318; III. 329

Mâdhva Sampradâya, II. 251

Madhvavijaya, II. 241

Madhyamâgama, III. 297

Madhyamakâvatâra, III. 373

Mâdhyamika school, I. 260; II. 37, 73, 74, 85, 90, 102, 103, 211, 315; III. 285, 296, 304, 305, 373

Mâdhyântavibhâga Śâstra, III. 123

Madjapahit, III. 141, 158, 159, 171 sq., 183

Madras, I. xli, 19, 26; III. 416

Madrolle, III. 339

Madura (Modura), I. 26, 114; II. 214, 222; III. 44

Madya, II. 284

Magadha, I. xl, 18, 20, 21, 87, 95, 131 sq., 147, 149, 156, 161, 163, 169, 283; II. 93, 96, 100, 102, 105, 124, 125, 129; III. 24, 256

Magas, I. 268; III. 425, 451

Maghar, II. 263

Magic, I. lxxxvi, lxxxviii, 67; II. 66, 87, 94, 113, 121, 126, 190, 274 sq., 311; III. 117, 182, 265, 316 sq., 333, 350, 385. See also Mantras, Tantras

Magic im Alten-Aegypten, II. 122

Mạgna Mater, III. 429

Mahâ Aṭṭhakathâ, III. 30

Mahâbalipûr, III. 106 (Seven Pagodas)

Mahâbhârata, I. xxxviii, lxxiv, xc, xci, 55, 59, 288, 332; II. 114, 143, 146, 151 sq., 168, 182, 186, 187, 193, 200, 206, 279, 306, 317; III. 102, 120, 167, 186, 424

Mahâ-bhâshya, I. 303; II. 156, 157

Mahâ-Bodi-Vaṃsa, I. 255

Mahâbrahmâ, I. 102; III. 43

Mahâcinakramâcâra, II. 21

Mahâcinatantra. II. 126

Mahâdeva, I. 48; II. 145; III. 146, 176, 167

Mahâdevadâsa, II. 115

Mahâdevi, I. 68; II. 128, 146

Mahâdhammakathi, III. 31

Mahâgaṇapatitantra, III. 375

Mahâgandi, III. 73

Mahâgîta Medânigyân, III. 68

Mahâguhya, III. 173

Mahâguru, III. 179

Mahâkâla, II. 105, 140, 145; III. 169, 355, 391, 392

Mahâ-kâla-cakra, III. 67

Mahâ-kâla-Tantra, III. 375

Mahâkaruna, II. 14, 15

Mahâ-karuna-candin, II. 14

Mahâkassapa, I. 168; III. 23, 307

Mahâkut, III. 116, 147

Mahâmati, II. 54

Mahâmâtris, II. 286

Mahâmâyopanishad, II. 210

Mahâmegha garden, III. 16 Sûtra, III. 261

Mahâmuni, III. 65

Mahânadi, I. 263

Mahânâma, III. 15, 28

Mahânirvâna Tantra, I. lxxxviii, 67; II. 278, 281, 282, 285, 289

Mahâpadâna sutta, I. 134

Mahâparinibbâṇa sutta, I. lxxiii, 135, 161, 164; II. 21, 58; III. 23, 284, 378

Mahâprajapati, I. 133, 159

Mahâprajnâpâramitâ Śâstra, II. 52, 84, 85; III. 283, 297

Mahâprasâd, III. 422

Mahâpurusha, I. 341

Mahâpurushias, II. 260

Mahâ Râjâ, I. 131; II. 250

Mahârâjâdhammathat, III. 67

Mahârâshtra, I. 31; II. 108

Mahârâshtri (Prakrit), I. 116; III. 12

Mahâsaccaka Sûtra, I. 135

Mahâ Saman, I. 7; III. 43

Mahâsamaya sutta, I. 103, 278

Mahâsammatiyas, I. 299

Mahâsangha, I. 290

Mahâsanghika, I. 258, 260, 262, 263, 298, 299, 332; III. 19, 212, 285 (Vinaya), 374

Mahâsangîti, I. 254, 258, 290

Mahâsangîtika, I. 258, 262

Mahâsannipâta Sûtra, II. 57, 58, 61; III. 282, 283

Mahâsena, III. 15, 18, 21, 40

Mahâsiddhas, II. 128; III. 385

Mahâsthâmaprâpta, II. 13, 23, 30; III. 327

Mahâ-sudassana, I. 166

Mahâsukhakâya, II. 123

Mahâtaṇhasan-khaya sutta, I. 197

Mahâthapa, III. 18

Mahâthera, III. 81

Mahâtmyas, III. 215

Mahâvagga, I. 137, 142, 143, 145 sq., 206, 257, 277, 289; III. 62

Mahâ-vairocanâ-bhi-sambhodhi, II. 58; III. 284

Mahâ-vaṃsa, I. 257, 259, 269; III. 13 sq., 56, 86, 124, 306

Mahâ-vaṃsatîkâ, III. 15

Mahâvarman, III. 109

Mahâvastu, I. 173, 263, 282; II. 9, 22, 27, 58

Mahâvibhâsha-śâstra, II. 169; III. 286

Mahâvidyâs, II. 286

Mahâvihâra, I. 276, 292; III. 16, 19, 21, 29, 31, 32, 40, 59, 60, 297

Mahâvîr, I. xix, 95, 105, 108, 110 sq., 119, 123, 129

Mahâvrata ceremony, I. 100

Mahâvrâtins, II. 203

Mahâvyutpatti, III. 379

Mahâyâna, I. xxvi sq., 220, 260, 263, 275, 325, 332; II. 1, 131, 181; III. 39, 40, 51, 52, 60, 84, 112, 120 sq., 142, 145, 149, 156, 162, 166, 177, 202, 203, 209, 213, 215, 218 sq., 320, 329, 404, 451

Mahâyâna-dharma-dhâtvaviśeshata-śâstra, II. 10

Mahâyâna-śâstra, II. 84

Mahâyâna-sûtrâlankâra, II. 11, 32, 42, 48, 57, 125; III. 219, 286, 315

Mahâyâna Sûtras, III. 282

Mahâyânist Canon, II. 47 sq.

Mahâyasa, III. 58

Mahâyuga, I. 334

Mahendra (Mt.), III. 119

Mahendravarman, III. 102

Maheśamurti, II. 165

Maheśvara, III. 83

Mahima Dharma, II. 115

Mahinda, II. 214; III. 5, 12, 16, 29, 30, 44, 333

Mahintale, III. 43

Mahipâla, II. 111, 128

Mahisâsakas, I. 298; III. 285

Mahiśvara, II. 202

Mahmud of Ghazni, I. 16, 28; III. 455, 458

Mahrattas. See Marathas

Mai (mother) section, II. 266

Maidari, II. 21

Maidari Khutuktu, III. 363

Mailapur, III. 420

Mailla, III. 256, 276

Maithili Christomathy, II. 244

maithuna, II. 87, 124, 125, 284

Maitrayâna Upanishad, I. 83; II. 75, 182, 310

Maitreya, I. 47; II. 12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 83, 88, 102; III. 20 (images), 120, 166, 177, 210, 213, 216, 261, 315, 318, 326, 389, 451

Maitreyi, I. lxxiii, 74, 79, 80, 159, 232

Maitri, III. 173

Majjhima, I. 269

Majjhima Nikâya, I. 143, 197, 278, 289, 342; III. 247, 297, 422, 441

Majuli Island, II. 260

Makhan Chor, II. 160

Makkhali Gosala, I. lxxviii, 97, 99, 111, 145

Malabar, II. 148, 207, 219; III. 416, 455

Malacca, III. 85, 163

Maladâkuthara, III. 148

Malakuta, II. 15, 100; III. 44

Malâtî, I. lxxii

Malaya (Archipelago, etc.), I. xiii, xxviii, 16; II. 82; III. 81, 82, 100, 151-187

Malaya (Mt.), II. 54

Malay languages, III. 138

Mâlikabuddhi, III. 307

Mâlikâdeva, I. 269

Malik Ibrahim, III. 161

Malik Kafur, I. 30

Mâlkânas, III. 459

Malkhed, I. 27

Mallas, I. 166, 168 sq.; III. 22

Mallian, I. 165

Mâlunkyaputta, I. 228

Malwa, I. 25, 27, 29; II. 251, 271

Malwatte, III. 37, 41

Mâmakî, III. 173

Mâmallapuram, III. 74

Mâṃsa, II. 284

Ma-ning, III. 295, 300

Manura, III. 307

Man (sect), III. 73

Manas, II. 44, 300

Manasa, II. 276, 279

Mânava-dharma-śâstra, III. 66

Manavala Mahâmuni, II. 237

Manchu dynasty, I. xxvi, 248; III. 279, 365

Man-Chu-Shih-li, II. 19

Maṇḍala, III. 172, 385

Mandalay, II. 105; III. 48, 65, 75, 165

Mandor, II. 159

Mandra, III. 105

Mandukya, I. 83; (Upanishad), II. 74

Mani, II. 88; III. 206, 216, 415, 445 sq.

Maniac, the, II. 184

Manichæism, I. xii, xlix, lv; II. 88, 199, 240; III. 189, 195, 200, 206, 216, 263, 267, 334, 396, 409, 428, 445 sq., 461

Manifestations (Buddha's), III. 215. See also Avatâras, Incarnations

Manikambum, III. 395

Manikka Vaçagar, II. 212, 215

Maṇimanjarî, II. 241

Manimat, II. 238, 240

Manimêgalei, II. 108; III. 44

Manimêkhalai, II. 214

Manipuris, I. xxxvii; III. 49, 50, 67

Manjughosha, II. 19

Mañjunâtha, II. 19

Mañjuśrî, I. xxix; II. 12, 13, 19-21, 54, 93, 118; III. 39, 163, 165, 169, 211, 218, 221, 327, 383

Mañjuśrî Kirti, III. 360, 387

Mañjuśrî Krodha, II. 128

Mañjuśrî vikridita, II. 19

Man Lion (incarnation), II. 147

Man Nat, III. 69

Mano, I. 192, 227

Manohari, III. 55

Manthra Spenta, III. 419

Mantras, I. 332; II. 50, 129, 174, 184, 275, 319; III. 284, 395. See Dhâranîs

Mantrayâna, II. 4, 87; III. 172, 316, 349, 385

Manu, I. xxxviii, lxxxix, 18, 90, 334; II. 154, 187, 199, 281, 306; III. 58, 66, 422

Manual of a Mystic, I. 310, 312; II. 7

Manual of Buddhism, III. 39

Manual of Buddhist Terminology, III. 286

Manuraja, III. 67

Manuscript remains, II. 56

Manvantaras, I. 46, 334

Manyakheta, I. 27

Mao-lun, III. 105

Mappilahs (Moplahs), III. 421, 455

Mâra, I. lxxix, 143, 164, 175, 179, 190, 337; II. 160; III. 69, 73, 350

Marai-ñaña-Sambandhar, II. 221

Mârânanda, III. 336

Marâthas, I. 19, 31, 32; II. 178, 244, 255, 258; III. 456

Marco Polo, I. 305; II. 320; III. 25, 124, 273, 327, 416

Marcus Aurelius, I. 202

Mardâna, II. 267

Mârgabhûmi Sûtra, II. 64

Marguérite Marie Alacoque, II. 161

Mariamman, II. 276

Marici, III. 389, 394

Marjâra-nyâya, II. 236

Markandeya Purâna, I. lxxix, 39; II. 187, 193

Markaṭa-nyâya, II. 236

Marpa, III. 398

Marpori hill, III. 365

Marriage market, III. 450

Martaban, III. 58, 66

Maruts, I. 57; III. 114

Maryâda Jîvas, II. 249

Maspéro, III. 107, 108, 129, 139, 148, 161, 244, 246, 248, 290, 301

Mass, the, I. 66; III. 400, 422

Massacre of the Innocents, III. 424

Masson-Oursel, III. 288, 311

Masulipatam, III. 106, 155

Mata Adisakti ( = Dharma), II. 115

Mataram, III. 155, 157

Mâtariśvan, I. 57, 62

Materialism, I. 99, 196; II. 320 sq.

Mater Triumphalis, II. 287

Maths, II. 175, 208, 233, 240, 244, 256, 260. See Monasteries

Mathurâ, III. 451

Mathura, II. 154

Mathura, a District Memoir, II. 248

Matriarchy, III. 118, 145

Mâtricakras, II. 127

Mâtricheta, II. 104

Mâtrikâ, II. 223

Matsya, I. 87; II. 284

Matsya Purâna, I. 15; II. 187

Matsyendranâtha, II. 117, 118

Matter, theories of, I. ciii; II. 296 sq.

Matthakundali, II. 73

Matvalasen, king, III. 40

Maudgalyâyana, III. 342

Maurya dynasty, I. 21; II. 68; III. 450

Mâyâ, I. lxxvii, ciii, 45, 82, 193, 211, 212; II. 73, 74, 204, 211, 221, 223, 225, 246, 247, 255, 264, 268, 278, 284, 289, 307, 309, 312 sq.; III. 305, 421

Maya (mother of Buddha), I. 132, 174

Mâyâjâla, II. 128

Mayûra, II. 98

Mayurabhanja, II. 115

McCrindle, I. 15; II. 159

McTaggart, I. lv, ciii

Mead, III. 445

Mecca, II. 267

Mecquenem, III. 109

Medieval School of Indian Logic, II. 94, 105

Meditation, I. c, 128, 129, 150, 222, 302-324; II. 122, 304; III. 39, 131, 146, 248, 272, 278, 332, 345, 430, 448. See Intuition, Yoga

Megasthenes, I. 21, 272; II. 137; III. 432

Meghadûta, III. 375

Meghavarman, king, II. 87

Meiji era, III. 402

Meister Eckhart, II. 313

Mekong, III. 79, 80

Mélanges Harley, II. 18, 195, 238

Melas, I. 103; II. 172

Melncote, II. 237, 243

Memoir on the History of the Tooth Relic of Ceylon, III. 25

Memory and rebirth, I. lvii, 320 sq.

Memphis, III. 431

Menam, III. 79

Menander, I. 23; II. 159; III. 23

Mencius, II. 275

Mendicants, I. 100, 134

Mental phenomena. See Intuition, Knowledge, Meditation, Memory

Mera (Pera), III. 101

Mercurial system, I. 305

Mergui, III. 82

Merit-transfer, I. lxxxvi; II. 10, 31; III. 84, 394

Meru, III. 185

Meru, Mt., I. 335; III. 97, 425

Merutantra, II. 280

Merv, III. 427

Messiah, I. 4, 36, 179; II. 88, 149; III. 319

Metamorphosis, I. 200

Metaphysics, I. xxix, cii, 64, 78, 183, 187, 192, 193; II. 6, 36-46, 72, 82, 92, 207, 225, 315; III. 213, 218, 345

Metaphysics and Ethics of the Jains, I. 105

Metempsychosis, I. xv, xviii, 194; II. 101, 268; III. 175, 183, 241, 245, 429, 432, 435, 444, 446, 447, 462

Méthode, II. 56

Metta, I. 184, 216

Metteya, I. 344; II. 21; III. 33, 74, 84

Mewar, I. 30

Mexico, III. 168

Mey Kaṇḍa Devar, II. 221

Miao-Shên, II. 18

Micchaka, III. 307

Mi-chiao, III. 316

Middle Kingdom, II. 93

Migâra, I. 153

Mi-gyo-ba, III. 392

Mihira, I. 27

Mihiragula, I. 25; II. 95, 100; III. 307

Milarâpa, III. 399

Mi-le, III. 342

Mili, II. 21

Milinda Panha, I. 190, 227, 344; III. 23, 56, 105, 153

Mîmâṃsâ, II. 292, 310

Mîmâṃsakam, III. 44

Minayeff, II. 9; III. 49, 379

Mindolling, III. 398

Mindon Min, III. 49, 65

Ming (dynasty, etc.), I. xxvi, 153, 160, 205, 207, 274 sq., 289, 290, 301, 319, 359

Ming-Öi, III. 190, 194

Ming Ti, III. 8, 197, 212, 236, 244, 248, 253

Mingun, III. 63

Ministry of Thunder, III. 225

Minor Rock Edict. See Edicts of Asoka

Minussinsk, III. 213

Mira Bai, II. 244

Miracles, I. 325, 329; II. 53, 58, 66, 84, 154; III. 441

Miraj, II. 109

Miran, II. 192, 200, 210

Miriok, III. 336

Miroku, II. 21

Misal, II. 272

Mi-sha-so Wu-fên Lü, III. 285

Mi-so'n, III. 139 sq.

Missaka, Mt., III. 16

Missionizing, I. xxxvii, lxxxviii, xcii, 254, 268 sq.; II. 70; III. 4, 15, 410, 430

Mitanni, III. 435

Mithila, I. 89; II. 149

Mithra, I. 41; II. 88, 139; III. 409, 451

Mithradates, I. 23

Mitra, I. 57, 60, 88; II. 270

Mitra-Rajendralala, II. 51, 52, 54, 61, 116, 119, 123, 182, 190, 270, 395, 453

Mi-Tsang, III. 291

Mixed cults, II. 70

Mnemonic tradition, I. 285 sq., 296

Moamarias, II. 261

Modern Buddhism, II. 114

Modern Vernacular Literature of Hindustan, II. 245

Moggaliputta, III. 15

Moggallâna, I. 147, 155, 319; III. 64, 89

Mohammed, I. 177, 178, 183; III. 435, 455 sq.

Mohanechedanî, III. 67

Mohanîya, I. 107

Mohsin Fani, III. 456

Mo-ko-Sêng-Chi-Lü, III. 285

Moksha. See Salvation

Molaiye, III. 317

Molinos, I. 136

Mollahs, III. 459

Möllendorf, III. 289

Mo-lo-po, II. 96

Mon, III. 46, 100

Monasteries, I. xxxviii, xli, lxxxii, xciii, 137, 150; II. 94, 104, 105, 112, 113, 119, 120, 121, 175, 208, 260, 266; III. 16, 41, 44, 45, 54, 69, 70, 72, 90, 119, 121, 130, 156, 195, 201, 202, 205, 208, 211, 212, 228, 235, 250, 252, 261, 277, 303, 322, 339, 353, 372, 398 sq., 430, 442

Mongkut, III. 87, 93

Mongolia, I. xxvi

Mongolian Lamaism, III. 401 sq.

Mongols, I. xxvi, 28; III. 258, 269, 272

Monism, I. xliii; II. 223, 249; III. 305

Monju, II. 19

Mon-Khmer languages, II. 279

Mono-physites, I. 39; III. 409

Monotheism, I. xviii, xxxiv, ci, 7, 85; II. 192, 195, 197, 219, 229, 238, 239, 243; III. 224, 354, 417, 418, 433

Morality, I. lxxi, lxxvi; II. 167, 168, 209

Moriyas, I. 169

Mormonism, I. 325; III. 228

Moses, I. 216

Moslems, I. 178; III. 458

Mothers, the, II. 276

Mountain spirits, II. 159

Moura, III. 111

Mou-tzu, III. 218

Mpoe Sedah, III. 158, 171 Sindok, III. 157

Mriccha-kaṭikâ, II. 142

Mṛigas, III. 425

Mrigendra, II. 205

Mṛityu, II. 145

Mṛityuh pâpmâ, I. 337

Mucalinda, I. 142

Muc-Lien. III. 342

Mudal-Ayiram, II. 231

muditâ, II. 11; III. 173

Mudrâ, I. 306; II. 284; III. 172

Mughals, I. 19, 30; III. 455

Muhammad Adil, I. 29 Bakhtyar, I. 29; II. 112 Dara Shukoh, II. 270 of Ghor, I. 28; III. 455

Muhammedan Conquests, I. 29; II. 95, 109, 112; III. 455 sq.

Muir, I. 36; II. 148

Mukaṇṇa Kadamba, II. 213

Mukhalinga, I. xxviii; III. 144 sq.

Mukhyas, II. 29

Mukocha, III. 336

Mukta, III. 174

Muktagiri, I. 121

Mukti, I. 44; II. 140, 235, 247, 250. See Salvation

Muktikâ Upanishad, I. 76

Mukunda Deva, II. 115

Mu-la-san-pu-la, III. 453

Mûla Sarvâstivâda, I. 260, 299, 301; II. 57, 82; III. 28, 162, 166, 167, 285 (Vinaya), 373

Mûlâsthâna, III. 453

mûla tantra, III. 377

Mulavarman (king), III. 164

mûla-vigraha, II. 173

Müller, F.W.K., II. 54; III. 191

Müller, Max, I. 80, 86, 317, 340; II. 52, 162, 296; III. 295, 300, 301

Multan, III. 453

Munda, I. 19; II. 279; III. 100

Muṇḍaka Upanishad, I. 85

Mungayin Sen (king), III. 40

Munis (Indian), I. 224

Munja, king, I. 27

Murder, I. 99

Murids, III. 459

Murray, III. 447

Muruṇḍa, III. 105

Muruvan, II. 213

Muséon, II. 42, 87, 222, 321; III. 297

Mutsung (Emperor), III. 316

Muttra, I. xlv, 113, 263; II. 19, 93, 154, 158, 159, 162, 230, 244, 251, 255; III. 420, 455, 458

Muziris, I. 26; III. 415

Myang-hdas, III. 375

Myingyan, III. 54

Myos Hormos, III. 415

Mysore, I. xli, 26; II. 108, 171, 213, 233, 235; III. 44

Mysore and Coorg from the Inscriptions, I. 114; II. 108, 212

Mysticism, I. lxi, 136, 142, 304, 310, 322, 323; III. 461. See also Meditation, Yoga

Mysticism (Underhill), I. 308, 316, 317; II. 275

Mythologie der Buddhismus, II. 129

Mythology, I. xxxi, 3, 13, 49, 63, 64, 103, 128, 142, 325-345; II. 26 sq., 52, 68, 77, 82, 137, 162, 179, 201, 213, 229; III. 76, 389

Nâbha Das, II. 191, 245

Nâbhaka, I. 268

Nâbhitis, I. 268

Nâda, II. 319

Nadia, II. 253, 255

Nâgânanda, II. 97

Nagar, III. 25

Nâgarakrĕtâgama, III. 168, 172

Nâgârjuna, I. xxxii, 193; II. 8, 10, 29, 38, 43, 46, 52, 54, 55, 59, 65, 82 sq., 316; III. 219, 285, 286, 292, 304, 307, 315, 376

Nâgas, I. 6, 102, 175; II. 85, 118; III. 393

Nâgasena, I. 226; III. 105

Nag-dban bLo-zan rGya-mThso, III. 363

Nahusha, I. 36

Nairâtmyam, II. 36

Naiyâyikam, III. 44

Nakshi Rustam, III. 450

Nâladiyar, II. 215

Nâlanda, I. 150, 162, 258; II. 87, 95, 102, 103, 106, 111, 125, 128; III. 330, 387

Nâlâyiram, II. 231, 235, 244

Nâlâyira Prabandham, II. 191

Nâma, I. 107, 209

nâmarûpam, III. 247

Nambi-Andar-Nambi, II. 215

Nambutiri Brahmans, I. 90; II. 171, 190, 207, 275; III. 417

Nâmder, II. 244, 256

Namghosha, I. lxxv; II. 191, 259, 260

Namm'âr̤var, II. 231, 233

Ñânâbhivaṃsa, III. 64

Nanak, I. lxxii; II. 176, 242, 244, 248, 257, 267 sq.

Nana nuru, II. 219

nânârtha, II. 43

Nanda dynasty, I. 132

Nanda, I. 148; II. 83, 154; III. 424

Nandi, II. 222; III. 146, 167

Nandikeśvara, III. 146

Nandimitra, II. 61

Nandîsvara, III. 169

Nanjio (Bunyiu) Catalogue I. 258; II. 3, 14, 19, 24, 46, 51, 54 sq., 61, 84, 86, 89, 126, 304; III. 42, 105, 123, 213, 218, 239, 248, 249, 259, 265, 270, 276, 280, 282 sq.

Nanking, II. 316; III. 249, 251, 254, 255, 257, 284, 290, 312

Nan Shan, III. 316

Nan Yueh, III. 309

Nâparam itthattâyâti, I. 139

Nara, II. 27, 88, 200, 252 period, III. 403

Nârada, II. 182, 195, 196, 200, 230; III. 66, 426

Nârada pañcarâtra, II. 158, 195, 250

Nârada parivrâjaka Upanishad, II. 198

Nârada Purâna, II. 187

Nâradîya, II. 182; III. 142

Nârah, II. 199

Nărai, king, III. 86

Naraina, II. 266

Nara Nârâyana, II. 199

Narapati, III. 61

Narasimha, III. 182

Narasimha Varman, I. 26

Narasinha Gupta Bâlâditya, II. 105

Nârâyâṇa, I. xliii; II. 159, 193, 195, 197, 199 sq., 228, 233, 234, 253, 282; III. 97, 426

Nârâyaṇîya, I. lxxiv; II. 187, 200, 201, 229

Narthang Press, III. 381

mNaris, III. 352

Narita (burnt-offerings at), II. 128

Na-ro-pa, II. 126

Narotapa, III. 387

Naruma, III. 154

Nasik, I. 27; II. 203

Nâstika, II. 32

Nâtâ, I. 14, 105

Nâtaputta, I. 105, 111

Nâthamuni, II. 231, 232, 234, 237

Nâthas, II. 117

Nath Dwara, II. 252

Nats, I. 6, 102; II. 54, 68, 97

Nature (nature-worship, etc.), I. xvi, lxvi, 3, 6, 7, 12, 33, 56, 137, 332; II. 217; III. 68, 112, 182, 185, 225, 240, 243, 325, 399

Nāyā, I. 111

Nâyâdhammakahâo, I. 116

Nâyakas, II. 286

Nayaks, II. 226

Nayottara, III. 117

Necho, III. 432

Neerlands Indië, III. 3

Negapatam, II. 188

Negoro, III. 404

Nei-tien-lu, III. 290

Neoplatonists, I. xii, lv; III. 433, 447, 460

Neopythagoreans, III. 433, 447

Nepal, I. xxiv, xxvii, 132, 248, 269; II. 19, 21, 31, 32, 116, 117, 129, 143; III. 10, 74, 356, 375, 388

Le Népal, II. 116

Nepâla mâhâtmya, II. 1, 8

Nepalese Buddhistic Literature, II. 51, 52, 54

Nepalese Scriptures, I. 275 manuscripts, II. 18

Nerañjara, I. 136, 142

Nerbudda, I. 20, 25, 208

Nestorian Christianity, I. xlix, 39; III. 189, 202, 207, 217, 260, 263, 265, 409, 416, 427, 428 Stone, III. 217

Netti Pakarana, III. 56

Nevars, II. 116, 117, 178

New Testament, III. 217

New Zealand, III. 151

Ngelmoe, III. 182

Nguyen, III. 341

Nha-trang, III. 144, 147

Nibâna, III. 172

Nibbâyeyya, I. 231

nibbuto, I. 223

Nichiren sect, III. 404

Nicholson, R.A., III. 460

Nicolaus Damascenus, III. 431

Nidâna Kathâ, I. 171; III. 94

Nidânas, I. 207, 212

niddeṣa, I. 258; II. 197

Nieh-pan, III. 282

Nigamas, II. 282

Nigaṇṭhas, I. 105, 111; III. 13

Nigliva, I. 269

Nigrodha Jâtaka, III. 442

Nikâya, I. lxxiii, lxxv, 278 sq.; II. 48, 101, 205; III. 30, 282, 298, 299, 372. See Sutta Pitaka, Dîgha Nikâya, Majjhima Nikâya, Samyutta Nikâya, Anguttara Nikâya, Khuddaka Nikâya

Nikâya-Sangrahawa, I. 293; III. 19, 40

Nîlâcala, II. 114

Nîlâkantha, II. 205, 318

Nîlâmata Purâna, II. 126

Nîlânetra, II. 86

Nîlapata-darśana, III. 40

Nil Sâdhana, III. 40

Nimâvats (Nimbârkas), I. xlii; II. 230, 248, 251

Nimbâditya Nimbârak, II. 228, 230

Nine Dharmas, II. 59, 119

Ning-po, II. 14

Nirañjana, II. 32

Nirâtman, III. 175

nirgama, II. 43

Nirganthas, I. 111

Nirguṇa, III. 181, 445

Nirguṇa Mâhâtmya, II. 115

Nirjarâ, I. 107

Nirmâna, III. 360

Nirmâna Kâya, II. 33

nirodha, II. 43

Niruttara (Tantra), III. 118

Nirvâna, I. xviii, xcv, 204, 219, 222, 236, 249, 250; II. 6, 8, 10, 12, 32, 44, 45, 67, 75, 105, 121, 264; III. 375

Nirvânapada, III. 121

Nirvâna Sûtra, II. 51

Nirvritti, I. lxxxi; II. 283

Nîtiśâstra, III. 172, 186

Nityânanda, II. 254

Nityanusandham Series, II. 232

nityatva, II. 204

Nivâsa, II. 230

Nivedita (sister), I. xlvii, lxxxix; II. 287

Niyama, I. 305

niyâti, I. 98; II. 204

Nizam's dominions, I. 31; II. 225

Nobunaga, III. 404

Nordarisch, I. 276; III. 191, 208

Nord-Ouest de l'Inde dans le Vinaya des Mulasarvastivadins, I. 263; II. 81

Norman, II. 148; III. 14, 23, 387

Northern Chou dynasty, III. 257 Circars, I. 22 Sing dynasty, III. 258 Wei, III. 249, 289

North-West India, I. 263

Nri Simha, III. 106

Nṛisinhatâ-panîya, II. 280

Nudity, I. 112

Num, I. 9

Nuns, I. 159, 248; III. 17, 125, 126, 342

Nushirwan, III. 460

Nyâsa, I. 67; II. 275, 283

Nyâya, II. 39, 95, 291, 294

Nyâyadvâra-śâstra, II. 91

Nyâya-praveśa, II. 95

Nying-ma-pa, III. 371, 385, 397 sq.

O, III. 141

Ō-baku, III. 291

Obscenity in ritual, I. 100

Occupation and caste, II. 177

Odontapuri, II. 111, 112; III. 350

Oelot, III. 365

Ola Bibi, II. 276

Oldenburg, I. 147; III. 13, 15, 285

Omei, II. 23

O-mi-to, III. 327

Om-mani-padme hum, II. 17; III. 395

Oracles, I. 103

Ordination, I. 141, 146, 243; III. 36, 37, 41, 57, 89, 130, 328, 389

Organisation, ecclesiastical, I. 37, 237 sq.; II. 210; III. 64 sq., 91, 131, 327 sq., 359, 404

Origin of Man, III. 288

Orissa, I. xxxix, xlii, 19, 30, 31, 113; II. 111, 113, 114, 116, 174, 206, 277, 386

Ormasd Yasht, III. 220

Orpheus, Orphism, I. lv, 237; II. 285

Orphic Societies, III. 429, 434

Osh, III. 202, 213

Osiris, II. 122, 285

Osmanlis, III. 198

Oudh, I. xxii, 20, 31, 95, 113, 131; II. 149, 266; III. 457

Oupnekhat, II. 270

Outlines of Indian Philosophy, II. 188, 222 of Jainism, I. 105 of Mahâyâna Buddhism, II. 45, 56

Oxford History of India, II. 64

Oxus, III. 197, 210, 212

Oxyrhynchus Logia, III. 437

Pabbaja Sutta, I. 135

Pabbajja, I. 243

Paccari (raft commentary), III. 30

Paccaya, I. 208

Pacceka Buddhas, I. 344; II. 8

Padakalpataru, II. 245, 256

Padakartâs, II. 256

Pâdas, III. 286

Padhânam, I. 216

Padjadjaran, III. 158

Padmanabha, II. 147 Char, II. 238, 240

Padmapâni, II. 15; III. 396

Padma Purâṇa, II. 148

Padmaratna, II. 307

Padma Sambhava, I. xxvii; II. 125; III. 348 sq., 379, 381, 384, 393, 397

Pâdma Samhitâ, II. 188

Padmâsana, III. 184

Padma-tantra, II. 188

Padma-than-yig, III. 349, 381

Padmodbhava, III. 122

Pagan, I. 120; III. 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 67, 179

Pagan Min, III. 65

Pagodas, III. 48, 56, 70, 239, 325

Pag Sam Jon Zang, II. 129; III. 352

Pagspa, III. 273, 354, 388, 392

Pahlavas, I. 23; II. 69

Pai-Chang-ts'ung-lin-ch'ung-kuei, III. 322, 324

Paitao, III. 314

Pajâpati, I. 103

Pakche, III. 336

Pakudha Kaccâyana, I. 99

Palas, I. 27; II. 109; III. 129

Palembang, III. 161

Pali, I. xxiv, 116, 282; III. 12, 81, 375

Pali and Sanskrit, I. 282

Pali-Buddhism, I. xxiv, 127; III. 6, 84, 179, 180. Cf. Hînâyâna

Pali-Buddhismus, I. 312

Pali Canon, I. 128, 130, 164, 254, 275-301; II. 7, 21, 33, 34, 48, 59, 102; III. 31, 189, 295, 297

Pali dictionary, II. 10 inscriptions, III. 84

palimattam, III. 29

Palitâna, I. 119 sq.

Pali Text Society, I. 275, 304

Pallas worship, I. 23

Pallavas, I. 26, 27; III. 107

Pallegoix, III. 94

Pallivals, II. 177

Palmyra, II. 14

palya, I. 110

Panataran, III. 158, 165 sq., 179

Pancabheda, II. 239

Pancakrama, II. 86

Pancalas, I. 20, 27, 87, 95, 96

pancamakâra, II. 284

Pâñcarâtra, I. xxxv, lxxx; II. 97, 147, 152, 182, 186, 188, 195, 196, 197, 202, 224, 232 sq., 309; III. 387, 420, 425, 426

Pâñcarâtra Śâstra, II. 189

Pâñcarâtra-tantra, II. 189

Pancaśikha, II. 20, 296

Pancaśîrsha, II. 20

pancatattva, II. 284

pancâtmaka, III. 175

Pancayat, II. 176

Pan-Chao, I. 24; II. 64, 76; III. 197, 201, 208, 244

Panchen Lama, III. 368 Rinpoche, III. 365

Pan-ch'i, III. 125

Panchou, III. 314

Panchpiriyas, III. 459

Panchpirs, III. 175

Paṇḍansalas, king, III. 160

Paṇḍarâvasinî, III. 173

Pandavas, I. 55; II. 154, 155, 169

Pander, III. 219, 380

Pandharpur, II. 16, 256, 257

Pandrenthan, III. 194

Pandukabhaya (king), III. 13

Pâṇḍurang, II. 275

Pâṇḍurânga, III. 138

Paṇḍuvâsudeva, III. 13

Pandya (Pandian), I. 26, 114, 268; II. 214; III. 44

Panhâvâgaranâim, I. 116

Pâṇini, I. xxxi; II. 153, 180, 194, 197; III. 419

Pâṇiniya Darśana, II. 291

Panjab, I. xlviii, 20 sq., 25, 28, 29, 31, 87; II. 92, 93, 109, 270 sq.; III. 457, 461

Panjo, II. 282, 283

Paññâ, I. 220, 261; III. 30

Paññasâmi, III. 65

Panran, III. 138, 141

pansala (monastery), III. 41

Pantænus, III. 414

Panthaka, I. 170

Pantheism, I. xviii, xxxiv, xxxvi, xliii, lxxix, ci, 8; II. 167, 179, 197, 224, 265; III. 218, 317, 462

Panya, III. 48, 58

Paochi, III. 282, 283

Pao-Chih, III. 254

Pao-hua-shan, III. 316

Pâpa, I. 107

Pâpa-nâtha, III. 106

Para, II. 196, 235

Parabrâhma, II. 32, 278

Paracatti, II. 216

Paradise, II. 23, 28, 30, 31, 35, 42, 57, 61; III. 385, 451. See Kailas, Sukhâvati, Tusita, Heaven

Paradise Lost, II. 246

Paradise Regained, I. 129

Pârâjika, I. 205; III. 323

Parakrama Bâhu, I. 293; III. 18, 25, 33 sq., 179

Paramabodhisattva, III. 149

Paramâdi-buddha-uddhṛita-srî-kâla-cakra, III. 376

Paramâditya-bhakta, III. 454

parama-guhya, III. 173

Paramara dynasty, I. 27

Paramârtha, I. 260; II. 78, 80, 81, 84, 88; III. 256

paramârtha-satya, II. 38

Parama Samhitâ, II. 189 Śiva, III. 181 Śûnya, III. 181

Paramâtman, II. 266, 312

Paramats, III. 63

Parama-Vishṇu-loka, III. 114, 134

Param Brahma, II. 42

Parameśvara, III. 96 king, III. 144

Pâramitâs, III. 173, 304

Param-vrahmâ, III. 114

Pararaton, III. 158, 168

Parasnath (Mt.), I. 120, 121

Paraśurâma, I. 36, 88, 130; II. 147, 213

paratantra, II. 38

Parâtman, III. 175

parâtparâ, II. 278

Parbatiya, II. 119 Gosains, II. 288

Pargiter, I. 15; II. 187, 188, 279; III. 424

Parias, III. 183

Paribbâjakas, I. 95; III. 13

pari-kalpita, II. 38

Pariṇâmanâ, II. 31

pariṇâmavâda, II. 264, 318

Parinibbânam, I. 223

Parinirvâna, I. 223; III. 382

Parinishpanna, II. 38

Pari-pṛicchâ, II. 61, 62

Parishads, I. 75

Paritta, III. 375

parittam, III. 71

Parivâra, I. 258, 292; III. 19, 31

Parivrâjaka, I. 95

Parker, III. 18, 91, 54, 361

Parmenides, I. xix

Parmentier, III. 137, 143, 144, 150

Parnaśavarî, III. 394

Parsis, I. 69, 122; III. 414

Parsvâ, I. xix, 110, 112

Pârśva, III. 307

Parsvanâtha, I. 95, 120

Parthians, I. xxx, 22, 69; III. 414

Pârupana, III. 62, 63

Parvatî, II. 174, 222, 277; III. 114

Pâśa, II. 204, 216, 223

Pasenadi, I. 148

Pashanda Capetika, II. 258

Pasoeroean, III. 158, 168

Pa-ssu-pa, III. 273

Pa-ssu-wei, III. 114, 125

Paśu, II. 204, 216, 223

Pâśupata philosophy, II. 54, 189, 201-205, 211, 216, 280, 291; III. 114, 148

Paśupati, II. 118, 145, 202; III. 114, 146

Pâṭaligâma, I. 161

Pataliputra (Patna), I. 21, 24, 117, 161, 162, 272, 290; II. 92, 137; III. 15

Patan, II. 113

Patañjali, I. 303; II. 153, 202, 306; III. 424

Path, The, I. 185, 186, 213

Pa: thŏ́mma Sŏ́mphôthĩyan, III. 98

Pa-ti, II. 204, 216, 223

paṭiccasamuppâda, I. 144, 206

paṭigho, I. 227

Pâtimokkha, I. 129, 247, 277, 289, 290; III. 41, 130, 249. See Confession

Paṭisambhidâ, I. 258

Paṭisandhiviññaṇam, I. 197

Patna, I. 135; II. 111. See Pataliputra

Patriarchs (Buddhist), I. 256; II. 85, 86, 88, 95; III. 286, 304, 306, 307 (list) (Jain), I. 113; II. 153 (Taoist), III. 228

Paṭṭadkal, III. 106, 116

Paṭṭanatta Pillai, II. 219, 226

Paṭṭhânanayo, I. 208

Paudgalikam Karma, I. 107

Paundraka, king, II. 162

Paushkara, II. 205 Saṃhitâs, II. 189, 195

Pava, I. 111, 162, 164, 169

Pavârânâ, I. 245, 247

Pawar dynasty, I. 27

Pâyâsi, I. 196

Pedanda, III. 185

dPe-dkar, III. 393

Pegu, I. xxv, 269; III. 6, 26, 46, 52, 58, 73, 75, 80, 88

Pei Liang, III. 206

Peking, II. 16; III. 192, 274, 276, 301, 361, 369, 381

Peliyaksha, II. 59

Pelliot, II. 55; III. 101, 103, 124 sq., 157, 200, 215, 283, 296, 353, 373, 380 sq.

Pemangku, III. 185

Pemeyangtse, III. 371

Pemiongchi, III. 371, 398

pen, III. 311

Pen-shi, III. 299

Pentad, II. 26, 164

Perahesa festival, I. 268; III. 44

Péri, I. 301; II. 22, 65, 87; III. 326

Perisiriyar, II. 219

Periya Purâṇa, II. 188, 220

Periyâr̤var, II. 231

Periyatirumor̤i, II. 231

Persecutions, I. 178; III. 44, 61, 103, 212, 252, 257, 267, 351, 414

Persepolis, III. 450

Persia, I. xv, xxx, xxxi, 21, 22, 31; II. 23, 65, 88, 139, 181, 240; III. 3, 25, 180, 195, 199, 213 sq., 432 sq., 456

Peshawar, I. 21; II. 76, 87; III. 24, 220, 239

Peshwas, I. 31

Pessimism, I. lix, lxv, 44, 202 sq., 205

Peṭakopadesa, III. 56

Petas, I. 338

Petavaṭṭha, I. 280, 289; III. 205

Petersburg Lexicon, II. 196

Petithuguenin, III. 83

Petrie (Flinders), III. 430 sq.

Peys, I. 6

Phagmodu dynasty, III. 357, 364

hPhagspa bLo-gros-rgyal-mthsan, III. 354

Phalchen, III. 374

Phalgu, I. 136

Phanrang, III. 138

Pharisees, III. 436

Phasso, I. 189, 209

Phat-To, III. 344

Phăya Man, III. 96 (Mâra) Rùang, III. 80 Tăk Sin, III. 86

Phi, III. 97 Am, III. 97

Philo, III. 433

Philosophy, I. 64, 73, 303 sq.; II. 291 sq. See also Advaita, Monism, Sankâra, Vedanta

Philosophy of Reflection, II. 39

Philosophy of the Upanishads, II. 306

Philostratus, III. 447

Phimeanakas, III. 121, 132

Phí-Prẽt, III. 97

Phí Ruen, III. 98

Phnom Penh, III. 109, 129

Phong-nha grotto, III. 150

Photisms, I. 309

Phra-bat, III. 85, 98

Phra: Buddha-Löt-La, III. 86

Phra: chedi, III. 89

Phra: In (Indra), III. 96

Phra: Isuén (Śiva), III. 97

Phra-Khaphung, III. 98

Phra: Kodom (Gautama), III. 89

Phra: Môkha: la, III. 89

Phra: Nang: Klao, III. 87

Phra: Nărai, III. 97

Phra Pathom, III. 82, 98

Phra: prang, III. 89

Phra: Saribut, III. 89

phyidar, III. 352

Physicians, king of, I. 201

Physics, I. ciii, 66. See Matter

Pi'ao, III. 47

Pi-eh, III. 311

Pilgrims, I. 143; II. 94, 130

Piḷḷai Lokâcârya, II. 236

Pillar Edicts, I. 269 sq.

Pi-lo-fu, III. 327

P'i-mo, III. 209

Piṇḍola, III. 326 Bharadvâja, I. 320; II. 12

pinkama, III. 42

Pipal Tree, I. 142

Pipa Raja, II. 243

Piper, Mrs., I. lvii

Pipphalivâna, I. 169

Piprava Vase, I. 169; III. 23, 99

Pir Badar, III. 459

pirit, III. 36, 42

Pirs, worship of, III. 459

Piśâcî, III. 394

P'isha, III. 209, 213

Pistis Sophia, III. 445

Pitakas, I. xlix, lxxiii, lxxviii, 95, 102, 117, 133_sq_., 141, 143, 149, 152, 169_sq_., 189, 193, 195, 197, 208, 211_sq_., 239, 260, 290-301; II. 67, 122, 137, 171, 305; III. 6, 19, 23, 29, 31, 69, 97, 240, 440, 450

pîths, II. 286

Pitinikas, I. 268

Pito, II. 129

pitriyâna, I. 88

Piyadassi, I. 266

Plato, I. lv, lxiii; III. 447

Pleyte, III. 167, 181

Pliny, I. 26; III. 415

Plotinus, I. 310; III. 431, 447, 460, 462

Plutarch, II. 23

Po-lai (Prah), III. 125

Polar Star, III. 342

Poli, III. 107, 163

Politics and Religion, I. lxxxi; III. 236 sq.

Pollanarua, III. 18

Pollunaruwa, III. 26

Polo, III. 163

Polyandry, I. 55; II. 155

Polycrates, III. 434

Polydæmonism, III. 225

Polygamy, I. 90

Polymorphism, I. 48; II. 139

Polynesians, III. 100, 170, 185

Polytheism, I. lxix, 61, 62, 63; III. 317

Po-nagar, III. 140, 144, 147

Po-nan, III. 106

Pongol festivities, I. 100

Pôngyi, III. 72

Pônnâs, III. 67

Pon Prajnâ Candra, III. 120

Poona, I. 69; II. 171, 258

Pope, G.H., I. xc; II. 183, 215

Pope Innocent III, I. 202

Popular Religion, I. lxix, 6 sq., 100; II. 173; III. 42, 68, 97, 112, 145, 182, 224, 349, 350, 382 sq. (Bön)

Popular Religion of Northern India, I. 103, 145, 147; II. 277

Porâṇa, III. 14, 30

Porphyry, III. 444, 460

Portuguese, I. 31; III. 26, 34, 85, 128, 417

Possession by spirits, I. 11

Potala (Potalaka), II. 15; III. 135, 363

Po-U-Daung, III. 63

Prabandham, II. 231

prabhakari, II. 11

Prabhû, II. 256

Prabhuling-lila, II. 226

Prabodha candradaya, I. 27; II. 123, 230

pradakshina path, II. 172; III. 166

pradesika, I. 268

Pradhâna, I. 335

Pradyumna, II. 196, 235

Prah Kou, III. 119

Prajâpati, I. 57, 62, 67

Prajñâ, I. 220; II. 21, 34, 79; III. 173, 217, 301 pâramitâ, I. xxxii, lxxiii; II. 50 sq., 60, 66, 71, 72, 83, 85, 93, 118, 119; III. 53, 122, 123, 169, 173, 215, 260, 276, 282, 292, 293, 311, 374, 378

Prajñâtara, III. 307

Prakâśa, II. 319

Prakrit, I. 116; III. 8, 190, 208, 210, 214, 296

Prakṛiti, II. 217, 244, 255, 278, 289, 297 sq.

pralaya, II. 317

pramâra, II. 293

Prambânam, III. 154, 155, 165, 178 sq., 182

Prameya Ratnavâlî, II. 255

Prameyaratnârṇava, II. 249

Prâṇa, II. 240

Prâṇayama, I. 306

Praṇidhâna, I. 344; II. 29

Prannâth, II. 261

Prapañcasâra Tantra, II. 282

Prapantja, III. 159

Prapatti, II. 237

Pra Pratom, III. 90, 97

prasâd, II. 174, 180; III. 417, 422

Prasat Prah Khse, Inscript., III. 122

Prasnaviyakaraṇâni, I. 116

Prasthânas, II. 238

Pratapa Chandra Ghosha, II. 236

Pratâparudra, king, II. 115

Pratardana, II. 181

Praten, III. 98

Pratibhâ, I. 309

Prâtimoksha, I. 300; III. 190, 214, 323, 328, 332, 373, 389. See Confession

Pratîtya Samutpâda, I. 206

Pratyabhijña, II. 223, 224

Pratyabhijña-kârikâs, II. 223

Pratyâhâra, I. 306

pratyaksha, II. 292

Pratyekabuddhayâna, II. 4

Pravâhaṇa Jaivali, I. 74, 88, 298

Pravritti, I. lxxxi; II. 283

Prayaga, II. 243

Praying wheels, III. 394

Prea Eynkosey, II. 159; III. 113

prema

Prem Sâgar, II. 161, 191

Preserver, the, II. 146

Preta, I. 335; III. 97

Preuschen, III. 430

Priesthood, I. 36. See also Bonze, Brahman, Hoshang, Hotri, Purohit

Principles of Tantra, II. 190, 281, 282; III. 40

Printing press, III. 289 sq., 381

Prithivi-bandhu, III. 375

Priyadarśikâ, II. 97

Proclus, III. 434

Prodigal son parable, III. 438

Prome, III. 47, 51, 53

Proverbs, Book of, I. 94

Provincial Geographies of India, II. 273

sPrut-pa, III. 360

Przyluski, I. 161, 263; II. 81

Psalms of Maratha Saints, II. 256

Psychology, I. 186, 192, 262; III. 39

Ptolemy, I. 26, 268; II. 158; III. 79, 105, 153, 430 Philadelphus, III. 432 Soter, III. 244

Pubbaselikas, I. 259

Public worship, I. lxxxiv

Pugâma, III. 47

Puggalavâdin, II. 101

Puggalo (individual), I. 191; II. 101

P'u-hsien, II. 23; III. 327

Pujaris, II. 173

Pukham, III. 52

Pukkusa, I. 165

Pu-K'ung, III. 264, 293

Pulakesin, I. 19

Pulindas, I. 268

Puṃs, II. 165

Punakha Press, III. 381

Puni, III. 163

P'un-ming, II. 18

puṇya, I. 107

Punyamitra, III. 307

Punyayasas, III. 307

Purâna Kassapa, I. 99

Purâṇartha, III. 142

Purâṇas, I. xxxvi, xxxviii, lxxiv, 15, 59, 256, 333; II. 28, 48, 151, 187, 193, 281, 306, 321; III. 105, 120, 173, 215

Pure Land school, III. 312

Puri, I. 30; II. 114, 116, 176, 208, 238, 254; III. 25, 134

Pûrṇâ, I. 175, 299

Pûrṇâ prajña, II. 237

pûrṇatva, II. 204

Pûrṇavarman, II. 96, 307; III. 153, 165, 176

Purohita, I. 88; III. 118, 145

Purra-Poruḷ Veṇbâ-Mâlai, II. 213

Purusha, II. 297; III. 181, 426. See Atmân

Purushâda Śânta, III. 176

Purushapura, II. 76

pûrvaja, III. 426

Pûrvamîmâmsâ Sûtra, II. 207, 291, 294, 310

Pûrvas, I. 116

Pusa, III. 186

Puśan, I. 57; II. 146

Pushkara-dvîpa, III. 425

Pushpadanta, I. 117

Pushṭi-Jîva (Mârga), II. 249

Pushya-mitra, II. 68, 69

Pu-tai, II. 25

P'u-ti-tu-lo, II. 95

Putnomita, III. 307

P'u-t'o, II. 15; III. 237, 279, 280, 309, 321

Puvvas, I. 116

Pyitshin, III. 72

Pythagoras, I. lv, 237; III. 434 sq.

Pyus, III. 47, 53

Qamar, II. 155

Quakers, I. 122

Quan-Am, III. 343

Quan-Am-Thi-Kinh, III. 343

Quan-Am-Toa-Son, III. 343

Quãng-nam, III. 137

Questions of Milinda, I. 23, 199, 205, 225, 226, 240, 291, 339; III. 6, 246, 286, 296

Quietism, I. 136

Quilon (Bishop of), III. 417

Quod semper, quod ubique, quod ab omnibus, I. xcvii

Qutayba, III. 199

Rabbis, I. 91

Racial distinctions, II. 177

Raden Radmat, III. 141 Rahmat, III. 161 Vidjaja, III. 159

Râdhâ, II. 157, 158, 229, 253

Râdhâ-swâmis, II. 266

Râdhâ Vallabhis, II. 256

Radiance, world of, I. 331

Radloff, III. 192

Raffles, III. 155, 161

râga, II. 204

Raghuvaṃsa, II. 151, 189

Râhasyas, II. 237

Râhula, I. 134, 148, 151, 160, 298, 301, 315; also. III. 57

Râhulabhadra, II. 85; III. 219

Râhulabhadra Nâgârjuna, II. 128

Râhulata, III. 307

Rai Das, II. 243

Râjâ, status of, I. 131

Rajagaha, I. 135, 147, 148, 150, 157, 158, 161, 162, 254, 255; III. 32 (council at)

Râjagirikas, I. 259, 339

Râjagopala Chariar, II. 190, 316

Râjagriha, I. 111; II. 94

Râja Kumâra, II. 99

Rajaraja, I. 26; II. 108, 215

rajas, II. 298

Râjâsanagara, III. 176

Râjasuya, I. 68

Râjataranginî, II. 85, 109, 127

Râjâvaliya, III. 26

Râja-yoga, I. 305

Rajendravarman, III. 110, 121

Rajgir, I. 121, 135

Rajputana, I. 19, 30, 31, 115; II. 113, 242, 244, 252; III. 454, 456

Rajput Clans, I. 25, 26

Râjûka, I. 268

Raksasas, III. 182, 393

Ralpachan, king, III. 351, 378, 379, 386

Ram, II. 263, 264, 268

Râma, I. xv, xxxv, 72, 169; II. 148 sq., 169, 243 sq.; III. 147 Candra, II. 113, 148 sq.

Râmâdhipati, king, III. 58, 85

Râmagâma, I. 169

Râmâi Pandit, II. 114

Ramaites, II. 233

Râma Komhëng, I. xxv; III. 80, 93, 109, 126 Krishna, I. xlvii; II. 161

Rama Krishna (life of), I. 317, 340

Râma-linga, II. 221

Râmânanda, I. xliv sq.; II. 212, 242 sq., 257, 263, 268, 269; III. 420

Râmaññadesa, III. 46, 50

Râmânuja, I. xliv; II. 73, 74, 145, 151, 182, 186, 192, 197 sq., 203, 212, 221, 226, 228, 229, 232 sq., 242, 314, 316; III. 420, 457

Râmanya Sangha, III. 37, 38

Râmapâla, II. 112, 129; III. 360

Râmapûrvatâ-panîya Upanishad, II. 151

Râmarâja, III. 80

Râmatâpanîya, II. 280

Rama Thuppdey-Chan, king, III. 129

Râmats, II. 243

Râma-uttaratâpanîya, II. 151

Râmâyana, I. xlv, lxxv, xc, c; II. 148 sq., 169, 187, 245; III. 6, 103, 106, 120, 152, 167, 170, 180, 186, 342

Ramayya, II. 225

Râmdâs, II. 256

Râm Dâs (Guru), II. 268

Ramesvaram, I. 17; II. 150

Rammaka (Brahma), I. 153

Ranchor, II. 244

Rangachari, V., II. 236

Rangoon, III. 49

Ranjit-Singh, II. 272

Ranmali, III. 26

Rao-Gopînâtha, I. xxxv, 58; II. 140, 165, 190, 202; III. 147, 382

Rapson, II. 153

Rapti (upper), I. 132

Raseśvara Darśana, I. 305; II. 320

Râshṭra kûṭa dynasty, I. 27, 114

Râshṭrapâlaparipricchâ, II. 100

Ras Lîlâ, II. 250

Ras Mandali, II. 250

Ratnakaraṇḍa-vyûha-sûtra, II. 19

Ratnakûṭa, III. 282, 374, 378

Ratnakûṭa-dharma-paryâya, II. 57, 61

Ratnapura, III. 43

Ratnasambhava, II. 26; III. 166, 173

Ratnavajra, II. 126

Ratnâvalî, I. 319; II. 97, 259

Ratthapâla sutta, I. 134; III. 71

Raudra, III. 382

Raurava, II. 205

Ravana, I. 72, 337; II. 54, 149

Raverty, II. 112

Ravi, I. 20

Rawak, III. 194

Rawal Pindi, I. 21

Rawlinson, II. 256

Raymond, I. 11

Recherches sur les superstitions en Chine, I. 341; II. 18

Recht und Sitte, III. 41, 66

Record of Buddhist practices, II. 3

Records of the Buddhist Empire, I. 258

Red Clergy, III. 277, 397 sq.

Reincarnation, I. xviii, xix, 1 sq., 11, 42, 108, 109, 123, 139, 194, 195, 196; III. 247, 444 sq.

Rë̂k Na, III. 94

Relations, relativity, theory, I. 208

Relics (Buddhist), I. 169; III. 16, 20, 22-28, 56, 81, 84, 211, 256, 262, 265, 266, 268, 270

Religion, definition, I. xii, xcvii, 12. Cf. Introduction passim

Religions of India, II. 143

Religious Orders, I. 95, 96, 97, 237. See Asceticism, Monasteries

Rembang, III. 153

Rémusat, III. 207, 250

Rémy, III. 371

Renunciation, I. lxv sq., 135, 215; II. 168

Répertoire d'Epigraphie Jaina, I. 105, 113

Revata, I. 257; III. 28

Revelation (progressive), I. lxxi, 76; II. 191, 233

Revelations (Maitreya), II. 83

Rhys Davids, I. 97, 103, 128, 129, 161, 212, 226, 259, 260, 315; II. 100, 175, 320; III. 14, 30, 45, 303

Rhys Davids (Mrs.), I. xxi, 180, 188, 190, 193, 208, 209, 213, 248, 259, 281, 314; III. 39

Rhys Davids and Oldenburg, I. 139

Ricci, II. 279

Rice, I. 114; II. 108, 213

Richards, II. 174; III. 311

Right Effort, I. 217

Righteousness, kingdom of, I. 140 wheel of, I. 143, 170

Right mindfulness, I. 217

Ṛig Veda, I. xiv. lxxii, 19, 20, 51, 53, 55, 60, 62; II. 137, 146, 152, 181, 244, 275; III. 102, 426

Ri-lac, III. 342

Ri-moi-mthsan-ñid, III. 377

Ṛishabha, I. 110; II. 148

Rishis, II. 193

Risshu sect, III. 404

Ritual, I. xvi, xxi, lxxiv; II. 6, 166-185, 207; III. 331. Cf. Sacrifices, Temples

Rochas (Colonel), I. lvii

Rockhill, I. 99, 173, 259; II. 81, 103; III. 207, 211, 295, 351, 358, 373, 375, 378, 380, 396

Roga, I. 201

Rohinî, I. 149; II. 153, 154

Roja, I. 171

Roman Catholicism, I. lxxxv, 37, 39, 238, 246; III. 35, 399, 417, 427, 443 Colonies, III. 415 Empire, I. 24

Romance, religious, III. 225

Rosetti, I. lxxxvii

Ross, Sir. Denison, II. 89

Roussel, II. 195

Royal deification, III. 115, 119, 168

de Rubruk (Wilhelm), III. 395

Ru-che-tsan, king, III. 377

ruci, II. 255

Rudhirâdhyâya, II. 289

Rudra, I. 59; II. 137, 140, 141, 183, 202, 228, 277; III. 146

Rudradaman, II. 69; III. 139

Rudras, I. 57

Rudra-sampradâya, II. 229, 248

Rudra Singh, II. 260

Rudravarman, III. 105, 106

Rudra Yâmala Tantra, II. 281

Rufais, II. 254

Rukmiṇî, II. 257

Ruling Spirits of the Four Quarters, I. 102

Rummin Dei, I. 132, 269, 274

Runes, III. 192

Runot, I. 67

rûpa, I. 188, 209

rûparâgo, I. 227

Russell, II. 261, 266

Russia, I. lxx, 54, 122; III. 370

Ruwanweli Dagoba, III. 18

Ruysbroek, I. 323

Ryō-bu Shintō, III. 402, 410

Sabannu, I. 228

Sabaza, III. 161

Sabbakâmi, I. 257

Śabda, II. 265, 266, 292, 320; III. 419

Sabhâ, II. 273

Saccidânanda, I. ciii, 84; II. 248

Sachan, III. 446

Sacred Books of the Hindus, II. 182, 255

Sacred Edict, I. 267; III. 237, 323

Sacrifice, I. xvi, xxii, xxxvi, lvi, lxxxv, lxxxvii, 49, 62, 63, 64, 65 sq., 120, 145, 230; III. 127, 362, 385, 443

Sadaśiva, III. 119

Saddanîti, III. 56

Saddhammapura, III. 50

Saddharma Puṇḍarika, II. 4, 52; III. 284, 292, 374

Sadducees, III. 436

Sâdhaka, II. 122

Sadhana, I. 46; II. 45, 282

Sâdhu, II. 104, 245

Sâdhumatî, II. 11

S'adi, III. 461

Sadiya, II. 279

Sad-Vaishnavas, II. 239

Sadyojâta, II. 198

Saeki, III. 265

Sagaing, III. 48, 53, 75

Sâgaliyas, III. 21, 40

Sâgara, I. 110

Sâgata, I. 155, 329

Sahajânanda, II. 252

Sahaj Bhajanias, II. 185

Sahassadeva, I. 269

Sahin (novice), III. 72

Sailesh, II. 147

Saindhava-çrâvakas, II. 129

Saint Angela, I. 316 Augustine, II. 180 Christopher, III. 442 Frances, II. 217 Gertrude, II. 161 John, I. 181 Paul, I. lxxiv, 273 Placidus (Hubert), III. 442 Teresa, I. lxii, 310 Thomas, Apostle, III. 414 sq.

Śaisunâga dynasty, I. 132

Śaiva, etc. See Siva, etc.

Śaiva Siddhânta, II. 184, 203, 204, 216, 221, 225, 291, 309, 318

Śaivottara Kalpa, III. 142

Saiyad Sular Masud (shrine), III. 458

Saiyid dynasty, I. 29

Sakadâgâmin, I. 227

Sâkadvîpa, III. 425, 452

Saka era, III. 154, 155

Sakalâcâryamata-sangraha, II. 249

Śakambhara, I. 102

Sakas, I. xxx, 22, 23; II. 69; III. 212

Sâkiya, I. 131

Sakka, I. 59, 102, 130, 333; III. 392

Sakkâya, I. 200

Sakkâyadiṭṭi, I. 227

Śakra, I. 333

Sâktas (Sâktism), I. xxxiv, xxxvi, lxxxvii, 104, 310; II. 17, 18, 121, 124, 125 sq., 170, 176, 185, 189 sq., 209, 224, 255, 259, 274-290, 319 sq.; III. 54, 274

Sâkti (proper name), II. 145, 196, 216, 223, 274 sq., 319; III. 54, 119, 147, 389, 391, 396

Sâkya (clan), I. 131, 132, 135, 149, 155, 161, 162, 166, 169; III. 13, 450 (abbots), III. 353, 354, 357, 398

Sâkya, II. 255; III. 364

Sakya Muni, I. 133, 274; II. 7, 30, 33, 52, 53, 55, 58, 66, 93, 105; III. 166, 173, 177, 246, 327, 342, 385, 389, 446

Sakyaputtiya, I. 242

Sakya siṃha, I. 133

Salá, III. 130

Śalistambha Sûtra, III. 378

Sallustius, III. 447

Salva, king, II. 155

Salvation (by devotion or faith or prayer), I. xvi, xviii, xix, xxi, xxii, xxix, lviii sq., 31, 44, 49, 83, 106 sq., 144, 186, 222 sq.; II. 72, 84, 121 (Tantras), 140, 152, 180-183, 217, 222, 235, 239, 255, 290, 291, 295, 310, 317; III. 39, 220, 313, 317, 404, 413, 428, 457

Samâdhi (rapture), I. 83, 221, 262, 307; II. 61; III. 80, 300

Samâdhi-râja, II. 55

Samajja, I. 103

Samanas, I. 95

Samañña-phala-sutta, I. 298

Samantabhadra, II. 13, 23, 32; III. 327, 388

Samantamukha, II. 14

Samanta Pâsâdika, II. 13, 14, 30, 298

Samarkand, III. 192, 202

Samarpana, II. 250

Samatâ, II. 43; III. 310

Samaṭata, III. 53

Samatho, I. 313

Samavâyangam, I. 116

Sâma Veda, I. 53

Sâmba, III. 452

Sambandha, II. 215

Śâmbapuri, III. 453

Śambhala, II. 129; III. 360, 386 (Zhambala)

Sambhâra, II. 32

Sambhoga Kâya, II. 32; III. 388

Śambhuvarman, III. 140

Śambhu Vishṇu, III. 114

Samding, III. 394

Saṃhitâs, II. 128, 188, 195

Saṃkara, II. 238

Sammâdiṭṭhi, I. 215

Sammâ Samâdhi, I. lxii, 221

Sammâ-sam-buddha, I. 344

Sammitîya, I. 260, 298; II. 98, 101, 105, 108, 129; III. 148, 162

sammoha, III. 117

Sammohana (Tantra), III. 118

Sammohavinodinî (Pali), III. 118

Sammutiraya, III. 53

Samos, III. 434

Samoyede, I. 9

bSam-pa rGya-mThso, III. 363

Sampradâya, II. 179, 228. Cf. Sects

Samprati, I. 113

Saṃsâra (migration), I. 1, 42, 43, 44 sq., 199, 200; II. 45. See Reincarnation

saṃskâra, I. 188, 210; II. 300; III. 95

Samudra Gupta, I. 24; II. 87; III. 21

Saṃvara, I. 107; II. 140; III. 391

Samvṛiti-satya, II. 38

Saṃyama, I. 308

Samye, III. 350

Saṃyuktâbhidharmahṛidaya, III. 213

Saṃyuktâgama, I. 293, 300; II. 48; III. 190, 296 sq.

Saṃyukta-ratna-piṭaka Sûtra, II. 83

Saṃyukta-vastu, II. 224

Saṃyutta nikâya, I. lxxiii, 189, 190, 192, 193, 201, 232, 278, 289; II. 48; III. 65, 246, 297

Sanakâdi, II. 228

Sanakâdi-sampradâya, II. 230

Śanakavâsa, III. 307 (Śanavâsa)

Sanang Setsen, III. 355, 357, 361

Sanan-kumâra, I. 103

Sanâtama Dharma, I. xlviii

Sanatsujatîya, II. 187

San-bo-tsai, III. 161, 162

San-Chao, III. 97

Sanchi tope, I. 269, 272; III. 14

Sandberg, III. 399

Sâṇḍilya, II. 308 Sûtras, II. 182

Sangâmaji, I. 160

Sangermano, Father, III. 63

Sangha (Buddhist order), I. 97, 154, 156, 182, 185, 237 sq., 256, 258; II. 115; III. 11, 36, 71, 214

Sanghamittâ, III. 17, 21

Sanghams, II. 214

Sanghanandi, III. 307

Sanghapâla, III. 105

Sangharâjas, III. 65, 83

Sangharaksha, II. 64, 80

Sanghavarman, III. 295

Sanghayaśas, III. 307

Sang Hyang Kamahâyânikan, III. 172, 180

Sangîti, I. 256; III. 65

Sangsit, III. 185

Sâñjaya, I. 98, 145, 147, 155 (Java), III. 154 Belaputta, II. 97

Śaṇkara Acârya, I. xxxii, xl, xlii, xliii, lxviii, lxxxi, 82, 86, 211, 303; II. 73, 74, 109, 110, 130, 175, 183, 187, 197, 203, 206 sq. (life), 220, 233, 234, 238, 258, 280, 282, 312 sq. (doctrines); III. 421. See Advaita, Monism

Śaṇkara-dig-vijaya, II. 110, 203

Saṇkara Nârâyana, II. 164; III. 114, 147, 181

Śaṇkarapandita, king, III. 119

Śaṇkara-vijaya, II. 209

Śankarshaṇa, II. 196, 197, 200, 235, 319

Sankhâras, I. 188 sq., 206 sq., 225, 230

Sankhâruppatti-sutta, I. 210

Śankhya Aphorisms of Kapila, II. 296

Sâṇkhya Kârikâbhâshya, II. 296, 304; III. 286 philosophy, I. lxxvi, xcii, 47, 49, 74, 98, 106, 108, 109, 128, 210, 211, 302; II. 40, 54, 88, 99, 182, 197, 201, 202, 216, 217, 232, 291, 292, 293, 296 sq. (details); III. 448

Sânkhyam, III. 44

die Sankhya philosophie, II. 296, 299

Sâṇkhyapravacana, II. 296

Sâṇkhya-tattva-kaumadi, II. 303

Sânkhya-Yoga, II. 224, 229

San Kuan, III. 225

San-lun-tsung, III. 304

Sanna, I. 188

Sanna (king), III. 154

Sannyâsin, I. 89; II. 247, 254, 294

Sanskrit, I. xxiv, xxviii, 117, 130, 275, 300; II. 4, 6, 47 sq. (Canon). (Also Mahâyânist Literature), 69, 113, 123 (Nepal); III. 81, 82, 138 sq. (Champa), 154, 164, 189, 190, 294 sq. (Chinese Canon), 373

Sanskrit manuscripts of Bikaner, II. 190

Sanskrit Texts (Muir), I. 36

Śânta, III. 382

santâna, II. 36

San-ta-pu, III. 287, 311

Śântarakshita, III. 348 sq.

Santhagâra, I. 150

Sânti, II. 255

Śântideva, II. 9, 45, 60, 106

Śântiparvan, II. 195, 196, 202, 203; III. 425

Santri Birahis, III. 182

San Tsang, III. 282

Saoshyant, II. 23; III. 451

Śarabha Mûrti, II. 140

Sâradâtilaka Tantra, II. 281

Saraha, I. xxxii; II. 29, 85; III. 219

Saraks, II. 114, 177

Saraladasa, II. 114

Sârasamuccaya, III. 172

Sarasvatî, II. 19, 145

Sâriputra-prakaraṇa, III. 190

Sariputta, I. 147, 148, 155, 157, 172, 180, 211, 229, 320; II. 9; III. 58, 60, 89

Sarkar, B.K., II. 32, 111, 114, 116

Sarkar Jadunath, II. 113

Sarnath, I. 141, 171, 266, 270; II. 112

Śarva, III. 146

Sarva-darśana-saṇgraha, II. 91, 201, 202, 203, 205, 222, 291, 320, 321

Sarvajñâdeva, III. 379

sarvajnatva, II. 204

sarva-kartṛitva, II. 204

Sarva Śavarânâm Bhagavati, III. 394

Sarvâstivâdin (sect), I. xxvi, xxxii, 262, 263, 291, 300; II. 48, 72, 77 sq., 85, 90, 101, 224; III. 148, 176, 191, 201, 202, 209, 212, 213, 285, 286, 292, 299 (Canon), 315, 451

Sâsanavaṃsa, III. 55 sq., 61, 62 sq.

Saśâṇka, II. 96

Sa-skya-pancen, III. 354

Saskya Pandita, III. 350

Sassanids, I. 24; III. 191, 451

Śâstâ, III. 120

Śâstra Madhyavibhâga, III. 123

Śâstri, Pandit Hari Prasad, II. 113, 116

sasvatâ, II. 43

Satagiri, I. 103

Śatapatha Brâhmana, I. lxxx, 89, 91 sq.; II. 195

Satara Brahmans, II. 279

Śatarudriya hymn, II. 141, 142, 183

Śataśâstra, III. 304

Sâtavahâna dynasty, I. 22; II. 85

Sathagopa, II. 231, 237

Sâti, I. 197

Sati, I. 217

Satî, II. 126, 285

Sati (Suttee), I. lxxxviii; II. 168; III. 183

Sat-mahal-prasâda, III. 18

Sat-nâmis, II. 286

Satrapies, III. 451

Satriyas, III. 183

Satrunjaya, I. 121; III. 167

Sattras (monasteries), II. 175, 260

Sattva, II. 298

Sâttvata-Saṃhitâ, II. 188, 189, 195, 196, 198

Sâttvata sept, II. 154, 162, 194 sq.

Śâtyasiddhiśâstra, III. 304

Satyavarman, III. 121, 140, 144

Saugatâśrama, III. 121 (monastery)

Saukavastan, III. 220

saumya, III. 382

Saundarânandakâvya, II. 83

Saura Purâna, II. 163, 238

Saurântrika, I. 260; II. 86, 90, 92; III. 304

Sauvîra, I. 190

Sâvatthi, I. 148, 151, 152, 159, 162, 245

Savitri, I. 57; II. 146

Sawan, III. 185

Sawti sect, III. 63, 73

Sayâ, III. 72

Sâyanâcârya, II. 210

Say-fong inscript., III. 124

Scandinavian Literature, I. 45

Scènes de la Vie du Buddha, I. 173

Schiefner, I. 173; II. 126, 129; III. 108, 156, 219, 307, 453

Schmidt, III. 354, 373

Schmitt, III. 83

Schomerus, I. xli; II. 188, 204, 319

Schools of Philosophy (Indian), II. 291 sq. Cf. Sects

Schopenhauer, I. lv, lxxvi, 47, 201, 208, 236, 309; II. 270

Schrader, I. lxxx, 76, 97, 99, 219, 232, 236; II. 128, 188, 189, 195, 197, 198, 204, 210, 235, 270, 322, 387

Science, I. ciii; III. 376 (Tibetan literature). Cf. Cosmology, Metaphysics

Scott, Sir. J.S., III. 49, 68, 70

Scott Moncrieff, III. 430

Scythian kingdoms, I. 22; III. 212 sq.

Scythianus, III. 446

Sdok Kak Thom inscript., III. 109, 117

Sea of Milk, III. 425

Secret rites, II. 121, 283

Sects: Buddhist, I. 259, 260 (list), 298 (list); III. 285 Burmese, III. 57 sq. Chinese Buddhists, III. 303 sq. Hindu, II. 179 sq. Japanese Buddhists, III. 403 sq. Mahayâna and Hinâyana defined, I. xxx; II. 3 sq. Sivaite, II. 216 sq., 222 sq. (Kashmir), 225 sq. Tibetan, III. 397 sq. Vishnuite, II. 194 sq., 228 sq.

Seidenstücker, I. 312

Seistan, III. 3

Sekhen, I. 218

Sekkilar, II. 220

Seleucus Nicator, I. 21; III. 432

Self-hypnotization, I. 319

Semirechinsk, III. 199

Semitic alphabets, I. 61; III. 430 deities, I. 60; II. 276

Sen-Dinesh Chandra, II. 114, 187, 213, 245, 253, 255, 279, 287

Sen, Keshub Chunder, I. 339

Senart, I. 113, 267; III. 122, 190

Senas, I. 27; II. 112, 253

Sendha-pa, II. 129

Sêng, III. 217

Sêng-Hin, III. 292

Sêng-ts'an, III. 308

Sêng-Yu, III. 307

Sensus Communis, I. 192

Seoul, III. 339

Sera, III. 359

Serapis, I. 41; III. 244, 429

Seringapatam, II. 237

Sermons (Buddhas), I. 143, 146, 185, 295

Sermons of a Buddhist Abbot, II. 42, 71

Serpent Power, the, I. 311

Serpent-worship, I. 103

Serra, III. 359, 399

Setavya, I. 162

Shâburkân, III. 446

Shadâyatana, III. 247

Shah Jehan, I. 30, 31; II. 270

Shaka, III. 405

Shakespeare, III. 437

Sha-le (Su-le, Shu-le) (Kashgar), III. 200

Shamanism, III. 383

Shang Ti (Tien), I. 8

Shan languages, II. 279 mountain, III. 325

Shans, III. 46 sq., 61, 79, 82

Shan-shan, III. 211, 213

Shan-si, II. 20; III. 221

Shan Tao, III. 314

Shantung, III. 319

Shao-Lin Temple, III. 255

Shaṭcakrabheda, I. 310

Shaṭ-karma, I. 305

Shea and Trayer, II. 321

Sheikh Chisti shrine, III. 458 Farid, III. 459 Sadu, III. 459

Shelley, I. 46

Shen, I. 6

Shen-Chu Hung, III. 279

Shen-Hsiu, III. 309

Shen-Kua, III. 246

Shên-Sêng-Chuan, III. 288

Shen-shen (Hinayanist), II. 93

Shen-Si, III. 250, 265

Shê-p'o, III. 156, 176

Sher-Chin, III. 373, 374

Shê-yeh-po-mo, III. 105

Shiahs, III. 459

Shiefner, II. 29

Shih-Chi-lung, III. 250

Shih-fen-lü-tsang, III. 285

Shih-Huang Ti (Emperor), III. 246

Shih-li-fo-shih, III. 162

Shih-li-pa-da-do-a-la-pa-mo, III. 154

Shih-sung-lü, III. 285

Shih Tsung, III. 268

Shin, II. 60

Shingon sect, II. 27, 58, 87, 275; III. 284, 316 sq., 382, 385, 404

Shin-shu, II. 51; III. 404

Shintoism, I. lxxxiii, lxxxviii; III. 402 sq.

Sho-jo, II. 3

Short cut, the, III. 312

Shou-leng-yen-san-mei-ching, II. 56

Shou-Pu-sa-Chieh, III. 328

Shrichakrasambhara, II. 121

Shrines, II. 116 (Nepalese). See also Temples, Images, Caves, Pîths, Dagobas, Pagodas, Chedis, Stupas

Shu, III. 249

Shuddhi, I. xlviii

Shun-Chih, III. 279

Shun-ti, III. 274

Shwe Dagon Pagoda, I. 119; III. 74, 76

Shwe Zigon Pagoda, III. 56, 69

Sialkot, I. 25

Siam, I. xii, xxiv, xxv, lxxxii, 241, 248, 276; II. 80; III. 49, 78 sq.

Siam Sangha, III. 37

Siamese Chronicles, III. 79 sq., 111

Siddha, I. 110

Siddhânta, I. 116; II. 216, 222

Siddhântâcâra, II. 284

Siddhânta Dipika, II. 183, 204, 205, 221 Rahasya, II. 249

Siddha Pito, III. 387

Siddhartha, Siddhattha (name of Buddha), I. 133

Siddhattika, I. 339

Siddhi, II. 128, 282

Siddhi-traya, II. 232

Siddhi-vidyâ, III. 117

Si-Do-In-Dzon, II. 122

Siem-reap, III. 112

Sîgâla, I. 251

Sîgâlovâda sutta, I. 158, 251

Siggava, I. 256

Siha, I. 111, 158

Sihalaṭṭha Kathâ, III. 14

Sikander Lodi, II. 263; III. 456

Sikhi, I. 342

Sikhim, II. 260; III. 369, 398

Sikh Religion, the, II. 256, 262 sq.

Sikhs, I. xliv, xlvi, lxxii, 19, 31; II. 151, 176, 177, 185, 212, 267 sq.; III. 456

Śikshapatri, II. 252

Śikshâsamuccaya, II. 55 sq., 60

Sîlabbataparamâso, I. 227

Sîlabhadra, III. 315

Sîlâditya, II. 96

Sîlam (Sîla), I. 272; III. 30, 173, 304

Śilappadhikaram, II. 214

Silappadigaram, II. 108

Sîla-vagga, I. 103

Sîlavaṃsa, III. 61, 71

Silla, III. 336

Sîmâ, III. 59, 130

Sima (queen), III. 154

Simeon, I. 133

Simha Bhikshu, III. 307

Simhâlaputra, III. 307

Simhâsana (Lingayat See), II. 227

Sin (Jain views), I. 107

Sind, I. 25, 28; II. 100, 109, 129; III. 455

Sindhu, II. 102

Si-nganfu, III. 207

Singaraja, III. 185

Singasari, III. 159, 165 sq.

Sing-gu-sa, III. 63

Sinhalese Canon, I. 289 sq.; III. 30 Chronicles, I. 269; III. 25. Cf. Mahâvaṃsa, Culavaṃsa Commentaries, III. 29 Sangha, III. 37

Sinhapura, III. 137

Sinope, III. 244

Śiraścheda, III. 118

Siri, I. 103; II. 124

Sirimeghavaṇṇa, III. 21, 25

Śiśira peak, III. 152

Śisṇadevâh, II. 143

Sisodias, II. 155

Sisowath, king, III. 129

Sister-marriage, III. 450

Sîtâ, I. 72; III. 152

Sîtalâ, II. 276; III. 459

Sittars, II. 218, 220; III. 418

Śiva, I. xv, xvi, xxviii, xlii, xlvi, 48; II. 70, 95, 96, 98, 114, 118, 119, 122, 126, 127, 136-165, 174, 179, 182, 192 sq., 202-227, 228, 274, 319; III. 52, 53, 85, 97, 107, 113, 144, 146, 167, 173, 186, 355, 391, 392, 417. See also Linga-worship Goddesses, II. 145 sq.

Śiva-bhâgavatas, II. 202

Śiva-bhakti, III. 146

Śiva-buddha, III. 159, 169, 181, 186

Śiva-buddhâlaya, III. 169

Śiva-dharmottara, II. 187

Śiva-dṛishti, II. 223

Sivaism, Kashmiri, II. 222 sq.

Sivaism, Tamil, II. 212 sq.

Sivaite Tantrism, II. 139

Sivaji (Maratha), I. 31; II. 157, 161, 256

Śiva Kaivalya, III. 117 sq., 146

Śiva-mukham, III. 144

Sivañânabotham, II. 205

Sivañânar, II. 221

Śivâ-râdha, III. 146

Śiva-Soma, III. 119

Śivâśrama, III. 134

Śiva Sûtras, II. 205, 222, 224, 225

Śivâvâkyam, II. 220

Śiva Vishṇu, III. 181

Skanda (Kârtekeya), II. 145, 202 Purâna, II. 220

Skandas, I. 123, 186, 190, 198, 209, 218 sq., 223, 229, 230; II. 67; III. 175

Skardo, III. 20

Skeen, III. 13

Skoptsys, I. xxxvi, lxx, 122

Slave Sultans, I. 29

Slavonic (Slavs), I. 54, 63; III. 191

Sleep, I. lxiii, 82 sq.; II. 302

Ślokas, II. 104

Smaradahana, III. 171

Smârta Acâryas, II. 237

Smârtas, I. xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxviii, xl; II. 189, 209, 222

Smith (Vincent), I. xix, 15, 32, 267, 271; II. 64, 76, 88, 149, 159, 172, 187; III. 260, 414, 432, 453

Smṛiti, I. lxxv, 54, 217; II. 189, 210

sṇadar, III. 352

Snânadroṇi, III. 147

Socrates, I. 94, 142

bSod-nams, III. 361

Soenda, III. 158

Soerabaja, III. 158, 161, 165

Sogdiana, I. 276; II. 139; III. 189, 191, 192, 201, 206

Sohgaura copper-plate, III. 74

Solar deities, II. 28

Solomon, I. 94; III. 430

Soma, I. 39, 58, 69, 90, 103

Somaj, III. 412

Somânanda, II. 223

Somanaradittyar, II. 318

Somapuri, II. 111

Somdec práh sanghrâc, III. 131

Somnath, I. 28; III. 455

Son of Heaven, III. 235

Sona, III. 50

Sonadaṇḍa Sutta, I. 131, 135, 152

Sonagir, I. 121

Sonaka, I. 256, 257

Sonari, I. 269

Sôngkran, III. 93

Songs of the Monks and Nuns, I. 171, 242

Soshyos, III. 451

Sotapanno, I. 227

Soul, I. l sq., ci sq., 260; II. 204, 236, 239, 297, 300; III. 116. Cf. Atman, Anatta, Jîva, Purusha, Paśu, Reincarnation

South Indian inscriptions, II. 278

Southern Star, the, III. 342

Soyen Shaku, II. 42

Spanda, II. 223, 224 Karikas, II. 223

Specht, III. 201

Spells. See Dharânis, Mantras

Spenta Mainyu, II. 198

Sphuṭârtha, II. 89

Spiritualism, III. 229

Spirit world, I. 330; III. 81. See Nats, Phis, Preta-bhut

Śraddhâ, II. 53, 180

Śramaṇas, I. 95; III. 245

Śrâvakas, II. 80, 114, 129; III. 324

Srâvakayâna, II. 4

Sravana Belgola, I. xli, 114, 117, 120, 121; II. 214

Sravasti, II. 30, 93

Srey Santhor inscript., III. 122, 123

Srî, II. 145, 228; III. 114 Champeśvara, III. 113 Dharmarâja, III. 80, 81 Guhya Samaja, III. 375 Harsha, III. 453 Herukaharmya, III. 150 Jalangeśvara, III. 113 Jayakshetra, III. 113 Kantha, II. 205 Mahendreśvarî, III. 115 Mandareśvara, III. 113

Srîbhâshya, II. 182, 186, 229, 233, 234, 235, 237; II. 420

Srîbhoja, III. 162

Srîmârarâja, III. 139

Srinagar, I. 269

Sringeri (Abbot and monastery), I. 208, 210, 211; II. 176; III. 147

Srinjaya, I. 88

Śrîparama-purohita, III. 146

Śrî-perumbudur, II. 233

Śrî Râjasanâgara, III. 159

Śrîranga, II. 173, 190, 222, 232, 233, 234, 237

Śrîsailam, II. 227

Śrîsampradâya, II. 233

Śrîśânabhadresvara, III. 147

Śrî Śikhareśvara, III. 113

Śrîsomasarman, III. 120

Śrî Sûryavaṃsa Râma, III. 83, 84, 96 Vaishnavas, II. 233, 235, 241 Vinaya, III. 138, 148

Srŏk Kâmpûchéa (Khmer), III. 101

Srong-tsan-gan-po (king), III. 347

Srosh, III. 221

Srut Gopal, II. 265

Sruti, I. lxxv, 54; II. 310

Ssu, III. 217

Ssu-Chuan, III. 349

Stael Holstein, II. 64

Stand der indischen Philosophie zur Zeit Mahâvîras und Buddhas, I. 97

Stanton, III. 319

Starr, F., III. 336

State-craft, I. 18

Statue portraits, III. 114 sq.

Stcherbatskoi, II. 87

Stein, I. xxxi; II. 127; III. 3, 193, 195, 196, 207, 209, 210, 218, 245, 301, 378

Steiner, III. 395

Stevenson, Mrs., I. 105

Sthâ, I. 116

Sthânakavâsi, I. 116

Sthavira, I. 260; II. 100, 101, 103; III. 45, 149

Sthiramati, II. 10, 46, 94

sthûla-śarîra, II. 32

Stories of the Eighty-four Vaishnavas, II. 251

Strabo, III. 415, 431, 450

Studies in Mystical Religion, II. 313

Stupa, I. 119, 169; II. 76, 85, 98, 143, 172; III. 22, 65, 132, 165, 193, 194, 239, 270, 325

Suali, II. 321

Subandhu, II. 98

Subbâshita Sangraha, II. 121, 123

Subhadda, I. 154, 166

Subhâshita, II. 104

Subhûti, III. 360

Subjective reality, I. 327

Subrahmaṇya, II. 222

Sucandra, king, III. 386

Suchin, III. 261

Suchow, III. 192

Sudarśana, III. 298, 387

Sudas, I. 20, 59

Suddhâdvaita, II. 248, 318

Suddhâvidya, II. 319

Suddhodana, I. 131, 133, 148

Sudhanvan, king, II. 110, 207

Sudharman, I. 111

Sudras, I. 72; II. 85, 173, 185, 260; III. 183, 219

Suffering (cause of), I. 144, 206

Sufism, I. xii, ci; II. 239, 266; III. 460

Sugata, III. 168

(La) Suggestion, I. 318

Suhrillekha, II. 85; III. 286

Suhtankar, II. 73

Sui Annals and dynasty, III. 101, 206, 257 sq., 289, 293

Suicide, I. lxx, 205; II. 104; III. 329

Sujârâ, I. 175

Sukham, I. 224

Sukhâvatî, II. 23, 28, 103; III. 219, 220

Sukhâvatî-vyûha, II. 5, 14, 19, 27 sq.; III. 220, 283, 284, 295, 313, 428

Sukh Nidhan, II. 265

Sukhothai, III. 79 sq., 82, 85 (Sukhodaya)

Sukhtankar, II. 315

Sûkshṃa-śarîra, I. li

Suku temples, III. 168

Sûlagandi, III. 73

Sultanates, I. 29, 30

Sultan Muhammad Bahmani, III. 461 Shahid, III. 459

Sumangalavilâsinî, III. 23, 30

Sumatî (queen), Play, II. 237

Sumatra, I. xii; III. 104, 107, 151, 161-163

Sumedha, I. 343

Su-mên-ta-la, III. 163

Sumerugarbha, III. 283

Sumpa, III. 353, 381

Sun (Buddha), III. 317

Sundara (king), I. 114 (writer), II. 215

Sundarî, I. 157

Sung dynasty, III. 148, 158, 205, 242, 253, 269, 282, 289, 290, 301

Sunga dynasty, I. 22; II. 68

Sung Yün, II. 65, 96; III. 209, 211, 254, 256

Sun-worship, II. 98, 109, 146, 156; III. 452, 453

Sûnyâ (Sûnyam, Sûnrata, Sûnyâta), II. 38, 43, 51, 52, 55, 67, 73, 75, 115, 198; III. 173

Sûnyamûrti, II. 116

Sûnyâ Purâṇa, II. 114

Sûnya Saṃhitâ, II. 115

Sûnya-vâda, I. 303; II. 322

Supernatural, the, I. 141, 161, 174, 304. See Miracles

Superstitions, I. xxxvii; II. 121; III. 230 sq., 240, 334, 344. See Aboriginal deities, Animism

Suppiya, I. 289

Supreme Spirit, II. 46, 137, 179, 193, 194, 199, 229, 238, 243, 290, 294

Śûrângama, III. 284

Śûrangama Samâdhi, II. 56

Surashtra, I. 23; III. 451

Surdas, II. 191

Surendrabodhi, III. 379

Sur-sagar, II. 191

Sûrya, I. 57; II. 146; III. 184, 186, 453, 454

Sûryagarbha Sûtra, II. 58; III. 215

Sûryanârâyana, II. 114

Sûryavaṃsa Rama (Śrî), II. 7; III. 11

Sûryavarmadeva, III. 149

Sûryavarman, III. 110

Suso, I. 317

Sutasoma Jâtaka, III. 172, 176, 181, 442

Sûtra Kritânga, I. 111, 116

Sûtrâlankâra, II. 49, 83, 169; III. 439

Su-Tsung, III. 263, 274

Sutta, I. lxxiii, 98, 129 (meaning), 130, 150, 166, 172, 258, 277 sq.

Suttanta, I. 129

Sutta Nipâta, I. 117, 133, 135, 164, 216, 232, 279, 289; II. 160, 197; III. 42, 299 Sangaha, III. 56 Vibhanga, I. 277, 289

Suvarṇabhûmi, III. 6, 52, 59, 103

Suvârna-dvîpâ, III. 353

Suvarṇa-prabhâsa-sûtra, II. 32, 54, 60; III. 191, 215, 284

Su-Wu, III. 105, 113

Sûyagadangam, I. 116

Suzuki (Zeitaro), II. 10, 34, 42, 44, 56, 71, 83

Svabhâva, II. 39

Svabhâva-kâya, II. 32

Svabhâva-vâda, I. 98

Svacchanda, II. 224

Svankalok, III. 79

Svasamvedyopanishad, II. 322

Svayambhû, II. 20, 57, 118 Purâna, II. 20, 55, 118, 119; III. 383

Svetadvîpa, II. 196; III. 425

Svetaketu, I. 8

Śvetâmbara, I. 111, 112, 116, 117, 120

Śvetâśvatara Upanishad, I. 85; II. 180, 182, 187, 219, 296, 302, 305

Swâminârâyaṇa, II. 175, 252

Swat, II. 126

Swedenborg, I. lv

Swinburne, I. lxvi; II. 287

Swing rites, I. 100; II. 115; III. 94

Syadvâda, I. 108

Syâma, III. 79

Syllabaries, use of, III. 300

Symbolism, I. lxx

Synod, III. 34

Syria, I. 268; III. 430

Syriac, III. 189

Syrian Christianity, II. 226

Ta-A-lo-han-nan-t'i-mi-to-lo-so-shuo-fa-chu-chi, III. 326

Tabaristan, III. 199

Tabat-i-Nasiri, II. 112

Ta Chi, III. 282

Ta Chieng, II. 3

Tagara (Ter), III. 106, 155

Tagaung, III. 47, 50

Tagore Devendranath, I. 76; II. 287 Rabindranath, I. 46; II. 45

T'aiping Rebellion, III. 232, 319

Tai-shih-chih, II. 23

Tai-Tsu, III. 270, 275, 289

Tai-Tsung, III. 259, 260, 264, 270, 279, 288, 327

Taittiriya Aranyaka, II. 153

Taittiriya school, I. lxxiii, 78 sq. Upanishad, I. 46, 72, 78, 81, 84

Tajih, II. 27

Ta-jih-ching, II. 58; III. 284, 317

Ta-jima, II. 88; III. 265

Takakusu, I. 258; II. 3, 55, 78, 81, 82, 90, 103, 104, 125; III. 162, 217, 256, 283, 286, 298, 315, 329

Ta Keo, III. 132

Takshaśîlâ, I. 282; II. 100; III. 220

Talaings, III. 28, 29, 45, 46, 51, 100

Talifu, III. 79

Talikota, I. 30

tamas, II. 298

Tamilian Antiquary, II. 215, 219

Tamil Purâṇas, II. 183

Tamils (language, literature, etc.), I. xxiv, xli, 108, 114, 118; II. 96, 182, 189, 191, 192, 204, 211, 212, 216; III. 5, 11 sq., 26, 42 sq., 416

Ta Ming San Tsang, III. 289

Tamluk, II. 94

Ta-mo, III. 255

Ta-mohsüe-mailun, III. 304

Tamralipti, II. 92

tan-dhan-man, II. 250

T'ang dynasty, II. 18; III. 54, 154, 155, 193, 198, 202, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 242, 258-269, 289, 290, 301, 337

Tangri, III. 216

Tanguts, III. 208, 212

Taṇhâ, I. lxxvii sq., 144, 198, 206, 208, 209

Tanjore, I. 26; II. 214; III. 5, 16, 44

Tanjur, the, III. 351, 372 sq.

Tanmâtra, II. 299

Tantoc Panggĕlaran, III. 171

Tantras (Tantrism), I. xxxvi, lxxiv, lxxxi, lxxxvi, lxxxviii, 49, 67; II. 4, 8, 9, 21, 32, 55, 61, 62, 87, 121, 185, 188 sq., 274 sq., 306, 342; III. 40, 173, 293, 372, 375, 462

Tantra Śâstra, II. 281

Tantravârttika, II. 207

Tantrayâna, III. 316

Tantri, III. 172

Tantric Buddhism, II. 126, 129, 130; III. 51, 52, 349 school, III. 316-320 texts, II. 121; III. 265

Tantular, III. 176

Tanunapat (Agni), I. 57

Tao, II. 42; III. 216

Tao-an, III. 295

Tao Hsin, III. 308

Tao Hsuan, III. 316, 326

Taoism, I. lxxxiii, 49, 306; II. 284; III. 125, 193, 216, 227 sq., 241, 252, 258, 267, 271, 275 sq., 305, 319

Taoist deities, III. 342

Tao-mi-to Ching, III. 295

Tao-tê-Ching, III. 246, 247

Tåpå, III. 183

Tapas, I. 71, 119. See Asceticism

Tapasi, III. 141

Ta Prohm temple, III. 123

Tapussa, III. 50

Târâ, II. 16-19, 27, 105, 122 sq., 277, 280; III. 156, 165, 169, 173, 219, 348, 393

Târâ, the White, III. 383

Târanâtha, II. 56, 63, 65, 68, 78, 80, 87, 111, 112, 113, 115, 125, 126, 128, 129; III. 52, 108, 123, 156, 177, 180, 219, 306, 307, 331, 360, 363, 381, 398, 453

Târanâtha Vidyâratha, II. 281

Tarigs, I. 238

Tarim basin, I. xxvi; II. 17; III. 188 sq., 349, 452

Tartar states, III. 8, 126, 249, 268

Tashiding, III. 371

Tashihchi, III. 327

Tashi Lama, II. 113; III. 370, 371

Tashi-lhun-po, III. 345, 360, 399

Tashkent, III. 199, 202

de Tassy (Garcin), II. 262

Tathâgata, I. 110, 133, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 228, 230; II. 26, 38; III. 166, 216, 446 Garbha, II. 34, 43, 75, 84, 87 Guhyaka, II. 55, 61, 123; III. 375

Ta-Tsi, II. 57

Taṭṭaṇaṭṭu Piḷḷai, II. 220

Tat tvam asi, I. 81

tattvas, II. 204, 297, 319

tattvatraya, II. 237

Ta'-t'ung-fu, III. 193

Taunggwin Sayâdaw, III. 66

Taungu, III. 53

Tauric Artemis, II. 276

Taw Sein Ko, III. 49, 55, 59

Taxila (Takshasila), I. xxxi, xxxv, 21, 23; III. 450. Now Rawal Pindi

Taylor (Isaac), III. 356

Ta Yueh Chih, III. 244

Ta Yuṇ Ching, III. 261

Teachings of Vêdanta according to Rāmānūjā, II. 315

Teg Bahadur Guru, II. 268, 270

Tegri, III. 354

tejas, II. 196

Telang, II. 207

Tel-el-Amarna, III. 432

Telinga Brahmans, II. 249

Telingâna, III. 46

Telopa (Tailopa), III. 387

Telugu, I. 118; II. 219

Temple, Sir. R.C., III. 49, 51, 68, 69

Temple ritual, I. lxxxiv; II. 174; III. 42 sq., 331 sq., 389 sq., 400 (Tibetan)

Temples, I. xxix, xxxiii, xlii, xlvi, lxxxiv sq., 114, 115, 119 (Jains); II. 172, 174; III. 74, 165 sq., 184 sq., 325, 343, 356. See also Chedis, Dagobas, Pagodas, Stupas

Tenasserim, III. 73

Tendai, III. 310, 404

Tengalais, II. 163, 231, 235

Tenggarese, III. 157, 182

Tennent's Ceylon, III. 26, 33

Tennyson, I. 329

Tephu, III. 371

Ter, III. 194

Terai, I. 266

Terebinthus, III. 446

Terma, III. 350

Terminology, ambiguities, I. 8, 189; III. 224

Teshu Lama, III. 280

Tetsu-yen, III. 291

Textbook of Psychology, I. 190

Tezpur, II. 127

Thadominpaya, III. 48

Thagyâ, III. 69

Thai, the, I. xxv; III. 79, 81

Thanangam, I. 116

Thanesar, I. 25, 55

Thapinyu, III. 56

Tharrawadi, III. 65

Thathanabaing, III. 66, 72

Thaton, III. 6, 28, 29, 46, 48, 50, 55

Theg-dman, II. 3

Thegpa-chen-po, II. 3

Theopathic condition, II. 161

Thera, I. 256; III. 30

Theragâthâ, I. 137, 139, 170, 180, 200, 279; II. 181; III. 240, 297

Therapeutæ, III. 434, 436

Theravâda, I. 261, 262; II. 48, 62, 162

Therîgâthâ, I. 171, 279; II. 181; III. 240, 299

Theriya Nikâya, III. 40

Thesmophoria, I. 101

Thibaut, II. 316

Thibaw, king, III. 49, 66, 71

Thĩb-Chĩng-Cha, III. 94

Thohanbwâ, III. 61

Thomas, III. 396

Thompson, Francis, II. 162, 183

Thompson, P.A., III. 89

Thonmi Sanbhota, III. 348, 378

Thor, I. 63

Thòt-Kăthĭ̆n, III. 93

Thought transference, III. 304, 309

Thrace (Thracians), III. 435

Three Bodies. See Trikâya

Three kingdoms, III. 249

Thsang-yang-Gya-thso, III. 366

Thugs, I. lxxxix; II. 277

Thú-'Năm, III. 94

Thunder, Ministry of, III. 225

Thuparâma Dagoba, III. 16

Thurston, I. 90; II. 171, 225

Tibet, I. xiii, xxiv, xxvii, xcii, 212, 238, 248; II. 17, 19, 23, 32, 82, 100, 111, 122, 127, 128, 129, 278; III. 8, 192, 199, 200, 207, 210, 214, 260, 263, 276, 278, 329, 345 sq.

Tibetan Canon, I. 276; II. 47, 57, 372-381 Chronicles, III. 211

Tibetan manuscripts, III. 192 translations, II. 74, 95, 103, 111, 280, 350, 352. See also Kanjur, Lamaism, Tanjur, Tantrism

Tibeto-Burman languages, II. 279; III. 46

Tien (Shang Ti), I. 7; III. 216

Tien-shan, III. 192

Tien-t'ai, II. 51; III. 238, 258, 261, 287, 303, 310, 311 sq., 336

T'ientsin, III. 319

Tigaria, II. 114

Ti-Kuan, III. 312

Tiladhaka, II. 17

Ti-lo-shi-ka, II. 105

Timur, I. 29

Tinnevelly, I. 26; II. 222, 237

Tipitaka. See Tripitaka

Tirokuḍḍasuttam, III. 92

Tirhut. I. 87, 113; II. 117

Tîrthankara, I. 110, 119, 343; II. 153; III. 307

Tirumalar, II. 204

Tirumangai, II. 231

Tirumurai, II. 215, 220

Tirupati, II. 240

Tiruvâçagam, I. xlv, xc; II. 215, 217, 219, 221, 232; III. 418

Tiru-vay-mori, II. 231

Tisastvustik (Turkish), III. 356

Tissak, III. 43

Tissa Moggaliputta, I. 256, 259, 261, 271

Ti-tsang, II. 18, 24; III. 221, 321, 327, 446

Titthiya school, I. 97

Tjandi Arjuno, III. 167 Bimo, III. 167 Djago, III. 159, 165, 168 Kalasan, III. 165 sq. Mendut, III. 165 Plaosan, III. 165 Sangasani, III. 168 Sari, III. 165

Tjantakaparva, III. 172

Tjitjatih River, III. 158

Toba Hung, III. 252

Toba Tao, III. 252

Todar Mall, I. 31

Toemapel, III. 158, 159, 168

Tokhâra, III. 202

Tokharian (Tokhari), III. 191, 202, 206, 213, 221

Tokmak, III. 198

Tōkyō, III. 290

Toleration, I. xcii, xciv, 158, 178

Tolo-Pu-sa, II. 17

Tomara dynasty, I. 29

Tone inflexion, III. 81

Tonkin, III. 340

Tooth (Buddha's), III. 22-28, 277

Toramâṇa, I. 25

Tortoise (incarnation), II. 147

T'oumu, II. 18

Toungco, III. 48

T'oung Pao, II. 78, 88; III. 183, 213, 217, 248, 280, 292, 297, 324, 335, 349, 350, 353, 384

Tour in search of Sanskrit manuscripts, II. 127

Towers of Fame and Victory, I. 120

Toyog, III. 189

Trade routes, I. xii, xxvi; II. 139; III. 100, 106, 155, 188, 189, 197, 203, 263, 415, 430

Trailokyasâra, III. 114

Trailokyeśvara, III. 116

Traiphûm, III. 99

Tran dynasty, III. 341

Translations of the Dhamma Sangari, I. 281

Transliteration (Chinese system), III. 300 sq.; (Tibetan system), III. 347, 377

Transmigration. See Metempsychosis, Reincarnation, Saṃsâra

Trapusha, III. 215

Travancore, I. 26; II. 147, 222

Triad, II. 23, 30, 164, 204; III. 122

Triad (Chinese Scriptures), III. 317, 327

Tribal divisions, II. 178

Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces, II. 261, 266

Trichinopoly, I. 17, 26; II. 235

Trichur, II. 207

Trika (tripartite), II. 223

Trikâya, II. 32, 84; III. 181, 388

Trilokasâra, I. 117

Trimûrti, I. 57; II. 164; III. 176, 180

Trinh, III. 341

Trinity, I, 310; III. 122, 421, 451

Tripitaka (Tipitaka), I. 51, 117, 128, 242, 258, 261, 271, 276; II. 78, 81, 84; III. 14, 51, 56, 65, 81, 83, 86, 88, 98, 217, 237, 248, 356. See Chinese Tripitaka

Triratna, III. 343

Trita, III. 425

Tritresta, III. 155

Tritsus, I. 20

True Law, the, I. 217

Trŭ̃t-Thai, III. 93

Tsa, III. 296

Tsai Hsin, III. 213

Tsai-Li, III. 319

Tsang province, III. 364

Tśangspa-dKarpo, III. 392

Tsao Tung, III. 309

Tsarma, III. 211

Tseng-i, III. 296

Tshe-Mara, III. 350

Tsi-lu (Chi-lu), III. 287

Tsin dynasty, III. 103, 104, 249, 314

Tsin (former) State, III. 250

Tsong-kha-pa, I. xxvii; III. 276, 358, 381, 388, 398

Tsui Hao, III. 252

Tsung, III. 303

Tsung-mên, III. 306, 310

Tsung-n'en-t'ung-yoao-hsu-chi, III. 307

Tsu-Shih, III. 306

Tu-Chi, III. 290

Tu Fa Shun, III. 315

Tughlak dynasty, I. 29

Tukaram, I. xc; II. 161, 244, 245, 255, 258; III. 427

Tukhara, III. 297

Tulsi Das, I. xlv, lxxv, lxxxi, xc, c; II. 150, 152, 191, 245 sq., 282

Tümed, III. 362

T'ung, III. 311

Tungabhadra, I. 30

Tun-huang, III. 189, 192, 193, 197, 210, 301, 446

Turanian invasions, I. 35

Turfan, II. 22; III. 190, 198, 200, 205 sq., 297, 356

Turiya, I. lxiii, 83

Turkestan, II. 24, 54, 56; III. 380, 458

Turki dynasties, I. 28; III. 456

Turkish, I. 20; III. 192, 215

Turkomans, I. 23

Turks, III. 198, 199

Turnour, III. 21, 25

Tusita heaven, I. 174, 261, 342; II. 7, 67; III. 20, 24, 220

Tutelary deities, III. 391 sq.

Tvashṭri, I. 57

Two visits to Tea Countries of China, III. 27

Tylor, I. 304

Tzu-An, III. 280

Tz'u-ên-tai-shih, III. 315

Tz'u-ên-tsung, III. 315

Tzu Liang, III. 253

Uccheda, II. 43

Udâna, I. 133, 157, 160, 226, 296; III. 214, 296, 372, 373

Udânavarga, III. 295

Udandapura, II. 111

Udayâdityavarman, III. 110, 119

Udayana (king), II. 85

Uddaka Râmaputta, I. 135, 136, 303, 316

Uddâlaka Aruṇi, I. 75, 81, 92; II. 308

Udeypore, III. 116

Udgâtṛi, I. 69

Udhaccam, I. 227

Udipi, II. 240

Udyâna, II. 22, 93, 96, 100, 109, 126, 127, 278; III. 213, 254, 300, 349, 398

Ugra. III. 146, 382

Ugrasena, king, III. 452

Uighur, I. 276; II. 54, 89; III. 189, 192, 198, 200, 206, 210, 215, 263, 356

Ujjain, I. 25; II. 108

Ujjeni, II. 227

Ujjhebhaka, II. 59

Ukkala, III. 50

Ukko, I. 9

Ullambana, III. 264

Umâ, II. 216, 218; III. 114, 146, 147

Umâ Haimavati, II. 277

Umâpati, II. 184, 221

Underhill, I. 136, 308; II. 275

Uniformity (Hinduism), II. 167, 177

United Provinces, I. xlviii, 87, 132; II. 108, 194

Universal Mother, II. 287 Religions, I. 123; II. 124

Upâdâna, I. 208 sq.

Upadesa Śâstra, II. 78

Upâdhis, II. 313

Upâdhyâya, III. 330

Upâgamas, II. 205

Upagupta, I. 269, 271; II. 80; III. 307

Upajjhâya, I. 244

Upaka, I. 110

Upakâraka, I. 208

Upâli, I. 155, 256, 257, 288 (abbot), III. 36

Upanishads, I. xvi, liv sq., lxxiii, lxxvii, lxxix, 20, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 51, 53, 62, 66, 72, 74 sq., 92, 104, 108, 129, 159, 192, 209, 286, 288, 297, 305, 306, 310, 331; II. 48, 74, 151, 154, 186, 187, 201, 208, 229, 232, 234, 238, 240, 270, 280, 281, 293, 305, 308, 321; III. 175, 246, 305, 462

Upapurânas, II. 285

Upâsaka, I. 249; III. 245

Upâsakadasâḥ, I. 116

Upasampadâ, I. 244; III. 328

Upatissa, I. 155

Upavasatha days, II. 104

Upekshâ, III. 173

Upendra, II. 156

Uposatha days, I. 243, 244, 250, 257, 270; III. 41, 42, 59, 63, 72, 89, 124, 130, 332, 389

Upper Chindwin, III. 53

Ural Altaic languages, I. 20

Urga, III. 360, 369, 398

Uroja, II. 147

Ursprung der Linga Kultus, II. 143

Urumtsi, III. 192, 200

Uruvelâ, I. 136, 146, 168, 257

Ushas, I. 62, 63

Ushnîsha-vijaya, III. 394

Ushṇisha-vijayâ-dhâraṇi, II. 125

utpâda, II. 43

Utpala, II. 223

Utsarpinî, I. 107

utsavavigraha, II. 173

Utśü-kän-külgan, II. 3

uttama-yâna, II. 3

Uttara, III. 50

Uttara-dhyâna, I. 111, 112

Uttarâdyayâna, I. 117; III. 439

Uttarâjîva, III. 57

Uttara Mîmâṃsâ, II. 291, 310

Uttarâpathaka, I. 261

Uvâsagadasao, I. 99, 116

Vac, II. 181

Vacanâmritam, II. 252

Vacaspatimiśra, II. 95

Vaccha, I. 230

Vadagalais, II. 163, 235 sq., 243

Vaeddhas, III. 13

Vagîśvara, II. 19

Vâgvatî mâhâtmya, II. 119

Vai-bhâshika, I. 260; II. 82, 89, 90, 102; III. 379

Vaidehî (queen), II. 30

Vaidika Karmakâṇḍa, II. 190

Vaidûrya, III. 327

Vaikhânasâgama, II. 190

Vaikuntha, II. 196 Nâtha, II. 260

Vaipulya Sûtras, II. 48, 54, 103

Vairocana, II. 19, 26, 27, 126, 198; III. 166, 172 sq., 211, 337, 350, 385, 395

Vairocana-rasmi-pratimandita, II. 27

Vaisali, I. 111, 114; II. 17

Vai-śeshika (philosophy), I. 109; II. 95, 291, 292, 304

Vaiśeshikam, III. 44

Vaishnava, Vaishnavism. See Vishnuism, Vishnuites

Vaishnavism and Saivism, II. 152, 153, 157, 202, 242, 248, 256, 262

Vaishnavite Reformers of India, II. 232, 237

Vaiśravana, III. 209, 392

Vaiśvanara, I. 57 (Agni)

Vaiśya, I. 34; III. 183 (Visias)

Vaitulya sect, III. 40, 41

Vajapeya, II. 171

Vajira, I. 190; III. 40

Vajjians, I. 161, 162, 166, 257, 258

Vajjiputta school, III. 19

Vajra, III. 122

Vajrabodhi, II. 21; III. 264, 317

Vajrâcârya, II. 119

Vajrâcârya-arhat-bhikshu-buddha, II. 119

Vajracchedikâ, II. 41; III. 191, 276, 283, 301, 374, 378 (diamond-cutter)

Vajradhara, II. 23; III. 389, 391

Vajradhâtu, III. 317

Vajragarbha, II. 55

Vajrakâya, II. 32, 123

Vajrapâni, III. 122, 391, 392

Vajrasattva, II. 23, 26, 32; III. 389, 391

Vajravarâhî, III. 394

Vajrayâna, II. 4; III. 40, 386

vâk, III. 181

Valabhî, I. 117; II. 105

Valavati, II. 15

Valentinus, III. 445

Vallabha, I. xlv; II. 230, 244, 248, 253

Vallabhâcârya, I. 42; II. 147, 176, 185, 245, 248 sq., 251, 268, 290

(De la) Vallée-Poussin, II. 9, 11, 32, 48, 85, 89, 121, 122, 315; III. 331, 373, 387

Vâlmîki, II. 246

Vâmâ-cârins, II. 283, 284 (left-handed celebrants)

Vâmadeva, II. 198

Vâmana, II. 151, 193; III. 106

Vâma Śiva, III. 119

Vâmsâvali, II. 119

Vanaprastha, I. 89

Vaṇga, II. 279

Van-mien, III. 344

Vâraha-Saṃhitâ, II. 195

Vârâhi Tantra, II. 190

Vârâmudra, II. 16

Varâna Purâṇa, II. 193

Vardhamâna, I. 105, 111, 112

Varieties of Religious Experience, I. 309; II. 161

Varna, II. 178; III. 113

Varṇapiṭaka, I. 293

Varuṇa, I. 57, 60, 88, 103; II. 28, 270

Vâsana, II. 44

Vasantotsava, II. 270

Vâsaṿadatta, II. 98

Vasco da Gama, I. 15, 31

Vasilief, II. 81, 90, 92

Vâsishka, II. 64

Vasishṭha, II. 152

Vaśitâ, III. 355

Vassa, I. 149, 245; III. 81, 90, 131, 332

Vasu, Nagendranath, II. 114

Vasubandhu, I. xxxviii, 260; II. 48, 59, 64 sq., 83 sq., 102, 123, 169, 306; III. 52, 108, 123, 157, 166, 176, 220, 285, 286, 294, 307, 315, 376

Vâsudeva, I. xliii, 24, 113; II. 64, 153, 154, 162, 180, 194 sq., 200, 228, 233, 245

Vasugupta, II. 225

Vasumitra, II. 78; III. 307

Vasus, I. 57

Vatapi, I. 26, 27, 114

vâtsalya, II. 255

Vat-si-jum, III. 84

Vaṭṭagâmani, I. 285; II. 50; III. 19, 31, 33

vaṭṭhu-vijjâ, III. 232

Vâyu, I. 63; II. 239, 240

Vâyu Purâna, I. 15; II. 187, 202

Vâyustuti, II. 241

vedanâ, I. 188

vedanîya, I. 107

Vedânta (Philosophy), I. xxxii, lii, cii, 47, 235, 302; II. 202, 208-225, 235, 268, 292 sq., 307-317 Desika, II. 195, 236, 237 Sûtras, II. 202, 208, 229, 230, 233, 238, 255, 282, 305, 314

Vedârtha Pradîpa, II. 233 Saṇgraha, II. 233

Vedas (Jain Canon), I. 117

Vedas (Vedic religion), I. xv, xxxvi, lxxiv, 3, 40, 42, 67, 77 sq., 89; II. 136 sq., 186, 202, 236, 292 sq.; III. 186, 419

Vedaśâstras, II. 67

Vedic Index, I. 134; II. 153

Vedic Rites, II. 171

Vegetation deity, II. 156

Vêmana, II. 219

Vena (king), I. 36, 88

Vengi, I. 27; III. 51, 156

Veṇhu, I. 103; II. 137 (Vishṇu)

Venkateśvara, I. 105

Vepulla (Mt.), I. 103

Verethragna, I. 63

Vernacular, literature, and language, I. xxiv, xlv, 40; II. 119, 241, 243, 244; III. 65

Vesâlî, I. 150, 159, 162 sq., 169, 254, 255, 257, 290

Vessabhû, I. 342

Vessantara, II. 10

Veth, III. 182

Veṭhadîpa, I. 169

Vetulyaka sect, I. 260, 261, 293; II. 48, 67; III. 20, 40

Vetulyas, III. 19, 32

Vibbhajavâdin sect, I. 261, 262, 276, 291, 298

Vibhangas, III. 21

Vibhâsha, II. 79, 82, 89

vibhinnâmśa, II. 255

Vibhu, III. 114

vici-kicchâ, I. 227

Vidarbha, II. 85

viddhi, III. 117

Videha, I. 36, 87, 94, 161

Vidhi, II. 195

Viḍûḍabha, I. 161

Vidya, II. 204

Vidyabhushana, Satischandra, II. 65, 94, 105, 111; III. 376

Vidyâdharis, III. 182 (widadaris)

Vidyâ-karaprabhâ, III. 379

Vidyâmâtra, III. 315

Vidyâpati, II. 244, 253

Vier philosophische Texte des Mahabharatam, II. 187

Vighnotsava, III. 172

Vihâra, I. 119, 245; II. 257; III. 149, 193, 212. See also Monasteries

Vihâro, I. 210

Vijaya, II. 149; III. 5, 12

Vijaya (Champa), III. 138 Bahu, III. 33

Vijayâditya (king), III. 116

Vijayanagar, I. xli, 19, 30, 31; II. 210, 212, 249; III. 456

Vijayapur, III. 58

Vijayasambhava (king), III. 207, 211, 212

Vijayeśvara, III. 116

Vijñâna Bhikshu, II. 303

Vijñânamâtra, III. 315

Vijñânavâdin sect, II. 37

Vikramâditya, I. 25; II. 88

Vikramaśila, II. 111, 112, 128

Vikrântavarman, III. 140, 143

Vikṛiti, II. 297

Village deities, I. 100, 103

Village Gods of Southern India, II. 213, 276

Villemereuil, III. 111

Vimalâ, II. 11

Vimalâ Dharma (I and II), III. 27, 36

Vimalakîrti Sûtra, II. 84

Vimâna vatthu, I. 280, 289

Vimar'sinî, II. 222

Vinaya, I. lxxv, 97, 129, 130, 135, 155 sq., 161, 224, 239, 241, 244, 245, 256 sq., 263, 277 sq.; II. 48, 57, 71, 72, 80, 82, 99, 102, 125; III. 21, 29, 62, 191, 285, 292, 296 sq. (Hînayâna), 322, 373

Vinaya Pattrika, II. 245 Piṭaka, III. 13, 59, 284, 373

Vinaya-vibhâsha-Sûtra, II. 78

Vindhya mountains, I. 20; II. 277

Vindhyâcal, II. 277

Vindhyeśvari (Maharânî), II. 277

Viññâṇa, I. 189, 190, 197, 198

Vipakasrutam, I. 116

Vipassanâ, I. 313; III. 131, 310

Vipassî, I. 342

Vîrabhadra, II. 140; III. 391

Vîrapura, III. 140

Vîra Śaiva Brahmans, II. 227

Virgil, I. lv

Virincivatsa, II. 87

vîrya, II. 196; III. 173, 304

Visâkhâ, I. 153, 159, 251

Vishṇu (Vishnuism), I. xxxiv sq., xl sq., lxxi, lxxiv, lxxx, 17, 36, 47, 48, 57, 103, 343 (incarnations); II. 33, 113, 115, 130, 136-165, 182, 228 sq.; III. 43 (Ceylon), 97 (Siam), 146 (Champa), 167, 173, 176 (Java), 186 (Bali), 392 (Tibet), 419

Vishṇu Buddha, III. 181

Vishṇu Dharma, II. 187, 228

Vishnuites (sects), I. 115; II. 115, 128, 140, 177 (Baishnabs), 179 sq., 186 sq., 228 sq., 242 sq.

Vishṇukarma, III. 96

Vishṇuloka, III. 114

Vishṇu Purâna, I. 218; II. 28, 146, 148, 155, 157, 186, 187, 228, 234, 306; III. 425

Vishṇu-Siva, III. 113. Cf. Harihara

Vishṇusvâmi, II. 248

Vishṇu Vardhâna, III. 159, 168

Visishtadvaita (philosophy), II. 229, 233, 234, 316 sq.

Visser, II. 24; III. 221

Visuddhi-Magga, III. 29, 30, 45

Visvaksena, II. 233

Visvamitra, I. 36

Vithalnath, II. 251

Vittala Deva, II. 233

Viṭṭhala, II. 161, 257

Vittoba, II. 161, 257

Vivâgasuyam, I. 116

vivartavâda, II. 264, 318

Vivasvat, I. 57

Viveka (king), II. 237

Vivekananda (Svâmi), I. xlvii

Viyâhapaññatti, I. 116

viyaṇga, III. 454

Vocan (Vochan inscript.), I. xxviii; III. 108, 138 sq.

Voharaka Tissa (king), III. 19

Vohâratissa, III. 40

Vrah Kamrata, III. 121

Vraḥ rûpa, III. 115

Vrah Vináśikha, III. 117

Vriddha Harita Samhitâ, II. 163

Vrikats, II. 256

Vrindâvana, II. 154

Vrishabha, II. 225

Vrishṇis (sept), II. 154, 194 sq.

Vritra, I. 59

Vritrahan, I. 63

Vṛitta-sañcaya, III. 158

Vulcan, I. 56

Vulture's Peak (sermon, etc.), I. 157; II. 29, 49, 51, 55

vyakaraṇa, II. 55

Vyâkhyâprajnâpti, I. 116

Vyâkhyâtantra, III. 377

Vyasakutas, II. 241

Vyûha, II. 196 sq.

Wachsberger, III. 194

Waddell, I. 212, 336; II. 16, 50, 128; III. 329, 347, 349, 361, 370, 371, 373, 380, 383, 389, 394, 395, 398, 400

Waguru (king), III. 66

Wahabis, III. 458

Wäinämöinen, I. 67

Waleri, III. 168

Walleser, II. 51, 74, 85, 86, 315, 373

Wan, III. 278

Wang An Shih, III. 259

Wang-Chen, III. 277

Wang Chin, III. 264

Wang dynasty, III. 337

Wang Hsüan Ts'ê, III. 260

Wang-Wei, III. 261

Wang Yang Ming, III. 272

Wan-li, III. 226, 279, 363

wănphra:, III. 92

Wan Ti, III. 289

Warren, I. 190, 212, 252, 320

Wartal, II. 175, 259

Was. See Vasso

Wassiljen, III. 283

Wăt, III. 88 Chern, III. 85 Phô, III. 97 Somarokot, III. 85

Watanabe, II. 55

Watters, I. 258; II. 15, 22, 23, 33, 51, 61, 76 sq., 80, 82 sq., 92, 126; III. 5, 21, 25, 45, 148, 156, 211, 240, 285, 300, 307, 315, 326, 453

Weber, I. 116; II. 176; III. 423

Wei, II. 171; III. 204, 206, 249, 252 sq., 257

Wei Ch'ih, III. 209

Wei-ch'ih I-sêng, III. 195

Wei-ch'ih-Po-chih-na, III. 195

Wei Hsieh, III. 242

Wei-lüeh, III. 245

Wei-shih-hsiang-chiao, III. 315

Wei-to, III. 326

Wells, H.G., I. ciii

Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, I. 236, 309

Wema Kadphises, II. 202

Wên Hsüan Ti, III. 251

Wên Shu, II. 19; III. 327

Wên-ti (Emperor), III. 252

Westcott, G.H., II. 262 sq.

Western Tsin dynasty, II. 52; III. 203, 249

Wheel of Causation, I. 49

Wheel of Life, I. 212

Wheel of Righteousness, I. 143

White Brahma, III. 392

Whitehead, II. 213, 276, 394

White Horse Monastery, III. 244, 248, 249

White Huns. See Huns

White Lotus school, III. 314, 319

White Târâ, III. 383, 394

Widow-burning (Sati, Suttee), I. lxxxviii; II. 168; III. 192

Widow's Mite, III. 437

Wiedemann, II. 122

Wieger, I. 173; II. 284, 320; III. 241, 259, 266, 267, 294, 304

Wĩhán, III. 89

Wilde, Oscar, II. 236

Williams (Monier), II. 277

Wilson, H.H., II. 155, 262

Wilwatikta, III. 160

Windisch, I. 143, 282

Winternitz, I. 134, 286; II. 55, 83, 84, 87, 118, 169, 187, 283

Wisdom, God of, II. 145

Wodeyars of Mysore, II. 226

(The) Woman of Samaria, III. 439

Women (status), I. 112, 158, 248, 251; II. 123, 160, 168, 232, 250, 251, 275 sq., 285; III. 56, 97. See also Nuns

Wong Madjapahit, III. 183

Wordsworth, I. lv

World Religion (Buddhism as), I. 177

Worship of Relics. See Relics

Wright, II. 116

Writing (art of), I. 287. See also Alphabets, Inscriptions

Wu dynasty, III. 105, 109

Wu, Empress, III. 260, 289, 315

Wu Hou, III. 260

Wu-i (Hînayânist), II. 93

Wu-K'ung, III. 199, 202, 205, 262

Wu province, III. 364

Wu-t'ai-shan, II. 20, 21; III. 221, 321

Wu-Tao-tzu, III. 242, 261, 263

Wu-Ti, I. 265; III. 105, 161, 163, 196, 203, 208, 237, 253 sq., 289, 304

Wu-Ti (Northern Chan), III. 257

Wu Tsung, III. 258, 267, 268, 273, 278

Wu-wei, II. 42

Wu-wei-chiao, III. 318

Wu-yu, III. 300

Xerxes, III. 432

Yâdavas, I. 30; II. 113, 154, 194

Yadricchâ-vâdins, I. 98

Yâjakas, III. 118, 125

Yajna, I. 63

Yajñaśrî, king, III. 102

Yâjñavalkya, I. lxxiii, 75, 79, 80, 83, 84, 93, 159, 298, 308

Yajurveda, I. 53, 93; II. 141, 277

Yäkä-külgän, II. 3

Yakkhas (Yakshas), I. 6, 102, 103; III. 13, 174, 393

Yama, I. 62, 103, 337; III. 174, 175, 225, 392

Yama (restraint), I. 305, 393

Yamaka, I. 229, 234

Yâmalas, II. 282

Yamântaka, III. 389, 391, 392

Yamdok (lake), III. 394

Yamunâ, II. 159; III. 113

Yâmunâcârya, II. 195, 232

Yâna, II. 4. Cf. Hînayâna, Mahâyâna

Yang, II. 278, 289

Yang ( = God, in Malay), III. 183

Yang-Ti, III. 289

Yang Tikuh inscript., III. 109

Yangtse, III. 255, 269

Yang-wen Hiu, III. 303

Yannur, I. 126

Yantras, II. 280

Yao Ch'a, III. 255

Yao Ch'ung, III. 262

Yao Kuang Hsiao, III. 276

Yarkand, I. xxvi, 24; II. 76; III. 200, 202, 211

Yasa, I. 134, 145, 185, 257

Yashts, II. 28

Yasna, I. 63

Yâsodâ, II. 154

Yaśodharâ, I. 174, 301

Yaśodharman (king), II. 148

Yaśomitra, II. 89

Yaśovarman, III. 115, 119

Yatis, I. 113, 119, 121

Yâtras (religious dramas), II. 230

Yava, III. 152

Yavadi, III. 153

Yavadvîpa, III. 140, 152

Yavakoṭi, III. 152

Yavanas, I. 23; II. 69

Yazawin (Chronicle), III. 65

Yellow Church, III. 358, 364, 383, 393, 398 sq.

Yen-lo, III. 225

Yenta, III. 361

Yeses, III. 366, 367

Yeses Hod, III. 352

Ye'ses-sde, III. 379

Yethas, II. 96

Yezd, I. 69

Yi-dam, II. 122, 391

Yin, II. 278

Ying Tsung, III. 277

Ying-yai-Shêng-len, III. 160

Yoe, III. 49

Yoga (philosophy), I. xlviii, 73, 201, 302 sq.; II. 128, 152, 189, 201, 202, 216, 224, 240, 291, 292, 296, 303 sq.; III. 146, 173

Yogâcâra, I. 193, 260, 303; II. 37 sq., 42, 83, 87, 88, 90, 91, 103

Yogâcâryâbhûmi śâstra, III. 213, 284, 285

Yogâchârya (Asanga's system), I. xxxix; II. 3, 306. See Asanga

Yogaddhyâna, III. 146

Yogaśâstra, III. 213

Yoga-vaśishtḥa-râmâyaṇa, II. 187

Yoginî Tantra, II. 280, 289

Yoginîs, II. 286

Yogis, I. lxv, 72, 303; II. 294

Yŏmma: rạt (Yâma), III. 96

Yonanâgarâlasanda, III. 18

Yonas, I. 268

Yo-shih-fo, III. 327

Yuan, III. 253, 311

Yuan (Annals, dynasty), III. 159, 234, 272, 273, 282, 289, 301, 310, 318, 324, 338, 357

Yuan Chwang, I. 258; II. 76; III. 5

Yuan-Jen-lu, III. 288

Yuan Tao, III. 267

Yuan Ti, III. 257

Yucatan, III. 169

Yu-Chao-En, III. 264

Yueh-chih, II. 20, 64, 109; III. 197, 201, 212, 213, 218, 248. See Kushan

Yueh-teng-san-mei-ching, II. 55

Yugas, I. 46

Yü-lau-p'en, III. 264, 332

Yule's Marco Polo, I. 305; II. 320; III. 25, 124, 277

Yunga-Chêng, III. 237

Yung-Lo, III. 276, 278, 287, 359

Yun Kang, III. 252

Yün Mên, III. 309

Yünnan, III. 46, 81, 262, 349

gYün-ston-rDo-rje-dpal, III. 357

Yü-pien, III. 300

Yü Ti, III. 228

Yūzūnembutsu sect, III. 404

Zaingganaing, III. 59

Zaotar, I. 63

Zarathustra, II. 156

Zarmanochegas, III. 431

Zedi, III. 74, 89 (chedi)

Zen, I. 233, 322; II. 46; III. 269, 306, 405

Zervan, III. 215

Zeus, I. 63

Zinda Kaliana, II. 147 Ghazi, III. 459

Zohar, the, III. 462

Zo-jo-ji Library, III. 290

Zoroaster (Zoroastrian religion), I. xv, 52, 63; II. 70, 275; III. 202, 209, 213, 216, 218 sq., 263, 419, 449 sq.

Zoroastrian Gathas, I. 51, 52 Theology, II. 275

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