I. HISTORY OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Abolition of Indian factory system, 25
Abolition Party, rise and progress of, 53
Act to elect President and Vice-President by a direct vote of the people, 27
Act to prohibit African slave trade, 17
Act to provide for collection, disbursement and safe-keeping of public money, 37
Acquisition of Florida, 25
Adams, John, inaugurated, 10
Adams, John Quincy, elected, 26
Adams, John Quincy, policy, 27
Admission of Florida and Iowa, 47
Admission of Mississippi and Illinois, 23
Admission of Missouri, to the Union, with an attempt to restrict slavery in its limit, 24
Alabama claims, 197
Alien law and (sedition), 11
Amendment to Constitution (Sept. 25th, 1804), 12
Amendment of Morton, 222
Amendment 13th, passed, 167
Amendment 14th, votes on, 147
Amendment, 15th, to enforce same, 197
American party, 57
American ritual, 57
American Convention, 87
American nomination of 1856, 69
American system for protection of home industry, 25
American system lost, 32
Amnesty, 199
Anti-Federal Party, 6
Annexation of Texas, 46
Approval of act declaring war, June 18, 1812, 19
Apportionment bill, first, 8
Arkansas admitted, 170
Arthur, 261
Arms, transferred South, 1859, ’60, 109
Armed neutrality, first, 10
Attempt to amend bill for admission of California by extension of Missouri Compromise to the Pacific, 52
Attempt to pass Tenure of Office bill, 28
Bank of the United States, expiration of charter, 30
Bank and State, separation of, 37
Belknap, impeachment of, 223
Benton’s speech, 34
Bill for appropriating one year’s Salary to the widow of Gen. Harrison, 39
Bill to distribute public land money among the States, 35
Bill for distribution of public land revenue, 39
Bill for establishment of system of bankruptcy, 39
Bill for equalizing value of gold and silver, 34
Bill of Rights, 8
Border States, appeal of President to, 137
“Boss Rule”, 261
Broad Constructionists, 7
Buchanan’s nomination, 69
Buchanan’s views, 99
Calhoun on causes of difference between himself and the President, 32
Calhoun, death of, 52
Calhoun, extends constitution to the territories, 50
Campaign of 1880, 242
Caucus, 256
Charleston Convention, 81
Chesapeake, search of the, 17
Chinese question, 281
Chinese question—Senator Miller’s speech, 281
Chinese question—Senator Hoar’s reply, 285
Circuit Courts, law for establishment of repealed, 15
Civil Rights Bill, supplementary, 221
Civil Service Order of President Hayes, 198
Civil Service Question, first, 12
Clay’s compromise bill, 33
Clay’s compromise resolutions, 51
Clay’s compromise bill rejected, 52
Clay, resignation of, 44
Clay, Speaker of the House, 18
Clintonian Platform, 19
Close Constructionists, 7
Colonial Parties, 3
Color in War Politics, 159
Columbia river, settlement of territory, of, 25
Confederate Constitution, 97
Confederate Debt, 152
Confederate States, 98
Confederate Taxes, 153
Continental Congress, first and second, 4
Congress, origin of, 4
Congress, first under Federal constitution, 7
Congress, 26th, 37
Congress, 37th, 2d session, 145
Congress, 37th, 3d session, 147
Congress, 38th, 1st session, 147
Constitution ratified, 6
Constitution, revision of articles of confederation, 6
Credit Mobilier, 200
Crittenden Compromise, 104
Cumberland road act, 25
Declaration of Independence, 4
Democratic Party, 17
Democratic nomination, 1856, 17
Despatches, Cipher, 234
Disunion Conventions, 53
Disbandment of provisional army, 15
Douglas’ amendment, 80
Electoral Commission, members of, 232
Electoral Count (Hayes and Wheeler), 229
Emancipation a war necessity, 141
Embargo Act, 16
Enforcement Acts, 193
Enforcement Acts, amendatory, 197
England, rejection of treaty with, 17
Era of Good Feeling, 21
Factions, Republican, 253
Federal Party, 17
Federal Party, downfall of, 12
Fillmore, Millard, succession of, 52
Financial crisis, 36
Financial distress, 24
Financial Legislation, internal taxes, 149
Force Bill, 197
Free-Soilers, 50
French agitation by Republicans, 9
Fugitive Slave Law, first, 11
Fugitive Slave Law, repeal of, 145
Funding Bill, 3 per cent., 244
Garfield, 253
———— —assassinated, 260
Ghent, treaty of, 20
Governors, loyal, address to President, 144
Grangers, 218
Grant, 191
Greenback Party, 194
Hardships endured by the New England States in war of 1812, 20
Harrison, nomination of, 38
———— inauguration of, 39
Hartford Convention, 20
Hartford Convention, delegates, 20
Hayes, administration of, 237
Hayes, closing hours of his administration, 240
Hayes and Wheeler, election of, 228
Hayes’ title to the Presidency, 233
Hour Rule in the House, 39
Impeachment trial, first, 16
Independent treasury act repealed, 39
Interior Department, creation of, 50
Jackson, Andrew, death of, 36
———— election of, 28
Jay’s treaty with England, 9
Jay’s instructions demanded, 10
Jefferson, election of, 12
Jefferson, inauguration of, 12
Johnson, Andrew, 178
———— impeachment of, 179
———— policy of, 178
Kansas admitted, 56
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 55
Kansas struggle, 71
Know-Nothing Party, 55
Land distribution, 45
League, White, 223
Lecompton constitution, 79
Legal Tender Decision, 194
Liberal Republicans, 199
Lincoln, 1st administration of, 120
———— 2d „ „, 177
Lincoln and Douglas debate, 73
Log-Rolling, first exhibition of, 8
Louisiana, purchase of, 15
———— fears of the people for the result, 15
———— price paid, 16
Louisiana’s Representatives admitted, 168
Madison, James, election of, 18
Marine, Merchant, 296
McClellan’s political letters, 175
Mexico, treaty with, 49
Mileage, 214
Missouri Compromise, 24
Monroe, inauguration of, 21
Monroe Doctrine, 23
Monroe’s re-election, 24
Mormonism, suppression of, 264
National Bank scheme, old issue against revived, 18
———— ———— ———— passage of bill to establish, 21
National Bank of the United States, Bill, 41
———— ———— ———— ———— bill for renewal of charter vetoed, 31
———— ———— ———— ———— conduct of the, 31
———— ———— ———— ———— downfall of, 32
———— ———— ———— ———— Second Bill, 43
———— ———— ———— ———— vetoed, 42
———— ———— ———— ———— war of the, 31
National Loans, history of, 245
National Republicans, convention of, 31
Native American Party, 54
Naturalization law, 11
———— uniform system of, 15
Naval Department proposition to abolish defeated, 15
Navy, 45
Negro Exodus, 240
Neutrality, armed, the first, 10
Neutrality, proclamation of, 9
New Jersey elections contested, 37
Non-intercourse act, revival of, 18
Nullification, origin of doctrine of, 28
———— doctrine of discussed, 29
Ordinance of State of South Carolina, 32
Oregon treaty, 47
Pairing off, 37
Particularists, 5
Peace Convention, 106
Peace Parties, 19
Pensions, naval, 40
Pierce, Franklin, election of, 54
Politics, current, 298
Polk, James K., nomination of, 45
Pre-emption system, 37
Prohibitory Party, 196
Protective tariff, 21
Protective Tariff discussions, 28
Proclamation, Lincoln, 169
———— Emancipation, Sept. 22, 1862, 141
———— ———— January 1, 1863, 143
Readjusters, 263
Rebellion, Congress on the eve of, 113
Recall of American Minister and declaration of war of 1812, 18
Reconstruction, 169
———— act 39th Congress, 171
———— act supplemental 40th Congress, 172
———— measures, text of, 171
Reform in Civil Service, 200
Republican Association of Washington, 70
———— Convention, Chicago, 86
———— and Federal Parties, 8
———— Party, 69
———— Liberal, 199
Returning Boards, 217
Salary Grab, 214
San Domingo, annexation of, 196
Scott, Dred, suit, 56
Secession Message, Mayor Wood’s, 112
———— Preparing for, 87
Sedition law, 11
Seizure of American vessels, 9
Seward as Secretary of State, 149
Seward’s proposal, 51
Sinking Fund for redemption of public debt, 15
Slave Trade, first law in relation to passed, 15
Slavery question, inception of, 35
Slavery in the territories, 49
South American States, question of recognizing the independence of, 23
Southern Congress, proceedings of, 97
South American question, 269
Star Route scandal, 277
Strong Government Whigs, 5
States, the coming, 278
———— rebellious, readmission of, 193
Tariff, 44
Taxes, Confederate, 153
Taxes, Internal, 151
Taylor, Zach., nomination of, 50
Topeka Constitution, 79
Tory Party, 3
Treasury, deficit, 45
Twenty-first rule, 53
Tyler, John, succession of, 39
Van Buren, election of, 36
———— resignation from Cabinet, 32
Virginia’s political power, jealousy of, 18
Virginia Convention, proceedings of, 91
Washington, Farewell Address, 10
———— re-election of, 9
War of 1812, primary cause of, 17
West Virginia admitted, 158
Whig Party, 3
———— appears for the last time, 54
Whiskey Rebellion, 8
Whiskey Ring, 222
Wilmot Proviso, 48
ADDITIONS TO REVISED EDITION. BOOK I.
Civil Service Reform Bill in Congress, 313
Cleveland’s Administration, 320
Discontent of 1882, 307
“Groundswells”, 304
Independent Republican Revolt in Pennsylvania, 307
Political Changes in 1882, 304
Prohibitory Amendments, 306
Republican Differences—Efforts to Harmonize, 307–313
Revenue Taxes, Attempt to Repeal, 305
Tariff, Attempt to Reduce, 305
Tariff Commission, 305
“Tidal waves,” 304
Political Changes in 1883, 314
State Elections of 1882 and 1883 compared with the Presidential Election of 1880, 315
Political Changes in 1884, 316
The Vote in Detail, 317
The Campaign of 1884, 318
Contests of 1886–7, 322
The Campaign of 1888, 326
President Harrison’s Message on the Chilean Troubles, 339
National Conventions of 1892, 347
II. POLITICAL PLATFORMS
DATE. PAGE.
1796 Washington’s Farewell Address to the People, 2014
1798 Virginia Resolutions, 2003
1799 Answers of the Several State Legislatures, 2006
1798–99 Resolutions of 1798 and 1799, 2010
1800 Republican Platform, Philadelphia, 2021
1812 Clintonian Platform, 2022
1815 Resolutions passed by Hartford Convention, 2023
1830 Anti-masonic resolution, 2024
1832 National Democratic Platform, 2024
1836 Locofoco Platform, 2024
1836 Whig Resolutions, 2024
1839 Abolition Resolution, 2025
1840–48 Abolition Platform, 2025
1840 Democratic Platform, 2025
1843 Liberty Platform, 2026
1844 Whig Platform, 2027
1844 Democratic Platform, 2028
1848 Democratic Platform, 2028
1848 Whig Principles adopted at a Republican meeting, 2030
1848 Buffalo Platform, 2030
1852 Democratic Platform, 2032
1852 Whig Platform, 2033
1852 Free-Soil Platform, 2034
1856 American Platform, 2035
1856 Democratic Platform, 2036
1856 Republican Platform, 2039
1856 Whig Platform, 2040
1860 Constitutional Union Platform, 2041
1860 Republican Platform, 2041
1860 Democratic (Douglas) Platform, 2043
1860 Democratic (Breckenridge) Platform, 2043
1864 Radical Platform, 2044
1864 Republican Platform, 2044
1864 Democratic Platform, 2045
1868 Republican Platform, 2046
1868 Democratic Platform, 2047
1872 Labor Reform Platform, 2049
1872 Prohibition Platform, 2050
1872 Liberal Republican Platform, 2050
1872 Democratic Platform, 2051
1872 Republican Platform, 2051
1872 Democratic (Straight-out) Platform, 2053
1875 American National Platform, 2053
1876 Prohibition Reform Platform, 2054
1876 Independent (Greenback) Platform, 2054
1876 Republican Platform, 2055
1876 Democratic Platform, 2057
1878 National Platform, 2059
1879 National Liberal Platform, 2060
1880 Independent Republican Principles, 2060
1880 Republican Platform, 2061
1880 National (Greenback) Platform, 2063
1880 Prohibition Reform Platform, 2064
1880 Democratic Platform, 2066
1880 Virginia Republican, 2067
1880 Virginia Readjuster, 2067
1880 Virginia Democratic, 2068
1884 Democratic Platform, 2069
1884 Republican Platform, 2073
1888 Democratic Platform, 2075
1888 Republican Platform, 2076
1892 Democratic Platform
1892 Republican Platform
COMPARISON OF PLATFORM PLANKS ON GREAT POLITICAL QUESTIONS.
General Party Doctrines, 2079
The Rebellion, 2080
Home Rule, 2080
Internal Improvements, 2082
National Debt and Interest, the Public Credit, Repudiation, etc., 2082
Resumption, 2083
Capital and Labor, 2084
Tariff, 2085
Education, 2086
Duty to Union Soldiers and Sailors, 2086
Naturalization and Allegiance, 2087
Chinese, 2088
Civil Service, 2089
The Tariff Issue of 1884, 2090
The Tariff and Revenue, 1888, 2091
Civil Service Reform, 1888, 2092
Pensions, etc., 1888, 2093
Pauper Labor, 1888, 2093
Foreign Policy, 1888, 2093
Comparison of Platform Planks, 1892, 2095
III. GREAT SPEECHES ON GREAT ISSUES
Adams, John, 3008
Benjamin, Judah P., 3119
Benton, Thomas H., 3237
Blaine, James G., 3171–240
Broomall, John M., 3186
Buchanan, James, 3095
Calhoun, John C., 3024–80
Cass, Lewis, 3096
Cameron, J. D., 3233
Cameron, Simon, 3162
Carey, Henry, 3159
Clay, Henry, 3023–86
Conkling, Roscoe, 3176–202
Davis, Henry Winter, 3115
Davis, Jefferson, 3147
Dougherty, Daniel, 3205
Douglas, Stephen A., 3126
Eldridge, Charles A., 3189
Everett, Edward, 3018
Frye, Wm. P., 3206
Garfield, James A., 3203
Garrison, William Lloyd, 3120
Giddings, Joshua R., 3116
Gray, George, 3205
Greeley, Horace, 3099
Grow, Galusha A., 3123
Hayne, Robt. Y., 3021–25
Henry, Patrick, 3007–10
Hill, Benjamin H., 3207
Ingalls, John J., 3262
Ingersoll, Robert G., 3201
Knott, J. Proctor, 3154
Lincoln, Abraham, 3126
Logan, John A., 3165
Mahone, William, 3217
McClure, A. K., 3191
McKinley, W. J., Jr., 3277
Morrill, Justin S., 3223
Morton, Oliver P., 3151
Parker, Theodore, 3121
Pendleton, G. H., 3251
Randall, S. J., 3274
Randolph, John, 3013–20
Raynor, Kenneth, 3112
Seward, William H., 3122
Sumner, Charles, 3123
Toombs, Robert, 3117
Vallandigham, Clement L., 3097
Webster, Daniel, 3019–48
Wilson, James, 3003
Wilson, Henry, 3149
Wise, Henry A., 3109
ADDITIONS TO REVISED EDITION. BOOK III.
Depew, Chauncey M., 3283
Abbett, Leon, 3285
IV. PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE, CONSTITUTION, DECLARATION AND ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
CONFEDERATION, ARTICLES OF, 4008
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 4003
JEFFERSON’S MANUAL Absence, Sec. 8, 4026 Adjournment, Sec. 50, 4052 Address, Sec. 10, 4027 Amendment, Sec. 35, 4041 Amendment between the Houses, Sec. 45, 4048 Arrangement of business, Sec. 14, 4029 Assent, Sec. 48, 4050 Bills, Sec. 22, 4033 Bills, commitment, Sec. 26, 4034 Bills, first reading, Sec. 24, 4033 Bills, second reading, Sec. 25, 4033 Bills, third reading, Sec. 40, 4044 Bills, second reading in the House, Sec. 31, 4037 Bills, leave to bring in, Sec. 23, 4033 Bills, recommitment, Sec. 28, 4035 Bills, Report taken up, Sec. 29, 4036 Bills sent to the other House, Sec. 44, 4048 Call of the House, Sec. 7, 4026 Co-existing Questions, Sec. 37, 4043 Committees, Sec. 11, 4027 Committee of the Whole, Sec. 12, 4027 Conferences, Sec. 46, 4049 Division of the House, Sec. 41, 4045 Division of the Question, Sec. 36, 4043 Elections, Sec. 4, 4025 Equivalent Questions, Sec. 38, 4044 Examination of Witnesses, Sec. 13, 4028 Impeachment, Sec. 53, 4054 Importance of adhering to rules, Sec. 1, 4022 Journals, Sec. 49, 4051 Legislature, Sec. 2, 4022 Messages, Sec. 47, 4050 Motions, Sec. 20, 4033 Order, Sec. 15, 4029 Order, in debate, Sec. 17, 4030 Order, respecting papers, Sec. 16, 4030 Orders of the House, Sec. 18, 4032 Petition, Sec. 19, 4032 Previous Questions, Sec. 34, 4040 Privilege, Sec. 3, 4023 Privileged Questions, Sec. 33, 4038 Qualification, Sec. 5, 4025 Quasi-Committee, Sec. 30, 4036 Question, the, Sec. 39, 4044 Quorum, Sec. 6, 4026 Reading Papers, Sec. 32, 4037 Reconsideration, Sec. 43, 4047 Report of Committee, Sec. 27, 4035 Resolutions, Sec. 21, 4033 Session, a, Sec. 51, 4052 Speaker, Sec. 9, 4026 Titles, Sec. 42, 4047 Treaties, Sec. 52, 4052 Ordinance of 1787, 4010 Ratification of Constitution, 4020 Ratification of amendment to Constitution, 4025
INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
ART. SEC. PAGE.
Arts and sciences, to be promoted, 1 8 15
Acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each State entitled to faith and credit in other States, 4 1 17
Amendments to the Constitution, how made, 5 1 18 made, .. .. 19
Appointments to be made by the President, 2 2 16
Apportionment of representatives, 1 2 13
Appropriations by law, 1 9 15
Appropriation for army not to exceed two years, 1 8 15
Armies, Congress to raise and support, 1 8 15
Arms, right of the people to keep and bear, .. .. 19
Assemble, people may, .. .. 19
Attainder, bill of, prohibited to Congress, 1 9 15 prohibited to the States, 1 10 16 of treason shall not work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted, 3 3 17
Bail, excessive, not required, .. .. 19
Bankruptcy laws to be uniform, 1 8 15
Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, 1 7 14 before they become laws, shall be passed by both houses and approved by the President; or, if disapproved, shall be passed by two-thirds of each house, 1 7 14 not returned in ten days, unless an adjournment intervene, shall be laws, 1 7 15
Borrow money, Congress may, 1 8 15
Capitation tax, apportionment of, 1 9 15
Census, or enumeration, to be made every ten years, 1 2 13
Citizens of the United States, who are, (14th amendment), .. 1 20 privileges or immunities of, not to be abridged by any State (14th amendment), .. 1 20
Citizens of United States, not to be abridged on account of color, race, or previous condition of servitude, (15th amendment), .. .. 20
Citizens of each State shall be entitled to the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States, 4 2 17
Claims, no prejudice to certain, 4 3 17 of the United States, or of the several States, not to be prejudiced by any construction of the Constitution, 4 3 18
Coasting trade, regulations respecting, 1 9 15
Coin, Congress fix value of foreign, 1 8 15
Commerce, Congress to regulate, 1 8 15 regulations respecting, to be equal and uniform, 1 9 15
Commissions to be granted by the President, 2 3 17
Common law recognized and established, (7th amendment), .. .. 19
Congress vested with power, 1 1 13 may alter the regulations of State legislatures concerning elections of senators and representatives, except as to place of choosing senators, 1 4 14 shall assemble once every year, 1 4 14 officers of government cannot be members of, 1 6 14 may provide for cases of removal, death, &c., of President and Vice-President, 2 1 16 may determine the time of choosing electors of President and Vice-President, 2 1 16 may invest the appointment of inferior officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, or the heads of departments, 2 2 16 may establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, 3 1 17 may declare the punishment of treason, 3 3 17 may prescribe the manner of proving the acts and records of each State, 4 1 17 to assent to the formation of new States, 4 3 18 may propose amendments to Constitution or call a convention, 5 1 18 to lay and collect duties, 1 8 15 to borrow money, 1 8 15 to regulate commerce, 1 8 15 to establish uniform laws of bankruptcy and naturalization, 1 8 15 to coin money, to regulate the value of coin, and fix a standard of weights and measures, 1 8 15 to punish counterfeiting, 1 8 15 to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, 1 8 15 to define and punish piracies, felonies on the high seas, and offenses against the laws of nations, 1 8 15 to establish post offices and post roads, 1 8 15 to authorize patents to authors and inventors, 1 8 15 to declare war, grant letters of marque, and make rules concerning captures, 1 8 15 to raise and support armies, 1 8 15 to provide and maintain a navy, 1 8 15 to make rules for the government of the army and navy, 1 8 15 to call out the militia in certain cases, 1 8 15 to organize, arm, and discipline militia, 1 8 15 to exercise exclusive legislation over seat of government, 1 8 15 to pass laws necessary to carry the enumerated powers into effect, 1 8 15 to dispose of and make rules concerning the territory or other property of the United States, 4 3 18 President may convene and adjourn in certain cases, 2 3 17 may enforce prohibition of slavery by appropriate legislation, (amendment), 13 2 20
Congress may, by a two-third’s vote, remove disability of persons who engaged in rebellion, (14th amendment), 14 8 20 shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of Article XIV, (14th amendment), 14 5 20 shall have power to enforce the provisions of Article XV, (15th amendment), 15 2 20 representation in, how apportioned, (14th amendment), .. 2 20
Constitution, how amended, 5 1 18 laws and treaties declared to be the supreme law, 6 1 18 rendered operative by the ratification of nine States, 7 1 18
Contracts, no law impairing, 1 10 16
Conventions for proposing amendments to the Constitution, 5 1 18
Counterfeiting, Congress to provide for punishment of, 1 8 15
Court, Supreme, its original and appellate jurisdiction, 3 2 17
Courts inferior to the Supreme Court may be ordained by Congress, 1 8 15 Ditto Ditto, 3 1 17
Crimes, persons accused of, fleeing from justice, may be demanded, 4 2 17 how to be tried, 3 2 17
Criminal prosecutions, proceedings in cases of, .. .. 19
Debts against the confederation to be valid, 6 1 18
Debt, public, authorized by law, shall not be questioned, (14th amendment), .. 4 20 incurred in aid of rebellion not to be assumed or paid, (14th amendment), .. 4 20
Disability of persons who engaged in rebellion (14th amendment), .. 3 20
Duties to be laid by Congress, and to be uniform, 1 8 15 further provision respecting, 1 9 15 cannot be laid by the States, 1 10 16 on exports prohibited, 1 9 15 on imports and exports imposed by States shall inure to the treasury of the United States, 1 10 16
Elections of Senators and representative shall be prescribed by the States, 1 4 14 qualifications and returns of members of Congress to be determined by each house, 1 5 14
Electors of President and Vice-President, how chosen, and their duties, 2 1 16 altered (see 12th amendment), .. .. 19 to vote the same day throughout the United States, 2 1 16 no senator or representative, or public officer, shall serve as, 2 1 16
Enumeration every ten years, 1 2 13
Executive power vested in the President, (see President), 2 1 16
Exports not to be taxed, 1 9 15 and imports, States prohibited from laying duties on, 1 10 16
Ex post facto law, none shall be passed, 1 9 15 prohibited to States, 1 10 16
Fines, excessive prohibited, .. .. 19
Fugitives from justice to be delivered up, 4 2 17 from service may be reclaimed, 4 2 17
Habeas corpus, writ of, can be suspended in cases of rebellion or invasion, 1 9 15
House of Representatives. (See Representatives.)
Impeachment to be brought by House of Representatives, 1 2 13 tried by the Senate, 1 3 14
Impeachment, judgment on, 1 3 14 all civil officers liable to, 2 4 17
Importation of slaves, not prohibited till 1808, 1 9 15
Judges shall hold their office during good behavior, 3 1 17 their compensation, 3 1 17
Judiciary—tribunals inferior to Supreme Court may be created, 1 8 15
Judicial power vested in a Supreme Court and courts inferior, 3 1 17 powers of the judiciary, 3 2 17 restriction as to suits against a State, .. .. 19
Judicial proceedings of each State are entitled to faith and credit in every State, 4 1 17
Jury trial secured, and shall be held in the State where the crime shall have been committed, 3 2 17 further regulated, (6th amendment), .. .. 19 secured in suits at common law where the value of controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, (7th amendment), .. .. 19
Law, what is declared the supreme, 6 1 18 common, recognized and established, (7th amendment), .. ..
Laws, President to see them faithfully executed, 2 3 17
Legislative powers vested in Congress. (See Congress.)
Loans, authority to make, 1 8 15
Marque and reprisal, letters of, 1 8 15
Militia to be called out, 1 8 15 to be officered by the States, 1 8 15 to be commanded by the President, 2 2 19 their right to keep and bear arms secured, (2d amendment), .. .. 19
Money shall be drawn from the treasury only by appropriation laws, 1 9 15 Congress to coin and regulate value of, 1 8 15 States cannot make, 1 10 16
Naturalization, uniform rules of, 1 8 15
Navy, Congress to provide and govern, 1 8 15
Nobility, titles of, shall not be granted by the United States, 1 9 15 nor by the States, 1 10 12
Oath of the President, 2 1 16 of the public officers, 6 1 18
Office, who prohibited from holding, (14th amendment), .. 3 20
Officers of the House of Representatives shall be chosen by the House, 1 2 13
Officers of the Senate shall be chosen by the Senate, 1 3 14 civil, may be removed by impeachment, 2 4 17
Order of one house requiring the concurrence of the other, 1 7 14
Pardons, President may grant, 2 2 16
Patents to be granted to inventors, 1 8 15
Petition, right of, .. .. 19
Persons held to service or labor, their importation or migration into the United States may be prohibited after 1808, 1 9 15 escaping from one State to another shall be delivered up to those entitled to service, 4 2 17
Piracy, Congress to prescribe punishment for, 1 8 15
Post offices and post roads, establishment of, 1 8 15
Powers not delegated to Congress nor prohibited to the States are reserved, (10th amendment), .. .. 19 legislative (See Congress.) executive (See President.) judicial (See Judicial.)
Presents from foreign powers to public officers prohibited, 1 9 15
Press, freedom of
President of the U. S. vested with the executive power, 2 1 16 shall be chosen for four years, 2 1 16 how elected, 2 1 16 same, (12th amendment), .. .. 19 qualifications for, 2 1 16 who shall act in case of vacancy, 2 1 16 compensation of, 2 1 16 shall take an oath of office, 2 1 16 may be removed by impeachment, 2 4 17
President, commander of army, navy, and militia, 2 2 16 may require the written opinion of the heads of departments, 2 2 16 may reprieve and pardon, 2 2 16 may make treaties with consent of the Senate, 2 2 16 may appoint to office with consent of the Senate, 2 2 16 shall fill up vacancies happening during the recess of the Senate, 2 2 16 shall give information to Congress and recommend measures, 2 3 17 may convene both houses or either house, 2 3 17 may adjourn them in case of disagreement, 2 3 17 shall receive ambassadors and public ministers, 2 3 17 shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 2 3 17 shall commission all officers, 2 3 17
Privileges and immunities of members of Congress, 1 6 14 of citizens (See Citizens, also Rights.)
Property, Congress to provide for care of public, 4 3 18 shall not be taken for public use without just compensation, (5th amendment), .. ..
Punishments, cruel and unusual, prohibited, .. ..
Quorum for business, what shall be a, 1 5 14 of States in choosing a President by the House of Representatives, 2 1 16
Quartered, no soldier to be quartered on a citizen, .. .. 19
Rebellion, debt incurred in aid of, not to be assumed or paid, (14th amendment), .. 4 20 disability of persons who have engaged in (14th amendment), .. 3 20
Receipts and expenditures, accounts of, to be published, 1 9 15
Records, how to be authenticated, 4 1 17
Religion—no law to be made—free exercise of, .. .. 19 religious test not required, 6 .. 18
Reprieves granted by the President, 2 2
Representatives, House of, composed of members chosen every second year, 1 2 13 qualifications of voters, 1 2 13 qualifications of members, 1 2 13 apportionment of, 1 2 13 vacancies, how supplied, 1 2 13 shall choose their officers, 1 2 13 shall have the power of impeachment, 1 2 13
Representation shall be the judge of the election and qualifications of its members, 1 5 14 what shall be a quorum, 1 5 14 any number may adjourn and compel the attendance of absentees, 1 5 14 may determine the rules of proceeding, 1 5 14 may punish or expel a member, 1 5 14 shall keep a journal and publish the same, 1 5 14 shall not adjourn for more than three days nor to any other place, without the consent of the Senate, 1 5 14 one-fifth may require the yeas and nays, 1 5 14 shall originate bills for raising revenue, 1 7 14 compensation to be ascertained by law, 1 6 14 privileged from arrest, except in certain cases, 1 6 14
Representatives shall not be questioned for speech or debate in the House, 1 6 14 shall not be appointed to office, 1 6 14 shall not serve as electors of President, 2 1 16 and direct taxes apportioned according to numbers, 1 2 13 how apportioned among the several States, (14th amendment), .. 2 20 who prohibited from being, (14th amendment), .. 3 20 of a State, vacancies in, supplied until a new election by executive authority, 1 2 13
Resolution, order, or vote, requiring the concurrence of both houses, to undergo the formalities of bills, 1 7 14
Revenue bills to originate in the House of Representatives, 1 7 14
Rights of the citizen declared to be— privileges of citizens of the several States, 4 2 17 liberty of conscience in matters of religion, .. .. 19 freedom of speech and of the press, .. .. 19 to assemble and petition, .. .. 19 to keep and bear arms, .. .. 19 to be exempt from the quartering of soldiers, .. .. 19 to be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures, .. .. 19 to be free from answering for a crime, unless on presentment or indictment of a jury, .. .. 19 not to be twice jeoparded for the same offence, .. .. 19 not to be compelled to be a witness against himself, .. .. 19 not to be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due course of law, .. .. 19 private property not to be taken for public use, .. .. 19 in criminal prosecutions, shall enjoy the right of a speedy trial by jury, with all the means necessary for his defence, .. .. 19 in civil cases trial to be by jury, and shall only be re-examined according to common law, .. .. 19 excessive bail shall not be required, excessive fines imposed, no cruel nor unusual punishment inflicted, .. .. 19 enumeration of certain rights shall not operate against retained rights, .. .. 19
Rules, each house shall determine its own, 1 5 14
Seat of government, exclusive legislation, 1 8 15
Searches and seizures, security against, .. .. 19
Senate, composed of two senators from each State, 1 3 14 how chosen, classed, and terms of service, 1 3 14
Senate, qualifications of senators, 1 3 14 Vice-President to be President of the, 1 3 14 shall choose their officers, 1 3 14 shall be the judge of the elections and qualifications of its members, 1 5 14 what number shall be a quorum, 1 5 14 any number may adjourn, and compel attendance of absentees, 1 5 14 may determine its rules, 1 5 14 may punish or expel a member, 1 5 14 shall keep a journal, and publish the same, except parts requiring secrecy, 1 5 14 shall not adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place, without the consent of the other house, 1 5 14 one-fifth may require the yeas and nays, 1 5 14 may propose amendments to bills for raising revenue, 1 7 14 shall try impeachments, 1 3 14 effect of their judgment on impeachment, 1 3 14 compensation to be ascertained by law, 1 6 14 privileged from arrest, 1 6 14 not questioned for any speech or debate, 1 6 14 shall not be appointed to office, 1 6 14
Senator, shall not be elector, 2 1 16 who prohibited from being, (14th amendment), .. 3 20
Senators and representatives, elections of, how prescribed, 1 4 14
Slaves, their importation may be prohibited after 1808, 1 9 15 escaping from one State to another may be reclaimed, 4 2 17 claims for the loss or emancipation of, to be held illegal and void, (14th amendment), .. 4 20
Slavery, except as a punishment for crime, prohibited, amendment, 13 1 20 Congress authorized to enforce the prohibition of, (amendment), 13 2 20
Soldiers not quartered on citizens, .. .. 19
Speaker, how chosen, 1 2 13
Speech, freedom of, .. .. 19
States prohibited from— entering into treaty, alliance, or confederation, 1 10 16 granting letters of marque, 1 10 16 coining money, 1 10 16 emitting bills of credit, 1 10 16 making anything a tender but gold and silver coin, 1 10 16 prohibited from— passing bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, or laws impairing contracts, 1 10 16 granting titles of nobility, 1 10 16 laying duties on imports and exports, 1 10 16 laying duties on tonnage, 1 10 16 keeping troops or ships of war in time of peace, 1 10 16 entering into any agreement or contract with another State or foreign power, 1 10 16 engaging in war, 1 10 16 abridging right of United States citizens of, to vote on account of race or color, (15th amendment), .. 1 20
States, new, may be admitted into the Union, 4 3 18 may be admitted within the jurisdiction of others, or by the junction of two or more, with the consent of Congress and the legislatures concerned, 4 3 18
State judges bound to consider treaties, the Constitution, and the laws under it, as supreme, 6 .. 18
State, every, guarantied a republican form of government, protected by United States, 4 4 18
Supreme Court. (See Court and Judiciary.)
Suits at common law, proceedings in, .. .. 19
Tax, direct, according to representation, 1 2 13 shall be laid only in proportion to census, 1 9 15
Tax on exports prohibited, 1 9 15
Tender, what shall be a legal, 1 10 16
Territory or public property, Congress may make rules concerning, 4 3 18
Test, religious, shall not be required, 6 .. 18
Titles. (See Nobility.)
Title from foreign state prohibited, 1 9 15
Treason, defined, 3 3 17 two witnesses, or confession, necessary for conviction, 3 3 17 punishment of, may be prescribed by Congress, 3 3 17
Treasury, money drawn from, only by appropriation, 1 9 15
Treaties, how made, 2 2 16 the supreme law, 6 .. 18 States cannot make, 1 10 16
Vacancies happening during the recess may be filled temporarily by the President, 2 2 16 in representation in Congress, how filled, 1 2 13
Veto of the President, effect of, and proceedings on, 1 7 14
Vice-President of the U. S. to be President of the Senate, 1 3 14 how elected, 2 1 16 amendment, .. .. 19 shall, in certain cases, discharge the duties of President, 2 1 16 may be removed by impeachment, 2 4 17
Vote of one house requiring the concurrence of the other, 1 7 14 right of citizens to, not to be abridged on account of race or color, (15th amendment), .. 1 20
War, Congress to declare, 1 8 15
Warrants for searches and seizures, when and how they shall issue (14th amendment), .. .. 19
Witness, in criminal cases, no one compelled to be against himself (5th amendment), .. .. 19
Weights and Measures, standard of, 1 8 15
Yeas and nays entered on journal, 1 6 14
V. TABULATED HISTORY OF POLITICS
Aggregate Issues of Paper Money in War Times, 5004
Ante-war Debts, 5015
Cabinet Officers of the Administrations, 5013
Chronological Politics, 1765–1892, 5025
Civil Officers, 5018
Customs Tariff of Great Britain, 5010
Electoral Votes for President and Vice-President, 5005
Electoral Votes; Number to which each State has been Entitled, 1789–1892, 5016
Gold; Highest and Lowest Prices of, 5024
Interest Laws of all the States and Territories of the United States, 5004
Length of Sessions of Congress, 1779–1881, 5018
National Commerce, per capita, 5023
National Debt, per capita, 5023
National Expenditures, per capita, 5023
Popular and Electoral Votes in Presidential Elections, 1789–1889, 5011
Presidents and Vice-Presidents,, 5010
President and Vice-President, Candidates for, 5016
Rebellion, Expenditures caused by, 5021
Signers of Declaration of Independence, 5015
Speakers of House of Representatives, 5020
States, when admitted, 5019
Supreme Courts, 5017
Territories, when Organized, 5019
Troops furnished by each State, 1861–65, 5020
Troops, number of called into service during the Rebellion, 5017
Value of United States Money in Foreign Gold and Silver Coin, 5003
-----
Footnote 1:
Edwin Williams in Statesman’s Manual.
Footnote 2:
From the Statesman’s Manual, Vol. 1., by Edwin Williams.
Footnote 3:
NOTE.—See Constitution, Art. 3, Sec. 4, p. 5.
Footnote 4:
In the Ritual the words in parentheses are omitted. In the key to the Ritual, they are written in figures—the alphabet used being the same as printed below. So throughout.
Key to Unlock Communications.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M 1 7 13 19 25 2 8 14 20 26 3 9 15 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 21 4 10 16 22 5 11 17 23 6 12 18 24
Footnote 5:
Concerning what is said of cities, the key to the Ritual says: “Considered unnecessary to decipher what is said in regard to cities.”
Footnote 6:
President Buchanan’s Inaugural Address.
Footnote 7:
From Mr. Buchanan’s Administration on the eve of the Rebellion, published by D. Appleton & Co., 1866.
Footnote 8:
The Provisional Constitution adopted by the Seceded States differs from the Constitution of the United States in several important particulars. The alterations and additions are as follows:
ALTERATIONS.
1st. The Provisional Constitution differs from the other in this: That the legislative powers of the Provisional Government are vested in the Congress now assembled, and this body exercises all the functions that are exercised by either or both branches of the United States Government.
2d. The Provisional President holds his office for one year, unless sooner superseded by the establishment of a permanent Government.
3d. Each State is erected into a distinct judicial district, the judge having all the powers heretofore vested in the district and circuit courts; and the several district judges together compose the supreme bench—a majority of them constituting a quorum.
4th. Whenever the word “Union” occurs in the United States Constitution the word “Confederacy” is substituted.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE ADDITIONS.
1st. The President may veto any separate appropriation without vetoing the whole bill in which it is contained.
2d. The African slave-trade is prohibited.
3d. Congress is empowered to prohibit the introduction of slaves from any State not a member of this Confederacy.
4th. All appropriations must be upon the demand of the President or heads of departments.
OMISSIONS.
1st. There is no prohibition on members of Congress holding other offices of honor and emolument under the Provisional Government.
2d. There is no provision for a neutral spot for the location of a seat of government, or for sites for forts, arsenals, and dock-yards; consequently there is no reference made to the territorial powers of the Provisional Government.
3d. The section in the old Constitution in reference to capitation and other direct tax is omitted; also, the section providing that no tax or duty shall be laid on any exports.
4th. The prohibition on States keeping troops or ships of war in time of peace is omitted.
5th. The Constitution being provisional merely, no provision is made for its ratification.
AMENDMENTS.
1st. The fugitive slave clause of the old Constitution is so amended as to contain the word “slave,” and to provide for full compensation in cases of abduction or forcible rescue on the part of the State in which such abduction or rescue may take place.
2d. Congress, by a vote of two-thirds, may at any time alter or amend the Constitution.
TEMPORARY PROVISIONS.
1st. The Provisional Government is required to take immediate steps for the settlement of all matters between the States forming it and their other late confederates of the United Slates in relation to the public property and the public debt.
2d. Montgomery is made the temporary seat of government.
3d. This Constitution is to continue one year, unless altered by a two-thirds vote or superseded by a permanent Government.
Footnote 9:
From Lalor’s Encyclopædia of Political Science, published by Rand & McNally. Chicago, Ill.
Footnote 10:
Official Journal of the Convention, pp. 9 and 10.
Footnote 11:
The text of Webster’s speech in reply to Hayne, now accepted as the greatest constitutional exposition ever made by any American orator, will be found in our book devoted to Great Speeches on Great Issues.
Footnote 12:
These were afterwards seized.
Footnote 13:
The attempted removal of these heavy guns from Allegheny Arsenal, late in December, 1860, created intense excitement. A monster mass meeting assembled at the call of the Mayor of the city, and citizens of all parties aided in the effort to prevent the shipment. Through the interposition of Hon. J. K. Moorhead, Hon. R. McKnight, Judge Shaler, Judge Wilkins, Judge Shannon, and others inquiry was instituted, and a revocation of the order obtained. The Secessionists in Congress bitterly complained of the “mob law” which thus interfered with the routine of governmental affairs.—McPherson’s History.
Footnote 14:
Resigned January 17th, 1861, and succeeded by Hon. Lot M. Morrill.
Footnote 15:
Did not attend.
Footnote 16:
Resigned and succeeded January 2d, 1861, by Hon. Stephen Coburn.
Footnote 17:
From the “History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery,” by Hon. Isaac N. Arnold.
Footnote 18:
1864, February 15—Repealed the above act, but provided for continuing organizations of partisan rangers acting as regular cavalry and so to continue; and authorizing the Secretary of War to provide for uniting all bands of partisan rangers with other organizations and bringing them under the general discipline of the provisional army.
Footnote 19:
See memorandum at end of list.
Footnote 20:
This incident was related to the writer by Col. A. K. McClure of Philadelphia, who was in Lancaster at the time.
Footnote 21:
Arnold’s “History of Abraham Lincoln.”
Footnote 22:
On the 23d of July, 1861, the Attorney-General, in answer to a letter from the United States Marshal of Kansas, inquiring whether he should assist in the execution of the fugitive slave law, wrote:
ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S OFFICE, July 23, 1861.
J. L. MCDOWELL, U. S. Marshal, Kansas:
Your letter, of the 11th of July, received 19th, (under frank of Senator Lane, of Kansas,) asks advice whether you should give your official services in the execution of the fugitive slave law.
It is the President’s constitutional duty to “take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” That means all the laws. He has no right to discriminate, no right to execute the laws he likes, and leave unexecuted those he dislikes. And of course you and I, his subordinates, can have no wider latitude of discretion than he has. Missouri is a State in the Union. The insurrectionary disorders in Missouri are but individual crimes, and do not change the legal status of the State, nor change its rights and obligations as a member of the Union.
A refusal by a ministerial officer to execute any law which properly belongs to his office, is an official misdemeanor, of which I have no doubt the President would take notice. Very respectfully
EDWARD BATES.
Footnote 23:
Republicans in Roman; Democrats in italics.
Footnote 24:
Democrats in italics.
Footnote 25:
Republicans in roman; Democrats in italics.
Footnote 26:
In 1860 a vote was had in the State of New York on a proposition to permit negro suffrage without a property qualification. The result of the city was—yeas 1,640. nays 37,471. In the State—yeas 197,505, nays 337,984. In 1864 a like proposition was defeated—yeas 85,406, nays 224,336.
In 1862, in August, a vote was had in the State of Illinois, on several propositions relating to negroes and mulattoes, with this result:
For excluding them from the State 171,893
Against 71,306
——————— 100,587
Against granting them suffrage or right to office 21,920
For 35,649
——————— 176,271
For the enactment of laws to prohibit them from going to, or voting in, the State 198,938
Against 44,414
——————— 154,524
—From McPherson’s History of the Great Rebellion.
Footnote 27:
December 23, 1862—Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation of outlawry against Major General B. F. Butler, the last two clauses of which are:
Third. That all negro slaves captured in arms be at once delivered over to the executive authorities of the respective States to which they belong, to be dealt with according to the laws of said States.
Fourth. That the like orders be executed in all cases with respect to all commissioned officers of the United States when found serving in company with said slaves in insurrection against the authorities of the different States of this Confederacy.
Footnote 28:
McPherson’s History, page 317.
Footnote 29:
This act is in those words:
Be it enacted, &c., That hereafter every person elected or appointed to any office of honor or profit under the government of the United States, either in the civil, military, or naval departments of the public service, excepting the President of the United States, shall, before entering upon the duties of such office, and before being entitled to any of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: “I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have never sought nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority, in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto; and I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter; so help me God;” which said oath, so taken and signed, shall be preserved among the files of the Court, House of Congress, or Department to which the said office may appertain. And any person who shall falsely take the said oath shall be guilty of perjury, and on conviction, in addition to the penalties now prescribed for that offense, shall be deprived of his office, and rendered incapable forever after, of holding any office or place under the United States.
Footnote 30:
Compiled by Hon. Edward McPherson in his Hand-Book of Politics for 1868.
Footnote 31:
Unofficial.
Footnote 32:
From Greeley’s Recollections of a Busy Life, page 413.
Footnote 33:
From the Century of Independence by John Sully, Boston.
Footnote 34:
The following is a correct table of the ballots in the New York Democratic Convention:
────────────────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬──── Candidates. │ 1.│ 2.│ 3.│ 4.│ 5.│ 6.│ 7.│ 8.│ 9.│ 10.│ 11. ────────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Horatio Seymour │ │ │ │ 9│ │ │ │ │ │ │ George H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pendleton │ 105│ 104│119½│118½│ 122│122½│137½│156½│ 144│147½│144½ Andrew Johnson │ 65│ 52│ 34½│ 32│ 24│ 21│ 12½│ 6│ 5½│ 6│ 5½ Winfield S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hancock │ 33½│ 40½│ 45½│ 43½│ 46│ 47│ 42½│ 28│ 34½│ 34│ 33½ Sanford E. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Church │ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ │ │ │ Asa Packer │ 26│ 26│ 26│ 26│ 27│ 27│ 26│ 26│ 26½│ 27½│ 26 Joel Parker │ 13│ 15½│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7 James E. English│ 16│ 12½│ 7½│ 7½│ 7│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ │ James R. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Doolittle │ 13│ 1½│ 12│ 12│ 15│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12½ Reverdy Johnson │ 8½│ 8│ 11│ 8│ 9½│ │ │ │ │ │ Thomas A. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hendricks │ 2½│ 2│ 9½│ 11½│ 19½│ 30│ 39½│ 75│ 80½│ 82½│ 88 F. P. Blair, Jr.│ ½│ 10½│ 4½│ 2│ │ 5│ ½│ ½│ ½│ ½│ ½ Thomas Ewing │ │ ½│ 1│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ J. Q. Adams │ │ │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ George B. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ McClellan │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Salmon P. Chase │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Franklin Pierce │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ John T. Hoffman │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Stephen J. Field│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Thomas H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ────────────────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────
────────────────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬──── Candidates. │ 12.│ 13.│ 14.│ 15.│ 16.│ 17.│ 18.│ 19.│ 20.│ 21.│ 22. ────────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Horatio Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 317 George H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pendleton │145½│134½│ 130│129½│107½│ 70½│ 56½│ │ │ │ Andrew Johnson │ 4½│ 4½│ │ 5½│ 5½│ 6│ 10│ │ │ 5│ Winfield S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hancock │ 30│ 48½│ 56│ 79½│113½│137½│144½│135½│142½│135½│ Sanford E. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Church │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Asa Packer │ 26│ 26│ 26│ │ │ │ │ 22│ │ │ Joel Parker │ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 3½│ │ │ │ James E. English│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│ 16│ 19│ James R. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Doolittle │ 12½│ 13│ 13│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ Reverdy Johnson │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Thomas A. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hendricks │ 89│ 81│ 84½│ 82½│ 70½│ 80│ 87│107½│ 121│ 132│ F. P. Blair, Jr.│ ½│ ½│ │ │ │ │ │ 13½│ 13│ │ Thomas Ewing │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ J. Q. Adams │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ George B. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ McClellan │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ½│ Salmon P. Chase │ ½│ ½│ │ │ │ ½│ ½│ ½│ │ 4│ Franklin Pierce │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ John T. Hoffman │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ Stephen J. Field│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 15│ 9│ 8│ Thomas H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 4│ 2│ │ ────────────────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴──── Necessary to choice 212
Footnote 35:
General Blair was nominated unanimously on the first ballot.
Footnote 36:
One Democratic elector was defeated, being cut by over 500 voters on a local issue.
Footnote 37:
Commonly called “Greenbacks,” or “Legal Tender notes.”
Footnote 38:
Commonly called “National Bank notes.”
Footnote 39:
By Rand & McNally, Chicago, Ill., 1882.
Footnote 40:
This was partially done by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1881.
Footnote 41:
Act of March 2, 1850.
Footnote 42:
Act of January 19, 1866.
Footnote 43:
Senate doc. 181, 46th Congress.
Footnote 44:
Sec. 2, 258, Rev. Stat. U.S.
Footnote 45:
According to the affidavits of Samuel Howard and others, page 14.
Footnote 46:
See Report of Attorney-General United States, 1880–81.
Footnote 47:
Act of March 6, 1862.
Footnote 48:
Act of February 16, 1872.
Footnote 49:
Secs. 1 and 2, act of February 3, 1852.
Footnote 50:
See act of January 17, 1862.
Footnote 51:
Act of January 7, 1854, sec. 14.
Footnote 52:
Acts of Jan 21, 1853, and of January, 1855, sec. 29.
Footnote 53:
Act of February 18, 1852.
Footnote 54:
Act of February 18, 1852.
Footnote 55:
Act of January 14, 1854.
Footnote 56:
Sec. 106. Act March 6, 1852.
Footnote 57:
Enormous sums are, however, given to soldiers who were wounded during the war, or who pretend that they were—for jobbery on an unheard of scale is practised in connection with these pensions. It is estimated that $120,000,000 (24,000,000_l._) will have to be paid during the present fiscal year, for arrears of pension, and the number of claimants is constantly increasing, [The writer evidently got these “facts” from sensational sources.]—Am. Pol.
Footnote 58:
The undeniable facts of the case were as we have briefly indicated above, See, for example, a letter to the ‘New York Nation,’ Nov. 3, 1881.
Footnote 59:
Speech In New York, March 7, 1881.
Footnote 60:
‘New York Tribune,’ Feb. 25, 1870.
Footnote 61:
Letter in New York papers, Feb. 20, 1875.
Footnote 62:
Mr. George William Curtis, in ‘Harper’s Magazine,’ 1870.
Footnote 63:
Article I. sect. vi. 2.
Footnote 64:
‘Commentaries,’ I. book iii. sect. 869.
Footnote 65:
[These are mere traditions tinged with the spirit of some of the assaults made in the “good old days” even against so illustrious a man as Washington.—Am. Pol.]
Footnote 66:
Mr. Watterson, formerly a distinguished member of Congress, is the author of the “tariff for revenue only” plank in the Democratic National Platform of 1880, and is now, as he has been for years, the chief editor of the Louisville Courier Journal.
Footnote 67:
American, 707; scattering 989.
Footnote 68:
In Connecticut, the vote for Sheriff is taken. In New York, the average vote on four of the five State officers chosen, excluding Secretary of State. In Nebraska, Democratic and Anti-Monopoly vote combined on Judge.
Footnote 69:
Scattering, 106.
Footnote 70:
In these States the vote on Lieutenant-Governor was taken, as being from special causes, a fairer test of party strength. In the others the principal State officer was taken. Where State officers were not elected, the Congressional vote was taken. In Georgia, Congressmen-at-Large was taken.
Footnote 71:
The vote for Chief Judge.
Footnote 72:
The Regular and Independent Republican vote is combined.
Footnote 73:
Vote of the two Democratic candidates is combined.
Footnote 74:
One vote lacking in each.
Footnote 75:
One vote lacking.
Footnote 76:
One vote lacking.
Footnote 77:
3 votes lacking.
Footnote 78:
Upon the resolution of Mr. Wythe, which proposed, “That the committee should ratify the constitution, and that whatsoever amendments might be deemed necessary should be recommended to the consideration of the congress, which should first assemble under the constitution, to be acted upon according to the mode prescribed therein.”
Footnote 79:
In answer to an address of Governor Eustis, denouncing the conduct of the peace party during the war, the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, in June, 1823, say, “The change of the political sentiments evinced in the late elections forms indeed a new era in the history of our commonwealth. It is the triumph of reason over passion; of patriotism over party spirit. Massachusetts has returned to her first love, and is no longer a stranger in the Union. We rejoice that though, during the last war, such measures were adopted in this state as occasioned double sacrifice of treasure and of life, covered the friends of the nation with humiliation and mourning, and fixed a stain on the page of our history, a redeeming spirit has at length arisen to take away our reproach, and restore to us our good name, our rank among our sister states, and our just influence in the Union.
“Though we would not renew contentions, or irritate wantonly, we believe that there are cases when it is necessary we should ‘wound to heal.’ And we consider it among the first duties of the friends of our national government, on this return of power, to disavow the unwarrantable course pursued by this state, during the late war, and to hold up the measures of that period as beacons; that the present and succeeding generations may shun that career which must inevitably terminate in the destruction of the individual or party who pursues it; and may learn the important lesson, that, in all times, the path of duty is the path of safety; and that it is never dangerous to rally around the standard of our country.”
Footnote 80:
2d Dodson’s Admiralty Reports, 48. 13th Mass. Reports, 26.
Footnote 81:
It appears at p. 6 of the “Account” that by a vote of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, (260 to 290) delegates to this convention were ordered to be appointed to consult upon the subject “of their public grievances and concerns,” and upon “the best means of preserving their resources,” and for procuring a revision of the constitution of the United States, “more effectually to secure the support and attachment of all the people, by placing all upon the basis of fair representation.”
The convention assembled at Hartford on the 15th December, 1814. On the next day it was
Resolved, That the most inviolable secrecy shall be observed by each member of this convention, including the secretary, as to all propositions, debates, and proceedings thereof, until this injunction shall be suspended or altered.
On the 24th of December, the committee appointed to prepare and report a general project of such measures as may be proper for the convention to adopt, reported among other things,—
“1. That it was expedient to recommend to the legislatures of the states the adoption of the most effectual and decisive measures to protect the militia of the states from the usurpations contained in these proceedings.” [The proceedings of Congress and the executive, in relation to the militia and the war.]
“2. That it was expedient also to prepare a statement, exhibiting the necessity which the improvidence and inability of the general government have imposed upon the states of providing for their own defence, and the impossibility of their discharging this duty, and at the same time fulfilling the requisitions of the general government, and also to recommend to the legislatures of the several states to make provision for mutual defence, and to make an earnest application to the government of the United States, with a view to some arrangement whereby the state may be enabled to retain a portion of the taxes levied by Congress, for the purpose of self-defence, and for the reimbursement of expenses already incurred on account of the United States.
“3. That it is expedient to recommend to the several state legislatures certain amendments to the constitution, viz.,—
“That the power to declare or make war, by the Congress of the United States, be restricted.
“That it is expedient to attempt to make provision for restraining Congress in the exercise of an unlimited power to make new states, and admit them into the Union.
“That an amendment be proposed respecting slave representation and slave taxation.”
On the 29th of December, 1814, it was proposed “that the capacity of naturalized citizens to hold offices of trust, honor, or profit ought to be restrained,” &c.
The subsequent proceedings are not given at large. But it seems that the report of the committee was adopted, and also a recommendation of certain measures (of the character of which we are not informed) to the states for their mutual defence; and having voted that the injunction of secrecy, in regard to all the debates and proceedings of the convention, (except so far as relates to the report finally adopted,) be continued, the convention adjourned sine die, but as was supposed, to meet again when circumstances should require it.
Footnote 82:
I refer to the authority of Chief Justice Marshall in the case of Jonathan Robbins. I have not been able to refer to the speech, and speak from memory.
Footnote 83:
In this extended abstracts are given and data references omitted not applicable to these times.
Footnote 84:
Speech at the Tabernacle, New York, February 10, 1843, in public debate on this resolution:—
Resolved, That a Protective Tariff is conducive to our National Prosperity.
Affirmative: JOSEPH BLUNT, HORACE GREELEY.
Negative: SAMUEL J. TILDEN, PARKE GODWIN.
From Greeley’s “Recollections of a Busy Life.”
Footnote 85:
All the series were published in 1860 by Follet, Foster & Co., Columbus, Ohio.
Footnote 86:
The dominion of Canada has since imposed compound duties upon a large number of articles.
Footnote 87:
In the British Almanac of 1881 it is stated that meat is eaten in Ireland by only 59 per cent. of the farm laborers, and in quantity only four and one-half ounces per week.
Footnote 88:
The portion of this clause within brackets has been amended by the 14th amendment, 2nd section.
Footnote 89:
This clause has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment.
Footnote 90:
From W. J. McDonald’s “Constitution, Rules and Manual.”
Footnote 91:
New Jersey withdrew her consent to the ratification April —, 1868.
Footnote 92:
Oregon withdrew her consent to the ratification October 15, 1868.
Footnote 93:
Ohio withdrew her consent to the ratification January —, 1868.
Footnote 94:
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia had previously rejected the amendment.
Footnote 95:
New York withdrew her consent to the ratification January 5, 1870.
Footnote 96:
Ohio had previously rejected the amendment May 4, 1869.
Footnote 97:
New Jersey had previously rejected the amendment.
Footnote 98:
This arrangement is changed by the 8th rule.
Footnote 99:
The former practice of the Senate referred to in this paragraph has been changed by the following rule:
[The final question upon the second reading of every bill, resolution, constitutional amendment, or motion, originating in the Senate and requiring three readings previous to being passed, shall be, “whether it shall be engrossed and read a third time?” and no amendment shall be received for discussion at the third reading of any bill, resolution, amendment, or motion, unless by unanimous consent of the members present; but it shall at all times be in order before the final passage of any such bill, resolution, constitutional amendment, or motion, to move its commitment; and should such commitment take place, and any amendment be reported by the committee, the said bill, resolution, constitutional amendment, or motion, shall be again read a second time, and considered as in Committee of the Whole, and then the aforesaid question shall be again put.—Rule 26.]
Footnote 100:
This rule has been modified so as to specify the questions entitled to preference. The rule is now as follows:
RULE 43. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received but to adjourn, to adjourn to a day certain, or that, when the Senate adjourn, it shall be to a day certain; to take a recess, to proceed to the consideration of the executive business, to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a day certain, to commit, or to amend: which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand arranged, and the motions relating to adjournment, to proceed to the consideration of executive business, and to lay on the table, shall be decided without debate.
Footnote 101:
In filling up blanks, the largest sum and longest time shall be first put. Rule 32.
Footnote 102:
The rule now fixes a limitation.
Footnote 103:
This rule has been so amended as to except Indian treaties; which shall be considered and acted upon in open Senate, unless the same shall be transmitted by the President to the Senate in confidence.
Footnote 104:
This rule has since been modified by the U. S. Senate.
Footnote 105:
Liable to arrest for misdemeanor.
Footnote 106:
Also punishable as a misdemeanor. Banks forfeit interest only, or double the interest if charged in advance.
Footnote 107:
Also 6% on judgments.
Footnote 108:
The figures in this column mark the terms held by the Presidents.
Footnote 109:
Acting Vice-President and President pro tem. of the Senate.
Footnote 110:
Not voting—Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
Footnote 111:
Not voting—Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia.
Footnote 112:
Seventeen votes rejected, viz.: 3 from Georgia for Horace Greeley (dead), and 8 from Louisiana, and 6 from Arkansas for U. S. Grant.
Footnote 113:
Not a Cabinet officer, but a subordinate of the Treasury Department until 1829.
Footnote 114:
Naval affairs were under the control of the Secretary of War until a separate Navy Department was organized by Act of April 30th, 1798. The Acts organizing the other Departments were of the following dates: State, September 15th, 1789; Treasury, September 2d, 1789; War, August 7th, 1789. The Attorney-General’s duties were regulated by the Judiciary Act of September 24th, 1789.
Footnote 115:
Secretary Windom died Jan. 29, 1891, and was succeeded by Charles Foster, Ohio.
Footnote 116:
Candidates from Southern States.
Footnote 117:
Resigned.
Footnote 118:
Presided one term of the court; appointment not confirmed by the Senate.
Footnote 119:
The Supreme Court, at its first session in 1790, consisted of a Chief Justice and five Associates. The number of Associate Justices was increased to six in 1807 by the appointment of Thomas Todd; increased to eight in 1837 by the appointments of John Catron and John McKinley; increased to nine in 1863 by the appointment of Stephen J. Field; decreased to eight on the death of John Catron in 1865; decreased to seven on the death of James M. Wayne in 1867; and again increased to eight in 1870, with a view to get the legal tender decision—a policy for such precedents are found in the governments of England and France.
Footnote 120:
These do not include the militia that were brought into service during the various invasions of Lee’s armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania.
Footnote 121:
Colored Troops organized at various stations in the States in rebellion, embracing all not specifically credited to States, and which cannot be assigned.—ADJUTANT-GENERAL’S OFFICE, Washington, November 9, 1880.
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Reindexed footnotes using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 4. Renumbered pages to avoid duplicates as follows: Book II added 2000, Book III added 3000, Book IV added 4000, Book V added 5000, Index added 6000. 5. Enclosed italics font in underscores. 6. Enclosed bold font in =equals=. 7. Denoted subscripts by an underscore before a series of subscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. H_{2}O.