Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 1 of 4: A-D) (part 5 of 6)

Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 1 of 4: A-D) (part 5 of 6)

COUNTER, kown't[.e]r, adv. against: in opposition.--adj. contrary: opposite.--n. that which is counter of opposite: (mus.) the voice-part set in immediate contrast with the air: (fencing) a parry in which one foil follows the other in a small circle: the part of a horse's breast between the shoulders and under the neck: (naut.) the part of a ship between the water-line and the knuckle of the stern.--v.t. COUNTERACT', to act counter or in opposition to: to hinder or defeat.--n. COUNTERAC'TION.--adj. COUNTERACT'IVE, tending to counteract.--n. one who or that which counteracts.--adv. COUNTERACT'IVELY.--ns. COUN'TER-AG'ENT, anything which counteracts; COUN'TER-APPROACH', a work thrown up outside a besieged place to command or check the approaches of the besieger; COUN'TER-ATTRAC'TION, attraction in an opposite direction.--adj. COUN'TER-ATTRACT'IVE, attracting in an opposite direction.--v.t. COUNTERBAL'ANCE, to balance by weight on the opposite side: to act against with equal weight, power, or influence.--ns. COUN'TERBALANCE, an equal weight, power, or agency working in opposition; COUN'TERBASE (see CONTRABASS); COUN'TER-BATT'ERY (mil.), a battery erected to oppose another; COUN'TER-BLAST, something done in opposition to another thing; COUN'TER-BOND, a bond to protect from contingent loss one who has given bond for another.--v.t. COUN'TER-BRACE (naut.), to brace or fasten (the head-yards and after-yards) in opposite ways.--n. the lee-brace of the fore-topsail-yard.--n. COUN'TERBUFF, a stroke that stops motion or causes a recoil.--v.t. to drive back by such.--ns. COUN'TER-CAST (Spens.), a contrary cast, counterplot, trick; COUN'TER-CAST'ER (Shak.), one who casts accounts: a book-keeper--used in contempt; COUN'TER-CHANGE, (Shak.), exchange, reciprocation.--p.adj. COUN'TERCHANGED', exchanged: (her.) intermixed or set one against the other, as the colours of the field and charge.--n. COUN'TER-CHARGE, a charge brought forward in opposition to another charge.--v.t. COUN'TERCHARM, to destroy or dissolve the effects of another charm.--n. that which destroys the effects of another charm.--v.t. COUN'TER-CHECK, to check by some obstacle: to rebuke.--ns. COUNTER-CHECK', a check in opposition to another: a rebuke; COUNTER-CLAIM, kown't[.e]r-kl[=a]m, n. a cross-demand brought forward as a partial or complete set-off against another claim.; COUN'TER-CURR'ENT, a current flowing in an opposite direction; COUN'TER-DRAIN, a drain alongside a canal, &c., to carry off water oozing out.--v.t. COUN'TERDRAW, to trace on oiled paper or other transparent material.--ns. COUN'TER-EV'IDENCE, evidence brought forward in opposition to other evidence; COUN'TERFOIL, the corresponding part of a bank cheque, &c., retained by the giver; COUN'TER-FORCE, an opposing force; COUN'TER-FORT (fort.), a buttress, or arch behind the revetments or retaining walls of the ditches of permanent fortifications; COUN'TER-GAUGE, an adjustable scribing gauge for marking the measurements of a mortise on a piece to be tenoned; COUN'TER-GUARD (fort.), an outwork consisting of two lines of rampart running parallel to the faces of the bastion, to guard the bastion from being breached; COUN'TER-IN'FLUENCE, an opposing influence; COUN'TER-IRR'ITANT, an agent or substance applied to the skin so as to redden, to vesicate, or to produce pustules, &c.; COUN'TER-IRRIT[=A]'TION, an artificial irritation produced in one part of the body to act in opposition to and remove already existing irritation; COUN'TERLIGHT (paint.), a light opposite to any object, disturbing the effect of its light.--v.i. COUN'TERMARCH, to march back or in a direction contrary to a former one.--n. a marching backward or in a direction different from a former one: (mil.) an evolution by which a body of men change front, and still retain the same men in the front rank: change of measures.--n. COUN'TERMARK, an additional mark put on a bale of goods belonging to several merchants, so that it may not be opened except in the presence of all the owners: a mark put on standard metal by the London Goldsmiths' Company in addition to the artificer's: an artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses to disguise their age.--v.t. COUN'TERMINE, to make a mine in opposition to: to oppose by means of a countermine: (fig.) to frustrate by secret working:--pr.p. countermin'ing; pa.p. countermined'.--ns. COUN'TER-MINE (mil.), a mine or chamber excavated by the besieged to counteract or destroy the mines made by the besiegers: (fig.) any means of counteraction; COUN'TER-M[=O]'TION, an opposite motion; COUN'TER-MOVE, -MOVE'MENT, a contrary move, movement.--v.t. COUN'TERMURE, to fortify a wall with another wall.--ns. COUN'TER-[=O]'PENING, an aperture or vent on the opposite side, or in a different place; COUN'TER-PACE, a step in opposition to another, a contrary measure.--adj. COUN'TER-PALED (her.), divided equally, as an escutcheon, first palewise, then by a line fesswise, with two tinctures countercharged.--ns. COUN'TER-PAROLE', a word in addition to the password; COUN'TERPART, the part that answers to another part: that which fits into or completes another, having the qualities which another lacks, and so an opposite.--adj. COUN'TER-PASS'ANT (her.), denoting two animals in a coat of arms represented as passing each other the contrary way.--n. COUN'TERPLEA, a replication to a plea or request.--v.t. COUNTERPLEAD', to plead the contrary of; COUN'TERPLOT', to plot against in order to frustrate another plot:--pr.p. counterplot'ting; pa.p. counterplot'ted.--n. a plot or stratagem opposed to another plot.--v.t. COUN'TERPOISE, to poise or weigh against or on the opposite side: to act in opposition to with equal effect.--n. an equally heavy weight in the other scale--(Spens.) COUN'TERPOYS.--ns. COUN'TER-POIS'ON, a poison used as the antidote of another; COUN'TER-PRES'SURE, opposing pressure; COUN'TER-PROOF, an inverted impression obtained from a newly printed proof of an engraving, by laying it, while the ink is still wet, upon plain paper, and passing it through the press; COUN'TER-REVOL[=U]'TION, a subsequent revolution counteracting the effect of a previous; COUN'TER-ROLL, a copy of the rolls relating to appeals, inquests, &c., serving as a check on another's roll; COUN'TER-ROUND, a body of officers which goes to inspect the rounds.--adj. COUN'TERS[=A]'LIENT (her.), salient in opposite directions.--n. COUN'TERSCARP (fort.), the side of the ditch nearest to the besiegers and opposite to the scarp.--v.t. COUNTERSEAL' (Shak.), to seal along with others.--ns. COUN'TER-SECUR'ITY, security given to one who has become surety for another; COUN'TER-SENSE, an interpretation contrary to the real sense.--v.t. COUNTERSIGN', to sign on the opposite side of a writing: to sign in addition to the signature of a superior, to attest the authenticity of a writing.--ns. COUN'TERSIGN, a military private sign or word, which must be given in order to pass a sentry: a counter-signature; COUN'TER-SIG'NAL, a signal used as an answer [Illustration] to another; COUN'TER-SIG'NATURE, a name countersigned to a writing.--v.t. COUN'TERSINK, to bevel the edge of a hole, as for the head of a screw-nail (a a in fig.)--it is usually done by a COUNTERSINK-BIT (b in fig.) in a brace.--ns. COUN'TER-STAND, opposition, resistance; COUN'TER-STATE'MENT, a statement in opposition to another statement; COUN'TER-STROKE (Spens.), a stroke given in return for another stroke; COUN'TER-TAL'LY, a tally serving as a check to another; COUN'TER-TEN'OR, name applied to alto when sung by a male voice (so called because a contrast to tenor); COUN'TER-TIME, the resistance of a horse that interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manège: resistance, opposition; COUN'TERTURN, a turn in a play different from what was expected.--v.t. COUNTERVAIL', to be of avail against: to act against with equal effect: to be of equal value to: to compensate [COUNTER and AVAIL].--n. COUN'TER-VIEW, an opposing view: a posture in which two persons face each other: opposition: contrast.--v.t. COUN'TER-VOTE, to vote in opposition to; COUN'TER-WEIGH, to weigh against, counterbalance.--ns. COUN'TER-WEIGHT, a weight in an opposite scale.--v.i. COUN'TER-WHEEL, to wheel in an opposite direction.--n. COUN'TER-WORK, a work raised in opposition to another.--v.t. to work in opposition to.--p.adj. COUN'TER-WROUGHT. [Fr.,--L. contra, against.]

COUNTER, kown't[.e]r, n. (Spens.) encounter.--v.t. to encounter: to contradict.

COUNTERFEIT, kown't[.e]r-fit, -f[=e]t, v.t. to imitate: to copy without authority: to forge.--n. something false or copied, or that pretends to be true and original.--adj. pretended: made in imitation of: forged: false.--n. COUN'TERFEITER, one who counterfeits.--adv. COUN'TERFEITLY, in a counterfeit manner: falsely.--n. COUN'TER-FES'ANCE (Spens.), act of counterfeiting: forgery. [O. Fr. contrefet, from contrefaire, to imitate--L. contra, against, fac[)e]re, to do.]

COUNTERMAND, kown-t[.e]r-mand', v.t. to give a command in opposition to one already given: to revoke.--n. a revocation of a former order.--adj. COUNTERMAND'ABLE. [O. Fr. contremander--L. contra, against, and mand[=a]re, to order.]

COUNTERPANE, kown't[.e]r-p[=a]n, n. a coverlet for a bed, stitched or woven in squares.--Older form COUN'TERPOINT. [A corr. of O. Fr. contrepointe, which is a corr. of coultepointe--L. culcita puncta, a stitched pillow or cover. See QUILT.]

COUNTERPOINT, kown't[.e]r-point, n. (mus.) the art of combining melodies: the setting of a harmony of one or more parts to a melody: the art of composition.--adj. CONTRAPUNT'AL.--n. CONTRAPUNT'IST. [Fr.,--contre, against, point, a point.]

COUNTRY, kun'tri, n. a rural region as distinct from a town: a tract of land: the land in which one was born, or in which one resides.--adj. belonging to the country: rustic: rude.--p.adj. COUN'TRIFIED.--v.t. COUN'TRIFY, to make rustic.--ns. COUN'TRY-BOX, a country-house; COUN'TRY-DANCE, a dance practised by country people: a dance in which an indefinite number of couples can take part, the gentlemen being arranged at the commencement on one side, and the ladies on the other.--n.pl. COUN'TRY-FOLK, the inhabitants of the country.--ns. COUN'TRY-HOUSE, -SEAT, the residence of a country gentleman; COUN'TRYMAN, one who lives in the country: a farmer: one born in the same country with another; COUN'TRY-SIDE, a district or part of the country; COUN'TRY-WOMAN, a woman who dwells in the country: a woman born in the same country.--COUNTRY COUSIN, a relative from the country, unaccustomed to town sights or manners; COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, a landed proprietor who resides on his estate in the country; COUNTRY TOWN, a small town in a rural district, depending on the agricultural industry of the surrounding country.--GO TO THE COUNTRY, in parliamentary usage, to appeal to the feeling of the community by a general election. [O. Fr., contrée--Low L. contrata, contrada, an extension of L. contra, over against.]

COUNTY. See COUNT (1).

COUP, k[=oo], n. a blow, stroke, a successful hit: (billiards) the act of putting a ball in a pocket without having hit another ball.--COUP D'ÉTAT, a sudden or violent stroke of state policy, as that by which Louis Napoleon subverted the constitution (Dec. 2, 1851); COUP DE GRÂCE, the finishing blow by which a tortured man is put out of pain, any decisive stroke generally; COUP DE MAIN, a sudden and overpowering attack; COUP DE MAÎTRE, a master-stroke; COUP DE THÉÂTRE, a sudden and sensational turn in a piece: COUP D'OEIL, a general view of a scene or subject taken in at a glance. [Fr.,--L.,--colaphos, a blow.]

COUP, kowp, v.t. to exchange or barter.--n. COUP'ER, a dealer. [Scot., from Ice., kaupa, to buy.]

COUP, kowp, v.t. to overturn. [Scot.; perh. originally the same word as COPE.]

COUPÉ, k[=oo]-p[=a], n. the front part of a French stagecoach: a four-wheeled carriage seated for two inside, with a separate seat for the driver: the front compartment of a railway carriage.--adj. COUPED (her.), cut evenly off, as the head or limb of an animal. [Fr. couper, to cut.]

COUPEE, koo-p[=e]', n. in dancing, a salute to a partner, while resting on one foot and swinging the other backward or forward. [Fr.,--couper, to cut.]

COUPLE, kup'l, n. that which joins two things together: two of a kind joined together, or connected: two: one pair at a dance: a pair: esp. of married or betrothed persons: (statics) a pair of equal forces acting on the same body in opposite and parallel directions.--v.t. to join together.--v.i. to pair sexually.--ns. COUP'LEMENT, union: a couple; COUP'LER, one who or that which couples or unites; COUP'LET, two lines of verse that rhyme with each other; COUP'LING, that which connects, an appliance for transmitting motion in machinery; COUP'LING-BOX, the box or ring of metal connecting the contiguous ends of two lengths of shafts; COUP'LING-PIN, a pin or bolt used in coupling machinery.--adj. WELL-COUPLED, of a horse, well formed at the part where the back joins the rump. [O. Fr. cople--L. copula.]

COUPON, k[=oo]'pong, n. a billet, check, or other slip of paper cut off from its counterpart: one of a series of tickets which are vouchers that certain payments will be made or services be performed, at various times or places, in consideration of money paid: a dividend or interest warrant presented for payment by holders of debentures. [Fr.,--couper, to cut off.]

COUPURE, koo-p[=u]r', n. an entrenchment made by the besieged behind a breach: a passage cut to facilitate sallies. [Fr.,--couper, to cut.]

COURAGE, kur'[=a]j, n. the quality that enables men to meet dangers without fear: bravery: spirit.--interj. take courage!--adj. COUR[=A]'GEOUS, full of courage: brave.--adv. COUR[=A]'GEOUSLY.--n. COUR[=A]'GEOUSNESS.--DUTCH COURAGE, a fictitious courage induced by drinking; PLUCK UP ONE'S COURAGE, to nerve one's self to something daring; THE COURAGE OF ONE'S CONVICTIONS, courage to act up to or consistently with one's opinions. [O. Fr. corage (Fr. courage), from L. cor, the heart.]

COURANT, k[=oo]-ränt', adj. (her.) in a running attitude.--ns. COURANTE', COURANT', an old dance with a kind of gliding step. [See CURRENT.]

COURAP, koo-rap', n. an itching skin disease, common in India, with eruptions on face, breast, groin, &c.

COURB, k[=oo]rb, v.i. (Shak.) to bend, stoop to supplicate.--adj. (Shak.) bent. [Fr.,--L. curv[=a]re, to bend.]

COURBARIL, koor'ba-ril, n. gum animé.

COURBETTE. Same as CURVET. [Fr.,--It. corvetta.]

COURE, obsolete form of COWER.

COURIER, k[=oo]'ri-[.e]r, n. a runner: a messenger: a state messenger: a travelling attendant: a frequent title of newspapers. [Fr.,--L. curr[)e]re, to run.]

COURSE, k[=o]rs, n. the act of running: the road or tract on which one runs: the direction pursued: a voyage: a race: regular progress from point to point: habitual method of procedure: a prescribed series, as of lectures, &c.: each of the successive divisions of a meal, as dinner: conduct: a range of bricks or stones on the same level in building: (naut.) one of the sails bent to a ship's lower yards, as the main-sail, called the main-course, the fore-sail or fore-course, and the cross-jack or mizzen-course: (pl.) the menses.--v.t. to run, chase, or hunt after.--v.i. to move with speed, as in a race or hunt.--ns. COURS'ER, a runner: a swift horse: one who courses or hunts; COURS'ING, hunting with greyhounds; COURS'ING-JOINT, a joint between two courses of masonry.--IN COURSE, in regular order: (coll.) of course; OF COURSE, by natural consequence, or by settled rule. [Fr. cours--L. cursus, from curr[)e]re, cursum, to run.]

COURT, k[=o]rt, n. a space enclosed: a space surrounded by houses: the palace of a sovereign: the body of persons who form his suite or council: attention: civility, as 'to pay court:' (law) the hall of justice; the judges and officials who preside there: any body of persons assembled to decide causes, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical.--v.t. to pay attentions to: to woo: to solicit: to seek.--ns. COURT'-BAR'ON, the assembly of freehold tenants of a manor under a lord; COURT'-CARD (see COAT-CARD); COURT'-CUP'BOARD (Shak.), a movable cupboard or sideboard on which plate was displayed; COURT'-DAY, a day on which a judicial court sits; COURT'-DRESS, the special regulation costume worn on state or ceremonious occasions; COURT'-DRESS'ER, a flatterer.--adj. COURTEOUS (kurt'yus), of court-like manners: polite: respectful: obliging.--adv. COURTEOUSLY (kurt'-).--ns. COURTEOUSNESS, (kurt'-); COURT'-FOOL, a fool or jester, formerly kept at court for amusement; COURT'-GUIDE, a guide to, or directory of, the names and residences of the nobility in a town; COURT'-HAND, a modification of the Norman handwriting, as distinguished from the modern or Italian handwriting, in use in the English law-courts from the 16th century to the reign of George II.; COURT'-HOUSE, a building where the law-courts are held; COURT'IER, one who frequents courts or palaces: one who courts or flatters; COURT'IERISM, the behaviour or practices of a courtier.--adv. COURT'IERLY.--ns. COURT'ING, paying addresses to a woman, wooing; (Spens.) attendance at court; COURT'-LEET, a court of record held in a manor before the lord or his steward; COURT'LET, a petty court.--adj. COURT'-LIKE, courtly: polite.--ns. COURT'LINESS; COURT'LING, a hanger-on at court.--adj. COURT'LY, having manners like those at a court: elegant.--ns. COURT'-MAR'TIAL, a court held by officers of the army or navy for the trial of offences against military or naval laws:--pl. COURTS'-MAR'TIAL; one improvised in time of war round an upturned drum for summary judgment is a DRUMHEAD COURT-MARTIAL; COURT'-PLAS'TER, sticking-plaster made of silk, originally applied as patches on the face by ladies at court; COURT'-ROLL, the record of a court of justice; COURT'SHIP, courtly behaviour: the act of wooing with intention to marry; COURT'-SWORD, a light dress-sword worn as part of court-dress; COURT'YARD, a court or enclosed ground before a house.--COURT HOLY WATER, empty compliments: (obs.) flattery. [O. Fr. cort (Fr. cour)--Low L. cortis, a courtyard--L. cors, cohors, an enclosure; akin to Gr. chortos, an enclosed place, L. hortus, a garden. See YARD.]

COURTESAN, -ZAN, k[=o]rt'e-zan, or kurt'e-zan, n. a court-mistress: a woman of the town, a whore. [Fr.,--It. cortigiana.]

COURTESY, kort'e-si, or kurt'e-si, n. courtliness: elegance of manner: an act of civility or respect: a curtsy: (law) the life interest which the surviving husband has in the real or heritable estate of his wife.--v.i. to make a curtsy.--pr.p. court'esying; pa.p. court'esied.--n.pl. COURT'ESY-T[=I]'TLES, titles really invalid, but allowed by the usage of society--as to children of peers. [O. Fr. courtoisie.]

COUSCOUS, kus'kus, n. an African dish of granulated flour steamed over broth. [Ar. kuskus.]

COUSIN, kuz'n, n. formerly a kinsman generally; now, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt: a term used by a sovereign in addressing another, or to one of his own noblemen: something kindred or related to another.--ns. COUS'IN-GER'MAN, a first cousin: something closely related; COUS'INHOOD, COUS'INSHIP.--adj. COUS'INLY, like, or having the relation of, a cousin.--n. COUS'INRY, cousins collectively.--FIRST COUSINS, children of brothers and sisters--also called Cousins-german, Full cousins; FIRST COUSIN ONCE REMOVED, the son or daughter of a cousin-german--sometimes loosely called Second cousin; SECOND COUSINS, the children of first cousins. [Fr.,--L. consobrinus--con, sig. connection, and sobrinus for sororinus, applied to the children of sisters--soror, a sister.]

COUTEAU, koo-t[=o]', n. a large knife.--COUTEAU DE CHASSE, a hunting-knife. [Fr.]

COUTER, k[=oo]'t[.e]r, n. (slang) a sovereign. [Said to be from Gipsy cuta, a gold piece.]

COUTH, k[=oo]th (Spens.), obsolete pa.t. of CAN. [See COULD.]

COUTHIE, k[=oo]th'i, adj. friendly, kindly. [Scot.]

COUVADE, k[=oo]-väd', n. a custom among savages in many parts of the world for the father to take to his bed at the birth of a child, and submit to certain restrictions of food, &c. [Erroneously attributed to the Basques; the O. Fr. couvade, from couver, to hatch, never having had this special meaning.]

COVE, k[=o]v, n. a small inlet of the sea: a bay: a cavern or rocky recess: (archit.) a concave arch or vault.--v.t. to overarch, and thus form a hollow.--adj. COVED, formed with an arch.--n. COVE'LET, a small cove. [A.S. cófa, a room; Ice. kofi, Ger. koben.]

COVE, k[=o]v, n. (slang) a fellow, a customer:--fem. COV'ESS--dim. COV'EY. [Prob. conn. with CHAP.]

COVEN, k[=o]v'en, n. a muster of witches.--n. COV'ENTREE, a point of muster before a Scottish mansion.

COVENANT, kuv'e-nant, n. a mutual agreement: the writing containing the agreement: an engagement entered into between God and a person or a people--the Old Covenant, the Jewish dispensation; the New Covenant, the new relation to God opened up by Jesus Christ.--v.i. to enter into an agreement: to contract or bargain.--n. COV'ENANT-BREAK'ER, one who violates a covenant.--adj. COV'ENANTED, holding a position under a covenant or contract.--ns. COVENANTEE', the person to whom a covenant is made; COV'ENANTER (usually in Scot. COVENANT'ER), one who signed or adhered to the Scottish National Covenant of 1638--the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643 was in effect an international treaty between Scotland and England for securing civil and religious liberty; COV'ENANTOR, that party to a covenant who subjects himself to the penalty of its breach.--COVENANT OF GRACE, REDEMPTION, that by which life is freely offered to sinners on condition of faith in Christ; COVENANT OF WORKS, that made with Adam as federal representative of the human race on condition of obedience. [O. Fr.,--L. con, together, and ven[=i]re, to come.]

COVENT, kov'ent, n. (Shak.) a convent.

COVENTRY, kuv'ent-ri, n.--in phrase, TO SEND TO COVENTRY = to shut a man out of any special society.

COVER, kuv'[.e]r, v.t. to hide: to clothe: to extend over: to brood or sit on: to be sufficient for: to protect: to table a coin of equal value in wagering: to copulate with--esp. of a stallion: to screen: to aim directly at.--v.i. to spread over so as to conceal something: to lay a table for a meal: to put one's hat on.--n. that which protects: undergrowth, thicket, concealing game, &c.: the table requisites for one person--plate, knife, fork, napkin, &c.: deceitfulness: a swindler's confederate.--adj. COV'ERED, intended or used for shelter or concealment: roofed over: with the hat on.--ns. COVER'ED-WAY; COV'ERT-WAY (fort.), a path about thirty feet wide outside the ditch of a fort, and so far sunk below the crest of the glacis as to afford cover or shelter to the soldiers; COVER'ING, anything that covers.--adj. COV'ERT, covered: concealed: secret.--n. a place that covers or affords protection.--ns. COV'ERT-COAT, a short light overcoat; COV'ERT-COAT'ING, cloth for such.--adv. COV'ERTLY, in a covered or concealed manner.--n. COV'ERTURE, covering, shelter: (law) the condition of a married woman as legally under the protection of her husband.--COVER INTO, to transfer into; COVER SHORTS, to buy in such stocks as have been sold short, in order to meet one's engagements, &c.; COVER THE BUCKLE, to execute a difficult step in dancing. [Fr. couvrir (It. coprire)--L. co-oper[=i]re--con, and oper[=i]re, to cover.]

COVERLET, kuv'[.e]r-let, n. a bedcover.--Also COV'ERLID. [Fr. couvrelit, couvre, lit--L. lectum, a bed.]

COVET, kuv'et, v.t. to desire or wish for eagerly: to wish for what is unlawful.--v.i. to desire (with for).--adjs. COV'ETABLE; COV'ETED.--adv. COV'ETINGLY.--ns. COV'ETISE (obs.), covetousness: ardent desire; COV'ETIVENESS (obs.), acquisitiveness.--adj. COV'ETOUS, inordinately desirous: avaricious.--adv. COV'ETOUSLY.--n. COV'ETOUSNESS. [O. Fr. coveiter (Fr. convoiter)--L. cupiditat-em--cup[)e]re, to desire.]

COVEY, kuv'i, n. a brood or hatch of partridges: a small flock of birds--said of game: a party, a set. [O. Fr. covée--L. cub[=a]re, to lie down.]

COVIN, kuv'in, n. a compact: a conspiracy.--adjs. COV'INOUS, COV'ENOUS, deceitful. [O. Fr. covin--Late L. convenium--L. convena, a meeting--con, together, ven[=i]re, to come.]

COVING, k[=o]'ving, n. the projection of upper stories over lower: the vertical sides connecting the jambs with the breast of a fireplace. [See COVE.]

COW, kow, n. the female of the bovine animals: the female of certain other animals, as the elephant, &c.--older plurals, Kine and Kye, the latter now only Scotch.--ns. COW'-BANE, the water-hemlock, often destructive to cattle; COW'-BERR'Y, the red whortleberry; COW'-BIRD, -BUNT'ING, an American starling which accompanies cattle, and drops its eggs into other birds' nests; COW'-BOY, a boy who has the care of cows: (U.S.) a man who has the charge of cattle on a ranch; COW'-CALF, a female calf; COW'-CATCH'ER (U.S.), an apparatus on the front of railway engines to throw off obstacles; COW'-CHER'VIL, -PARS'LEY, -WEED, an umbelliferous European plant of the hedges and woods; COW'FEEDER, a dairyman, cowherd; COW'-GRASS, the zigzag clover: a variety of red clover; COW'-HEEL, an ox-foot stewed to a jelly; COW'HERD, one who herds cows; COW'HIDE, the hide of a cow: the hide of a cow made into leather: a coarse whip made of twisted strips of cowhide.--v.t. to whip with a cowhide.--n. COW'-HOUSE, a place in which cows are stalled, a byre.--adj. COW'ISH, like a cow: (Shak.) cowardly.--ns. COW'-LEECH, a cow-doctor; COW'LICK, a tuft of turned-up hair on the forehead; COW'-PARS'NIP, an umbelliferous plant, used as food for hogs and cattle; COW'-PLANT, a perennial plant of Ceylon, with a milky juice; COW'-POX, a disease which appears in pimples on the teats of the cow, the matter thereof used for vaccination; COW'-TREE, a South American tree that produces a nourishing fluid resembling milk; COW'-WHEAT, a genus of annual plants, with yellow flowers and seeds somewhat like grains of wheat. [A.S. cú, pl. cý; Ger. kuh; Sans. go.]

COW, kow, v.t. to subdue: keep under: to dishearten.--adjs. COWED, depressed; COW'ISH (Shak.), easily cowed, timorous: mean. [Perh. from Ice. kúga; Dan. kue, to subdue.]

COWAN, kow'an, n. (Scot.) a mason who never served an apprenticeship: one who tries to enter a mason's lodge, or the like, surreptitiously.

COWARD, kow'ard, n. a faint-hearted person: one without courage.--v.t. to intimidate.--adjs. COW'ARD, COW'ARDLY, afraid of danger: timid: mean.--ns. COW'ARDICE, want of courage: timidity.--COW'ARDREE (Spens.); COW'ARDLINESS.--adv. COW'ARDLY.--n. COW'ARDSHIP (Shak.), the quality of being a coward. [O. Fr. couard (It. codardo)--L. cauda, a tail.]

COWDIE-GUM, -PINE; COWRIE-PINE. See KAURI.

COWER, kow'er, v.i. to sink down through fear, &c.: to crouch, for protection or in fear.--adv. COW'ERINGLY. [Cf. Ice. kúra, Dan. kure, to lie quiet.]

COWHAGE, kow'[=a]j, n. the hairs of the pods of a tropical climbing plant of the bean family, administered as a mechanical vermifuge, the pods themselves or the plant. [Hind. kaw[=a]nch, ko[=a]nch.]

COWL, kowl, n. a cap or hood: a monk's hood: the badge of monkhood: a monk: a cover for a chimney.--v.t. to make a monk of: to cover like a cowl.--adj. COWLED, wearing a cowl. [A.S. cufle; Ice. cofl; akin to L. cucullus, hood.]

COWL-STAFF, kowl'-staf, n. (Shak.) a staff or pole on which a basket or vessel is supported between two persons. [O. Fr. cuvele--L. cupella, dim. of cupa, a cask, and staff.]

COWRIE, COWRY, kow'ri, n. a large genus of Gasteropods, including over a hundred species, some of which are familiar as decorative objects, and as a medium of exchange with uncivilised peoples. [Hindi kaur[=i].]

COWSLIP, kow'slip, n. a beautiful and fragrant species of primrose, common in English pastures.--adj. COW'SLIP'D, covered with cowslips. [A.S. cú, cow, slyppe, perh. cow-dung.]

COXCOMB, koks'k[=o]m, n. a strip of red cloth notched like a cock's comb, which professional fools used to wear: a fool: a fop.--adjs. COXCOM'BICAL, COXCOM'ICAL, foppish: vain.--n. COXCOMBICAL'ITY.--adv. COXCOM'BICALLY.--n. COX'COMBRY, the manner of a coxcomb. [COCKSCOMB.]

COXINESS, koks'i-nes, n. state of being cocksy, bumptiousness.

COXSWAIN, COCKSWAIN, kok'sw[=a]n, or kok'sn, n. a seaman who steers a boat, and under the superior officer takes charge of it. [COCK, a boat, and SWAIN.]

COY, koy, adj. modest: bashful: shy.--v.t. (Shak.) to caress: (Shak.) to disdain.--adj. COY'ISH, somewhat coy.--adv. COY'ISHLY.--n. COY'ISHNESS.--adv. COY'LY.--n. COY'NESS. [Fr. coi--L. quietus, quiet.]

COYOTE, ko-y[=o]t'e, n. a prairie wolf, abundant in Mexico and Texas. [Mex. coyotl.]

COYPU, koi'p[=oo], n. a large rodent in the porcupine section of the order, common in South America--living in burrows near water, feeding on aquatic plants. [Native name.]

COYSTREL, COYSTRIL. Same as COISTRIL.

COZ, kuz, n. a contraction of COUSIN.

COZE, k[=o]z, n. (Jane Austen) a cosy chat.

COZEN, kuz'n, v.t. to flatter: to cheat.--ns. COZ'ENAGE, the practice of cheating: deceit; COZ'ENER. [Perh. from Fr. cousiner, to claim kindred for one's own advantage, play the parasite--cousin, a cousin.]

COZIER, COSIER, k[=o]'zi-[.e]r, n. a cobbler. [O. Fr. cousere--L. consu[)e]re, to sew together.]

COZY. See COSY.

CRAB, krab, n. a popular name applied to any of the short-tailed division of decapod crustaceans: a sign in the zodiac: a portable winch: a sour-tempered person: the lowest throw at hazard--two aces.--adj. CRABB'ED, ill-natured: harsh: rough: difficult, perplexing.--adv. CRABB'EDLY.--n. CRABB'EDNESS.--adj. CRAB'-FACED, having a sour, peevish countenance.--n. CRAB'ITE, a fossil crab or crayfish.--adj. CRAB'-LIKE, moving like a crab.--n. CRAB'-LOUSE, a crab-shaped louse infesting the hair of the pubis, &c.--n.pl. CRAB'S'-EYES, the scarlet seeds of an East Indian bead-tree: a concretion of carbonate of lime in the stomach of the cray-fish.--v.i. CRAB'-S[=I]'DLE, to go sideways like a crab.--n.pl. CRAB'-YAWS, a name applied to the tumours of framboesia on the soles and palms.--CATCH A CRAB, in rowing, to sink the oar too deeply in the water: to miss the water altogether in making the stroke. [A.S. crabba; Ger. krabbe.]

CRAB, krab, CRAB-APPLE, krab'-ap-l, n. a wild bitter apple.--ns. CRAB'-STICK, a stick made out of the crab-tree; CRAB'-TREE, the tree that bears crab-apples.--adj. like a crab-tree, crooked. [Perh. conn. with CRABBED.]

CRAB-OIL, CRAB-WOOD. See CARAPA.

CRABRO, kr[=a]'br[=o], n. the typical genus of Crabronidæ, a family of fossorial hymenopters: a hornet. [L.]

CRACK, krak, v.i. to utter a sharp sudden sound: to split: to boast: to chat.--v.t. to produce a sudden noise: to break into chinks: to split: to break partially or wholly: to open (a bottle).--n. a sudden sharp splitting sound: a chink: a flaw: a blow, a smack: friendly chat: (slang) housebreaking: a craze: one who has a craze: a pert boy.--adj. (coll.) excellent.--n. CRACK'-BRAIN, a crazy person.--adjs. CRACK'-BRAINED; CRACKED, rent: damaged: crazy.--ns. CRACK'ER, one who or that which cracks: a boaster, a lie: the pin-tail duck: (U.S.) a thin crisp biscuit: a bonbon, or a small firework, exploding when pulled asunder: (U.S.) a poor white; CRACK'-HALT'ER, CRACK'-HEMP (Shak.), CRACK'-ROPE, one likely to be hanged.--adj. CRACK'-JAW, of a word, hard to pronounce.--ns. CRACKS'MAN, a burglar; CRACK'-TRYST, one who breaks an engagement.--CRACK CREDIT, to destroy one's credit; CRACK TRYST, to break an engagement; CRACK UP, to praise. [A.S. cracian, to crack; cf. Dut. kraken, Gael. crac.]

CRACK, krak, n. (Scot.) a moment, an instant.

CRACKLE, krak'l, v.i. to give out slight but frequent cracks.--n. the giving out of slight cracks.--ns. CRACK'LIN, a kind of china-ware, purposely cracked in the kiln as an ornament; CRACK'LING, the rind of roast pork: (pl.) skinny parts of suet without tallow: three stripes of velvet worn on the sleeves of students at St John's College, Cambridge.--adj. CRACK'LY, brittle.--n. CRACK'NEL, a light, brittle biscuit: (pl.) pieces of fat pork fried crisp.

CRACOVIAN, kra-k[=o]'vi-an, adj. pertaining to Cracow.--ns. CRACOVIENNE', a graceful Polish dance, resembling the mazourka: the music for such; CRAC'OWE, a long-toed boot fashionable under Richard II.

CRADLE, kr[=a]'dl, n. a bed or crib in which children are rocked: (fig.) infancy: the place where one is born and brought up: a frame in which anything is imbedded: a case for a broken limb: a frame under a ship for launching it: a box on rockers for washing auriferous dirt.--v.t. to lay or rock in a cradle: to nurture.--adj. CR[=A]'DLED, laid in a cradle.--ns. CR[=A]'DLE-SCYTHE, a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting grain; CR[=A]'DLE-WALK, an avenue arched over with trees; CR[=A]'DLING.--FROM THE CRADLE, from birth, from the first. [A.S. cradol; ety. obscure.]

CRAFT, kraft, n. cunning: artifice: dexterity: art: trade: occupation: small ships.--v.i. to exercise one's craft (Shak., Cor., IV. vi. 118).--adv. CRAFT'ILY.--n. CRAFT'INESS.--adj. CRAFT'LESS, free from craft.--ns. CRAFTS'MAN, one engaged in a craft; CRAFTS'MANSHIP, CRAFT'MANSHIP; CRAFTS'MASTER, one skilled in a craft.--adj. CRAFT'Y, having skill: cunning: deceitful. [A.S. cræft; Ger. kraft, power.]

CRAG, krag, n. a rough steep rock or point: (geol.) a bed of gravel mixed with shells.--adjs. CRAG'GED, CRAG'GY, full of crags or broken rocks: rough: rugged.--ns. CRAG'GEDNESS, CRAG'GINESS; CRAGS'MAN, one skilled in climbing rocks. [W. craig, a rock, car-eg, a stone; Gael. creag, carraig.]

CRAG, CRAGGE, krag, n. the neck.--Scotch forms, CRAIG, CRAIG'IE. [Cf. Dut. kraag, Ger. kragen, the neck.]

CRAKE, kr[=a]k, v.i. to utter a cry like a crow, &c.--n. CRAKE'-BERR'Y, the crow-berry.

CRAKE, kr[=a]k, n. a crow, raven, corncrake: (obs.) a boast. [See CORNCRAKE.]

CRAM, kram, v.t. to press close: to stuff: to fill to superfluity: (slang) to make believe false or exaggerated tales: to teach for a special examination, only giving instruction useful for passing that examination.--v.i. to eat greedily: to get up a subject by cram:--pr.p. cram'ming; pa.p. crammed.--n. a crush: (slang) a lie: information that has been crammed: the system of cramming.--adjs. CRAM'-FULL; CRAM'MABLE; CRAMMED.--n. CRAM'MER, one who prepares students for examination by cramming them. [A.S. crammian; Ice. kremja, to squeeze; Dan. kramme, to crumple.]

CRAMBO, kram'bo, n. a game in which one gives a word to which another finds a rhyme: rime.--ns. CRAM'BOCLINK, -JINGLE, riming. [Prob. from L. crambe repetita, cabbage served up again.]

CRAMBUS, kram'bus, n. a genus of pyralid moths, the veneers or grass-moths--family Crambidæ, subfamily Crambinæ. [Gr. krambos, dry.]

CRAME, kr[=a]m, n. (Scot.) a booth for selling goods.

CRAMOISY, kram'oiz-i, CRAMESY, kram'ez-i, adj. and n. crimson. [See CRIMSON.]

CRAMP, kramp, n. an involuntary and painful contraction of a voluntary muscle or group of muscles: restraint: a piece of iron bent at the ends, for holding together wood, stone, &c.: a tool used by carpenters and others, having a movable part which can be screwed tight so as to press things together.--adj. hard to make out (used of handwriting): cramped: narrow.--v.t. to affect with spasms: to confine: to hinder: to fasten with a cramp-iron.--ns. CRAMP'BARK, the popular American name of the medicinal Viburnum Oxycoccus; CRAMP'-BONE, the patella of the sheep, an old charm for cramp; CRAMP'-FISH, the electric ray or torpedo; CRAMP'-[=I]'RON, a piece of metal bent at both ends for binding things together; CRAMP'ON, a grappling-iron: a pointed plate for the foot in hill-climbing; CRAMP'-RING, a ring formerly blessed by the sovereign on Good-Friday against cramp and the falling sickness.--adj. CRAMP'Y, affected or diseased with cramp: producing cramp.--BATHER'S CRAMP, the popular name for paralysis attacking a person while bathing; WRITER'S CRAMP, or Scrivener's palsy, a common disease affecting those in the habit of constant writing, the muscles refusing to obey only on attempting to write. [O. Fr. crampe; cf. Dut. kramp, Ger. krampf.]

CRAN, kran, n. a measure of capacity in Scotland for herrings when just taken out of the net. It amounts to 37½ imperial gallons, and comprises about 750 herrings on an average.--COUP THE CRAN (Scot.), to be upset. [Prob. from Gael. crann, a measure.]

CRANBERRY, kran'ber-i, n. a genus of small evergreen shrubs growing in peaty bogs and marshy grounds: the berry much used for tarts. [For crane-berry; a late word; origin obscure; cf. Ger. kranbeere or kranich-beere.]

CRANCH. Same as CRAUNCH.

CRANE, kr[=a]n, n. a large wading bird, with long legs, neck, and bill: a bent pipe for drawing liquor out of a cask: a machine for raising heavy weights--both named from their likeness to the bird.--v.t. to raise with a crane.--v.i. to stretch out the neck: to pull up before a jump.--ns. CRAN'AGE, the use of a crane: the price paid for the use of it; CRANE'-FLY, a genus of dipterous insects, nearly allied to the gnats, with very long legs.--adj. CRANE'-NECKED.--n. CRANE'S'-BILL, the Geranium, from a lengthened appendage of the seed-vessel. [A.S. cran; Ger. kranich, W. garan.]

CRANE. Same as CRANIUM.

CRANIUM, kr[=a]'ni-um, n. the skull: the bones enclosing the brain.--adj. CR[=A]'NIAL, pertaining to the cranium.--n. CRANIOG'NOMY, cranial physiognomy.--adj. CRANIOLOG'ICAL.--ns. CRANIOL'OGIST, one skilled in craniology; CRANIOL'OGY, the study of skulls: phrenology; CRANIOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the skull; CRANIOM'ETRY, the measurement of skulls; CRANINOS'COPIST, a phrenologist; CRANIOS'COPY, phrenology; CRANIOT'OMY (obstetrics), the act of breaking down the head of the foetus. [Low L. cranium--Gr. kranion, from kar[=e], the head.]

CRANK, krangk, n. a crook or bend: a conceit in speech: a whim: (mach.) a lever or arm on a shaft, driven by hand or by a connecting-rod, its object being to convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion.--v.i. to move in a zizag manner.--v.t. to shape like a crank: to provide with a crank.--adj. crooked: crabbed: loose or slack.--adv. CRANK'ILY.--n. CRANK'INESS.--adj. CRANK'Y, crooked: infirm: full of whims: cross. [M. E. kranke--A.S. crincan, to yield; cf. Ger. krank.]

CRANK, krangk, adj. brisk: merry. [Origin unknown.]

CRANK, krangk, CRANK-SIDED, krangk-s[=i]'ded, adj. (naut.) liable to be upset--n. CRANK'NESS, liability to be upset. [Ety. uncertain.]

CRANKLE, krangk'l, CRINKLE, kringk'l, n. a turn, winding, or wrinkle, an angular protuberance.--v.t. to bend: to twist.

CRANNOG, kran'og, n. the name given in Scotland and Ireland to a fortified island (partly natural and partly artificial) in a lake, once used as a dwelling-place and place of refuge. [Gael. crann, a tree.]

CRANNY, kran'i, n. a rent: a chink: a secret place.--v.i. to enter crannies.--adj. CRANN'IED, having crannies, rents, or fissures. [Fr. cran, a notch.]

CRANREUCH, kran'ruh, n. (Scot.) hoar-frost. [Gael.]

CRANTS, krantz, n. (Shak.) the garland carried before the bier of a maiden and hung over her grave. [From Ger. kranz, a wreath, a garland.]

CRAPE, kr[=a]p, n. a thin silk fabric, tightly twisted, without removing the natural gum--usually dyed black, used for mournings.--adj. made of crape.--v.t. to clothe with crape: to frizzle (hair).--adj. CRAP'Y. [O. Fr. crespe (Fr. crêpe)--L. crispus, crisp.]

CRAPPIT-HEAD, krap'it-hed, n. a haddock's head stuffed with a compound of oatmeal, suet, onions, and pepper. [Crappit, from a Scotch word, crap, to cram.]

CRAPULENCE, krap'[=u]-lens, n. sickness caused by an overdose of drink.--adjs. CRAP'ULOUS, CRAP'ULENT. [Fr. crapule--L. crapula, intoxication.]

CRARE, CRAYER, kr[=a]r, n. a trading vessel. [O. Fr. craier--Late L. craiera; origin dub.]

CRASE. Obsolete form of CRAZE.

CRASH, krash, n. a noise as of things breaking or being crushed by falling; the shock of two bodies meeting: the failure of a commercial undertaking.--v.i. to fall to pieces with a loud noise: to move with such a noise.--v.t. to dash in pieces. [From the sound.]

CRASH, krash, n. a coarse strong linen.

CRASIS, kr[=a]'sis, n. the mixture of different elements in the constitution of the body: temperament: (gram.) the mingling or contraction of two vowels into one long vowel, or into a diphthong. [Gr. krasis--kerannynai, to mix.]

CRASS, kras, adj. gross: thick: dense: stupid.--ns. CRASSAMENT'UM, the thick part of coagulated blood: the clot; CRASS'ITUDE, coarseness: density: stupidity.--adv. CRASS'LY.--n. CRASS'NESS.--n.pl. CRASSUL[=A]'CEÆ, an order of herbaceous or shrubby, succulent plants--including the Stone-crop and House-leek. [O. Fr. cras--L. crassus.]

CRATÆGUS, kra-t[=e]'gus, n. a genus of thorny shrubs, of the rose family, in north temperate regions. [Gr.]

CRATCH, krach, n. a crib to hold hay for cattle, a manger.--n.pl. CRATCHES, a swelling on a horse's pastern, under the fetlock. [Fr. crèche, a manger; from a Teut. root, whence also crib.]

CRATE, kr[=a]t, n. a wicker-work case for packing crockery in, or for carrying fruit. [L. cratis, a hurdle. See CRADLE.]

CRATER, kr[=a]t'[.e]r, n. the bowl-shaped mouth of a volcano.--adjs. CRAT'ERIFORM, or CRATER'IFORM, shaped like a crater; CRAT'EROUS. [L.,--Gr. krat[=e]r, a large bowl for mixing wine, from kerannynai, to mix.]

CRAUNCH, kranch. A form of CRUNCH.

CRAVAT, kra-vat', n. a kind of neckcloth worn chiefly by men.--v.t. to dress in a cravat.--adj. CRAVAT'TED, wearing a cravat. [Fr. cravate--introduced in 1636 from the Cravates or Croatians.]

CRAVE, kr[=a]v, v.t. to beg earnestly: to beseech: to demand or require: to long for.--ns. CRAV'ER, one who craves: a beggar; CRAV'ING, desire: longing. [A.S. crafian, to crave; Ice. krefja.]

CRAVEN, kr[=a]v'n, n. a coward: a spiritless fellow.--adj. cowardly: spiritless.--v.t. to render spiritless.--adv. CRAV'ENLY.--n. CRAV'ENNESS.--TO CRY CRAVEN, to surrender. [M. E. cravant--O. Fr. participle cravanté, corresponding to L. crepant-em, crep[=a]re, to rattle, to break; some explain M. E. cravant as O. Fr. creant, as in recreant.]

CRAW, kraw, n. the crop, throat, or first stomach of fowls: the stomach of animals generally. [M. E. crawe; not found in A.S.; cf. Dut. kraag, neck.]

CRAWFISH. See CRAYFISH.

CRAWL, krawl, v.i. to move slowly along the ground, as a worm: to creep: to move feebly, stealthily, or sneakingly: to be covered with crawling things.--n. the act of crawling.--ns. CRAWL'ER, one who or that which crawls: a reptile; CRAWL'ING.--adv. CRAWL'Y (coll.), with a creepy feeling. [Scand.; Ice. krafla, Dan. kravle; Ger. krabbeln, to creep.]

CRAWL, krawl, n. a pen for keeping fish: a kraal.

CRAX, kraks, n. the typical genus of birds of family Cracidæ.

CRAYFISH, kr[=a]'fish, CRAWFISH, kraw'fish, n. a large fresh-water crustacean in the long-tailed division of the order Decapoda: the small spiny lobster. [M. E. crevice--O. Fr. crevice (Fr. écrevisse, a crayfish)--Old High Ger. krebiz, a CRAB.]

CRAYON, kr[=a]'on, n. a pencil made of chalk or pipeclay, variously coloured, used for drawing: a drawing done with crayons.--v.t. to draw with a crayon.--IN CRAYONS, of a picture, made by crayons. [Fr. crayon--craie, chalk, from L. creta, chalk.]

CRAZE, kr[=a]z, v.t. to weaken: to derange (applied to the intellect): (obs.) to break.--v.i. to become mad.--n. a crack or flaw: insanity.--adj. CRAZED, deranged.--adv. CRAZ'ILY.--ns. CRAZ'INESS; CRAZ'ING-MILL, a mill for crushing tin-ore.--adj. CRAZ'Y, frail: insane: demented. [Scand.; Sw. krasa, Dan. krase, to crackle; whence also Fr. écraser, to crush.]

CREAGH, CREACH, kreh, n. a foray, raid: booty. [Gael.]

CREAK, kr[=e]k, v.i. to make a sharp, grating sound, as of a hinge, &c.--n. a grating noise, as of an unoiled hinge.--adv. CREAK'ILY.--adj. CREAK'Y. [From the sound, like crake and croak.]

CREAM, kr[=e]m, n. the oily substance which forms on milk, yielding butter when churned: the best part of anything: any cream-like preparation, as cold cream for the skin, &c., or any dish largely made of cream, or like cream, as chocolate-cream, ice-cream, whipped-cream, &c.--v.t. to take off the cream.--v.i. to gather or form cream.--ns. CREAM'-CAKE, a kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, &c.; CREAM'-CHEESE, cheese made of cream.--adj. CREAM'-COL'OURED, of the colour of cream, light yellow.--n. CREAM'ERY, an establishment where butter and cheese are made from the milk supplied by a number of producers: a shop for milk, butter, &c.--adj. CREAM'-FACED, pale-faced.--ns. CREAM'-FRUIT, the fruit of a creeping West African plant of the dogbane family, yielding a cream-like juice; CREAM'INESS.--adj. CREAM'-LAID, of a cream-colour and laid, or bearing linear water-lines as if laid.--ns. CREAM'-NUT, the Brazil nut; CREAM'-SLICE, a wooden blade for skimming cream from milk.--adjs. CREAM'-WOVE, woven of a cream-colour; CREAM'Y, full of or like cream: gathering like cream.--CREAM OF TARTAR, a white crystalline compound made by purifying argol, bitartrate of potash. [O. Fr. cresme, creme--L. chrisma.]

CREANCE, kr[=e]'ans, n. the cord which secures the hawk while being trained. [Fr.]

CREANT, kr[=e]'ant, adj. creating: formative.

CREASE, kr[=e]s, n. a mark made by folding or doubling anything: (cricket) a line indicating the boundaries of a particular space, as the position of a batter and bowler.--v.t. to make creases in anything.--v.i. to become creased.--adj. CREAS'Y, full of creases. [Prob. Celt., as Bret. kr[=i]z, &c.]

CREASE. See CREESE.

CREASOTE. See CREOSOTE.

CREATE, kr[=e]-[=a]t', v.t. to bring into being or form out of nothing: to beget: to form: to invest with a new form, office, or character: to produce.--adj. CRE[=A]T'ABLE.--n. CRE[=A]'TION, the act of creating, esp. the universe: that which is created, the world, the universe.--adj. CRE[=A]'TIONAL.--ns. CRE[=A]'TIONISM, the theory of special creation, opp. to Evolutionism: the theory that God immediately creates a soul for every human being born--opp. to Traducianism; CRE[=A]'TIONIST.--adj. CRE[=A]'TIVE, having power to create: that creates.--adv. CRE[=A]'TIVELY.--ns. CRE[=A]'TIVENESS; CRE[=A]'TOR, he who creates: a maker:--fem. CRE[=A]'TRIX, CRE[=A]'TRESS; CRE[=A]'TORSHIP.--adjs. CREA'TURAL, CREA'TURELY, pertaining to a creature or thing created.--ns. CREATURE (kr[=e]'t[=u]r), whatever has been created, animate or inanimate, esp. every animated being, an animal, a man: a term of contempt or of endearment: a dependent, instrument, or puppet; CREA'TURESHIP.--THE CREATOR, the Supreme Being, God.--CREATURE COMFORTS, material comforts, food, &c.: liquor, esp. whisky. [L. cre[=a]re, -[=a]tum; Gr. krain-ein, to fulfil.]

CREATINE, kr[=e]'a-tin, n. a constant and characteristic constituent of the striped muscle of vertebrates--also KRE'ATINE.--adj. CREAT'IC, relating to flesh.--n. CRE'ATININE, dehydrated form, a constant constituent of urine, found also in fish muscles. [Gr. kreas, kreatos, flesh.]

CRÈCHE, kresh, n. a sort of public nursery for children, while their mothers are at work. [Fr.]

CREDENCE, kr[=e]'dens, n. belief: trust: the small table beside the altar on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.--n. CREDEN'DUM, a thing to be believed, an act of faith:--pl. CREDENDA.--adjs. CR[=E]'DENT, easy of belief; CREDEN'TIAL, giving a title to belief or credit.--n. that which entitles to credit or confidence: (pl.) esp. the letters by which one claims confidence or authority among strangers.--ns. CREDIBIL'ITY, CRED'IBLENESS.--adj. CREDIBLE (kred'-), that may be believed.--adv. CRED'IBLY.--n. CRED'IT, belief: esteem: reputation: honour: good character: sale on trust: time allowed for payment: the side of an account on which payments received are entered: a sum placed at a person's disposal in a bank on which he may draw to its amount.--v.t. to believe: to trust: to sell or lend to on trust: to enter on the credit side of an account: to set to the credit of.--adj. CRED'ITABLE, trustworthy: bringing credit or honour.--n. CRED'ITABLENESS.--adv. CRED'ITABLY.--ns. CRED'ITOR, one to whom a debt is due:--fem. CRED'ITRIX; CR[=E]'DO, the Creed, or a musical setting of it for church services; CRED[=U]'LITY, credulousness: disposition to believe on insufficient evidence.--adj. CRED'ULOUS, easy of belief: apt to believe without sufficient evidence: unsuspecting.--adv. CRED'ULOUSLY.--ns. CRED'ULOUSNESS; CREED, a summary of articles of religious belief, esp. those called the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian: any system of belief. [Fr.,--Low L. credentia--L. credent-, believing, pr.p. of cred[)e]re.]

CREEK, kr[=e]k, n. a small inlet or bay of the sea, or the tidal estuary of a river: any turn or winding: in America and Australia, a small river.--adj. CREEK'Y, full of creeks: winding. [Prob. Scand., Ice. kriki, a nook; cf. Dut. kreek, a bay.]

CREEL, kr[=e]l, n. a basket, esp. an angler's basket. [Prob. Celt; cf. Old Ir. criol, a chest.]

CREEP, kr[=e]p, v.i. to move on the belly, like a snake: to move slowly: to grow along the ground or on supports, as a vine: to fawn or cringe: to have the physical sensation of something creeping over or under the skin: to shudder at from fear or repugnance: to drag with a creeper, as a river-bottom:--pr.p. creep'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. crept.--ns. CREEP'ER, a creeping plant: a genus of small climbing birds; CREEP'-HOLE, a hole into which to creep: a subterfuge; CREEP'IE, a low stool, the old Scotch stool of repentance.--adv. CREEP'INGLY.--adj. CREEP'Y. [A.S. creópan; Dut. kruipen.]

CREESE, CREASE, kr[=e]s, n. a Malay dagger with a wavy blade--also KRIS.--v.t. to stab with a creese.

CREESH, kr[=e]sh, v.t. (Scot.) to grease.--n. grease.--adj. CREESH'Y. [O. Fr. craisse--L. crassus, fat.]

CREMAILLERE, kre-mal-y[=a]r', n. a line of fortification built zigzag to give wider range in firing. [Fr.]

CREMATION, krem-[=a]'shun, n. act of burning, esp. of the dead.--v.t. CREMATE'.--ns. CREM[=A]'TIONIST, one who advocates cremation; CREMAT'OR, CREMAT[=O]R'IUM, CREM'ATORY, a place where cremation is done.--adj. CREMAT[=O]R'IAL. [L.,--crem[=a]re, to burn.]

CREMONA, krem-[=o]'na, n. a superior kind of violin made at Cremona in Italy.--adj. CREMONESE'.

CREMOR, kr[=e]'mor, n. thick juice.

CREMOSIN, krem'[=o]-zin, n. crimson (Spens.).

CRENATE, -D, kr[=e]'n[=a]t, -ed, adj. (bot.) having the edge notched.--ns. CR[=E]'NA, a furrow or notch; CREN[=A]'TION; CREN'ATURE.--adjs. CREN'ULATE, -D, finely notched or crenate. [L. crena, a notch.]

CRENEL, kren'el, CRENELLE, kre-nel', n. (archit.) an opening in a parapet for shooting through: a battlement--dim. CREN'ELET.--n. CRENAUX (kr[=e]'n[=o]), crenellations or loopholes in a fortress.--v.t. CREN'ELLATE.--adjs. CRENELL[=A]T'ED, furnished with battlements: indented.--n. CRENELL[=A]'TION.--adjs. CRENELLE' (her.), embattled; CRENELLED', having embrasures. [Fr.,--Low L. crena, a notch.]

CREOLE, kr[=e]'[=o]l, n. and adj. strictly applied in the former Spanish, French, and Portuguese colonies of America, Africa, and the East Indies to natives of pure European blood (sangre azul), in opposition to immigrants themselves born in Europe, or to the offspring of mixed blood, as mulattoes, quadroons, Eurasians, &c.: (U.S.) applied only to the native French stock in Louisiana: a negro born in the West Indies--earlier CRE[=O]'LIAN. [Fr. créole--Sp. criollo, contr. of criadillo, 'a little nursling,' dim. of criado--criar, lit. to create, also to bring up, to nurse--L. cre[=a]re.]

CREOPHAGOUS, kr[=e]-of'a-gus, adj. flesh-eating. [Gr. kreas, flesh, phagein, to eat.]

CREOSOTE, kr[=e]'o-s[=o]t, CREASOTE, kr[=e]'a-s[=o]t, n. an oily, colourless liquid obtained from the tar produced by the destructive distillation of wood. [Gr. kreas, flesh, s[=o]t[=e]r, saviour--s[=o]z-ein, to save.]

CREPANCE, kr[=e]'pans, n. a wound on a horse's hind ankle-joint, caused by striking with the shoe of the other hind-foot.--Also CR[=E]'PANE. [L. crep[=a]re, to break.]

CRÊPE, kr[=a]p, v.t. to frizz, as hair. [See CRAPE.]

CREPITATE, krep'i-t[=a]t, v.i. to crackle, snap.--adj. CREP'ITANT, crackling.--n. CREPIT[=A]'TION, the characteristic sound detected in the lungs by auscultation.--adj. CREP'IT[=A]TIVE.--n. CREP'ITUS. [L. crepit[=a]re, -[=a]tum, freq. of crep[=a]re, to crack, rattle.]

CREPON, krep'on, n. a woollen or silk crapy stuff. [Fr.]

CREPT, krept, pa.t. and pa.p. of CREEP.

CREPUSCULAR, kre-pus'k[=u]-lar, adj. of or pertaining to twilight--also CREPUS'CULOUS.--ns. CREPUS'CULE, CREPUS'CLE, twilight. [L. crepusculum--creper, dusky, obscure.]

CRESCENDO, kres-en'd[=o], adv. (mus.) gradually increasing in force or loudness.--n. a passage marked by this.--Often cres., cresc., or [Crescendo symbol].

CRESCENT, kres'ent, adj. increasing: shaped like the new or old moon.--n. the moon as she increases towards half-moon: a figure like the crescent moon, as that on the Turkish standard: the standard itself: the Turkish power: a range of buildings in curved form.--n. CRES'CENTADE, a religious war for Islam.--adjs. CRES'CENTED, CRESCENT'IC, formed like a crescent; CRES'CIVE (Shak.), increasing. [L. crescens, crescent-is, pr.p. of cresc[)e]re, to grow.]

CRESS, kres, n. the name of several species of plants like the water-cress, which grow in moist places, and have pungent leaves used as salads and medicinally.--adj. CRESS'Y, abounding in cresses. [A.S. cresse, cerse; cf. Dut. kers, Ger. kresse.]

CRESSET, kres'et, n. an iron basket, jar, or open lamp filled with combustible material, placed on a beacon, lighthouse, wharf, &c.: a torch generally. [O. Fr. cresset, crasset (Fr. creuset)--Old Dut. kruysel, a hanging lamp.]

CREST, krest, n. the comb or tuft on the head of a cock and other birds: the summit of anything, as a roof-ridge, hill, wave: the mane of a horse, &c.: (anat.) a ridge along the surface of a bone: a plume of feathers or other ornament on the top of a helmet: (her.) an accessory figure originally surmounting the helmet, placed on a wreath, &c., also used separately as a personal cognisance on plate, &c.--v.t. to furnish with, or serve for, a crest, to surmount.--p.adj. CREST'ED, having a crest: (bot.) having an elevated appendage like a crest.--adjs. CREST'FALLEN, dejected: heartless; CREST'LESS, without a crest: not of high birth.--ns. CREST'-MARINE', rock samphire; CRESTOL'ATRY, toadyism. [O. Fr. creste (mod. crête)--L. crista.]

CRETACEOUS, kr[=e]-t[=a]'shus, adj. composed of or like chalk.--adj. CR[=E]'T[=A]TED, rubbed with chalk.--n. CRETIFAC'TION.--v.i. CR[=E]'TIFY, to become impregnated with salts of lime. [L. cretaceus, from creta, chalk.]

CRETIC, kr[=e]'tik, adj. and n. Cretan, belonging to Crete: a metrical foot consisting of one short syllable between two long.--n. CR[=E]'TISM, a lie.

CRETINISM, kr[=e]'tin-izm, n. a state of defective mental development, associated with bodily deformity or arrested growth, occurring esp. in connection with enlargement of the thyroid gland or goitre in the lower Alpine valleys.--n. CR[=E]'TIN, one affected with cretinism.--adjs. CR[=E]'TINOUS, CR[=E]'TINISED. [Fr. crétin--Swiss crestin--L. christian-us, prob. implying that, after all, they are human, or that they are (from their fatuousness) incapable of sin--cf. the frequent use of innocent.]

CRETONNE, kret-on', or kret'on, n. a strong printed cotton fabric used for curtains or for covering furniture. [Fr., prob. from Creton in Normandy.]

CRETOSE, kr[=e]'t[=o]s, adj. chalky.

CREUTZER. Same as KREUTZER.

CREUX, kr[.e], n. the reverse of relief in sculpture, intaglio. [Fr.]

CREVASSE, krev-as', n. a crack or split, esp. applied to a cleft in a glacier: (U.S.) a breach in a canal or river bank.--v.t. to fissure with crevasses. [Fr.]

CREVET, krev'et, n. a variant of CRUET, a goldsmith's melting-pot.

CREVICE, krev'is, n. a crack or rent: a narrow opening. [O. Fr. crevace--L. L.,--L. crep[=a]re, to creak.]

CREW, kr[=oo], n. a company, squad, or gang, often in a bad or contemptuous sense: a ship's company. [O. Fr. creue, increase--croistre, to grow.]

CREW, kr[=oo], pa.t. of CROW.

CREWE, kr[=oo], n. (Spens.) a cruse. [O. Fr. crue.]

CREWEL, kr[=oo]'el, n. a fine worsted yarn used for embroidery and tapestry: work in crewels.--v.t. to work in such.--ns. CREW'ELIST; CREW'ELLERY. [Orig. a monosyllable, crule, crewle; ety. dub.]

CREWELS, kr[=oo]'elz, n.pl. (Scot.) the king's evil, scrofula. [Fr. [=e]crouelles.]

CRIB, krib, n. the rack or manger of a stable: a stall for oxen: a child's bed; a small cottage or hovel, a confined place: (coll.) a translation of a classic baldly literal, for lazy schoolboys.--v.t. to put away in a crib, confine: to pilfer: to plagiarise:--pr.p. crib'bing; pa.p. cribbed.--n. CRIB'-BIT'ING, a vicious habit of horses, consisting in biting the manger. [A.S. crib; Ger. krippe.]

CRIBBAGE, krib'[=a]j, n. a game at cards played by two, three, or four persons, so called from crib, the name given to certain cards laid aside from his hand by each player, and which belong to the dealer.--n. CRIBB'AGE-BOARD, a board with holes for keeping by means of pegs the score at cribbage.

CRIBBLE, krib'l, n. a coarse screen or sieve used for sand, gravel, or corn: coarse flour or meal.--v.t. to sift or riddle.--adjs. CRIB'R[=A]TE, CRIB'ROSE, perforated like a sieve.--n. CRIBR[=A]'TION, act of sifting.--adj. CRIB'RIFORM, shaped like a sieve. [L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum, a sieve.]

CRIBELLUM, kri-bel'um, n. an accessory spinning-organ of certain spiders--also CRIBRELL'UM:--pl. CRIBELL'A.

CRIBLÉ, kr[=e]-bl[=a], adj. punctured like a sieve, dotted. [Fr.]

CRICETUS, kri-s[=e]'tus, n. the typical genus of Cricetinæ, a sub-family of muroid rodents with cheek-pouches.

CRICK, krik, n. a spasm or cramp of the muscles, esp. of the neck. [Prob. onomatopoeic.]

CRICKET, krik'et, n. a saltatory, orthopterous insect, allied to grasshoppers and locusts. [O. Fr. criquet; cf. Dut. krekel, Ger. kreckel.]

CRICKET, krik'et, n. an outdoor game played with bats, a ball, and wickets, between two sides of eleven each.--v.i. to play at cricket.--ns. CRICK'ETER, one who plays at cricket; CRICK'ET-MATCH, a match at cricket. [Fr. criquet; further ety. dub. Not the A.S. crycc, a stick.]

CRICKET, krik'et, n. (Scot.) a low stool.

CRICOID, kr[=i]'koid, adj. (anat.) ring-shaped. [Gr. krikos, a ring, and eidos, form.]

CRIED, kr[=i]d, pa.t. and pa.p. of CRY.--n. CR[=I]'ER, one who cries or proclaims, esp. an officer whose duty is to make public proclamations.--CRIED DOWN, or Decried, denounced, belittled; CRIED UP, extolled.

CRIME, kr[=i]m, n. a violation of law: an act punishable by law: offence: sin.--adjs. CRIME'FUL, criminal; CRIME'LESS, without crime, innocent; CRIMINAL (krim'-), relating to crime: guilty of crime: violating laws.--n. one guilty of crime.--ns. CRIM'INALIST, one versed in criminal law; CRIMINAL'ITY, guiltiness.--adv. CRIM'INALLY.--v.t. CRIM'IN[=A]TE, to accuse.--n. CRIMIN[=A]'TION, act of criminating: accusation.--adjs. CRIM'IN[=A]TIVE, CRIM'IN[=A]TORY, involving crimination or accusation.--ns. CRIMINOL'OGIST; CRIMINOL'OGY, that branch of anthropology which treats of crime and criminals.--adj. CRIM'INOUS, criminal--now chiefly in the phrase 'a criminous clerk.'--n. CRIM'INOUSNESS.--CRIMINAL CONVERSATION, often CRIM. CON., adultery. [Fr.,--L. crimen.]

CRIMINE, CRIMINI, krim'i-ne, interj. an ejaculation of surprise or impatience.

CRIMP, krimp, adj. made crisp or brittle.--v.t. to wrinkle: to plait: to make crisp: to seize or decoy sailors or soldiers.--n. one who presses or decoys.--ns. CRIMP'AGE, act of crimping; CRIMP'ER, one who or that which crimps or corrugates; CRIMP'ING-[=I]'RON, an iron instrument used for crimping hair; CRIMP'ING-MACHINE', a machine for forming crimps or plaits on ruffles.--v.t. CRIMP'LE, to contract or draw together: to plait: to curl. [A dim. of cramp; Dut. krimpen, to shrink.]

CRIMSON, krim'zn, n. a deep red colour, tinged with blue: red in general.--adj. deep red.--v.t. to dye crimson.--v.i. to become crimson: to blush. [M. E. crimosin--O. Fr. cramoisin; from Ar. qermazi, the cochineal insect, from which it is made.]

CRINAL, kr[=i]'nal, adj. of or belonging to the hair.--adjs. CRIN'ATE, -D, having hair; CRINICUL'TURAL, relating to the culture or growth of the hair; CRINIG'EROUS, hairy; CR[=I]'NITE, hairy: (bot.) resembling a tuft of hair. [L. crinalis--crinis, the hair.]

CRINE, kr[=i]n, v.i. (Scot.) to shrink or shrivel. [Gael. crìon, dry.]

CRINGE, krinj, v.i. to bend or crouch with servility: to submit: to fawn: to flatter with mean servility.--n. a servile obeisance.--ns. CRINGE'LING, CRIN'GER, one who cringes.--adv. CRIN'GINGLY, in an obsequious manner. [Related to A.S. crincan, cringan, to shrink. Cf. CRANK, weak.]

CRINGLE, kring'gl, n. a small piece of rope worked into the bolt-rope of a sail, and containing a metal ring or thimble. [Teut.; cf. Ger. kringel.]

CRINITE. See CRINAL, CRINOIDEA.

CRINKLE, krink'l, v.t. to twist, wrinkle, crimp.--v.i. to wrinkle up, curl.--n. a wrinkle.--adj. CRINK'LY, wrinkly.--n. and adj. CRINK'UM-CRANK'UM, a word applied familiarly to things intricate or crooked.

CRINOIDEA, kr[=i]-noid'[=e]-a, n.pl. a class of Echinodermata, sometimes called feather-stars or sea-lilies, and well known in fossil forms as encrinites or stone-lilies.--n. CRI'NITE, a fossil crinoid.--adjs. and ns. CRINOID', CRINOID'EAN.--adj. CRINOID'AL. [Gr. krinon, a lily, and eidos, form.]

CRINOLINE, krin'o-lin, n. a name originally given by the French modistes to a stiff fabric of horse-hair, employed to distend women's attire: a hooped petticoat or skirt made to project all round by means of steel-wire: a netting round ships as a guard against torpedoes.--n. CRIN'OLETTE, a small crinoline causing the dress to project behind only--akin to the bustle and dress-improver.--adj. CRIN'OLINED. [Fr., crin--L. crinis, hair, and lin--L. linum, flax.]

CRINOSE, kr[=i]'n[=o]s, adj. hairy. [L. crinis, hair.]

CRIO-SPHINX, kr[=i]'[=o]-sfingks, n. a ram-headed sphinx. [Gr. krios, a ram, sphingx, a sphinx.]

CRIPPLE, krip'l, n. a lame person.--adj. lame.--v.t. to make lame: to lame: disable, impair the efficiency of.--ns. CRIPP'LEDOM; CRIPP'LING, a prop set up as a support against the side of a building. [A.S. crypel; conn. with CREEP.]

CRISIS, kr[=i]'sis, n. point or time for deciding anything, the decisive moment or turning-point:--pl. CRISES (kr[=i]'s[=e]z). [Gr. krisis, from krinein, to separate.]

CRISP, krisp, adj. curling closely: having a wavy surface: so dry as to be crumbled easily: brittle, or short, as 'crisp cakes,' &c.: fresh and bracing, as 'crisp air:' firm, the opposite of limp or flabby, as a 'crisp style' in writing.--v.t. to curl or twist: to make crisp or wavy.--adjs. CRIS'P[=A]TE, -D, having a crisped or wavy appearance.--ns. CRISP[=A]'TION; CRISP'ATURE, a curling; CRISP'ER, one who or that which crisps; CRISP'ING-[=I]'RON, -PIN, a curling-iron.--adv. CRISP'LY.--n. CRISP'NESS.--adj. CRISP'Y. [A.S.,--L. crispus.]

CRISPIN, kris'pin, n. a shoemaker, from Crispin of Soissons, the patron saint of shoemakers, martyred 25th October 287.

CRISS-CROSS, kris'-kros, n. a mark formed by two lines in the form of a cross, as the signature of a person unable to write his name: a child's game played on a slate, the lines being drawn in the form of a cross.--v.i. to intersect frequently.

CRISTATE, kris't[=a]t, adj. crested.--n. CRIS'TA, a crest.--adjs. CRIS'TIFORM; CRISTIM'ANOUS, having crested claws.

CRITERION, kr[=i]-t[=e]'ri-on, n. a means or standard of judging: a test: a rule, standard, or canon:--pl. CRIT[=E]'RIA. [Gr., from krit[=e]s, a judge.]

CRITH, krith, n. a chemical unit of mass for gases, the mass of one litre of hydrogen. [Gr. krith[=e], barley.]

CRITHOMANCY, krith'o-man-si, n. divination by the meal strewed over the victims of sacrifice. [Gr. krith[=e], barley, and manteia, divination.]

CRITIC, krit'ik, n. one skilled in estimating the quality of literary or artistic work: a professional reviewer: one skilled in textual or biblical criticism, literature, the fine arts, &c.: a fault-finder.--adj. CRIT'ICAL, relating to criticism: discriminating: captious: decisive.--adv. CRIT'ICALLY.--ns. CRIT'ICALNESS, CRITICAL'ITY; CRIT'ICASTER, CRIT'ICKIN, a petty critic.--adj. CRITIC[=I]S'ABLE.--v.t. CRIT'ICISE, to pass judgment on: to censure.--ns. CRIT'ICISM, the art of judging, esp. in literature or the fine arts: a critical judgment or observation; CRITIQUE (kri-t[=e]k'), a critical examination of any production: a review.--CRITICAL ANGLE, the least angle of incidence at which a ray is totally reflected; CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY, that of Kant as based on a critical examination of the faculty of knowledge; CRITICAL POINT, that temperature below which a substance may, and above which it cannot, be liquefied by pressure alone.--HIGHER or HISTORICAL CRITICISM, as distinguished from Textual or Verbal criticism, the inquiry into the composition, date, and authenticity of the books of Scripture, from historical and literary considerations. [Gr. kritikos--krinein, to judge.]

CROAK, kr[=o]k, v.i. to utter a low hoarse sound, as a frog or raven: to grumble: to forebode evil: to utter croakingly: (slang) to die.--n. the sound of a frog or raven.--n. CROAK'ER.--adv. CROAK'ILY.--n. CROAK'ING.--adj. CROAK'Y. [From the sound. Cf. CRAKE, CROW.]

CROAT, kr[=o]'at, n. a native of Croatia, esp. one serving as a soldier in the Austrian army.

CROCEOUS, kr[=o]'shi-us, adj. saffron-coloured.

CROCHE, kr[=o]'she, n. one of the buds or knobs at the top of a deer's horn. [Fr.]

CROCHET, kr[=o]'sh[=a], n. a kind of handiwork in fancy worsted, cotton, or silk--an extensive system of looping, by means of a small hook.--v.i. to do such work. [Fr. crochet--croche, croc, a hook.]

CROCIDOLITE, kro-sid'o-l[=i]t, n. a mineral consisting mainly of silicate of iron, in asbestos-like fibres. [From Gr. krokis, -idos, cloth, and lithos, stone.]

CROCK, krok, n. a pot or jar.--n. CROCK'ERY, earthenware: vessels formed of baked clay. [A.S. croc; Ger. krug; perh. of Celt. origin, as in W. crochan, a pot, Gael. krogan, a pitcher.]

CROCK, krok, n. dirt, smut.--v.i. to dirty.

CROCK, krok, n. an old ewe: an old horse. [Cf. Norw. and Sw. krake, a poor beast.]

CROCKET, krok'et, n. (archit.) an ornament on the angles of spires, canopies, &c., like curled leaves or flowers.

CROCODILE, krok'o-d[=i]l, n. a genus of large amphibious saurian reptiles, including the crocodile of the Nile, and also the alligators and gavials.--adj. and n. CROCODIL'IAN.--n. CROCODIL'ITY, captious arguing.--CROCODILE TEARS, affected tears, hypocritical grief--from the old story that crocodiles (which have large lachrymal glands) shed tears over the hard necessity of killing animals for food. [O. Fr. cocodrille--L. crocodilus--Gr. krokodeilos, a lizard.]

CROCUS, kr[=o]'kus, n. a bulbous plant with brilliant yellow or purple flowers: (slang) a quack doctor. [L. crocus--Gr. krokos; prob. of Eastern origin, as Heb. karkom, and Ar. kurkum, saffron.]

CROFT, kroft, n. a small piece arable land adjoining a dwelling: a kind of small farm.--ns. CROFT'ER; CROFT'ING. [A.S. croft; perh. cog. with Dut. kroft, or with Gael. croit.]

CROISSANT. Same as CRESCENT.

CROMA, kr[=o]'ma, n. (mus.) an eighth note, or quaver.--Also CROME.

CROME, kr[=o]m, CROMB, kr[=oo]m, n. a hook or crook.--v.t. to draw with such. [Cf. Dut. kram.]

CROMLECH, krom'lek, n. a term applied in Brittany to a group of standing stones, a stone circle: formerly applied to a dolmen, with which it is still sometimes confounded in England (see DOLMEN). [W. cromlech--crom, curved, circular, and llech, a stone.]

CROMORNA, kr[=o]-mor'na, n. a clarinet-like reed-stop in an organ. [Fr.,--Ger. krummhorn.]

CRONE, kr[=o]n, n. an old woman, usually in contempt--sometimes an old man. [Perh. O. Fr. carogne, a crabbed woman; or Celt., as in Ir. crion, withered.]

CRONET, kr[=o]'net, n. the hair growing over the top of a horse's hoof.

CRONY, kr[=o]n'i, n. an old and intimate companion. [Ety. unknown.]

CROODLE, kr[=oo]d'l, v.i. to cower down, or cling close to anything. [Prob. related to Cuddle.]

CROODLE, kr[=oo]d'l, v.i. (Scot.), to coo like a dove, to coax.

CROOK, kr[=oo]k, n. a bend, anything bent: a curved tube used to lower the pitch of a cornet, &c.: the bending of the body in reverence: a staff bent at the end, as a shepherd's or bishop's: an artifice or trick: (Spens.) gibbet.--v.t. to bend or form into a hook: to turn from the straight line or from what is right.--v.i. to bend or be bent.--n. CROOK'BACK (Shak.), a hunchback.--adj. CROOK'BACKED; CROOK'ED, bent like a crook: not straight: deviating from rectitude, perverse.--adv. CROOK'EDLY.--n. CROOK'EDNESS.--adjs. CROOK'-KNEED; CROOK'-SHOUL'DERED.--A CROOK IN THE LOT, any trial in one's experience. [Prob. Scand.; cf. Ice. krókr, Dan. krog.]

CROOL, krool, v.i. to mutter. [Imit.]

CROON, kr[=oo]n, v.t. (Scot.) to utter a low, monotonous, inarticulate sound like a baby: to sing or hum in an undertone.--n. CROON'ING, a low murmuring sound. [Cf. Dut. kreunen, to groan.]

CROP, krop, n. all the produce of a field of grain: anything gathered or cropped: an entire ox-hide: the craw of a bird: (archit.) a finial: a whip-handle: the cutting the hair short.--v.t. to cut off the top or ends: to cut short or close: to mow, reap, or gather.--v.i. to yield:--pr.p. crop'ping; pa.p. cropped.--n. CROP'-EAR, one having cropped or cut ears.--adj. CROP'FUL (Milt.), satiated.--ns. CROP'PER, one who or that which crops: a plant which furnishes a crop: one who raises a crop for a share of it: a kind of fancy pigeon remarkable for its large crop; CROP'PING, act of cutting off: the raising of crops: (geol.) an outcrop; CROP'PY, one of the Irish rebels of 1798 who cut their hair short in imitation of the French Revolutionists.--adj. CROP'-SICK, sick of a surfeit.--CROP OUT, to appear above the surface; CROP UP, to come up incidentally. [A.S. crop, the top shoot of a plant, the crop of a bird; Dut. crop, a bird's crop.]

CROPPER, krop'[.e]r, n. a fall; failure.--COME A CROPPER, to have a fall, perhaps from phrase 'neck and crop.'

CROQUET, kr[=o]'k[=a], n. a game in which two or more players try to drive wooden balls, by means of long-handled mallets, through a series of arches set in the ground. [North Fr. croquet, a dial. form of crochet, dim. of croc, croche, a crook.]

CROQUETTE, krok-et', n. a ball of minced meat or fish, seasoned and fried. [Fr. croquer, to crunch.]

CRORE, kr[=o]r, n. the sum of ten millions, or one hundred lacs. [Hind.]

CROSIER, CROZIER, kr[=o]'zh[.e]r, n. a cross mounted on a staff, borne before archbishops and patriarchs--often confounded with the pastoral staff.--adj. CR[=O]'SIERED. [O. Fr. crocier--Late L. crociarius--L. crux, a cross.]

CROSS, kros, n. a gibbet on which malefactors were hung, consisting of two pieces of timber, one placed crosswise on the other, either thus [Latin cross] or [St Andrew's cross]: the instrument on which Christ suffered, and thus the symbol of the Christian religion: the sufferings of Christ: the atonement effected by these: a representation of the cross, a staff surmounted by a cross, a monument, model, or ornament in the form of a cross, esp. that in this form in the centre of a town at which proclamations are made, &c.: (Scot.) a signal or call to arms sent throughout a district, being a cross of two sticks charred and dipped in blood (FIERY CROSS): the transverse part of an anchor, or the like: a surveyor's cross-staff: anything that crosses or thwarts: a crossing or crossway: adversity or affliction in general.--v.t. to mark with a cross, or to make the sign of the cross.--ns. CROSS'-AISLE, a transept aisle of a cruciform church; CROSS'-BEAR'ER, one who carries a cross in a procession; CROSS'-BUN, a bun marked with the form of a cross, eaten on Good-Friday; CROSS'ING, the making the sign of the cross; CROSS'-STITCH, a double stitch in the form of a cross; CROSS'LET, a little cross.--CROST, obsolete pa.p. of CROSS.--CROSS-AND-PILE, the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and tail; CROSS OF CALVARY, the Latin cross or cross of crucifixion elevated on three steps; CROSS OF JERUSALEM, one having each arm capped by a cross-bar; CROSS OF LORRAINE, a cross with two horizontal arms, combining the Greek and Latin crosses; CROSS OF ST JAMES, a Latin cross figured as a sword; CROSS OF ST PATRICK, the saltier cross of Ireland (red on a white ground).--CROSS ONE'S MIND, to flash across the mind; CROSS THE PATH OF ANY ONE, to thwart him.--ANSATE CROSS (crux ansata), a common symbol of immortality in ancient Egypt; ARCHIEPISCOPAL CROSS, the pastoral staff surmounted by a cross; BUDDHIST CROSS, the gammadion or fylfot, with returned arms, a symbol found in prehistoric remains in Italy and elsewhere; CAPITAL CROSS, a Greek cross having each extremity terminated in an ornament like a Tuscan capital; CAPUCHIN-CROSS, a cross having each arm terminated by a ball; CELTIC CROSS, a type of cross found in Ireland and in the north and west of Scotland, varying from a cross incised on a flat slate to an elaborate cruciform monument--some crosses of this type show Scandinavian workmanship, and hence are often called RUNIC CROSSES; GREEK CROSS, an upright cross with limbs of equal length--the well-known CROSS OF ST GEORGE (red on a white ground); LATIN CROSS (crux immissa), an upright cross having the lower limb longer than the others; MALTESE CROSS, the badge of the knights of Malta, converging to a point in the centre, with two points to each limb; NORMAN CROSS, an elaborate memorial cross like a Gothic turret set on the ground, or on the base of a few steps, with niches for figures and pinnacles; PATRIARCHAL CROSS, a cross with two horizontal bars; ROUEN CROSS, a cross in fretwork, as a brooch or pendant; ST ANDREW'S CROSS (crux decussata), or CROSS SALTIER, a cross of two shafts of equal length crossed diagonally at the middle--the saltier cross of Scotland (white on a blue ground); ST ANTHONY'S CROSS (crux commissa), shaped like a [St Anthony's cross]; SOUTHERN CROSS, a constellation in the Antarctic region where the stars are in the form of a cross. [O. Fr. crois (Fr. croix)--L. cruc-em, orig. an upright post to which latterly a cross-piece was added.]

CROSS, kros, adj. lying across: transverse: oblique: opposite: adverse: ill-tempered: interchanged: dishonest: balancing, neutralising.--adv. across.--n. a crossing or mixing of breeds, esp. of cattle: something intermediate in character between two other things: dishonest practices, esp. in a sporting contest when one of the parties corruptly allows himself to be beaten.--v.t. to lay one body or draw one line across another: to cancel by drawing cross lines: to pass from side to side: to write across a bank-cheque the name of a banking company, or simply '& Co.' between the lines, to be filled up with the name of a banking company, through whom alone it may be paid: to obstruct: to thwart: to interfere with.--v.i. to lie or be athwart: to move or pass from place to place.--n. CROSS'-AC'TION (law), an action brought by the defender against the pursuer in the same cause.--adjs. CROSS'-ARMED, having the arms crossed: (bot.) brachiate; CROSS'-BAND'ED, having the grain of the veneer run across that of the rail--of a hand-rail.--n. CROSS'-BAR, a transverse bar: a kind of lever.--adj. CROSS'-BARRED.--ns. CROSS'-BEAM, a large beam stretching across a building and serving to hold its sides together; CROSS'-BENCH, in the House of Lords, certain benches so placed, on which independent members sometimes sit; CROSS'-BILL, a bill brought by the defendant in a Chancery suit against the plaintiff; CROSS'-BILL, a genus of birds resembling bullfinches, linnets, &c., with the mandibles of the bill crossing each other near the points; CROSS'-BIRTH, a birth in which the child lies transversely in the uterus.--v.t. CROSS'BITE, to bite the biter.--n.pl. CROSS'-BONES, a figure of two thigh-bones laid across each other--together with the skull, a conventional emblem of death.--ns. CROSS'BOW, a weapon for shooting arrows, formed of a bow placed crosswise on a stock; CROSS'BOWER, -BOWMAN, one who uses a crossbow.--adj. CROSS'-BRED.--ns. CROSS'-BREED, a breed produced by the crossing or intermixing of different races; CROSS'-BREED'ING; CROSS'-BUTT'OCK, a particular throw over the hip in wrestling; CROSS'-CHEQUE (see CHEQUE).--adj. CROSS'-COUN'TRY, across the fields rather than by the road.--n. CROSS'-CUT, a short road across from one point to another.--v.t. to cut across.--ns. CROSS'CUT-SAW, a large saw worked by two men, one at each end, for cutting beams crosswise; CROSS'-DIVI'SION, the division of any group into divisions that cut across each other and produce confusion.--adj. CROSSED, marked by a line drawn crosswise, often denoting cancellation: folded: cruciate.--n. CROSS'-EXAMIN[=A]'TION.--v.t. CROSS'-EXAM'INE, to test the evidence of a witness by subjecting him to an examination by the opposite party.--adj. CROSS'-EYED, having a squint.--ns. CROSS'-FERTILIS[=A]'TION, the fecundation of a plant by pollen from another; CROSS'-FIRE (mil.), the crossing of lines of fire from two or more points; CROSS'-GAR'NET, a T-shaped hinge.--adjs. CROSS'-GAR'TERED (Shak.), wearing the garters crossed on the leg; CROSS'-GRAINED, having the grain or fibres crossed or intertwined: perverse: contrary: intractable.--ns. CROSS'-GRAIN'EDNESS; CROSS'-GUARD, the bar, at right angles to the blade, forming the hilt-guard of a sword; CROSS'-HATCH'ING, the art of shading by parallel intersecting lines; CROSS'-HEAD, a beam across the head of something, esp. the bar at the end of the piston-rod of a steam-engine; CROSS'ING, act of going across: the place where a roadway, &c. may be crossed: intersection: act of thwarting: cross-breeding.--adj. CROSS'-LEGGED, having the legs crossed.--adv. CROSS'LY.--ns. CROSS'NESS; CROSS'-PATCH, an ill-natured person; CROSS'-PIECE, a piece of material of any kind crossing another: (naut.) a timber over the windlass, with pins for belaying the running rigging; CROSS'-PUR'POSE, a contrary purpose: contradictory conduct or system: an enigmatical game; CROSS'-QUAR'TERS, an ornament of tracery like the four petals of a cruciform flower: a quatrefoil.--v.t. CROSS'-QUES'TION, to question minutely, to cross-examine.--ns. CROSS'-REF'ERENCE, a reference in a book to another title or passage; CROSS'-ROAD, a road crossing the principal road, a bypath; CROSS'-ROW (same as CHRIST-CROSS-ROW); CROSS'-SEA, a sea that sets at an angle to the direction of the wind; CROSS'-SILL, a railroad sleeper lying under the rails transversely as a support to the stringer; CROSS'-SPRING'ER, a cross-rib in a groined vault; CROSS'-STAFF, a surveying instrument consisting of a staff surmounted with a brass circle divided into four equal parts by two intersecting lines; CROSS'-STONE, chiastolite: staurolite: harmotome; CROSS'-TIE, in a railroad, a timber placed under opposite rails as a support; CROSS'-TIN'ING, a mode of harrowing crosswise.--n.pl. CROSS'TREES, pieces of timber placed across the upper end of the lower-masts and top-masts of a ship.--ns. CROSS'-VAULT'ING, vaulting formed by the intersection of two or more simple vaults; CROSS'WAY, a way that crosses another; CROSS'-WIND, an unfavourable wind, a side-wind.--adv. CROSS'WISE, in the form of a cross: across.--CROSS AS TWO STICKS, particularly perverse and disagreeable.--CROSS THE PATH of any one, to thwart him; CROSS ONE'S MIND, to flash across the mind.

CROSSE, kros, n. the implement used in lacrosse.

CROSSETTE, kro-set', n. a small projecting part of an impost-stone at the extremity of an arch: a shoulder in an arch-stone fitting into the stone next to it. [Fr.]

CROTALARIA, kr[=o]-ta-l[=a]'ri-a, n. a genus of Leguminosæ, the rattlewort. [Gr. krotalon, a rattle.]

CROTALIDÆ, kr[=o]-tal'i-d[=e], n.pl. a family of venomous serpents, including rattlesnakes, copper-heads, &c.

CROTALO, kr[=o]'ta-l[=o], n. a Turkish musical instrument, like the ancient cymbalum.

CROTCH, kroch, n. a fork, as of a tree: the bifurcation of the human body.--adj. CROTCHED. [Ety. obscure.]

CROTCHET, kroch'et, n. a hook: a note in music, equal to half a minim, [Crotchet]: a crooked or perverse fancy: a whim, or conceit.--adjs. CROTCH'ETED, CROTCH'ETY, having crotchets or peculiarities: whimsical.--n. CROTCH'ETEER, a crotchety person. [Fr. crochet, dim. of croche, a hook. See CROCHET.]

CROTON, kr[=o]'ton, n. a genus of tropical plants, producing a brownish-yellow oil, having a hot, biting taste.--ns. CR[=O]'TONATE, a salt formed by the union of crotonic acid with a base; CR[=O]'TON-OIL, a powerful purgative oil, expressed from the seeds of the Croton tiglium, also used externally.--CROTON'IC ACID, an acid obtained from croton-oil. [Gr. krot[=o]n, a tick or mite, which the seed of the plant resembles.]

CROTTLES, krot'ls, n.pl. lichens used for dyeing. [Gael. crotal.]

CROUCH, krowch, v.i. to squat or lie close to the ground: to cringe: to fawn. [Possibly crook.]

CROUCHED-FRIARS = CRUTCHED-FRIARS. See CRUTCH.

CROUCH-WARE, krowch'-w[=a]r, n. a finely finished pottery made with an admixture of pipe-clay in Shropshire: the famous salt-glazed stoneware made at Burslem.

CROUP, kr[=oo]p, n. a severe disease in the throat of children, accompanied by a hoarse cough.--v.i. to cry or speak hoarsely.--n. CROUP'INESS.--adjs. CROUP'OUS, CROUP'Y. [A.S. kropan, to cry; Scot. roup, croup, hoarseness; from the sound.]

CROUP, kr[=oo]p, n. the rump of a horse: the place behind the saddle.--n. CROUP'ON (obs.), the croup: the human buttocks. [Fr. croupe, a protuberance; allied to CROP.]

CROUPADE, kroo-p[=a]d', n. in the manège, a leap in which the horse draws up his hind-legs toward the belly. [Fr.]

CROUPER, kr[=oo]p'[.e]r, n. obsolete form of CRUPPER.

CROUPIER, kr[=oo]'pi-[.e]r, n. one who sits at the lower end of the table as assistant-chairman at a public dinner: a vice-president: he who watches the cards and collects the money at the gaming-table. [Fr., 'one who rides on the croup.']

CROUSE, kr[=oo]s, adj. (Scot.) lively, pert.--adv. boldly, pertly.--adv. CROUSE'LY. [M. E. cr[=u]s; cf. Ger. kraus, Dut. kroes, crisp, cross.]

CROUT, krowt, n. See SAUER-KRAUT.

CROW, kr[=o], n. a large bird, generally black, of the genus Corvus, which includes magpies, nut-crackers, jays, choughs, &c.: the cry of a cock: a crow-bar.--v.i. to croak: to cry as a cock, in joy or defiance: to boast, swagger (with over):--pa.t. crew (kr[=oo]) or crowed; pa.p. crowed.--ns. CROW'-BAR, a large iron bar mostly bent at the end, to be used as a lever; CROW'-BERR'Y, a small creeping shrub, producing small black berries; CROW'-FLOW'ER (Shak.), perhaps the same as CROW'FOOT, a common weed, the flower of which is like a crow's foot, the buttercup: crow's-foot: a number of lines rove through a long wooden block, supporting the backbone of an awning horizontally; CROW'-KEEP'ER (Shak.), a scarecrow; CROW'-QUILL, a pen made of the quill of a crow, &c., for fine writing or etching; CROW'S'-BILL, CROW'-BILL (surg.), a kind of forceps for extracting bullets, &c., from wounds; CROW'S'-FOOT, one of the wrinkles produced by age, spreading out from the corners of the eyes: (mil.) a caltrop; CROW'S'-NEST (naut.), a shelter at the top-gallant mast-head of whalers for the man on the lookout.--n.pl. CROW'-STEPS (see CORBIE).--n. CROW'-TOE (Milt.), probably the same as CROWFOOT.--AS THE CROW FLIES, in a straight line; EAT CROW, or BOILED CROW, to be forced to do something very disagreeable; HAVE A CROW TO PLUCK WITH, to have something to settle with some one. [A.S. crawe, a crow, crawan, to cry like a cock; imit.]

CROWD, krowd, n. a number of persons or things closely pressed together, without order: the rabble: multitude.--v.t. to gather into a lump or crowd: to fill by pressing or driving together: to compress.--v.i. to press on: to press together in numbers: to swarm.--p.adj. CROWD'ED.--CROWD SAIL, to carry a press of sail for speed. [A.S. crúdan, to press.]

CROWD, krowd, n. (obs.) an ancient musical instrument of the nature of the violin.--n. CROWD'ER (obs.), a fiddler. [W. crwth, a hollow protuberance, a fiddle; Gael., Ir. cruit.]

CROWDIE, krowd'i, n. a mixture of meal and water: (Scot.) brose. [Der. unknown.]

CROWN, krown, n. the diadem or state-cap of royalty: regal power: the sovereign: honour: reward, as the 'martyr's crown:' the top of anything, esp. of the head: completion: accomplishment; a coin stamped with a crown, esp. the silver 5s. piece--used also as the translation of the old French écu, worth from six francs (or livres) to three francs: a size of paper, because originally water-marked with a crown: (archit.) a species of spire or lantern, formed by converging flying-buttresses.--v.t. to cover or invest with a crown: to invest with royal dignity: to adorn: to dignify: to complete happily.--ns. CROWN'-AG'ENT, a solicitor in Scotland who prepares criminal prosecutions; CROWN'-ANT'LER, the uppermost antler of the horn of a stag; CROWN'-COL'ONY, a colony whose administration is directly under the home government; CROWN DERBY PORCELAIN (see PORCELAIN).--p.adj. CROWNED, having or wearing a crown: rewarded: consummated.--ns. CROWN'ER (Shak.), a corruption of coroner; CROWN'ET, a coronet: (Shak.) that which crowns or accomplishes; CROWN'-GLASS, a kind of window-glass formed in circular plates or discs; CROWN'-IMP[=E]'RIAL, a plant, a species of fritillary; CROWN'ING.--n.pl. CROWN'-JEW'ELS, jewels pertaining to the crown or sovereign.--ns. CROWN'-LAND, land belonging to the crown or sovereign; CROWN'-LAW'YER, the lawyer who acts for the crown in criminal cases.--adj. CROWN'LESS.--ns. CROWN'LET, a small crown; CROWN'-LIV'ING, a church living in the gift of the crown; CROWN-OFFICE, the office for the business of the crown side of the King's Bench: the office in which the great seal is affixed; CROWN'-P[=A]'PER, in England, a printing-paper of the size 15 × 20 in.: in America, a writing-paper 15 × 19 in.; CROWN'-POST, the same as KING-POST (q.v.); CROWN'-PRINCE, the prince who succeeds to the crown; CROWN'-SAW, a circular saw made by cutting teeth round a cylinder; CROWN'-WHEEL, a wheel resembling a crown, with teeth or cogs set at right angles to its plane; CROWN'-WIT'NESS, a witness for the crown in a criminal prosecution instituted by it; CROWN'WORK (fort.), an outwork composed of a bastion between two curtains, with demi-bastions at the extremes.--CROWN OF THE CAUSEWAY, the middle of the street. [O. Fr. corone (Fr. couronne)--L. corona; cf. Gr. kor[=o]nos, curved.]

CROZE, kr[=o]z, n. the groove in the staves of a cask in which the edge of the head is set.

CROZIER. See CROSIER.

CRUCIAL, kr[=oo]'shi-al, adj. testing, searching, from the practice of marking a testing instance with a cross to draw attention to it.--adj. CRU'CI[=A]TE (bot.), arranged in the form of a cross, as leaves or petals. [Fr. crucial, from L. crux, crucis, a cross.]

CRUCIAN, CRUSIAN, kroo'shi-an, n. the German carp, having no barbels.

CRUCIBLE, kr[=oo]'si-bl, n. an earthen pot for melting ores, metals, &c. [Low L. crucibulum, most prob. from L. crux.]

CRUCIFERÆ, kroo-sif'[.e]r-[=e], n. a natural order of exogenous plants (many edible), having a corolla of four petals arranged in the form of a cross.--n. CRUC'IFER, a cross-bearer in a procession.--adj. CRUCIF'EROUS (bot.), bearing four petals in the form of a cross. [L. crux, crucis, a cross, ferre, to bear.]

CRUCIFY, kr[=oo]'si-f[=i], v.t. to put to death by fixing the hands and feet to a cross: to subdue completely: to mortify: to torment:--pa.p. cru'cified.--ns. CRUCIF[=I]'ER, one who crucifies; CRU'CIFIX, a figure or picture of Christ fixed to the cross; CRUCIFIX'ION, death on the cross, esp. that of Christ.--adjs. CRU'CIFORM, in the form of a cross; CRUCIG'EROUS, bearing a cross. [O. Fr. crucifier--L. crucifig[)e]re, crucifixum--crux, and fig[)e]re, to fix.]

CRUDE, kr[=oo]d, adj. raw, unprepared: not reduced to order or form: unfinished: undigested: immature.--adv. CRUDE'LY.--ns. CRUDE'NESS; CRUD'ITY, rawness: unripeness: that which is crude.--adj. CRUD'Y (Shak.), crude, raw. [L. crudus, raw.]

CRUEL, kr[=oo]'el, adj. disposed to inflict pain, or pleased at suffering: void of pity, merciless, savage: severe.--adj. CRU'EL-HEART'ED, delighting in cruelty: hard-hearted: unrelenting.--adv. CRU'ELLY.--ns. CRU'ELNESS (obs.); CRU'ELTY. [Fr. cruel--L. crudelis.]

CRUET, kr[=oo]'et, n. a small jar or phial for sauces and condiments.--n. CRU'ET-STAND, a stand or frame for holding cruets. [Acc. to Skeat, prob. formed from Dut. kruik, a jar = Eng. crock; and acc. to E. Müller, dim. of O. Fr. cruye (mod. Fr. cruche, cruchette, a jar), from root of crock.]

CRUISE, kr[=oo]z, v.i. to sail to and fro: to rove on the sea.--n. a sailing to and fro: a voyage in various directions in search of an enemy, or for the protection of vessels.--n. CRUIS'ER. [Dut. kruisen, to cross--kruis, a cross.]

CRUISIE. See CRUSIE.

CRUISKEN, kroos'ken, n. (Ir.) a small bottle.--Also CRUIS'KEEN.

CRUIVE, CRUVE, kr[=oo]v, n. (Scot.) a sty, hovel: a wattled hedge built on tidal flats for catching fish.

CRULLER, krul'[.e]r, n. a cake cut from rolled dough made of eggs, butter, sugar, flour, &c., fried crisp in boiling lard. [Cf. Dut. krullen, to curl.]

CRUMB, krum, n. a small bit or morsel of bread: a small particle of anything: the soft part of bread.--v.t. to break into crumbs: to fill with crumbs.--ns. CRUMB'-BRUSH, a brush for sweeping crumbs off the table; CRUMB'-CLOTH, a cloth laid under a table to keep falling crumbs from the carpet.--adjs. CRUMB'Y, CRUM'MY, in crumbs: soft. [A.S. cruma; Dut. kruim; Ger. krume; allied to crimp.]

CRUMBLE, krum'bl, v.t. to break into crumbs: to scatter in crumbs.--v.i. to fall into small pieces: to decay.--n. a crumb: that which crumbles easily.--adj. CRUMB'LY, apt to crumble, brittle. [Orig. dim. of CRUMB; Dut. kruimelen; Ger. krümeln.]

CRUMENAL, kr[=oo]'me-nal, n. (Spens.) a purse. [From L. crumena, a purse.]

CRUMP, krump, adj. crooked: wrinkled.--ns. CRUM'MY, a cow with a crumpled horn; CRUMP'ET, a kind of crumby or soft cake or muffin.--adj. CRUMP'Y, crump: easily broken. [A.S. crump--crumb, crooked; Ger. krumm. Cf. CRAMP, CRIMP.]

CRUMPLE, krump'l, v.t. to contort: to mark with or draw into folds or wrinkles: to crease.--v.i. to become wrinkled: to contract or shrink.--adj. CRUMP'LED.--n. CRUMP'LING. [Formed from CRUMP.]

CRUNCH, krunsh, v.t. to crush with the teeth: to chew anything hard, and so make a noise.--n. the act of crunching. [From the sound; cf. Fr. grincer.]

CRUNKLE, krunk'l, v.i. to crumple.

CRUNT, krunt, n. (Scot.) a blow on the head.

CRUOR, kr[=oo]'or, n. coagulated blood.--n. CRU'ORINE, the red colouring matter of blood corpuscles.

CRUP, krup, adj. (prov.) brittle.

CRUPPER, krup'[.e]r, n. a strap of leather fastened to the saddle and passing under the horse's tail to keep the saddle in its place: the hind part of a horse. [Fr. cropière--crope, the croup.]

CRURAL, kr[=oo]'ral, adj. belonging to or shaped like a leg. [L. cruralis, from crus, cruris, the leg.]

CRUSADE, kroo-s[=a]d', n. a military expedition under the banner of the cross to recover the Holy Land from the Turks: any daring or romantic undertaking.--v.i. to go on a crusade.--n. CRUSAD'ER, one engaged in a crusade. [Fr. croisade--Prov. crozada--croz, a cross--L. crux, a cross.]

CRUSADO, kroo-s[=a]'do, n. a Portuguese coin, so called because marked with a cross. [Port. cruzado.]

CRUSE, kr[=oo]z, n. an earthen pot: a small cup or bottle. [Cf. Ice. krus; Dan. kruus; Ger. krause.]

CRUSET, kr[=oo]'set, n. a goldsmith's crucible. [Fr. creuset.]

CRUSH, krush, v.t. to break or bruise: to squeeze together: to beat down or overwhelm: to subdue: to ruin.--v.i. to become broken under pressure.--n. a violet squeezing: a vast crowd of persons or things.--adj. CRUSHED, broken by pressure: subdued: oppressed.--ns. CRUSH'ER, he who, or that which, crushes or subdues: (slang) a policeman; CRUSH'-HAT, a hat so constructed as to collapse and become flat: an opera-hat.--adj. CRUSH'ING, bruising: overwhelming.--adv. CRUSH'INGLY.--n. CRUSH'-ROOM, a room in a theatre, &c., where the audience may promenade during the intervals of the entertainment.--CRUSH A CUP, to empty a cup: to quaff.--CRUSHED STRAWBERRY, of the colour of strawberries that have been crushed. [O. Fr. croissir; per. cog. with Mid. High Ger. krosen, to crunch.]

CRUSIE, CRUSY, kr[=oo]z'i, n. (Scot.) a lamp which burns oil. [From CRUSET.]

CRUST, krust, n. the hard rind or outside coating of anything: the outer part of bread: covering of a pie, &c.: (geol.) the solid exterior of the earth.--v.t. to cover with a crust or hard case.--v.i. to gather into a hard crust.--adj. CRUST[=A]T'ED, covered with a crust.--n. CRUST[=A]'TION, an adherent crust.--adv. CRUST'ILY.--n. CRUST'INESS.--adj. CRUST'Y, of the nature of or having a crust, as port or other wine: having a hard or harsh exterior: hard: snappy: surly. [O. Fr.,--L. crusta, rind.]

CRUSTA, krus'ta, n. something, as a gem, prepared for inlaying: a hard coating: a cocktail served in a glass, its rim encrusted in sugar:--pl. CRUSTÆ ([=e]).

CRUSTACEA, krus-t[=a]'shi-a, n.pl. a large class of Arthropod animals, almost all aquatic, including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, sand-hoppers, wood-lice, water-fleas, barnacles, acorn-shells, &c.--n. CRUST[=A]'CEAN, one of the crustacea.--adj. CRUSTACEOLOG'ICAL.--ns. CRUSTACEOL'OGIST; CRUSTACEOL'OGY, the science which treats of the crustacea.--adjs. CRUST[=A]'CEOUS, CRUST[=A]'CEAN, pertaining to the crustacea, or shellfish.

CRUT, krut, n. (prov.) a dwarf.

CRUTCH, kruch, n. a staff with a cross-piece at the head to place under the arm of a lame person: any support like a crutch.--v.t. to support: to prop.--v.i. to go on crutches.--adj. CRUTCHED, marked by the sign of or wearing a cross.--n.pl. CRUTCHED'-FR[=I]'ARS, an order of friars so called from the sign of the cross which they wore--Crouched- or Crossed-friars. [From root of CROOK; perh. modified by L. crux.]

CRUX, kruks, n. a cross: (fig.) something that occasions difficulty. [L. crux, a cross.]

CRWTH, kröth, n. an old Welsh stringed instrument, four of its six strings played with a bow, two twitched by the thumb. [W.]

CRY, kr[=i], v.i. to utter a shrill loud sound, esp. one expressive of pain or grief: to lament: to weep: to bawl.--v.t. to utter loudly: to proclaim or make public:--pa.t. and pa.p. cried.--n. any loud sound, esp. of grief or pain: a fit of weeping: a pack of hounds, hence of people: particular sound uttered by an animal: bawling: lamentation: prayer: clamour:--pl. CRIES.--ns. CR[=I]'ER; CRY'ING, act of calling loudly: weeping.--adj. calling loudly: claiming notice: notorious.--CRY AGAINST, to protest against; CRY DOWN, to condemn: to decry; CRY OFF, to withdraw from a bargain; CRY ON, to call upon: to invoke; CRY UP, to praise: extol.--A FAR CRY, a great distance; GREAT CRY AND LITTLE WOOL, appearance without reality: much ado about nothing; HUE AND CRY (see HUE); IN FULL CRY, in full pursuit, used of dogs in hunt; WITHIN CRY OF, within hearing distance. [Fr. crier--L. quirit[=a]re, to scream--freq. of L. queri, to lament.]

CRYOLITE, kr[=i]'o-l[=i]t, n. a mineral found on the coast of Greenland, consisting mainly of a fluoride of aluminium in combination with fluoride of sodium. [Gr. kryos, frost, and lithos, a stone.]

CRYOPHORUS, kr[=i]-of'o-rus, n. an instrument for showing the decrease of temperature in water by evaporation. [Gr. kryos, frost, and pherein, to bear.]

CRYPT, kript, n. an underground cell or chapel, esp. one used for burial.--adjs. CRYP'TIC, -AL, hidden: secret: unseen. [L. crypta--Gr. krypt[=e]--kryptein, to conceal. Doublet of GROT.]

CRYPTOGAMIA, krip-to-g[=a]'mi-a, n. the class of flowerless plants, or those which have their fructification concealed.--n. CRYP'TOGAM.--adjs. CRYPTOG[=A]'MIAN, CRYPTOGAM'IC, CRYPTOG'AMOUS.--ns. CRYPTOG'AMIST; CRYPTOG'AMY. [Gr. kryptos, concealed, and gamos, marriage.]

CRYPTOGRAM, krip't[=o]-gram, n. a cryptograph.--ns. CRYPTAD'IA, things to be kept secret; CRYPTOL'OGY, secret language; CRYP'TONYM, a secret name.

CRYPTOGRAPHY, krip-tog'ra-fi, n. the art of secret writing: the character or cipher so used.--ns. CRYPT'OGRAPH; CRYPTOG'RAPHER.--adjs. CRYPTOGRAPH'IC, -AL. [Gr. kryptos, secret, and graphein, to write.]

CRYSTAL, kris'tal, n. a superior kind of quartz, clear like ice: (chem.) a piece of matter which has assumed a definite geometrical form, with plane faces.--adjs. CRYS'TAL, CRYS'TALL[=I]NE, consisting of or like crystal in clearness, &c.; CRYS'TALFORM; CRYS'TALL[=I]SABLE, capable of being crystallised or formed into crystals.--n. CRYSTALL[=I]S[=A]'TION, the act of crystallising.--v.t. CRYS'TALL[=I]SE, to reduce to the form of a crystal.--v.i. to assume a crystalline form.--ns. CRYS'TALLITE; CRYSTALLOGEN'ESIS.--adj. CRYSTALLOGEN'IC.--n. CRYSTALLOG'RAPHER, one skilled in crystallography.--adj. CRYSTALLOGRAPH'IC--n. CRYSTALLOG'RAPHY, the science of crystallisation.--adj. CRYS'TALLOID, having the form of a crystal.--n. a name given by Graham to a class of substances which when in solution pass easily through membranes.--n. CRYS'TALLOMANCY, a mode of divination by means of transparent bodies. [O. Fr. cristol--L. crystallum--Gr. krystallos, ice--kryos, frost.]

CTENOID, t[=e]'noid, adj. comb-shaped, applied by Agassiz to the scales and fins of certain fishes, as the perch, &c.--adj. and n. CTENOID'EAN. [Gr. kteis, ktenos, a comb, eidos, form.]

CTENOPHORA, ten-of'o-ra, n.pl. a sub-class of Coelenterates--beautifully delicate, free-swimming marine organisms, generally globular, moving by means of comb-like plates. [Gr. kteis, ktenos, a comb, pherein, to carry.]

CUB, kub, n. the young of certain animals, as foxes, &c.: a whelp: a young boy or girl (in contempt).--v.i. to bring forth young:--pr.p. cub'bing; pa.p. cubbed.--adjs. CUB'BISH, like a cub: awkward; CUB'-DRAWN (Shak.), drawn or sucked by cubs.--n. CUB'HOOD.--adj. CUB'LESS, without cubs. [Prob. Celt., as Ir. cuib, a whelp, from cu, a dog.]

CUB, kub, n. a cattle-pen: chest.

CUBAN, k[=u]'ban, n. a native of the island of Cuba in the West Indies.--adj. pertaining to Cuba.

CUBE, k[=u]b, n. a solid body having six equal square faces, a solid square: the third power of a number, as--2 × 2 × 2 = 8.--v.t. to raise to the third power.--ns. C[=U]'BAGE, CUB[=A]'TION, C[=U]'BATURE, the act of finding the solid or cubic content of a body: the result thus found.--adjs. C[=U]'BIC, -AL, pertaining to a cube: of the third power or degree: solid.--adv. C[=U]'BICALLY.--n. C[=U]'BICALNESS, state or quality of being cubical.--adjs. C[=U]'BIFORM; C[=U]'BOID, CUBOID'AL, resembling a cube in shape.--CUBE ROOT, the number or quantity that produces a given cube by being raised to the third power--thus 2 is the cube root of 8. [Fr.,--L. cubus--Gr. kybos, a die.]

CUBEB, k[=u]'beb, n. the dried berry of Piper cubeba, a climbing shrub, native to Sumatra--useful as a stomachic and carminative in indigestion, for piles and for sore throats.--n. CUBEB'IN, a crystallising substance in cubebs. [Fr. cubèbe--Ar. kab[=a]bah.]

CUBICA, k[=u]'bi-ka, n. a fine worsted for linings.

CUBICLE, k[=u]'bi-kl, n. a bedroom.

CUBIT, k[=u]'bit, n. a measure employed by the ancients, equal to the length of the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger, from 18 to 22 inches--also C[=U]'BITUS.--adj. C[=U]'BITAL, of the length of a cubit. [L. cubitum, the elbow; cf. L. cub[=a]re, to lie down.]

CUCKING-STOOL, kuk'ing-st[=oo]l, n. a stool in which scolds and other culprits were placed, usually before their own door, to be pelted by the mob. [Mentioned in Domesday Book as in use in Chester, and called cathedra stercoris. From an obs. word cuck, to ease one's self; cf. Ice. kúka.]

CUCKOLD, kuk'old, n. a man whose wife has proved unfaithful.--v.t. to wrong (a husband) by unchastity.--v.t. CUCK'OLDISE, to make a cuckold.--adv. CUCK'OLDLY (Shak.).--ns. CUCK'OLD-MAK'ER; CUCK'OLDOM, state of a cuckold: act of adultery; CUCK'OLDRY, adultery. [O. Fr. cucuault--cucu, cuckoo.]

CUCKOO, kook'k[=oo], n. a bird which cries cuckoo, remarkable for laying its eggs in the nests of other birds.--ns. CUCK'OO-BUD (Shak.), name of a plant; CUCK'OO-CLOCK, a clock in which the hours are told by a cuckoo-call; CUCK'OO-FLOW'ER, a species of Cardamine--called also Lady's Smock; CUCK'OO-PINT, the Wake-robin, Arum maculatum; CUCK'OO-SPIT, -SPIT'TLE, a frothy spittle, made by many insects parasitic on plants, surrounding the larvæ and pupæ.

CUCULLATE, -D, k[=u]'kul-l[=a]t, -ed, adj. hooded: shaped like a hood. [L. cucullatus--cucullus, a hood.]

CUCUMBER, k[=u]'kum-b[.e]r, n. a creeping plant, with heart-shaped leaves, rough with bristly hairs, and large oblong fruit used as a salad and pickle--a native of southern Asia.--adj. CUCUM'IFORM. [L. cucumis, cucumeris.]

CUCURBIT, k[=u]'kur-bit, n. a chemical vessel used in distillation, originally shaped like a gourd.--adjs. CUCUR'BITAL, CUCURBIT[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to the Cucurbitaceæ, mostly herbaceous climbers, as the gourd, melon, &c.; CUCUR'BITIVE, like a gourd-seed. [Fr. cucurbite--L. cucurbita, a gourd.]

CUD, kud, n. the food brought from the first stomach of a ruminating animal back into the mouth and chewed again.--n. CUD'WEED, the popular name for many species of plants covered with a cottony down.--CHEW THE CUD, to meditate. [A.S. cwidu.]

CUDBEAR, kud'b[=a]r, n. a purple or violet coloured powder prepared from a lichen, used in dyeing. [A corr. of Cuthbert--from Dr Cuthbert Gordon, who first made it an article of commerce.]

CUDDLE, kud'l, v.t. to hug: to embrace: to fondle.--v.i. to lie close and snug together.--n. a close embrace. [Perh. a freq. of M. E. couth, cosy.]

CUDDY, kud'i, n. a small cabin or cookroom, in the fore-part of a boat or lighter: in large vessels, the officers' cabin under the poopdeck. [Origin uncertain; cf. Fr. cahute; Dut. kajuit; Ger. kajüte.]

CUDDY, kud'i, n. the right of a lord to entertainment from his tenant: rent: (Spens.) Cuddeehih. [Corr. of Ir. cuid oidhche--cuid, a share, oidhche, night.]

CUDDY, CUDDIE, kud'i, n. a donkey: (Scot.) a stupid person. [Perh. formed from Cuthbert.]

CUDGEL, kud'jel, n. a heavy staff: a club.--v.t. to beat with a cudgel:--pr.p. cud'gelling; pa.p. cud'gelled.--ns. CUD'GELLER; CUD'GELLING.--adj. CUD'GEL-PROOF, not to be hurt by beating.--TAKE UP THE CUDGELS, to engage in a contest. [A.S. cycgel.]

CUE, k[=u], n. the last words of an actor's speech serving as a hint to the next speaker: any hint: the part one has to play. [Acc. to some from Fr. queue, tail, as the ending words of the last speech; in 17th cent. written Q, and derived from L. quando, 'when,' i.e. when the actor was to begin.]

CUE, k[=u], n. a twist of hair at the back of the head: a rod used in playing billiards.--v.t. of the hair, to form in a cue. [Fr. queue--L. cauda, a tail.]

CUFF, kuf, n. a stroke with the open hand.--v.t. to strike with the open hand: to beat. [Origin obscure; cf. Sw. kuffa, to knock.]

CUFF, kuf, n. the end of the sleeve near the wrist: a covering for the wrist: a handcuff (q.v.). [Prob. cog. with COIF.]

CUFF, kuf, n. Scotch form of SCRUFF.--CUFF OF THE NECK. See SCRUFF.

CUFFIN, kuf'in, n. a man: a justice of the peace. [Thieves' slang.]

CUFIC, k[=u]f'ik, adj. of or pertaining to Cufa, esp. applied to the kind of writing of the scholars of Cufa in Asiatic Turkey, seat of the most expert copyists of the Koran.

CUIRASS, kwi-ras', or k[=u]-, n. a defensive covering for the breast and back, of leather or iron fastened with straps and buckles, &c.--v.t. to furnish with such.--n. CUIRASSIER', a horse-soldier armed with such. [Fr. cuirasse--cuir, leather--L. corium, skin leather.]

CUIR-BOUILLI, kw[=e]r-b[=oo]'lyi, n. leather softened by boiling, then dried, retaining the impressions made on it.--Also CUIR-BOUILLY.

CUISINE, kwe-z[=e]n', n. a kitchen or cooking department: cookery.--n. CUISIN'IER, a cook. [Fr. (It. cucina)--L. coquina--coqu[)e]re, to cook.]

CUISSE, kwis, CUISH, kwish, n. armour for the thighs, consisting of iron plates laid horizontally over each other and riveted together. [Fr. cuisse (It. coscia, the thigh)--L. coxa, the hip.]

CUITER, küt'[.e]r, v.t. (Scot.) to fondle, pamper.

CUITTLE, küt'l, v.t. to curry: (Scot.) to cajole.

CULCH, kulch, n. (prov.) rubbish.

CULDEE, kul'd[=e], n. one of a fraternity of monks living in Scotland in the 8th century in groups of cells. [Acc. to Reeves and Skene, the old Ir. céle dé, 'servants of God,' or 'companions of God'--Latinised by Boece into Culdei, as if cultores Dei.]

CUL-DE-FOUR, k[=oo]-de-foor, n. (archit.) a sort of low spherical vault, oven-like.--ns. CUL-DE-LAMPE, an ornamental design used in filling up blank spaces in a book; CUL-DE-SAC, a street, &c., closed at one end: a blind alley. [Fr. cul, bottom--L. culus; Fr. four, furnace, lampe, lamp, sac, sack.]

CULET, k[=u]'let, n. the small flat surface at the back or bottom of a brilliant: the part of armour protecting the body behind, from the waist downwards--also CULETTE. [O. Fr., cul--L. culus, the rump.]

CULEX, k[=u]'leks, n. the typical genus of Culicidæ or gnats--adj. CULIC'IFORM, gnat-like. [L.]

CULINARY, k[=u]'lin-ar-i, adj. pertaining to the kitchen or to cookery: used in the kitchen. [L. culinarius--culina, a kitchen.]

CULL, kul, v.t. to select, pick out.--ns. CULL'ER; CULL'ING. [Fr. cueillir, to gather--L. collig[)e]re--col, together, leg[)e]re, to gather. Doublet of COLLECT.]

CULLENDER. See COLANDER.

CULLET, kul'et, n. refuse glass.

CULLION, kul'yun, n. a wretch: a cowardly fellow.--adj. CULL'IONLY (Shak.), mean, base. [Fr. couillon, a poltroon (It. coglione)--L. coleus, a leather bag.]

CULLIS, kul'is, n. a gutter in a roof: a groove, as for a side-scene in a theatre. [Fr. coulisse.]

CULLY, kul'i, n. a mean dupe.--v.t. to deceive meanly:--pa.p. cull'ied.--ns. CULL, a dupe; CULL'YISM, state of being a cully. [Prob. a contr. of CULLION.]

CULM, kulm, n. the stalk or stem of corn or of grasses.--v.i. to form a culm.--adj. CULMIF'EROUS, having a culm. [L. culmus, a stalk.]

CULM, kulm, n. coal-dust: name given in some parts of England to anthracite or stone-coal.--adj. CULMIF'EROUS, producing culm. [See COOM.]

CULMEN, kul'men, n. highest point: the median length-wise ridge of a bird's upper mandible. [L.]

CULMINATE, kul'min-[=a]t, v.i. (astron.) to be vertical or at the highest point of altitude: to reach the highest point (with in).--adj. CUL'MINANT, at its highest point.--n. CULMIN[=A]'TION, act of culminating: the top: (astron.) transit of a body across the meridian or highest point for the day. [Low L. culmin[=a]re, from L. culmen, properly columen, a summit.]

CULOTTIC, kul-ot'ic, adj. wearing trousers: (Carlyle) respectable. [Fr. culotte, breeches.]

CULPABLE, kul'pa-bl, adj. faulty: criminal.--ns. CULPABIL'ITY, CUL'PABLENESS, liability to blame.--adv. CUL'PABLY.--adj. CUL'PATORY, expressive of blame. [O. Fr. coupable--L. culpabilis--culpa, a fault.]

CULPRIT, kul'prit, n. one in fault: a criminal: (Eng. law) a prisoner accused but not yet tried. [From the fusion in legal phraseology of cul. (culpable, culpabilis), and prit, prist (O. Fr. prest), ready. Not culpate--law L. culpatus, a person accused.]

CULT, kult, n. a system of religious belief, worship.--Also CULT'US. [L. cultus--col[)e]re, to worship.]

CULTER, kul't[.e]r, n. obsolete form of COULTER.--adjs. CULTIROS'TRAL, CULTUROS'TRAL; CUL'TRATE, -D, shaped like a pruning-knife; CUL'TRIFORM, in the form of a pruning-knife: sharp-edged.

CULTISM, kult'ism, n. a style of writing after the manner of Luis de Góngora y Argote (1561-1627), a Spanish lyric poet--estilo culto, being florid, pedantic, often obscure.--ns. CULT'IST, CULT'ORIST. [Sp. culte, elegant--L. cultus.]

CULTIVATE, kul'ti-v[=a]t, v.i. to till or produce by tillage: to prepare for crops: to devote attention to: to civilise or refine.--adjs. CUL'TIVABLE, CULTIVAT'ABLE, capable of being cultivated.--ns. CULTIV[=A]'TION, the art or practice of cultivating: civilisation: refinement; CUL'TIVATOR.--CULTIVATE A PERSON'S FRIENDSHIP, to endeavour to get his good-will. [Low L. cultiv[=a]re, -[=a]tum--L. col[)e]re, to till, to worship.]

CULTURE, kul't[=u]r, n. cultivation: the state of being cultivated: refinement the result of cultivation.--v.t. to cultivate: to improve.--adjs. CUL'TURABLE; CUL'TURAL.--p.adj. CUL'TURED, cultivated: well educated: refined.--adj. CUL'TURELESS. [L. cult[=u]ra--col[)e]re.]

CULTUS. See CULT.

CULVER, kul'v[.e]r, n. a dove: a pigeon.--n. CUL'VER-KEY, an herb, probably the columbine, having key-shaped flowerets.--adj. CUL'VERTAILED, dovetailed. [A.S. culfre, prob. from L. columba.]

CULVERIN, kul'v[.e]r-in, n. one of the earlier forms of cannon of great length, generally an 18-pounder, weighing 50 cwt.--ns. CUL'VERINEER; DEM'I-CUL'VERIN, a 9-pounder, weighing 30 cwt. [Fr. coulevrine, from couleuvre, a serpent.]

CULVER'S PHYSIC, ROOT, n. popular name of a kind of speedwell, the rhizome of Veronica virginica, used medicinally. [Prob. from one Dr Culver.]

CULVERT, kul'v[.e]rt, n. an arched channel of masonry for carrying water beneath a road, railway, &c. [Perh. from Fr. couler, to flow--L. col[=a]re.]

CULVERTAGE, kul'ver-t[=a]j, n. degradation of a vassal to the position of a serf. [O. Fr. culvert, a serf.]

CUMBENT, kum'bent, adj. lying down; reclining. [L. cumbens, -entis, pr.p. of cumb[)e]re, to lie down.]

CUMBER, kum'b[.e]r, v.t. to trouble or hinder with something useless: to retard, trouble.--n. encumbrance: cumbering.--adj. CUM'BERED, hampered: obstructed.--ns. CUM'BERER; CUM'BER-GROUND, a useless thing, from Luke, xiii. 7.--adj. CUM'BERLESS, unencumbered.--ns. CUM'BERMENT, CUM'BRANCE, encumbrance.--adjs. CUM'BERSOME, unwieldy: heavy; CUM'BROUS, hindering: obstructing: heavy.--adv. CUM'BROUSLY.--n. CUM'BROUSNESS. [O. Fr. combrer, to hinder--Low L. cumbrus, a heap; corr. of L. cumulus, a heap.]

CUMBRIAN, kum'bri-an, adj. (geol.) of or pertaining to a system of slaty rocks best developed in Cumberland and Westmorland, now merged in the Cambrian or Silurian system.

CUMIN, CUMMIN, kum'in, n. an umbelliferous plant, common in Egypt, and cultivated in southern Europe and India--its seeds, resembling the caraway, valuable as carminatives. [L. cuminum--Gr. kyminon, cog. with Heb. kammôn.]

CUMMER, kum'[.e]r, KIMMER, kim'[.e]r, n. a gossip: a woman: (Scot.) a girl. [Fr. commère--L. con, with, mater, mother.]

CUMMERBUND, kum'[.e]r-bund, n. a waist-belt, a sash. [Anglo-Ind.--Pers. kamarband, a loin-band.]

CUMSHAW, kum'shaw, n. a gift, a tip. [Pidgin-English.]

CUMULATE, k[=u]m'[=u]-l[=a]t, v.t. to heap together: to accumulate.--adjs. CUM'ULATE, -D, heaped up.--n. CUMUL[=A]'TION (= Accumulation).--adj. CUM'ULATIVE, increasing by successive additions.--adv. CUM'ULATIVELY. [L. cumul[=a]re, -[=a]tum--cumulus, a heap.]

CUMULUS, k[=u]'m[=u]-lus, n. a heap; a kind of cloud common in summer, consisting of rounded heaps with a darker horizontal base.--adjs. C[=U]'MULIFORM; C[=U]'MULOSE.--n. C[=U]'MULO-STR[=A]'TUS, a cloud looking like a combination of the cumulus and stratus. [L. cumulus, a heap, and stratus.]

CUNABULA, k[=u]-nab'ul-a, n.pl. a cradle. [L.]

CUNARDER, k[=u]n-ard'[.e]r, n. one of a certain line of steamships between England and America. [Founded by Sir Samuel Cunard (1787-1865).]

CUNCTATOR, kungk-t[=a]'tor, n. one who delays or puts off.--n. CUNCT[=A]'TION, delay.--adjs. CUNCT[=A]'TIOUS, CUNCT[=A]'TIVE, CUNCT[=A]'TORY, inclined to delay. [L.,--cunct[=a]ri, to delay.]

CUNEAL, k[=u]'ne-al, CUNEATE, k[=u]'ne-[=a]t, adj. of the form of a wedge.--adjs. CUN[=E]'IFORM, C[=U]'NIFORM, wedge-shaped--specially applied to the old Babylonian and Assyrian writing, of which the characters have a wedge-shape. [L. cuneus, a wedge.]

CUNETTE. See CUVETTE.

CUNNING, kun'ing, adj. knowing: skilful: artful: crafty.--n. knowledge: skill: faculty of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose: artifice.--adv. CUNN'INGLY.--n. CUNN'INGNESS, quality of being cunning: artfulness, slyness. [A.S. cunnan, to know.]

CUP, kup, n. a vessel used to contain liquid: a drinking-vessel: the liquid contained in a cup: that which we must receive or undergo: afflictions: blessings.--v.i. to extract blood from the body by means of cupping-glasses: (Shak.) to make drunk:--pr.p. cup'ping; pa.p. cupped.--ns. CUP'-BEAR'ER, one who attends at a feast to fill out and hand the wine; CUPBOARD (kub'urd), a place for keeping victuals, dishes, &c.--v.t. to store.--ns. CUP'BOARD-LOVE, -FAITH, love or faith indulged in for a material end; CUP'FUL, as much as fills a cup:--pl. CUP'FULS; CUP'-GALL, a cup-shaped gall in oak-leaves; CUP'-L[=I]'CHEN, or -MOSS, a species of Cladonia; CUP'MAN, a boon companion; CUP'PER, a cup-bearer: one professionally engaged in cupping; CUP'PING, the application of cups from which the air has been exhausted to a scarified part of the skin for the purpose of drawing blood; CUP'PING-GLASS, a glass used in the operation of cupping; DRY'-CUP'PING, the application of cups without previous scarification; LOV'ING-CUP, a cup (from which all drink) passed round at the close of a feast.--CRY CUPBOARD, to cry for food; IN HIS CUPS, under the influence of liquor; MANY A SLIP BETWEEN THE CUP AND THE LIP, a proverb signifying that something adverse may occur at the last moment. [A.S. cuppe (Fr. coupe, It. coppa, a cup, the head); all from L. cupa, cuppa, a tub.]

CUPEL, k[=u]'pel, n. a small vessel used by goldsmiths in assaying precious metals.--v.t. to assay in a cupel.--n. CUPELL[=A]'TION, the process of assaying precious metals. [L. cupella, dim. of cupa. See CUP.]

CUPIDITY, k[=u]-pid'i-ti, n. covetousness.--n. C[=U]'PID, the god of love. [L. cupiditas--cup[)e]re, to desire.]

CUPOLA, k[=u]'po-la, n. a spherical vault, or concave ceiling, on the top of a building: the internal part of a dome: a dome.--v.t. to furnish with such. [It.; dim. of Low L. cupa, a cup--L. cupa, a tub.]

CUPREOUS, k[=u]p'r[=e]-us, CUPRIC, k[=u]p'rik, adj. of or containing copper.--adj. CUPRIF'EROUS, producing copper.--n. C[=U]'PRITE, the red oxide of copper. [L. cuprum, copper, ferre, to bear.]

CUPRESSUS, k[=u]-pres'us, n. the cypress genus of coniferous trees. [L.]

CUPULE, k[=u]'p[=u]l, n. (bot.) a shortened axis with a number of more or less cohering bracts enclosing the ripening fruit--also C[=U]'PULA.--adj. CUPULIF'EROUS, bearing cupules. [L. cupula, dim. of cupa, a tub, and ferre, to carry.]

CUR, kur, n. a worthless dog, of low breed: a churlish fellow.--adj. CUR'RISH.--adv. CUR'RISHLY.--n. CUR'RISHNESS. [M. E. curre; cf. Old Dut. korre, Dan. kurre, to whir.]

CURAÇOA, koo-ra-s[=o]'a, n. a liqueur so named from the island of Curaçao in the West Indies, where it was first made.--Also CURAÇA'O.

CURARI, koo-rä'ri, n. a poison used by South American Indians for their arrows--also CURA'RA.--n. CURA'RINE, a highly poisonous alkaloid extracted from curari. [From the native name.]

CURASSOW, k[=u]-ras'[=o], n. a large turkey-like South American bird.

CURATE, k[=u]r'[=a]t, n. one who has the cure of souls: an inferior clergyman in the Church of England, assisting a rector or vicar.--ns. CUR'ACY, CUR'ATESHIP, the office, employment, or benefice of a curate. [Low L. curatus, from L. cura, care.]

CURATOR, k[=u]r-[=a]'tor, n. one who has the charge of anything: a superintendent: one appointed by law as guardian: a member of a board for electing university professors and the like:--fem. CUR[=A]'TRIX.--n. CUR[=A]'TORSHIP, the office of a curator. [L. curator, an overseer--cur[=a]re, to cure.]

CURB, kurb, v.t. to bend to one's will: to subdue: to restrain or check: to furnish with or guide by a curb.--n. that which curbs: a check or hinderance: a chain or strap attached to the bit of a bridle for restraining the horse.--adjs. CURB'ABLE; CURB'LESS.--ns. CURB'-ROOF, a roof whose upper rafters have a less inclination than the lower ones; CURB'STONE, KERB'STONE, a stone placed edgeways against earth or stone work to check it. [Fr. courber, from L. curvus, crooked, bent.]

CURCH, kurch, n. a covering for the head, a kerchief.

CURCULIO, kur-k[=u]'li-o, n. the fruit-weevil. [L.]

CURCUMA, kur'k[=u]-ma, n. a genus of plants yielding turmeric.--n. CUR'CUMINE, the colouring matter of turmeric. [Fr.,--Ar. kurkum, saffron.]

CURD, kurd, n. milk thickened or coagulated: the cheese part of milk, as distinguished from the whey.--n. CURD'INESS.--v.i. CURD'LE, to turn into curd: to congeal: to thicken.--v.t. to congeal.--adj. CURD'Y, like or full of curd. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. gruth, Ir. cruth.]

CURE, k[=u]r, n. care of souls or spiritual charge: care of the sick: act of healing: that which heals: a remedy, or course of remedial treatment.--v.t. to heal: to preserve, as by drying, salting, &c.:--pr.p. c[=u]r'ing; pa.p. c[=u]red.--adj. CUR'ABLE, that may be cured.--ns. CUR'ABLENESS, CURABIL'ITY, quality of being curable; CURE'-ALL, a panacea.--adjs. CUR'ATIVE, CUR'ATORY, tending to cure; CURE'LESS, that cannot be cured.--ns. CUR'ER, one who cures: a physician; CUR'ING-HOUSE, a house or place in which anything is cured, esp. a building in which sugar is drained, as in the West Indies. [O. Fr. cure---L. cura, care; not the same as CARE.]

CURÉ, k[=u]'r[=a], n. a parish priest in France.

CURFEW, kur'f[=u], n. in feudal times the ringing of a bell at eight o'clock, as a signal to put out all fires and lights. [O. Fr. covrefeu; couvrir, to cover, feu, fire--L. focus.]

CURIA, k[=u]'ri-a, n. one of the ten divisions of a Roman tribe: a building in which the senate met, a provincial senate: a court, legislative or judicial: the court of the papal see.--ns. C[=U]'RIALISM; C[=U]'RIALIST.--adj. CURIALIST'IC. [L.]

CURIET, k[=u]'ri-et, n. (Spens.) a cuirass.

CURIO, k[=u]'ri-o, n. any article of virtu or bric-à-brac, or anything considered rare and curious.--n. CURI[=O]'SO, a collector or admirer of curios.

CURIOUS, k[=u]'ri-us, adj. anxious to learn: inquisitive: showing great care or nicety: skilfully made: singular: rare.--n. CURIOS'ITY, state or quality of being curious: inquisitiveness: that which is curious: anything rare or unusual.--adv. C[=U]'RIOUSLY.--n. C[=U]'RIOUSNESS.--CURIOUS ARTS (B.), magical practices. [Fr. curieux--L. curiosus--cura.]

CURL, kurl, v.t. to twist into ringlets: to coil.--v.i. to shrink into ringlets: to rise in undulations: to writhe: to ripple: to play at the game of curling.--n. a ringlet of hair, or what is like it: a wave, bending, or twist.--adjs. CURLED; CURLED'-PATE (Shak.), having curled hair.--ns. CURL'ER, one who, or that which, curls: a player at the game of curling; CURL'ICUE, a fantastic curl; CURL'IEWURLIE (Scot.), any fantastic round ornament; CURL'INESS; CURL'ING, a game, common in Scotland, consisting in hurling heavy smooth stones along a sheet of ice.--ns.pl. CURL'ING [=I]'RONS, CURL'ING-TONGS, an iron instrument used for curling the hair.--n. CURL'ING-STONE, a heavy stone with a handle, used in curling.--adjs. CURL'Y, having curls: full of curls; CURL'Y-HEAD'ED. [M. E. crull; Dut. krullen, Dan. krolle, to curl.]

CURLEW, kur'l[=u], n. one of the wading-birds, having a very long slender bill and legs, and a short tail. [O. Fr. corlieu; prob. from its cry.]

CURMUDGEON, kur-muj'un, n. an avaricious, ill-natured fellow: a miser.--adj. CURMUD'GEONLY. [Earlier corn-mudgin; mudge, mooch; M. E. muchen--O. Fr. mucier, to hide.]

CURMURRING, kur-mur'ing, n. a rumbling sound, esp. that made in the bowels by flatulence. [Imit.]

CURR, kur, v.i. to cry like an owl, to purr like a cat, &c. [Imit.]

CURRACH, -AGH, kur'ach, n. a coracle. [Gael.]

CURRANT, kur'ant, n. a small kind of raisin or dried grape imported from the Levant: the fruit of several species of ribes.--ns. CURR'ANT-JELL'Y; CURR'ANT-WINE. [From Corinth.]

CURRENT, kur'ent, adj. running or flowing: passing from person to person: generally received: now passing: present.--n. a running or flowing: a stream: a portion of water or air moving in a certain direction: course.--n. CURR'ENCY, circulation: that which circulates, as the money of a country: general estimation.--adv. CURR'ENTLY.--n. CURR'ENTNESS, state of being current: general acceptance.--PASS CURRENT, to be received as genuine. [L. currens, -ent-is--curr[)e]re), to run.]

CURRICLE, kur-i'kl, n. a two-wheeled open chaise, drawn by two horses abreast: a chariot.--n. CURRIC'ULUM, a course, esp. the course of study at a university. [L. curriculum, from curr[)e]re.]

CURRISH, CURRISHLY, &c. See CUR.

CURRY, kur'i, n. a kind of sauce or seasoning much used in India, compounded of pepper, ginger, and other spices: a stew mixed with curry-powder.--n. CURR'Y-POW'DER. [Tamil kari, sauce.]

CURRY, kur'i, v.t. to dress leather: to rub down and dress a horse: to beat: to scratch:--pr.p. curr'ying; pa.p. curr'ied.--ns. CURR'IER, one who curries or dresses tanned leather; CURR'Y-COMB, an iron instrument or comb used for currying or cleaning horses; CURR'YING.--CURRY FAVOUR (corruption of CURRY FAVELL, to curry the chestnut horse), to seek favour by flattery. [O. Fr. correier (mod. corroyer), conrei, outfit, from a supposed Low L. form conred[=a]re, con-, with, r[=e]d[=a]re, seen in Array.]

CURRY, CURRIE, obsolete forms of QUARRY.

CURSE, kurs, v.t. to invoke or wish evil upon: to devote to perdition: to vex or torment.--v.i. to utter imprecations: to swear.--n. the invocation or wishing of evil or harm upon: evil invoked on another: torment: any great evil.--adj. CURS'ED, under a curse: blasted by a curse: hateful.--adv. CURS'EDLY.--ns. CURS'EDNESS; CURS'ER; CURS'ING.--adj. CURST, cursed: deserving a curse: ill-tempered: shrewish: froward.--n. CURST'NESS, state of being curst: peevishness: frowardness. [A.S. cursian--curs, a curse; ety. dub.; not conn. with Cross.]

CURSITOR, kur'si-tor, n. a clerk or officer in the Court of Chancery who makes out original writs. [Low L. cursitor, from the words 'de cursu,' applied in the statute to ordinary writs.]

CURSIVE, kur'siv, adj. written with a running hand, of handwriting: flowing.--adv. CUR'SIVELY. [Low L. cursivus--L. curr[)e]re, to run.]

CURSORIAL, kur-s[=o]'ri-al, adj. adapted for running.--n.pl. CURS[=O]'RES, an order of birds variously limited.

CURSORY, kur'sor-i, adj. hasty: superficial: careless.--adj. CUR'SORARY (Shak.), cursory.--adv. CUR'SORILY.--n. CUR'SORINESS. [L. curr[)e]re, cursum, to run.]

CURST. See CURSE.

CURSUS, kur'sus, n. a race-course: a form of daily prayer or service; an academic curriculum. [L.]

CURT, kurt, adj. short: concise: discourteously brief or summary.--adj. CURT'[=A]TE, shortened or reduced; applied to the distance of a planet from the sun or earth reduced to the plane of the ecliptic.--n. CURT[=A]'TION.--adv. CURT'LY.--n. CURT'NESS. [L. curtus, shortened.]

CURTAIL, kur-t[=a]l', v.t. to cut short: to cut off a part: to abridge:--pr.p. curtail'ing; pa.p. curtailed'.--ns. CURTAIL'MENT; CURTAIL'-STEP, the rounded step at the bottom of a stair. [Old spelling curtal, O. Fr. courtault (It. cortaldo)--L. curtus.]

CURTAIN, kur'tin, n. drapery hung round and enclosing a bed, &c.: the part of a rampart between two bastions.--v.t. to enclose or furnish with curtains.--n. CUR'TAIN-LEC'TURE, a lecture or reproof given in bed by a wife to her husband.--BEHIND THE CURTAIN, away from public view; DRAW THE CURTAIN, to draw it aside, so as to show what is behind, or in front of anything so as to hide it. [O. Fr. cortine--Low L. cortina; prob. L. cors, cortis, a court.]

CURTAL, kur'tal, n. a horse with a curt or docked tail: anything docked or cut short.--adj. docked or shortened.--n. CUR'TAL-FR[=I]'AR (Scott), a friar with a short frock. [Fr. courtaud--court. See CURTAIL.]

CURTAL-AX, kur'tal-aks, CURT-AXE, kurt'aks, n. (Spens.), a short, broad sword. [A corr. of the earlier forms coutelas, curtelas. See CUTLASS.]

CURTILAGE, kur'til-[=a]j, n. a court attached to a dwelling-house. [O. Fr. courtillage. See COURT.]

CURTSY, CURTSEY, kurt'si, n. an obeisance, made by bending the knees, proper to women and children.--v.i. to make a curtsy. [See COURTESY.]

CURULE, k[=u]'r[=oo]l, adj. applied to a chair in which the higher Roman magistrates had a right to sit. [L. curulis--currus, a chariot.]

CURVE, kurv, n. anything bent: a bent or curved line: an arch.--v.t. to bend: to form into a curve.--adjs. CUR'V[=A]TE, -D, curved or bent in a regular form.--n. CURV[=A]'TION.--adj. CUR'VATIVE.--n. CUR'VATURE, a curving or bending: the continual bending or the amount of bending from a straight line.--adjs. CURVED; CUR'VICAUDATE, having a crooked tail; CURVICOS'TATE, having curved ribs; CURVIF[=O]'LIATE, having curved leaves; CUR'VIFORM; CUR'VING; CURVIROS'TRAL, with the bill curved downward; CUR'VITAL, of or pertaining to curvature.--n. CUR'VITY, the state of being curved. [L. curvus, crooked.]

CURVET, kur'vet, kur-vet', n. a light leap of a horse in which he raises his forelegs together, next the hindlegs with a spring before the forelegs touch the ground: a leap, frolic.--v.i. (kur-vet', kur'vet) to leap in curvets: to frisk:--pr.p. curvet'ting, curvet'ing; pa.p. cur'veted. [It. corvetta, dim. of corvo--L. curvus.]

CURVILINEAR, kur-vi-lin'i-ar, CURVILINEAL, kur-vi-lin'i-al, adj. bounded by curved lines.--n. CURVILINEAR'ITY. [L. curvus, and linearis--linea, a line.]

CUSCUS, kus'kus, n. the grain of the African millet. Same as COUSCOUS. [Fr. couscou.]

CUSCUS, kus'kus, n. the fibrous root of an Indian grass, used for making fans, &c. [Pers. khas khas.]

CUSHAT, koosh'at, n. the ringdove or wood-pigeon. [A.S. cúscute, the former part of dub. origin, the latter derived from scéotan, to shoot.]

CUSHION, koosh'un, n. a case filled with some soft, elastic stuff, for resting on: a pillow: the 'pillow' used in making bone-lace: an engraver's pad: the rubber of an electrical machine: a pad supporting a woman's hair: the elastic lining of the inner side of a billiard-table: a body of steam remaining in the cylinder of a steam-engine, acting as a buffer to the piston.--v.t. to seat on or furnish with a cushion.--p.adj. CUSH'IONED, furnished with a cushion, padded: having cushion-tires.--ns. CUSH'IONET, a little cushion; CUSH'ION-TIRE, a bicycle tire made of india-rubber tubing, with india-rubber stuffing.--adj. CUSH'IONY, like a cushion, soft. [O. Fr. coissin--L. coxinum, coxa, hip.]

CUSK, kusk, n. the torsk: the burbot.

CUSP, kusp, n. a point: the point or horn of the moon, &c.: (archit.) a small projecting ornament common in Gothic tracery.--adjs. CUS'PID[=A]TE, -D (bot.), having a sharp end, as the canine teeth. [L. cuspis, cuspid-is, a point.]

CUSPIDOR, kus'pi-dor, n. a spittoon.--Also CUS'PIDORE. [Port.,--L. conspu[)e]re, to spit upon.]

CUSS, kus, n. (slang) a fellow: an expletive.--adj. CUSS'ED, cursed.--n. CUSS'EDNESS, contrariness. [Obviously CURSE; prob. in the personal sense with a supposed reference to CUSTOMER.]

CUSTARD, kus'tard, n. a composition of milk, eggs, &c., sweetened and flavoured.--ns. CUS'TARD-APP'LE, the fruit of a West Indian tree, having an eatable pulp, like a custard; CUS'TARD-COFF'IN (Shak.), the paste or crust which covers a custard. [Earlier custade, a corr. of crustade, a pie with crust. See CRUST.]

CUSTODY, kus'to-di, n. a watching or guarding: care: security: imprisonment.--adj. CUST[=O]'DIAL.--ns. CUST[=O]'DIAN, CUS'TODE, CUST[=O]'DIER, CUS'TOS, one who has care, esp. of some public building. [L. custodia, from custos, custodis, a keeper.]

CUSTOM, kus'tum, n. what one is wont to do: usage: frequent repetition of the same act: regular trade or business: a tax on goods: (pl.) duties imposed on imports and exports.--adj. CUS'TOMABLE, customary: common.--adv. CUS'TOMARILY.--n. CUS'TOMARINESS.--adjs. CUS'TOMARY, according to use and wont: holding or held by custom; CUS'TOMED, accustomed: usual.--ns. CUS'TOMER, one accustomed to frequent a certain place of business: a buyer: (slang) a person; CUS'TOM-HOUSE, the place where customs or duties on exports and imports are collected.--adj. CUS'TOM-SHRUNK (Shak.), having fewer customers than formerly. [O. Fr. custume, costume--L. consuetud-inem, consuesc[)e]re, to accustom.]

CUSTREL, kus'tr[.e]l, n. attendant on a knight: a villain. [O. Fr. coustillier, coustille, a dagger.]

CUT, kut, v.t. to make an incision in: to cleave or pass through: to divide: to carve, hew, or fashion by cutting: to wound or hurt: to affect deeply: to shorten: to break off acquaintance with, to pass intentionally without saluting: to renounce, give up: to castrate: to perform or execute, as 'to cut a caper.'--v.i. to make an incision: to pass, go quickly: (slang) to run away, to be off: to twiddle the feet rapidly in dancing:--pr.p. cut'ting; pa.t. and pa.p. cut.--n. a cleaving or dividing: a stroke or blow: an act of unkindness: the card obtained by cutting or dividing the pack: an incision or wound: a piece cut off: an engraved block, or the picture from it: manner of cutting, or, fashion: (pl.) a lot.--n. CUT'AWAY', a coat with the skirt cut away in a curve in front--also adj.--ns. CUT'-OFF, that which cuts off or shortens, a straighter road, a shorter channel cut by a river across a bend: a contrivance for saving steam by regulating its admission to the cylinder; CUT'PURSE (Shak.), one who stole by [Illustration] cutting off and carrying away purses (the purses being worn at the girdle): a pickpocket; CUT'TER, the person or thing that cuts: in a tailor's shop, the one who measures and cuts out the cloth: a small vessel with one mast, a mainsail, a forestaysail, and a jib set to bowsprit-end, any sloop of narrow beam and deep draught; CUT'-THROAT, an assassin: ruffian; CUT'TING, a dividing or lopping off: an incision: a piece cut off: a paragraph from a newspaper: a piece of road or railway excavated: a twig; CUT'-WA'TER, the fore-part of a ship's prow.--CUT A DASH, or FIGURE, to make a conspicuous appearance; CUT-AND-COME-AGAIN, abundant supply, from the notion of cutting a slice, and returning at will for another; CUT-AND-COVER, a method of forming a tunnel by cutting out, arching it over, and then covering in; CUT-AND-DRY, or CUT-AND-DRIED, ready made, without the merit of freshness--from the state of herbs in the shop instead of the field; CUT AND RUN, to be off quickly; CUT DOWN, to take down the body of one hanged by cutting the rope: to reduce, curtail; CUT IN, to strike into, as to a conversation, a game at whist; CUT IT TOO FAT, to overdo a thing; CUT OFF, to destroy, put to an untimely death: intercept: stop; CUT OFF WITH A SHILLING, to disinherit, bequeathing only a shilling; CUT ONE'S STICK, to take one's departure; CUT OUT, to shape: contrive: debar: supplant: to take a ship out of a harbour, &c., by getting between her and the shore; CUT SHORT, to abridge: check; CUT THE COAT ACCORDING TO THE CLOTH, to adapt one's self to circumstances; CUT THE TEETH, to have the teeth grow through the gums--of an infant; CUT THE THROAT OF (fig.), to destroy utterly; CUT UP, to carve: eradicate: criticise severely: turn out (well or ill) when divided into parts; CUT UP ROUGH, to become quarrelsome.--A CUT ABOVE (coll.), a degree or stage above; SHORT CUT, or NEAR CUT, a short way. [Prob. W. cwtau, shorten.]

CUTANEOUS. See CUTIS.

CUTCH, kuch, n. the commercial name for catechu, from the Indian name kut.

CUTCHERRY, kuch'[.e]r-i, n. an office for public business, a court-house.--Also CUTCH'ERY. [Hind.]

CUTE, k[=u]t, adj. an aphetic form of ACUTE.

CUTHBERT, kuth'bert, n. the apostle of Northumbria (635-687), whose name lives in (ST) CUTHBERT'S BEADS, a popular name for the perforated joints of encrinites found on Holy Island; (ST) CUTHBERT'S DUCK, the eider-duck.

CUTIKINS, k[=oo]'ti-kinz, n.pl. (Scot.) spatterdashes--also CUITIKINS.

CUTIS, k[=u]'tis, n. the skin: the true skin, as distinguished from the cuticle.--adj. CUT[=A]N'EOUS, belonging to the skin.--n. C[=U]'TICLE, the outermost or thin skin.--adj. CUTIC'ULAR, belonging to the cuticle. [L.]

CUTLASS, kut'las, n. a short, broad sword, with one cutting edge, used in the navy. [Fr. coutelas, augmentative of couteau, knife, from L. cultellus, dim. of culter, a ploughshare, a knife.]

CUTLER, kut'l[.e]r, n. one who makes or sells knives.--n. CUT'LERY, the business of a cutler: edged or cutting instruments in general. [Fr. coutelier, coutel, knife.]

CUTLET, kut'let, n. a slice of meat cut off for cooking, esp. of mutton or veal--generally the rib and the meat belonging to it. [Fr. côtelette, dim. of côte, from L. costa, a rib.]

CUTTLE, kut'l, n. a kind of mollusc, remarkable for its power of ejecting a black inky liquid--also CUTT'LE-FISH.--n. CUTT'LE-BONE, the internal shell or bone of the cuttle-fish, used for making tooth-powder and for polishing the softer metals. [A.S. cudele.]

CUTTO, CUTTOE, kut'o, n. a large knife.

CUTTY, kut'i, adj. (Scot.) short, curtailed.--n. a short clay pipe: a short, dumpy girl: applied to a woman, a term of reprobation, serious or playful.--n. CUTT'Y-STOOL, the stool of repentance in old Scotch church discipline. [CUT.]

CUVETTE, küv-et', n. a trench sunk along the middle of a dry ditch or moat.--Also CUNETTE'. [Fr.]

CYANOGEN, s[=i]-an'o-jen, n. a compound of carbon, obtained by decomposing the cyanide of mercury by heat, so called from being an essential ingredient in the formation of Prussian blue.--n. CY'ANATE, a salt of cyanic acid.--adj. CYAN'IC, of or belonging to cyanogen.--ns. CY'ANIDE, a direct compound of cyanogen with a metal; CY'ANINE, the blue colouring matter of violets, &c.; CY'ANITE, a mineral composed of alumina and silica, generally sky-blue; CYANOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the degrees of blueness of the sky or ocean; CYAN[=O]'SIS, morbid lividness of the skin, blue jaundice.--adj. CYANOT'IC.--ns. CYAN'OTYPE, a photograph on paper sensitised by a cyanide; CYAN'URET, a cyanide.--CYANIC ACID, an acid composed of cyanogen and oxygen. [Gr. kyanos, blue.]

CYAR, s[=i]'ar, n. the internal auditory meatus.

CYATHIFORM, s[=i]'a-thi-form, adj. like a cup a little widened at top.

CYCAD, s[=i]'kad, n. an order allied to Coniferæ, but in appearance rather resembling ferns and palms.--adj. CYCAD[=A]'CEOUS. [Formed from Gr. kykas, an erroneous form of koikas, koiks, the doom-palm.]

CYCLAMEN, sik'lä-men, n. a genus of Primulaceæ, native to southern Europe. [Formed from Gr. kyklamis, -inos.]

CYCLE, s[=i]'kl, n. a period of time in which events happen in a certain order, and which constantly repeats itself: an imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens: a series of poems, prose romances, &c., centring round a figure or event--also CY'CLUS: an abbreviation for bicycle and tricycle.--v.i. to move in cycles: to ride or take exercise on a bicycle or tricycle.--adjs. CY'CLIC, -AL, pertaining to or containing a cycle.--ns. CY'CLIST, for bicyclist or tricyclist; CY'CLOGRAPH, an instrument for describing the arcs of circles that have too large a curvature for compasses; CY'CLOID, a figure like a circle: a curve made by a point in a circle, when the circle is rolled along a straight line.--adj. CYCLOID'AL.--ns. CYCLOID'IAN, one of the fourth order of fishes, according to the classification of Agassiz, having cycloid scales with smooth edges, as the salmon; CYCLOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring circular arcs: an apparatus attached to the wheel of a cycle for registering the distance traversed; CY'CLORN, a cycle-horn. [Gr. kyklos, a circle.]

CYCLONE, s[=i]'kl[=o]n, n. a circular or rotatory storm.--adj. CYCLON'IC. [Coined from Gr. kykl[=o]n, pr.p. of kykloein, to whirl round--kyklos.]

CYCLOPÆDIA, CYCLOPEDIA, s[=i]-kl[=o]-p[=e]'di-a, n. the circle or compass of human knowledge: a work containing information on every department, or on a particular department, of knowledge, usually arranged alphabetically.--adjs. CYCLOPÆ'DIC, CYCLOPE'DIC. [Gr. kyklos, a circle, and paideia, learning.]

CYCLOPS, s[=i]'klops, n. one of a fabled race of giants who lived chiefly in Sicily, with one eye in the middle of the forehead: a genus of minute freshwater copepods with an eye in front:--pl. CYCL[=O]'PES.--adjs. CYCLOP[=E]'AN, CYCLOP'IC, relating to or like the Cyclops: giant-like: vast: pertaining to a prehistoric style of masonry with immense stones of irregular form. [Gr. kykl[=o]ps--kyklos, a circle, and [=o]ps, an eye.]

CYCLORAMA, s[=i]-klo-rä'ma, n. a circular panorama painted on the inside of a cylindrical surface appearing in natural perspective. [Formed from Gr. kyklos, circle, horama, view.]

CYCLOSIS, s[=i]-kl[=o]'sis, n. circulation, as of blood.

CYCLYOLOSTOMOUS, s[=i]-klos't[=o]-mus, adj. round-mouthed, as a lamprey.

CYCLOSTYLE, s[=i]'klo-st[=i]l, n. an apparatus for multiplying copies of a writing. [Formed from Gr. kyklos, circle, and STYLE.]

CYDER. Same as CIDER.

CYGNET, sig'net, n. a young swan. [Acc. to Diez, a dim. of Fr. cygne, whose old form cisne (Sp. cisne, a swan) is from Low L. cecinus, not conn. with L. cygnus, Gr. kyknos, a swan.]

CYLINDER, sil'in-d[.e]r, n. a solid circular or roller-like body, whose ends are equal parallel circles: (mech.) applied to many cylindrical parts of machines, as any rotating cylindrical portion of a printing-press.--adjs. CYLINDR[=A]'CEOUS, somewhat cylindrical; CYLIN'DRIC, -AL, having the form or properties of a cylinder.--n. CYLINDRIC'ITY.--adj. CYLIN'DRIFORM, in the form of a cylinder.--n. CYL'INDROID, a body like a cylinder, but having its base elliptical. [Gr. kylindros, kylindein, to roll.]

CYMA, s[=i]'ma, n. a moulding of the cornice, an ogee.--ns. CYM'AGRAPH, an instrument for tracing the outline of mouldings; CYM[=A]'TIUM, a cyma. [Gr. kyma, a billow.]

CYMAR, si-mär', n. a loose light dress worn by ladies. [See CHIMER.]

CYMBAL, sim'bal, n. a hollow brass, basin-like, musical instrument, beaten together in pairs.--ns. CYM'BALIST, a cymbal-player; CYM'BALO, the dulcimer.--adj. CYM'BIFORM, boat-shaped. [L. cymbalum--Gr. kymbanon--kymb[=e], the hollow of a vessel.]

CYME, s[=i]m, n. a young shoot: (bot.) term applied to all forms of inflorescence which are definite or centrifugal.--adjs. CYM'OID, CYM'OSE, CYM'OUS. [L. cyma--Gr. kyma, a sprout.]

CYMOPHANE, s[=i]'m[=o]-f[=a]n, n. chrysoberyl.--adj. CYMOPH'ANOUS, opalescent. [Formed from Gr. kyma, wave, phainein, to show.]

CYMRIC, kim'rik, adj. Welsh.--n. CYM'RY, the Welsh, [W. Cymru, Wales.]

CYNANCHE, si-nang'k[=e], n. a name of various diseases of the throat or windpipe, esp. quinsy. [Gr., ky[=o]n, a dog, anchein, to throttle.]

CYNIC, -AL, sin'ik, -al, adj. dog-like: surly: snarling: austere; misanthropic.--ns. CYNAN'THROPY, lycanthropy; CYN'IC, one of a sect of philosophers founded by Antisthenes of Athens (born c. 444 B.C.), characterised by an ostentatious contempt for riches, arts, science, and amusements--so called from their morose manners: a morose man: a snarler; CYN'ICISM, surliness: contempt for human nature: heartlessness, misanthropy.--adv. CYN'ICALLY.--n. CYN'ICALNESS. [Gr. kynikos, dog-like--ky[=o]n, kynos, a dog; cf. L. can-is.]

CYNOCEPHALUS, s[=i]-no-sef'al-us, n. the dog-faced baboon: a race of men with dogs' heads. [Gr. ky[=o]n, kynos, dog, kephal[=e], head.]

CYNOSURE, sin'o-sh[=oo]r, or s[=i]', n. the dog's tail, a constellation (Ursa minor) containing the north-star; hence anything that strongly attracts attention or admiration. [Gr. ky[=o]n, kynos, a dog, oura, a tail.]

CYPERUS, sip-[=e]'rus, n. a tropical genus of Cyperaceæ.--adj. CYPER[=A]'CEOUS, belonging to, or like, sedge plants. [From Gr. kypeiros, sedge.]

CYPHER. Same as CIPHER.

CY PRES, s[=e] pr[=a], in the law of charitable trusts in England, the principle of applying the money to some object as near as possible to the one specified, when this has become impracticable. [O. Fr.]

CYPRESS, s[=i]'pres, n. an evergreen tree whose branches used to be carried at funerals; hence a symbol of death.--adj. CYP'RINE. [O. Fr. ciprès (Fr. cyprès)--L. cupressus--Gr. kyparissos.]

CYPRIAN, sip'ri-an, adj. belonging to the island of Cyprus: lewd, licentious--Cyprus being the place where Venus was worshipped.--n. a native of Cyprus--also CYP'RIOT: a lewd woman.

CYPRUS, s[=i]'prus, n. a thin, transparent, black stuff, a kind of crape.--n. CY'PRUS-LAWN (Milt.). [Prob. named from the island of Cyprus.]

CYRENAIC, s[=i]-rin-[=a]'ik, adj. pertaining to Cyrene, or to the hedonism of its philosopher Aristippus, a pupil of Socrates.

CYRILLIC, sir-il'ik, adj. pertaining to the alphabet attributed to St Cyril (9th cent.), distinguished from the other Slavonic alphabet, the Glagolitic.

CYST, sist, n. a bag in animal bodies containing morbid matter.--adjs. CYST'IC, CYST'IFORM, CYSTOID', having the form of, or contained in, a cyst or bag.--ns. CYS'TICLE, a small cyst; CYST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the bladder; CYS'TOCELE, a hernia formed by the protrusion of the bladder; CYST[=O]'MA, a tumour containing cysts; CYSTOT'OMY, the operation of cutting into the bladder to remove extraneous matter. [Low L. cystis--Gr. kystis, a bladder.]

CYTHEREAN, sith-e-r[=e]'an, adj. pertaining to Venus. [L. Cythereus--Cythera, an island in the Ægean Sea (now Cerigo), celebrated for the worship of Venus.]

CYTISUS, sit'i-sus, n. a group of hardy leguminous shrubby plants, with yellow, white, or purple flowers, chiefly in the warmer temperate parts of the Old World. [Gr. kytisos.]

CYTOBLAST, s[=i]'to-blast, n. the nucleus or germinal spot of a cellule, from which the organic cell is developed.--n. CYTOGEN'ESIS, cell-formation. [Gr. kytos, a vessel, blastanein, to bud.]

CZAR, TSAR, tsär, or zär, n. the emperor of Russia:--fem. CZARI'NA, TSARI'NA.--ns. CZAR'EVITCH, TSAR-, a son of a czar.--CESAR'EVITCH is the title of the eldest son, and CESAREV'NA, of his wife.--ns. CZAREV'NA, TSAREV'NA, a daughter of a czar. [Russ. tsari, a king; conn. with Ger. kaiser, ult. from L. cæsar, a king or emperor.]

CZARDAS, zär'das (Hung. pron. chär'dosh), n. a Hungarian national dance, consisting of two sections--a slow movement called a lassu or lassan, and a quick step, the friss or friska.

CZECH, tshek, n. a member of the most westerly branch of the Slavic family of races, the term including the Bohemians, or Czechs proper, the Moravians, and the Slovaks: the language of the Czechs, Bohemian, closely allied to Polish.--adj., also CZECH'IC.

* * * * * the fourth letter in our alphabet, as well as in the Phoenician, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, from which last it was immediately derived--its sound the soft dental mute: (mus.) the second note in the natural scale.

DAB, dab, v.t. to strike gently with something soft or moist, to smear:--pr.p. dab'bing; pa.p. dabbed.--n. a gentle blow: a small lump of anything soft or moist: a species of flounder of light-brown colour, with small dark spots and rough, close-set scales.--ns. DAB'BER, a sort of pad for dabbing ink on engraved wood blocks or plates; DAB'CHICK, a small water-fowl, a kind of grebe. [First about 1300; cf. Old Dut. dabben, to pinch; Ger. tappe, a pat. Confused with DAUB and TAP.]

DAB, dab, n. an expert person.--n. DAB'STER (coll.). [Prob. a corr. of ADEPT.]

DABBLE, dab'l, v.t. to spatter with moisture.--v.i. to play in water with hands or feet: to do anything in a trifling way.--n. DABB'LER, one who does things superficially.--adv. DABB'LINGLY. [Freq. of DAB.]

DA CAPO, dä kä'p[=o], a term in music, frequently placed at the end of a movement, indicating that the performer must return to the beginning of the music--usually written D.C. [It., 'from the beginning'--L. de, from, caput, head.]

DACE, d[=a]s, DARE, d[=a]r, DART, därt, n. a small river fish of the carp family, and of the same genus as the roach, chub, minnow, &c. [M. E. darce--O. Fr. dars--Low L. dardus, a dart or javelin--of Teut. origin. So called from its quickness.]

DACHSHUND, daks'hoond, n. a badger-dog. [Ger. dachs, a badger, hund, dog.]

DACKER, dak'[.e]r, DAKER, d[=a]'k[.e]r, v.i. (Scot.) to lounge, saunter.--Also DAIK'ER.

DACOIT, da-koit', n. one of a gang of robbers in India and Burma--also DAKOIT'.--ns. DACOIT'Y, DACOIT'AGE, robbery by gang-robbers, brigandage. [Hind. d[=a]k[=a][=i]t, a robber.]

DACRYOMA, dak-ri-[=o]'ma, n. stoppage of the tear duct. [Formed from Gr. dakry, a tear.]

DACTYL, dak'til, n. in Latin and Greek poetry, a foot of three syllables, one long followed by two short, so called from its likeness to the joints of a finger; in English, a foot of three syllables, with the first accented, as mer'rily, vi'olate.--adjs. DAC'TYLAR, DACTYL'IC, relating to or consisting chiefly of dactyls.--ns. DACTYL'IOMANCY, divination by means of a finger-ring; DAC'TYLIST; DACTYLOG'RAPHY, the science of finger-rings; DACTYLOL'OGY, the art of talking with the fingers, like the deaf and dumb. [L. dactylus--Gr. daktylos, a finger.]

DAD, dad, DADDY, dad'i, n. father, a word used by children.--n. DADD'Y-LONG-LEGS, the crane-fly, a familiar insect with long body, legs, and antennæ. [Prob. Celt., W. tad, Bret, tad, tat; cf. Gr. tata.]

DAD, dad, v.t. to throw against something: to dash.--n. a lump: a piece: a blow. [Der. unknown.]

DADDLE, dad'l, v.i. to walk in an unsteady manner, as a child or very old person: to totter:--pr.p. dadd'ling; pa.p. dadd'led. [Perh. conn. with DAWDLE.]

DADDLE, dad'l, n. (slang) the hand.

DADDOCK, dad'ok, n. (prov.) the heart of a rotten tree.

DADO, d[=a]'do, n. in classical architecture, the cubic block forming the body of a pedestal: a skirting of wood along the lower part of the walls of a room, often represented merely by wall-paper, painting, &c. [It.,--L. datus (talus, a die, being understood), given or thrown forth--d[=a]re, to give.]

DÆDAL, d[=e]'dal, DÆDALIAN, de-d[=a]'li-an, adj. formed with art: displaying artistic skill: intricate. [From L. Dædalus, Gr. Daidalos, the mythical artist who constructed the Cretan labyrinth.]

DÆMON, d[=e]'mon, n. a spirit holding a middle place between gods and men, like the dæmon or good genius of Socrates.--adj. DÆ'MONIC, supernatural: of power or intelligence more than human. [L. dæmon--Gr. daim[=o]n, a spirit, a genius, and later a devil. See DEMON.]

DAFF, daf, v.i. to play, to play the fool.--n. DAFF'ING (Scot.), foolery, gaiety. [M. E. daf, deaf, prob. Ice. dawfr (Sw. döf, Dan. döv), deaf.]

DAFF, daf, v.t. (Shak.) to put off. [A variant of DOFF.]

DAFFODIL, daf'o-dil, DAFFODILLY, daf'o-dil-i, DAFFODOWNDILLY, daf'o-down-dil'i, n. a yellow flower of the lily tribe--also called King's spear. [M. E. affodille--O. Fr. asphodile--Gr. asphodelus; the d is prefixed accidentally.]

DAFT, daft, adj. (Scot.) silly, weak-minded, insane, unreasonably merry.--adv. DAFT'LY.--n. DAFT'NESS. [See DAFF.]

DAG, dag, n. a dagger: a hand-gun or heavy pistol, used in the 15th and 16th centuries.--Also DAGGE. [Fr. dague; Celt.; cf. Bret. dag.]

DAGGER, dag'[.e]r, n. a short sword for stabbing at close quarters: (print.) a mark of reference ([Dagger]), the double dagger ([Double Dagger]) being another.--AT DAGGERS DRAWN, in a state of hostility; LOOK DAGGERS, to look in a hostile manner. [M. E. dagger--W. dagr (Ir. daigear); cf. Fr. dague.]

DAGGLE, dag'l, v.t. and v.i. to wet or grow wet by dragging on the wet ground.--n. DAGG'LE-TAIL, a slattern.--adj. slatternly. [Freq. of prov. Eng. dag, to sprinkle, from a Scand. root seen in Sw. dagg.]

DAGO, d[=a]'go, n. (U.S.) a name applied loosely to Spanish- and Italian-born men. [Prob. a corr. of Sp. Diego--L. Jacobus.]

DAGOBA, dag'o-ba, n. in Ceylon, a dome-like structure of solid masonry, containing relics of a Buddhist saint. [Singh. d[=a]gaba.]

DAGON, d[=a]'gon, n. the national god of the Philistines, half-man, half-fish. [Heb. d[=a]g[=o]n--dag, fish.]

DAGUERREOTYPE, da-ger'o-t[=i]p, n. a method of taking pictures on metal plates by the light of the sun: a photograph fixed on a plate of copper by a certain process.--adj. DAGUER'R[=E]AN.--n. DAGUERR[=E]'OTYPY, the art of daguerreotyping. [Fr., from Louis Daguerre (1789-1851).]

DAGWOOD. See DOGWOOD.

DAHABEEAH, da-ha-b[=e]'a, n. a Nile-boat with oars, one or two masts, and lateen sails.--Also DAHABI'EH, DAHABI'YEH. [Ar. dahab[=i]ya.]

DAHLIA, d[=a]l'i-a, n. a genus of garden plants with large flowers. [From Dahl, a Swedish botanist.]

DAIDLE, d[=a]'dl, v.i. a Scotch form of daddle: also to draggle.--adj. DAID'LING, feeble: dawdling.

DAIKER, d[=a]'ker, v.i. (prov.) to deck out.

DAILY, d[=a]'li, adj. and adv. every day.--n. a daily paper.

DAIMIO, d[=i]'myo, n. a Japanese territorial noble under the old feudal system. [Jap.]

DAINTY, d[=a]n'ti, adj. pleasant to the palate: delicate: fastidious: (Spens.) elegant.--n. that which is dainty, a delicacy.--adj. DAINT (Spens.).--adv. DAIN'TILY.--n. DAIN'TINESS. [M. E. deintee, anything worthy or costly. O. Fr. daintié, worthiness--L. dignitat-em--dignus, worthy.]

DAIRY, d[=a]'ri, n. the place where milk is kept, and butter and cheese made: an establishment for the supply of milk.--ns. DAI'RY-FARM; DAI'RYING; DAI'RYMAID; DAI'RYMAN. [M. E. deye.--Ice. deigja, a dairymaid; orig. a kneader of dough.]

DAIS, d[=a]'is, n. a raised floor at the upper end of the dining-hall where the high table stood: a raised floor with a seat and canopy: the canopy over an altar, &c. [O. Fr. dais--Low L. discus, a table--L. discus, a quoit--Gr. diskos, a disc.]

DAISY, d[=a]'zi, n. a common wild-flower, growing in pastures and meadows--the name given also to other plants, as the Ox-eye daisy, which is a chrysanthemum.--adj. DAI'SIED, covered with daisies.--n. DAI'SY-CUT'TER, a fast-going horse that does not lift its feet high: a cricket-ball skimmed along the ground. [A. S. dæges eáge, day's eye, the sun.]

DAK, däk, DAWK, dawk, n. in India, the mail-post: travelling in palanquins carried by relays of bearers. [Hind. d[=a]k, a relay of men.]

DAKOIT. See DACOIT.

DALAI-LAMA. See LAMA.

DALE, d[=a]l, DELL, del, n. the low ground between hills: the valley through which a river flows.--n. DALES'MAN, specifically, an inhabitant of the dales of the Lake District. [Ice. dalr, Sw. dal; Ger. thal.]

DALI, dä'li, n. a timber-tree of Guiana, its wood used for staves, &c.

DALILA. See DELILAH.

DALL, dal, n. a tile with incised surface: (pl.) rapids.

DALLOP, dal'op, n. (prov.), a tuft of grass.

DALLY, dal'i, v.i. to lose time by idleness or trifling: to play: to exchange caresses:--pa.p. dall'ied.--ns. DALL'IANCE, dallying, toying, or trifling: interchange of embraces: delay; DALL'IER, a trifler. [M. E. dalien, to play; prob. from A.S. dweligan, to err; cf. Ice. dvala, to delay, Dut. dwalen, to err; prob. conn. with dwell.]

DALMAHOY, dal'ma-hoi, n. a bushy bob-wig, worn in the 18th cent. by chemists, &c.

DALMATIAN, dal-m[=a]'shun, adj. belonging to Dalmatia, a strip of Austrian territory along the Adriatic.--DALMATIAN DOG, the spotted coach-dog, resembling the pointer in shape.

DALMATIC, dal-mat'ik, n. a loose-fitting, wide-sleeved ecclesiastical vestment, worn specially by deacons in the R.C. Church, also sometimes by bishops. [Low L. dalmatica, a robe worn by persons of rank in the early Christian centuries, on the pattern of a dress worn in Dalmatia.]

DALT, dält, n. (Scot.) a foster-child. [Gael. dalta.]

DALTONISM, dal'ton-izm, n. colour-blindness: inability to distinguish certain colours.--adj. DALT[=O]'NIAN. [So called from the chemist John Dalton (1766-1844), who had this infirmity.]

DAM, dam, n. an embankment to restrain water: the water thus confined.--v.t. to keep back water by a bank:--pr.p. dam'ming; pa.p. dammed. [Teut.; Dut. dam, Ger. damm, &c.]

DAM, dam, n. a mother, applied to quadrupeds. [A form of dame.]

DAMAGE, dam'[=a]j, n. hurt, injury, loss: the value of what is lost: (coll.) cost: (pl.) the pecuniary reparation due for loss or injury sustained by one person through the fault or negligence of another.--v.t. to harm.--v.i. to take injury.--adj. DAM'AGEABLE. [O. Fr. damage (Fr. dommage)--L. damnum, loss.]

DAMAN, dam'an, n. the Syrian hyrax, the cony of the Bible. [Syrian.]

DAMAR. Same as DAMMAR.

DAMASCENE, da'mas-[=e]n, adj. of Damascus.--v.t. same as DAMASKEEN.

DAMASK, dam'ask, n. figured stuff, originally of silk, now of linen, cotton, or wool, the figure being woven, not printed.--v.t. to flower or variegate, as cloth.--adj. of a red colour, like that of a damask rose.--v.t. DAMASKEEN', to decorate metal (esp. steel) by inlaying or encrusting on it patterns like damask in other metals: to ornament with flowery patterns, to damask.--ns. DAMASKEEN'ING, DAMASCEEN'ING, the watered or striated structure seen in certain sword-blades and other weapons: the ornamental incrustation with gold and silver of steel and iron surfaces; DAMASKIN', a Damascus blade: a damaskeened blade; DAM'ASK-PLUM, the damson; DAM'ASK-ROSE, a species of pink-rose; DAM'ASK-STEEL, Damascus steel; DAM'ASSIN, damask with flowered patterns in gold or silver thread.--DAMASCUS BLADE, a Damascus sword, the surface marked by wavy and variegating lines. [From Damascus, in Syria, where damask was orig. made.]

DAMBOARD, dam'b[=o]rd, DAMBROD, dam'brod, n. (Scot.) a draughtboard, the pieces being dams. [Fr. jeu de dames, copied by the Germans as damenspiel, by the Swedes as damspel, &c., perhaps from the movement of the pieces being like those of the queen (reine or dame) in chess.]

DAME, d[=a]m, n. the mistress of a house: a matron: a noble lady.--ns. DAME'-SCHOOL, a school for children kept by a woman; DAME'S'-V[=I]'OLET, a genus of cruciferous plants, formerly cultivated by ladies in pots for its sweet scent at night. [Fr. dame--L. domina, a mistress, fem. of dominus, a master.]

DAMMAR, dam'mar, n. a resin, used for making varnish, obtained from a genus of East Indian conifers.

DAMN, dam, v.t. to censure or condemn: to sentence to eternal punishment: to doom.--n. an oath: a curse.--adj. DAM'NABLE, deserving or tending to damnation: hateful: pernicious.--n. DAM'NABLENESS.--adv. DAM'NABLY.--n. DAMN[=A]'TION, condemnation: (theol.) the punishment of the impenitent in the future state: eternal punishment.--adj. DAM'NATORY, consigning to damnation.--p.adj. DAMNED, sentenced to everlasting punishment: hateful: a profane intensive, meaning merely thorough (often written d----d, and softened into darned, dashed, &c.).--adv. very, exceedingly.--adj. DAMNIF'IC.--n. DAMNIFIC[=A]'TION.--v.t. DAM'NIFY, to cause loss to.--adj. DAM'NING, exposing to condemnation. [Fr. damner--L. damn[=a]re, to condemn--damnum, loss.]

DAMOCLEAN, dam-[=o]-cl[=e]'an, adj. like Damocles, flatterer of Dionysius of Syracuse, taught the insecurity of happiness by being made to sit through the feast with a sword suspended by a single hair over his head.

DAMOSEL, dam'o-sel, n. Same as DAMSEL.

DAMP, damp, n. vapour, mist: moist air: lowness of spirits: (pl.) dangerous vapours in mines, &c.--v.t. to wet slightly: to chill: to discourage: to check: to make dull.--adj. moist, foggy: sometimes in the form DAMP'Y.--v.t. and v.i. DAMP'EN, to make or become damp or moist.--n. DAMP'ER, that which checks or moderates: a mechanical appliance for reducing currents, musical vibration, &c.: (Australia) a kind of unfermented bread.--adj. DAMP'ISH, somewhat damp.--n. DAMP'ISHNESS.--adv. DAMP'LY.--n. DAMP'NESS.--DAMPING OFF (hort.), the death of plants from excess of moisture. [M. E. dampen; akin to Dut. damp, Ger. dampf, vapour.]

DAMSEL, dam'zel, n. a young unmarried woman: a girl. [O. Fr. damoisele (Fr. demoiselle), a page--Low L. domicellus, dim. of L. dominus, a lord.]

DAMSON, dam'zn, n. a rather small oval fruited variety of the common plum, esteemed for preserving. [Shortened from Damascene--Damascus.]

DAN, dan, n. a title of honour equivalent to Master or Sir. [O. Fr. dan. (Sp. don; Port. dom)--L. dominus, lord. See DAME.]

DAN, dan, n. (prov.) a box for carrying coal: a tub.

DANAKIL, dan'a-kil, n. the name given to the numerous nomad and fisher tribes on the coast of North-east Africa. [Ar.]

DANCE, dans, v.i. to move with measured steps to music: to spring.--v.t. to make to dance or jump.--n. the movement of one or more persons with measured steps to music: the tune to which dancing is performed.--ns. DANCE'-M[=U]'SIC, music specially arranged for accompanying dancing; DANC'ER, one who practises dancing; DANC'ING, the act or art of moving in the dance; DANC'ING-GIRL, a professional dancer; DANC'ING-MAS'TER, a teacher of dancing.--DANCE A BEAR (obs.), to exhibit a performing bear; DANCE ATTENDANCE, to wait obsequiously; DANCE OF DEATH, a series of allegorical paintings symbolising the universal power of death, represented as a skeleton; DANCE UPON NOTHING, to be hanged.--LEAD A PERSON A DANCE, to set him on an undertaking under false hopes: to delude.--MERRY DANCERS, the aurora. [O. Fr. danser, from Teut.; Old High Ger. danson, to draw along.]

DANCETTE, dan-set', n. (her.) a zigzag or indented line or figure: the chevron or zigzag moulding common in Romanesque architecture--also adj. [O. Fr. dent, dant, tooth, notch--L. dens.]

DANDELION, dan-de-l[=i]'un, n. a common plant with a yellow flower, its leaves with jagged tooth-like edges. [Fr. dent de lion, tooth of the lion.]

DANDER, dan'd[.e]r, DAUNDER, dawn'd[.e]r, v.i. (Scot.) to walk leisurely or idly. [Akin to dandle.]

DANDER, n. a form of DANDRUFF (vulg.), anger: passion.--RAISE A PERSON'S DANDER, to put him in a temper.

DANDER, n. (Scot.) furnace cinders. [Ety. dub.]

DANDLE, dan'dl, v.t. to play with: to fondle or toss in the arms, as a baby. [Prob. Teut.; cf. Ger. tändeln--tand, a toy.]

DANDRIFF, dand'rif, DANDRUFF, dand'ruf, n. a scaly scurf which forms on the surface of the skin under the hair and beard. [Perh. from W. ton, surface, skin, and drwg, bad (Skeat).]

DANDY, dan'di, n. a foppish, silly fellow: one who pays much attention to dress.--v.t. DAN'DIFY, to dress up as a dandy.--adv. DAN'DILY, like a dandy.--ns. DAN'DY-BRUSH, a hard brush of whalebone bristles; DAN'DY-COCK, a bantam; DAN'DY-F[=E]'VER (see DENGUE); DAN'DY-HORSE, a velocipede.--adj. DAN'DYISH.--n. DAN'DYISM. [Perh. from Fr. dandin, a ninny; and prob. from root of dandle.]

DANDY, dan'di, n. a sloop-like vessel having a jigger-mast abaft.--n. DANDY-RIGGED CUTTER.

DANDYPRAT, dan'di-prat, n. a dwarf: an urchin. [Ety. dub.]

DANE, d[=a]n, n. a native of Denmark.--adj. DAN'ISH, belonging to Denmark.--n. the language of the Danes--(Spens.) DANISK.

DANEGELD, d[=a]n'geld, n. a tax imposed in the 10th cent., to buy off the Danes or to defend the country against them. [A.S. Dene, Danes, geid, a payment.]

DANG, dang, v.t. a minced form of damn.

DANGER, d[=a]n'j[.e]r, n. peril, hazard, or risk: insecurity: (obs.) power.--v.t. (Shak.) to endanger.--adj. DAN'GEROUS, full of danger: unsafe: insecure.--adv. DAN'GEROUSLY.--ns. DAN'GEROUSNESS; DAN'GER-SIG'NAL. [O. Fr. dangier, absolute power (of a feudal lord), hence power to hurt.--Low L. dominium, feudal authority--L. dominus, a lord. See DUNGEON.]

DANGLE, dang'gl, v.t. to hang loosely or with a swinging motion: to follow any one about.--v.t. to make to dangle.--n. DAN'GLER, one who dangles about others, esp. about women. [Scand., Dan. dangle, to dangle; cf. Ice. dingla, to swing; Sw. danka, to saunter.]

DANIEL, dan'yel, n. in phrase A SECOND DANIEL, a wise judge, with reference to the interposition of the wise young Daniel to save Susannah, in one of the Apocryphal additions to the book of Daniel.

DANITE, dan'[=i]t, n. one of a secret society amongst the early Mormons. [In allusion to Gen. xlix. 16, 17.]

DANK, dangk, adj. moist, wet.--n. (Milt.) water.--adj. DANK'ISH, somewhat dank or damp. [Perh. conn. with dew. See also DAGGLE.]

DANNEBROG, d[=a]n'e-brog, n. the second of the Danish orders instituted by King Waldemar in 1219. [Dan., 'the Danish banner.']

DANSEUSE, dong-süz', n. a female dancer: a ballet dancer. [Fr.]

DANSKER, dan'sk[.e]r, n. (Shak.) a Dane.

DANTEAN, dan'te-an, DANTESQUE, dan'tesk, adj. like the poet Dante: sublime: austere.--ns. DAN'TIST, a Dante scholar; DANTOPH'ILIST, a lover of Dante.

DANTON, dan'ton, v.t. (Scot.) to subdue, to daunt. [A form of daunt.]

DANUBIAN, dan-[=u]'bi-an, adj. pertaining to or bordering on the Danube.--DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES, a name applied to Moldavia and Wallachia.

DAP, dap, v.i. to drop the bait gently into the water.

DAPHNE, daf'n[=e], n. a genus of shrubs or small trees. [Gr.]

DAPPER, dap'[.e]r, adj. quick: little and active: neat: spruce.--n. DAPP'ERLING, a dapper little fellow. [Dut. dapper, brave; cf. Ger. tapfer, quick, brave.]

DAPPLE, dap'l, adj. marked with spots.--v.t. to variegate with spots.--adjs. DAPP'ERLY (Scot.), variegated; DAPP'LE-BAY, of bay colour, variegated with dapples; DAPP'LED; DAPP'LE-GRAY. [See DIMPLE.]

DARBIES, där'biz, n.pl. (slang) handcuffs. [App. from the personal name Darby.]

DARBYITES, där'bi-[=i]ts, n.pl. a name given to the Plymouth Brethren. [From their principal founder, J. N. Darby (1800-82).]

DARE, d[=a]r, v.i. to be bold enough: to venture:--pa.t. durst.--v.t. to challenge: to defy.--n. (Shak.) boldness, a challenge.--n. DARE'-DEV'IL, a rash, venturesome fellow.--adj. unreasonably rash and reckless.--adjs. DARE'FUL (Shak.), full of daring, adventurous; DAR'ING, bold: courageous: fearless.--n. boldness.--n. DAR'ING-DO (see DERRING-DOE).--adj. DAR'ING-HARD'Y (Shak.), foolhardy.--adv. DAR'INGLY.--I DARE SAY, I suppose. [A.S. durran, pres. dearr; Goth. daursan; akin to Gr. tharsein.]

DARE, d[=a]r, v.t. to frighten, terrify. [M. E. daren, to be in fear; cf. Dan. dirre, to tremble.]

DARE, d[=a]r. Same as DACE.

DARG, darg, n. a day's work: (Scot.) a task. [Contr. from dawerk, day-wark, day-work.]

DARIC, dar'ik, n. an old gold coin larger than an English sovereign, named after Darius I. of Persia.

DARK, därk, adj. without light: black, or somewhat black: gloomy: difficult to understand: unenlightened: secret: sinister.--n. absence of light: obscurity: a state of ignorance.--adv. (Shak.) in a state of dark.--v.t. DARK'EN, to make dark: to render ignorant: to sully.--v.i. to grow dark or darker.--n. DARK'-HOUSE (Shak.), a mad-house.--adj. DARK'ISH, somewhat dark: dusky.--v.i. DARK'LE, to grow dark.--adv. and adj. DARK'LING, dark: in the dark.--advs. DARK'LINGS (poet.), in the dark; DARK'LY.--n. DARK'NESS.--adj. DARK'SOME, dark: (poet.) gloomy.--ns. DARK'Y, DARK'EY, a negro: (slang) a policeman's lantern.--DARK AGES, the period of intellectual darkness in Europe, from the 5th to the 15th century.--DARKEN THE DOOR, to enter in at the door.--A DARK HORSE, in racing, a horse whose capabilities are not known: a candidate about whom it is not known till the last moment that he is a candidate.--KEEP DARK, to be silent or secret; KEEP IT DARK, to conceal.--THE PRINCE OF DARKNESS, Satan. [A.S. deorc.]

DARLING, där'ling, n. a little dear: one dearly beloved: a favourite. [Dear, and dim. suff. -ling = l-ing.]

DARN, därn, v.t. to mend a hole by imitating the texture of the stuff.--n. the place darned.--n. DARN'ING-NEEDLE. [W. darn, a piece, a patch.]

DARN, därn, v.i. a minced form of damn.

DARNEL, där'nel, n. an annual of the rye-grass genus, the tares of Scripture. [Prob. conn. with O. Fr. darne, stupid, from its supposed narcotic properties.]

DARRAIGN, DARRAIN. See DERAIN.

DART, därt, n. a pointed weapon for throwing with the hand: anything that pierces.--v.t. to hurl suddenly: to send or shoot forth.--v.i. to start or shoot forth rapidly--freq. DAR'TLE.--adv. DART'INGLY. [O. Fr. dart; from a Low Ger. root.]

DART. See DACE.

DARTER, därt'[.e]r, n. a genus of birds nearly allied to cormorants, heron-like in gait and gesture.

DARTRE, där'tr, n. herpes.--adj. DAR'TROUS. [Fr.]

DARWINISM, där'win-ism, n. the theory of the origin of species propounded by C. Darwin (1809-82).--adjs. DARWIN'IAN, DARWIN'ICAL.

DASH, dash, v.t. to throw violently: to break by throwing together: to throw water suddenly: to bespatter: to destroy or frustrate: to mix or adulterate.--v.i. to strike against: to break against, as water: to rush with violence.--n. a violent striking: a rushing or violent onset: a blow: a mark (--) at a break in a sentence: ostentation: a slight admixture.--ns. DASH'-BOARD, a board or leathern frame in front of a carriage, to keep off splashes of mud; DASH'ER, one who dashes: (coll.) one who makes a great show.--adj. DASH'ING, rushing: reckless: hasty and rash: gallant.--adv. DASH'INGLY.--ns. DASH'-POT, a device for preventing too sudden motion in some part of an apparatus; DASH'-WHEEL, a wheel-shaped box with compartments, in which cotton cloth is washed by the revolution of the wheel in liquid.--DASH OFF, to sketch hastily; DASH OUT, to knock out by striking against something. [M. E. daschen, dassen, to rush, or strike with violence--Scand.; cf. Dan. daske, to slap].

DASTARD, das'tard, n. a cowardly fellow.--adj. shrinking from danger: cowardly.--adj. and adv. DAS'TARDLY.--ns. DAS'TARDNESS, DAS'TARDLINESS, DAS'TARDY. [From a Scand. stem dast = Eng. dazed, and Fr. suffix -ard. See DAZE.]

DASYMETER, da-sim'e-t[.e]r, n. an instrument for testing the density of gases. [Gr. dasys, thick, metron, measure.]

DASYPUS, das'i-pus, n. a genus of armadillos.

DASYURE, das'i-y[=oo]r, n. a small carnivorous quadruped of Australia and Tasmania. [Formed from Gr. dasys, hairy, oura, tail.]

DATA, d[=a]'ta, n.pl. facts given or admitted from which other facts may be deduced:--sing. D[=A]'TUM. [L. datum, data, given--d[)a]re, to give.]

DATARY, d[=a]'ta-ri, n. an officer in the papal chancery, who dates and despatches documents, grants, &c.--n. DAT[=A]'RIA, the office of such. [Low L. datarius--L. datum--d[)a]re, to give.]

DATE, d[=a]t, n. the time of any event: a stipulated time: age, period of time.--v.t. to affix the date to.--v.t. to reckon: to begin.--adj. DATE'LESS, without date: without fixed limit: undatable.--OUT OF DATE, antiquated; UP TO DATE, adapted or corrected to the present time: modern. [O. Fr. date--L. datum, as in datum Romæ = given or written at Rome.]

DATE, d[=a]t, n. the fruit of the date-palm.--ns. DATE'-PALM, DATE'-TREE, the tree on which it grows, a native of the northern half of Africa and the south-west of Asia; DATE'-PLUM; DATE'-SUG'AR. [Fr. datte--L. dactylus--Gr. daktylos, a finger.]

DATIVE, d[=a]t'iv, adj. that is given or appointed.--n. the dative case, the oblique case of nouns, &c.--generally indicated in English by to or for. [L. dativus.]

DATOLITE, dat'[=o]-l[=i]t, n. a vitreous calcium borosilicate.

DATUM, d[=a]'tum (see DATA).--n. D[=A]'TUM-LINE, the horizontal base-line from which heights and depths are measured.

DATURA, d[=a]-t[=u]'ra, n. a genus of plants, of which one, D. stramonium, or thorn-apple, has strongly narcotic properties.--n. DAT'URINE, a poisonous alkaloid in the foregoing. [Hind. dhat[=u]r[=a].]

DAUB, dawb, v.t. to smear: to paint coarsely.--n. a coarse painting.--ns. DAUB'ER, one who daubs: a coarse painter; DAUB'ERY, DAUB'RY (Shak.), a daubing, or crudely artful device; DAUB'ING.--adj. DAUB'Y, sticky. [O. Fr. dauber, to plaster--L. dealb[=a]re, to whitewash--de, down, and albus, white.]

DAUD, daud, v.t. (Scot.) to knock, thump.--n. a lump: large piece.--Also DAWD.

DAUGHTER, daw't[.e]r, n. a female child: a female descendant: woman (generally).--ns. DAUGH'TER-IN-LAW, a son's wife; DAUGH'TERLINESS; DAUGH'TERLING, a little daughter.--adj. DAUGH'TERLY, like or becoming a daughter. [A.S. dohtor; Scot. dochter, Ger. tochter, Gr. thygat[=e]r.]

DAUNDER, DAUNER. Same as DANDER.

DAUNT, dänt, or dawnt, v.t. to frighten: to discourage: to subdue.--adj. DAUNT'LESS, not to be daunted.--adv. DAUNT'LESSLY.--n. DAUNT'LESSNESS.--v.t. DAUN'TON, to subdue: to dare. [O. Fr. danter (Fr. dompter)--L. domit[=a]re--dom[=a]re, to tame.]

DAUPHIN, daw'fin, n. the name given to the eldest son of the king of France, from 1349 down to 1830:--fem. DAU'PHINESS. [O. Fr. daulphin (Fr. dauphin)--L. delphinus, a dolphin. From the dolphins in the crest of Viennois.]

DAUR, dawr, a Scotch form of dare.

DAUTIE. See DAWTIE.

DAUW, daw, n. the South African name of Burchell's zebra.

DAVENPORT, d[=a]'ven-port, n. a small ornamental writing-desk. [From the maker.]

DAVENPORT-TRICK, d[=a]'ven-port-trik, n. the artifice by which a man can free himself from ropes wound round him and tied.

DAVIT, d[=a]v'it, n. one of a pair of pieces of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side or stern, having tackle to raise a boat by. [Cf. Fr. davier, a forceps.]

DAVY, d[=a]'vi, DAVY-LAMP, d[=a]'vi-lamp, n. the safety-lamp for coal-miners of Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829).

DAVY JONES, d[=a]'vi j[=o]nz, n. a sailor's familiar name for the (malignant) spirit of the sea, the devil; hence DAVY JONES'S LOCKER, of the sea, as the grave of men drowned at sea. [Said by some to be a compound of Duffy, a West Indian spirit name, and Jonah.]

DAW, daw, v.i. an old English form of dawn.

DAW, daw, n. a bird of the crow kind: a jackdaw.--adj. DAW'ISH. [From its cry.]

DAWDLE, daw'dl, v.i. to waste time by trifling: to act or move slowly.--n. DAW'DLER. [Allied to dandle and dandy.]

DAWK. See DAK.

DAWN, dawn, v.i. to become day: to begin to grow light: to begin to appear.--n. daybreak: beginning.--Also DAWN'ING. [A.S. dagian, to dawn, dæg, day.]

DAWNERING = dandering. [See DANDER (1).]

DAWTIE, daw'ti, n. (Scot.) a darling: a beloved child--also DAUT'IE.--v.t. DAUT, to fondle.

DAY, d[=a], n. the time of light, from sunrise to sunset: the time from morning till night: twenty-four hours, the time the earth takes to make a revolution on her axis--this being the solar or natural day as distinguished from the sidereal day, between two transits of the same star: a man's period of existence or influence: a time or period.--ns. DAY'-BED (Shak.), a couch or sofa; DAY'-BLIND'NESS, a defect of vision, in which objects are best seen by a dim light; DAY'-BOOK, a book in which merchants, &c., enter the transactions of every day; DAY'BREAK; DAY'-COAL, the upper stratum of coal; DAY'-DREAM, a dreaming or musing while awake; DAY'-FLY, a fly which lives in its perfect form only for a day, one of the ephemera; DAY'-L[=A]'BOUR; DAY'-L[=A]'BOURER; DAY'LIGHT; DAY'-LIL'Y, a flower whose blossoms last only for a day, the hemerocallis.--adj. DAY'LONG, during the whole day.--ns. DAY'-PEEP (Milt.), the dawn; DAY'-SCHOL'AR, a boy who attends a boarding-school during the school-hours, but boards at home; DAY'-SCHOOL, a school held during the day, as opposed both to a night-school and to a boarding-school; DAY'-SIGHT = night-blindness; DAYS'MAN, one who appoints a day to hear a cause: an umpire; DAY'SPRING, dawn; DAY'STAR, the morning star; DAY'TIME.--adj. DAY'-WEA'RIED (Shak.), wearied with the work of the day.--n. DAY'-WORK.--DAY BY DAY, daily; DAY OF DOOM, the judgment day; DAYS OF GRACE, three days allowed for payment of bills, &c., beyond the day named.--NAME THE DAY, to fix the day of marriage.--ONE OF THESE DAYS, an indefinite reference to the near future.--THE DAY, the time spoken of: (Scot.) to-day; THE OTHER DAY, not long ago; THE TIME OF DAY, a greeting, as, 'to give a person the time of day,' to greet him. [A.S. dæg; Ger. tag; not conn. with L. dies.]

DAYAK. See DYAK.

DAY-WOMAN, d[=a]'-woom'an, n. (Shak.) a dairymaid.

DAZE, d[=a]z, v.t. to stun, to stupefy. [Ice. dasa, to be breathless; cf. A.S. dwæs, foolish.]

DAZZLE, daz'l, v.t. to daze or overpower with any strong light: to confound by brilliancy, beauty, or cleverness.--ns. DAZZ'LEMENT, the act of dazzling: that which dazzles; DAZZ'LER; DAZZ'LING.--adv. DAZZ'LINGLY. [Freq. of daze.]

DEACON, d[=e]'kn, n. in Episcopal churches, a member of the order of clergy under priests: in some Presbyterian churches, an officer, distinct from the elders, who attends to the secular affairs of the church: in Congregational and some other churches, an officer who advises the pastor, distributes the elements at the Communion, and dispenses charity: in Scotland, the master of an incorporated company:--fem. DEA'CONESS, a female servant of the Christian society in the time of the apostles: in a convent, a nun who has the care of the altar: one of an order of women in some Protestant churches who nurse the sick and tend the poor.--ns. DEA'CONHOOD, DEA'CONRY, DEA'CONSHIP. [L. diaconus--Gr. diakonos, a servant.]

DEAD, ded, adj. without life: death-like: at rest, of a ball: cold and cheerless: without vegetation: utter: unerring.--v.t. to deaden, dull.--adv. in a dead manner.--n. the time of greatest stillness, as 'the dead of night.'--adjs. DEAD'-ALIVE', DEAD'-AND-ALIVE', dull, uneventful; DEAD'-BEAT, quite overcome; DEAD'-BORN, still-born.--n.pl. DEAD'-CLOTHES, clothes in which to bury the dead.--n. DEAD'-COL'OURING, the first broad outlines of a picture.--adjs. DEAD'-DO'ING (Spens.), putting to death, destructive; DEAD'-DRUNK, completely drunk.--v.t. DEAD'EN, to make dead: to deprive partly of vigour or sensation: to blunt: to lessen.--ns. DEAD'-EYE, (naut.), a round, flattish wooden block with a rope or iron band passing round it, and pierced with three holes for a lanyard; DEAD'-FALL, a trap operated by a weight that, when its support is removed, falls upon and kills or holds an animal; DEAD'-FREIGHT, money paid for the empty space in a ship by a person who engages to freight her, but fails to make out a full cargo; DEAD'-HEAD (U.S.), one who is allowed, without payment, to ride in a public carriage, sit in a theatre, or hold a privilege having a money value; DEAD'-HEAT, a heat or race in which no one gains the advantage; DEAD'-HOUSE, the house or room where (in hospitals, police-offices, &c.) dead bodies are kept till buried: a mortuary; DEAD'-LETT'ER, a letter undelivered and unclaimed at the post-office: a law or ordinance which has been made but never enforced; DEAD'-LEV'EL, a stretch of land without any rising ground: sameness; DEAD'-LIFT, a lift made without help, leverage, &c.; hence an effort under discouraging conditions.--n.pl. DEAD'-LIGHTS, storm-shutters for a cabin window.--ns. DEAD'LINESS; DEAD'-LOCK, the case when matters have become so complicated that all is at a complete standstill.--adj. DEAD'LY, causing death: fatal: implacable.--adv. in a manner resembling death.--ns. DEAD'LY-NIGHT'SHADE, the plant Belladonna (q.v.); DEAD'-MARCH, a piece of solemn music played at funeral processions, esp. of soldiers; DEAD'-MEAT, the flesh of animals ready for the market.--n.pl. DEAD'-MEN, empty bottles after a carouse.--ns. DEAD'NESS; DEAD'-NETT'LE, a genus of plants of the natural order Labiatæ, so called because they resemble nettles but do not sting; DEAD'-PAY, continued pay dishonestly drawn for men actually dead; DEAD'-RECK'ONING, an estimation of a ship's place simply by the log-book; DEAD'-ROPE, a rope not running in any block; DEAD'-SET, a determined and prolonged attempt; DEAD'-SHOT, an unerring marksman.--adj. DEAD'-STROKE, without recoil.--ns. DEAD'-WALL, a wall unbroken by windows or other openings; DEAD'-WA'TER, the eddy water closing in behind a ship's stern as she sails; DEAD'-WEIGHT, a heavy or oppressive burden; DEAD'-WIND, a wind coming directly ahead or opposed to a ship's course; DEAD'-WOOD, pieces of timber laid on the upper side of the keel at either end, useless material; DEAD'-WORK, work, itself unprofitable, which is necessary as a preliminary, as the opening of a mine.--DEAD AS A DOOR-NAIL, absolutely dead; DEAD LANGUAGE, one no longer spoken; DEAD-MEN'S BELLS, the foxglove; DEAD-MEN'S FINGERS, a very common coelenterate belonging to the Actinozoa--also Cow-paps and Mermaid's glove; DEAD-MEN'S SHOES, a situation formerly held by some one now dead; DEAD'S PART (Scots law), the part of a man's movable property which he may bequeath by will, and which is not due to wife and children.--BE DEAD SET AGAINST, to be utterly opposed to.--PUT THE DEAD WOOD ON (U.S. slang), to gain a great advantage over. [A.S. deád; Goth. dauths, Ger. todt, from root of die.]

DEAF, def, adj. dull of hearing: unable to hear at all: not willing to hear: inattentive.--v.t. DEAF'EN, to make deaf, partly or altogether: to stun: to render impervious to sound.--n. DEAF'ENING, stuffing put into floors, partition-walls, &c. to prevent sounds from passing through.--adv. DEAF'LY.--ns. DEAF'-MUTE, one who is both deaf and dumb; DEAF'NESS. [A.S. deáf; Dut. doof, Ger. taub.]

DEAL, d[=e]l, n. a portion; an indefinite quantity: a large quantity; the act of dividing cards: (U.S.) a bargain: a fir or pine board: timber.--v.t. to divide, to distribute: to throw about: to deliver.--v.i. to transact business: to act: to distribute cards.--pa.t. and pa.p. dealt (delt).--ns. DEAL'ER, one who deals: a trader; DEAL'-FISH, a genus of ribbon-fishes; DEAL'ING, manner of acting towards others: intercourse of trade. [A.S. d['æ]lan--d['æ]l, a part; Ger. theilen--theil, a part or division. A doublet of dole. By some, however, deal, a plank, is taken as a doublet of thill, from A.S. thel, a plank.]

DEAMBULATORY, d[=e]-am'b[=u]-la-to-ri, n. a passage or aisle round the choir and apse of a church. [L. deambul[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to walk about.]

DEAN, d[=e]n, n. a small valley.--Also DENE. [A.S. denu, a valley. Cf. DEN.]

DEAN, d[=e]n, n. a dignitary in cathedral and collegiate churches who presides over the other clergy: the president of faculty in a college; the chief chaplain of the Chapel Royal: the chief judge of the Court of Arches: the president of a trade-guild.--ns. DEAN'ERY, the office of a dean: a dean's house; DEAN'SHIP, the office or dignity of a dean.--DEAN OF ARCHES, dean of the Court of Arches (see ARCH); DEAN OF FACULTY, president of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland: DEAN OF GUILD, a municipal functionary in Scotland, who has authority over building and altering of houses.--RURAL DEAN, one who, under the bishop, has the special care and inspection of the clergy in certain parishes. [O. Fr. deien (Fr. doyen)--Low L. decanus, a chief of ten--L. decem, ten.]

DEAR, d[=e]r, adj. high in price: costly: scarce: highly valued: beloved: (Shak.), earnest, inmost.--n. one who is dear or beloved.--adv. at a high price.--adj. DEAR'-BOUGHT.--n. DEAR'LING (Spens.), a darling.--adj. DEAR'-LOVED.--adv. DEAR'LY.--ns. DEAR'NESS; DEAR'Y, one who is dear. [A.S. deóre, dýre; cog. with Ger. theuer.]

DEAR, d[=e]r, interj. indicating surprise, pity, or other emotion, as in 'Oh dear!' 'Dear me!' 'Dear, dear!'--prob. elliptical in 'Dear help us!' &c. [Sometimes doubtfully referred to Dio mio (It. 'My God'), or to some compound of Fr. Dieu.]

DEARN, DEARNFUL, DERNLY. See DERN, &c.

DEARTH, d[.e]rth, n. dearness, high price: scarcity: want: famine; barrenness.--adj. DEARTH'FUL (Scot.), expensive.

DEASIL, d[=e]'sh[=e]l, n. (Scot.) motion according to the apparent course of the sun--opp. to Withershins.--Also DEA'SOIL, DEI'SHEAL, DEA'SIUL. [Gael.]

DEARTICULATE, d[=e]-ar-tik'[=u]-l[=a]t, v.t. to disjoint.

DEASPIRATE, d[=e]-as'pir-[=a]t, v.t. to remove the aspirate.

DEATH, deth, n. state of being dead: extinction or cessation of life: manner of dying: mortality: a deadly plague: cause of death: spiritual lifelessness: the killing of the animal in hunting.--ns. DEATH'-ADD'ER, a poisonous Australian snake; DEATH'-AG'ONY, the struggle often preceding death; DEATH'-BED, the bed on which one dies, the last illness; DEATH'-BELL, the passing bell; DEATH'-BLOW, a blow that causes death; DEATH'-DAMP, a cold, clammy sweat preceding death.--n.pl. DEATH'-D[=U]'TIES, duties paid to government on the inheritance of property, real or personal, after the death of the former owner.--n. DEATH'-FIRE, a kind of light supposed to presage death.--adjs. DEATH'FUL, DEATH'LY, deadly, destructive; DEATH'LESS, never dying: everlasting.--n. DEATH'LESSNESS.--adj. DEATH'-LIKE (Shak.), like a dead person, deadly.--n. DEATH'LINESS.--adj. DEATH'-MARKED, marked for or by death, destined to die.--n. DEATH'-MASK, a plaster-cast taken from the face after death.--adj. DEATH'-PRAC'TISED (Shak.), threatened with death by malicious arts.--ns. DEATH'-RATE, the proportion of deaths to the population; DEATH'-RATT'LE, a rattling in the throat which sometimes accompanies the last uneasy breathings of a dying person; DEATH'S'-DOOR, the point of death; DEATH'S'-HEAD, the skull of a human skeleton, or a figure of it; DEATH'S'-MAN (Shak.), the public executioner; DEATH'-STROKE, a death-blow; DEATH'-THROE, the dying agony; DEATH'-T[=O]'KEN (Shak.), a sign or token of impending death, a plague-spot; DEATH'-TRAP, an unsafe building, vessel, or place that shuts up its occupants to almost certain death; DEATH'-WARR'ANT, an order from the authorities for the execution of a criminal; DEATH'-WATCH, a watch by a dying person: a popular name for several insects which produce a ticking noise, specially audible in the stillness of a death-chamber; DEATH'-WOUND, a wound which caused death.--DEATH'S'-HEAD MOTH, a species of hawk-moth, having pale markings on the back of the thorax somewhat like a skull.--BE DEATH ON, to be fond of, to be good at; BE IN AT THE DEATH, in hunting, to be up on the animal before the dogs have killed it.--DO, or PUT, TO DEATH, to kill: to cause to be killed.--GATES, or JAWS, OF DEATH, death's door, the point of death.--TO DEATH, expressive of intensity, very much. [A.S. deáth; Ger. tod. See DEAD and DIE.]

DEAVE, d[=e]v, v.t. (Scot.) to render deaf. [See DEAF.]

DEAW, d[=u], v.t. (Spens.) to bedew.

DEBACLE, de-bak'l, n. a breaking up of ice on a river: (geol.) a sudden flood of water leaving its path strewed with debris. [Fr. débâcle; de, and bâcler, to bar--L. baculus, a stick.]

DEBAR, de-bär', v.t. to bar out from: to exclude: to hinder:--pr.p. debar'ring; pa.p. debarred'.--n. DEBAR'MENT. [L. de, from, and bar.]

DEBARK, de-bärk', v.t. or v.i. to land from a ship or boat: to disembark.--ns. DEBARK[=A]'TION, DEBARC[=A]'TION. [Fr. débarquer--des = L. dis, away, and barque, a ship.]

DEBARRASS, de-bär'as, v.t. to disembarrass, disentangle, free. [Fr. débarrasser; de, and barre, a bar.]

DEBASE, de-b[=a]s', v.t. to lower: to make mean or of less value: to adulterate.--adj. DEBASED', degraded: (her.) reversed.--n. DEBASE'MENT, degradation.--adj. DEBAS'ING, tending to lower or degrade.--adv. DEBAS'INGLY. [L. de, down, and base, low.]

DEBATE, de-b[=a]t', n. a contention in words or argument: (obs.) strife.--v.t. to contend for in argument: (arch.) to fight for.--v.i. to deliberate: to join in debate.--adjs. DEBAT'ABLE, liable to be disputed; DEBATE'FUL (Spens.), quarrelsome.--ns. DEBATE'MENT (Spens., Shak.), controversy; DEBAT'ER.--adv. DEBAT'INGLY.--DEBATABLE LAND, a tract of border land between Esk and Sark claimed both by England and Scotland. [O. Fr. debatre--L. de, and batu[)e]re, to beat.]

DEBAUCH, de-bawch', v.t. to lead away from duty or allegiance: to corrupt with lewdness: to pervert.--v.i. to indulge in revelry.--n. a fit of intemperance or debauchery.--p.adj. DEBAUCHED', corrupt: profligate.--adv. DEBAUCH'EDLY.--ns. DEBAUCH'EDNESS; DEB'AUCHEE, a libertine; DEBAUCH'ER; DEBAUCH'ERY, excessive intemperance: habitual lewdness; DEBAUCH'MENT. [O. Fr. desbaucher (Fr. débaucher), to corrupt--des = L. dis, and baucher, to hew--bauche or bauc, a beam, a course of stones.]

DEBEL, de-bel', v.t. (Milt.) to conquer in war. [Fr. débeller--L. debell[=a]re--de, from, and bell[=a]re, to carry on war, from bellum, war.]

DEBENTURE, de-bent'[=u]r, n. a written acknowledgment of a debt: a deed of mortgage given by a railway or other company for borrowed money: a certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a repayment of the duty paid on their importation.--p.adj. DEBENT'URED, entitled to drawback or debenture, as goods. [L. debentur, there are due, 3d pers. pl. pass. of deb[=e]re, to owe--the first word of the receipt.]

DEBILITATE, de-bil'i-t[=a]t, v.t. to make weak: to impair the strength of.--adj. DEB'ILE (arch.), weak, feeble.--ns. DEBILIT[=A]'TION; DEBIL'ITY, weakness and languor: a weak action of the animal functions. [L. debilit[=a]re, [=a]tum--debilis, weak--de, not, habilis, able. See ABILITY.]

DEBIT, deb'it, n. a debt or something due: an entry on the debtor side of an account.--v.t. to charge with debt: to enter on the debtor side of an account.--n. DEB'ITOR (Shak.), a debtor. [L. debitum, what is due, from deb[=e]re, to owe.]

DEBITUMINISE, d[=e]-bi-t[=u]'mi-n[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of bitumen.

DÉBLAI, d[=a]-bl[=a]', n. the earth excavated from a ditch to form a parapet. [Fr.]

DEBONAIR, deb-o-n[=a]r', adj. of good appearance and manners: elegant: courteous: gay.--adv. DEBONAIR'LY.--n. DEBONAIR'NESS. [Fr. de, of, bon, good, air, appearance, manner.]

DEBOSH, de-bosh', an old form of debauch.

DEBOUCH, de-b[=oo]sh', v.i. to march out from a narrow pass or confined place.--ns. DEBOUCH'MENT, the act of debouching; DEBOUCHURE', the mouth of a river or strait. [Fr. déboucher--de, from, bouche, the mouth--L. bucca, the cheek.]

DÉBOUCHÉ, de-boo-sh[=a]', n. an opening, a passage: a market. [Fr.]

DEBRIS, de-br[=e]', n.sing. and pl. rubbish: ruins: a mass of rocky fragments. [Fr., from briser, akin to bruise.]

DEBRUISED, de-br[=oo]zd', p.adj. (her.) surmounted or partly covered by one of the ordinaries. [O. Fr. debrusier--de, apart, brusier, to break.]

DEBT, det, n. what one owes to another: what one becomes liable to do or suffer: a state of obligation or indebtedness: a duty: (B.) a sin.--p.adj. DEBT'ED (Shak.), indebted, obliged to.--ns. DEBT'EE, a creditor; DEBT'OR, one who owes a debt: the side of an account on which debts are charged.--DEBT OF HONOUR, a debt not recognised by law, but binding in honour--esp. gambling and betting debts; DEBT OF NATURE, death.--ACTIVE DEBT, a debt due to one, as opposed to Passive debt, a debt one owes; FLOATING DEBT, miscellaneous public debt, like exchequer and treasury bills, as opposed to Funded debt, that which has been converted into perpetual annuities like consols in Britain.--IN ONE'S DEBT, under a pecuniary obligation to one. [O. Fr. dette--L. debitum, deb[=e]re, to owe.]

DÉBUT, de-bü' (u sounded as in Scot. gude), n. a beginning or first attempt: a first appearance before the public, as of an actor, &c.--n. DÉBUTANT', one who makes his first appearance before the public:--fem. DÉBUTANTE'. [Fr. début, a first stroke--débuter--de, from, but, aim, mark.]

DECACHORD, dek'a-kord, n. an ancient musical instrument with ten strings: anything having ten parts. [Gr. dekachordos--deka, ten, and chord[=e], a string.]

DECACUMINATED, d[=e]-ka-k[=u]'mi-n[=a]-ted, adj. having the top cut off.

DECADE, dek'[=a]d, DECAD, dek'ad, n. a group of ten, esp. a series of ten years.--adj. DEC'ADAL. [Fr. décade--Gr. dekas--deka, ten.]

DECADENCE, dek'a-dens, or de-k[=a]'-, DEC'ADENCY (or de-k[=a]'-), n. state of decay: a term for a school in modern French literature not distinguished for vigour or originality.--adj. DEC'ADENT (or de-k[=a]'-), decaying.--n. something decaying or decayed. [Fr.,--Low L. decadentia, from L. de, down--cad[)e]re, to fall.]

DECAGON, dek'a-gon, n. a plane figure of ten angles and sides.--adj. DECAG'ONAL. [Gr. deka, and g[=o]nia, an angle.]

DECAGRAMME, DECAGRAM, dek'a-gram, n. a weight of ten grammes, equal to 0.353 oz. [Fr.,--Gr. deka, ten, and gramma, a weight; L. granum, a grain.]

DECAGYNIA, dek-a-jin'i-a, n. a class of plants in the Linnæan system having ten pistils.--adjs. DECAGYN'IAN, DECAG'YNOUS. [Gr. deka, ten, gyn[=e], a woman.]

DECAHEDRON, dek-a-h[=e]'dron, n. a solid figure having ten faces.--adj. DECAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. deka, and hedra, a seat.]

DECALCIFY, de-kal'si-f[=i], v.i. to deprive of lime: to take the calcareous matter out of bones, teeth, &c.--n. DECALCIFIC[=A]'TION. [L. de, away from, calx, calcis, lime, fac[)e]re, to make.]

DECALCOMANIA, d[=e]-kal-k[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, n. the process of transferring pictures to marble, glass, wood, &c. [Fr.]

DECALITRE, dek'a-l[=e]t-[.e]r, n. a French measure, ten litres: equal to 2½ imperial gallons. [Fr.,--Gr. deka, ten, and litra, a pound.]

DECALOGUE, dek'a-log, n. the ten commandments.--n. DECAL'OGIST. [Gr. deka, ten, logos, a discourse.]

DECAMERON, de-kam'e-ron, n. Boccaccio's hundred tales, supposed to be told in ten days.--adj. DECAMERON'IC. [From Gr. deka, ten, h[=e]mera, a day.]

DECAMETRE, dek'a-m[=e]t-[.e]r, n. a French measure of ten metres, or 32.8 feet. [Fr. décamètre--Gr. deka, ten, metron, a measure. See METRE.]

DECAMP, de-kamp', v.i. to go away, esp. secretly.--n. DECAMP'MENT. [Fr. décamper.]

DECANAL, dek'an-al, adj. pertaining to a dean or deanery.

DECANDRIA, de-kan'dri-a, n. a class of plants in the Linnæan system having ten stamens.--adjs. DECAN'DRIAN, DECAN'DROUS. [Gr. deka, ten, and an[=e]r, andros, a man.]

DECANGULAR, dek-ang'g[=u]-lar, adj. having ten angles. [Gr. deka, ten, and L. angulus, an angle.]

DECANT, de-kant', v.t. to pour off, leaving sediment: to pour from one vessel into another.--ns. DECANT[=A]'TION; DECANT'ER, an ornamental bottle for holding decanted liquor. [Fr. décanter (It. decantare)--de, from, and Low L. cantus, a side or corner.]

DECAPHYLLOUS, dek-a-fil'us, adj. having ten leaves. [Gr. deka, ten, phyllon, a leaf.]

DECAPITATE, de-kap'i-t[=a]t, v.t. to take the head from: to behead.--n. DECAPIT[=A]'TION. [Low L. decapit[=a]re--L. de, from, and caput, capitis, the head.]

DECAPOD, dek'a-pod, n. one of the shellfish which have ten feet or claws, as the crab.--adjs. DECA'PODAL, DECA'PODOUS. [Gr. deka, ten, and pous, podos, a foot.]

DECARBONATE, de-kär'bon-[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of carbon--also DECAR'BONISE, DECAR'BURISE.--ns. DECARBONIS[=A]'TION, DECARBURIS[=A]'TION. [De, from, carbon.]

DECASTICH, dek'a-stik, n. a poem of ten lines. [Gr. deka, ten, and stichos, a row, a verse.]

DECASTYLE, dek'a-st[=i]l, n. a portico with ten columns in front. [Gr. deka, ten, stylos, a column.]

DECASYLLABIC, dek-a-sil-ab'ik, adj. having ten syllables. [Gr. deka, ten, syllab[=e], a syllable.]

DECAUDATE, de-kaw'd[=a]t, v.t. to cut off the tail of. [L. de, and cauda, tail.]

DECAY, d[=e]-k[=a]', v.i. to fall away from a state of health or excellence: to waste away.--v.t. to cause to waste away: to impair.--n. a falling into a worse or less perfect state: a passing away: loss of fortune: (obs.) misfortune.--p.adj. DECAYED', reduced in circumstances.--n. DECAYED'NESS. [O. Fr. decair--L. de, from cad[)e]re, to fall.]

DECEASE, d[=e]-s[=e]s', n. death.--v.i. to die.--p.adj. DECEASED', dead. [O. Fr. deces (Fr. décès)--L. decessus--de, away, ced[)e]re, cessum, to go.]

DECEIT, de-s[=e]t', n. act of deceiving: anything intended to mislead another: fraud: falseness.--adj. DECEIT'FUL, full of deceit: disposed or tending to deceive: insincere.--adv. DECEIT'FULLY.--n. DECEIT'FULNESS. [O. Fr., from L. decip[)e]re, deceptum, to deceive.]

DECEIVE, de-s[=e]v', v.t. to mislead or cause to err: to cheat: to disappoint.--adj. DECEIV'ABLE, that may be deceived: exposed to imposture.--n. DECEIV'ABLENESS.--adj. DECEIV'ABLY.--n. DECEIV'ER. [Fr. décevoir--L. decip[)e]re, deceptum--de, from cap[)e]re, to take, catch.]

DECEMBER, de-sem'b[.e]r, n. the tenth month among the Romans, who began their year with March: with us, the twelfth month of the year.--adj. DECEM'BERLY, wintry, cold.--n. DECEM'BRIST, one of those who took part in the Russian conspiracy of December 1825. [L. decem, ten.]

DECEMDENTATE, d[=e]-sem-den't[=a]t, adj. having ten points or teeth.

DECEMFID, d[=e]-sem'fid, adj. divided into ten parts.

DECEMLOCULAR, d[=e]-sem-lok'[=u]-lar, adj. ten-celled.

DECEMPEDAL, d[=e]-sem'ped-al, adj. having ten feet.

DECEMVIR, de-sem'vir, n. one of ten magistrates who at one time had absolute power in ancient Rome:--pl. DECEM'VIRS, or (L.) DECEMVIRI (d[=e]-sem'vi-r[=i]).--adj. DECEM'VIRAL.--n. DECEM'VIR[=A]TE, a body of ten men in office: the term of office of decemvirs. [L. decem, ten, and vir, a man.]

DECENNARY, de-sen'ar-i, n. a period of ten years--also DECENN'IUM.--adj. DECENN'IAL, consisting of or happening every ten years. [L. decem, ten, and annus, a year.]

DECENNOVAL, de-sen'[=o]-val, adj. pertaining to the number 15.

DECENT, d[=e]'sent, adj. becoming: seemly: proper: modest: moderate: tolerable.--n. D[=E]'CENCY, becomingness: modesty.--adv. D[=E]'CENTLY. [L. decens, decentis, pr.p. of dec[=e]re, to be becoming.]

DECENTRALISE, de-sen'tral-[=i]z, v.t. to withdraw from the centre: to transfer functions from the central government to local centres.--n. DECENTRALIS[=A]'TION. [L. de, neg., and centralise.]

DECEPTION, de-sep'shun, n. act of deceiving: the means by which it is sought to deceive.--n. DECEPTIBIL'ITY.--adjs. DECEPT'IBLE, capable of being deceived; DECEP'TIOUS (Shak.), deceitful; DECEP'TIVE, tending to deceive: misleading.--adv. DECEP'TIVELY.--n. DECEP'TIVENESS.--adj. DECEP'TORY, tending to deceive. [O. Fr.,--Low L. deceptio, -nis--decip[)e]re, to deceive.]

DECERN, de-s[.e]rn', v.t. and v.i. (Scots law) to judge: to decree: to pass judgment. [O. Fr. decerner--L. decern[)e]re--de, and cern[)e]re, to distinguish.]

DECESSION, de-sesh'un, n. departure. [See DECEASE.]

DECHARM, d[=e]-chärm', v.t. to disenchant.

DECHRISTIANISE, de-krist'yan-[=i]z, v.t. to turn from Christianity: to destroy Christian elements.

DECIARE, de'si-är, n. the tenth part of an are. [Fr.,--L. deci- (in decimus), and are.]

DECIDE, de-s[=i]d', v.t. to determine: to end: to settle: to resolve.--adjs. DECID'ABLE, capable of being decided; DECID'ED, determined: clear, unmistakable: resolute.--adv. DECID'EDLY. [O. Fr. decider--L. decid[=e]re--de, away, cæd[)e]re, to cut.]

DECIDUOUS, de-sid'[=u]-us, adj. that fall in autumn, as leaves: not permanent.--n. DECID'UA, a membrane of the uterus discharged after parturition.--adj. DECID'U[=A]TE.--n. DECID'UOUSNESS.--DECIDUOUS TREES, those which annually lose and renew their leaves. [L. deciduus--decid[)e]re, de, from, cad[)e]re, to fall.]

DECIGRAMME, de'si-gram, n. the tenth part of a gramme. [See GRAMME (3).]

DECILITRE, des'i-l[=e]-t[.e]r, n. a measure of capacity equal to 1/10 litre.

DECILLION, de-sil'yun, n. a million raised to the tenth power: in the French and American notation, a thousand raised to the eleventh power.

DECIMAL, des'i-mal, adj. numbered or proceeding by tens.--n. a fraction having ten or some power of ten for its denominator.--v.t. DEC'IMALISE, to reduce to the decimal system.--ns. DEC'IMALISM; DEC'IMALIST.--adv. DEC'IMALLY.--DECIMAL NOTATION, a system of writing numbers based on ten and powers of ten, like our ordinary system; DECIMAL SYSTEM, a system whose units are tens and powers of tens, esp. in the French metric system of weights and measures. [Fr.,--Low L. decimalis--decem, ten.]

DECIMATE, des'i-m[=a]t, v.t. to take the tenth part of: to put to death every tenth man.--ns. DECIM[=A]'TION, a military punishment, by which every tenth man was selected by lot and put to death or otherwise punished; DEC'IMATOR. [L. decim[=a]re, -[=a]tum--decimus, tenth.]

DECIME, de-s[=e]m', n. a French coin equal to 1/10 franc.

DECIMETRE, des'i-m[=e]-t[.e]r, n. a measure of length equal to 1/10 metre.

DECIPHER, de-s[=i]'f[.e]r, v.t. to uncipher or read secret writing: to make out what is unintelligible or obscure: to reveal.--adj. DECI'PHERABLE.--n. DECI'PHERMENT. [L. de, neg. and cipher.]

DECISION, de-sizh'un, n. the act of deciding: settlement: judgment: the quality of being decided in character.--adj. DEC[=I]'SIVE, having the power of deciding: showing decision: final: positive.--adv. DEC[=I]'SIVELY.--n. DEC[=I]'SIVENESS.--adj. DEC[=I]'SORY, decisive. [See DECIDE.]

DECISTÈRE, des-i-st[=a]r, n. a cubic measure equal to 1/10 stere.

DECITIZENISE, d[=e]-sit'i-zen-[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of citizenship.

DECIVILISE, d[=e]-siv'i-l[=i]z, v.t. to reduce from a civilised to a more savage state.

DECK, dek, v.t. to cover: to clothe: to adorn: to furnish with a deck, as a vessel.--n. a covering: a horizontal platform extending from one side of a vessel to the other, thereby joining them together, and forming both a floor and a covering: the part of a pack of cards that remains after the deal, or the part of a pack necessary for playing such games as bezique, &c.--ns. DECK'-CAR'GO, cargo stowed on the deck of a vessel; DECK'-CHAIR, a light chair of spars and canvas, to be used on board ship; DECK'ER, the person or thing that decks: a vessel which has a deck or decks, used only in composition, as a three-decker, a ship with three decks; DECK'-HAND, a person employed on deck; DECK'-HOUSE, a house or box on deck; DECK'ING, adornment; DECK'-LOAD, a deck-cargo; DECK'-PASS'AGE, a passage securing only the right of being on deck, without cabin accommodation; DECK'-PASS'ENGER; FLUSH'-DECK, a deck continuous from stem to stern at the same level (see QUARTER-DECK); GUN'-DECK, a deck on which guns are carried; HUR'RICANE-DECK, a light partial deck over the saloon of some steamers; MAIN'-DECK, the deck below the spar-deck; SPAR'-DECK, the upper deck of a ship. [Dut. dekken, to cover; Ger. decken; akin to L. teg[)e]re.]

DECKLE, dek'l, n. the gauge on a paper-making machine.--n. DECK'LE-EDGE, the raw or ragged edge of handmade paper.--adj. DECK'LE-EDGED, having a rough uncut edge. [Ger.]

DECLAIM, de-kl[=a]m', v.i. to make a set or rhetorical speech: to harangue: to recite in public.--ns. DECLAIM'ANT, DECLAIM'ER.--p.adj. DECLAIM'ING.--ns. DECLAM[=A]'TION, act of declaiming: a set speech in public: display in speaking.--adj. DECLAM'ATORY, of the nature of declamation: appealing to the passions: noisy and rhetorical merely. [L. declam[=a]re--de, inten., clam[=a]re, to cry out.]

DECLARE, de-kl[=a]r', v.t. to make known: to announce: to assert: to make a full statement of, as of goods at a custom-house.--v.i. to make a statement: to show cards in order to score.--adj. DECL[=A]R'ABLE, capable of being declared, exhibited, or proved.--ns. DECLAR'ANT, one who makes a declaration; DECLAR[=A]'TION, act of declaring: that which is declared: a written affirmation: in the criminal law of Scotland, the statement made by the prisoner before the magistrate: in common law, the pleading in which the plaintiff in an action at law sets forth his case against the defendant.--adjs. DECLAR'ATIVE, DECLAR'ATORY, explanatory.--advs. DECLAR'ATIVELY, DECLAR'ATORILY.--n. DECLAR'ATOR, a form of action in the Court of Session in Scotland, with the view of having a fact judicially ascertained and declared.--adj. DECLARED', avowed.--adv. DECLA'REDLY, avowedly.--DECLARATORY ACT, an act intended to explain an old law which had become obscure or a subject of controversy. [Fr. déclarer, from L. declar[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, wholly, clarus, clear.]

DECLENSION, de-klen'shun, n. a falling off: decay: descent: (gram.) change of termination for the oblique cases. [See DECLINE.]

DECLINE, de-kl[=i]n', v.i. to bend or turn away from (a straight line); to deviate: to refuse: to bend down: to fail or decay: to stoop or condescend: to draw to an end.--v.t. to bend down: to turn away from: to refuse: to avoid: (gram.) to give the changes of a word in the oblique cases.--n. a falling off: deviation: decay: a gradual sinking of the bodily faculties, consumption.--adjs. DECLIN'ABLE, having inflection for the oblique cases; DECL[=I]'NAL, bending downward; DEC'LINANT (her.), having the tail hanging down--also DEC'LIVANT.--ns. DECLIN[=A]'TION, act of declining: a sloping or bending downward: deviation: (astron.) distance from the celestial equator; DEC'LIN[=A]TOR, an instrument determining declination.--adj. DECLIN'ATORY, containing a declination or refusal--ns. DECLIN'ATURE, act of declining or refusing: (law) a plea declining the jurisdiction of a judge; DECLINOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the DECLINATION OF THE COMPASS--i.e. the deviation of the magnetic needle from the true north. [Fr. décliner--L. de, down, away from, clin[=a]re, to bend. See LEAN.]

DECLIVITY, de-kliv'i-ti, n. a place that declines, or slopes downward, opposite of acclivity: inclination downward: a gradual descent.--adjs. DECLIV'ITOUS, DECL[=I]'VOUS. [Fr.,--L. declivitas--de, downward, clivus, sloping, akin to clin[=a]re.]

DECOCT, de-kokt', v.t. to prepare by boiling: to extract the substance of by boiling: to boil: to devise.--adjs. DECOC'TIBLE, DECOC'TIVE.--ns. DECOC'TION, an extract of anything got by boiling; DECOC'TURE, a substance prepared by decoction. [L. decoqu[)e]re, decoctum--de, down, coqu[)e]re, to cook.]

DECODE, de-k[=o]d', v.t. to translate the symbols in a code telegram into ordinary language.

DECOLLATE, de-kol'[=a]t, v.t. to behead.--p.adj. DECOLL'ATED, rounded off, as the apex of a shell.--n. DECOLL[=A]'TION, the act of beheading: a picture of a decapitation, esp. of the head of St John the Baptist on a charger: the festival of the Baptist, Aug. 29. [L. decoll[=a]re--de, from, collum, the neck.]

DECOLLETÉ, d[=a]-kol-e-t[=a]', adj. with neck uncovered: of dress, low cut. [Fr. décolleter, to bare the neck and shoulders. Cf. DECOLLATE.]

DECOLOUR, de-kul'ur, v.t. to deprive of colour--also DECOL'OURISE.--n. DECOL'ORANT, a substance that bleaches or removes colour.--v.t. DECOL'ORATE, to deprive of colour.--ns. DECOLOR[=A]'TION, removal or absence of colour; DECOLORIS[=A]'TION. [Fr. décolorer--L. decolor[=a]re--de, from, color, colour.]

DECOMPLEX, d[=e]'kom-pleks, adj. repeatedly compound.

DECOMPOSE, de-kom-poz', v.t. to separate the parts composing anything: to resolve into original elements.--v.i. to decay, rot.--adj. DECOMPOS'ABLE.--n. DECOMPOSI'TION, act of decomposing: decay or dissolution: also the compounding of things already compound. [L. de, neg., and compose.]

DECOMPOSITE, d[=e]-kom-poz'it, or de-kom'-, adj. compound a second time or more than once. [L. de, and composite.]

DECOMPOUND, de-kom-pownd', v.t. to compound again: to compound things already compounded; also, to divide a thing into its constituent parts.--adj. compounded a second time.--adj. DECOMPOUND'ABLE. [L. de, and compound.]

DECONCENTRATE, de-kon-sen'tr[=a]t, or de-kon'sen-tr[=a]t, v.t. to scatter.--n. DECONCENTR[=A]'TION. [De, and concentrate.]

DECONSECRATE, de-kon'se-kr[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of the character given by consecration: to secularise.--n. DECONSECR[=A]'TION.

DECORATE, dek'o-r[=a]t, v.t. to ornament, to beautify: to honour with a badge or medal.--adj. DEC'ORATED.--n. DECOR[=A]'TION, ornament: badge of an order.--adj. DEC'OR[=A]TIVE, ornamental.--ns. DEC'OR[=A]TIVENESS; DEC'OR[=A]TOR.--DECORATED STYLE (archit.), a style of Gothic architecture, elaborated and richly decorated, which prevailed till near the end of the 14th century.--DECORATION DAY, May 30th, when the memory of the soldiers who fell in the American Civil War of 1861-65 is honoured by the decoration of their graves, speeches, processions, &c. [L. decor[=a]re, -[=a]tum--decus, what is becoming--dec[=e]re, to be becoming.]

DECOROUS, de-k[=o]'rus, or dek'o-rus, adj. becoming: suitable: proper: decent.--adv. DEC[=O]'ROUSLY.--ns. DEC[=O]'ROUSNESS; DEC[=O]'RUM, that which is becoming in outward appearance: propriety of conduct: decency. [L. decorus, becoming.]

DECORTICATE, de-kor'ti-k[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of the bark, husk, or peel.--n. DECORTIC[=A]'TION. [L. decortic[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, from, and cortex, bark.]

DECOY, de-koy', v.t. to allure: to entrap: to lure into a trap.--n. anything intended to allure into a snare: an apparatus of hoops and network for trapping wild-ducks--sometimes duck-coy.--n. DECOY'-DUCK, a wild-duck tamed and trained to entice others into a trap: (fig.) one employed to allure others into a snare. [L. de, down, and O. Fr. coi, quiet; the earlier verb to coy was confused with the Dut. kooi--L. cavea, a cage. See COY.]

DECRASSIFY, d[=e]-kras'i-f[=i], v.t. to make less crass.

DECREASE, de-kr[=e]s', v.i. to become less: to be diminished by degrees in size or power.--v.t. to make less: to lessen gradually.--n. a growing less: loss.--adv. DECREAS'INGLY. [O. Fr. decrois, a decrease--L. descresc[)e]re--de, from, cresc[)e]re, to grow.]

DECREE, de-kr[=e]', n. an order by one in authority: an edict or law: a judicial decision: a predetermined purpose.--v.t. to decide or determine by sentence in law: to appoint.--v.i. to make a decree:--pr.p. decree'ing; pa.p. decreed'.--adjs. DECREE'ABLE, capable of being decreed; DECR[=E]'TIVE, having the force of a decree; DEC'R[=E]TORY, DECRET[=O]'RIAL, established by a decree: determining: judicial.--DECREE NISI (L. nisi, unless), a decree that becomes absolute unless cause be shown to the contrary--granted esp. in divorce cases. [O. Fr. decret--L. decretum--decern[)e]re, to decide.]

DECREET, de-kr[=e]t', n. (Scots law) a court judgment.

DECREMENT, dek're-ment, n. the act or state of decreasing: the quantity lost by decrease. [L. decrementum.]

DECREPIT, de-krep'it, adj. worn out by the infirmities of old age: in the last stage of decay.--ns. DECREP'ITNESS; DECREP'ITUDE, state of being decrepit or worn out with age. [L. decrepitus, noiseless, very old--de, not, crepitus, a noise.]

DECREPITATE, de-krep'i-t[=a]t, v.i. to crackle, as salts when heated.--v.t. to roast so as to cause a continual crackling, to calcine.--n. DECREPIT[=A]'TION. [L. de, inten., crepit[=a]re, to rattle much, freq. of crep[=a]re.]

DECRESCENT, de-kres'ent, adj. becoming gradually less.--n. (mus.) DECRESCEN'DO = Diminuendo (q.v.). [L.]

DECRETAL, de-kr[=e]'tal, adj. pertaining to a decree.--n. a decree, esp. of the pope: a book containing decrees: spec. in pl. the second part of the canon law, the decrees of various popes determining points of ecclesiastical law.--n. DECR[=E]'TIST, in medieval universities, a student of the decretals, a student of law.--adjs. DECR[=E]'TIVE; DECR[=E]'TORY, pertaining to a decree, judicial. [L. decretalis--decretum.]

DECREW, de-kr[=oo]', v.i. (Spens.) to decrease. [For decrue--O. Fr. decru, pa.p. of decroistre. See DECREASE.]

DECROWN, d[=e]-krown', v.t. to discrown. [Fr. découronner, to discrown.]

DECRUSTATION, d[=e]-krus-t[=a]'shun, n. the act of removing a crust.

DECRY, de-kr[=i]', v.t. to cry down: to condemn: to censure as worthless: to blame:--pa.p. decried'.--ns. DECR[=I]'AL; DECR[=I]'ER. [Fr. de(s) = L. dis, and crier, to cry. See CRY.]

DECUMAN, dek'[=u]-man, adj. principal, large--of waves, &c.: connected with the principal gate of a Roman camp (near which the 10th cohort of the legion was stationed).--n. a great wave, as every tenth wave was supposed to be. [L. decumanus--decem, ten.]

DECUMBENT, de-kum'bent, adj. lying down: reclining on the ground.--ns. DECUB[=A]'TION, DECUM'BENCE, DECUM'BENCY, the act or posture of lying down.--adj. DEC[=U]'BITAL--n. DEC[=U]'BITUS, a recumbent position, as of one sick in bed: a bed-sore.--adv. DECUM'BENTLY.--n. DECUM'BITURE, the time when a sick person takes to bed. [L. decumbens--de, down, and cumb[)e]re, for cub[=a]re, to lie.]

DECUPLE, dek'[=u]-pl, adj. tenfold.--n. a number ten times repeated.--v.t. to make tenfold. [Fr. décuple--L. decem, ten, and plic[=a]re, to fold.]

DECURION, d[=e]-k[=u]'ri-on, n. an officer in a Roman army over ten soldiers--a DEC'URY or DEC[=U]'RIA: any overseer of ten.--n. DEC[=U]'RIONATE. [L.]

DECURRENT, de-kur'ent, adj. running or extending downward.--n. DECURR'ENCY.--adv. DECURR'ENTLY.--n. DECUR'SION, a running down: a military manoeuvre or parade.--adj. DECUR'SIVE.--adv. DECUR'SIVELY. [L. decurrens--de, down, curr[)e]re, cursum, to run.]

DECURTATE, d[=e]-kur't[=a]t, adj. cut short, abridged.--v.t. to cut short. [L. decurt[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to cut short.]

DECUSSATE, de-kus'[=a]t, v.i. to cross in the form of an X: to cross, as lines, &c.--adjs. DECUSS'ATE, -D, crossed: arranged in pairs which cross each other, like some leaves.--adv. DECUSS'ATELY.--n. DECUSS[=A]'TION. [L. decuss[=a]re, -[=a]tum--decussis, a coin of ten asses (decem asses) marked with X, symbol of ten.]

DEDAL, DEDALIAN. See DÆDAL.

DEDICATE, ded'i-k[=a]t, v.t. to set apart and consecrate to some sacred purpose: to devote wholly or chiefly: to inscribe to any one.--adj. devoted: (Shak.) dedicated.--ns. DED'ICANT, one who dedicates; DEDICATEE (ded'i-k[=a]-t[=e]'), one to whom a thing is dedicated; DEDIC[=A]'TION, the act of dedicating: an address to a patron, prefixed to a book; DED'IC[=A]TOR, one who dedicates.--adjs. DEDICAT[=O]'RIAL, DED'IC[=A]TORY, of or pertaining to a dedication. [L. dedic[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, down, dic[=e]re, to declare.]

DEDIMUS, ded'i-mus, n. a writ commissioning one not a judge to act as a judge--from its first word. [L., dedimus, we have given, d[)a]re, to give.]

DEDUCE, de-d[=u]s', v.t. to draw from: to infer a truth or opinion from what precedes or from premises.--ns. DEDUCE'MENT, what is deduced; DEDUCIBIL'ITY, the quality of being deducible.--adj. DEDUC'IBLE, that may be deduced or inferred.--v.t. DEDUCT', to take from: to separate: to subtract.--adj. DEDUCT'IBLE.--n. DEDUC'TION, (1) the act of deducing: that which is deduced: the drawing of a particular truth from a general, antecedently known, as distinguished from Induction, rising from particular truths to a general; (2) the act of deducting: that which is deducted: abatement.--adj. DEDUCT'IVE, that is, or that may be, deduced from premises or accepted principles.--adv. DEDUCT'IVELY. [L. deduc[)e]re, deductum--de, from duc[)e]re, ductum, to lead.]

DEE, d[=e], v.i. Scotch for die.

DEED, d[=e]d, n. something done: an act: an exploit: a legal transaction: the written evidence of it.--adj. DEED'FUL (Tenn.), marked by deeds or exploits.--adv. DEED'ILY.--adjs. DEED'LESS (Shak.), not having performed deeds; DEED'Y, industrious, active.--DEED OF SAYING (Shak.), performance of what has been said or promised.--IN DEED, in reality. [A.S. dæd--dón, to do; Ger. that--thun, to do.]

DEED, d[=e]d, a Scotch form of indeed.

DEEM, d[=e]m, v.t. or v.i. to judge: to think: to believe.--n. (Shak.) opinion.--ns. DEEM'STER, DEMP'STER, one who pronounces judgment, a judge--esp. one of the two in the Isle of Man. [A.S. déman, to form a judgment--dóm, doom.]

DEEP, d[=e]p, adj. extending far down or far from the outside: difficult to understand: secret: wise and penetrating: cunning: very still: profound: profoundly learned in a language: intense, heart-felt: sunk low: low or grave: (of a road) encumbered with mud, sand, or ruts.--adv. in a deep manner.--n. that which is deep: the sea: anything profound or incomprehensible.--adjs. DEEP'-BROWED, of high intellectual powers; DEEP'-DRAW'ING (of ships), requiring considerable depth to float in; DEEP'-DRAWN; DEEP'-DYED, thorough-going, extreme--in a bad sense.--v.t. DEEP'EN, to make deeper in any sense: to increase.--v.i. to become deeper.--adjs. DEEP'-FET (Shak.), fetched or drawn from a depth; DEEP'-LAID.--adv. DEEP'LY.--adjs. DEEP'-MOST, deepest; DEEP'-MOUTHED, with deep voice.--n. DEEP'NESS.--adjs. DEEP'-READ, profoundly versed; DEEP'-SEA, pertaining to the deeper parts of the sea; DEEP'-SEAT'ED, firmly seated; DEEP'-TONED, having a deep tone. [A.S. deóp; Ger. tief. Cf. DIP, DIVE.]

DEER, d[=e]r, n. a quadruped of several species, as the stag, reindeer, &c.; in M. E., any kind of animal.--ns. DEER'-HAIR, heath club-rush; DEER'-HERD; DEER'-HOUND; DEER'-LICK, a spot of salt ground whither deer come to lick the earth; DEER'-MOUSE, a common name for several species of American mice--so called from their agility; DEER'-NECK, a thin, ill-shaped neck--of horses; DEER'-SKIN, the skin of the deer, or leather made therefrom; DEER'-STALK'ER; DEER'-STALK'ING, the hunting of deer by stalking, or stealing upon them unawares. [A.S. deór; Ger. thier, Dut. dier; Ice. dýr. There is no connection with Gr. th[=e]r, L. fera, a wild beast.]

DEFACE, de-f[=a]s', v.t. to destroy or mar the face or external appearance of, to disfigure: to obliterate.--n. DEFACE'MENT, act of defacing: injury to form or appearance: that which defaces.--adv. DEF[=A]'CINGLY. [O. Fr. desfacer--des = L. dis, away, facies, face.]

DEFALCATE, de-fal'k[=a]t, v.t. to deduct a part of, of money, &c.: to embezzle money held on trust.--ns. DEFALC[=A]'TION, a diminution: a misappropriation of funds entrusted to one; DEF'ALC[=A]TOR, a defaulter. [Low L. difalc[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to cut away--L. dis-, off, falc[=a]re, to cut--falx, falcis, a sickle.]

DEFAME, de-f[=a]m', v.t. to take away or destroy the good fame or reputation of: to speak evil of: to charge falsely.--n. (Spens.) infamy.--n. DEFAM[=A]'TION, the act of defaming: calumny: slander.--adv. DEFAM'ATORILY.--adj. DEFAM'ATORY, containing defamation: injurious to reputation: calumnious.--p.adj. DEF[=A]'MING. [O. Fr. defamer--L. diffam[=a]re--dis, away, fama, report.]

DEFAULT, de-fawlt', n. a fault, failing, or failure: defect: neglect to do what duty or law requires: failure to account for money entrusted to one's charge: offence.--v.i. to fail through neglect of duty: to fail to appear in court when called upon.--n. DEFAULT'ER, one who fails to appear in court, or to account for money entrusted to his care, or to settle a debt of honour.--JUDGMENT BY DEFAULT, judgment given against a person because he fails to plead or make an appearance in court. [O. Fr. defaute and default--de = L. dis, apart, and faute.]

DEFEASANCE, de-f[=e]z'ans, n. undoing: defeat.--adjs. DEFEAS'ANCED, liable to be forfeited; DEFEAS'IBLE, that may be defeated or annulled.--n. DEFEAS'IBLENESS.--DEED OF DEFEAS'ANCE (Eng. law), an instrument which defeats the operation of some other deed or estate; and that which in the same deed is called a condition, in a separate deed is a defeasance. [O. Fr. defaisance--defaire, to undo.]

DEFEAT, de-f[=e]t', v.t. to frustrate: to ruin.--n. a frustration of plans: ruin: overthrow, as of an army in battle.--n. DEFEAT'URE (Spens.), defeat: disfigurement, disguise. [O. Fr. defait, defaire, to undo--L. dis, neg. fac[)e]re, to do.]

DEFECATE, def'e-k[=a]t, v.t. to clear from dregs or impurities: to purify from extraneous matter.--v.i. to void excrement.--n. DEFEC[=A]'TION. [L. defæc[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to cleanse--de, from, fæx, fæcis, dregs.]

DEFECT, de-fekt', n. a deficiency: a want: imperfection: blemish: fault.--n. DEFECTIBIL'ITY.--adj. DEFECT'IBLE, liable to imperfection: deficient.--ns. DEFEC'TION, a failure, a falling away from duty: revolt; DEFEC'TIONIST.--adj. DEFEC'TIVE, having defect: wanting in some necessary quality: imperfect: faulty: insufficient.--adv. DEFECT'IVELY.--n. DEFECT'IVENESS.--THE DEFECTS OF ONE'S QUALITIES, virtues carried to excess, the faults apt to accompany or flow from good qualities. [L. defic[)e]re, defectum, to fail--de, down, and fac[)e]re, to do.]

DEFENCE, de-fens', n. a defending: protection: vindication: (law) a defendant's plea.--pa.p. DEFENC'ED (B.), fortified.--adj. DEFENCE'LESS.--adv. DEFENCE'LESSLY.--n. DEFENCE'LESSNESS. [See DEFEND.]

DEFEND, de-fend', v.t. to keep off anything hurtful: to guard or protect: to maintain against attack: (obs.) to prohibit, forbid: (law) to resist, as a claim: to contest.--adj. DEFEND'ABLE, that may be defended.--ns. DEFEND'ANT, a defender: (law) a person accused or sued; DEFENDEE', one who is defended; DEFEND'ER; DEFEN'SATIVE, a protection; DEFENSIBIL'ITY.--adjs. DEFENS'IBLE, that may be defended; DEFENS'IVE, DEFEN'SORY, serving to defend: in a state or posture of defence.--n. that which defends: posture of defence.--adv. DEFENS'IVELY.--DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, a title borne by the sovereigns of England since Henry VIII., on whom it was conferred in 1521 for his book against Luther.--BE ON THE DEFENSIVE, to be in the position to defend one's self. [L. defend[)e]re, defensum, to ward off--de, off, and obs. fend[)e]re, to strike.]

DEFER, de-f[.e]r', v.t. to put off to another time: to delay:--pr.p. defer'ring; pa.p. deferred'.--ns. DEFER'MENT; DEFER'RER, a procrastinator.--DEFERRED ANNUITY (see ANNUITY); DEFERRED PAY, an allowance paid to soldiers on their discharge, or to their relations on their death; DEFERRED SHARES, shares issued by a trading company, but not entitling the holder to a full share of the profits of the company, and sometimes to none at all, until the expiration of a specified time or the occurrence of some event. [L. differre--dis, asunder, ferre, to bear, carry.]

DEFER, de-f[.e]r, v.i. to yield to the wishes or opinions of another, or to authority.--v.t. to submit to or lay before:--pr.p. defer'ring; pa.p. deferred'.--n. DEF'ERENCE, a deferring or yielding in judgment or opinion: regard: submission.--adj. DEF'ERENT, bearing away, carrying off.--n. a deferent duct (as opposed to an afferent one) in the human body.--adj. DEFEREN'TIAL, expressing deference or respect.--adv. DEFEREN'TIALLY. [L. deferre--de, down, and ferre, to bear.]

DEFERVESCENCE, de-fer-ves'ens, n. abatement of heat: coolness: decrease of feverish symptoms.--Also DEFERVES'CENCY. [L. defervesc[)e]re, to cease boiling--de, down, and fervesc[)e]re, from ferv[=e]re, to boil.]

DEFEUDALISE, d[=e]-f[=u]'dal-[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of feudal character.

DEFFLY (Spens.). For DEFTLY.

DEFIANCE, de-f[=i]'ans, n. the act of defying: a challenge to combat: aggressiveness: contempt of opposition.--adj. DEF[=I]'ANT, full of defiance, insolently bold.--adv. DEF[=I]'ANTLY.--n. DEF[=I]'ANTNESS.--adj. DEF[=I]'ATORY, bidding defiance.--BID DEFIANCE TO, to defy.

DEFIBRINATE, de-f[=i]'bri-n[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of fibrine--also DEF[=I]'BRINISE.--n. DEFIBRIN[=A]'TION.

DEFICIENT, de-fish'ent, adj. wanting.--n. DEFIC'IENCY (sometimes DEFIC'IENCE), defect.--adv. DEFIC'IENTLY.--ns. DEFIC'IENTNESS; DEF'ICIT, deficiency, esp. of revenue, as compared with expenditure. [L., defic[)e]re.]

DEFILE, d[=e]-f[=i]l', or d[=e]'f[=i]l, v.i. to march off in file or line, or file by file.--n. a long narrow pass or way, in which troops can march only in file, or with a narrow front.--v.t. DEFIL[=A]DE', to plan a fortification so as to protect it from enfilading fire.--n. DEFILE'MENT. [Fr. défiler--L. dis, and filum, a thread.]

DEFILE, de-f[=i]l', v.t. to pollute or corrupt: to violate.--ns. DEFILE'MENT, act of defiling: foulness; DEFIL'ER. [L. de, and A.S. fýlan, fúl, foul.]

DEFILIATION, de-fil-i-[=a]'shun, n. depriving a parent of his child. [L. de, neg., and filius, a son.]

DEFINE, de-f[=i]n', v.t. to fix the bounds or limits of: to determine with precision: to describe accurately: to fix the meaning of.--adj. DEFIN'ABLE, that may be defined.--n. DEFINE'MENT (Shak.), description.--adj. DEF'INITE, defined: having distinct limits: fixed: exact: clear.--adv. DEF'INITELY.--ns. DEF'INITENESS; DEFINI'TION, a defining: a description of a thing by its properties: an explanation of the exact meaning of a word, term, or phrase.--adj. DEFIN'ITIVE, defining or limiting: positive: final.--n. (gram.) an adjective used to limit the signification of a noun.--adv. DEFIN'ITIVELY.--ns. DEFIN'ITIVENESS; DEFIN'ITUDE, definitiveness. [Fr.,--L. defin[=i]re, -[=i]tum, to set bounds to--de, finis, a limit.]

DEFLAGRATE, def'la-gr[=a]t, v.i. or v.t. to burn down: to burn rapidly.--ns. DEFLAGRABIL'ITY, combustibility; DEFLAGR[=A]'TION; DEF'LAGRATOR, a galvanic instrument for producing rapid combustion. [L. deflagr[=a]re--de, down, flagr[=a]re, to burn.]

DEFLECT, de-flekt', v.i. or v.t. to turn aside: to swerve or deviate from a right line or proper course.--p.adj. DEFLECT'ED (bot.), bent abruptly downward.--ns. DEFLEC'TION, DEFLEX'ION, deviation.--adj. DEFLEC'TIVE, causing deflection.--n. DEFLEC'TOR, a diaphragm in a lamp, stove, &c., by which the flame and gases are brought together and the combustion improved.--v.t. DEFLEX' (zool., bot.), to bend down.--adj. DEFLEXED'.--n. DEFLEX'URE, deviation. [L. de, from, and flect[)e]re, flexum, to bend, turn.]

DEFLORATE, de-fl[=o]'r[=a]t, adj. past the flowering state, as an anther after it has shed its pollen.--n. DEFLOR[=A]'TION, the act of deflowering.

DEFLOWER, DEFLOUR, de-flowr', v.t. to deprive of flowers: to deprive of grace and beauty: to ravish.--n. DEFLOW'ERER. [O. Fr. deflorer--Low L. deflor[=a]re, to strip flowers off--L. de, neg., flos, floris, a flower.]

DEFLUENT, def'l[=oo]-ent, adj. running down, decurrent.--n. DEFLUX'ION, a discharge of fluid in the body. [L. deflu[)e]re--de, down, flu[)e]re, fluxum, to flow.]

DEFOLIATE, de-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of leaves.--adjs. DEF[=O]'LIATE, -D.--ns. DEFOLI[=A]'TION, the falling off of leaves: the time of shedding leaves; DEF[=O]'LIATOR. [Low L. defoli[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, off, folium, a leaf.]

DEFORCE, de-f[=o]rs', v.t. (law) to keep out of possession by force: (Scots law) to resist an officer of the law in the execution of his duty.--ns. DEFORCE'MENT; DEFORC'IANT, one who deforces; DEFORCI[=A]'TION, a legal distress. [Fr. de = L. dis, and force.]

DEFOREST, de-for'est, v.t. to disforest: to deprive of forests.--n. DEFOREST[=A]'TION.

DEFORM, de-form', v.t. to alter or injure the form of: to disfigure.--adj. (Milt.) hideous, unshapely.--n. DEFORM[=A]'TION.--p.adj. DEFORMED', misshapen.--adv. DEFORM'EDLY.--ns. DEFORMED'NESS; DEFORM'ER; DEFORM'ITY, state of being deformed: want of proper form: ugliness: disfigurement: anything that destroys beauty: an ugly feature or characteristic. [L. deformis, ugly--de, from, forma, beauty.]

DEFOUL, de-fowl', v.t. to defile. [A.S. fúl, foul, whence by vowel change of ú to ý, fýlan.]

DEFRAUD, de-frawd', v.t. to deprive of by fraud: to withhold wrongfully: to cheat or deceive.--ns. DEFRAUD'MENT, DEFRAUD[=A]'TION. [L. defraud[=a]re--de, from, and fraus, fraudis, fraud.]

DEFRAY, de-fr[=a]', v.t. to discharge the expenses of anything: to pay: (Spens.) to appease:--pr.p. defray'ing; pa.p. defrayed'.--ns. DEFRAY'MENT, DEFRAY'AL. [O. Fr. defrayer--de, and frais, expense--Low L. fractum, breakage, damage, expense.]

DEFT, deft, adj. handy, clever.--adv. DEFT'LY.--n. DEFT'NESS. [M. E. defte, dafte, simple, meek; A.S. ge-dæfte, meek--dæftan, gedæftan, prepare, make fit; the stem appears in ge-daf-en, to fit.]

DEFUNCT, de-funkt', adj. having finished the course of life, dead.--n. a dead person.--n. DEFUNC'TION (Shak.), death.--adj. DEFUNC'TIVE (Shak.), pertaining to the dead. [L. defungi, defunctus, to finish--de, and fungi, to perform.]

DEFY, de-f[=i]', v.t. to challenge: to brave: (obs.) to discard, dislike:--pr.p. defy'ing; pa.p. defied'.--n. (Dryden) a defiance.--n. DEF[=I]'ER. [O. Fr. defier--Low L. diffid[=a]re, to renounce faith or allegiance--L. dis, asunder, and f[=i]d[)e]re, to trust--f[)i]des, faith.]

DÉGAGÉ, d[=a]-ga-zh[=a]', adj. unembarrassed, unconstrained, easy. [Pa.p. of Fr. dégager, to disentangle.]

DEGAR'NISH = DISGARNISH (q.v.).

DEGENERATE, de-jen'[.e]r-[=a]t, adj. having departed from the high qualities of race or kind: become base--also DEGEN'EROUS (obs.).--v.i. to fall from a nobler state: to be or to grow worse.--v.i. DEGEN'DER (Spens.), to degenerate.--ns. DEGEN'ERACY, DEGENER[=A]'TION, the act or process of becoming degenerate: the state of being degenerate.--adv. DEGEN'ERATELY.--n. DEGEN'ERATENESS.--adj. DEGEN'ERATING.--n. DEGENER[=A]'TIONIST, one who believes that the tendency of man is not to improve, but to degenerate.--adj. DEGEN'ERATIVE, tending or causing to degenerate. [L. degener[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to depart from its kind--de, from, down, genus, gen[)e]ris, kind.]

DEGERMINATOR, de-j[.e]r'mi-n[=a]-tor, n. an apparatus for splitting grains and removing the germs. [L. de, neg., and germen, a germ.]

DEGLUTINATE, de-gl[=oo]'tin-[=a]t, v.t. to separate things that are glued together by softening the glue:--pr.p. deglu'tin[=a]ting; pa.p. deglu'tin[=a]ted. [L. deglutin[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, neg., and glutin[=a]re--gluten, glue.]

DEGLUTITION, deg-l[=oo]-tish'un, n. the act or power of swallowing.--adjs. DEGLU'TITIVE, DEGLU'TITORY. [Fr.,--L. de, down, and glut[=i]re, to swallow. See GLUT.]

DEGRADE, de-gr[=a]d', v.t. to lower in grade or rank: to deprive of office or dignity: to lower in character, value, or position: to disgrace.--n. DEGRAD[=A]'TION, disgrace: degeneration: abortive structural development: a lowering in dignity.--p.adjs. DEGRAD'ED, reduced in rank: base: low: (her.) placed on steps; DEGRAD'ING, debasing: disgraceful. [Fr. dégrader--L. de, down, and gradus, a step. See GRADE.]

DEGREE, de-gr[=e]', n. a grade or step: one of a series of advances: relative position: rank: extent: a mark of distinction conferred by universities, whether earned by examination or granted as a mark of honour: the 360th part of a circle: 60 geographical miles: nearness of relationship: comparative amount of guilt: one of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb.--BY DEGREES, by little and little, gradually; FORBIDDEN DEGREES, the degrees of consanguinity and affinity within which it is not permitted to marry; SONGS OF DEGREES, or Songs of ascents, Psalms cxx.-cxxxiv., either because sung by the Jews returning from captivity, or by the Jews coming up annually to attend the feasts at Jerusalem; TO A DEGREE, to a great degree, to an extreme. [Fr. degré--L. de, gradus, a step.]

DEGUST, d[=e]-gust', v.t. to taste, to relish.--v.i. to have a relishing taste.--v.t. DEGUST'[=A]TE (same as DEGUST).--n. DEGUST[=A]'TION, the act of tasting. [L. de, down, and gust[=a]re, to taste.]

DEHISCE, d[=e]-his', v.i. to gape, to open as the capsules of a plant.--n. DEHIS'CENCE.--adj. DEHIS'CENT. [L. dehiscens, pr.p. of dehisc[)e]re--de, inten., and hisc[)e]re, to gape.]

DEHORT, de-hort', v.t. to exhort from, to dissuade.--n. DEHORT[=A]'TION, dissuasion.--adjs. DEHOR'TATIVE, DEHOR'TATORY, dissuasive.--n. DEHORT'ER. [L. dehort[=a]ri--de, neg., and hort[=a]ri, to exhort.]

DEHUMANISE, de-h[=u]'ma-n[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of specifically human qualities. [L. de, neg., and humanise.]

DEHYDRATE, de-h[=i]'dr[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of water, chemically.--v.i. to lose water.--n. DEHYDR[=A]'TION. [L. de, neg., Gr. hyd[=o]r.]

DEICIDE, d[=e]'i-s[=i]d, n. the killing of a god: the putting to death of Jesus Christ. [From a supposed Low L. form deicidium--deus, a god, and cæd[)e]re, to kill.]

DEICTIC, d[=i]k'tik, adj. proving directly.--adv. DEIC'TICALLY. [Gr. deiktikos--deiknynai, to show.]

DEID-THRAW, d[=e]d'-thraw, n. (Scot.) death-throe.

DEIFY, d[=e]'i-f[=i], v.t. to exalt to the rank of a god: to worship as a deity: to make god-like:--pr.p. d[=e]'ifying; pa.p. d[=e]'ified.--adjs.--DEIF'IC, -AL, making god-like or divine.--n. DEIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of deifying: a deified embodiment.--adj. D[=E]'IFORM, god-like in form or character. [Fr. déifier--L. deific[=a]re--deus, a god, and fac[)e]re, to make.]

DEIGN, d[=a]n, v.i. to condescend.--v.t. to give: to allow: (obs.) to favour. [Fr. daigner--L. dign[=a]ri, to think worthy--dignus, worthy.]

DEIL, d[=e]l, Scotch form of devil.

DEINOTHERIUM, d[=i]-no-th[=e]'ri-um, n. = DINOTHERIUM.

DEIPAROUS, d[=e]-ip'a-rus, adj. bearing a god--of the Virgin. [L. deus, a god, par[)e]re, to bring forth.]

DEIPNOSOPHIST, d[=i]p-nos'[=o]-fist, n. one who converses learnedly at dinner, a table-philosopher--from the title of a work by Athenæus. [Gr. deipnon, dinner, sophist[=e]s--sophos, wise.]

DEIST, d[=e]'ist, n. one who believes in the existence of God, but not in revealed religion.--n. D[=E]'ISM, the creed of a deist.--adjs. DEIST'IC, -AL.--adv. DEIST'ICALLY. [Fr. déiste, déisme--L. deus, a god.]

DEITY, d[=e]'i-ti, n. the divinity: godhead: a god or goddess: the Supreme Being. [Fr.,--Low L. deitas--L. deus, god; Sans. deva--div, to shine.]

DEJECT, de-jekt', v.t. to cast down the countenance or spirits of.--adj. (Shak.) cast down.--adj. DEJECT'ED, cast down: dispirited.--adv. DEJECT'EDLY.--ns. DEJECT'EDNESS; DEJEC'TION, lowness of spirits: (pl.) fæcal discharge (also dejecta).--adj. DEJEC'TORY, promoting evacuations. [L. dejic[)e]re, -jectum--de, down, jac[)e]re, to cast.]

DELAINE, d[=e]-l[=a]n', n. an untwilled light dress material, originally of wool--also Muslin-de-laine.

DELAPSE, d[=e]-laps', v.i. (obs.) to sink down.--n. DELAP'SION.

DELATE, de-l[=a]t', v.t. to carry on: to publish: to charge with a crime.--ns. DEL[=A]'TION; DELAT'OR. [L. deferre, del[=a]tum, to bring a report against, to inform--de, inten., ferre, to bear.]

DELAY, de-l[=a]', v.t. to put off to another time: to defer: to hinder or retard.--v.i. to pause, linger, or put off time.--n. a putting off or deferring: a lingering: hinderance:--pr.p. delay'ing; pa.p. delayed'.--n. DELAY'ER.--adv. DELAY'INGLY. [O. Fr. delaier--L. differre, dil[=a]tum--dis, apart, ferre, to carry.]

DELAY, de-l[=a]', v.t. (Spens.) to temper, dilute, weaken. [Fr. délayer, dilute--L. deliqu[=a]re, clarify.]

DELE, d[=e]'l[=e], v.t., delete, efface, a direction in proof-reading to remove a superfluous letter or word, usually marked thus [Dele symbol].--adjs. DEL'EBLE, DEL'IBLE, that can be deleted. [L., imper. of del[=e]re, to delete.]

DELECTABLE, de-lekt'a-bl, adj. delightful: pleasing.--n. DELECT'ABLENESS.--adv. DELECT'ABLY.--n. DELECT[=A]'TION, delight. [Fr.,--L. delectabilis--delect[=a]re, to delight.]

DELEGATE, del'e-g[=a]t, v.t. to send as a legate or representative: to entrust or commit to.--n. one who is delegated: a deputy or representative: (U.S.) a person elected to represent a territory in congress, as distinguished from the representatives of the States.--adj. delegated, deputed.--ns. DELEG[=A]'TION, DEL'EGACY, a delegating: the persons delegated. [L. de, away, and legare, -[=a]tum, to send as ambassador.]

DELETE, de-l[=e]t', v.t. to blot out: to erase: to destroy.--n.pl. DELEN'DA, things to be deleted or erased.--n. DEL[=E]'TION.--adjs. DEL[=E]'TIVE, DEL[=E]'TORY. [L. del[=e]re, del[=e]tum, to blot out.]

DELETERIOUS, del-e-t[=e]'ri-us, adj. tending to destroy life: hurtful or destructive: poisonous.--adv. DELET[=E]'RIOUSLY.--n. DELET[=E]'RIOUSNESS. [Gr. d[=e]l[=e]t[=e]rios, hurtful--deleisthai, to hurt.]

DELF, delf, n. a contraction for DELFT'WARE, a kind of earthenware originally made at Delft, Holland.

DELF, delf, n. a drain, ditch: (her.) a charge representing a square sod. [A.S. dælf--delfan, to dig.]

DELIAN, d[=e]'li-an, adj. pertaining to Delos in the Ægean Sea, birthplace of Apollo and Artemis.

DELIBATE, del'i-b[=a]t, v.t. (obs.) to sip.--n. DELIB[=A]'TION.

DELIBERATE, de-lib'[.e]r-[=a]t, v.t. to weigh well in one's mind.--v.i. to consider the reasons for and against anything: to reflect: to consider.--adj. well considered: considering carefully: slow in determining: cautious.--adv. DELIB'ERATELY.--ns. DELIB'ERATENESS; DELIBER[=A]'TION, the act of deliberating: mature reflection: calmness: coolness.--adj. DELIB'ERATIVE, proceeding or acting by deliberation.--adv. DELIB'ERATIVELY. [L. deliber[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, inten., and libr[=a]re, to weigh--libra, a balance.]

DELICATE, del'i-k[=a]t, adj. pleasing to the senses, esp. the taste: dainty: nicely discriminating or perceptive: of a fine, slight texture or constitution: tender: frail, not robust: requiring nice handling: refined in manners: gentle, polite, considerate: luxurious.--n. DEL'ICACY, state or quality of being delicate: refinement: nicety: tenderness, weakness: luxuriousness: anything delicate or dainty.--adv. DEL'ICATELY, in a delicate manner: (B.) luxuriously.--n. DEL'ICATENESS, state of being delicate: (B.) delicacy, luxury.--n.pl. DEL'ICATES (B.), delicacies. [L. delic[=a]tus--deliciæ, allurements, luxury--delic[)e]re--de, inten., lac[)e]re, to entice.]

DELICE, del'is, n. (Spens.) flower delice, the iris. [See FLEUR-DE-LIS.]

DELICIOUS, de-lish'us, adj. full of delicacies: highly pleasing to the senses: affording exquisite pleasure.--n. DEL'ICE, (Spens.), delight: a delight or delightful thing.--adv. DELI'CIOUSLY, in a delicious manner: (B.) luxuriously.--n. DELI'CIOUSNESS. [L. deliciosus--deliciæ.]

DELICT, de-likt', n. a transgression, a misdemeanour. [L. delictum, an offence--de, and linqu[)e]re, to leave.]

DELIGATION, del-i-g[=a]'shun, n. a binding up, ligature.

DELIGHT, de-l[=i]t', v.t. to please highly.--v.i. to have or take great pleasure: to be greatly pleased.--n. a high degree of pleasure: extreme satisfaction: that which gives great pleasure.--p.adj. DELIGHT'ED, greatly pleased: (Shak.) delightful.--adjs. DELIGHT'FUL, DELIGHT'SOME, full of delight.--adv. DELIGHT'FULLY.--n. DELIGHT'FULNESS.--adj. DELIGHT'LESS, affording no delight. [O. Fr. deliter--L. delect[=a]re, inten. of delic[)e]re.]

DELILAH, d[=e]-l[=i]'la, n. the Philistine woman who befooled Samson: a courtesan who seduces a man to betray secrets: a light woman, strumpet.--Also DAL[=I]'LA.

DELIMIT, de-lim'it, v.t. to fix or mark the limit of.--n. DELIMIT[=A]'TION.

DELINEATE, de-lin'e-[=a]t, v.t. to mark out with lines: to represent by a sketch or picture: to portray: to describe accurately in words.--adj. DELIN'EABLE.--ns. DELINE[=A]'TION, the act of delineating: a sketch, representation, or description (sometimes DELIN'EAMENT); DELIN'EATOR. [L. deline[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, down, and linea, a line.]

DELINQUENT, de-ling'kwent, adj. failing in duty.--n. one who fails in or leaves his duty: a transgressor: a criminal.--n. DELIN'QUENCY, failure in or omission of duty: a fault: a crime.--adv. DELIN'QUENTLY. [L. delinquens, -entis, pr.p. of delinqu[)e]re--de, inten., and linqu[)e]re, to leave.]

DELIQUESCE, del-i-kwes', v.i. to melt and become liquid by absorbing moisture, as certain salts, &c.--v.i. and v.t. DEL'IQUATE, DELIQ'UIATE, to melt.--ns. DELIQUES'CENCE, DELIQUI[=A]'TION.--adj. DELIQUES'CENT, liquefying in the air. [L. deliquesc[)e]re--de, inten., liquesc[)e]re, to become fluid--liqu[=e]re, to be fluid.]

DELIQUIUM, de-lik'wi-um, n. liquefaction by absorption of moisture. [Fr.,--Low L. deliquium--L. de, down, and liqu[=e]re, to melt.]

DELIRIOUS, de-lir'i-us, adj. wandering in mind: light-headed: insane.--n. DELIR[=A]'TION, madness, an aberration.--adj. DELIRIF[=A]'CIENT, producing delirium.--n. any substance with this quality.--adv. DELIR'IOUSLY.--ns. DELIR'IOUSNESS; DELIR'IUM, state of being delirious: strong excitement: wild enthusiasm.--DELIRIUM TREMENS, a delirious disorder of the brain produced by excessive drinking, and often marked by convulsive or trembling symptoms. [L. delirus, crazy--de, from, and lira, a furrow; tremens, the pr.p. of trem[)e]re, to tremble.]

DELITESCENT, del-i-tes'ent, adj. lying hid or concealed--e.g. the germs of an infectious disease.--n. DELITES'CENCE. [L. delitescens, pr.p. of delitesc[)e]re--de, from, and latesc[)e]re--lat[=e]re, to lie hid.]

DELIVER, de-liv'[.e]r, v.t. to liberate or set free from restraint or danger: to rescue from evil or fear: to give up or part with: to communicate: to pronounce: to give forth, as a blow, a ball, &c.: to disburden a woman of a child in childbirth.--adj. DELIV'ERABLE.--ns. DELIV'ERANCE, act of delivering or freeing: act of transferring from one to another: parturition: the utterance of a judgment or authoritative opinion; DELIV'ERER; DELIV'ERY, the act of delivering: a giving up: the act or manner of speaking in public, of discharging a shot, of throwing a cricket-ball, of pouring water, &c.: the act of giving birth.--GENERAL DELIVERY, the delivery of letters from a post-office window to the persons to whom they are addressed--opp. to house to house delivery; GAOL, or JAIL, DELIVERY (see GAOL). [Fr. délivrer--L. de, from, liber[=a]re, to set free--liber, free.]

DELIVERLY, de-liv'[.e]r-li, adv. (Shak.) nimble manner. [O. Fr. delivre, free--L. de, and liber, free.]

DELL. See DALE.

DELLA-CRUSCAN, del-la-krus'kan, adj. belonging to, or resembling, the old Florentine Accademia della Crusca (1582), esp. of a group of sentimental English poetasters resident in Florence about 1784--crushed by Gifford's Baviad in 1794.

DELLA-ROBBIA, del-la-rob'ya, n. a term applied to enamelled terra-cotta, said to have been invented by Luca della Robbia.

DELPH, an erroneous spelling of DELF.

DELPHIAN, del'fi-an, adj. relating to Delphi, a town of ancient Greece, or to the famous oracle which was there.--Also DEL'PHIC.

DELPHIN, del'fin, adj. pertaining to the dauphin of France, or to an edition of the Latin classics prepared for his use, 64 vols., 1674-1730.

DELPHINIDÆ, del-fin'i-d[=e], n. a family of cetaceans, including dolphins, grampuses, &c. [L. delphinus, a dolphin.]

DELPHINIUM, del-fin'i-um, n. a genus of Ranunculaceæ comprising the larkspurs and stavesacre. [Formed from Gr. delphinion, larkspur.]

DELTA, del'ta, n. the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, the capital form of which is [Delta]: a tract of land of like shape formed at the mouth of a river.--n. DELTAFIC[=A]'TION, the process of forming a delta.--adj. DEL'TOID, of the form of the Greek [Delta]: triangular.--DELTA METAL, a hard alloy of copper, zinc, and iron--the three metals symbolised by the triangular shape; DELTOID MUSCLE, the large triangular muscle of the shoulder. [Gr.,--Heb. daleth, a tent-door.]

DELUBRUM, de-l[=u]'brum, n. a temple, shrine, sanctuary: a church having a font, a fort. [L.]

DELUCE. See FLEUR-DE-LIS.

DELUDE, de-l[=u]d', v.t. to play or impose upon: to deceive.--adj. DELUD'ABLE.--n. DELUD'ER. [L. delud[)e]re, to play--de, down, lud[)e]re, lusum, to play.]

DELUGE, del'[=u]j, n. a great overflow of water: a flood: esp. that in the days of Noah.--v.t. to inundate: to overwhelm as with water. [Fr.,--L. diluvium--dilu[)e]re--dis, away, lu[)e]re, to wash.]

DELUNDUNG, de-lun'dung, n. the weasel-cat of Java and Malacca, a small carnivore akin to the civet.

DELUSION, de-l[=u]'zhun, n. the act of deluding: the state of being deluded: a false belief: error.--adj. DEL[=U]'SIONAL, pertaining to delusions, afflicted with such.--n. DEL[=U]'SIONIST.--adjs. DEL[=U]'SIVE, DEL[=U]'SORY, apt or tending to delude: deceptive.--adv. DEL[=U]'SIVELY.--n. DEL[=U]'SIVENESS. [See DELUDE.]

DELVE, delv, v.t. and v.i. to dig with a spade.--n. (Spens.) a place dug out, a ditch, a cave.--n. DELV'ER. [A.S. delfan, to dig; conn. with dale, dell.]

DEMAGNETISE, de-mag'net-[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of magnetic power.--n. DEMAGNETIS[=A]'TION.

DEMAGOGUE, dem'a-gog, n. a leader of the people: a popular and factious orator.--adjs. DEMAGOGIC, -AL (-goj').--ns. DEMAGOGISM, DEMAGOGUISM (dem'a-gog-ism); DEM'AGOGUERY, DEMAGOGY (-goj'). [Fr.,--Gr. d[=e]mog[=o]gos--d[=e]mos, the people, agogos, leading--agein, to lead.]

DEMAIN. See DEMESNE.

DEMAND, d[=e]-mand', v.t. to claim: to ask earnestly or authoritatively: to call for: to question.--n. the asking for what is due: an asking for with authority: a claim: earnest inquiry.--adj. DEMAND'ABLE, that may be demanded.--n. DEMAND'ANT, one who demands: a plaintiff:--fem. DEMAND'RESS.--IN GREAT DEMAND, much sought after. [Fr.,--Low L. demand[=a]re, to demand--L. de, from, and mand[=a]re, to put into one's charge.]

DEMARCATION, DEMARKATION, de-mark-[=a]'shun, n. the act of marking off or setting bounds to: division: a fixed limit.--v.t. DEMAR'CATE, to mark off or limit. [Fr.,--dé, off, and marquer, to mark. See MARK.]

DEMATERIALISE, d[=e]-ma-t[=e]'ri-al-[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of material qualities.

DEME, d[=e]m, n. a subdivision of ancient Attica and of modern Greece, a township: (biol.) any differentiated aggregate of cells. [Gr. d[=e]mos.]

DEMEAN, de-m[=e]n', v.t. to conduct (with self): to behave.--n. DEMEANOUR, conduct--(Spens.) DEMAYNE, DEMEASNURE. [O. Fr. demener--de, inten., and mener, to lead--Low L. min[=a]re, to drive cattle, L. min[=a]ri, to threaten.]

DEMEAN, de-m[=e]n', v.t. to make mean: to lower. [More prob. on the analogy of debase, from de, and mean, low, than the same word as the preceding with specialised sense.]

DEMENT, de-ment', v.t. to drive crazy, render insane.--adj. insane, demented.--n. a demented person.--v.t. DEMENT'[=A]TE, to dement.--p.adj. DEMENT'ED, out of one's mind: insane: suffering from dementia. [L. demens, dementis, out of one's mind--de, from, and mens, the mind.]

DÉMENTI, d[=a]-mong-t[=e], n. a contradiction. [Fr. démentir, to give the lie to.]

DEMENTIA, de-men'shi-a, n. general mental enfeeblement, with loss of memory, reason, feeling, and will: often the consequence of acute mania. [L. de, neg., and mens, mentis, mind.]

DEMERIT, de-mer'it, n. ill-desert: fault: crime. [O. Fr. demerite, desert, also a fault--Low L. demeritum, a fault, demer[=e]re, to deserve--L. de, fully, mer[=e]re, to deserve.]

DEMERSED, d[=e]-merst', adj. (bot.) growing under water.--n. DEMER'SION.

DEMESMERISE, de-mes'mer-[=i]z, v.t. to relieve from mesmeric influence.--n. DEMESMERIS[=A]'TION.

DEMESNE, de-m[=e]n', DEMAIN, de-m[=a]n', n. a manor-house, with lands adjacent to it not let out to tenants: any estate in land. [Forms of domain.]

DEMI-BASTION, dem'i-bast'yun, n. a kind of half-bastion, consisting of one face and one flank. [Fr. demi--L. dimidius, half, and bastion.]

DEMI-CADENCE, dem'i-k[=a]'dens, n. (mus.) a half-cadence.

DEMI-CANNON, dem'i-kan'un, n. (Shak.) an old gun which threw a ball of from 30 to 36 lbs.

DEMI-CULVERIN, dem'i-cul've-rin, n. an old kind of cannon which threw a shot of 9 or 10 lbs.

DEMI-DEIFY, dem'i-d[=e]'i-f[=i], v.t. to treat as a demi-god.

DEMI-DEVIL, dem'i-dev'il, n. a half-devil.

DEMI-DISTANCE, dem'i-dis'tans, n. (fort.) the distance between the outward polygons and the flank.

DEMI-DITONE, dem'i-d[=i]-t[=o]n, n. (mus.) a minor third.

DEMIGOD, dem'i-god, n. half a god: one whose nature is partly divine, esp. a hero fabled to be the offspring of a god and a mortal:--fem. DEM'I-GODD'ESS. [Fr. demi, half, and god.]

DEMI-GORGE, dem'i-gorj, n. (fort.) the part of the polygon remaining after the flank is raised, going from the curtain to the angle of the polygon.

DEMI-JOHN, dem'i-jon, n. a glass bottle with a full body and narrow neck, enclosed in wicker-work. [Fr. dame-jeanne, Dame Jane, analogous to Bellarmine, gray-beard. Not from the town Damaghan.]

DEMI-LANCE, dem'i-lans, n. a short, light spear of the 16th century; a soldier armed with such a weapon.

DEMI-LUNE, dem'i-l[=oo]n, n. (fort.) a half-moon: an old name for Ravelin. [L. demi, half, and Fr. lune--L. luna, the moon.]

DEMI-MONDE, dem'i-mond, n. women in an equivocal position, kept women: the prostitute class generally.

DEMIREP, dem'i-rep, n. a woman of dubious reputation.--n. DEM'IREPDOM, shady women collectively. [Said to be a contraction of demi-reputation.]

DEMISE, d[=e]-m[=i]z', n. a transferring: death, esp. of a sovereign or a distinguished person: a transfer of the crown or of an estate to a successor.--v.t. to send down to a successor: to bequeath by will.--adj. DEM[=I]'SABLE. [O. Fr. demise, pa.p. of desmettre, to lay down--L. dimitt[)e]re, to send away--L. dis, aside, and mitt[)e]re, missum, to send.]

DEMI-SEMIQUAVER, dem'i-sem'i-kw[=a]-v[.e]r, n. (mus.) a note equal in time to the half of a semiquaver. [Fr. demi, half, and semiquaver.]

DEMISS, de-mis', adj. (Spens.) humble. [L. demissus, pa.p. of demitt[)e]re. See DEMISE.]

DEMISSION, de-mish'un, n. a lowering: degradation: depression: relinquishment: resignation.--adj. DEMISS'IVE (obs.), humble.--adv. DEMISS'LY. [L. demission-em. See DEMISE.]

DEMIT, de-mit', v.t. to dismiss: to relinquish: to resign. [See DEMISE.]

DEMIURGE, dem'i-urj, n. the maker of the world: among the Gnostics, the creator of the world and of man, subordinate to God the supreme--also DEMIUR'GUS.--adj. DEMIUR'GIC. [Gr. d[=e]miourgos--d[=e]mos, the people, and ergon, a work.]

DEMI-VOLT, dem'i-volt, n. a half-turn of a horse, the forelegs being raised in the air. [Fr. demi-volte--demi, half, and volte, a leap. See VAULT.]

DEMI-WOLF, dem'i-woolf, n. (Shak.) a half-wolf, the offspring of a dog and a wolf.

DEMOBILISE, de-mob'il-[=i]z, v.t. to take out of mobilisation: to disband.--n. DEMOBILIS[=A]'TION. [Fr.]

DEMOCRACY, de-mok'ra-si, n. a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people collectively, and is administered by them or by officers appointed by them: the people, esp. the common people in the United States, the democratic party--also DEMOC'RATY (Milt.).--n. DEM'OCRAT, one who adheres to or promotes democracy as a principle: a member of the democratic party in the United States, who preserve carefully the local liberties of states and of individuals, opposing national centralisation, and supporting a wide franchise, low tariff duties for the interests of the revenue rather than protection, and a limited public expenditure.--adjs. DEMOCRAT'IC, -AL, relating to democracy: insisting on equal rights and privileges for all.--adv. DEMOCRAT'ICALLY.--adj. DEMOCRATIF[=I]'ABLE, capable of being made democratic.--v.t. DEMOCRATISE', to render democratic.--n. DEMOC'RATIST, a democrat. [O. Fr.,--Gr. d[=e]mokratia--d[=e]mos, the people, and kratein, to rule--kratos, strength.]

DEMOGORGON, d[=e]-mo-gor'gon, n. a mysterious deity or diabolical magician first mentioned about 450 A.D., and regarded as an object of terror. [Gr. daim[=o]n, deity, gorgos, terrible.]

DEMOGRAPHY, d[=e]-mog'ra-fi, n. vital and social statistics, as applied to the study of nations and races.--n. DEMOG'RAPHER.--adj. DEMOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. d[=e]mos, the people, graphein, to write.]

DEMOISELLE, dem-wa-zel', n. (Shak.) a young lady: a crane-like bird of peculiarly graceful form. [Fr. See DAMSEL.]

DEMOLISH, de-mol'ish, v.t. to destroy, lay in ruins, to ruin.--n. DEMOLI'TION, act of pulling down: ruin. [Fr. démolir--L. demol[=i]ri, to throw down--de, down, and mol[=i]ri, to build--moles, a heap.]

DEMOLOGY, de-mol'o-j[=i], n. same as DEMOGRAPHY: the theory of the origin and development of nations. [Gr. d[=e]mos, the people, logia, a discourse.]

DEMON, d[=e]'mon, n. an evil spirit, a devil: sometimes like DÆMON, a friendly spirit or good genius:--fem. D[=E]'MONESS.--adjs. DEM[=O]'NIAC, DEM[=O]N[=I]'ACAL, pertaining to or like demons or evil spirits: influenced by demons.--ns. DEM[=O]'NIAC, a human being possessed by a demon or evil spirit.--adv. DEMON[=I]'ACALLY.--n. DEMON[=I]'ACISM, state of being a demoniac.--adj. DEM[=O]'NIAN (Milt.).--ns. DEM[=O]'NIANISM, DEM[=O]'NIASM, possession by a demon.--v.t. D[=E]'MONISE, to convert into a demon: to control or possess by a demon.--ns. D[=E]'MONISM, a belief in demons; D[=E]'MONIST, a believer in demons; DEMONOC'RACY, the power of demons; DEMONOL'ATRY, the worship of demons; DEMONOL'ATER, one who worships such; DEMONOLOGY, an account of, or the study of, demons and their agency.--adjs. DEMONOLOG'IC, -AL.--ns. DEMONOL'OGIST, a writer on demonology; DEMONOM[=A]'NIA, a form of mania in which the subject believes himself possessed by devils; DEMON'OMY, the dominion of demons; D[=E]'MONRY, demoniacal influence. [L. dæmon--Gr. daim[=o]n, a spirit, genius; in N. T. and Late Greek, a devil.]

DEMONETISE, d[=e]-mon'e-t[=i]z, n. to divest of value as money.--n. DEMONETIS[=A]'TION.

DEMONSTRATE, de-mon'str[=a]t, v.t. to show or point out clearly: to prove with certainty.--adj. DEMON'STRABLE, that may be demonstrated.--ns. DEMON'STRABLENESS, DEMONSTRABIL'ITY.--adv. DEMON'STRABLY.--ns. DEMONSTR[=A]'TION, a pointing out: proof beyond doubt: expression of the feelings by outward signs: expression of sympathy with political or social opinions, with a man or body of men, by a mass-meeting, a procession, &c.: show: a movement of troops or ships to exhibit military intention, or in war to deceive the enemy.--adj. DEMON'STRATIVE, making evident: proving with certainty: of the nature of proof: given to the manifestation of one's feelings.--adv. DEMON'STRATIVELY.--ns. DEMON'STRATIVENESS; DEM'ONSTRATOR, one who proves beyond doubt: one who teaches: (anat.) one who teaches anatomy from the dissected parts.--adj. DEMON'STRATORY, demonstrative. [L. demonstr[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, inten., and monstr[=a]re, to show.]

DEMORALISE, de-mor'al-[=i]z, v.t. to corrupt in morals: to lower the morale--that is, to deprive of spirit and confidence: to throw into confusion.--n. DEMORALIS[=A]'TION, act of demoralising: corruption or subversion of morals.--p.adj. DEMORAL[=I]S'ING.

DEMOS, d[=e]'mos, n. the people, esp. the lower classes.--adj. DEMOT'IC, pertaining to the people: popular: in Egypt. ant., of a kind of writing distinguished from the hieratic, or priestly, and from hieroglyphics. [Gr.]

DEMOSTHENIC, de-mos-then'ik, adj. of or like Demosthenes, the Athenian orator: eloquent.

DEMPSTER. Same as DEEMSTER (q.v. under DEEM).

DEMPT, demt (Spens.). Pa.p. of DEEM.

DEMULCENT, de-mul'sent, adj. soothing. [L. demulcent-em--de, and mulc[=e]re, to stroke, to soothe.]

DEMUR, de-mur', v.i. to hesitate from uncertainty or before difficulty: to object:--pr.p. demur'ring; pa.p. demurred'.--n. a stop: pause, hesitation.--adj. DEMUR'RABLE.--ns. DEMUR'RAGE, an allowance made for undue delay or detention of a vessel in port: compensation paid by the freighter to the owner of the same: allowance for undue detention of railway-wagons, &c.; DEMUR'RER, one who demurs: (law) a plea in law that, even if the opponent's facts are as he says, they yet do not support his case. [Fr. demeurer--L. demor[=a]ri, to loiter, linger--de, inten., and mor[=a]ri, to delay--mora, delay.]

DEMURE, de-m[=u]r', adj. sober: staid: modest: affectedly modest: making a show of gravity.--adv. DEMURE'LY.--n. DEMURE'NESS. [O. Fr. de (bons) murs, of good manners--L. de, of, mores, manners.]

DEMY, de-m[=i]', n. a size of paper 22½ by 17½ in.; in the United States 21 by 16 in. [Fr. demi--L. dimidium, half--di, apart, medius, the middle.]

DEMY, de-m[=i]', n. a holder of certain scholarships in Magdalen College, Oxford.--n. DEMY'SHIP. [Ety. same as above.]

DEN, den, n. the hollow lair of a wild beast: a kind of pit, a cave: a haunt of vice or misery: (coll.) a private retreat for work: (prov.) a narrow valley.--v.i. to retire to a den. [A.S. denn, a cave, and denu, a valley.]

DEN, den, n. (obs.) for good-e'en, good-even.

DENARY, den'ar-i, adj. containing ten.--n. the number ten.--n. DEN[=A]'RIUS, the chief Roman silver coin under the Republic, divided into ten asses, and worth 9-2/5d. [L. denarius--deni--decem, ten.]

DENATIONALISE, de-nash'un-al-[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of national rights.--n. DENATIONALIS[=A]'TION.

DENATURALISE, de-nat'[=u]-ral-[=i]z, v.t. to make unnatural; to deprive of naturalisation.

DENAY, de-n[=a]', obs. form of DENY, DENIAL.

DENDRACHATE, den'dra-k[=a]t, n. arborescent agate.--MOSS'-AG'ATE. [Gr. dendron, tree, achat[=e]s, agate.]

DENDRIFORM, den'dri-form, adj. having the appearance of a tree. [Formed from Gr. dendron, a tree, and L. forma, form.]

DENDRITE, den'dr[=i]t, n. a mineral in which are figures resembling plants.--adjs. DENDRIT'IC, -AL, tree-like, arborescent: marked with branching figures like plants. [Gr. dendrit[=e]s, of a tree--dendron, a tree.]

DENDRODONT, den'dr[=o]-dont, n. a fish of extinct fossil genus Dendrodus, having teeth of dendritic structure.--adj. having such teeth.--n. DENDRODEN'TINE, the form of branched dentine seen in compound teeth, produced by the interblending of the dentine, enamel, and cement. [Gr. dendron, a tree, and odous, odontos, tooth.]

DENDROID, den'droid, adj. having the form of a tree. [Gr. dendron, a tree, and eidos, form.]

DENDROLITE, den'dro-l[=i]t, n. a petrified or fossil plant. [Gr. dendron, a tree, and lithos, a stone.]

DENDROLOGY, den-drol'o-ji, n. a treatise on trees: the natural history of trees.--adj. DENDROLOG'ICAL.--n. DENDROL'OGIST. [Gr. dendron, a tree, and logia, a discourse.]

DENDROMETER, d[.e]n-drom'e-t[.e]r, n. an instrument for ascertaining the height of a tree. [Gr. dendron, tree, metron, measure.]

DENE, d[=e]n, n. a small valley.--n. DENE'-HOLE, an ancient artificial excavation in the chalk formations of Kent and Essex. [A form of dean. Cf. DEN.]

DENEGATION, d[=e]-ne-g[=a]'shun, n. denial. [L. deneg[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to deny--de, inten., and neg[=a]re, to deny.]

DENGUE, deng'g[=a], n. an acute tropical epidemic fever, seldom fatal--also breakbone-fever, dandy-fever. [The Spanish dengue, refusing, prudery, from L. deneg[=a]re, to deny, seems to have been confused with dandy-fever.]

DENIAL, de-n[=i]'al, n. act of denying or saying no: contradiction: refusal: rejection.--adj. DEN[=I]'ABLE, that may be denied.--n. DEN[=I]'ER, one who denies.

DENIER, de-n[=e]r', n. (Shak.) an old small French silver coin: also later, a copper coin of the value of 1/12 sou--hence a very trifling sum. [Fr.,--L. denarius.]

DENIGRATION, de-ni-gr[=a]'shun, n. a making or becoming black--esp. the blackening of a man's character.--v.t. DEN'IGRATE (obs.). [L. de, inten., nigr[=a]re, to blacken, niger, black.]

DENIM, den'im, n. coloured twilled cotton goods for overalls, &c.

DENITRATE, d[=e]-n[=i]'tr[=a]t, v.t. to free from nitric acid.--ns. DENITR[=A]'TION; DEN[=I]'TRIFICATOR.

DENIZEN, den'i-zn, n. an inhabitant (human or animal): one admitted to the rights of a citizen.--v.t. to make a denizen of: to provide with occupants.--v.i. to inhabit.--ns. DENIZ[=A]'TION, act of making one a citizen; DEN'IZENSHIP. [O. Fr. deinzein--deinz, dens (Fr. dans), within--L. de intus, from within.]

DENNET, den'et, n. a light gig.

DENOMINATE, d[=e]-nom'in-[=a]t, v.t. to give a name to: to call.--adj. DENOM'INABLE.--n. DENOMIN[=A]'TION, the act of naming: a name or title: a collection of individuals called by the same name: a sect.--adj. DENOMIN[=A]'TIONAL, belonging to a denomination or sect.--n. DENOMIN[=A]'TIONALISM, a denominational or class spirit or policy: devotion to the interests of a sect.--adj. DENOM'INATIVE, giving or having a title.--adv. DENOM'INATIVELY.--n. DENOM'INATOR, he who, or that which, gives a name: (arith.) the lower number in a vulgar fraction, which names the parts into which the integer is divided. [L. de, and nomin[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to name--nomen, a name.]

DENOTE, d[=e]-n[=o]t', v.t. to note or mark off: to indicate by a sign: to signify or mean: (log.) to indicate the objects comprehended in a class.--adj. DEN[=O]'TABLE.--n. DENOT[=A]'TION, that which a word names or indicates, in contradistinction to that which it connotes or signifies.--adj. DEN[=O]'TATIVE.--adv. DEN[=O]'TATIVELY.--n. DEN[=O]TE'MENT (Shak.), a sign or indication. [Fr.,--L. denot[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, inten., and not[=a]re, to mark--nota, a mark or sign.]

DÉNOUEMENT, d[=a]-n[=oo]'mong, n. the unravelling of a plot or story: the issue, event, or outcome. [Fr. dénouement or dénoûment; dénouer, to untie--de, neg., and nouer, to tie--L. nodus, a knot.]

DENOUNCE, de-nowns', v.t. to inform against or accuse publicly: (U.S.) to claim the right of working a mine, as being abandoned or insufficiently worked.--ns. DENOUNCE'MENT (same as DENUNCIATION); DENOUNC'ER. [Fr. dénoncer--L. denunti[=a]re--de, inten., and nunti[=a]re, to announce.]

DENSE, dens, adj. thick, close, compact: impenetrably stupid.--n. a thicket.--adv. DENSE'LY.--ns. DENSE'NESS; DENS'ITY, the quality of being dense: the proportion of mass to bulk or volume: the quantity of matter per unit of bulk. [L. densus, thick.]

DENSIMETER, den-sim'et-[.e]r, n. an instrument for ascertaining the comparative density or specific gravity of a substance. [L. densus, dense, and metrum (Gr. metron), measure.]

DENT, dent, n. a small hollow made by the pressure or blow of a harder body on a softer.--v.t. to make a mark by means of a blow.--p.adj. DENT'ED, marked with dents: indented. [A variant of dint.]

DENT, dent, n. a notch.--v.t. to notch. [Confused with the preceding, but from Fr. dent, tooth--L. dens, dentis.]

DENTAGRA, den-tag'ra, n. a tooth-drawing forceps: toothache.

DENTAL, den'tal, adj. belonging to the teeth: produced by the aid of the teeth.--n. an articulation or letter pronounced chiefly with the teeth.--adj. DEN'TARY, belonging to dentition, bearing teeth.--n. the distal element of the jaw of vertebrates below mammals.--DENTAL ENGINE, a mechanical appliance giving a rotary motion to a dentist's boring instruments. [L. dens, dentis, a tooth. See TOOTH.]

DENTATE, -D, den't[=a]t, -ed, adj. toothed: notched: set as with teeth. [L. dentatus, toothed, dens, a tooth.]

DENTEL. See DENTIL.

DENTEX, den'teks, n. a voracious sparoid fish.

DENTICLE, den'ti-kl, n. a small tooth.--adjs. DENTIC'UL[=A]TE, -D, having notches.--n. DENTICUL[=A]'TION. [L. denticulus, dim. of dens, a tooth.]

DENTIFORM, den'ti-form, adj. having the form of a tooth or of teeth. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and forma, form.]

DENTIFRICE, den'ti-fris, n. a substance used in rubbing or cleaning the teeth. [Fr.,--L. dentifricium, from dens, and fric[=a]re, to rub.]

DENTIGEROUS, den-tij'e-rus, adj. bearing teeth.

DENTIL, den'til, n. a denticle: (pl.) small square blocks or projections in the bed-mouldings of the cornices of columns--also DEN'TEL.--adj. DEN'TILATED. [See DENTICLE.]

DENTILINGUAL, den-ti-ling'-gwal, adj. formed between the teeth and the tongue, as th in thin, this.--n. a consonant so formed.--Also DENTOLING'UAL. [L. dent-, dens, a tooth, lingua, the tongue.]

DENTINE, DENTIN, den'tin, n. the substance of which the tooth is formed, under the enamel. [L. dens, dentis, a tooth.]

DENTIROSTRAL, den-ti-ros'tral, adj. having the mandibles of the beak toothed or notched, as certain birds. [L. dens, dentis, a tooth, and rostrum, a beak.]

DENTIST, den'tist, n. one who remedies diseases of the teeth, or inserts artificial teeth.--v.i. DEN'TISE, to cut one's teeth.--ns. DEN'TISTRY, the business of a dentist; DENTI'TION, the cutting or growing of teeth: the conformation, number, and arrangement of the teeth.

DENTOID, den'toid, adj. formed or shaped like a tooth. [L. dens, dentis, a tooth, and Gr. eidos, form.]

DENTOLINGUAL. See DENTILINGUAL.

DENUDE, de-n[=u]d', v.t. to make nude or naked: to lay bare.--n. DENUD[=A]'TION, a making nude or bare: (geol.) the wearing away of rocks by water and atmospheric action, whereby the underlying rocks are laid bare. [L. denud[=a]re--de, inten., and nud[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to make naked--nudus, naked.]

DENUNCIATE, de-nun'shi-[=a]t, v.t. same as DENOUNCE.--ns. DENUNCIATION (-shi-[=a]'-, or -si-[=a]'-), any formal declaration: act of denouncing: a threat; DENUN'CIATOR, one who denounces.--adj. DENUN'CIATORY, containing a denunciation: threatening.

DENY, de-n[=i]', v.t. to gainsay or declare not to be true: to reject: to refuse admission to: to disown:--pr.p. deny'ing; pa.p. denied'.--adv. DENY'INGLY.--DENY ONE'S SELF, to deny one's self the indulgence of bodily appetites and carnal inclinations: to exercise self-denial. [Fr. denier--L. deneg[=a]re--de, inten., and neg[=a]re, to say no. See NEGATION.]

DEOBSTRUENT, de-ob'str[=oo]-ent, adj. (med.) removing obstructions.

DEODAND, d[=e]'o-dand, n. in old English law, a personal chattel which had been the immediate, accidental cause of the death of a human being, forfeited to the crown for pious uses. [L. deo, to God, dandum, that must be given--d[)a]re, to give.]

DEODAR, de-o-där', n. a cedar much praised by Indian poets: the Cedrus Deodara of the Himalayas. [Sans. Deva-d[=a]ru, divine tree--a name given to various coniferous trees growing in sacred places.]

DEODATE, d[=e]'[=o]-d[=a]t, n. a gift from God. [L. deo, to God, datum, given part, pa.p. of d[)a]re, to give.]

DEODORISE, d[=e]-[=o]'dor-[=i]z, v.t. to take the odour or smell from.--ns. DEODORIS[=A]'TION; DE[=O]'DORISER, a substance that destroys or conceals unpleasant smells.

DEONTOLOGY, d[=e]-on-tol'[=o]-ji, n. the science of duty, ethics.--adj. DEONTOLOG'ICAL.--n. DEONTOL'OGIST.

DEOPPILATE, d[=e]-op'i-l[=a]t, v.t. to free from obstruction.--n. DEOPPIL[=A]'TION.--adj. DEOP'PILATIVE.

DEOXIDATE, de-oks'i-d[=a]t, v.t. to take oxygen from, or reduce from the state of an oxide--also DEOX'IDISE.--ns. DEOXID[=A]'TION; DEOXID[=I]'SER, a substance that deoxidises.

DEOXYGENATE, de-oks-ij'en-[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of oxygen.--Also DEOXY'GENISE.

DEOZONISE, de-[=o]-z[=o]n'[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of ozone.

DEPAINT, de-p[=a]nt', v.t. (Spens.) to paint: depict.

DEPART, de-pärt', v.i. to go away: to quit or leave: to die: (obs.) to separate from one another.--v.t. (obs.) to separate, divide.--ns. DEPART'ER; DEPART'ING; DEPART'URE, act of departing: a going away from a place: deviation: the distance in nautical miles made good by a ship due east or west: death.--A NEW DEPARTURE, a change of purpose or method, a new course of procedure.--THE DEPARTED, the deceased. [Fr. départir--L. de, from, and part[=i]ri, to part, to divide.]

DEPARTMENT, de-pärt'ment, n. a part: a separate part of business or duty: a section of the administration: a division of a country, esp. of France.--adj. DEPARTMENT'AL.--adv. DEPARTMENT'ALLY.

DEPASTURE, de-pas't[=u]r, v.t. to eat bare.--v.i. to graze.

DEPAUPERISE, de-paw'per-[=i]z, v.t. to remove from the state of paupers.--v.t. DEPAU'PERATE, to impoverish.

DEPEINCT, de-p[=a]nt', v.t. (Spens.) to paint.

DEPEND, de-pend', v.i. to hang down: to be sustained by or connected with anything: to be pending: to rely: to rest.--adjs. DEPEND'ABLE, that may be depended on; DEPEND'ENT, depending, relying on, contingent, relative.--n. a subordinate: a hanger-on--also DEPEND'ANT.--ns. DEPEND'ENCE, state of being dependent, reliance, trust: that on which one depends--also DEPEND'ANCE; DEPEND'ENCY, same as DEPENDENCE, in the additional sense of a foreign territory dependent on the mother-country, a kind of subordinate colony without self-government.--adj. DEPEND'ING, still undetermined.--adv. DEPEND'INGLY. [Fr. dépendre--L. depend[=e]re--de, from, and pend[=e]re, to hang.]

DEPERSONALISE, d[=e]-per'son-al-[=i]z, v.t. to take away the characteristics that constitute the personality of.

DEPHLEGMATE, de-fleg'm[=a]t, v.t. (chem.) to free from water.--ns. DEPHLEGM[=A]'TION; DEPHLEGM[=A]'TOR.

DEPHLOGISTICATE, de-flo-jis'ti-k[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of phlogiston, once supposed to be the principle of heat.--DEPHLOGISTICATED AIR, the name given by Priestley to oxygen when discovered by him in 1774.

DEPICT, de-pikt', v.t. to paint carefully: to make a likeness of: to describe minutely. [L. deping[)e]re, depictum--de, inten., ping[)e]re, to paint.]

DEPICTURE, de-pikt'[=u]r, v.t. to picture: to paint: to represent:--pr.p. depict'[=u]ring; pa.p. depict'[=u]red.

DEPILATE, dep'i-l[=a]t, v.t. to remove the hair from.--ns. DEPIL[=A]'TION; DEPIL'ATORY, an application for removing superfluous hairs.--adj. possessing this quality.

DEPLANTATION, d[=e]-plan-t[=a]'shun, n. the act of clearing from plants or of transplanting.

DEPLETE, de-pl[=e]t', v.t. to empty, reduce, exhaust.--n. DEPL[=E]'TION, the act of emptying or exhausting: (med.) the act of relieving congestion or plethora, by purging, blood-letting, or reduction of the system by abstinence.--adjs. DEPL[=E]'TIVE, DEPL[=E]'TORY. [L. depl[=e]re, depl[=e]tum, to empty, de, neg., pl[=e]re, to fill.]

DEPLICATION, dep-li-k[=a]'shun, n. an unfolding or unplaiting.

DEPLORE, de-pl[=o]r', v.t. to feel or express deep grief for.--adj. DEPLOR'ABLE, lamentable: sad.--n. DEPLOR'ABLENESS.--adv. DEPLOR'ABLY.--n. DEPLOR[=A]'TION (obs.), lamentation.--adv. DEPLOR'INGLY. [Fr.,--L. deplor[=a]re--de, inten., plor[=a]re, to weep.]

DEPLOY, de-ploy', v.t. to unfold: to open out or extend.--v.i. to open: to extend from column into line, as a body of troops.--ns. DEPLOY', DEPLOY'MENT. [Fr. déployer--L. dis, apart, and plic[=a]re, to fold. Doublet of DISPLAY.]

DEPLUME, de-pl[=oo]m', v.t. to take the plumes or feathers from.--n. DEPLUM[=A]'TION.

DEPOLARISE, de-p[=o]'lar-[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of polarity.--n. DEPOLARIS[=A]'TION.

DEPONE, de-p[=o]n', v.t. to testify upon oath. [L. depon[)e]re--de, down, and pon[)e]re, to place.]

DEPONENT, de-p[=o]'nent, adj. (gram.) applied to verbs with a passive form but an active signification.--n. one who makes a deposition, esp. under oath, or whose written testimony is used as evidence in a court of justice. [L., pr.p. of depon[)e]re.]

DEPOPULATE, de-pop'[=u]-l[=a]t, v.t. to deprive of population, to dispeople.--v.i. to become dispeopled.--adj. depopulated.--ns. DEPOPUL[=A]'TION, act of depopulating: havoc: destruction; DEPOP'ULATOR. [L. depopul[=a]ri, depopul[=a]tus--de, inten., and popul[=a]ri, to spread over a country, said of a hostile people (L. populus)--hence to ravage, to destroy. Some make it a freq. of spoli[=a]re, to plunder.]

DEPORT, de-p[=o]rt', v.t. to transport, to exile: to behave.--ns. DEPORT[=A]'TION, transportation, exile; DEPORT'MENT, carriage, behaviour. [Fr.,--L. deport[=a]re--de, away, and port[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to carry.]

DEPOSE, de-p[=o]z', v.t. to remove from a high station: to degrade: to strip: to attest: (Shak.) to examine on oath.--adj. DEPOS'ABLE.--n. DEPOS'AL. [Fr.,--L. de, from, paus[=a]re, to pause, (late) to place.]

DEPOSIT, de-poz'it, v.t. to put or set down: to place: to lay up or past: to entrust.--n. that which is deposited or put down: (geol.) rocks produced by precipitation from a fluid medium, by settling from a solution in water: something entrusted to another's care, esp. money put in a bank: a pledge: a bailment where one entrusts goods to another to be kept without recompense--in Scots law, DEPOSIT[=A]'TION.--ns. DEPOS'ITARY, a person with whom anything is left for safe keeping: a guardian--sometimes DEPOS'ITORY.--adj. DEPOS'ITIVE.--ns. DEPOS'ITOR; DEPOS'ITORY, a place where anything is deposited--sometimes DEPOS'ITARY. [Fr.,--L. depositum, placed--depon[)e]re, from de, and pon[)e]re, to put down.]

DEPOSITION, dep-o-zish'un, n. act of deposing: act of deponing: declaration, testimony taken authoritatively, to be used as a substitute for the production of the witness in open court: removal: act of depositing: what is deposited, sediment.

DEPOT, dep'[=o], de'p[=o], or d[=e]'p[=o], n. a place of deposit: a storehouse: a military station where stores are kept and recruits trained: the headquarters of a regiment: the portion of a regiment that remains at home when the rest go on foreign service: (U.S.) a railway station. [Fr. depôt--L. depon[)e]re, -positum.]

DEPRAVE, de-pr[=a]v', v.t. to make bad or worse: to corrupt.--n. DEPRAV[=A]'TION, act of depraving: state of being depraved: depravity.--adj. DEPR[=A]VED', corrupt.--adv. DEPR[=A]V'EDLY.--ns. DEPR[=A]V'EDNESS; DEPRAVE'MENT, vitiation.--adv. DEPR[=A]V'INGLY.--n. DEPRAV'ITY, a vitiated or corrupt state of moral character: extreme wickedness: corruption: (theol.) the hereditary tendency of man toward sin: original sin. [Fr.,--L. deprav[=a]re--de, inten., pravus, bad.]

DEPRECATE, dep're-k[=a]t, v.t. to try to ward off by prayer: to desire earnestly the prevention or removal of: to regret deeply: to argue against.--adj. DEP'RECABLE, that is to be deprecated.--n. DEPREC[=A]'TION, act of deprecating, earnest prayer, esp. a special petition against some evil, in litanies.--adv. DEP'RECATINGLY.--adjs. DEP'RECATIVE, DEP'RECATORY, tending to avert evil by prayer: having the form of prayer.--n. DEP'RECATOR. [L. deprec[=a]ri, deprec[=a]tus--de, away, and prec[=a]ri, to pray.]

DEPRECIATE, de-pr[=e]'shi-[=a]t, v.t. to lower the worth of: to undervalue: to disparage.--v.i. to fall in value.--n. DEPRECI[=A]'TION, the falling of value: disparagement.--adjs. DEPR[=E]'CIATIVE, DEPR[=E]'CIATORY, tending to depreciate or lower.--n. DEPR[=E]'CIATOR. [L. depreti[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, down, and pretium, price.]

DEPREDATE, dep're-d[=a]t, v.t. to plunder or prey upon: to rob: to lay waste: to devour.--ns. DEPRED[=A]'TION, act of plundering: state of being depredated; DEP'REDATOR.--adj. DEP'REDATORY. [L. depræd[=a]ri, -[=a]tus--de, inten., and præd[=a]ri--præda, plunder.]

DEPREHEND, dep're-hend, v.t. to catch, seize: to apprehend. [Through Fr. from L. deprehend[)e]re--de, and prehend[)e]re, to take.]

DEPRESS, de-pres', v.t. to press down: to let down: to lower: to humble: to make subject: to dispirit or cast a gloom over.--n. DEPRES'SANT (med.), a sedative.--p.adj. DEPRESSED', pressed down: lowered: humbled: dejected: dispirited.--adj. DEPRES'SING, able or tending to depress.--adv. DEPRES'SINGLY.--ns. DEPRES'SION, a falling in or sinking: a lowering: a fall of the barometer: a hollow: abasement: dejection; DEPRES'SOR, an oppressor: a muscle that draws down: a surgical instrument for squeezing down a soft part. [L. deprim[)e]re, -pressum--de, down, and prim[)e]re, to press.]

DEPRIVE, de-pr[=i]v', v.t. to take away from one his own: in take from: to dispossess: to degrade (a clergyman) from office: to bereave.--n. DEPRIV[=A]'TION, act of depriving: state of being deprived: degradation from office: loss: bereavement: suffering from hardship.--adj. DEPRIV'ATIVE.--n. DEPRIVE'MENT. [Low L. depriv[=a]re, to degrade--L. de, from, and priv[=a]re, to deprive--privus, one's own.]

DE PROFUNDIS, d[=e] pr[=o]-fun'dis, 'Out of the depths,' the first words of the 130th Psalm--also used as a name for this penitential psalm. [L.]

DEPTH, depth, n. deepness: the measure of deepness down or inwards: a deep place: the sea: the middle, as depth of winter: abstruseness: extent of sagacity and penetration.--adj. DEPTH'LESS, having no depth.--OUT OF ONE'S DEPTH, in water where one cannot touch bottom: in water too deep for one's safety: beyond one's faculties.--THE DEPTHS, the lowest pitch of humiliation and misery. [Not in A.S.; Skeat makes it Ice. dýpð, from djúpr, deep.]

DEPURATE, dep'[=u]-r[=a]t, v.t. to purify: sometimes to render impure.--ns. DEPUR[=A]'TION; DEP'URATOR.--adj. DEP'URATORY. [Low L. depur[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to purify--L. de, and pur[=a]re, to purify--purus, pure.]

DEPUTE, de-p[=u]t', v.t. to appoint or send, as a substitute or agent: to send with a special commission: to make over one's powers to another.--adj. in Scotland, appointed deputy (as in sheriff-depute--often called simply the depute).--n. DEPUT[=A]'TION, act of deputing: the person or persons deputed or appointed to transact business for another: persons sent to state a case before a government official.--v.t. DEP'UTISE, to appoint as deputy.--v.i. to act as such.--n. DEP'UTY, one deputed or appointed to act for another: a delegate or representative, or substitute. [Fr.,--L. deput[=a]re, to cut off, (late) to select.]

DERACINATE, de-ras'i-n[=a]t, v.t. to pluck up by the roots. [Fr. déraciner--L. de, and radix, rad[)i]cis, a root.]

DERAIL, de-r[=a]l', v.t. to cause to leave the rails.--n. DERAIL'MENT.

DERAIN, de-r[=a]n', v.t. to prove: to justify: to win by fighting: to prepare for battle: to arrange in order of battle.--Also DERAIGN', DARRAIN', DARRAYNE'. [O. Fr. derainier, desraisnier--Late L. deration[=a]re, to vindicate--L. de or dis, and ration[=a]re, to discourse; ratio, reason.]

DERANGE, de-r[=a]nj', v.t. to put out of place or order: to disorder.--p.adj. DERANGED', disordered: insane.--n. DERANGE'MENT, disorder; insanity. [Fr. déranger--dé (L. dis), asunder, and ranger, to rank.]

DERAY, de-r[=a]', v.t. to derange.--v.i. to go wild.--n. tumult, disorder. [O. Fr. desreer--des, neg., and rei, roi, order. See ARRAY.]

DERBEND, der'bend, n. a wayside Turkish guardhouse.

DERBY, där'bi, n. a great horse-race held annually on the Derby Day, on the Wednesday before Whitsuntide, on Epsom Downs, near London, so called from the Derby stakes, instituted by the Earl of Derby in 1780; a rounded felt hat with narrow brim.--ns. DER'BYSHIRE-NECK, a form of the disease goitre, occurring in Derbyshire; DER'BYSHIRE-SPAR, a fluorspar found in Derbyshire.

DER-DOING, der-d[=oo]'ing, adj. (Spens.) doing daring deeds. [See DERRING-DOE.]

DERELICT, der'e-likt, adj. forsaken: abandoned.--n. anything forsaken or abandoned.--n. DERELIC'TION, act of forsaking, unfaithfulness or remissness: state of being abandoned: land gained from the water by a change of water-line. [L. derelinqu[)e]re, -lictum,--de, inten., and linqu[)e]re, to leave.]

DERELIGIONISE, d[=e]-r[=e]-lij'on-[=i]z, v.t. to make irreligious.

DERIDE, de-r[=i]d', v.t. to laugh at: to mock.--n. DERID'ER.--adj. DERID'INGLY. [L. derid[=e]re--de, inten., and rid[=e]re, to laugh.]

DERISION, de-rizh'un, n. act of deriding: mockery: a laughing-stock.--adjs. DER[=I]'SIVE, DER[=I]S'ORY, mocking.--adv. DER[=I]'SIVELY.--n. DER[=I]'SIVENESS.

DERIVE, de-r[=i]v', v.t. to draw from, as water from a river; to take or receive from a source or origin: to infer: (ety.) to trace a word to its root.--adj. DER[=I]V'ABLE.--adv. DER[=I]V'ABLY.--adj. DER'IVATE, derived.--n. a derivative.--n. DERIV[=A]'TION, act of deriving: a drawing off or from: the tracing of a word to its original root: that which is derived: descent or evolution of man or animals.--adj. DERIV[=A]'TIONAL.--n. DERIV[=A]'TIONIST.--adj. DERIV'ATIVE, derived or taken from something else: not radical or original.--n. that which is derived: a word formed from another word.--adv. DERIV'ATIVELY. [O. Fr. deriver--L. deriv[=a]re--de, down from, rivus, a river.]

DERM, d[.e]rm, n. the skin--also DER'MA, DER'MIS.--adjs. DER'MAL, DER'MIC, DERMAT'IC, pertaining to the skin: consisting of skin.--n. DERMATOG'RAPHY, anatomical description of the skin--also DERMOG'RAPHY.--adjs. DER'MATOID, of the form of skin: skin-like; DERMATOLOG'ICAL.--ns. DERMATOL'OGIST; DERMATOL'OGY, the branch of physiology which treats of the skin; DER'MATOPHYTE, a parasitic fungus on the skin; DER'MATOSKEL'ETON, the bony integument of many reptiles, insects, and crustaceans--also DERMOSKEL'ETON.--adj. DERMOGAS'TRIC, connecting the skin and the stomach. [Gr. derma, dermatos, the skin--derein, to flay.]

DERN, d[.e]rn, adj. secret: hidden: (Shak.) dreadful--also DEARN.--adjs. DERN'FUL, DEARN'FUL, solitary: mournful.--advs. DERN'LY, DEARN'LY, secretly: sorrowfully: grievously. [M. E. dern, dærne--A.S. dyrne, derne, secret.]

DEROGATE, der'o-g[=a]t, v.i. to lessen by taking away: to detract.--adj. (Shak.) degenerate.--adv. DER'OG[=A]TELY (Shak.), in a derogatory manner.--n. DEROG[=A]'TION, a taking from: detraction: depreciation.--adv. DEROG'ATORILY.--n. DEROG'ATORINESS.--adj. DEROG'ATORY, detracting: injurious. [L. derog[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to repeal part of a law--de, down from, and rog[=a]re, to propose a law.]

DERRICK, der'ik, n. an apparatus for lifting weights, closely resembling a crane.--FLOATING DERRICK, a derrick mounted on a special boat: a beam supported at an angle between the perpendicular and horizontal, with tackle for raising heavy weights. [From Derrick, the name of a hangman in the early part of the 17th century.]

DERRING-DOE, der'ring-d[=oo], n. daring action. [M. E. dorryng-don, duryng-do, &c., as in Chaucer; taken over by Spenser in the spellings derring-doe and der-doing, with the noun derring-doer. Daring-do should be the modern English form.]

DERRINGER, der'in-jer, n. a short-rifled pistol, with one barrel--from the inventor, an American.

DERTH, d[.e]rth, n. (Spens.). Same as DEARTH.

DERVISH, d[.e]r'vish, n. among Mohammedans, a member of one of the numerous orders of monks who profess poverty and lead an austere life. [Pers. darvísh, a dervish--lit., a poor man.]

DESART, des'art, n. an old form of DESERT.

DESCANT, des'kant, n. the air in a four-part song: a discourse or disquisition under several heads.--v.i. DESCANT', to discourse at length: to comment. [O. Fr. descant--L. dis, apart, and cantus, a song--cant[=a]re, to sing.]

DESCEND, d[=e]-send', v.i. to climb down: to pass from a higher to a lower place or condition: to pass from general to particulars: to fall upon or invade: to be derived.--v.t. to go down upon: to go to the bottom of.--n. DESCEND'ANT, one who descends, as offspring from an ancestor.--adjs. DESCEND'ENT, descending or going down: proceeding from an ancestor; DESCEND'IBLE, that may descend or be descended: capable of transmission by inheritance, heritable.--p.adj. DESCEND'ING.--n. DESCEN'SION.--adj. DESCEN'SIONAL.--n. DESCENT', act of descending: transmission by succession: motion or progress downward: slope: a falling upon or invasion: derivation from an ancestor: a generation, a degree in genealogy: descendants collectively.--DESCENT FROM THE CROSS, a picture representing Christ being taken down from the cross. [Fr. descendre--L. descend[)e]re--de, down, scand[)e]re, to climb.]

DESCRIBE, d[=e]-skr[=i]b', v.t. to trace out or delineate: to give an account of.--adj. DESCRIB'ABLE.--n. DESCRIB'ER. [L. describ[)e]re--de, down, and scrib[)e]re, scriptum, to write.]

DESCRIPTION, de-skrip'shun, n. act of describing: an account of anything in words: definition: sort, class, or kind.--adj. DESCRIP'TIVE, containing description.--adv. DESCRIP'TIVELY.--n. DESCRIP'TIVENESS.

DESCRIVE, de-skr[=i]v', v.t. an obsolete form of describe.

DESCRY, de-skr[=i]', v.t. to discover by the eye: to espy:--pr.p. descry'ing; pa.p. descried'.--n. discovery: (Shak.) a thing discovered. [O. Fr. descrire for descrivre--L. describ[)e]re: a doublet of describe. Others derive the word from O. Fr. descrier, decryer, proclaim, announce--des-, de-, and crier, to cry, in which case it would be a doublet of decry.]

DESECRATE, des'e-kr[=a]t, v.t. to divert from a sacred purpose: to profane.--ns. DESECRAT'ER, -OR, DESECR[=A]'TION, act of desecrating: profanation. [L. desecr[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, away from, and sacr[=a]re, to make sacred--sacer, sacred.]

DESERT, de-z[.e]rt', n. the reward or punishment deserved: claim to reward: merit--adj. DESERT'LESS, without merit. [See DESERVE.]

DESERT, de-z[.e]rt', v.t. to leave: to forsake.--v.i. to run away: to quit a service, as the army, without permission.--ns. DESERT'ER, one who deserts or quits a service without permission; DESER'TION, act of deserting: state of being deserted: wilful abandonment of a legal or moral duty or obligation. [L. deser[)e]re, desertum--de, neg., and ser[)e]re, to bind.]

DESERT, dez'[.e]rt, adj. deserted: desolate: uninhabited: uncultivated: a desolate or barren place: a wilderness: a solitude. [O. Fr. desert--L. desertum, deser[)e]re, to desert, unbind.]

DESERVE, de-z[.e]rv', v.t. to earn by service: to merit.--v.i. to be worthy of reward.--adj. DESERV'ING, worthy.--n. desert.--advs. DESERV'INGLY, DESERV'EDLY, according to desert: justly. [Fr.,--L. deserv[=i]re--de, inten., serv[=i]re, to serve.]

DESHABILLE, des-a-bil', n. an undress: a careless toilet. [Fr. déshabillé, undressed--des = L. dis = un, not, and habiller, to dress.]

DESICCATE, de-sik'[=a]t, or des'i-k[=a]t, v.t. to dry up.--v.i. to grow dry.--adjs. DESIC'CANT, DESIC'CATIVE, drying: having the power of drying.--n. an application that tends to dry up sores.--n. DESICC[=A]'TION, the act of desiccating: state of being desiccated. [L. desicc[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to dry up--de, and siccus, dry.]

DESIDERATE, de-sid'[.e]r-[=a]t, v.t. to long for or earnestly desire a thing: to want or miss.--n. DESIDER[=A]'TION, the act of desiderating: the thing desiderated.--adj. DESID'ERATIVE, implying desire, as in desiderative verb.--n. DESIDER[=A]'TUM, something desired or much wanted:--pl. DESIDER[=A]'TA. [L. desider[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to long for. A doublet of desire.]

DESIGHTMENT, d[=e]-s[=i]t'ment, n. disfigurement.

DESIGN, de-z[=i]n', or de-s[=i]n', v.t. to draw: to form a plan of: to contrive: to intend.--n. a drawing or sketch: a plan in outline: a plan or scheme formed in the mind: plot: intention.--adj. DESIGN'ABLE.--v.t. DES'IGN[=A]TE, to mark out so as to make known: to show: to name.--ns. DESIGN[=A]'TION, a showing or pointing out: name: title; DES'IGN[=A]TOR.--adv. DESIGN'EDLY, by design: intentionally.--n. DESIGN'ER, one who furnishes designs or patterns: a plotter.--adjs. DESIGN'FUL, full of design; DESIGN'ING, artful: scheming: deceitful.--n. the art of making designs or patterns.--adj. DESIGN'LESS.--n. DESIGN'MENT, the design or sketch of a work: (Shak.) intention, purpose, enterprise.--THE ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN, the argument for the existence of God derived from the evidences of design in creation. [Fr.,--L. design[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, and signum, a mark.]

DESILVER, de-sil'v[.e]r, v.t. to deprive of silver: to extract the silver from--also DESIL'VERISE.--n. DESILVERIS[=A]'TION.

DESINE, de-s[=i]n', v.t. (Spens.) to denote.

DESIPIENCE, de-sip'i-ens, n. (rare) silliness, nonsense.--adj. DESIP'IENT, foolish. [L. desipiens, desip[)e]re, to be foolish, de-, neg., sap[)e]re, to be wise.]

DESIRE, de-z[=i]r', v.t. to long for the possession of: to wish for: to request, ask: (B.) to regret.--v.i. to be in a state of desire.--n. an earnest longing for: eagerness to obtain: a prayer or request: the object desired: lust.--adj. DESIR'ABLE, worthy of desire: pleasing: agreeable.--ns. DESIR'ABLENESS, DESIRABIL'ITY.--adv. DESIR'ABLY.--adj. DESIRE'LESS.--n. DESIR'ER.--adj. DESIR'OUS, full of desire: anxious to obtain: eager.--adv. DESIR'OUSLY.--n. DESIR'OUSNESS. [Fr. désirer--L. desider[=a]re. See DESIDERATE.]

DESIST, de-sist', v.i. to stop: to forbear.--ns. DESIST'ANCE, -ENCE, a desisting. [Fr.,--L. desist[)e]re--de, away, and sist[)e]re, to cause to stand.]

DESK, desk, n. a sloping table for the use of writers or readers, often fitted with drawers, &c.: a shut-up writing-box: a pulpit or lectern.--n. DESK'-WORK, work done at a desk, professional labours of a clerk or author. [M. E. deske--L. discus. It is a variant of dish and disc.]

DESMAN, des'man, n. a kind of musk-rat, found in Russia and the Pyrenees. [Sw. desman, musk; Ice. des, musk.]

DESMID, des'mid, n. one of a group of microscopic algæ. [Formed as a dim. of Gr. desmos, a chain.]

DESMINE, des'min, n. a zeolitic mineral occurring in clusters. [Gr. desmos, a band.]

DESMODIUM, des-m[=o]'di-um, n. a genus of leguminous plants to which the D. gyrans, or telegraph plant, belongs. [Gr. desmos, chain, eidos, form.]

DESMOID, des'moid, adj. arranged in bundles. [Gr. desmos, a chain, a bundle, and eidos, form.]

DESMOLOGY, des-mol'o-ji, n. the anatomy of the ligaments.--ns. DESMOG'RAPHY, the description of these; DESMOT'OMY, their dissection. [Gr. desmos, a ligament, and logia, a discourse.]

DESOLATE, des'o-l[=a]t, v.t. to make solitary: to deprive of inhabitants: to lay waste.--adj. solitary: destitute of inhabitants: laid waste.--adv. DES'OLATELY.--ns. DES'OLATENESS; DESOLAT'ER, -OR; DESOL[=A]'TION, waste: destruction: a place desolated.--adj. DES'OLATORY. [L. desol[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, inten., and sol[=a]re, to make alone--solus, alone.]

DESPAIR, de-sp[=a]r', v.i. to be without hope: to despond.--n. want of hope: utter hopelessness: that which causes despair.--adj. DESPAIR'FUL (Spens.).--p.adj. DESPAIR'ING, apt to despair: full of despair.--adv. DESPAIR'INGLY. [O. Fr. desperer--L. desper[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, neg., and sper[=a]re, to hope.]

DESPATCH, de-spach', DISPATCH, dis-pach', v.t. to send away hastily: to send out of the world: to put to death: to dispose of: to perform speedily.--v.i. (Shak.) to make haste.--n. a sending away in haste: dismissal: rapid performance: haste: the sending off of the mails: that which is despatched, as a message, esp. telegraphic.--ns. DESPATCH'-BOAT, a government vessel for carrying despatches; DESPATCH'-BOX, a box for containing official despatches; DESPATCH'ER.--adv. DESPATCH'FUL (Milt.), swift.--HAPPY DESPATCH, a playful name given to the Japanese hara-kiri or judicial suicide; PNEUMATIC DESPATCH (see PNEUMATIC). [O. Fr. despeecher (mod. Fr. dépêcher); acc. to Littré, from an assumed Low L. despedic[=a]re, to remove obstacles (pedica, a fetter), the opp. of impedic[=a]re. See IMPEACH.]

DESPERADO, des-p[.e]r-[=a]'d[=o], n. a desperate fellow: one reckless of danger: a madman:--pl. DESPER[=A]'DOS. [Sp. desesperado--L. desper[=a]tus.]

DESPERATE, des'p[.e]r-[=a]t, adj. in a state of despair: hopeless: beyond hope: fearless of danger: rash: furious.--adv. DES'PERATELY.--ns. DES'PERATENESS, DESPER[=A]'TION, state of despair: disregard of danger: fury. [See DESPAIR.]

DESPICABLE, des'pi-ka-bl, adj. deserving to be despised: contemptible: worthless.--ns. DES'PICABLENESS, DESPICABIL'ITY.--adv. DES'PICABLY. [L. despic[)e]re, to despise.]

DESPIGHT, de-sp[=i]t', an old form of despite.

DESPISE, de-sp[=i]z', v.t. to look down upon with contempt: to scorn.--adj. DESPIS'ABLE.--ns. DESP[=I]'SAL, contempt; DESPIS'EDNESS (Milt.); DESPIS'ER. [O. Fr. despiz, despire--L. despic[)e]re--de, down, spec[)e]re, to look.]

DESPITE, de-sp[=i]t', n. a looking down upon with contempt: violent malice or hatred.--prep. in spite of: notwithstanding.--adj. DESPITE'FUL.--adv. DESPITE'FULLY.--n. DESPITE'FULNESS.--adj. DESPIT'EOUS (Spens.). [O. Fr. despit (mod. dépit)--L. despectus--despic[)e]re.]

DESPOIL, de-spoil', v.t. to spoil completely: to strip: to bereave: to rob.--ns. DESPOIL'ER; DESPOLI[=A]'TION, DESPOIL'MENT. [O. Fr. despoiller (mod. dépouiller)--L. despoli[=a]re--de, inten., and spolium, spoil.]

DESPOND, de-spond', v.i. to lose hope or courage: to despair.--ns. DESPOND'ENCE, DESPOND'ENCY, state of being without hope: dejection.--adj. DESPOND'ENT, desponding: without courage or hope: sad.--advs. DESPOND'ENTLY; DESPOND'INGLY. [L. despond[=e]re, to promise, to give up or devote to, to give up or resign, to lose courage, to despond--de, away, and spond[=e]re, to promise.]

DESPOT, des'pot, n. one invested with absolute power: a tyrant.--n. DES'POTAT, a territory governed by a despot.--adjs. DESPOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or like a despot: having absolute power: tyrannical.--adv. DESPOT'ICALLY.--ns. DESPOT'ICALNESS, DES'POTISM, absolute power: tyranny; DESPOTOC'RACY, government by a despot. [O. Fr. despot--Low L. despotus--Gr. despot[=e]s, a master.]

DESPUMATE, de-sp[=u]'m[=a]t, or des'p[=u]-m[=a]t, v.i. to throw off in foam or scum.--n. DESPUM[=A]'TION. [L. despum[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, off, and spuma, foam.]

DESQUAMATE, des'kwa-m[=a]t, v.i. to scale off.--n. DESQUAM[=A]'TION, a scaling off: the separation of the cuticle or skin in scales.--adjs. DESQUAM'ATIVE, DESQUAM'ATORY. [L. desquam[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, off, and squama, a scale.]

DESSE, des, n. (Spens.) a dais.

DESSERT, dez-[.e]rt', n. fruits, confections, &c., served at the close of an entertainment after the rest has been taken away.--ns. DESSERT'-SERV'ICE, the dishes used for dessert; DESSERT'-SPOON, a spoon smaller than a table-spoon and larger than a tea-spoon, used not so much for dessert as for pudding. [O. Fr. dessert, desservir, to clear the table--des, away, and servir, to serve--L. serv[=i]re.]

DESSIATINE, DESSYATINE, des'ya-tin, n. a Russian measure of land, 2.7 English acres. [Russ. desyatina, a measure of land, a tenth; desyati, ten.]

DESTEMPER. See DISTEMPER (1).

DESTINE, des'tin, v.t. to ordain or appoint to a certain use or state: to fix: to doom--also DES'TINATE (obs.).--ns. DESTIN[=A]'TION, the purpose or end to which anything is destined or appointed: end: purpose: design: fate: place to which one is going; DES'TINY, the purpose or end to which any person or thing is destined or appointed: unavoidable fate: necessity. [Fr.,--L. destin[=a]re--de, inten., and root sta-, in st[=a]re, to stand.]

DESTITUTE, des'ti-t[=u]t, adj. left alone: forsaken: in want, needy--v.t. to forsake: to deprive.--n. DESTITU'TION, the state of being destitute: deprivation of office: poverty. [L. destitu[)e]re, -[=u]tum--de, away, and statu[)e]re, to place.]

DESTROY, de-stroy', v.i. to unbuild or pull down: to overturn: to ruin: to put an end to:--pr.p. destroy'ing:--pa.p. destroyed'.--n. DESTROY'ER. [O. Fr. destruire (Fr. détruire)--L. destru[)e]re, destructum--de, down, and stru[)e]re, to build.]

DESTRUCTION, de-struk'shun, n. act of destroying: overthrow: physical or moral ruin: death: a destructive plague.--adj. DESTRUC'TIBLE, liable to be destroyed.--ns. DESTRUCTIBIL'ITY, DESTRUC'TIBLENESS.--n. DESTRUC'TIONIST, one engaged in destruction: one who believes in the final annihilation of the damned.--adj. DESTRUC'TIVE, causing destruction: mischievous: ruinous: deadly.--adv. DESTRUC'TIVELY.--ns. DESTRUC'TIVENESS; DESTRUC'TIVIST, a representative of destructive principles, as in Biblical criticism; DESTRUC'TOR, a destroyer: a furnace for burning up refuse.

DESUDATION, des-[=u]-d[=a]'shun, n. a violent sweating: an eruption of small pimples on children. [L. desud[=a]re, -[=a]tum, de, inten., and sud[=a]re, to sweat.]

DESUETUDE, des'we-t[=u]d, n. disuse: discontinuance of custom, habit, or practice. [L. desuetudo--desu[=e]tum, desuesc[)e]re--de, neg., and suesc[)e]re, to become used.]

DESULPHUR, de-sul'fur, v.t. to free of sulphur: to take sulphur out of the ore--also DESUL'PHUR[=A]TE, DESUL'PHURISE.--n. DESULPHUR[=A]'TION.

DESULTORY, des'ul-tor-i, adj. jumping from one thing to another: without rational or logical connection: rambling: hasty: loose.--adv. DES'ULTORILY.--n. DES'ULTORINESS. [L. desultorius, of or pertaining to a vaulter, inconstant, desultor, a vaulter, desil[=i]re, -sultum, to leap--de, from, and sal[=i]re, to jump.]

DETACH, de-tach', v.t. to unfasten: to take from or separate: to withdraw: to send off on special service.--v.i. to separate one's self.--adj. DETACH'ABLE.--p.adj. DETACHED', unconnected: separate: free from care, passion, ambition, and worldly bonds.--adv. DETACH'EDLY.--ns. DETACH'EDNESS; DETACH'MENT, state of being separated: that which is detached, as a body of troops. [Fr. détacher--de, neg., and root of attach.]

DETAIL, de-t[=a]l', v.t. to relate minutely: to enumerate: to set apart for a particular service.--v.i. to give details about anything.--n. (de-t[=a]l', or d[=e]'t[=a]l) a small part: an item: a particular account.--adj. DETAILED', giving full particulars: exhaustive.--IN DETAIL, circumstantially, point by point. [O. Fr. detailler--de, inten., and tailler, to cut. See TAILOR.]

DETAIN, de-t[=a]n', v.t. to hold from or back: to stop: to keep: to keep in custody.--ns. DETAIN'ER, one who detains: (law) the holding of what belongs to another: a warrant to a sheriff to keep in custody a person already in confinement: DETAIN'MENT (same as DETENTION). [O. Fr. detenir--L. detin[=e]re--de, from, and ten[=e]re, to hold.]

DETECT, de-tekt', v.t. (lit.) to uncover--hence to discover: to find out.--adjs. DETECT'ABLE, DETECT'IBLE.--ns. DETECT'ER, -OR, one who detects: an apparatus for detecting something, as a detector-lock, which shows if it has been tampered with; DETEC'TION, discovery of something hidden: state of being found out.--adj. DETECT'IVE, employed in detecting.--n. a policeman employed in the investigation of special cases of crime, or in watching special classes of wrong-doers, usually not in uniform.--PRIVATE DETECTIVE, one employed by a private person to gain information, or to watch his interests. [L. detectum, deteg[)e]re--de, neg., and teg[)e]re, tectum, to cover.]

DETENTION, de-ten'shun, n. act of detaining: state of being detained: confinement: delay.--n. DETENT', something to check motion: a catch, esp. in a clock or watch. [See DETAIN.]

DETER, de-t[.e]r', v.t. to frighten from: to hinder or prevent:--pr.p. deter'ring; pa.p. deterred'.--n. DETER'MENT. [L. deterr[=e]re--de, from, terr[=e]re, to frighten.]

DETERGE, de-t[.e]rj', v.t. to wipe off; to cleanse (as a wound).--ns. DETERG'ENCE, DETERG'ENCY.--adj. DETERG'ENT, cleansing: purging.--n. that which cleanses. [L. deterg[=e]re, detersum--de, off, and tergere, to wipe.]

DETERIORATE, de-t[=e]'ri-o-r[=a]t, v.t. to make worse.--v.i. to grow worse.--p.adj. DET[=E]'RIORATED, spoilt: of inferior quality.--n. DETERIOR[=A]'TION, the act of making worse: the state of growing worse.--adj. DET[=E]'RIORATIVE.--n. DETERIOR'ITY (obs.), worse state. [L. deterior[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to make worse--deterior, worse--obs. deter, lower--de, down; cf. inter-ior.]

DETERMINE, d[=e]-t[.e]r'min, v.t. to put terms or bounds to: to limit: to fix or settle the form or character of: to influence; to put an end to: to define.--v.i. to come to a decision: to resolve.--adj. DETER'MINABLE, capable of being determined, decided, or finished.--ns. DETER'MINABLENESS, DETERMINABIL'ITY.--adj. DETER'MINANT, serving to determine.--n. that which serves to determine: in mathematical analysis, a symbolical method used for different processes, as for the solution of equations by inspection.--adj. DETER'MIN[=A]TE, determined or limited: fixed: decisive.--v.t. (Shak.) to determine.--adv. DETER'MIN[=A]TELY.--n. DETERMIN[=A]'TION, that which is determined or resolved on: end: direction to a certain end: resolution: fixedness of purpose: decision of character.--adjs. DETER'MIN[=A]TIVE, that determines, limits, or defines; DETER'MINED, firm in purpose: fixed: resolute.--adv. DETER'MINEDLY.--n. DETER'MINISM, the doctrine that all things, including the will, are determined by causes--the converse of free-will: necessitarianism.--n. DETER'MINIST.--adj. DETERMINIS'TIC. [Fr.,--L. determin[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, neg., and terminus, a boundary.]

DETERRENT, de-t[.e]r'ent, adj. serving to deter.--n. anything that deters or prevents. [See DETER.]

DETERSION, de-t[.e]r'shun, n. act of cleansing. [See DETERGE.]

DETERSIVE, de-t[.e]r'siv, n. Same as DETERGENT.

DETEST, de-test', v.t. to hate intensely.--adj. DETEST'ABLE, worthy of being detested: extremely hateful: abominable.--n. DETEST'ABLENESS.--adv. DETEST'ABLY.--n. DETEST[=A]'TION, extreme hatred. [Fr.,--L. detest[=a]ri--de, inten., and test[=a]ri, to call to witness, execrate--testis, a witness.]

DETHRONE, de-thr[=o]n', v.t. to remove from a throne.--ns. DETHRONE'MENT; DETHRONIS[=A]'TION.

DETONATE, det'o-n[=a]t, v.i. to explode.--v.t. to cause to explode.--ns. DETON[=A]'TION, an explosion with report; DET'ONATOR, a detonating substance: an apparatus for the explosion of a detonating substance, as a percussion-cap.--DETONATING POWDER, powder, such as the fulminates, which explodes easily by impact or heating, and which may be used to cause other substances to explode. [L. deton[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, down, and ton[=a]re, to thunder.]

DETORT, de-tort', v.t. to distort.--ns. DETOR'SION, DETOR'TION. [L. detorqu[=e]re, detortum; de, away, and torquere, twist.]

DETOUR, de-t[=oo]r', n. a winding: a circuitous way. [Fr. dé, for L. dis, asunder, and tour, a turning.]

DETRACT, de-trakt', v.t. to take away, abate: to defame.--v.i. to take away reputation (with from): to reduce in degree: diminish.--ns. DETRACT'ER, -OR:--fem. DETRACT'RESS.--adv. DETRACT'INGLY.--n. DETRAC'TION, depreciation: slander.--adjs. DETRACT'IVE, DETRAC'TIOUS, DETRACT'ORY, tending to detract: derogatory. [L. de, from, and trah[)e]re, to draw.]

DETRAIN, de-tr[=a]n', v.t. to set down out of a railway train, as troops.--v.i. to come out of a train.

DETRIMENT, det'ri-ment, n. diminution: damage: loss.--adj. DETRIMENT'AL. [L. detrimentum--de, off, and ter[)e]re, tritum, to rub.]

DETRITUS, de-tr[=i]'tus, n. a mass of substance gradually rubbed or worn off solid bodies: an aggregate of broken or loosened fragments, esp. of rock.--n. DETRI'TION, a wearing away. [L.,--de, off, and ter[)e]re, tritum, to rub.]

DETRUDE, de-tr[=oo]d', v.t. to thrust down.--n. DETRU'SION. [L. de, down, and trud[)e]re, to thrust]

DETRUNCATE, de-trung'k[=a]t, v.t. to cut off from the trunk: to lop off: to shorten.--n. DETRUNC[=A]'TION. [L. detrunc[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, off, trunc[=a]re, lop.]

DETUMESCENCE, d[=e]-t[=u]-mes'ens, n. diminution of swelling--opp. to Intumescence.

DEUCE, d[=u]s, n. a card or die with two spots: (lawn tennis) a term denoting that each side has gained three points ('forty all').--n. DEUCE'-ACE, a throw of two dice, one of which turns up deuce and the other ace. [Fr. deux, two--L. duos, accus. of duo, two.]

DEUCE, d[=u]s, n. the devil--in exclamatory phrases.--adj. DEUCED (d[=u]'sed, or d[=u]st), devilish: excessive.--adv. confoundedly.

DEUTEROCANONICAL, d[=u]'t[.e]r-o-ka-non'ik-al, adj. pertaining to a second canon of inferior authority--the O. T. Apocrypha and the N. T. Antilegomena. [Gr. deuteros, second, kan[=o]n, rule.]

DEUTEROGAMY, d[=u]-t[.e]r-og'a-mi, n. second marriage, esp. of the clergy, after the death of the first wife.--n. DEUTEROG'AMIST, one who allows such. [Gr. deuteros, second, gamos, marriage.]

DEUTERONOMY, d[=u]-t[.e]r-on'o-mi, or d[=u]'t[.e]r-on-o-mi, n. the fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing a repetition of the decalogue and laws given in Exodus.--adjs. DEUTERONOM'IC, -AL.--ns. DEUTERON'OMIST, DEU'TERO-IS[=A]'IAH, the assumed author of the later prophecies of Isaiah. [Gr. deuteros, second, nomos, law.]

DEUTEROSCOPY, d[=u]-t[.e]r-os'ko-pi, n. second-sight. [Gr. deuteros, second, skopia--skopein, to look.]

DEUTOPLASM, d[=u]'t[=o]-plasm, n. secondary, nutritive plasm, or food-yolk.--adjs. DEUTOPLAS'MIC, DEUTOPLAS'TIC.

DEUTOXIDE, d[=u]t-oks'[=i]d, n. an old name for a compound of two parts of oxygen with one of a base. [Gr. deuteros, second, and oxide.]

DEUTZIA, dewt'si-a, or doit'si-a, n. a genus of saxifragaceous plants with panicles of white flowers, introduced from China and Japan. [Named after Deutz, a Dutch naturalist.]

DEVALL, de-val', v.i. (Scot.) to cease.--n. a stop.

DEVANAGARI, d[=a]-va-nä'ga-ri, n. the character in which Sanskrit is usually written and printed. [Sans. 'town-script of the gods,' a term app. coined by an Indian scholar.]

DEVAPORATION, d[=e]-vap-[=o]-r[=a]'shun, n. the change of vapour into water.

DEVASTATE, dev'as-t[=a]t, v.t. to lay waste: to plunder.--ns. DEVAST[=A]'TION, act of devastating: state of being devastated: havoc; DEVAST[=A]'VIT, a waste of the estate of a deceased person by the executor. [L. devast[=a]re, [=a]tum--de, inten., vast[=a]re, to lay waste.]

DEVELOP, d[=e]-vel'op, v.t. to unroll: to unfold: to lay open by degrees: to promote the growth of: (phot.) to make the latent picture visible by chemical applications.--v.i. to grow into: to open out: to evolve:--pr.p. devel'oping; pa.p. devel'oped.--n. DEVEL'OPMENT, a gradual unfolding: a gradual growth: evolution: (math.) the expression of a function in the form of a series.--adj. DEVELOPMENT'AL, pertaining to development.--adv. DEVELOPMENT'ALLY.--DOCTRINE OF DEVELOPMENT, the theory of the evolution of new species from lower forms. [Fr. développer, opposite of envelopper; both perh. from a Teut. root found in Eng. lap, to wrap.]

DEVEST, de-vest', v.t. (law) to alienate: to deprive of: to strip. [A form of divest.]

DEVIATE, d[=e]'vi-[=a]t, v.i. to go from the way: to turn aside from a certain course: to err.--v.t. to cause to diverge.--ns. DEVI[=A]'TION, a going out of the way: a turning aside; error; D[=E]'VIATOR, one who deviates.--DEVIATION OF THE COMPASS, departure of the mariner's compass from the magnetic needle, due to the ship's magnetism--either from the iron of which it is built or the iron which it carries. [L. devi[=a]re, -[=a]tum--de, from, via, a way.]

DEVICE, de-v[=i]s', n. that which is devised or designed: contrivance: power of devising: genius: (her.) the emblem borne upon a shield: a picture of some kind, with a motto illustrative of a man's life or character, borne by an individual rather than by a family.--adj. DEVICE'FUL (Spens.), full of devices. [O. Fr. devise. See DEVISE.]

DEVIL, dev'l, v.t. (cook.) to season highly and broil.--v.i. to perform another man's drudgery (esp. to devil for a barrister).

DEVIL, dev'l, n. the supreme spirit of evil, Satan: any evil spirit: a false god: a very wicked person: a fellow, as in 'Poor devil:' an expletive, in 'What the devil,' &c.--ns. DEV'ILDOM; DEV'ILESS; DEV'ILET; DEV'IL-FISH, a name for the fishing-frog or angler, for the giant-ray of the United States, and for other large and ugly fishes; DEV'IL-IN-THE-BUSH, a garden flower, also called Love-in-a-mist.--adj. DEV'ILISH, fiendish, malignant.--adv. (coll.) very: exceedingly.--adv. DEV'ILISHLY.--ns. DEV'ILISM; DEV'ILKIN.--adj. DEV'IL-MAY-CARE, reckless, audacious.--ns. DEV'ILMENT; DEV'IL-ON-THE-NECK, an old instrument of torture; DEV'ILRY; DEV'ILSHIP; DEV'ILTRY; DEV'IL-WOR'SHIP, the worship of the devil, or of devils; DEV'IL-WOR'SHIPPER.--DEVIL A BIT, not at all; DEVIL OF A MESS, a very bad mess.--DEVIL'S ADVOCATE, a name given to the Promoter of the Faith, an advocate at the papal court, whose duty it is to propose all reasonable objections against a person's claims to canonisation; DEVIL'S BIT, a popular name for scabious; DEVIL'S BOOKS, playing-cards; DEVIL'S COACH-HORSE, a large dark-coloured beetle; DEVIL'S DOZEN, thirteen (like baker's dozen); DEVIL'S DUNG, a popular name for asafoetida; DEVIL'S DUST, shoddy made by a machine called the devil; DEVIL'S OWN, a name given to the 88th Regiment in the Peninsular war, as also to the Inns of Court volunteers; DEVIL'S SNUFF-BOX, the puff-ball, a kind of fungus; DEVIL'S TATTOO (see TATTOO); DEVIL TO PAY, serious trouble ahead--said to be from the difficulty of paying, or caulking, an awkward and inaccessible seam in a ship.--CARTESIAN DEVIL (see CARTESIAN); PRINTER'S DEVIL, the youngest apprentice in a printing-office: a printer's errand-boy; TASMANIAN DEVIL, the ursine dasyure, a Tasmanian carnivore.--PLAY THE DEVIL WITH, to bring to utter ruin. [A.S. deóful, deófol--L. diabolus--Gr. diabolos, from diaballein, to throw across, to slander, from dia, across, and ballein, to throw; cf. Ger. teufel, Fr. diable, It. diavolo, Sp. diablo.]

DEVIOUS, d[=e]'vi-us, adj. from or out of the way: roundabout: erring.--adv. D[=E]'VIOUSLY.--n. D[=E]'VIOUSNESS. [L. devius. See DEVIATE.]

DEVISE, de-v[=i]z', v.t. to imagine: to scheme: to contrive: to give by will: to bequeath.--v.i. to consider, scheme.--n. act of bequeathing: a will: property bequeathed by will.--adj. DEVIS'ABLE.--ns. DEVIS'AL; DEVIS[=E][E]', one to whom real estate is bequeathed; DEVIS'ER, one who contrives; DEVIS'OR, one who bequeaths. [O. Fr. deviser, devise--Low L. divisa, a division of goods, a mark, a device--L. divid[)e]re, divisum, to divide.]

DEVITALISE, de-v[=i]'ta-l[=i]z, v.t. to deprive of vitality or life-giving qualities.--n. DEVITALIS[=A]'TION.

DEVITRIFY, de-vit'ri-f[=i], v.t. to take away or greatly diminish the vitreous quality of.--n. DEVITRIFIC[=A]'TION, loss or diminution of the vitreous nature.

DEVOCALISE, de-v[=o]'ka-l[=i]z, v.t. to make voiceless: to reduce the vowel element in a sound or syllable.

DEVOID, de-void', adj. destitute: free from. [O. Fr. desvoidier, des--L. dis-, away, voidier--L. vidu[=a]re, viduus, deprived.]

DEVOIR, dev-wawr', n. what is due, duty: service: an act of civility. [Fr.,--L. deb[=e]re, to owe.]

DEVOLUTION, dev-ol-[=u]'shun, n. a passing from one person to another. [See DEVOLVE.]

DEVOLVE, de-volv', v.t. to roll down: to hand down: to deliver over.--v.i. to roll down: to fall or pass over.--n. DEVOLVE'MENT. [L. devolv[)e]re, -vol[=u]tum--de, down, volv[)e]re, -[=u]tum, to roll.]

DEVONIAN, de-v[=o]'ni-an, adj. belonging to Devonshire: belonging to a system of geological strata which abound in Devonshire, closely corresponding to Old Red Sandstone.

DEVONPORT, dev'on-p[=o]rt, n. a small ornamental writing-table, fitted with drawers, &c.

DEVONSHIRE CREAM = CLOTTED CREAM. See CLOT.

DEVOTE, de-v[=o]t', v.t. to vow: to set apart or dedicate by solemn act: to doom: to give up wholly.--adj. DEV[=O]T'ED, given up, as by a vow: doomed: strongly attached: zealous.--adv. DEV[=O]T'EDLY.--ns. DEV[=O]T'EDNESS; DEVOT[=E][=E]', one wholly or superstitiously devoted, esp. to religion: a fanatic; DEV[=O]TE'MENT (Shak.); DEV[=O]'TION, consecration: giving up of the mind to the worship of God: piety: prayer: strong affection or attachment: ardour: (pl.) prayers: (obs.) religious offerings: alms.--adj. DEV[=O]'TIONAL.--ns. DEV[=O]'TIONALIST, DEV[=O]'TIONIST.--adv. DEV[=O]'TIONALLY. [L. devov[=e]re, dev[=o]tum--de, a way, and vov[=e]re, to vow.]

DEVOUR, de-vowr', v.t. to swallow greedily: to eat up: to consume or waste with violence or wantonness: to destroy: to gaze intently on.--n. DEVOUR'ER.--adj. DEVOUR'ING.--adv. DEVOUR'INGLY.--n. DEVOUR'MENT. [O. Fr. devorer--L. devor[=a]re--de, inten., and vor[=a]re, to swallow. See VORACIOUS.]

DEVOUT, de-vowt', adj. given up to religious thoughts and exercises: pious: solemn: earnest.--adv. DEVOUT'LY.--n. DEVOUT'NESS. [O. Fr. devot--L. devotus. See DEVOTE.]

DEW, d[=u], n. moisture deposited from the air on cooling, esp. at night, in minute specks upon the surface of objects: early freshness (esp. in DEW OF HIS YOUTH).--v.t. to wet with dew: to moisten.--ns. DEW'BERR'Y, a kind of bramble or blackberry having a bluish dew-like bloom on the fruit; DEW'-CLAW, a rudimentary inner toe of a dog's hind-foot; DEW'DROP; DEW'FALL, the falling of dew, the time it falls; DEW'POINT, the temperature at which dew begins to form; DEW'-RETT'ING, the process of rotting away the gummy part of hemp or flax by exposure on the grass to dew and rain; DEW'STONE, a Nottinghamshire limestone; DEW'-WORM, the common earthworm.--adj. DEW'Y.--MOUNTAIN DEW (slang), whisky, originally illicitly distilled or smuggled spirits. [A.S. deáw; cf. Ice. dögg, Ger. thau, dew.]

DEW, d[=u], n. an obsolete spelling of due.

DEWAN, d[=e]-wan', n. in India, a financial minister, the native steward of a business-house.--ns. DEWAN'I, DEWAN'NY, the office of dewan. [Hind.]

DEWITT, d[=e]-wit', v.t. to lynch--from the fate of Jan and Cornelius De Witt in Holland in 1672.

DEWLAP, d[=u]'lap, n. the pendulous skin under the throat of oxen, dogs, &c.: the fleshy wattle of the turkey.--adjs. DEW'LAPPED, DEW'LAPT. [Prob. dew and A.S. læppa, a loose hanging piece.]

DEXTER, deks't[.e]r, adj. on the right-hand side: right: (her.) of that side of the shield on the right-hand side of the wearer, to the spectator's left.--n. DEXTER'ITY, right-handedness: cleverness: readiness and skill: adroitness.--adjs. DEX'TEROUS, DEX'TROUS, right-handed: adroit: subtle.--adv. DEX'TEROUSLY.--n. DEX'TEROUSNESS.--adj. DEX'TRAL, right, as opposed to left.--n. DEXTRAL'ITY, right-handedness.--adv. DEX'TRALLY.--adjs. DEX'TRO-G[=Y]'RATE, causing to turn to the right hand; DEX'TRORSE, DEXTROR'SAL, rising from right to left. [L. dexter; Gr. dexios, Sans. dakshina, on the right, on the south.]

DEXTRINE, deks'trin, n. starch altered by the action of acids, diastase, or heat till it loses its gelatinous character, so called because when viewed through polarised light it turns the plane of polarisation to the right.--n. DEX'TROSE, a glucose sugar, found in grapes, &c., and manufactured from starch by means of sulphuric acid. [Fr.,--L. dexter.]

DEY, d[=a], n. a dairy-maid. [See DAIRY.]

DEY, d[=a], n. a name given to the pasha or governor of Algiers before the French conquest. [Turk, dái, orig. a maternal uncle, a familiar title of the chief of the Janizaries.]

DHARMA, där'ma, n. the righteousness that underlies the law: the law. [Sans.]

DHOBIE, d[=o]'bi, n. an Indian washerman. [Hind.]

DHOLE, d[=o]l, n. the Indian wild dog. [Ind. word.]

DHOOLY, d[=oo]'li, n. a covered litter.--Also DOO'LIE. [Hind. doli.]

DHOW, dow, n. a native vessel on the eastern African and western Indian coasts, with lateen sails: an Arab slaver.

DHURRA. Same as DURRA.

DIABASE, d[=i]'a-b[=a]s, n. a compact igneous rock, an altered form of basalt--included under the popular names greenstone and trap.--adj. DIAB[=A]'SIC.

DIABATERIAL, d[=i]-a-ba-t[=e]'ri-al, adj. crossing the boundaries. [Gr. diabatos--dia, across, bainein, to go.]

DIABETES, d[=i]-a-b[=e]'t[=e]z, n. a disease marked by a morbid and excessive discharge of urine.--adjs. DIABET'IC, -AL. [Gr., from diabainein, dia, through, and bainein, to go.]

DIABLERIE, DIABLERY, di-ab-le-r[=e]', n. magic: the black art: sorcery. [Fr.,--diable. See DEVIL.]

DIABOLIC, -AL, d[=i]-a-bol'ik, -al, adj. devilish.--adv. DIABOL'ICALLY.--v.t. DIAB'OLISE, to render devilish.--ns. DIAB'OLISM, devilish conduct: sorcery or black magic; DIABOL'OGY, the doctrine of devils. [L.,--Gr. diabolikos, diabolos, the devil. See DEVIL.]

DIACATHOLICON, d[=i]-a-ka-thol'i-kon, n. a purgative electuary.

DIACAUSTIC, d[=i]-a-kaws'tik, adj. pertaining to curves formed by the intersections of rays of refracted light.--n. a curve so formed. [Formed from Gr. dia, through, and caustic.]

DIACHASTIC, d[=i]-a-kas'tik, adj. cleaving apart. [Gr.]

DIACHYLON, d[=i]-ak'i-lon, DIACHYLUM, d[=i]-ak'i-lum, n. common sticking-plaster. [Gr. diachylos--dia, and chylos, juice.]

DIACHYMA, d[=i]-ak'i-ma, n. the parenchyma of leaves. [Gr. dia, through, chyma, juice.]

DIACODIUM, d[=i]-a-k[=o]'di-um, n. a syrup of poppies. [L.,--Gr. dia, through, k[=o]deia, a poppy-head.]

DIACONATE, d[=i]-ak'o-n[=a]t, n. the office of a deacon.--adj. DIAC'ONAL, pertaining to a deacon.

DIACONICON, d[=i]-a-kon'i-kon, n. a sacristy for sacred vessels, in a Greek church, on the south side of the bema or sanctuary.

DIACOUSTIC, d[=i]-a-kows'tik, adj. pertaining to the refraction of sound through various mediums.--n. DIACOUS'TICS, the branch of physics which deals with refracted sounds. [Formed from Gr. dia, through, and acoustics.]

DIACRITIC, -AL, d[=i]-a-krit'ik, -al, adj. distinguishing between--used of marks or points attached to the letters of various languages. [Gr. diakritikos, diakrinein--dia, between, and krinein, to distinguish. See CRITIC.]

DIACTINE, d[=i]-ak'tin, adj. having two rays.--Also DIAC'TINAL.

DIACTINIC, d[=i]-ak-tin'ik, adj. capable of transmitting the actinic rays of the sun.

DIADELPHOUS, d[=i]-a-del'fus, adj. grouped together in two sets--of the stamens of plants.--n. D[=I]'ADELPH. [Formed from Gr. di-, double, and adelphos, brother.]

DIADEM, d[=i]'a-dem, n. a band or fillet worn round the head as a badge of royalty: a crown: royalty.--adj. D[=I]'ADEMED, wearing a diadem.--DIADEM SPIDER, the common garden spider--from its markings. [O. Fr. diademe--L. diadema--Gr. diad[=e]ma--dia, round, and deein, to bind.]

DIADEXIS, d[=i]-a-dek'sis, n. (path.) the transformation of one disease into another, differing both in location and character. [Gr.]

DIADOCHI, d[=i]-ad'o-k[=i], n. the generals who became monarchs of the various kingdoms (Syria, Egypt, &c.) into which the empire of Alexander the Great split after his death (323 B.C.). [Gr. diadochos, succeeding, a successor; diadechesthai, to succeed.]

DIADROM, d[=i]'a-drom, n. a course or passing: a vibration. [Gr.]

DIÆRESIS, DIERESIS, d[=i]-[=e]r'e-sis, n. a mark (¨) placed over one of two vowels to show that each is to be pronounced separately, as aërial:--pl. DIÆR'ESES, DIER'ESES. [Gr.,--dia, apart, hairein, to take.]

DIAGLYPH, d[=i]'a-glif, n. an intaglio. [Gr.]

DIAGNOSIS, d[=i]-ag-n[=o]'sis, n. the distinguishing a disease by means of its symptoms: a brief description:--pl. DIAGN[=O]'SES.--v.t. D[=I]'AGNOSE, to ascertain from symptoms, as a disease.--adj. D[=I]AGNOS'TIC, distinguishing: characteristic.--n. that by which anything is known: a symptom.--n.pl. DIAGNOS'TICS, the branch of medicine to which the skill in noting and interpreting symptoms belongs. [Gr., dia, between, gn[=o]sis--gn[=o]nai, to know.]

DIAGOMETER, d[=i]-a-gom'e-t[.e]r, n. a form of electroscope for ascertaining conducting power. [Gr. diagein, to conduct, metron, a measure.]

DIAGONAL, d[=i]-ag'o-nal, adj. through the corners, or from an angle to an opposite angle of a four or many sided figure.--n. a straight line so drawn.--adv. DIAG'ONALLY.--DIAGONAL SCALE, a scale for laying down small fractions of the unit of measurement, the parallel lines drawn lengthwise on its surface being divided into sections by lines drawn crosswise, and in one end section being intersected by a series of other parallel lines drawn obliquely at equal distances across them. [Fr.,--L. diagonalis, from Gr. diag[=o]nios--dia, through, and g[=o]nia, a corner.]

DIAGRAM, d[=i]'a-gram, n. a figure or plan drawn in outline to illustrate any statement: a record traced by an automatic indicator.--adj. DIAGRAMMAT'IC.--adv. DIAGRAMMAT'ICALLY.--n. D[=I]'AGRAPH, an instrument for enabling unskilled persons to draw objects in outline.--adj. DIAGRAPH'IC. [L.,--Gr. diagramma--dia, round, graphein, to write.]

DIAHELIOTROPIC, d[=i]-a-h[=e]-li-[=o]-trop'ik, adj. (bot.) turning transversely to the light.--n. DIAHELIOT'ROPISM. [Gr. dia, across, and heliotropic.]

DIAL, d[=i]'al, n. an instrument for showing the time of day by the sun's shadow: a timepiece: the face of a watch or clock: a circular plate on which a movable index shows the degree of pressure, &c.--v.t. to measure, as with a dial.--ns. D[=I]'ALIST, a maker of dials: one skilled in dialling; D[=I]'ALLING, the art of constructing dials: the science which explains the measuring of time by the sun-dial: surveying by help of a compass with sights, such as is called a 'miner's dial;' D[=I]AL-PLATE. [M. E. dial--Low L. dialis, daily--L. dies, a day.]

DIALECT, d[=i]'a-lekt, n. a variety or form of a language peculiar to a district: a non-literary vernacular: a peculiar manner of speaking.--adj. DIALECT'AL.--adv. DIALECT'ALLY.--ns. DIALECT'ICISM; DIALECTOL'OGIST; DIALECTOL'OGY. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. dialektos, speech, manner of speech, peculiarity of speech--dia, between, legein, to speak.]

DIALECTIC, -AL, d[=i]-a-lek'tik, -al, adj. pertaining to dialect or to discourse: pertaining to dialectics: logical.--ns. DIALEC'TIC, DIALECT'ICS, art of discussing: that branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning.--adv. DIALEC'TICALLY.--n. DIALECTI'CIAN, one skilled in dialectics, a logician. [Gr. dialektikos.]

DIALLAGE, d[=i]-al'a-j[=e], n. (rhet.) a figure of speech by which arguments, after having been considered from various points of view, are all brought to bear upon one point. [Gr.]

DIALLAGE, d[=i]'al-[=a]j, n. a mineral nearly allied to augite, brown, gray, or green in colour, laminated in structure, with a metallic lustre when broken across.--adjs. DIALLAG'IC, DIAL'LAGOID. [Gr. diallag[=e], change--dia, between, allassein, to change--allos, other.]

DIALOGITE, d[=i]-al'[=o]-j[=i]t, n. a rose-red carbonate of manganese--also Rhodochrosite.

DIALOGUE, d[=i]'a-log, n. conversation between two or more persons, esp. of a formal or imaginary nature.--v.i. and v.t. (Shak.) to put into dialogue form.--adjs. DIALOG'IC, DIALOGIST'IC, -AL (-loj-), in the form of a dialogue.--v.i. DIAL'OGISE ('oj-), to discourse in dialogue.--n. DIAL'OGIST ('oj-), a speaker in, or writer of, a dialogue. [Fr.,--L. dialogus--Gr. dialogos, a conversation--dialegesthai, to discourse.]

DIALURIC, d[=i]-a-l[=u]'rik, adj. pertaining to alloxan and uric acid.--n. DIAL[=U]'RATE, a salt of dialuric acid.

DIALYSIS, d[=i]-al'i-sis, n. (chem.) the separation of substances by diffusion through a membranous septum or partition: diæresis: dissolution:--pl. DIAL'YSES.--adj. DIALYS'ABLE.--v.t. D[=I]'ALYSE, to separate by dialysis.--n. D[=I]'ALYSER.--adj. DIALYT'IC. [Gr. dialysis--dia, asunder, lyein, to loose.]

DIAMAGNETIC, d[=i]-a-mag-net'ik, adj. cross-magnetic--applied to any substance, such as a rod of bismuth or glass, which, when suspended between the poles of a magnet, arranges itself across the line joining the poles (a rod of iron or of sealing-wax so held arranges itself parallel to the line joining the poles, and is said to be Paramagnetic).--adv. DIAMAGNET'ICALLY.--n. DIAMAG'NETISM, the form of magnetic action possessed by diamagnetic bodies: the branch of magnetism which deals with diamagnetic phenomena. [Gr. dia, through, magn[=e]t[=e]s, magn[=e]s, a magnet.]

DIAMANTIFEROUS, d[=i]-a-man-tif'er-us, adj. yielding diamonds. [Fr. diamantifère.]

DIAMESOGAMOUS, d[=i]-a-me-sog'a-mus, adj. (bot.) fertilised by intermediary means.

DIAMETER, d[=i]-am'e-t[.e]r, n. the measure through or across: a straight line passing through the centre of a circle or other figure, terminated at both ends by the circumference.--adjs. DIAM'ETRAL, DIAMET'RIC, -AL, in the direction of a diameter: pertaining to the diameter: like the opposite ends of the diameter (as in diametrical opposition).--advs. DIAM'ETRALLY, in a diametral manner; DIAMET'RICALLY, exactly.--TACTICAL DIAMETER, the space covered by a steamer in turning 180° out of her original course. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. diametros--dia, through, metrein, to measure.]

DIAMOND, d[=i]'a-mond, n. the most valuable of all gems, and the hardest of all substances: a four-sided figure with two obtuse and two acute angles: one of the four suits of cards: one of the smallest kinds of English printing type.--adj. resembling diamonds: made of diamonds: marked with diamonds: lozenge-shaped, rhombic.--ns. D[=I]'AMOND-BEE'TLE, a beautiful sparkling South American weevil; D[=I]'AMOND-CUT'TING, diamond-setting; D[=I]'AMOND-DRILL, an annular borer whose bit is set with borts; D[=I]'AMOND-DUST, D[=I]'AMOND-POW'DER, the powder made by the friction of diamonds on one another in the course of polishing.--adjs. D[=I]'AMONDED, furnished with diamonds; DIAMONDIF'EROUS, yielding diamonds.--n. D[=I]'AMOND-WHEEL, a wheel covered with diamond-dust and oil for polishing diamonds and other precious stones.--DIAMOND CUT DIAMOND, the case of an encounter between two very sharp persons.--ROUGH DIAMOND, an uncut diamond: a person of great worth, though of rude exterior and unpolished manners. [M. E. adamaunt--O. Fr. adamant--L. adamanta, accus. of adamas--Gr. adamas, adamantos, adamant--a, not, damaein, to tame.]

DIANA, di-[=a]'na, or d[=i]-an'a, n. an ancient Italian goddess of light, the moon-goddess, representative of chastity and hunting, afterwards identified with the Greek Artemis.--DIANA OF THE EPHESIANS, a goddess of fertility worshipped at Ephesus.

DIANDRIA, d[=i]-an'dri-a, n. a class of plants in the Linnæan system having two stamens.--n. DIAN'DER, a plant with two stamens.--adjs. DIAN'DRIAN, DIAN'DROUS. [Gr. dis, twice, double, an[=e]r, andros, a man.]

DIANODAL, d[=i]-a-n[=o]'dal, adj. (math.) passing through a node.

DIANOETIC, d[=i]-a-n[=o]-et'ik, adj. capable of thought, thinking: belonging to the ratiocinative faculties of the mind. [Gr. diano[=e]tikos--dia, through, noein, to think.]

DIANTHUS, d[=i]-an'thus, n. the genus of herbaceous flowers to which carnations and pinks belong. [Gr. dianth[=e]s--dis, di-, two, anthos, a flower.]

DIAPASON, d[=i]-a-p[=a]'zon, n. a whole octave: a harmony: a full volume of various sounds in concord: correct pitch: the two foundation-stops of an organ (open and stopped diapason)--(Spens.) D[=I]'APASE. [Gr. dia, through, and pas[=o]n, gen. pl. of pas, all--part of the Gr. phrase, dia pas[=o]n chord[=o]n symph[=o]nia, concord through all the notes.]

DIAPEDESIS, d[=i]-a-pe-d[=e]'sis, n. (physiol.) the migration of white blood-corpuscles through the walls of the blood-vessels without apparent rupture.--adj. DIAPEDET'IC. [Gr., dia, through, p[=e]dan, to leap.]

DIAPENTE, d[=i]-a-pen't[=e], n. (mus.) the interval of a fifth: a composition in pharmacy of five ingredients. [Gr.]

DIAPER, d[=i]'a-p[.e]r, n. unbleached linen cloth woven in slightly defined figures, used for towels, &c.: a pattern for ornamentation, woven, not coloured, in textiles: a floral or geometric pattern in low relief in architecture, often repeated over a considerable surface.--v.t. to variegate with figures, as diaper.--n. D[=I]'APERING. [O. Fr. diaspre, diapre--Low L. diasprus--Byzantine Gr. diaspros, dia, through, aspros, white.]

DIAPHANOUS, d[=i]-af'a-nus, adj. shining or appearing through, transparent, clear--also DIAPHAN'IC.--ns. D[=I]'APHANE, a diaphanous figured silk fabric; DIAPHANOM'ETER, an instrument for testing the transparency of the air; DIAPHAN'OSCOPE, a darkened box for viewing transparent positive photographs; DIAPHAN'OTYPE, a picture produced by colouring on the back a positive lightly printed on translucent paper, and placing this exactly over a strong duplicate print.--adv. DIAPH'ANOUSLY.--ns. DIAPH'ANOUSNESS, DIAPHAN[=E]'ITY. [Gr. diaphanes--dia, through, and phainein, to show, shine.]

DIAPHONICS, d[=i]-a-fon'iks, n. Same as DIACOUSTICS. [Gr. dia, through, phon[=e], sound.]

DIAPHORETIC, d[=i]-a-fo-ret'ik, adj. promoting perspiration.--n. a sudorific or medicine that increases perspiration.--n. DIAPHOR[=E]'SIS, perspiration artificially induced. [Gr.,--diaphorein, to carry off--dia, through, pherein, to bear.]

DIAPHRAGM, d[=i]'a-fram, n. a thin partition or dividing membrane: the midriff, a structure separating the chest from the abdomen: a metal plate with a central hole, for cutting off side-rays in a camera, &c.--adjs. DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, DIAPHRAG'MAL.--n. DIAPHRAGMAT[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the diaphragm. [Gr. diaphragma--dia, across, phragnynai, to fence.]

DIAPHYSIS, d[=i]-af'i-sis, n. (bot.) an abnormal elongation of the axis of a flower or of an inflorescence: (anat.) the continuity of a bone between its two ends. [Gr. dia, through, phyesthai, to grow.]

DIAPLASIS, d[=i]-ap'la-sis, n. (surg.) reduction, of a dislocation, &c.--adj. DIAPLAS'TIC. [Gr.]

DIAPNOIC, d[=i]-ap-n[=o]'ik, adj. producing slight perspiration--also DIAPNOT'IC--n. a mild diaphoretic.

DIAPOSITIVE, d[=i]-a-poz'i-tiv, n. a transparent photographic positive, such as a lantern slide.

DIAPYETIC, d[=i]-a-p[=i]-et'ik, adj. producing suppuration.--n. a medicine with this property.--n. DIAPY[=E]'SIS, suppuration. [Gr.]

DIARCHY, d[=i]'ar-ki, n. a form of government in which two persons are jointly vested with supreme power--less correctly D[=I]'NARCHY. [Formed from Gr. di-, two, archein, to rule.]

DIARRHOEA, DIARRHEA, d[=i]-a-r[=e]'a, n. a persistent purging or looseness of the bowels.--adjs. DIARRHOE'AL, DIARRHOE'IC, DIARRHOET'IC (also -RH[=E]'AL, -RH[=E]'IC, -RHET'IC). [Gr. diarroia--dia, through, and rhein, to flow.]

DIARTHROSIS, d[=i]-ar-thr[=o]'sis, n. the general name for all forms of articulation which admit of the motion of one bone upon another, free arthrosis--including Enarthrosis, Ginglymus, and Cyclarthrosis. [Gr.]

DIARY, d[=i]'a-ri, n. a daily record: a journal.--adjs. DI[=A]'RIAL, DI[=A]'RIAN.--v.t. or v.i. D[=I]'ARISE.--n. D[=I]'ARIST, one who keeps a diary. [L. diarium.]

DIASCORDIUM, d[=i]-a-skor'di-um, n. an electuary prepared with scordium or water-germander. [Gr. dia, through, and skordion.]

DIASKEUAST, d[=i]-as-kew'ast, n. a reviser: an interpolator.--n. DIASKEU'ASIS, reviewing. [Gr. diaskeuazein, to make ready--dia, through, skeuos, a tool.]

DIASPORA, d[=i]-as'por-a, n. dispersion, used collectively for the dispersed Jews after the Babylonian captivity, and also in the apostolic age for the Jews living outside of Palestine. [Gr. dia, through, speirein, to scatter.]

DIASPORE, d[=i]'a-sp[=o]r, n. a grayish, infusible hydrate of aluminium.

DIASTALTIC, d[=i]-a-stal'tik, adj. (Greek mus.) dilated, extended: bold. [Gr., diastellein, to expand.]

DIASTASE, d[=i]'as-t[=a]s, n. a peculiar ferment developed during the germination of all seeds, which has the power of converting starch into dextrine and then into sugar.--adj. DIASTAT'IC--adv. DIASTAT'ICALLY. [Gr. diastasis, division--dia, through, histanai, st[=e]nai, to stand.]

DIASTASIS, d[=i]-as'ta-sis, n. (surg.) separation of bones without fracture. [Gr.]

DIASTEMA, d[=i]-a-st[=e]'ma, n. a natural space between two consecutive teeth, or series of teeth.--adj. DIASTEMAT'IC. [Gr.]

DIASTOLE, d[=i]-as'to-l[=e], n. dilation of the heart, auricles, and arteries--opp. to Systole, or contraction of the same: the protracting of a short syllable, as before a pause.--adj. DIASTOL'IC. [Gr. diastol[=e]--dia, asunder, and stellein, to place.]

DIASTYLE, d[=i]'a-st[=i]l, adj. (archit.) marked by wide intercolumniation. [Gr.]

DIATESSARON, d[=i]-a-tes'a-r[=o]n, n. a harmony of the four gospels, esp. the earliest, that of Tatian (prob. 110-180 A.D.): (mus.) the interval of a fourth: an electuary of four ingredients. [Gr., for dia tessar[=o]n, through, or composed of four.]

DIATHERMAL, d[=i]-a-th[.e]r'mal, adj. letting heat through, permeable by radiating heat--also DIATHER'MANOUS, DIATHER'MOUS, DIATHER'MIC.--ns. DIATHER'MANCE, -CY. [Gr. dia, through, thermos, heat.]

DIATHESIS, d[=i]-ath'e-sis, n. a particular condition or habit of body, esp. one predisposing to certain diseases: a habit of mind.--adj. DIATHET'IC. [Gr.,--dia, asunder, tithenai, to place.]

DIATOM, d[=i]'a-tom, n. one of an order of microscopic unicellular algæ, of the Diatomaceæ.--adj. DIATOM[=A]'CEOUS.--n. DIAT'OMITE, diatomaceous earth. [Gr. diatomos--dia, through, temnein, to cut.]

DIATOMIC, d[=i]-a-tom'ik, adj. consisting of two atoms. [Gr. di-, dis, two, and atom.]

DIATOMOUS, d[=i]-at'[=o]-mus, adj. having crystals with one distinct diagonal cleavage.

DIATONIC, d[=i]-a-ton'ik, adj. proceeding by the tones and intervals of the natural scale in music.--adv. DIATON'ICALLY. [Gr.,--dia, through, tonos, tone.]

DIATRIBE, d[=i]'a-tr[=i]b, n. a continued discourse or disputation: an invective harangue.--n. D[=I]'ATR[=I]BIST, a writer or utterer of such. [Gr. diatrib[=e]--dia, through, tribein, to rub, wear away.]

DIB, dib, v.i. to dip, as in angling:--pr.p. dib'bing; pa.p. dibbed. [A form of dab.]

DIB, dib, n. one of the small bones of a sheep's leg: (pl.) a children's game, played by throwing up such small bones or stones (DIB'-STONES) from the palm and catching them on the back of the hand--(Scot.) Chuckie-stanes, or Chucks: (slang) money.

DIBASIC, d[=i]-b[=a]'sik, adj. having two bases: of acids, with two atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base or bases. [Gr. di-, two, and basic.]

DIBBLE, dib'l, n. a pointed tool used for making holes to put seed or plants in--also DIBB'ER.--v.t. DIBB'LE, to plant with a dibble.--v.i. to make holes: to dip, as in angling.--n. DIBB'LER. [Freq. of dib, a form of dab.]

DIBRANCHIATA, d[=i]-brang-ki-[=a]'ta, n. one of the two orders of cephalopoda, having two gills.--adj. DIBRAN'CHIATE. [Gr. di-, two, branchia, gills.]

DICACITY, dik-as'i-ti, n. raillery, pert speech.--adj. DIC[=A]'CIOUS. [L. dicax, sarcastic.]

DICAST, DIKAST, d[=i]'kast, n. one of the 6000 Athenians annually chosen to act as judges.--n. DICAS'TERY, their court. [Gr. dikast[=e]s, dik[=e], justice.]

DICATALECTIC, d[=i]-kat-a-lek'tik, adj. doubly catalectic, both at the middle and end of the verse. [Gr. di-, double. See CATALECTIC.]

DICE, pl. of DIE, 2 (q.v.).--v.i. to play with dice.

DICE-COAL, d[=i]s'-k[=o]l, n. a kind of coal which readily splits into cubical pieces.

DICENTRA, d[=i]-sen'tra, n. a genus of plants including the flower Bleeding-heart (D. spectabilis).--Also DIEL'YTRA. [Gr. di-, double, kentron, a point.]

DICEPHALOUS, d[=i]-sef'a-lus, adj. two-headed. [Gr. dikephalos--di-, double, kephal[=e], a head.]

DICHASTASIS, d[=i]-kas'ta-sis, n. spontaneous subdivision.--adj. DICHAS'TIC. [Gr.]

DICHLAMYDEOUS, d[=i]-kla-mid'[=e]-us, adj. having both a calyx and a corolla.

DICHOGAMY, d[=i]-kog'a-mi, n. an arrangement for preventing the self-fertilisation of hermaphrodite flowers, the stamens and stigmas ripening at different times.--adj. DICHOG'AMOUS. [Gr. dicha, in two, gamos, marriage.]

DICHORD, d[=i]'kord, n. an ancient two-stringed lute.

DICHOTOMY, d[=i]-kot'o-mi, n. a division into two parts.--v.t. and v.i. DICHOT'OMISE.--adj. DICHOT'OMOUS.--adv. DICHOT'OMOUSLY. [Gr., from dicha, in two, and temnein, to cut.]

DICHROISM, d[=i]'kr[=o]-izm, n. the property of showing different colours when viewed in different directions exhibited by doubly refracting crystals.--adjs. DICHR[=O]'IC, DICHROIS'TIC.--n. D[=I]'CHROSCOPE, an instrument for testing the dichroism of crystals.--adj. DICHROSCOP'IC.

DICHROMATISM, d[=i]-kr[=o]'ma-tizm, n. (zool.) the quality of presenting, in different individuals, two different colours or systems of colouration.--adj. DICHROMAT'IC.

DICHROMISM, d[=i]-kr[=o]'mizm, n. an inability to distinguish more than two of the primary colours.--adj. DICHR[=O]'MIC.

DICHT, diht, v.t. (Scot.) to wipe.

DICK, dik, n. (slang) fine words, for Dictionary: for Declaration, as 'to take one's dick,' and prob. 'up to dick' = excellent, also properly.

DICKENS, dik'enz, n. the deuce, the devil, as in 'What the dickens.'--PLAY THE DICKENS WITH, to play the deuce with. [For devil, confused with Dickon = Richard.]

DICKER, dik'[.e]r, n. (Amer.) petty trade by barter, &c.--v.i. to haggle. [Prob. the obs. dicker, the number ten, esp. of hides or skins.]

DICKEY, DICKY, dik'i, n. a leathern apron for a gig, &c.: the driver's seat in a carriage: a seat for servants at the back of a carriage: a false shirt-front. [Perh. from dick, a prov. Eng. word for a leathern apron; Prob. Dut. dek, a cover.]

DICKY, DICKEY, dik'i, n. (East Anglian) an ass.--n. DICK'Y-BIRD, a small bird. [From Dick, familiar of Richard--like Jack, in jackass.]

DICLINIC, d[=i]-klin'ik, adj. (crystal.) having two of the intersections of the axes oblique.--Also D[=I]'CLINATE, D[=I]'CLINOUS.

DICLINOUS, d[=i]'kli-nus, adj. having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers.--n. D[=I]'CLINISM. [Gr. di-, asunder, and klin[=e], a bed.]

DICOCCOUS, d[=i]-kok'us, adj. (bot.) formed of two cocci.

DICOELOUS, d[=i]-s[=e]'lus, adj. cupped or hollowed at both ends.

DICOTYLEDON, d[=i]-kot-i-l[=e]'don, n. a plant having two seed-lobes.--adj. DICOTYL[=E]'DONOUS. [Gr. di-, two, and cotyledon.]

DICROTIC, d[=i]-krot'ik, adj. double-beating--also D[=I]'CROTOUS.--n. D[=I]'CROTISM. [Gr., di-, two, krotos, beat.]

DICTATE, dik't[=a]t, v.t. to tell another what to say or write: to communicate with authority: to point out: to command--(arch. DICT).--n. an order, rule, or direction: impulse.--ns. DICT[=A]'TION, act, art, or practice of dictating: overbearing command; DICT[=A]'TOR, one invested for a time with absolute authority--originally an extraordinary Roman magistrate:--fem. DICT[=A]'TRESS, DICT[=A]TRIX.--adj. DICTAT[=O]'RIAL, like a dictator: absolute: authoritative.--adv. DICTAT[=O]'RIALLY.--ns. DICT[=A]'TORSHIP, DIC'TATURE.--adj. DIC'TATORY. [L. dict[=a]re, -[=a]tum--dic[)e]re, to say.]

DICTION, dik'shun, n. a saying or speaking: manner of speaking or expressing: choice of words: style. [L., from dic[)e]re, dictum, to say.]

DICTIONARY, dik'shun-a-ri, n. a book containing the words of a language alphabetically arranged, with their meanings, etymology, &c.: a lexicon: a work containing information on any department of knowledge, alphabetically arranged. [Low L. dictionarium. See DICTION.]

DICTUM, dik'tum, n. something said: a saying: an authoritative saying:--pl. DIC'TA. [L.]

DICTYOGEN, dik'ti-o-jen, n. a plant with net-veined leaves. [Gr. diktyon, a net; -gen[=e]s, producing.]

DICYNODONT, di-sin'o-dont, n. an extinct reptile, allied to tortoises on one hand and mammals on the other. [Formed from Gr. di-, two, cy[=o]n, dog, and odous, odontos, tooth.]

DID, did, DIDST, didst, pa.t. of DO.

DIDACHE, did'a-k[=e], n. the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (see under APOSTLE). [Gr., 'teaching.']

DIDACTIC, -AL, di-dak'tik, -al, adj. fitted or intended to teach: instructive: perceptive.--adv. DIDAC'TICALLY.--n. DIDAC'TICISM.--n.pl. DIDACTICS, the art or science of teaching. [Gr. didaktikos--didaskein, to teach; akin to L. doc-[=e]re, disc-[)e]re.]

DIDACTYL, d[=i]-dak'til, adj. having only two digits--also DIDAC'TYLOUS.--n. DIDAC'TYL, an animal with two toes only on each foot.

DIDAPPER, did'ap-[.e]r, n. a water-bird that is constantly dipping or diving under water--also called the Dabchick. [A compound of dive and dapper (which is a variant of dipper). See DIP and DIVE.]

DIDASCALIC, did-as-kal'ik, adj. didactic.

DIDDER, did'[.e]r, v.i. (prov.) to shake.

DIDDLE, did'l, v.t. to cajole, swindle.--n. DIDD'LER.

DIDECAHEDRAL, d[=i]-dek-a-h[=e]'dral, adj. (crystal.), having five planes on each extremity.

DIDELPHIA, d[=i]-del'fi-a, n.pl. the marsupialia, or marsupial implacental mammals, one of the three sub-classes of Mammalia.--adjs. DIDEL'PHIAN, DIDEL'PHIC. [Gr. di-, double, delphys, womb.]

DIDO, d[=i]'d[=o], n. (slang) an antic caper.--CUT UP DIDOES, to behave in an extravagant way.

DIDODECAHEDRAL, d[=i]-do-dek-a-h[=e]'dral, adj. of a six-sided-prism, truncated on the lateral edges, and acuminated on the extremities with six planes.

DIDRACHMA, d[=i]-drak'ma, n. a double drachma.

DIDUCTION, d[=i]-duk'shun, n. separation by withdrawing one part from the other.

DIDUNCULUS, di-dung'k[=u]-lus, n. a remarkable genus of pigeons--the tooth-billed pigeon of Samoa.

DIDYMIUM, d[=i]-dim'i-um, n. a supposed element discovered in 1841, so named from being, as it were, twin brother of lanthamum.

DIDYMOUS, did'i-mus, adj. twin.

DIDYNAMIA, did-i-n[=a]'mi-a, n. a class of plants in the Linnæan system having in the flower four stamens in pairs of unequal length.--adjs. DIDYN[=A]'MIAN, DIDYN'AMOUS. [Gr. di-, double, dynamis, strength.]

DIE, d[=i], v.i. to lose life: to perish: to wither: to languish: to become insensible:--pr.p. dy'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. died (d[=i]d).--adj. DIE'-AWAY', languishing.--DIE AWAY, to disappear by degrees, become gradually inaudible; DIE GAME, to keep up one's spirit to the last; DIE HARD, to struggle hard against death, to be long in dying; DIE OFF, to die quickly or in large numbers; DIE OUT, to become extinct, to disappear. [From a Scand. root seen in Ice. deyja, Dan. d[ö]e, Scot. dee; akin to Mid. High Ger. touwen, whence Ger. tod, todt. The A.S. word is steorfan, whence our starve.]

DIE, d[=i], n. a small cube used in gaming by being thrown from a box: any small cubical body: hazard:--pl. DICE (d[=i]s).--n. DICE'-BOX.--adj. DICED, ornamented with square or diamond-shaped figures.--ns. DICE'-PLAY; DICE'-PLAY'ER, D[=I]'CER; D[=I]'CING-HOUSE.--THE DIE IS CAST, the question is decided. [O. Fr. det, pl. dez (Prov. dat, It. dado), from Low L. dadus--L. d[=a]tus, given or cast (talus, a piece of bone used in play, being understood). Doublets, dado, date.]

DIE, d[=i], n. a stamp for impressing coin, &c.: the cubical part of a pedestal:--pl. DIES (d[=i]z).--ns. DIE'-SINK'ER; DIE'-SINK'ING, the engraving of dies; DIE'-STOCK, a contrivance for holding the dies used in screw-cutting; DIE'-WORK, ornamentation of a metal surface by impressions with a die. [See above.]

DIEB, d[=e]b, n. a jackal of northern Africa.

DIEGESIS, d[=i]-e-j[=e]'sis, n. (rhet.) in an oration, the narration of the facts. [Gr.]

DIELECTRIC, d[=i]-e-lek'trik, adj. non-conducting: transmitting electric effects without conducting.--n. a substance through which electric force acts. [Gr. dia, through, and electric.]

DIELYTRA, d[=i]-el'i-tra, n. an erroneous name for dicentra.

DIESIS, d[=i]'e-sis, n. (mus.) the difference in tone between a major and a minor semitone: (print.) the double dagger (++).

DIES IRÆ, d[=i]'[=e]z [=i]'r[=e], n. the name given (from the opening words) to a famous hymn on the last judgment (c. 1250 A.D.). [L., 'day of wrath.']

DIES NON, d[=i]'[=e]z non, a day on which law courts may not be held. [From L. dies non juridicus, same as dies nefastus, an unlawful day.]

DIET, d[=i]'et, n. mode of living, with especial reference to food: food prescribed by a physician: allowance of provisions.--v.t. to furnish with food.--v.i. to eat: to take food according to rule.--n. DIET[=A]'RIAN, one who observes prescribed rules for diet.--adj. D[=I]'ETARY, pertaining to diet or the rules of diet.--n. course of diet: allowance of food, esp. in large institutions.--ns. D[=I]'ET-DRINK, medicated liquor; D[=I]'ETER (Shak.), one who diets or prepares food by rule.--adjs. DIETET'IC, -AL, pertaining to diet.--adv. DIETET'ICALLY.--ns. DIETET'ICS, rules for regulating diet; DIETET'IST, one who lays stress on diet; D[=I]'ETIST, an authority on diet. [Fr. diète--Low L. diæta--Gr. diaita, mode of living, diet.]