A system of practical medicine. By American authors. Vol. 2 (part 8 of 8)

A system of practical medicine. By American authors. Vol. 2 (part 8 of 8)

The second stage is characterized by the commencement of the cheesy degeneration. The glands enlarge and coalesce in clusters, sometimes forming large masses of hardened and inelastic glands. On section they exhibit in the beginning foci of cheesy material imbedded in the gland-parenchyma. In the further progress of the change the whole gland is transformed into a homogeneous yellowish substance. In this condition there are found on microscopic examination globular corpuscles, nuclei, shrivelled cells, sometimes giant-cells, and most frequently tubercles. The tubercles are usually found in the follicular substance. Birch-Hirschfield says the cheesy formations in secondary tuberculous mesenteric glands are only found in discrete foci, and the tubercles occur in the follicular substance imbedded in relatively normal tissue. The cheesy transformation is, according to Virchow, a necrobiosis of the hyperplastic gland-elements, but Schüppel insists that it is the result of tubercular development. After a time the cheesy masses soften, and the glands are converted into sacs containing a purulent fluid mixed with débris. In this condition they are most frequently coalesced in bunches, sometimes forming large tumors. The intervening walls may break down and the whole bunch be transformed into one large sac filled with purulent fluid and débris. Occasionally these masses of agglutinated glands become adherent to the abdominal parietes or to the intestines. Rupture of their walls may occur, and the contents may be emptied into either the peritoneal cavity or the intestines. When communication with the intestines takes place, it is usually through an ulcer on the mucous surface. It is probable that the cheesy substance may sometimes be absorbed, as Virchow thinks, by gradual softening proceeding from the surface toward the centre.

It is believed that these degenerated glands sometimes undergo the cretaceous transformation. Such an instance has been reported by Carswell: "The patient, who when a child had been affected with tabes {1188} mesenterica and also with swellings of the cervical glands, some of which ulcerated, died at the age of twenty-one years of inflammation of the uterus seven days after delivery. Several of the mesenteric glands contained a dry cheesy matter mixed with a chalky-looking substance; others were composed of a cretaceous substance; and a tumor as large as a hen's egg, included within the folds of the peritoneum, and which appeared to be the remains of a large agglomerated mass of glands, was filled with a substance resembling a mixture of putty and dried mortar, moistened with a small quantity of serosity. In the neck, and immediately behind an old cicatrix in the skin, there were two glands containing, in several points of their substance, small masses of hard cretaceous matter." Calcareous concretions have been observed by Andral and others in the mesenteric glands in cases of chronic pulmonary disease; and Soemmering records several observations of a tartar-like substance found in devastated mesenteric glands in cases of rickets.

The morbid appearances in tabes mesenterica are not usually confined to the changes in the glands. In very many cases the evidences of disease of the peripheral glands are quite manifest, and in much the larger number of cases pulmonary phthisis and disease of the bronchial glands are present. The adjacent abdominal organs may also be involved. These consecutive morbid changes are succinctly set forth in the following notes of an autopsy taken from the records of the Children's Hospital of Washington, D.C. The subject was a negro boy aged ten, who had been taken sick a year previous to his death with a bad cold and cough, followed several months afterward by enlargement and suppuration of the cervical glands on both sides: "The body was greatly emaciated, the lips and teeth covered with sordes. Cheesy masses were scattered throughout the substance of both lungs. The right lung was firmly adherent to the thoracic walls, the left adherent at apex. The liver was enlarged and adherent to all adjacent tissues, and contained many cheesy nodules scattered throughout its substance and over the surface. The gall-bladder was distended with bile. The spleen was normal in size, very dark, and filled with cheesy masses. The pancreas contained many similar masses. The peritoneal cavity contained a quantity of muddy fluid. The peritoneum was dark in color, studded with tubercles, and ulcerated in a few places. The stomach and intestines were distended with gas; the walls of stomach thickened, the inner surface covered with a shiny mucus; in its lower wall was one large ulcer, penetrating to the peritoneal coat and measuring three-fourths of an inch in diameter. The peritoneal coat was thickly studded with nodules resembling tubercles. The small intestines were gangrenous in a few places; on the inner surface were found fourteen ulcers, varying in size from one-fourth to one and one-fourth inches in diameter, with elevated edges and red bases; two penetrated the peritoneal coat. This coat contained very many tubercles. On the mucous surface of the large intestines there were seven large ulcers, similar in appearance to those found in the small intestines. Some of Peyer's patches were ulcerated. The mesenteric glands, some as large as walnuts, were filled with cheesy material, and the mesentery was dotted over with small masses of similar matter."

In two of the reported cases of chylous effusion into the peritoneal cavity the rupture of the lacteals was caused by degeneration of the {1189} mesenteric glands; and in several other cases the rupture was produced by the presence of tumors, apparently formed by the agglomeration of numerous degenerated glands.

Several cases of fatty diarrhoea from mesenteric phthisis have been reported. Of these the most conclusive is the case of Hall.[1] The clinical history of the case and the detection of enlarged mesenteric glands in the umbilical and hypogastric regions placed the diagnosis beyond a doubt. It was, however, verified by the discovery of several vomicæ in the lungs, and of mesenteric glands "universally enlarged and affected with strumous disease. The intestinal mucous membrane was dotted with patches of ulceration, with here and there prominent masses of strumous deposit on the surface."

[Footnote 1: Guy's Hospital Reports, vol. i., 3d Series, 1855, p. 371.]

SYMPTOMATOLOGY.--It is not possible to describe a definite and uniform clinical history of this disease. As a secondary complication of pulmonary phthisis and scrofulous affections the preliminary symptoms are so constantly identified with the development and progress of these maladies that, as a rule, the initial stage cannot be recognized by any special assemblage of symptoms. In any tuberculous or scrofulous child the possible implication of the mesenteric glands may be predicated upon any array of symptoms that would establish the presence of these classes of disease. And even in the absence of the rational and direct signs of such affections, in those exhibiting the physical evidences of the strumous diathesis, more especially when it is inherited, the symptoms of any trivial departure from health, such as the catching of cold, irritation of the alimentary tract, or protracted convalescence from any of the exanthematous or intestinal diseases, may constitute the initial history of tabes mesenterica. In such subjects debility and anæmia, from whatsoever cause they may apparently result--and, in fact, any manifest lowering of the standard of health, whether gradual or precipitate, and without assignable cause--may mark the beginning of the process of change in the parenchyma of the glands that will terminate in tuberculosis. The later as well as the earlier history may be completely masked by the symptomatology of other diseases belonging to the tuberculous class; and so grave, as a rule, are such primary and coexisting affections that definite recognition of this complication or localized extension of the systemic infection becomes more a matter of skilful diagnosis than of practical utility.

But in those cases where disease of the respiratory organs and of the bronchial glands can be excluded the general symptomatology becomes of paramount importance. And in view of the value of prophylactic measures which may be employed to arrest, limit, or delay the localized tuberculosis of these glands, the precursory symptoms may be of special significance. This condition may be characterized by languor and dulness or marked debility and anæmia, with loss of color, attended with flatulence, stomachal disturbance, frequent eructations consisting mainly of mucus, a sense of uneasiness in the abdomen after the ingestion of food, a variable appetite, sometimes voracious and occasionally depraved. Sometimes a dislike for fatty foods is a prominent symptom. The tongue may be coated, the breath is usually foul, and some have said the body emits an acid odor. If these symptoms occur in a child of the {1190} scrofulous diathesis, or be directly or remotely associated with a previous gastro-intestinal disease, or occur or persist during the convalescence of some of the acute affections of infancy and childhood which stand in etiological relation to this disease, they may justify a reasonable presumption of commencing change in the mesenteric glands. This presumption will be strengthened by emaciation, a more marked disturbance of the digestive function, attended with fetid and occasionally whitish stools, a tumid belly, and deep, lancinating abdominal pains of short duration, recurring at long intervals and neither relieved nor aggravated by pressure or an evacuation. Some have attributed special importance to a chalky appearance and loss of consistency of the stools, indicating the suspension of absorption by the lacteals. There may also be slight evening fever. Later, the enlargement of the belly increases, the emaciation becomes more marked and rapid, the appetite more variable, sometimes very voracious, the alvine discharges more fetid or less consistent, sometimes putty-like, and generally irregular or constipated. The febrile exacerbations are more decided, and sometimes chills may occur at irregular intervals. When, in addition to these symptoms, either during the earlier or later stages, the enlargement of the glands can be detected, the clinical picture is complete. In consequence of the tympanitic distension of the abdomen, which usually increases with the progress of the disease, it is impossible in a majority of cases to detect the glandular enlargement; especially is this true when the affected glands are separate; but, as frequently happens during the last stage, when large tumors are formed by the coalescence of a number of diseased glands the diagnosis may be easily determined. In the absence of the discovery of enlarged glands the diagnosis cannot be considered positive. They are usually most readily found in the region of the umbilicus, and may in some cases, even when the tension of the abdomen is very great, be detected by grasping the abdomen with the hand and compressing it between the fingers and thumb so that the enlarged glands will be brought in close contiguity to the walls and be felt immediately under the fingers. If a tumor should be present and the peritoneal cavity be free from fluid, its locality may be recognized by a sense of resistance and circumscribed area of diminished resonance, and then definitely outlined by palpation. Underwood says: "Indigestion, costiveness or purging, irregular appetite, flushed cheeks or a total loss of color, impaired strength and spirits, remitting fever, and a hard and tumid belly, with emaciated limbs, are amongst the more common symptoms, attending at one period or other, of this disease."

When the diagnosis has been made out, it is not impossible to determine the stage of the disease. The progressive intensity of the symptoms, with rapid emaciation as a rule, bears a definite relation to the progress of the morbid changes taking place in the glands. It must, however, be borne in mind that children have died of tabes mesenterica who had enjoyed excellent health up to the moment of death, and the autopsy disclosed the condition of the glands, which had not been suspected during life. In the case previously cited, in which the autopsy exhibited such grave lesions of the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, and intestinal mucous membrane, the clinical phenomena were at no time commensurate with the gravity of the morbid changes.

{1191} DIAGNOSIS.--In the absence of the proof of the presence of enlarged glands or of a tumor the diagnosis cannot be positively determined. The enlargement and tympanitic distension of the abdomen do not necessarily establish the existence of glandular disease, for they are present in a great many conditions of ill-health in children. Nor is the coexistence of a tumid belly, emaciation, and fever sufficient, for they are found in other tuberculous and in gastro-intestinal diseases. The discovery of enlarged discrete glands by palpation, as before described, in connection with such disturbances of nutrition as have been set forth, constitute the strongest presumption in favor of tabes mesenterica. The presence of enlarged glands unaccompanied by the ordinary symptoms of the tuberculous or scrofulous processes is inconclusive, because the glandular hypertrophy may be a simple hyperplasia, entirely independent of any tendency to retrogressive metamorphosis. There is usually some tenderness on pressure, but this may be present in any disease of the abdominal viscera. When the glands are of sufficient size, they may, by pressure, produce secondary derangements. Cramps in the legs may be caused by pressure on nerves. Oedema of the legs and dilatation of the superficial abdominal veins may result from compression of venous trunks. "If," says Eustace Smith, "these veins are seen to ramify on the abdominal surface and to join the veins on the thoracic walls, tabes may be suspected in the absence of chronic peritonitis and enlargement of the liver." Ascites may be present, but is not a necessary result of disease of the glands.

When a tumor has been discovered by palpation, it is necessary to determine its glandular nature. If situated about the umbilicus, in front of the spinal column, if irregular, hard, and feeling like a congeries of irregularly-rounded nodules, the evidence is very decided in favor of its glandular origin. But care must be taken to exclude tumors formed by fecal accumulations and masses attached to the omentum. Omental tumors are usually more movable, better defined, more superficial, and regular in form. Cancerous masses sometimes simulate glandular tumors. The general history of the case and the age of the patient are usually sufficient to make a diagnosis by exclusion. Rilliet and Barthez distinguished a cancerous pancreas by the presence of vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal pains.

The writer has many times based a conjectural diagnosis--which was verified by a post-mortem examination--upon the presence of a tumid abdomen, increasing emaciation, with the history of a protracted gastro-intestinal catarrh, and an irregular febrile curve characterized by frequent subnormal temperatures. He has also observed a number of cases of protracted diarrhoea in children, accompanied with extreme emaciation, notwithstanding the appetite was good, sometimes even voracious, and the food taken was ample, nutritious, and easily digested, in which the stools, varying from two to three, or twice as many, daily, were whitish, leaden, or slate-colored, sometimes semi-fluid, at other times containing lumps or masses of putty consistence, presenting to the naked eye a greasy appearance and to the touch a fatty feel, and at the autopsy has found only thinness and transparency of the coat of the small intestines and degenerated mesenteric glands.

PROGNOSIS.--The prognosis is decidedly unfavorable. So far as is known to the writer, there is but one recorded case of recovery in which the {1192} diagnosis was indisputable and the fact of a cure was established by an autopsy. This was the case reported by Carswell, before referred to. The older and some of the modern authors have claimed many recoveries, but it must be manifest to every student of pathological anatomy that the mistaken diagnoses must have been nearly if not quite as numerous as the cases of cure. The writer has not witnessed a single case of recovery, but he has observed very many cured cases of disease which exhibited all the subjective and objective symptoms of tuberculosis of the mesenteric glands, save and except those by which its existence can alone be definitely and positively established. The case of Carswell demonstrates a remote possibility of cure by the cretaceous metamorphosis of the degenerated glands in a subject exhibiting the scrofulous diathesis. In view of this isolated observation, one cannot refuse to accept a similar possibility in cases in which the disease may be localized and confined to a few of the glands. In such cases, if recognized previous to the formation of cheesy foci, the possibility of staying, limiting, and perhaps occasionally curing, the disease should not be regarded as absolutely hopeless; yet the opportunities of examining the glands in the first stage of change has so rarely occurred that no one is authorized to assert that the hyperplasia is the true picture of the condition in which those in the advanced stage had its beginning; nor has any one claimed to have witnessed the progressive stages of resolution taking place in such glands.

The cretaceous transformation is an accepted though remote possibility, and absorption by means of gradual softening of the cheesy masses is perhaps a reasonable hypothesis. But even if either of these processes was an occasional termination of the disease, it could only lessen its gravity and prolong life, with an incomplete recovery, in those few cases in which the tuberculous or scrofulous changes were confined to a less number of glands than was necessary to maintain the nutrition of the body. For while there is no serious obstacle to the flow of chyle through the glands in the condition of simple hyperplasia, it is completely obstructed in those transformed into cheesy masses or purulent collections. The channels through the glands must sooner or later be obliterated by the presence of the abundant cell-proliferation which characterizes the initial stage of change in this disease. For if the compression is sufficient to cut off the supply of blood, it must prove equally destructive to the complex system of lymph-paths. To the impermeability of the glands must the emaciation and exhaustion which mark the course of the disease, to a greater or less degree according to the number of glands involved, be due.

If the investigations of Schüppel should be verified, and the primary tubercle-formations be accepted as the initial stage of change, the prognosis will be less favorable, but a distinct line of demarcation may be established between two classes of cases in each of which cheesy transformation may occur, but in one the tubercle-formations may be primary, and in the other secondary. In the latter class the prognosis may be more favorable, because treatment may be effective if commenced prior to the beginning of the retrogressive metamorphosis.

COURSE, DURATION, AND COMPLICATIONS.--When tabes is a complication of pulmonary or bronchial phthisis, or when either of the latter {1193} diseases appears as an intercurrent affection during the course of a primary localized tuberculosis of these glands, the glandular degeneration runs a more rapid course. When it appears as an extension of external scrofulous affections or finds its cause in gastro-intestinal irritation, its course is usually less rapid. The number of glands involved greatly influences its duration. The mechanical impediment to nutrition offered by a large number of impermeable glands promotes rapid emaciation and exhaustion. The condition of the mucous coat of the alimentary tract offers many considerations that affect its course and duration. Follicular enteritis hastens, and tuberculous ulceration of the mucous membrane speedily brings, the case to a fatal termination.

Some of the older authors refer to the frequent complication of rickets with tabes mesenterica, and the writer in numerous post-mortem examinations of the bodies of children dying of rickets has invariably found cheesy mesenteric glands. In view of the fact that rickets is constantly associated with disturbance of the alimentary tract, it should not be a surprise to find the glands in such close contiguity to, and having vascular communication with, the diseased mucous surface in a condition of hyperplasia. Simple hypertrophy is probably a common complication in cases which terminate by recovery, but there must be some element of cause, other than inflammation of the mucous membrane of the intestines, that determines the retrogressive metamorphosis. Several of the older authors have classed rickets in the category of strumous diseases, and it may be that in the fatal cases tuberculosis of the mesenteric glands is a local expression of this diathesis.

TREATMENT.--The treatment consists, for the most part, in methods of prevention and palliation. The tendency to disease of the lymphatic glands in scrofulous children is so constant that it is important to remove all sources of irritation and to combat all influences likely to hasten or promote the localization of the constitutional condition. All chronic discharges and diseases of the skin and mucous membrane, the continuance of which might produce glandular complications, should be cured as speedily as possible, slight colds should receive prompt attention, and catarrhal inflammations of the respiratory organs should be arrested as quickly as the resources of science will permit. The alimentary tract demands constant and careful observation. Trivial disorders should not be neglected: the causes should be ascertained and removed. Digestion and nutrition should be maintained at a healthy standard. The hygiene of person, dwelling, and sleeping apartments merits constant and intelligent supervision.

As stated above, tabes of the mesenteric glands is so frequently secondary to other diseases of a scrofulous nature that the danger lies in the failure to arrest or cure such affections. It is unfortunately too true that some of them are often beyond the resources of medical skill, but in many cases the initial manifestations of the strumous diathesis are either entirely neglected or inappropriately treated. In many such cases the final and fatal complication of mesenteric phthisis could be prevented. The treatment of these affections belongs properly to the subjects of tuberculosis and scrofula, to be found in other parts of this System of Medicine.

Localized tuberculosis of the mesenteric glands is so often, either {1194} directly or indirectly, connected with catarrhal inflammations of the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane that the cure of these affections cannot be too strongly insisted upon as an effective method of prevention. This is especially true with children exhibiting the physical signs of the strumous diathesis. When it is inherited from a diseased mother, it may be necessary to resort to artificial feeding before the proper time for weaning has been reached. In such cases no uniform rule can be arbitrarily followed. The condition of both mother and child must be considered, and cases will occur which will demand the exercise of the most cautious discretion and diligent observation.

When the disease has become established but little can be accomplished. In such cases the treatment refers to the palliation of symptoms and the maintenance of nutrition. Pain, when present, must be relieved--if necessary by anodynes, either given internally or applied in the form of cataplasms. Most often it is due to the coexisting disease of the intestinal mucous membrane or to the ingestion of unsuitable foods. The diet should be regulated and limited to nutritious and easily-digested articles. Sometimes, even in cases of advanced degeneration of the glands, great benefit may be temporarily obtained by attention to the diet. Diarrhoea should be controlled, but when dependent upon tuberculous ulcerations of the intestinal mucous membrane but little can be done toward delaying the fatal termination. When a large number of glands are affected, it will be necessary to limit the diet to such nutrient fluids as may be absorbed from the stomach.

The medical treatment is confined to a few remedies. Faulty nutrition is the predominant factor, and the drugs employed should be directed to the improvement of the assimilative functions. The lacto-phosphate of iron in the form of syrup, or the phosphates in the form of the compound syrup, sometimes prove valuable tonics. The lacto-phosphate may be given in combination with cod-liver oil. This latter, either internally or by inunction, is the most valuable and universally applicable of all remedies. The mistake is very frequently made of giving too large quantities. Few children can digest as much as a drachm administered three times a day. In Washington it is usually given in the form of the phosphatic emulsion, and has proved in the service of the Children's Hospital a valuable and effective remedy in the nutritional disorders of children. Of the chalybeates, the syrup of the iodide of iron is by far the most valuable; this may be given alone or in combination with cod-liver oil. It is specially indicated when anæmia is a marked characteristic. Some recent reports favor the employment of pancreatized foods. The ointment of the iodide of lead has been highly extolled as a local application to the belly. The nature of the disease should be constantly borne in mind, and all depressing agencies should be sedulously avoided.

{1195}

INDEX TO VOLUME II.

A.

Abdomen, enlargement of, in rachitis, 153 state of, in ascites, 1176 in cancerous peritonitis, 1169 in cirrhosis of liver, 994 in cholera morbus, 722 in chronic peritonitis, 1162 in dysentery, 796, 804 in enteralgia, 661 in intestinal catarrh, 679, 706, 707 in tabes mesenterica, 1190 in tape-worm, 940 tetanic spasm of, in dilatation of stomach, 595 tenderness of, in tubercular peritonitis, 1165, 1166

Abdominal bandage, use of, in dilatation of stomach, 609 belt, use of, in constipation, 654 distension, in acute peritonitis, 1141 glands, disease of, 1182 swelling, in intestinal indigestion, 627 tenderness, in intussusception, 848 veins, abnormal anastomoses of, in thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1096 prominence of, in ascites, 1177

Abortions, frequent, significance, in diagnosis of hereditary syphilis, 310

Abortive treatment of acute gout, 134

Abscess in acute pancreatitis, 1118 in local peritonitis, 1159, 1160 of joints in gout, 116 of liver, 1002 discharge of, into neighboring organs, 1007 influence on causation of acute peritonitis, 1138 in dysentery, 801 of rectum, a cause of fistula in ano, 897 of tonsils, 383 peri-anal and peri-rectal, 703, 895

Abscesses, number, in suppurative hepatitis, 1006 peritoneal, in perforation of simple ulcer of stomach, 499 seat of, in acute peritonitis, 1136 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 817

Acanthocephali, the, 949

Acaris autumnalis of anus, 892

Acetate of lead, use of, in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in purpura, 193 in simple ulcer of stomach, 526

Acetonæmia in diabetes mellitus, 205, 206

Acetone and alcohol in diabetic urine, 209

Acid, lactic, theory of origin of acute rheumatism, 23 nitrate of mercury, use of, in anal fissure and ulcer of rectum, 912 in cancrum oris, 343 salicylic, use of, in acute rheumatism, 51-59 uric, theory of origin of gout from, 112, 113

Acini of pancreas, anatomy, 1113

Acne complicating gout, 121

Aconite, use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 689 in acute pharyngitis, 397, 398 in acute rheumatism, 64 in parenchymatous glossitis, 364 in tonsillitis, 388

Actual cautery, use of, in cancrum oris, 343

Acupuncture in hydatids of liver, 1109

Acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1023

Addison's disease, influence on causation of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700

Adenomata of stomach, 578

Adhesions, formation of, in abscess of liver, 1007 in gastric cancers, 566 peritoneal, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703

Age, influence of, on causation of abscess of liver, 1003 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1024 of amyloid liver, 1041 of ascites, 1176 of biliary calculi, 1063 of cancrum oris, 339 of carcinoma of liver, 1034 of catarrhal stomatitis, 322 of cholera morbus, 720 of cirrhosis of liver, 990 of cirrhosis of stomach, 612 of constipation, 639 of diabetes mellitus, 203 of dilatation of stomach, 592 of functional dyspepsia, 438, 439 of entero-colitis, 732 of fatty liver, 1047 of fistula in ano, 897 of gastric cancer, 534 of gout, 110 of intestinal cancer, 869 of acute intestinal catarrh, 670 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 699 of intestinal indigestion, 623 of intestinal obstruction, 847 of macroglossia, 350 of muscular rheumatism, 74, 75 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 423 of diseases of pancreas, 1114 of parenchymatous glossitis, 360 of phosphorus-poisoning, 1030 of prolapse of rectum, 881 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 764 of rachitis, 141 of rheumatism, 20 of rheumatoid arthritis, 141 of scrofula, 233 of scurvy, 169 of simple ulcer of stomach, 483 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 419 of aphthous stomatitis, 326 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 336 of tabes mesenterica, 1184 of thrush, 332 of tonsillitis, 380 of typhlitis, 815

Agnew's rectal chemise in hemorrhage from rectum, 927

Air, impure, influence on causation of acute intestinal catarrh, 670 of rachitis, 143 of scurvy, 170 of scrofula, 232 vitiated, influence on causation of entero-colitis, 728-730 of tabes mesenterica, 1185, 1186

Albumen in urine of jaundice, 978

Albuminoid degeneration of pancreas, 1128

Albuminuria complicating gout, 123 in diabetes mellitus, 208 in intestinal indigestion, 628 in gastric cancer, 551 influence of, on causation of acute peritonitis, 1138

Alcohol, abuse of, influence on causation of enteralgia, 660 of gout, 111 of gastric cirrhosis, 612 of acute chronic gastritis, 470 of intestinal indigestion, 625 of chronic oesophagitis, 416 of diseases of pancreas, 1114, 1121 of simple gastric ulcer, 488 influence on causation of abscess of liver, 1005 of biliousness, 966 of cirrhosis of liver, 991 of lithæmia, 969 of acute oesophagitis, 410 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 423 of chronic pharyngitis, 402 of acute and chronic intestinal catarrh, 671, 672, 700 use of, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030 in cholera morbus, 725 in cholera infantum, 761 in dysentery, 810 in functional dyspepsia, 439 in entero-colitis, 761 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in intestinal ulcerations, 829 in acute pancreatitis, 1120 in acute pharyngitis, 398 in acute rheumatism, 69

Alcoholism, influence on causation of fatty liver, 1047

Alimentation, hypodermatic, in simple ulcer of stomach, 525 rectal, 928 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 425

Alkalies, use of, in amyloid liver, 1045 in diabetes mellitus, 229 in functional dyspepsia, 458 in enteralgia, 666 in fatty liver, 1050 in gout, 132 in intestinal disorders of rachitis, 161 in acute intestinal catarrh, 693 in lithæmia, 972 in muscular rheumatism, 77 in acute oesophagitis, 416 in acute rheumatism, 60 in scrofula, 252 in simple ulcer of stomach, 527 and salicylates, combined use of, in acute rheumatism, 61

Alkaline carbonates, use of, in chronic gastritis, 477

Almond food, use of, in rickets, 223

Aloes, use of, in constipation, 655 in functional dyspepsia, 458 in hemorrhoids, 923

Alopecia, circumscribed, in rachitis, 156

Alum, use of, in constipation, 656 in enteralgia, 665 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in acute intestinal catarrh, 696

Alvine discharges of cholera morbus, 722

Amenorrhoea, in simple ulcer of stomach, 495

Ammonia, use of, in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1101

Ammonium chloride, use of, in chronic pharyngitis, 406

Amphistomum hominis, 949

Amyloid degeneration, gastric, influence on causation of dilatation of stomach, 590

Amyloid degeneration of mucous membrane in chronic intestinal catarrh, 705

Amyloid liver, 1040

Anæmia in chronic articular rheumatism, 71 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 in gastric cancer, 552 in intestinal indigestion, 629 in tabes mesenterica, 1189 influence of, on causation of chronic gastritis, 471 of functional dyspepsia, 439 of gastralgia, 460 of gastric hemorrhage, 582 of intestinal indigestion, 623 of simple ulcer of stomach, 487 pernicious, influence of, on causation of hemorrhage from bowels, 832

Anæmic murmurs in acute rheumatism, 36

Anasarca, in cirrhosis of liver, 995

Anastomoses of veins, abnormal, in cirrhosis of liver, 996 of abdominal veins, abnormal, in embolism and thrombosis of portal vein, 1096

Anatomy of pancreas, 1112 of rectum and anus, 879

Anatomical peculiarities of scrofulous tissue, 238

Anchylostomum duodenale, 955

Aneurism of gastric vessels in simple ulcer of stomach, 511

Aneurisms, miliary, of stomach, 579

Angina, 390

Angiocholitis from biliary concretions, 1077

Ankylosis following gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 from chronic articular rheumatism, 71 in general rheumatoid arthritis, 81

Annular form of dilatation of oesophagus, 431, 432 of gastric cancer, 562

Anomalies in form and position of stomach, 617

Anodyne applications in rheumatoid arthritis, 100

Antimony-poisoning, as a cause of cirrhosis of the liver, 991 influence of, on causation of fatty liver, 1047

Antiphlogistic treatment of acute gout, 133

Antiseptics, use of, in stomatitis ulcerosa, 338

Antispasmodics, use of, in enteralgia, 665

Anal fissure as a cause of hemorrhage from bowels, 830 fistula, 897 openings, abnormal, 880

Anus, abscess of, 880 imperforate, 877 and rectum, cancer of, 902 fissure of, 888 scrofulous and tuberculous affections of, 901 spasm of, 909 syphilis of, 900 ulceration of, 893

Aorta, aneurismal dilatation from pressure in pancreatic diseases, 1116

Aperient, mineral waters, use of, in functional dyspepsia, 458

Appendix vermiformis, lesions of, in entero-colitis, 738

Appetite, capricious, in cirrhosis of liver, 993 in tabes mesenterica, 1189 impaired, in carcinoma of liver, 1038 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1053 in catarrhal stomatitis, 323 in cholera infantum, 742 in cirrhosis of stomach, 613 in constipation, 646, 647, 853 in dilatation of stomach, 543 in dysentery, 796, 804 in chronic gastritis, 473 in gastric cancer, 538 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 707 in intestinal ulcer, 826 in simple ulcer of stomach, 494 in stomatitis ulcerosa, 339 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 818, 819 state of, in diabetes mellitus, 204 in acute rheumatism, 27 in muscular rheumatism, 76 in rheumatoid arthritis, 83 in scurvy, 177

Aphthous stomatitis, 325 ulcerations in morbid dentition, 373

Armies, prevalence of dysentery among, 785, 786

Arseniate of sodium, use of, in jaundice, 982

Arsenic, effect of, on rectum, 910 use of, in amyloid liver, 1046 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1057 in constipation, 654 in diabetes mellitus, 227 in dilatation of stomach, 609 in enteralgia, 665 in functional dyspepsia, 457 in gastralgia, 462 in hepatic glycosuria, 975 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 715 in lithæmia, 973 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 425 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 in rheumatoid arthritis, 98

Arsenic-poisoning as a cause of cirrhosis of liver, 991 influence of, on causation of fatty liver, 1067

Arteries, increased width of, in rachitis, 139

Arthritis deformans, 84 gonorrhoeal, 102 rheumatoid, 78

Articular symptoms of chronic gout, 121

Articulations, lesions of, in acute rheumatism, 46 condition of, in scurvy, 179

Artificial feeding, influence of, on causation of entero-colitis, 731 production of gastric ulcer, 514

Ascaris lumbricoides, 952 mystax, 954 vermicularis, 950

Ascites, 1173 in cancerous peritonitis, 1169 in carcinoma of liver, 1037 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1126 in cirrhosis of liver, 995 in cirrhosis of liver, treatment, 1001 in echinococcus of liver, 1104 in Filaria sanguinis, 964 in gastric cancer, 553 in hyperæmia of liver, 987 in local peritonitis, 1161 frequency in amyloid liver, 1044 sudden development of, in thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1096

Aspirator, use of, in abscess of liver, 1022 in hydatids of liver, 1107

Astringents, use of, in mercurial stomatitis, 348 in stomatitis ulcerosa, 338

Atmospheric changes, influence of, on causation of tonsillitis, 380

Atonic dyspepsia, 436

Atrophy, acute yellow, of liver, 1023 of abdominal viscera in dilatation of stomach, 600 of gastric walls in dilatation of stomach, 599 of hepatic cells in cirrhosis, 992, 993 of intestinal walls in chronic intestinal catarrh, 704 of kidneys in cirrhosis of liver, 999 of liver in hydatids of, 1102 of liver from occlusion of biliary passages, 1088 of nerve, as a cause of paralysis of oesophagus, 429 of oesophagus in organic stricture, 424 of stomach, 566, 616 of testes in diabetes mellitus, 202 of tongue in chronic parenchymatous glossitis, 367

Auscultatory percussion in ascites, 1174

B.

Bacteria and micrococci in deposits of tonsillitis, 384 influence of, on causation of acute intestinal catarrh, 673 significance of, in cholera infantum, 744

Bandage, use of, in perihepatitis, 990

Bands and loops, formation of, in acute peritonitis, 1153

Bathing in biliary calculus state, 1079 in treatment of constipation, 651, 653 necessity of, in lithæmia, 971 value of, in scrofula, 250

Baths, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 225 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 714, 716 in intestinal indigestion, 632 in gout, 130 in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 107 cold, use of, in acute gastritis, 470 hot, use of, in hepatic colic, 1082 in muscular rheumatism, 77 in rachitis, 163 in rheumatoid arthritis, 99 hot sand, use of, in local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, 101 local vapor, use of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 100 mineral, use of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 99 mud, in rheumatoid arthritis, 100 warm and cold, use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 692 salt, in rachitis, 163

Beading of ribs in rachitis, 152

Beef-essences, use of, in intestinal indigestion, 633

Beef-tea, use of, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 754 in rachitis, 161

Beef tape-worm, 933

Belladonna, use of, in cancerous peritonitis, 1122 in constipation, 458, 654 in enteralgia, 665 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 421

Benzoate of sodium, use of, in intestinal indigestion, 636

Benzoic acid, use of, in acute rheumatism, 62

Bifid tongue, 349

Bile, action of, in digestion, 621 composition of, 1062 in pus of hepatic abscesses, 1007 in urine, tests for, 978

Bile-ducts, catarrh of, 1051

Biliary calculi, 1058 seat, 1066 origin and development, 1061-1063 number, shape, and composition, 1059-1061 impaction of, 1074 treatment of, 1079 fistulæ, 1068, 1074 form of intestinal indigestion, diagnosis, 631 passages, affections of. See Liver, Diseases of. occlusion of, 1082

Biliousness, 965

Bill of fare for diabetics, 221

Bilharzia hæmatobia, 948

Bismuth subnitrate, use of, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 759 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030 in cancer of stomach, 576 in cholera morbus, 725 in functional dyspepsia, 457 in gastralgia, 463 in chronic gastritis, 478 in acute intestinal catarrh, 693 in vomiting of abscess of liver, 1021 in simple ulcer of stomach, 523

Bitartrate of potassium, use of, in ascites, 1179

Bitter waters, use of, in intestinal indigestion, 636

Black pepper, use of, in hemorrhoids, 923 in proctitis, 919 in intestinal ulcer, 827 stools in cancer of stomach, 550 tongue. See Glossitis parasitica.

Bladder and kidneys, influence of, on causation of gastralgia, 460

Bleeding, use of, in intestinal obstruction, 864

Blindness in scurvy, 181

Blisters, use of, in acute rheumatism, 63, 68 in cirrhosis of liver, 1002 in rheumatoid arthritis, 100, 101

Blood, alterations of, in diabetes mellitus, 206 coagulable state of, as a cause of thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1095 lesions, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1029 in cholera morbus, 721 in gout, 115 in acute rheumatism, 31 in scurvy, 173 extravasation of, into skin in scurvy, 178 presence of fat in, in diabetes mellitus, 206, 207 watery condition of, in cirrhosis of liver, 995

Bloodletting, use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 690 in acute peritonitis, 1145

Blood-vessels, disease of, as a cause of hemorrhage from bowels, 832 lesions of, in diabetes mellitus, 200 in gout, 117 in acute peritonitis, 1133

Bloody stools in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708

Boiled-sago matter in stools of dysentery, 803

Boils, complicating diabetes mellitus, 205 and carbuncles in jaundice, 980

Bones, disease of, in hereditary syphilis, 286 lesions of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 87 in scurvy, 172, 179 of extremities, curvature of, in rachitis, 155 of face, alterations of, in rachitis, 150 rachitic, composition of, 138

Borborygmi in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 in intestinal indigestion, 627

Bothriocephalus cordatus, 939 cristatus, 939 latus, 938

Bougies, use of, in cancer of rectum, 914 in non-malignant rectal stricture, 917 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 425 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 422 in sphincterismus, 916

Bowels, compression and contraction of, as a cause of intestinal obstruction, 857 hemorrhage from, 830 increased weight of, as a cause of acute intestinal strangulation, 841 irregular, in cancer of intestines, 869 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1100 state of, in biliousness, 966 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1054, 1055 in cirrhosis of liver, 993 in enteralgia, 661 in lithæmia, 970 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706

Brain, condition of, in dysentery, 804 disease, organic, distinguished from lithæmia, 917 lesions of, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1026 in entero-colitis, 740 in acute intestinal catarrh, 677 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 in scurvy, 172 and membranes, lesions of, in acute rheumatism, 39 and meninges, condition of, in rachitis, 148, 149 and spinal cord, organic disease of, influence on causation of enteralgia, 658

Bran bread, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 223

Breast-milk, poor, influence of, on causation of entero-colitis, 731

Breath, in cancrum oris, 340 in scurvy, 177 fetor of, in catarrhal stomatitis, 323

Bright's disease, as a cause of chronic intestinal catarrh, 699 complicating chronic intestinal catarrh, 710

Bromide of ammonium, use of, in acute rheumatism, 62 of arsenic, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 247 of lithium, use of, in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 of potassium, use of, in cholera infantum and entero-colitis, 759 in diabetes mellitus, 227 in enteralgia, 665 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 421 and sodium, use of, in rachitis, 163 of sodium, use of, in cholera morbus, 725 in gastralgia, 463 in acute intestinal catarrh, 698

Bronchial catarrh in trichinosis, 960 and tracheal catarrh, frequency of, in rachitis, 152

Bronchitis complicating gout, 122 chronic, complicating chronic intestinal catarrh, 709

Broncho-pneumonia, frequency of, in rachitis, 153

Bronzing of skin in diseases of pancreas, 1117

Buboes, in Filaria sanguinis, 963

Burning in gullet in phosphorus-poisoning, 1031 sensation in epigastrium in chronic gastritis, 473

Burns, external, influence on causation of acute intestinal catarrh, 670 of skin, influence on causation of intestinal ulcers, 824 of simple ulcer of stomach, 488

Bursitis, gonorrhoeal, symptoms of, 105

Buttermilk, use of, in treatment of acute intestinal catarrh, 691

C.

Cachexia in gastric cancer, 552 in intestinal cancer, 871 of scurvy, 176 influence on causation of fatty liver, 1047

Cæcum, suppuration of, as a cause of suppurative pylephlebitis, 1098

Calcification, defective, in rachitis, causes of, 138, 139 of gastric vessels, in simple ulcer of stomach, 511

Calculi, biliary, 1058 passage of, as a cause of occlusion of biliary passages, 1083 pancreatic, 1130

Calf's pancreas, infusion of, preparation, 1122

Calibre of intestines, alteration of, in chronic catarrh, 700

Calomel, use of, in Anchylostomum duodenale, 956 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1056 in cholera morbus, 725 in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 760 in acute gastritis, 469 in acute intestinal catarrh, 695 in jaundice, 982

Camphor, use of, in cholera morbus, 725 in acute intestinal catarrh, 698 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 421

Cancer as a cause of stricture of bowels, 855 of bile-ducts, relation to biliary concretions, 1077 of gall-bladder as a cause of occlusion of common biliary duct, 1085 of intestines, 868 of liver, 1033 of oesophagus, 426 of rectum and anus, 902 of stomach, 530 and ulcer of stomach, influence on causation of chronic intestinal pancreatitis, 1121

Cancrum oris, 338

Capillary congestion in acute intestinal catarrh, 677

Carbohydrates, avoidance of, in dietetic treatment of gout, 128

Carbolic acid, use of, in cholera infantum, 761 in cholera morbus, 725 in entero-colitis, 761 in functional dyspepsia, 459 in acute intestinal catarrh, 696 in pruritus ani, 917 in tuberculous pharyngitis, 402

Carbonate of potassium with lemon-juice, in ascites, 1178

Carbonic acid, distension of stomach by, in diagnosis of gastric dilatation, 596, 601 water, use of, in chronic oesophagitis, 417

Carbuncle of tongue, 368

Carbuncles complicating diabetes mellitus, 205

Carcinoma, of pancreas, 1123 influence of, on causation of dilatation of stomach, 587 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 423 of pylorus and duodenum, as a cause of obstruction of pancreatic duct, 1130 ventriculi, 530

Cardiac affections complicating gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 in acute rheumatism, 28, 31 disease, chronic influence of, on causation of chronic oesophagitis, 416 of functional dyspepsia, 448 murmurs in purpura rheumatica, 189 orifice, obstruction of, in gastric cancer, 566 palpitation in constipation, 647

Cardialgia, 459 in functional dyspepsia, 449

Caries of vertebræ, influence of, on causation of chronic oesophagitis, 416

Carlsbad water, artificial, mode of preparing, 522 use of, in chronic gastritis, 477 in dilatation of stomach, 609 in simple ulcer of stomach, 522

Cartilages, lesions of, in gout, 115 in acute rheumatism, 47 in chronic articular rheumatism, 70 of joints, lesions of, in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 103 in rheumatoid arthritis, 87

Cascara sagrada, use of, in constipation, 656

Caseation of cells in scrofula, 239

Castor oil, use of, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 774

Casts, epithelial, in acute oesophagitis, 412

Catarrh, acute gastric, 463 chronic gastric, 470 of middle ear in hereditary syphilis, 282 tendency to, in scrofula, 245

Catarrhal gastritis, complicating simple ulcer of stomach, 502 pneumonia, frequency of, in rachitis, 153 stomatitis, 321 ulcers in acute intestinal catarrh, 676 ulcers of stomach, 529

Cathartics, abuse of, influence on causation of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 use of, in ascites, 1179 in enteralgia, 665 in gout, 131

Caustic drinks, influence of, on causation of organic stricture of oesophagus, 422 potash, use of, in hemorrhoids, 926

Cauterization, use of, in prolapsus ani, 919 in ulceration of oesophagus, 418 value of, in cancrum oris, 343

Cautery, actual, use of, in cancrum oris, 343

Cell-degeneration in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1025 hepatic, in phosphorus-poisoning, 1031

Cell-growth, excessive, in scrofula, 238

Cell-proliferation, increased, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703

Cells, caseation of, in scrofula, 239 fatty degeneration of, in scrofula, 239 of liver, atrophy of, in cirrhosis, 992, 993

Cellular growth, increased, in acute intestinal catarrh, 677

Cerebral disease, influence of, on causation of constipation, 641 hemorrhage complicating constipation, 648 inflammation, tendency to, from gastric irritation, 474 sclerosis in cirrhosis of liver, 999 symptoms of entero-colitis and cholera infantum, treatment, 759 of acute gastritis, 467 syphilis, hereditary, 304

Cerebro-spinal axis, disease of, influence on causation of oesophageal paralysis, 429

Cerium oxalate, use of, in cancer of stomach, 576

Cestodes, 931

Chancroids as a cause of follicular ulceration of rectum and anus, 895

Change of air, in cholera infantum and entero-colitis, 746, 756 value of, in dysentery, 813 of climate, benefit from, in rheumatoid arthritis, 102 value of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 688 in intestinal indigestion, 632 of residence, value of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 715, 716

Charcoal, use of, in chronic gastritis, 478 in gastric cancer, 576

Cheek, perforation of, in cancrum oris, 341, 342

Cheesy degeneration of mesenteric glands in tabes mesenterica, 1187

Chemical theory of origin of gout, 112

Chemise, Agnew's rectal, in rectal hemorrhage, 927

Chest, alterations of, in rachitis, 152

Chilblains, tendency of scrofulous persons to, 245

Children, constipation in, treatment, 656 acute rheumatism in, peculiarities, 49

Chills in acute pharyngitis, 395 in hepatic abscess, 1008 in hepatic colic, 1071, 1072 in peri-rectal and anal abscesses, 896 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1099 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 818

Chloasma cachecticorum, 552

Chloral, use of, in acute rheumatism, 65 in hepatic colic, 1082 in rachitis, 163 hypodermatically, use of, in cholera morbus, 725

Chloride of gold, use of, in amyloid liver, 1046 and sodium, use of, in cirrhosis of liver, 1001

Chlorodyne, use of, in hepatic colic, 1082

Chloroform, use of, in cholera morbus, 725 in enteralgia, 665 in hepatic colic, 1082 in pruritus ani, 917 as a solvent of biliary calculi, 1081

Chlorosis, influence of, on causation of simple ulcer of stomach, 487

Cholæmia in abscess of liver, 1010 in occlusion of biliary passages, 1091

Cholagogues, use of, in lithæmia, 972 in fatty liver, 1050 in hyperæmia of liver, 988

Cholate of sodium, use of, in biliary calculi, 1081

Cholera, effect of, on rectum, 910

Choleraic diarrhoea in acute intestinal catarrh, 682 form of acute intestinal catarrh, treatment, 698

Cholera infantum, 744

CHOLERA MORBUS, 719 Synonyms, 719 Definition, 719 History, 719 Nature, 720 Niemeyer's views of, 720 Nervous origin, 720 Specific origin, 720 Relation to cholera infantum, 720 Etiology, 720 Predisposing causes, 720 Climate, 720 Geographical distribution, 720 Age, 720 Sex, 720 Exhaustion of nervous system, 720 Extreme heat, 720 Mental anxiety, 721 Exciting causes, 721 Septic material from fermentation of food, 721 Improper food, 721 Unripe fruit, 721 Ice-water, 721 Deficient gastric juice, 721 Offensive exhalations, 721 Nervous disturbance from other diseases, 721 Malaria, 721 Sewer-gas, 721 Morbid anatomy, 721 Signs of gastro-intestinal catarrh, 721 Mucous membrane, lesions, 721 Solitary glands, swelling of, 721 Peyer's patches, swelling of, 721 Blood, lesions of, 721 Kidneys, lesions of, 722 Muscular degeneration, 722 Symptoms, 722 Mode of onset, 722 Vomiting, 722 Vomit, characters, 722 Borborygmi, 722 Alvine discharges, 722 Stools, character of, 722 Pain, 722 Cramps, 722 Abdomen, state of, 722 Skin, state of, 722 Physiognomy, 722 Collapse, 722 Mental state, 722 Pulse, 723 Urine, condition of, 723 Temperature, 723 Progress and termination, 723 Tendency to recovery, 723 Mode of death, 723 Duration, 723 Diagnosis, 723 From epidemic cholera, 723 From irritant poisoning, 723 From uræmic choleriform attacks, 724 From acute peritonitis, 724 Prognosis, 724 Mortality, 724 Treatment, 724 Preventive, 724 of vomiting, 725 of heart-weakness, 725 of thirst, 725 Use of emetics, 724 of morphia, hypodermatically, 724 of friction, 724 of alcohol, 725 of ice, 725 of chloroform, 725 of opium, 725 of camphor, 725 of chloral, hypodermatically, 725 of carbolic acid, 725 of bromide of sodium, 725 of hydrocyanic acid, 725 of bismuth, 725 of calomel, 725 Diet, 725

Choleriform diarrhoea, 741

Chordo-tympani nerve, relation to causation of parenchymatous glossitis, 363

Chorea following acute rheumatism, 38 from Oxyuris vermicularis, 951

Chromic acid, use of, in syphilitic pharyngitis, 408

Chronic articular rheumatism, 69 hydrarthrosis of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 105 gastritis, 470 glossitis, 366 gout, 120 intestinal pancreatitis, 1121 catarrh, 699 oesophagitis, 416 peritonitis, complicating simple ulcer of stomach, 502 pharyngitis, 402 form of catarrhal stomatitis, 323 of dysentery, 800 of peri-rectal and anal abscess, 896 variety of general progressive form of rheumatoid arthritis, 81

Chyluria in Filaria sanguinis, 963

Chyme, composition of, 621

Cicatricial contraction a cause of organic stricture of oesophagus, 422

Cicatrization in simple ulcer of stomach, 506 in syphilitic pharyngitis, 407 of gastric ulcer as a cause of hypertrophic stenosis of pylorus, 615 of ulcers as a cause of stricture of bowel, 855 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703 influence on causation of occlusion of common biliary duct, 1083 of gastric cancer, 563

Cider, influence of, on causation of gout, 111

Circulation, deficient, in scrofula, 245

Cirrhosis of kidneys in gout, 117 of liver. See Liver, Diseases of. of stomach, 611 influence on causation of dilatation of stomach, 590

Clamp and cautery, removal of hemorrhoids by, 925 use of, in rectal polypi, 921

Cleanliness, want of, influence on causation of thrush, 332

Clergyman's sore throat, 402

Climate, change of, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 756 influence on causation of abscess of liver, 1002 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 of cholera morbus, 720 of dysentery, 786 of hyperæmia of liver, 983 of acute intestinal catarrh, 669 of rachitis, 143 of rheumatism, acute, 19 of scrofula, 233 of simple ulcer of stomach, 485 warm, in treatment of gout, 131

Closure of hepatic vein as a cause of cirrhosis of liver, 991

Clothing, importance of proper, for prevention of chronic articular rheumatism, 73 proper, necessity of, for prevention of muscular rheumatism, 77

Clubbing of fingers in scrofula, 246

Codeia, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 226 in simple ulcer of stomach, 524

Cod-liver oil, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 228 in intestinal indigestion, 637 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 718 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 776 in rachitis, 162 in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 in rheumatoid arthritis, 98 in scrofula, 252 in tabes mesenterica, 1194

Coffee, iced, use of, in intestinal catarrh of children, 698

Coffee-grounds vomit in gastric cancer, 546 in simple ulcer of stomach, 493

Colchicum, use of, in acute gout, 134

Cold, influence of, on causation of oesophageal paralysis, 429 of enteralgia, 658 of dysentery, 789, 790 of acute intestinal catarrh, 670 use of, in enteralgia, 665 in acute rheumatism, 66 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 and damp, influence on causation of acute pharyngitis, 390 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 of jaundice, 977 of parenchymatous glossitis, 359 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 of acute oesophagitis, 410 of rheumatism, acute, 22 of chronic rheumatism, 70 of muscular rheumatism, 75 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 103 of rheumatoid arthritis, 88, 90, 91 baths, in acute gastritis, 470

Cold-water injections, in hemorrhoids, 924

Colic, dry, 662 hepatic, 1058, 1070 intestinal. See Enteralgia. nervous, 662 in acute intestinal catarrh, 679, 682

Colitis, 667, 683

Collapse in acute pancreatitis, 1119 in acute intestinal catarrh, 682 in cholera morbus, 722 in enteralgia, 662 in hemorrhage from bowels, 833 in hemorrhage into pancreas, 1129 in hepatic colic, 1071 in perforation of simple gastric ulcer, 498

Colles' law of infection of mother by syphilitic children, 263

Colloid cancer of intestine, 868 degeneration of gastric walls, in dilatation of stomach, 600 form of gastric cancer, 564 of cancer of oesophagus, 426

Colocynth, use of, in constipation, 655 in functional dyspepsia, 458

Colon, congenital stricture of, 836 dilatation of, in constipation, 644 displacement of, in constipation, 643 increased length of, in constipation, 644 lesions, in entero-colitis, 738 ulcers of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 702 and rectum, dilatation of, from fecal impaction, 852

Colotomy, lumbar, for cancer of rectum, 915, 916

Coma, dyspnoeic, in gastric cancer, 554 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1027 in acute rheumatism, 38 in cirrhosis of liver, 999 in diabetes mellitus, 204, 205 in dilatation of stomach, 596

Complications of biliary concretions, 1076 of cancrum oris, 341 of constipation, 648 of diabetes mellitus, 210 of gastric cancer, 560 of gout, 121 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 of mercurial stomatitis, 346 of acute oesophagitis, 414 of chronic oesophagitis, 417 of parenchymatous glossitis, 362 of syphilitic pharyngitis, 407 of purpura, 190 of acute rheumatism, 31 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 of rheumatoid arthritis, 83-86 of Heberden's nodosities of rheumatoid arthritis, 86 of simple ulcer of stomach, 502 of tonsillitis, 383 of tabes mesenterica, 1193 and sequelæ of aphthous stomatitis, 329 of dysentery, 805

Compression, use of, in hypertrophy of tongue, 353 and contraction of bowel as a cause of intestinal obstruction, 857

Conception, infection of child with syphilis at moment of, 262, 267

Condensed milk, use of, in cholera infantum, 754 in entero-colitis, 754

Condurango, use of, in gastric cancer, 576

Condylomata in hereditary syphilis, 279 of rectum and anus, 901

Confluent form of aphthous stomatitis, 329

Congenital deficiency of tongue, 348, 349 nature of macroglossia, 350 malformations of rectum and anus, 879 origin of dilatation of oesophagus, 430 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 422 rachitis, 141-143

Congestion of lungs in acute rheumatism, 37 passive and active, as a cause of hemorrhage from stomach, 581

Conium, use of, in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 421

Connective tissue, hyperplasia of, in chronic intestinal pancreatitis, 1122 increase of, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1025 new, development of, in cirrhosis of liver, 992

Consanguineous marriages, influence on causation of scrofula, 234

Consistence of liver in amyloid disease of, 1042

CONSTIPATION, 638 Synonyms, 638 Nature, 638, 639 Definition, 638, 639 Etiology, 639 Age, 639 Female sex, 639, 640 Heredity, 640 Habit, 640 Occupation, 640 sedentary, 640 Acute and chronic brain disease, 641 Abuse of aperients, 641 opium, 641 Lead-poisoning, 641 Tobacco, 641 Chronic pulmonary disease, 641 heart disease, 641 liver disease, 641 Painful disease of rectum, 642 Chronic cachexiæ, 642 Wasting diseases, 642 Disorders of digestion, 642 Pancreatic disease, 642 Loss of fluids, 642 by perspiration, 642 by diuresis, 642 by diabetes, 642 by exercise, 643 Food, 643 Intestinal worms, 643 Morbid anatomy, 643 Displacement of colon, 643 Dilatation of intestines, 643 of sigmoid flexure, 643 of colon, 644 Increased length of colon, 644 Mucous membrane, intestinal, lesions of, 644 Ulcers of intestines, 644 Thinning of intestinal walls, 644 Hypertrophy of intestinal walls, 644 Fecal accumulations, 644 character, 645 Scybalæ, formation of, 645 Hemorrhoidal tumors, 645 Peri-rectal abscesses, 645 Fistulæ, 645 Symptoms, 645 Fulness and heat of rectum, 645 Appetite, impaired, 646, 647 Tongue, state, 646, 647 Flatulence, 646, 647 Abdominal distension, 646, 647 pain, 646 Stools, character, 646 Cold feet, 646 Pain in groin, 646 Varicocele, 646 Seminal emissions, 646 Urinary retention, 646 Jaundice, 646 Uterine displacements, 647 Nervous symptoms, 647 Vertigo, 647 Headache, 646, 647 Visual disorders, 647 Disorders of hearing, 647 Heart-palpitation, 647 Chilliness, 647 Menstrual disorders, 647 Anæmia and chlorosis, 647 Mental depression, 647 Hallucinations, 647 Relation of displacements of colon to suicide, 647 Fever, 647, 648 Urine, state of, 648 Skin disorders, 648 Complications and results, 648 Ulceration of intestinal mucous membrane, 648 Abscess, peri-rectal, 648 Fistulæ, 648 Hemorrhoids, 648 Intussusception, 648 Typhlitis and perityphlitis, 648 Hæmoptysis, 648 Cerebral hemorrhage, 648 Hernia, 648 Death, cause of, 649 Diagnosis, 649 From secondary constipation, 649 From rectal growths and tumors, 649 From stricture, 649 From abdominal tumors, 649, 650 From obstruction by gall-stones, 649 Of stercoral tumors, 649, 650 physical signs, 650 Prognosis, 650 Treatment, 651 Prophylactic, 651 Exercise, 651, 653 Bathing, 651 Acute form, 651 Use of purgatives, 651 enemata, 651 Chronic form, 652 Diet, 652 Use of milk, 652 Of atony of colon, 653 Use of bathing, 653 of massage, 653 of cold douche, 653 of electricity, 653 of abdominal belt, 654 of diet, 654 of mineral waters, 652, 653, 655 of strychnia, 654 of iron, 654 of belladonna, 654 of arsenic, 654 of ipecacuanha, 654 of zinc salts, 655 of enemata, 655 of cold water, 655 of water, 655 of podophyllin, 655 of rhubarb, 655 of aloes, 655 of colocynth, 655 of ox-gall, 655 of salines, 655 of Epsom salts, 655 of Rochelle salts, 655 of purgatives, mode, 656 of cascara sagrada, 656 of alum, 656 of sulphur, 656 of guaiacum, 656 of colchicum, 656 of senna, 656 of tonics, 657 In children and infants, 656 Diet, 656 Objections to vegetables, 654 Use of soap suppository, tonics, 656, 657

Constipation due to disease of spinal cord, 906 in cancer of intestine, 891 in dilatation of stomach, 594 in fissure of anus and rectum, 888 in functional dyspepsia, 450 in gastric cancer, 550 in chronic gastritis, 475 in gout, 118 in hepatic colic, 1072 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 in intestinal indigestion, 627 in acute pancreatitis, 1119 in acute peritonitis, 1141 in acute rheumatism, 27 in rheumatoid arthritis, 83 in simple ulcer of stomach, 494, 495 in tabes mesenterica, 1190 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 819 significance of, in rachitis, 154 influence on causation of enteralgia, 658 of functional dyspepsia, 447 of hemorrhage from bowels, 830 of internal hemorrhoids, 884 of acute intestinal catarrh, 671 of intestinal indigestion, 625 of rectal prolapse, 881 of typhlitis, 814 as a cause of intestinal obstruction, 850 as a cause of torsion of cæcum, 853

Constitutional peculiarity, influence on causation of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 treatment of cancer of oesophagus, 428 of cancrum oris, 343 of enteralgia, 665 of mercurial stomatitis, 348

Contagiousness of dysentery, 793, 794 of scurvy, 169 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 336 of thrush, 332

Contraction of stomach in gastric cirrhosis, 613

Convalescence in entero-colitis, 736 in acute gastritis, treatment of, 470 in acute rheumatism, treatment of, 169 of simple ulcer of stomach, treatment of, 529 of typhlitis, treatment of, 822

Convulsions in enteralgia, 662 in chronic gastritis, 474 in hepatic colic, 1071 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1027 in morbid dentition, 374 in occlusion of biliary ducts, 1092 in acute oesophagitis, 414 in rachitis, 149 in rachitis, treatment of, 163, 164 in acute rheumatism, 38 in scurvy, 180 relation of, to macroglossia, 350

Cooking, defective, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 445 necessity of thorough, in trichinosis, 962

Co-ordination of muscles of defecation, loss of, treatment of, 916

Copaiba, use of, in hemorrhoids, 923 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 718 in cirrhosis of liver, 1001 in proctitis, 919 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775

Copper sulphate, use of, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1033

Cornea in interstitial keratitis of hereditary syphilis, 299 lesions of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706

Corneal ulceration complicating chronic intestinal catarrh, 710

Cornil and Ranvier on causes of scrofulous inflammation, 239

Corrosive poisons, influence on causation of acute gastritis, 465 of simple ulcer of stomach, 486 sublimate, use of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 717 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1101

Coryza of hereditary syphilis, 277

Cough in functional dyspepsia, 451 in acute pharyngitis, 394 in chronic pharyngitis, 404 in tuberculous pharyngitis, 401

Coughing, influence on causation of prolapse of rectum, 881

Counter-irritation, use of, in cirrhosis of liver, 1002 in acute and chronic gastritis, 469, 479 in acute intestinal catarrh, 688, 690, 698 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 422 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 776 in simple ulcer of stomach, 524

Course of biliary concretions, 1076 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1029 of amyloid liver, 1044 of carcinoma of liver, 1039 of cirrhosis of liver, 998 of functional diseases of liver, 967, 970, 974, 981 of hyperæmia of liver, 987 of occlusion of biliary passages, 1092 of phosphorus-poisoning, 1032 of perihepatitis, 989 of suppurative pylephlebitis, 1101 of hereditary syphilis, 273 of intestinal indigestion, 630 of cancer of stomach, 538 of dilatation of stomach, 603 of simple ulcer of stomach, 500 of acute rheumatism, 44 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106

Cow's milk, impure, influence on causation of entero-colitis, 731 composition, 749, 750

Cramps in cholera morbus, 722 in diabetes mellitus, 206 muscular, in muscular rheumatism, 75

Craniotabes, occurrence of, in rachitis, 147

Creasote, use of, in enteralgia, 666 in vomiting of abscess of liver, 1021 in treatment of liver-flukes, 1110

Cretaceous degeneration of mesenteric glands in tabes mesenterica, 1189

Croton oil, effect on rectum, 910

Croupous nature of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 767, 768

Cry, peculiarity of, in thrush, 334

Cryptogam as a cause of mycotic tonsillitis, 381

Cubebs, use of, in chronic pharyngitis, 406 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775

Cutaneous affections complicating acute rheumatism, 42 rheumatoid arthritis, 84 eruptions of anus, 892

Cyanotic atrophy of liver, 985

Cylinder-cell epithelioma, common form of intestinal cancer, 871

Cylindrical-celled epithelial form of gastric cancer, 564

Cynanche tonsillaris, 379

Cysts of echinococci of liver (description), 1102 of hydatids of liver, contents, 1103 of mucous membrane of stomach, 579 of false membrane, in acute peritonitis, 1135 of Tænia echinococcus, character, 944 formation and origin of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 704 formation of, from obstruction of pancreatic ducts, 1130

Cystic duct, occlusion of, effects of, 1085

Cystitis and orchitis complicating acute rheumatism, 42

D.

Dactylitis in hereditary syphilis, 291

Daettwyler's and Cohnheim's experiments in artificial production of gastric ulcers, 514

Death, cause of, in cancrum oris, 341 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 in constipation, 649 in dilatation of oesophagus, 432 in entero-colitis, 736 in gastric cancer, 559 in mercurial stomatitis, 347 in thrush, 334 in simple ulcer of stomach, causes of, 502 mode of, in cholera morbus, 723 in dilatation of stomach, 603 sudden, cause of, in acute rheumatism, 50

Debility in gastric cancer, 551 in tabes mesenterica, 1189 influence of, on causation of aphthous stomatitis, 326

Defecation, difficult, in cancer of rectum and anus, 904

Definition of ankyloglossia, 349 of biliousness, 965 of biliary concretions, 1058 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 of occlusion of biliary passages, 1082 of cancrum oris, 338 of cholera morbus, 719 of constipation, 638, 639 of diabetes mellitus, 195 of dysentery, 777 of functional dyspepsia, 436 of enteralgia, 658 of gastralgia, 459 of acute gastric catarrh, 463 of chronic gastritis, 470 of glossitis, 354, 355, 357, 359, 367 of glossanthrax, 368 of gout, 108 of hepatic glycosuria, 973 of cancer of intestines, 868 of intestinal ulcer, 823 of jaundice, 975 of abscess of liver, 1002 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1023 of amyloid liver, 1040 of carcinoma of liver, 1033 of cirrhosis of liver, 990 of echinococcus of liver, 1101 of fatty liver, 1046 of hyperæmia of liver, 983 of macroglossia, 349 of morbid dentition, 371 of oesophagitis, 409 of chronic oesophagitis, 416 of carcinoma of oesophagus, 426 of dilatation of oesophagus, 430 of stricture of oesophagus, 419, 422 of ulceration of oesophagus, 418 of paralysis of oesophagus, 429 of perihepatitis, 989 of acute pharyngitis, 390 of chronic pharyngitis, 402 of tubercular pharyngitis, 400 of phosphorus-poisoning, effect on liver, 1030 of purpura, l86, 187 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 763 of rheumatism, acute, 19 of chronic articular rheumatism, 69 of muscular rheumatism, 74 of rachitis, 137 of scrofula, 231, 232 of scurvy, 167 of cancer of stomach, 530 of cirrhosis of stomach, 611 of dilatation of stomach, 586 of acute dilatation of stomach, 610 of hemorrhage from stomach, 580 of simple ulcer of stomach, 480 of stomatitis, 321 of aphthous stomatitis, 325 of catarrhal stomatitis, 321 of mercurial stomatitis, 344 of toxic stomatitis, 344 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 336 of stomatorrhagia, 370 of tabes mesenterica, 1182 of thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1095 of thrush, 331 of tonsillitis, 379

Deformities in chronic gout, 121 of rachitis, treatment, 165, 166 of joints in chronic variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 81, 82 in partial form of rheumatoid arthritis, 85, 86

Deformity in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 104

Degeneration of pancreas, 1128 of liver, fatty, 1046 fatty and amyloid, of gastric walls, in functional dyspepsia, 451 fatty and colloid, of gastric walls, in dilatation of stomach, 600 lardaceous, of intestine, 874 of vessels in lardaceous disease of intestines, 876

Deglutition, difficult, in parenchymatous glossitis, 361 in tuberculous pharyngitis, 401 in aphthous stomatitis, 329 in mercurial stomatitis, 345 in tonsillitis, 381 impediment to, in organic stricture of oesophagus, 423 painful, in acute oesophagitis, 413 slow, in oesophageal paralysis, 429

Dejecta, influence of, on causation of dysentery, 791, 792

Delirium of enteralgia, 662 in acute intestinal catarrh, 681 in acute internal strangulation of intestines, 843 in acute peritonitis, 1142 in acute rheumatism, 37, 38

Delirium ferox, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1027

Demulcent drinks, use of, in acute gastritis, 469

DENTITION, MORBID, 371 Definition, 371 Synonyms, 371 Etiology and symptoms, 371 Teeth, order of normal eruption of, 372 precipitate eruption of, 372 tardy eruption of, 372 rachitis as a cause of tardy eruption of, 372 Mild cases, initial symptoms, 373 increase of saliva, 373 general, 373 Ulcerations, aphthous, 373 at point of eruption, 373 Stomatitis, catarrhal, 373 Pain, 373 Heat and tumefaction of gum, 373 Constitutional, 374 Reflex nervous symptoms, 374 Convulsions, 374 characters of, 374 cause of, 374 Paralyses, 375 Idiocy, 375 Gastro-intestinal disorders, 374 causes, 374 mechanical, 374 Otitis media, 375 Conjunctivitis, 375 Second dentition, 375 Teeth, order of eruption, 375 Symptoms, 375 Nervous system, 376 Gastro-intestinal tract, 375 Wisdom teeth, eruption of, 376 Symptoms of, 376 Diagnosis, 376 Prognosis, 376 Treatment, 376 Preventive, 376 Avoidance of cold, 376 Diet, 377 Complications, 377 Aphthous ulcerations, 377 Local, 377 Use of lancet, 377 Method of incision, 378 contraindications, 378

Dentition, influence on causation of macroglossia, 350 of aphthous stomatitis, 326 of catarrhal stomatitis, 322 of tabes mesenterica, 1186 relation to entero-colitis, 733

Deposit of thrush, microscopic appearance of, 333 in herpetic or membranous form of pharyngitis, nature of, 392

Deposits in tonsillitis, nature of, 384

Depressing emotions, influence of, on causation of scurvy, 169 of cancer of stomach, 536

Depression, mental, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 of spirits in functional dyspepsia, 451 of vital powers in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765, 766

Dermalgia distinguished from enteralgia, 664

Desquamation of tongue in parenchymatous glossitis, 361

Deuteropathic form of tonsillitis, 380

Development of gastric ulcer, influence of digestive action of gastric juice upon, 512

Diabetes, influence on causation of constipation, 642

DIABETES MELLITUS, 195 Definition, 195 Etiology, 203 Nervous shock, influence on causation, 203 Mental anxiety, influence on causation, 203 Malaria, influence on causation, 203 Injury, influence on causation, 203 Heredity, influence on causation, 203 Sexual excess, influence on causation, 203 Age, influence on causation, 203 Sex, influence on causation, 203 Race, influence on causation, 204 Geographical distribution, 203 Pathology and pathogenesis, 195 Hyperæmia of liver, relation of, to, 195 causes of, 195-199 Diabetic area of medulla oblongata, result of puncture, 195 Glycosuria, artificial methods of production, 195-199 Glycogenic influence, pathology of, 196 Sympathetic nerve, relation of, to production of glycosuria, 196 Glycosuria, artificial, irritative nature of, 198 Vaso-motor nerves, influence on production of glycosuria, 196-199 Glycosuria, production of, from medicinal substances, 198 Pavy's chemical theory of production of glycosuria, 199 Morbid anatomy, 199 Nervous system, lesions of, 200 Dickinson's alterations of nervous centres, 200 Blood-vessels, lesions of, 200 Pancreas, lesions of, 200 nature of lesions, 200 disease of, relation to causation, 201 Liver, enlargement of, 201 lesions of, 201 Kidneys, lesions of, 202 Testes, atrophy of, 202 Lungs, lesions of, 202 Phthisis, complicating nature of, 202 Symptoms, 204 Initial, 204 Thirst, 204 Dryness of skin, 204 Loss of weight, 204 Pruritus of genitalia, 204 Muscular weakness, 204 Sexual appetite, loss of, 204 Appetite, 204 Dyspepsia, 204 Vision, disorders of, 204 Hearing, disorders of, 205 Temperature, 204 Carbuncles and boils, 205 Ulcerated surfaces, 205 Eczema of genitalia, 205 Urethritis, 205 Coma, 204, 205 causes of, 205, 206 mode of onset, 205 Acetonæmia, 205, 206 Nervous symptoms, 205, 206 Cramps, 206 Facial paralysis, 206 Neuralgia, 206 Blood, alterations of, 206 presence of fat in, 206, 207 source of fat in, 207 corpuscles, diminution of, 207 Urine, changes in, 207 amount of sugar in, 207 effect of diet and exercise on amount of sugar in, 207, 208 presence of inosite in, 208 specific gravity of, 208 color of, 208 odor of, 208 acetone and alcohol, presence of, 209 Albuminuria, 208 Duration, 210 Complications, 210 Phthisis, 210 Duodenal catarrh, 210 Boils and abscesses, 205, 210 Jaundice, 210 Pancreatic disease, 210 Diagnosis, 210 Tests for sugar, 211 Fehling's test, 211 quantitative, 212 Fermentation test, 212 quantitative, 213 Picric acid and potash test, 213 quantitative, 214 Indigo-carmine test, 216 quantitative, 216 precautions, 217 Test for inosite, 217 Prognosis, 217 Influence of pancreatic disease upon, 218 of age upon, 218 of phthisis upon, 218 Treatment, 218 Dietetic, 218 By skim-milk, 218 mode of administering, 219 Peptonized milk, 219, 220 Saccharine foods admissible in, 220 Foods and drinks admissible in, 220, 221 Bill of fare for diabetics, 221 Alcoholic beverages admissible, 222, 225 Gluten bread, use of, 222 Bran bread, use of, 223 Almond food, use of, 223, 224 Substitutes for sugar in food, 224 Use of bicarbonate of sodium and potassium in place of sugar, 224 Hygienic, 225 Use of mineral waters, 225, 226 Ventilation, 225 Use of baths, 225 Medicinal, 226 Use of codeia, 226 of opium, 226, 227 of ergot, 227 of bromide of potassium, 227 of bromide of arsenic, 227 of arsenic, 227 of strychnia, 227 of phosphates, 227 of iodide of potassium, 228 of tincture of iodine, 228 of nitrate of uranium, 230 of lactic acid, 228 of cod-liver oil, 228 of soap, 228 of iodoform, 229 of salicylate of sodium and salicylic acid, 229, 230 of alkalies, 229 Transfusion of blood, 229 Of neuralgia, 229

Diabetes mellitus, influence on causation of pruritus ani, 909 simple gastric ulcer, 488 relation to disease of pancreas, 1117

Diabetic area of medulla oblongata, effects of puncture, 195

Diagnosis of ascites, 1177 of biliary calculi, 1078 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1055 of occlusion of biliary passages, 1092 of cancrum oris, 342 in cholera infantum, 745 of cholera morbus, 723 of constipation, 648 of diabetes mellitus, 210 of dysentery, 806 of functional dyspepsia, 452 of enteralgia, 663 of entero-colitis, 740 of fistula in ano, 898 of gastralgia, 461 of acute gastritis, 468 of chronic gastritis, 475 of simple gastric ulcer, 514 of superficial glossitis, 357 of chronic superficial glossitis, 367 of parenchymatous glossitis, 363 of chronic parenchymatous glossitis, 368 of glossitis parasitica, 359 of gout, 124 of hemorrhage from bowels, 833 of hepatic colic, 1078 of hepatic glycosuria, 974 of ileo-colitis, 685 of acute intestinal catarrh, 684 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 710 of ulcerations in acute intestinal catarrh, 685 of intestinal cancer, 873 of indigestion, 630 of obstruction, 858 by fecal accumulations, 860 by internal hernia, 860 by gall-stones, 860 of seat of intestinal obstruction, 861 of intestinal ulcer, 828 of lardaceous degeneration of intestines, 876 of torsion of intestines, 860 of jaundice, 981 of lithæmia, 970 of abscess of liver, 1018 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1029 of amyloid liver, 1045 of carcinoma of liver, 1039 of cirrhosis of liver, 999 of fatty liver, 1049 of hydatids of liver, 1104 of hyperæmia of liver, 988 of liver-flukes, 1110 of lumbago, 77 of macroglossia, 353 of morbid dentition, 376 of acute oesophagitis, 414 of chronic oesophagitis, 417 of dilatation of oesophagus, 433 of paralysis of oesophagus, 429 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 424 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 420 of ulceration of oesophagus, 418 of acute pancreatitis, 1119 of carcinoma of pancreas, 1126 of obstruction of pancreatic ducts, 1131 of perihepatitis, 989 of acute peritonitis, 1143 of tubercular peritonitis, 1167 of acute pharyngitis, 396 of chronic pharyngitis, 404 of syphilitic pharyngitis, 408 of tuberculous pharyngitis, 401 of phosphorus-poisoning, 1032 of pleurodynia, 77 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 773 of purpura, 190 of suppurative pylephlebitis, 1101 of hypertrophic stenosis of pylorus, 615 of acute rheumatism, 47 of chronic articular rheumatism, 73 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 107 of muscular rheumatism, 76 of rheumatoid arthritis, 92 of scrofula, 248 of scurvy, 182 of cancer of stomach, 569 of cirrhosis of stomach, 613 of dilatation of stomach, 600 of hemorrhage from stomach, 584 of simple ulcer of stomach, 514 of aphthous stomatitis, 329 of catarrhal stomatitis, 325 of mercurial stomatitis, 347 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 337 of stomatorrhagia, 371 of hereditary syphilis, 309 of bone disease of hereditary syphilis, 289, 290 of erythema of hereditary syphilis, 278 of interstitial keratitis in hereditary syphilis, 299 of nervous disease in hereditary syphilis, 304 of pemphigus in hereditary syphilis, 276 of pustular syphilides in hereditary syphilis, 279 of roseola in hereditary syphilis, 278 of tabes mesenterica, 1191 of thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1096 of thrush, 334 of tonsillitis, 386 of tongue-tie, 349 of tubercular ulceration of tongue, 369 of torticollis, 78 of trichinosis, 961 of typhlitis and perityphlitis, 820

Diaphoretics, use of, in ascites, 1179 in muscular rheumatism, 77

Diaphragmatic hernia, 843

Diarrhoea, in acute gastritis, 467 in chronic gastritis, 475 in gout, 118 in acute intestinal catarrh, 679, 681 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 in intestinal indigestion, 627 in lardaceous degeneration of intestines, 874 in intussusception, 848 in amyloid liver, 1044 in diseases of pancreas, 1115 in acute secondary pancreatitis, 1121 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1126 in tabes mesenterica, 1190 in cancer of stomach, 550 in dilatation of stomach, 594 in aphthous stomatitis, 329 in catarrhal stomatitis, 323 in trichinosis, 960 influence on causation of prolapse of rectum, 881 and dysentery complicating acute rheumatism, 42

Diarrhoeal diseases of children, mortality in, 726, 727

Diet in biliousness, 967 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1056 in biliary concretions and hepatic colic, 1079 in cholera morbus, 725 in constipation, 652, 654 in constipation of children, 656 in diabetes mellitus, 218-224 in functional dyspepsia, 452 in dysentery, 809, 812 in enteralgia, 666 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 776 in acute gastritis, 468 in chronic gastritis, 476 in chronic superficial glossitis, 367 in parenchymatous glossitis, 365 in gout, 127, 133 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in hepatic glycosuria, 975 in intestinal cancer, 874 in acute intestinal catarrh, 687, 688, 690, 692 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 714, 716 in intestinal indigestion, 633, 634 in intestinal ulcer, 829 in lardaceous degeneration of intestines, 876 in jaundice, 983 in abscess of liver, 1021 in amyloid liver, 1046 in cirrhosis of liver, 1000 in fatty liver, 1050 in hyperæmia of liver, 988 in lithæmia, 971 in morbid dentition, 376 in acute oesophagitis, 416 in chronic oesophagitis, 417 in dilatation of oesophagus, 434 in oesophageal paralysis, 430 in acute pancreatitis, 1120 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1127 in acute peritonitis, 1151 in tubercular peritonitis, 1168 in acute pharyngitis, 398, 399 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1033 in purpura, 193 in rachitis, 159 in acute rheumatism, 69 in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 107 in rheumatoid arthritis, 102 in scrofula, 249 in scurvy, 183 in cancer of stomach, 576 in dilatation of stomach, 603, 608 in simple ulcer of stomach, 519-522 in aphthous stomatitis, 330 in catarrhal stomatitis, 325 in syphilitic children, 315 in thrush, 335 in tonsillitis, 388 in trichinosis, 962

Digestion, disturbances of, in Anchylostomum duodenale, 956 in Ascaris lumbricoides, 953 in ascites, 1177 in constipation, 853 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 from presence of gall-stones, 1070 in gout, 118 in hepatic glycosuria, 974 in intestinal hepatitis, 993 in intestinal ulcer, 826 in lithæmia, 969 in abscess of liver, 1013 in echinococci of liver, 1104 in fatty liver, 1048 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1125 in tubercular peritonitis, 1166 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1100 in non-malignant stricture of rectum, 886 in acute rheumatism, 27 in gonorrheal rheumatism, 104 in muscular rheumatism, 76 in scurvy, 173 in tabes mesenterica, 1189 in tape-worm, 940 in trichinosis, 960 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 819

Digitalis, use of, in ascites, 1179 stupes, use of, in cirrhosis of liver, 1001

Dilatation of bowel in dysentery, 812 of oesophagus, 430 in organic stricture, 424 forcible, in organic stricture of oesophagus, 426 of stomach, 586 acute, of stomach, 610 of stomach in chronic gastritis, 472 in gastric cancer, 566 in simple ulcer of stomach, 503 in anal fissure and rectal ulceration, 912 of rectal pouches, 885 in non-malignant rectal stricture, 917 and incision of rectum for sphincterismus, 916

Dilators, use of, in cancer of oesophagus, 428

Diluents, use of, in chronic gastritis, 477

Diphtheria distinguished from acute pharyngitis, 396 influence of, on causation of acute peritonitis, 438 distinguished from tonsillitis, 387

Discharges, characters of, in dysentery, 796, 803 of fistula in ano, 898 mucous, in non-malignant stricture of rectum, 886 and purulent, in ulceration of rectum and anus, 894

Disinfectants, use of, in cancrum oris, 343

Disinfection in acute intestinal catarrh, 688 of discharges of dysentery, 808

Dislocation of intestine as a cause of obstruction, 851

Displacements of stomach, 617

Dissemination of echinococcus, 944

Distomum conjunctum, 947 crassum, 948 hepaticum, 946, 1109 heterophyes, 948 lanceolatum, 947, 1109 ophthalmobium, 948 ringeri, 948 sinense, 947

Diuresis, influence on causation of constipation, 642

Diuretics, use of, in ascites, 1178

Diverticula of stomach, 617

Dogs, infection of Tænia echinococcus, liability to, from association with, 945

Douche, cold, use of, in constipation, 653

Drinking-water, dissemination of Ascaris lumbricoides by, 952 necessity of pure, in prevention of dysentery, 808

Dropsy, general, in amyloid liver, 1044 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 of gall-bladder from biliary calculi, 1077

Drowsiness in entero-colitis, 735, 736

Dry colic, 662

Dryness, influence on causation of dysentery, 788

Ductus communis choledochus, stenosis of, 1082 seat of occlusion of, 1083, 1084 pancreaticus, obstruction, 1129

Duodenal catarrh complicating diabetes mellitus, 210 form of gastric ulcer, etiology, 825 of intestinal cancer, symptoms, 870 of chronic intestinal catarrh, diagnosis, 711 ulcers, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703, 713

Duodenitis, 667, 682 acute, relation to integumental burns, 682

Duodenum, congenital stricture of, 836 lesions of, in entero-colitis, 737 in acute intestinal catarrh, 674 perforation of, by gall-stones, 1068-1074

Durande's solvent for biliary calculi, 1080

Duration of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1055 of biliousness, 967 of occlusion of biliary passages, 1092 of cholera infantum, 723 of cholera morbus, 746 of diabetes mellitus, 210 of enteralgia, 660 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 774 of parenchymatous glossitis, 362 of acute gout, 119 of paroxysms of hepatic colic, 1071 of hepatic glycosuria, 974 of cancer of intestines, 871-873 of acute intestinal catarrh, 682 of intestinal indigestion, 630 of intestinal obstruction, 862 of intestinal ulcer, 827 of acute internal strangulation of intestines, 843 of intussusception, 849 of jaundice, 981 of abscess of liver, 1017 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1029 of amyloid liver, 1044 of carcinoma of liver, 1039 of cirrhosis of liver, 999 of fatty liver, 1049 of hydatids of liver, 1105 of hyperæmia of liver, 987 of lithæmia, 970 of acute oesophagitis, 414 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 420, 421 of carcinoma of pancreas, 1126 of obstruction of pancreatic ducts, 1131 of chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1122 of perihepatitis, 989 of acute peritonitis, 1143 of acute pharyngitis, 395, 396 of syphilitic pharyngitis, 407 of phosphorus-poisoning, 1032 of suppurative pylephlebitis, 1101 of acute rheumatism, 44 of chronic articular rheumatism, 72 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 of muscular rheumatism, 76 of acute variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 80 of chronic variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 82 of aphthous stomatitis, 329 of catarrhal stomatitis, 323 of mercurial stomatitis, 346 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 337 of cancer of stomach, 559 of simple ulcer of stomach, 501 of transmission power of syphilis, 257-260 of tabes mesenterica, 1193 of thrush, 334 of trichinosis, 960 of typhlitis and paratyphlitis, 820

Dyscrasia, gouty, symptoms of, 120

Dysenteric ulceration, influence on causation of abscess of liver, 1004

DYSENTERY, 777 Definition, 777 Etymology, 777 History, 777 Ancient, 777-780 Modern, 780-784 General remarks, 784 Nature, 784 Primary nature, 784 Secondary nature, 784 Periodicity of recurrence, 784, 786 Tendency to circumscription, 785 A disease of armies, 785, 786 Etiology, 786 Climate, influence on causation, 786 Hot seasons, influence on causation, 787 Moisture, influence on causation, 788 Dryness, influence on causation, 788 Decay of animal and vegetable matter, 787, 789 Atmospheric changes, 789 Taking cold, influence on causation, 789, 790 Nervous influence, 790 Food, irritating and improper, 791 Water, impure, 791 Dejecta, influence on causation, 791 mechanical irritation of colon by, 791 propagation of the disease by, 792 Specific nature, 792 Micro-organism, influence on causation, 792 Contagiousness, 793, 794 Poison, duration of activity of, 794, 795 Pathology, 796 Local nature, 796 Discharges, characters of, 796, 803 Morbid anatomy, 797 Mucous membrane, an inflammation of, 797 Lesions of catarrhal form, 797 Mucous membrane, state of, 798 Cells, desquamation of, 798 Follicles, intestinal, alterations in, 798 Protuberances of mucosa, 798, 799 Tenesmus, cause of, 799 Of pseudo-membranous form, 799 False membranes, formation, 799 Ulcers, character and seat of, 799 Perforation, 799 date of occurrence, 800 Perityphlitis, lesions of, 800 Of chronic form, 800 Ulceration, seat and character, 800 Cicatrization in, 800 Mesenteric glands, lesions of, 801 Kidneys, lesions of, 801 Joints, lesions of, 801 Liver, lesions of, 801 abscess of, 801 Symptoms, 802 Onset, 796, 802 Pains of, 796, 802 seat and character, 802 physiognomy during, 802 Tenesmus, 796, 802 Heat of rectum, 796, 802 Vomiting, 803, 804 Strangury, 803 Prolapsus ani, 797, 803 Stools, 796, 803 character, 796, 803 bloody, 796, 803 boiled-sago matter in, 803 Fever, 796 Skin, state, 796, 804 Abdomen, state, 796, 804 Typhoid state, occurrence of, 797, 804 Tongue, state, 804 Pulse, 804 Physiognomy, 796 Appetite impaired, 796, 804 Brain, condition, 804 Pyæmia, occurrence of, 797, 804 Gangrene of intestine, 804 Complications and sequelæ, 805 Rheumatism, 805 Paralysis, 805 seat, 805, 806 Hepatic abscess, 806 Kidney disease, 806 Parotitis, 806 Hyperæsthesia of intestinal mucous membrane, 806 Diagnosis, 806 From intestinal catarrh, 807 Typhoid fever, 807 Cholera morbus, 807 Cancer of rectum, 807 Intussusception, 807 Prognosis, 807 Mortality, 807 Prophylaxis, 808 Prevention of over-crowding, 808 Cleanliness, 808 Ventilation, 808 Drinking-water, necessity of good, 808 Disinfection of discharges, 808 Food, improper, avoidance of, 808 Cold, avoidance of, 808 Treatment, 809 Rest, 809 Diet, 809, 812 Local, 809 Of ulcers, 812 Of paralysis, 813 Of abscess of liver, 813 Of rheumatism, 813 Change of air, 813 Laxatives, use of, 809 Enemata, use of, 809 Irrigation of bowel, 809 method, 809, 810 by ice-water, 810 Nitrate of silver, use of, 809, 812 Salicylic acid, use of, 809 Corrosive sublimate, use of, 809 Ipecacuanha, use of, 810 mode of administering, 811 Opium, use of, 811 Alum, use of, 810 Stimulants, use of, 812 Ergotin, use of, 812 Carbolic acid, use of, 810 Dilatation of bowel, 812 Electricity, use of, 813

Dysentery as a cause of intestinal ulcer, 824 of hemorrhage from bowels, 831

DYSPEPSIA, FUNCTIONAL, 436 Definition, 436 Synonyms, 436 Etiology, 438 Predisposing causes, 438 Depressed vitality, 438 Heredity, 438 Age, 438, 439 Anæmia, 439 Febrile states, 440 Exhaustion of nerves of organic life, 440 Mental state, influence on digestion, 437 Nervous system, influence on digestion, 437 Gastric juice, action of, 437 Privation and want, 441 Deficient gastric secretion, 441 Gastric juice, analysis of, 442 Exciting causes, 442 Errors of diet, 442 Excess of nitrogenous food, 443 Unwholesome food, 443 Over-eating, 444 Restricted regimen, 444 Defective cookery, 445 Hasty eating, 445 Imperfect mastication, 445 Irregularity in meals, 446 Spirit-drinking, 446 Hepatic disturbance, 447 Pancreatic disease, 447 Constipation, 447 Nervous sympathy, 448 Pregnancy, 448 Menstruation, 448 Uterine disease, 448 Cardiac disease, 448 Pulmonary disease, 448 Symptoms, 448 Fulness after meals, 448 Pain, seat and character, 448 Flatulence, 449 Nature of eructations, 449 Regurgitation, 449 Nature of liquids regurgitated, 449 Cardialgia, 449 Nausea and vomiting, 449 Vomiting, time of, 450 Vomit, character of, 450 Tongue, condition of, 450 Constipation, 450 Urine, condition of, 451 Gastric vertigo, 451 Skin diseases, 451 Disturbed innervation, 451 Languor and drowsiness, 451 Palpitation and cough, 451 Hypochondriasis, 451 Depression of spirits, 451 Sleeplessness, 451 Pathology, 451 Atrophy of mucous membrane of stomach, 451 Fatty and amyloid degeneration of stomachal walls, 451 Diagnosis, 452 From subacute or chronic gastritis, 452 From gastric ulcer, 452 From gastric carcinoma, 452 Treatment, 452 Removal of cause, 452 Improvement of general health, 452 Diet, 452 kinds of, 453 Use of peptonized food, 453 Exercise, 454 Fresh air, 454 Mental and moral means, 454 Travel, 455 Pain, gastric, 459 Anæmia, 457 Hepatic form, 457 Constipation, 458 Nausea and vomiting, 458 Use of bitters, 455 of nerve-tonics, 455 of nux vomica and strychnia, 455 of mineral acids, 456 of ipecacuanha, 456 of pepsin, 456 of bismuth, 457 of iron, 457 form of, 457 of silver salts, 457 of arsenic, 457 of mercury in hepatic forms, 457 of aperient mineral waters, 458 of belladonna in constipation, 458 of nux vomica in constipation, 458 of aloes in constipation, 458 of tincture of colocynth, 458 of hydrocyanic acid, 458, 459 of creasote, 458 of carbolic acid, 459 of ice, 458 of lime-water, 458 of sulphurous acid, 459 of alkalies, 458 of alcohol, 459 of hydrotherapy, 457 of electricity, 457

Dyspepsia in diabetes mellitus, 204 in gout, 118

Dysphagia, in acute oesophagitis, 413 in cancer of oesophagus, 427 in dilatation of oesophagus, 431 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 423 in oesophageal paralysis, 429 in acute pharyngitis, 394 in cancer of stomach, 546

Dysphonia, in cancer of oesophagus, 427 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 423

Dyspnoea in enteralgia, 661 in acute gastritis, 467 in chronic gastritis, 475 in dilatation of stomach, 595

Dyspnoeic coma, in gastric cancer, 555

Dysuria, complicating gout, 124 in paratyphlitis, 819 in peri-rectal and anal abscesses, 896

E.

Early life, influence on causation of rachitis, 141, 142 cause of tendency to scrofula in, 242

Ear disorders in hereditary syphilis, 282

Eating, hasty, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 445

Echinococci, seat of deposit in liver, 1102 mode of growth in liver, 1102, 1103

Echinococcus of liver, 1101

Echinorhynchus gigas, 949

Écraseur, use of, in hemorrhoids, 925

Eczema of anus, 892 of genitalia in diabetes mellitus, 205 complicating gout, 121

Eczemas, tendency to, in scrofula, 245 influence on causation of scrofula, 237

Effusions, pericardial, in acute rheumatism, treatment, 64

Elaterium, use of, in ascites, 1179

Electricity, use of, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1057 in constipation, 653 in dysentery, 813 in functional dyspepsia, 457 in impaction of feces, 919 in gastralgia, 463 in jaundice, 983 in lithæmia, 973 in intestinal obstruction, 864 in dilatation of oesophagus, 435 in oesophageal paralysis, 430 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 422 in dilatation of stomach, 608 in rheumatoid arthritis, 101

Electrolysis in hydatids of liver, 1108

Elephantiasis in Filaria sanguinis, 964

Emaciation in cholera infantum, 742 in chronic gastritis, 475 in acute intestinal catarrh, 682 progressive, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 in amyloid liver, 1044 in carcinoma of liver, 1038 in cirrhosis of liver, 999 in cancer of oesophagus, 427 in pancreatic diseases, 1114 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1124 in chronic intestinal pancreatitis, 1122 in obstruction of pancreatic ducts, 1131 in tubercular peritonitis, 1166 in cancer of stomach, 551

Emboli, influence of, on causation of phlegmonous form of acute oesophagitis, 411 of suppurative pylephlebitis, 1097

Embolism as a cause of hemorrhage from bowels, 831 of duodenal ulcers in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703 complicating cancer of stomach, 560 in simple ulcer of stomach, 510 of portal vein, 1095 of cerebral arteries in acute rheumatism, 39 of lungs and spleen, in scurvy, 181 influence on causation of abscess of liver, 1004

Embryo of Trichina spiralis, migration of, 959

Emetics, use of, in jaundice, 982 in cholera morbus, 724 in hepatic colic, 1082 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1033

Emotions, influence of, on production of jaundice, 976

Emphysema, diagnosis of, from abscess of liver, 1020 from perforation, in simple gastric ulcer, 509

Encephaloid carcinoma of rectum and anus, 904

Endarteritis in chronic articular rheumatism, 72

Endocarditis in acute rheumatism, 28, 33, 34 complicating gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106

Endo- and pericarditis complicating rheumatic arthritis, 83

Enemata, anodyne, use of, in irritable rectum, 919 in impaction of feces, 918 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 774 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1128 in rectal alimentation, amount of, 928 substances employed, 929 medicated, use of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 714, 717, 718 nutrient, in abscess of liver, 1021 in cancer of oesophagus, 428 of tobacco, use of, in enteralgia, 666 use of, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1057 in constipation, 655 in dysentery, 809 in enteralgia, 666 in entero-colitis, 760 in hemorrhoids, 923 in acute intestinal catarrh, 697 in intestinal ulcer, 823 in pruritus ani, 917 in seat-worms, 951

ENTERALGIA (INTESTINAL COLIC), 658 Synonyms, 658 History, 658 Nature, 658, 659 Definition, 658, 659 Etiology, 659 Heredity, 659 Sex, 659 Cachexiæ of chronic disease, 659 Morbid blood-conditions, 659 Syphilis, 660 Malaria, 660 Lead, copper, and arsenic poisoning, 660 Venereal excess, 660 Abuse of tobacco and alcohol, 660 Idiosyncrasy, 660 Reflex and sympathetic causes, 660 Ovarian and uterine irritation, 660 Disease of abdominal viscera, 660 Organic disease of brain and spinal cord, 660 Cold, 660 Indigestion, 660 Food, 660 Constipation, 660 Foreign bodies, 660 Cathartics, 660 Symptoms, 660 Pain, 660, 661 character and seat of, 660, 661 duration of paroxysms of, 660 effect of pressure on, 661 Eructations and borborygmi, 661 Nausea and vomiting, 661 Tongue, condition of, 661 Physiognomy, 661 Pulse, 661 Dyspnoea, 661 Muscular cramps, 661 Bowels, state of, 661 Abdomen, state of, 661 Micturition, painful, 661 Collapse, 662 Nervous, 662 Delirium, 662 Convulsions, 662 Vertigo, 662 Duration, 660 Varieties, 662 Alcoholic form, 662 From opium-eating, 662 Neurotic form, 662, 663 symptoms, 663 pain, 663 duration, 663 paralysis, 663 Diagnosis, 663 A true neuralgia, 663 From lumbo-abdominal neuralgia, 663 dermalgia, 664 gastralgia, 664 rheumatic pains, 664 ileus, 664 hepatic colic, 664 renal colic, 664 syphilitic colic, 664 intestinal catarrh, 664 Prognosis, 664 Termination, 664 in death, 664 in recovery, 664 Treatment, 664 Removal of cause, 664, 665 Of nervous form, 665 Flatulent form, 665 Hysterical form, 664 Preventive, 665, 666 Constitutional, 665 Local, 665 Use of bromides, 665 of iodide of potassium, 665 of iron, 665 of alum, 665 of arsenic, 665 of nitrate of silver, 665 of belladonna, 665 of valerianate of zinc, 665 of antispasmodics, 665 of opium, 665 of heat, 665 of cold, 665 of sinapisms, 665 of spinal applications, 664, 665 of cathartics, 665 of chloroform, 665 of puncturing of colon, 665 of alkalies, 666 of creasote, 666 of enemata, 666 of tobacco, 666 of phosphate of sodium as preventive, 666 Diet, 666 milk, 666

Enteritis, catarrhal, complicating gastric cancer, 560

ENTERITIS, PSEUDO-MEMBRANOUS, 763 Synonyms, 763 Definition, 763 History, 763 Etiology, 764 Age, influence on causation, 764 Sex, influence on causation, 764 Temperament, influence on causation, 764 Determinative causes, 765 Perversion of nutrition and innervation, 765 Wet and cold, 765 Food, improper, 765 Fecal impaction, 765 Cathartics, abuse, 765 Parasitic growths, relation to causation, 765 Ovarian disease, relation to causation, 765 Menstrual disorders, relation to causation, 765 Prostatic disease, relation to causation, 765 Symptoms, 765 Digestive derangements, 765 Obscurity of early, 765 Initial, 765 Irregularity of bowels, 765 Abdominal soreness, 765 Vomiting of mucus and blood, 765 Heat in rectum, 765 Depression of vital powers, 765, 766 Loss of strength, 765, 766 Pulse, state of, 766 Tongue, state of, 766 Mouth, state of, 766 Ulceration of tonsils, 766 Physiognomy, 766 Skin, state of, 766 Urine, condition of, 766 Of paroxysms, 766 Stools, character of, 766 mucous exudates in, 766 frequency of, 766 painful, 766 Pain, character and seat of, 766 Appetite, loss of, 766 Nervous disturbances, 766, 767 Hysterical, 767 Perversions of sensation, 767 Headache, 767 Special senses, perversion of, 767 Uterine disorders, 767 Pathology, 767 Views as to nature of, 767 Croupous nature of, 767, 768 Inflammatory nature of, 768 Morbid anatomy, 769 Mucous membrane, lesions of, 769 Restriction of false membrane to large intestine, 769 False membrane, characters, 769, 770 chemical characters, 772 microscopic appearance of, 770 origin from muciparous glands, 772 Diagnosis, 773 From mucous discharges of chronic diarrhoea, 773 enteritis, 773 fatty discharges of chronic hepatic and duodenal disease, 773 discharges of cholera, 773 Prognosis, 774 Cause of death, 774 Duration, 774 Treatment, 774 Of paroxysms, 774 Of intervals, 775 Local, 775 General, 775 Hygienic, 776 Diet, 776 Exercise, 776 Use of enemata, 774 of castor oil, 774 of mercury, 774 of rhubarb, 774 of sodium bicarbonate, 774 of ipecacuanha, 775 of sulphur, 775 of Plummer's pill, 775 of morphia, hypodermically, 775 of opium, 775 of nitrate of silver, 775 of sulphate of zinc, 775 of sulphate of copper, 775 of iron, 775 of nitro-muriatic acid, hot solutions locally, 775 of copaiba and cubebs, 775 of tar, 775 of arsenic, 775 of corrosive sublimate, 775 of iodide of potassium, 775 of cod-liver oil, 776 of counter-irritation, 776 of mineral waters, 776

Enteroliths, influence on causation of intestinal obstruction, 838

Enterotomy in intestinal obstruction, 867

Entorectomy in intestinal obstruction, 866

Epigastric prominence, in dilatation of stomach, 596 fulness in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1053 tenderness, in jaundice, 979 in pancreatic diseases, 1116, 1119

Epileptic attacks from Ascaris lumbricoides, 953 from tape-worm, 940

Epistaxis in occlusion of bile-ducts, 1089 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1028 in purpura hæmorrhagica, 188 in scurvy, 179, 180

Epithelial form, flat and cylindrical-celled, of gastric cancer, 564, 565 desquamation in acute intestinal catarrh, 677

Epithelium, detachment of, in superficial glossitis, 355 changes in, in acute oesophagitis, 411 in acute peritonitis, 1134, 1135 in chronic pharyngitis, 403 in tonsillitis, 384

Epsom salts, use of, in constipation, 655 and senna, use of, in ascites, 1179 in Oxyuris vermicularis, 951

Erethistic form of scrofulous habit, 243

Ergot, local use of, in chronic pharyngitis, 405 Use of, in diabetes mellitus, 227 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 718 in ulceration of oesophagus, 418 in purpura, 193 in stomatorrhagia, 371

Ergotin, local use, in prolapsus ani, 921 Use of, in dysentery, 812 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in hemorrhages of hepatic cirrhosis, 1002 in hemorrhoids, 923, 924 in intestinal ulcer, 829 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030 in simple ulcer of stomach, 525

Erosions, hemorrhagic, of stomach, 529 of teeth in hereditary syphilis, 298

Errors in diet, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 442 of chronic gastritis, 470 of gout, 112 as a cause of jaundice, 977

Eructations in functional dyspepsia, 449 in chronic gastritis, 473 in cancer of stomach, 540 in dilatation of stomach, 593 and borborygmi in enteralgia, 661

Eruption of purpura hæmorrhagica, 188 rheumatica, 189 simplex, 187

Eruptive diseases, influence on causation of acute gastritis, 464 fevers, influence on causation of chronic gastritis, 470 of acute intestinal catarrh, 671 of scrofula, 237

Erysipelas as a cause of infantile peritonitis, 1172 complicating mercurial stomatitis, 346

Erysipelatous form of acute pharyngitis, nature, 393 of acute pharyngitis, symptoms, 396 of acute pharyngitis, treatment, 399

Erythema intertrigo, 892 of hereditary syphilis, 277 complicating gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106

Erythematous form of acute pharyngitis, symptoms, 394

Eschar in cancrum oris, characters of, 340

Ether, use of, in hepatic colic, 1082

Etiology of ascites, 1173 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 of biliary calculi, 1063 of cancrum oris, 339 of cholera morbus, 720 of constipation, 639, 850 of diabetes mellitus, 203 of dysentery, 786 of functional dyspepsia, 438 of enteralgia, 659 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 764 of entero-colitis, 726 of fistula in ano, 897 of gastralgia, 459 of acute gastritis, 464 of catarrhal form of acute gastritis, 464 of erythematous form of acute gastritis, 465 of chronic gastritis, 470 of superficial glossitis, 355 of chronic superficial glossitis, 366 of parenchymatous glossitis, 359 of glossitis parasitica, 358 of glossanthrax, 368 of gout, 109 of hemorrhoids, 882 of internal hemorrhoids, 884 of hemorrhage from bowels, 830 of acute intestinal catarrh, 669 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 699 of intestinal indigestion, 623 of intestinal ulcer, 823 of cancer of intestines, 868 of jaundice, 975 of abscess of liver, 1002 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1023 of amyloid liver, 1040 of carcinoma of liver, 1033 of cirrhosis of liver, 990 of fatty liver, 1046 of hydatids of liver, 1101 of hyperæmia of liver, 983 of macroglossia, 350 of morbid dentition, 371 of cancer of oesophagus, 429 of dilatation of oesophagus, 430 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 419 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 422 of ulceration of oesophagus, 418 of acute oesophagitis, 409 of chronic oesophagitis, 416 of pancreatic diseases, 1114 of acute secondary pancreatitis, 1128 of carcinoma of pancreas, 1123 of chronic intestinal pancreatitis, 1121 of obstruction of pancreatic duct, 1129 of acute diffuse peritonitis, 1136 of infantile peritonitis, 1172 of acute pharyngitis, 390 of chronic pharyngitis, 402 of tuberculous pharyngitis, 400 of syphilitic pharyngitis, 406 of proctitis, 887 of pruritus ani, 909 of purpura, 190 of hypertrophic stenosis of pylorus, 615 of rachitis, 137 of dilatation of rectal pouches, 885 of fissure of anus and rectum, 888 of neuralgia of rectum, 909 of non-malignant rectal stricture, 885 of obstruction of rectum, 889 of prolapse of rectum, 881 of ulceration of rectum and anus, 894 of peri-rectal and anal abscesses, 895 of rheumatism, acute, 19 of chronic articular rheumatism, 69 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 102 of muscular rheumatism, 74 of rheumatoid arthritis, 88 of atrophy of stomach, 616 of cancer of stomach, 531 of cirrhosis of stomach, 612 of dilatation of stomach, 587 of acute dilatation of stomach, 610 of hemorrhage from stomach, 580 of rupture of stomach, 618 of simple ulcer of stomach, 481 of stomatorrhagia, 370 of aphthous stomatitis, 325 of catarrhal stomatitis, 321 of mercurial stomatitis, 344 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 336 of scrofula, 232 of scurvy, 169 of tabes mesenterica, 1185 of thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1095 of thrush, 331 of tonsillitis, 380 of tuberculous ulceration of tongue, 369 of typhlitis, 814

Etymology of dysentery, 777

Euonymin, use of, in biliousness, 968 in intestinal indigestion, 636 in jaundice, 982 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030 in hepatic colic, 1082

Eustrongylus gigas, 957

Evacuation of abscess of liver, 1021

Exacerbations, frequency of, in chronic gout, 121

Exanthemata, acute, influence on causation of tabes mesenterica, 1186

Exanthematous form of acute pharyngitis, nature, 393

Excision, in prolapsus ani, 919 in hypertrophy of tongue, 354 of rodent ulcer of rectum, 913 of cancer of rectum, 914, 915

Exercise, importance of, in biliary calculus state, 1079 in lithæmia, 971 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 776 necessity of, in functional dyspepsia, 454 in hyperæmia of liver, 988 in treatment of gout, 130, 131 in scrofula, 252 value of, in treatment of constipation, 651, 653 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 714, 716 in intestinal indigestion, 632

Expectoration in chronic pharyngitis, 404

Extractum pancreatis, in carcinoma of pancreas, 1128 use of, in entero-colitis, 752 in chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1122, 1123

Extravasations of blood into hepatic tissues, in hyperæmia of liver, 988

Extremities, appearance of, in rachitis, 155

Exudates in stools of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 766

Exudations, characters of, in gout, 115 fibrinous, in local peritonitis, 1160 thickness of, in tubercular peritonitis, 1167

Eye affections, complicating gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 diseases, complicating rheumatoid arthritis, 84

F.

Facial paralysis in diabetes mellitus, 206

False membranes, cysts of, in acute peritonitis, 1134 disposition of, in acute peritonitis, 1134 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 766 characters of, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 769-772 thickness of, in tubercular peritonitis, 1167

Farinaceous foods, analysis of, 750, 751 use of, in cholera infantum, 754 in entero-colitis, 753, 754

Fatigue, influence of, on causation of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 103 and exhaustion, influence of, on causation of acute rheumatism, 22 and strain, muscular, influence of, on causation of muscular rheumatism, 75

Fat in blood of diabetes mellitus, 207 seat of deposit, in fatty liver, 1047, 1048

Fats and oils, absorption of, in digestion, 623

Fatty degeneration of pancreas, 1128 of cells in scrofulous inflammation, 239 of gastric walls in dilatation of stomach, 600 of gastric vessels, in simple ulcer of stomach, 511 gastric, influence on causation of dilatation of stomach, 590 of heart, complicating cancer of stomach, 560 infiltration of pancreas, 1128 liver, 1046 metamorphosis of pancreas, 1128 stools in diseases of pancreas, 1115, 1122, 1125, 1131

Febrile states, influence of, on causation of functional dyspepsia, 440 affections, influence of, on causation of superficial glossitis, 355 diseases, influence of, on causation of intestinal indigestion, 623

Fecal accumulations, in constipation, 644 tumor, characters of, 852 impaction, influence of, on causation of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 in intestinal obstruction, treatment, 863 vomiting, in gastric cancer, significance, 558 in stricture of bowel, 856, 858 in intestinal obstruction, 840, 843, 848

Feces, color, in jaundice, 978 collection of, in vermiform appendix, as a cause of typhlitis, 814 impaction of, treatment, 918 wire-drawn, in non-malignant rectal stricture, 886

Feet, deformities of, in general rheumatoid arthritis, 82

Fehling's test for sugar in urine, 212

Fermentation test for sugar in urine, 212

Fetid secretions, in gangrenous form of acute pharyngitis, 396

Fever, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1054 in occlusion of biliary passages, 1090 in constipation, 648 in dysentery, 796 in entero-colitis, 734, 736 in acute gout, 119 in hepatic colic, 1072 in acute intestinal catarrh, 681 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 in jaundice, 980 in acute secondary pancreatitis, 1121 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1099 in tabes mesenterica, 1190 in trichinosis, 960 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 818, 819

Fibrin, amount of, in blood of scurvy, 174

Fibrinous exudations in acute peritonitis, 1133, 1134 in local peritonitis, 1160

Fibromata of stomach, 579

Filaria lentis, 964 loa, 964 medinensis, 962 restiformis, 964 sanguinis, 963 trachealis, 964

Filth, influence of, on causation of entero-colitis, 730 of tabes mesenterica, 1186

Fingers, clubbing of, in scrofula, 246

Fish as a source of Bothriocephalus latus, 939

Fissure of anus in cirrhosis of liver, 994 of anus and rectum, 888

Fistula in ano, 897

Fistulæ, biliary, 1068, 1074 in constipation, 645, 648 formation of, by gall-stones, 1068 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703 gastro-colic, in simple ulcer of stomach, 508 gastro-cutaneous, in simple ulcer of stomach, 500 gastro-duodenal, in simple ulcer of stomach, 508 gastro-pleural, in simple ulcer of stomach, 508 in cancer of stomach, formation of, 558 in ulceration of oesophagus, 418

Fistulous openings into viscera in acute pancreatitis, 1121

Flat-celled epithelial form of gastric cancer, 565

Flatulence in constipation, 646, 647 in functional dyspepsia, 449 in acute intestinal catarrh, treatment, 693 in simple ulcer of stomach, 494 and colic in intestinal indigestion, treatment, 636

Flatulent form of enteralgia, treatment, 665

Flesh-worm, 957

Flexure of thigh upon leg in paratyphlitis, 819

Flour-ball, use of, in infant feeding, 754, 755

Fluctuation in abscess of liver, 1011

Flukes, liver, 1109

Fluke-worms, 946

Foetus in utero, syphilitic infection of mother by, 262

Follicles, changes in, in acute oesophagitis, 412 enlargement of, in chronic pharyngitis, 403 intestinal, lesions of, in dysentery, 798

Follicular pharyngitis, 402 ulcers in acute intestinal catarrh, 676 of stomach, 529 ulceration of chronic intestinal catarrh, treatment, 718 of rectum and anus, 894

Fomentations, hot, in hepatic colic, 1082

Fontanels, condition of, in rachitis, 146

Food, amount of, ingested by healthy infants, 746 certain, influence of, on causation of gastralgia, 460 improper, influence of, on causation of biliary calculi, 1065 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1052 of cholera morbus, 721 of constipation, 643, 851 of dysentery, 791 of functional dyspepsia, 442, 443 of enteralgia, 660 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 of entero-colitis, 726 of acute gastritis, 465 of parenchymatous glossitis, 360 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 of intestinal indigestion, 625 of diseases of pancreas, 1114 of chronic pharyngitis, 402 of rachitis, 144 of aphthous stomatitis, 326 of catarrhal stomatitis, 322 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 336 of scrofula, 232 of tabes mesenterica, 1185, 1186 inability to ingest large quantities of, in cirrhosis of stomach, 613 peptonized, use of, in functional dyspepsia, 453 in chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1122, 1123 retention of, in dilatation of oesophagus, 431 uncooked, as a cause of intestinal worms, 931

Foods, saccharine, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 220 and drinks, admissible in diabetes mellitus, 220, 221 certain, as a cause of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 420 farinaceous, for infants, analyses, 750, 751 use of, in cholera infantum and entero-colitis, 753

Foreign bodies, influence of, on causation of occlusion of biliary passages, 1084 of enteralgia, 660 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 of typhlitis, 816, 817 as a cause of hemorrhage of bowels, 830 of chronic oesophagitis, 416

Formad on scrofulous peculiarity, 232

Formication of right leg in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 818

Frequency of stricture of bowel, 854 of intestinal ulcer, 823 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1023 of cancer of stomach, 532 of simple ulcer of stomach, 481, 482 of tabes mesenterica, 1184

Friction sound in perihepatitis, 989

Frictions, use of, in cholera morbus, 724

Friedrichshall water, use of, in intestinal indigestion, 636

Fruit, necessity of, for prevention of scurvy, 183

Fulness after eating in functional dyspepsia, 448 and weight in dilatation of stomach, 593

Functional dyspepsia, 436 disorders of liver, 965 diseases of stomach, 436 obstruction of bowel, diagnosed from organic, 859

Furuncular eruptions in hereditary syphilis, 280

Furunculi of anus, 892

G.

Gall-bladder, changes in, from biliary calculi, 1066 distension of, from occlusion of biliary ducts, 1085 dropsy of, from biliary concretions, 1077 from occlusion of biliary ducts, 1086 lesions of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 705 puncture of, for relief of biliary calculi, 1081 of occlusion of biliary passages, 1094 and hepatic tubes, character of contents of, in occlusion of biliary ducts, 1085

Gallic acid, use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 695 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 717

Gall-stones, 1058 diagnosis of presence of, 1078 impaction of, 1074 influence of, on causation of acute peritonitis, 1139 as a cause of intestinal obstruction, 839 migration of, 1067 by artificial routes, 1068, 1074 symptoms due to, 1070 passage of, a cause of perihepatitis, 989 presence of, as a cause of obstruction of pancreatic duct, 1130 symptoms due to, 1069 treatment, 1079

Galvanism, use of, in muscular rheumatism, 76

Gangrene in cancrum oris, date of appearance, 342 of tongue in parenchymatous glossitis, 362 of bowel in intussusception, 845, 849 in acute oesophagitis, 413 in acute pancreatitis, 1118 occurrence of, in tonsillitis, 383

Gangrenous form of acute pharyngitis, 395

Gas in arteries from perforation in simple gastric ulcer, 510 source of, in intestinal indigestion, 627

Gaseous distension of gut, in intestinal obstruction, tapping in, 865 eructations in dilatation of stomach, nature of, 593

Gastralgia in cirrhosis of stomach, 613 in acute rheumatism, 42

GASTRALGIA (CARDIALGIA, SPASM OF STOMACH), 459 Definition, 459 Varieties, 459 Etiology, 459 Predisposing causes, 460 Depressed vitality, 460 Nervous excitability, 460 Female sex, 460 Menstruation, 460 Anæmia, 460 Blood-poisons, 460 Malaria, 460 Gout and rheumatism, 460 Certain foods, 460 Disease of nerve-centres, 460 Exciting causes, 460 Venereal excesses, 460 Abuse of narcotics, 460 Reflex causes, 460 Affections of bladder and kidneys, 460 of uterus, 460 of ovaries, 460 Symptoms, 460 Pain, 460 character of, 460 seat of, 460, 461 hysterical phenomena, 461 tongue, 461 vomiting, 461 Diagnosis, 461 From inflammation of stomach, 461 organic gastric affections, 461 gastric ulcer and cancer, 461 rheumatism of abdominal muscles, 462 hepatic colic, 462 Prognosis, 462 Treatment, 462 Radical, 462 Palliative, 463 of chlorosis and anæmia, 462 of irritable nervous system, 463 of hysterical phenomena, 463 of pain, 463 Use of iron, form, 462 of quinine, 462 of arsenic, 462 of nux vomica and strychnia, 463 of silver salts, 463 of valerianate of zinc, 463 of bromides, 463 of electricity, 463 of bismuth, 463 of hydrocyanic acid, 463 of morphia, 463 of spirits of chloroform, 463 of hot water, 463 Travel, 463 Change of air, 463

Gastralgia distinguished from enteralgia, 664

Gastrectasia. See Dilatation of Stomach.

Gastric catarrh of phthisis, treatment of, 478 disease, chronic, influence on causation of atrophy of stomach, 616 fluids of cancer of stomach, absence of free hydrochloric acid in, 543 glands, alterations in chronic gastritis, 472 juice, action of, 437, 620, 621 excess of, influence on causation of intestinal indigestion, 626 erosion by, as a cause of intestinal ulcer, 824, 825 secretion, deficient, as a cause of functional dyspepsia, 441 tubules, alterations in chronic gastritis, 472 atrophy of, in atrophy of stomach, 616 in cirrhosis of stomach, 614 degeneration of, in atrophy of stomach, 616 origin of cancer of stomach from, 563, 564 ulcer, artificial production of, 514 vertigo, in functional dyspepsia, 451 walls, thickening of, in cirrhosis of stomach, 614

GASTRITIS, ACUTE (ACUTE GASTRIC CATARRH), 463 Definition, 463 Varieties, 464 Etiology, 464 Predisposing causes, 464 Of catarrhal form, 464 Mechanical, 464 Weak heart-action, 464 Organic disease of heart and lungs, 464 of liver, 464 Gout and rheumatism, 464 Malarious fevers, 464 Passive gastric hyperæmia, 465 Erythematous form, 465, 466 Frequency in children, 465 Eruptive disorders, 464 fevers, 464 Relation to brain disorders, 465 Exciting causes, 465 Catarrhal form, 465 Improper food, 465 Acrid and corrosive poisons, 465 Alcohol, excessive use of, 465 Scarlatina, 466 Morbid anatomy, 466 Difficulty in determining post-mortem changes, 466 Catarrhal form, state of mucous membrane, 466 Erythematous form, state of mucous membrane, 466 Acute form, state of mucous membrane, 466 Toxic form, state of mucous membrane, 466 Symptoms, 467 Acute toxic form, 467 Erythematous form, 467 Cholera infantum, 467 In infants, 467 Catarrhal form, 467 Pain, 467 Thirst, 467 Vomiting, 467 Vomit, character of, 467 Physiognomy, 467 Coldness of surface, 467 Prostration, 467 Pulse, 467 Temperature, 467 Hiccough, 467 Tongue, state of, 467 Urine, state of, 467 Cerebral symptoms, 467 Headache, 467 Vertigo, 467 Mental depression, 467 Dyspnoea, 467 Diarrhoea, 467 Pain after eating, 467 Diagnosis, 468 From brain disease, 468 Remittent or typhoid fevers, 468 Meningitis, 468 Peritonitis, 468 Prognosis, 468 Treatment, 468 Severe forms, 468 Rest of inflamed organ, 468 Diet, 468 Of thirst, 468 Of vomiting, 469 Mild forms, 469 Rest, 469 Diarrhoea, 469 Pyrexia, 469, 470 Pain, 469 In children, 469 Convalescence, 470 Use of ice, 468 stimulants, 469 ipecacuanha, 469 calomel, 469 sod. bicarbonate, 469 bismuth, 469 salicylate, 469 demulcent drinks, 469 hydrocyanic acid, 469 counter-irritation, 469 baths, cold, 470

GASTRITIS, CHRONIC (CHRONIC GASTRIC CATARRH), 470 Definition, 470 Etiology, 470 Functional gastric disorders, 470 Interference with portal circulation, 470, 471 Rheumatism and gout, 470, 471 Phthisis, 470, 471 Renal disease, 470 Eruptive diseases, 470 Malarious fevers, 470, 471 Alcohol, excessive use of, 470 Errors of diet, 470 Decomposition of ingested aliment, 470 Weak digestive power, 470 Injudicious medication, 470 Disease of heart and lungs, 471 Anæmia, 471 Anatomical characters, 471 Lesions of mucous membrane, 471, 472 Softening of mucous membrane, 471 Thinning of gastric walls, 471 Scirrhous state of pyloric orifice, 471 Ulceration of pyloric orifice, 472 Hypertrophy of pyloric orifice, 472 Dilatation of stomach, 472 Hypertrophy of interstitial tissue, 472 Glands, gastric, alterations in, 472 Tubules, gastric, alterations in, 472 Symptoms, 472 Of difficult digestion, 473 Pain, 473 Burning sensation in epigastrium, 473 Tenderness on pressure of epigastrium, 473 Appetite, impaired, 473 Nausea and vomiting, 473 Vomiting, time of, 473 Vomit, nature of, 473 Tongue, condition of, 473 Breath, condition of, 473 Thirst, 473 Jaundice, 474 Sympathetic nervous symptoms, 474 Mucous membranes, freedom from pain in disorders of, 474 sympathetic phenomenon in disorders of, 474 Gastric irritation, tendency to terminate in cerebral inflammation, 474 Convulsion, 474 Headache, 474 Vertigo, 474 Heart, disturbance of, 474 Dyspnoea, 475 Constipation, 475 Piles, 475 Diarrhoea, 475 Urine, state of, 475 Emaciation, 475 Diagnosis, 475 From atonic dyspepsia, 475 Gastric cancer, 476 ulcer, 476 Treatment, 476 Importance of rest, 476 Diet, 476 Milk, use of, 476 Diluents, use of, 477 mode of administering, 477 Gum-water, 477 Use of alkaline carbonates, 477 Alkaline mineral waters, 477 Carlsbad water, 477 Marienbad waters, 477 Hot water, 477 mode of administering, 478 Bismuth, 478 Charcoal, 478 Mercurials, 478 Nitrate of silver, 478 Astringents, 478 Stomach-pump, 478 Counter-irritation, 479 Mucous vomiting, 478 Constipation, 478

Gastric catarrh of phthisis, 475

Gastritis, catarrhal, complicating simple ulcer of stomach, 502 chronic catarrhal, as a cause of cirrhosis of stomach, 612 complicating gastric cancer, 560 influence on causation of dilatation of stomach, 590

Gastro-duodenal catarrh, signs of, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1027

Gastrodynia, 459

Gastro-intestinal canal, state of, in cancrum oris, 341 condition of, in parenchymatous glossitis, 362 in hereditary syphilis, 306 catarrh, signs of, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1053 in carcinoma of liver, 1038 of cirrhosis of liver, treatment, 1001 signs of, in hyperæmia of liver, 986 catarrhal symptoms in jaundice, 977 disorders, influence on causation of superficial glossitis, 355 in morbid dentition, 374 lesions in tabes mesenterica, 1188

Gastro-colic fistulæ, in gastric cancer, 558 in simple gastric ulcer, 508

Gastro-cutaneous fistulæ, in simple ulcer of stomach, 500

Gastromalacia, 618

Gastro-pleural fistulæ, in simple ulcer of stomach, 508

Gastrorrhagia, 580

Gastrostomy in cancer of stomach, 578 in dilatation of stomach, 609 use of, in cancer of oesophagus, 428 in dilatation of oesophagus, 435 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 426

Gargles, use of, in acute pharyngitis, 397 in tonsillitis, 388

General progressive form of rheumatoid arthritis, symptoms, 80

Genito-urinary affections, complicating gout, 123

Geographical distribution of cholera morbus, 720 of diabetes mellitus, 203 of acute intestinal catarrh, 669 of cancer of stomach, 535 of simple ulcer of stomach, 485 of tabes mesenterica, 1184

Germ, infective, origin of acute rheumatism, 26

Glands, abdominal, diseases of, 1182 bronchial and tracheal, enlargement in rachitis, 153 changes in, in scrofula, 239, 240 gastric, alterations, in chronic gastritis, 472 of Lieberkühn, elongation of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 703 lymphatic, enlargement of, in tuberculous pharyngitis, 401 swelling of, in acute pharyngitis, 395 mesenteric change in, in tabes mesenterica, 1187 pharyngeal, hypertrophy of, in chronic pharyngitis, 403

GLOSSITIS, 354 Definition, 354 Glossitis, superficial, 355 Definition, 355 Synonyms, 355 Etiology, 355 Teeth, irregular and jagged, 355 Tobacco, 355 Liquids, hot and acrid, 355 Nervous irritation, 355 Stomatitis, 355 Febrile affections, 355 Gastro-intestinal disease, 355 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 355 Nature, 355 Lesions, description of, 355 Epithelium, increase and detachment of, 355 Papillæ, enlargement, 355, 356 Unilateral, 356 Psoriasis linguæ, 356 Superficial ulceration, 356 Microscopic appearance, 356 Ichthyosis linguæ, 356 Relative frequency of, in smokers and non-smokers, 356 Termination in epithelioma, 356 Symptoms, 357 Local, 357 General, 357 Diagnosis, 357 Treatment, 357 Importance of treating gastric complications, 557 Local, 357 Of ulcers, 357 Removal of imperfect teeth, 357 Glossitis Parasitica (Black tongue), 357 Definition, 357 Synonyms, 357 History, 357 Etiology, 358 Faulty nutrition, 358 Chlorate of potash, use of, 358 Syphilis, 358 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 358 Discoloration of tongue, 358 Papillæ, enlargement of, 358 Parasitic growth, 358 microscopic appearance, 358 mode of development, 358 seat of, 358 Symptoms, 359 Diagnosis, 359 Prognosis, 359 Treatment, 359 Indications, 359 Local, 359 Use of potassium chloride, 359 sodium borate, 359 Glossitis, Parenchymatous, 359 Definition, 359 Synonyms, 359 History, 359 Etiology, 359 Impaired health, 359 Atmospheric changes, 359 Cold and damp, 359 Age, 360 Influenza, 360 Improper and acrid food, 360 Certain plants, 360 Tobacco, 360 Acute exanthemata, 360 Disease of mucous membranes, 360 Endemic and epidemic nature, 360 Traumatic form, 360 Teeth, irregular, 360 Injuries, 360 Acrid and irritant poisons, 360 Saliva of the toad, 360 Symptoms, 360 Mode of onset, 360 Tongue, condition of, 361 enlargement of, 361 pain in, 361 desquamation of, 361 chronic induration of, 361 gangrene of, 361 Lymphatic glands, swelling of, 361 Respiration, laborious, 361 Deglutition, difficult, 361 Physiognomy, 361 Saliva, dribbling, 361 Thirst, 362 Cough, 362 Pyrexia, 362 Pulse, 362 Skin, condition of, 362 Gastro-intestinal canal, condition of, 362 Nervous system, 362 Resolution, 362 Suppuration, 362 Gangrene of tongue, 362 Duration, 362 Complications, 362 Diffused inflammation of areolar tissue between genio-hyo-glossi muscles, 362 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 363 Chordo-tympani and glosso-pharyngeal nerve, relation to causation, 363 Tongue, infiltration of, by fibrin and serum, 363 Epithelium, changes in, 363 Suppuration, nature of, 363 seat of pointing, 363 Gangrene of tongue, cause of, 363 Muscles, condition of, in diffuse inter-connective tissue inflammation, 363 Diagnosis, 363 From hypertrophy of tongue, 364 cystoma of tongue, 364 Prognosis, 364 Mortality, 364 Treatment, 364 Of mild cases, 364 Antiphlogistic, 364 Of debility, 364 Of severe cases, 365 Of localized form, 365 Diet, 365 Enemata, nutrient, 365 Abscesses, 365 Of tumefaction of tongue, 365 Of gangrene of tongue, 366 Local, 365 Use of aconite, 364 of tartar emetic, 364 of leeching, 364 of venesection, 364 of iron and quinia, 365 of deep incisions, 365 of astringents, 365 of detergent washes, 365 of spray of ammonium chloride, 365 Glossitis, Chronic, 366 Glossitis, Chronic Superficial, 366 Etiology, 366 Dyspepsia, 366 Chronic alcoholism, 366 Symptoms, 366 Pain in taking acid food, 366 Sensation of enlarged tongue, 366 Tongue, appearance of, 366 furrows of, 366 Papillæ, enlarged, 366 Ulcers, superficial, 366 Pathology, 367 Diagnosis, 367 From syphilis, 367 epithelioma, 367 Prognosis, 367 Treatment, 367 Cleanliness, necessity of, 367 Diet, 367 Exercise, 367 Avoidance of alcohol, 367 Local, 367 Glossitis, Chronic Parenchymatous, 367 Definition, 367 Pathology, 368 Connective-tissue hyperplasia, 368 Symptoms, 368 Tongue, induration of, 367, 368 circumscribed tumefaction of, 367, 368 loss of sensibility of, 367, 368 enlargement or atrophy of, 367, 368 chronic abscess of, 368 Pain in taking arid and sapid food, 368 Difficult articulation and deglutition, 368 Diagnosis, 368 From cystic tumor, 368 Prognosis, 368 Treatment, 368 Local, 368 General, 368 Glossanthrax (Carbuncle of Tongue, _Malignant Pustule of Tongue_), 368 Definition, 368 Etiology, 368 Symptoms, 368 Prognosis, 368 Treatment, 368

Gluten bread, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 222

Glycosuria, artificial, methods of production, 195-199 influence of vaso-motor nerves on production, 196-199 relation of sympathetic nerve to, 196 complicating gout, 123 hepatic, 973

Gold and silver, use of, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030

Gold and sodium chloride, use of, in amyloid liver, 1046 in cirrhosis of liver, 1001

Gonorrhoea complicating gout, 123 of rectum, treatment of, 918

Gonorrhoeal bursitis, symptoms of, 105 poison, influence on causation of proctitis, 888 rheumatism, 102

GOUT, 108 Definition, 108 Synonyms, 108 Classification, 108 History, 109 Etiology, 109 Predisposing causes, 109 Heredity, 109 Sex, 109 Age, 110 Temperament, 110 Vicious hygiene, influence of, on causation, 110 Luxurious living, influence of, on causation, 110 Poverty, influence of, on causation, 110, 111 Alcoholic liquors, influence of, on causation, 111 Fermented liquors, influence of, on causation, 111 Malt liquors, influence of, on causation, 111 Cider, influence of, on causation, 111 Lead-poisoning, relation of, to causation, 111 Exciting causes, 112 Errors in diet, 112 Sudden changes in temperature, 112 Traumatism, 112 Nervous exhaustion, 112 Overwork, 112 Sexual excess, 112 Pathology, 112 Theories regarding, 112 Lithæmic theory, 112 Chemical theory, 112 Defective oxidation, origin of, from, 112, 113 Uric-acid theory, 112, 113 objections to, 113, 114 Nervous theory of origin, 114 Morbid anatomy, 115 Changes in blood, 115 Uric acid, excess of, in blood, 115 Urates, deposits of, 115 Exudations, composition of, 115 location, 115 Joints, changes in, 116 Cartilages, changes in, 115 necrosis of, 116 relation of, to uratic deposits, 116 Synovial membranes, changes in, 115 Joints, hyperplasia of connective tissue of, 116 abscesses of, 116 metatarso-phalangeal, frequency of disease of, 116 most affected, 116 Blood-vessels, changes in, 117 Heart, changes in, 117 Nerves, changes in, 117 Kidneys, changes in, 117 cirrhosis of, 117 deposits in, 117 seat and character, 117 uratic deposits in, 117 Liver, changes in, 117, 118 Symptoms, 118 Prodromal, 118 Derangements of primary digestion, 118 Dyspepsia, 118 Constipation, 118 Diarrhoea, 118 Nervous symptoms accompanying, 118 Derangements of nutrition, 118 Catarrhal affections of skin, 118 mucous membranes, 118 Debility, 118 Irritability of temper, 118 Hypochondriasis, 118 Acute articular form, 119 attack, 119 Onset, 119 Fever, 119 Sleeplessness, 119 Pain, 119 Local, 119 Condition of joint, 119 Reflex muscular spasm, 119 Urine, changes in, 119 amount of uric acid in, during attack, 119 Duration, 119 Improved health following, 119 Atonic or irregular forms, 120 General symptoms, 120 Dyspepsia, 120 Urine, changes in, 120 specific gravity, 120 amount of urea, uric acid, and urates, 120 Polyuria, 120, 123 Articular symptoms, 121 Joints most affected, 121 Pain, 121 Deformities, 121 Exacerbations, frequency of, 121 Complications, 121 Skin affections, 121 Perspirations, local, 121 Seborrhoea, 121 Eczema, 121 relation of, to, 121, 122 seat and character, 122 Acne, 121 Erythematous affections, 121 Affections of mucous membranes, 122 Pharyngeal and laryngeal catarrh, 122 Bronchitis, 122 Gastro-duodenal catarrh, 122 Intestinal catarrh, 122 Genito-urinary affections, 123 Vesical catarrh, 123 Gonorrhoea, 123 Granular kidney, 123 Albuminuria, 123 importance of, 123 Glycosuria, 123 Gravel, 124 Renal colic, 124 Dysuria, 124 Diagnosis, 124 Relation of, to acute and chronic rheumatic diseases, 124 to gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 124 Importance of heredity in, 125 From acute rheumatism, 125 rheumatoid arthritis, 125 traumatic joint affections, 126 nervous arthropathies, 126 Of irregular gout, 126 Prognosis, 126 Effects of renal affections on, 127 treatment on, 127 Treatment, 127 Indications, 127 Dietetic, 127 Necessity of avoidance of carbohydrates, 128 of fermented alcoholic liquors, 128 of beer and wine, 128 of saccharine and amylaceous foods, 128, 129 Use of fatty foods, 129 of succulent vegetables, 129 of milk, 129 Proper amount of food, 129 Necessity of exercise, 130, 131 Active and passive exercise, 130 Bathing, 130 Baths, use of, 130 Climate, 130 Medicinal, 131 Of the dyspepsia, 131 Gastro-intestinal catarrh, 131 Use of pepsin and pancreatin, 131 of hydragogue cathartics, 131 of natural mineral waters, 131 of iron, 132 and potash, 132 of alkalies, 132 of lithia salts, 132 of potassium salts, 132 of sodium salts, 132 Modes of administering alkaline salts, 132, 133 Use of iodine salts, 132 of water, 133 Of acute articular gout, 133 Antiphlogistic method, 133 Expectant method, 133 By diet, 133 Local, 134 Abortive method, 134 Use of colchicum, 134 action of, 134 objections to, 134 method of administration, 135 salicylic acid and salicylates, 135 oil of wintergreen, 136

Gout, influence on causation of chronic intestinal catarrh, 699 of rachitis, 144 of rheumatoid arthritis, 89 and rheumatism, influence on causation of acute gastritis, 464

Gravel complicating gout, 124

Guaiacum, use of, in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 in tonsillitis, 388 and colchicum, use of, in constipation, 656

Guinea-worm, 962

Gummata of lungs in hereditary syphilis, 307 of rectum and anus, 900

Gummatous infiltration in syphilitic pharyngitis, 407

Gums, state of, in morbid dentition, 373 in scurvy, 177

Gum-water, use of, in chronic gastritis, 477

Gymnastic exercises, use of, in rachitis, 166

H.

Habit, influence on causation of constipation, 640 scrofulous, peculiarities of, 243, 244

Hæmatemesis in lardaceous degeneration of intestines, 875 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1028 in purpura hæmorrhagica, 188 in scurvy, 180 in cancer of stomach, treatment of, 577 in dilatation of stomach, 594 in hemorrhage from stomach, 586 in simple ulcer of stomach, 493

Hæmatogenous jaundice, 975

Hæmaturia in Bilharzia hæmatobia, 948 in Filaria sanguinis, 963 in purpura hæmorrhagica, 188 in scurvy, 180

Hæmophilia, influence on causation of stomatorrhagia, 370 of hemorrhage from bowels, 830 of hemorrhage from stomach, 582

Hair, growth on forehead and shoulders, in scrofula, 246

Hairs on mucous membrane of anus, 892

Hallucinations in constipation, 647

Hamamelis virginica, use of, in hemorrhoids, 923

Hand, deformities of in general rheumatoid arthritis, 82

Head, changes in, in rachitis, 146 of Tænia saginata, 934 of tape-worm, description of, 932

Headache in biliousness, 966 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1054, 1055 in constipation, 646, 647, 853 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 767 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708 in intestinal indigestion, 628 in jaundice, 980 in lithæmia, 970 in acute gastritis, 467 in chronic gastritis, 475 in scurvy, 180 in simple ulcer of stomach, 494 in trichinosis, 960 and vertigo, in cancer of stomach, 554

Hearing, disorders of, in constipation, 647 in diabetes mellitus, 205 in scurvy, 181

Heart-action, cause of slowing of, in jaundice, 979

Heart affections in acute rheumatism, 28, 31 complicating chronic articular rheumatism, 72 disease, influence on causation of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 of intestinal indigestion, 626 of simple ulcer of stomach, 487 organic, influence on causation of constipation, 641 as a cause of hyperæmia of liver, 984 disease of, as a cause of ascites, 1174 complicating simple ulcer of stomach, 503 disturbance in biliary concretions, 1077 in chronic gastritis, 474 in intestinal indigestion, 628 in rachitis, 152 lesions of, in gout, 117 in acute intestinal catarrh, 677 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 705 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1026 weak, as a cause of thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1095 and blood-vessels, lesions of, in scurvy, 172 and circulation, condition of, in scurvy, 179 and lungs, disease of, influence on causation of acute gastritis, 464 of chronic gastritis, 471 of gastric hemorrhage, 581 and membranes, lesions of, in acute rheumatism, 31-36

Heartburn in functional dyspepsia, 449 in dilatation of stomach, 593

Heat, extreme, influence on causation of cholera morbus, 720 of aphthous stomatitis, 326 of mouth, in aphthous stomatitis, 329 in stomatitis ulcerosa, 337 in rectum in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 use of, in enteralgia, 665 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834

Heberden's nodosities of rheumatoid arthritis, 86

Hectic in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 in chronic form of peri-rectal and anal abscesses, 896

Hemiplegia following chronic intestinal catarrh, 710

Hemorrhage, frequency of, in scurvy, 179, 180

HEMORRHAGE FROM BOWELS, 830 General remarks, 830 Etiology, 830 Constipation, 830 Scybalous masses, 830 Hemorrhoids, 830 Anal fissure, 830 Foreign bodies, 830 Abuse of cathartics, 830 Parasites, 831 Anomalies in intestinal walls, 831 Dysentery, 831 Typhoid fever, 831 Embolism, 831 Tuberculous and syphilitic ulceration, 831 Invagination, 831 Polypi, 831 Tumors, 831 Diseases of blood-vessels, 832 Acute infectious diseases, 832 Hæmophilia, 832 Leuchæmia, 832 Anæmia, pernicious, 832 Of melæna neonatorum, 832 Morbid anatomy, 832 Symptoms, 832 Pains and borborygmi, 833 Blood, appearance of, 833 Stools, tarry, 833 Concealed form, 833 Collapse, 833 Syncope, 833 Anæmia, progressive, 833 Diagnosis, 833 of seat, 833 importance of examination of rectum in, 834 Treatment, 834 Rest, 834 Of collapse, 834 Of anæmia, 834 Diet, 834 Cold, use of, 834 Ice-water injections, 834 Ergotin, use of, 834 Opium, use of, 834 Tannic acid, 834 Tincture of iron, 834 Acetate of lead, 834 Alum, 834 Turpentine, 834 Alcohol, 834 Heat for collapse, 834 Transfusion of blood, 834 Milk, use of, 834

Hemorrhage from bowels, in intestinal ulcer, 827 mucous surfaces in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1028 mouth. See Stomatorrhagia. occlusion of biliary passages, 1089 stomach, 580 rectum, 899 in cancrum oris, 341 in internal hemorrhoids, 884 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030

Hemorrhages in cirrhosis of liver, 994 into pancreas, 1129 in purpura hæmorrhagica, 188 in cancer of stomach, 545 in simple ulcer of stomach, 492 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1100 in cancer of rectum and anus, 904 in polypi of rectum, 882 sudden suppression of, as a cause of hyperæmia of liver, 984

Hemorrhagic diathesis, tendency to, in jaundice, 981 effusion into peritoneum, 1180 extravasations in acute pancreatitis, 1118 in liver tissue in acute yellow atrophy of, 1025 form of acute intestinal catarrh, treatment, 698

Hemorrhoids, 882 complicating constipation, 645, 648 external, 883 internal, 883 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 in intestinal indigestion, 627 in amyloid liver, 1044 in cirrhosis of liver, 994 influence on causation of hemorrhage from bowels, 830

Hepar adiposum, 1046

Hepatic calculi, 1058 colic, 1058, 1070 distinguished from enteralgia, 664 relation to malaria, 1071, 1072 disease, as a cause of hemorrhoids, 884 complicating chronic intestinal catarrh, 710 influence on causation of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 disturbance, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 447 duct, cause of occlusion of, 1084 effects of occlusion of, 1085 dulness, increased, in hyperæmia of liver, 986 form of functional dyspepsia, treatment, 457 glycosuria, 973 resonance on percussion, significance, 1156 secretion, deficient, in intestinal indigestion, treatment, 635

Hepatogenous jaundice, 976

Hereditary nature of rachitis, 144 syphilis. See Syphilis, Hereditary.

Heredity, influence on causation of constipation, 640 of diabetes mellitus, 203 of functional dyspepsia, 438 of enteralgia, 659 of gout, 109 of cancer of intestine, 869 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 699 of intestinal indigestion, 623 of carcinoma of liver, 1033 of purpura, 191 of acute rheumatism, 21 of chronic articular rheumatism, 70 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 103 of muscular rheumatism, 75 of rheumatoid arthritis, 88, 91 of scrofula, 232 of cancer of stomach, 535 of tonsillitis, 380 of tabes mesenterica, 1105

Hernia, complicating constipation, 648 internal, laparotomy for, 866 strangulated, forms of, 843

Herniæ, weight, influence on causation of dilatation of stomach, 590

Hernial sacs, stomach in, 617

Herpes of anus, 892 zoster due to biliary calculi, 1078

Herpetic form of acute pharyngitis, nature and course, 392 tonsillitis, etiology, 380 form of tonsillitis, treatment of, 388

Hiccough in acute gastritis, 467 in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 420 in cancer of stomach, 540

Histology of gastric cancer, 563, 564, 565

History of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 of cancrum oris, 338, 339 of cholera morbus, 719 of dysentery, 777 of enteralgia, 658 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 763 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1023 of gout, 109 of glossitis parasitica, 357 of parenchymatous glossitis, 359 of acute intestinal catarrh, 667 of macroglossia, 349 of acute oesophagitis, 409 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 422 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 419 of diseases of pancreas, 1112 of paratyphlitis, 814 of acute pharyngitis, 400 of peritonitis, 1132 of introduction of opium in treatment of acute peritonitis, 1146-1151 of rheumatoid arthritis, 78 of scurvy, 167-169 of cancer of stomach, 530 of cirrhosis of stomach, 611 of dilatation of stomach, 586 of simple ulcer of stomach, 480 of tabes mesenterica, 1183 of thrush, 331 of tonsillitis, 379 of typhlitis, 814

Hoarseness in chronic pharyngitis, 404

Hob-nail appearance of hepatic surface in cirrhosis of liver, 992

Hog, Trichina spiralis in, 958

Hooklets, in fluid of hydatids of liver, significance, 1105

Hot climates, influence on causation of intestinal indigestion, 624 drinks, as a cause of acute oesophagitis, 410 influence on causation of chronic oesophagitis, 416 embrocations in typhlitis, 820 season, influence on causation of dysentery, 787 weather, intestinal affections of children in, 726

Hot-water injections in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 774 in intestinal obstruction, 860 in intestinal ulcer, 829 use of, in gastralgia, 463 in chronic gastritis, 477 in pruritus ani, 917 in sphincterismus, 916

Hour-glass contraction of stomach, 617 in gastric cancer, 566

Hutchinson on peculiarities of incisor teeth in hereditary syphilis, 293, 294

Hunyadi Jânos water, use of, in intestinal indigestion, 636

Hydatid tumors, varieties and seat, 944

Hydatids of liver, 1101

Hydrocephalus, spurious, in entero-colitis, 735

Hydrochloric acid, use of, in functional dyspepsia, 456 free, detection of, in fluids of gastric cancer, 543 use of, in dilatation of stomach, 609

Hydrocyanic acid, use of, in cholera morbus, 725 in functional dyspepsia, 458, 459 in gastralgia, 463 in acute gastritis, 469

Hydrogen peroxide, use of, in tuberculous pharyngitis, 402

Hydrophobia, influence on causation of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 419

Hydrotherapy, use of, in functional dyspepsia, 457

Hydrothorax, complicating gastric cancer, 560

Hygiene, bad, influence on causation of scrofula, 232 improper, influence on causation of chronic intestinal catarrh, 699

Hygienic treatment of diabetes mellitus, 225 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 776 of intestinal indigestion, 632 of chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1122 of obstruction of pancreatic duct, 1131 of acute rheumatism, 69 of muscular rheumatism, 77 of rheumatoid arthritis, 101 of scurvy, 183 of tabes mesenterica, 1194

Hyperæmia of liver, 983 relation to causation of diabetes mellitus, 195

Hyperplasia and atrophy of liver, in phosphorus-poisoning, 1031

Hyperpyrexia in acute rheumatism, 29, 66 of acute rheumatism, treatment of, 66-68 treatment, in acute intestinal catarrh, 692

Hypertrophy, of intestinal walls in constipation, 644 of gastric walls in stenosis of pylorus, 615 in dilatation of stomach, 599 of tongue, 349

Hypochondria in fatty liver, 1048

Hypochondriasis in functional dyspepsia, 451 in gout, 118

Hypochondrium, right, uneasiness in, from gall-stones, 1069

Hypodermatic alimentation in simple ulcer of stomach, 525 use of iron in simple ulcer of stomach, 528

Hypogastric plexus, lesions, in acute peritonitis, 1136

Hypophosphates, use of, in scrofula, 252

Hypostatic congestion of lungs in entero-colitis, 734 pneumonia, in entero-colitis, 735

Hysteria in hepatic colic, 1071 influence on causation of oesophageal paralysis, 429

Hysterical form of enteralgia, treatment, 664 origin of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 767 phenomena in gastralgia, 461 symptoms of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 767

I.

Ice, use of, in cholera infantum, 762 in cholera morbus, 725 in entero-colitis, 762 in acute gastritis, 468 in acute intestinal catarrh, 689, 690, 693, 698 in intestinal ulceration, 829 in acute pancreatitis, 1120 in acute pharyngitis, 397 in acute oesophagitis, 416 in rectal hemorrhage, 927 in cancer of stomach, 576 in simple ulcer of stomach, 525 in aphthous stomatitis, 330 in catarrhal stomatitis, 325 in tonsillitis, 388 local use of, in intestinal obstruction, 864 locally, in proctitis, 919

Ice-bag, use of, in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 822

Ice-water, influence on causation of cholera morbus, 721 injections in dysentery, 810 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in hemorrhage from rectum, 927

Icterus, 925

Icthyosis linguæ, 356

Idiocy and cretinism, relation to macroglossia, 350

Idiopathic causes of gastric hemorrhage, 582 pancreatitis, acute, 1118 tonsillitis, 379

Idiosyncrasy, influence on causation of enteralgia, 660 of acute intestinal catarrh, 671 of intestinal indigestion, 623

Ignipuncture, use of, in hypertrophy of tongue, 354

Ileitis, 667, 683

Ileo-cæcal valve, lesions of, in entero-colitis, 737 variety of intussusception, 846

Ileo-colitis of acute intestinal catarrh, lesions of, 674

Ileum, lesions of, in entero-colitis, 737

Ileus, distinguished from enteralgia, 664

Impacted feces, influence on causation of ulceration of rectum and anus, 894

Impaction of biliary calculi, 1074 of foreign bodies, as a cause of intestinal obstruction, 837

Impurities of air, influence on causation of entero-colitis, 728-730

Incision, deep in parenchymatous glossitis, 365 in fissure of anus, 912 in fistula in ano, 922

Incisions, use of, in acute pharyngitis, 397

Incisor teeth, Hutchinson on peculiarities of, in hereditary syphilis, 293, 294

Indigestion. See Functional Dyspepsia. influence on causation of constipation, 642 of enteralgia, 660 in atrophy of stomach, 616

Indigo-carmine test for sugar in urine, 216

Individual predisposition, influence on causation of gastric cancer, 537

Induration of tongue in chronic parenchymatous glossitis, 367 in tubercular ulceration of tongue, 369

Infants, treatment of constipation in, 656

Infants' foods, farinaceous, analysis of, 750, 751

Infantile peritonitis, 1172

Infection, syphilitic, of child at moment of conception, 262, 267 during birth, 269 during utero-gestation, 267 of mother by foetus in utero, 262

Infectious diseases, acute, as a cause of hemorrhage from stomach, 581

Infiltration, fatty, of pancreas, 1128

Infiltrating form of carcinoma of liver, 1034

Inflammation, scrofulous, Cornil and Ranvier on causes of, 239

Inflammatory affections of pancreas, 1118 diseases of stomach, 436 nature of syphilitic pharyngitis, 406 nature of rachitis, 137, 138 theory of origin of gastric ulcer, 512

Inflation of stomach, value, in diagnosis of gastric cancer, 549

Ingluvin, use of, in simple ulcer of stomach, 525

Inhalations, steam, use of, in acute pharyngitis, 397, 398

Injection of bowel in intestinal obstruction, 864 of ice-water in hemorrhage from rectum, 927 subcutaneous, of oil, in simple ulcer of stomach, 525

Injections of hot water, in intestinal ulcer, 829 uterine, influence on causation of acute peritonitis, 1140

Injury, influence on causation of acute intestinal catarrh, 673 of acute oesophagitis, 411 of diseases of pancreas, 1114 of acute peritonitis, 1140 of acute pharyngitis, 391 of rheumatoid arthritis, 91 of scrofula, 236 of cirrhosis of stomach, 612 of rupture of stomach, 618 of simple ulcer of stomach, 486

Injuries, influence on causation of diabetes mellitus, 203 of parenchymatous glossitis, 360

Inosite in diabetic urine, 208 test for, in diabetic urine, 217

Inspissated bile, 1058 treatment of, 1079

Intellect, state of, in rachitis, 149

Intermarriage of scrofulous persons, 249

Intermittence of pain in simple ulcer of stomach, 491

Intermittent fever, complicating chronic intestinal catarrh, 710 influence on causation of simple gastric ulcer, 488

Internal hemorrhoids, symptoms of, 883 strangulated hernia, forms of, 843

Interstitial hepatitis, 990 keratitis in hereditary syphilis, 299 pancreatitis, chronic, 1121

INTESTINES, CANCER OF, 868 Definition, 868 Etiology, 868 Forms of, 868 Scirrhous, 868 Lympho-sarcoma, 868 Cylinder-cell, 868 Colloid, 868 Primary, 868 Secondary, 868 Relative frequency, 868 Seat, 869 of secondary form, 869 Age, influence of, on causation, 869 Sex, influence of, on causation, 869 Heredity, influence of, on causation, 869 Exciting causes, 869 Symptoms, 869 Vagueness of early symptoms, 869 Irregular bowels, 869 Undefined pains, 869 Physiognomy, 869 Tumor, presence of, 869 character of, 870 pain in, 870 pulsation of, 870 Of duodenal form, 870 pain in, 870 vomiting in, 870 Of lower intestine, 870 constipation, 871 stools, bloody and mucous, 871 sudden disappearance of symptoms from softening of tumor, 871 Oedema, 871 Wasting, 871 Cachexia, 871 Duration, 871, 873 Morbid anatomy, 871 Cylinder-cell epithelioma most common form, 871 Method of growth, 872 Scirrhous form, method of growth of, 872 Ulceration in, 872 Colloid form, method of growth of, 872 Invasion of neighboring parts, 873 Secondary to hepatic cancer, 873 Melanotic sarcoma, secondary to tumor of eye or skin, 873 Diagnosis, 873 Of duodenal form, 873 from pyloric cancer, 873 Tumor, significance of, 873 from fecal tumor, 873 Significance of cancerous fragments in stools, 873 Prognosis, 873 Death, cause of, 873 Treatment, 874 Diet, 874

INTESTINES, LARDACEOUS DEGENERATION OF, 874 Synonyms, 874 Frequency, 874 Symptoms, absence of specific, 874 Diarrhoea, 874 Hemorrhage from bowels, 874 Hæmatemesis, 875 General condition, 875 Death, cause, 875 Morbid anatomy, 875 Seat of degeneration, 875 Mucous membrane, lesions of, 875 Iodine test, 875 Methyl-aniline-violet test, 875 Method of testing, 876 Ulceration and enlargement of mucous surface, 876 Microscopic appearance of lardaceous materials, 876 Degeneration of the vessels, 876 Diagnosis, 876 Prognosis, 876 Treatment, 876 Incurability of, 876 Diet, 876 Of diarrhoea, 876 Bismuth subnitrate, use of, in large doses, 876 Of hemorrhage, 876

INTESTINAL AFFECTIONS OF CHILDREN IN HOT WEATHER, 726 Entero-colitis, 726 Etiology, 727 Summer heats, 727 Season, 727, 728 Vitiated air, 728-730 nature of impurities in, 729 gases, 729 organic matter, 729 Over-crowding, 730 Filth, 730 Improper food, 731, 732 Artificial feeding, 731 Poor breast-milk, 731 Impure cow's milk, 731 Age, influence on causation, 732 Relation of dentition to, 733 Symptoms, 733 Onset, 733 Stools, characters of, 733, 734, 736 Tongue, state, 733 Vomiting, 733 significance of date of appearance of, 733, 734 Vomit, characters, 733 Pulse, state of, 734, 736 Fever, 734, 736 Skin, state of, 734, 736 Kidneys, state of, 734 Skin eruptions, 734 Hypostatic congestion of lungs, 734 pneumonia, 735 Spurious hydrocephalus, 735 symptoms, 735 Convalescence, 736 Death, cause of, 736 Wasting, 736 Drowsiness, 735, 736 Morbid anatomy, 736 Hyperæmia of mucous membrane, 737 Duodenum, lesions of, 737 Jejunum, lesions of, 737 Ileum, lesions of, 737 Ileo-cæcal valve, thickening of, 737 Ulcers, 737, 738 seat of, 737, 738 Mucous membrane, softening of, 737 Colon, lesions of, 738 Solitary glands, enlargement of, 738 Peyer's patches, enlargement of, 738 Appendix vermiformis, lesions of, 738 Mesenteric glands, enlargement of, 739 Stomach, lesions of, 739 Mouth, lesions of, 739 Liver, lesions of, 739 Lungs, lesions of, 740 Brain, lesions of, 740 Diagnosis, 740 Significance of abdominal tenderness, 740 Prognosis, 741 Mortality, 726, 727 Cholera Infantum, or Choleriform Diarrhoea, 741 Nature, 744 Relation to thermic fever, 745 Symptoms, 741 Onset, 741 Stools, 741 characters of, 741 Vomiting, 742 Appetite, impaired, 742 Thirst, 742 Tongue, state of, 742 Temperature, 742 Restlessness, 742 Loss of strength, 742 Emaciation, 742 Urine, state of, 742 Pulse, state of, 742 Stupor, 742 Morbid anatomy, 742 Rilliet and Barthez on lesions, 742 Stomach, lesions of, 743, 744 Intestinal canal, lesions of, 743, 744 Bacteria, significance of, 744 Diagnosis, 745 Prognosis, 745 Duration, 746 Treatment, 746 Preventive, 746 Weaning, time for, 746 Change of air, 746, 756 Amount of food ingested by healthy infants, 746 Curative, 747 Diet, 746, 748 Milk, use of, 749 Woman's milk, composition of, 749, 750 Cow's milk, composition of, 749, 750 Farinaceous foods, analyses of, 750, 751 Cow's milk, objections to, 749, 751 Peptonized milk, use of, 751, 753 Mode of peptonizing, 752 Oatmeal and barley as diluents, 753 Farinaceous foods, use of, 753 Flour-ball, use of, 754, 755 Liebig's foods, use of, 754 Nestle's food, use of, 754 Ridge's food, use of, 754 Condensed milk, use of, 754 Beef-, mutton-, and chicken-tea, use of, 755 Necessity of cleanliness, 756 Change of climate, 756 Medicinal, 757 Of first stage, 757 Purgatives, use of, 757 Sodium benzoate, use of, 757, 761 Sodium bicarbonate, 757 Opium, use of, 758, 759 Mist. cretæ, use of, 758 Bismuth subnitrate, use of, 758 Of cholera infantum, 759 Of cerebral symptoms, 759 Bromide of potassium, use of, 759 Of second stage, 759 Pepsin, use of, 760 Calomel, use of, 760 Lactopeptin, use of, 760 Enemata, use of, 760 Argenti nitratis, use of, 761 Alcohol, use of, 761 Of vomiting, 761 Lime-water, use of, 762 Carbolic acid, use of, 761 Ipecacuanha, use of, 762 Ice, use of, 762 Liquor ferri nitratis, use of, 762

Intestinal canal, lesions of, in cholera infantum, 743, 744 state of, in catarrh of bile-duct, 1054

INTESTINAL CATARRH, ACUTE, 667 Synonyms, 667 History, 667 Nature and classification, 668 Inflammatory nature, 668 Etiology, 669 Geographical distribution, 669 Race, 669 Sex, 669 Age, 670 Climate, 669 Summer heats, 669 Sudden changes of temperature, 670 Cold, 670 External burns, 670 Impure air, 670 Sewer gas, 670 Temperament and idiosyncrasy, 671 Previous attacks, 671 Sedentary, life, 671 Abuse of tobacco and alcohol, 671, 672 Constipation, 671 Eruptive fevers, 671 Uræmia, 671 Malaria, 671 Chronic wasting diseases, 671 Phthisis, 671 Improper and excessive food, 671, 672 Irritant and caustic poisons, 672 Drastic purgatives, 672 Foreign bodies, 672 Impure water, 672, 673 Injury, 673 Emotional influence, 673 Lesions of nerve-centres, 673 Micro-organisms, 673 Bacteria, 673 Morbid anatomy, 673 External appearance of intestines, 673 Distension of colon and cæcum, 673 of small intestines, 673 Color of intestines, 673 Serous membrane of intestines, lesions of, 674 Appearance of intestinal contents, 674 Intestinal mucous membrane, lesions of, 674 Mucous membrane, seat of inflammation of, 674 Ileo-colitis, 674 Duodenal mucous membrane, lesions of, 674 Hyperæmia of mucous membrane, 674 Swelling and softening of, 675 Villi, lesions of, 675 Solitary glands, lesions of, 675 Peyer's patches, tumefaction of, 675 Ulcers, catarrhal, 676 follicular, 676 seat of, 676 Mucous collections, 676 Vibrios and bacteria, 676 Mesenteric glands, enlargement of, 677 Liver, lesions of, 677 Spleen, lesions of, 677 Kidneys, lesions of, 677 Lungs, lesions of, 677 Heart, lesions of, 677 Brain, lesions of, 677 Pathological histology, 677 Congestion of capillaries, 677 Transudation of serum, 677 Rupture of small vessels, 677 Increase of mucus, 677 Origin of mucus, 677 Increased cellular growth, 677 Formation of ulcers, 677 Desquamation of epithelium, 677 Symptoms, 677 Mild forms of, 678 Onset of, 678 Pain, 678 Stools, character of, 678 Tongue, dryness of, 678 Duration of, 678, 681 Severe forms of, 678 Pain and colics, 679, 682 Borborygmi, 679 Tympanites, 679 Abdomen, intumescence of, 679 tenderness of, 679 soreness on moving, 679 pain in, 679, 682 Diarrhoea, 679, 681 Number of stools, 679 Character of stools, 680, 681, 682 Color of stools, 680, 681, 682 Blood in stools, 680, 681, 682 Odor of stools, 680 Tongue, condition of, 680, 681 Thirst, 680, 681 Nausea and vomiting, 681 Fever, 681 Urine, condition of, 681 Paraplegia and muscular contraction, 681 Delirium, 681 Physiognomy, 681 Emaciation, 682 Collapse, 682 Pulse, 682 Duration, 682 In children, 682 Loss of strength, 682 Choleriform diarrhoea, 682 Varieties due to seat, 682 Acute duodenitis, 682 relation to integumental burns, 682 symptoms, 682 ileitis, 683 jejunitis, 683 symptoms, 683 colitis, 683 symptoms, 684 bloody stools, 684 tenesmus, 684 Proctitis, 684 symptoms, 684 burning in rectum, 684 tenesmus, 684 mucous stools, 684 Diagnosis, 684 Of ileo-colitis, 685 Of follicular ulceration, 685 In children, 686 From typhoid fever, 676, 685, 686 dysentery, 686 enteralgia, 686 abdominal rheumatism, 686 lead colic, 686 peritonitis, 686 Prognosis, 687 Treatment, 687 Prophylactic, 687 Change of climate, 688 Disinfection, 688 Proper clothing, 688 When arising from cold, 688 heat, 688 undigested food, 689 Bright's disease, 689 phthisis, 689 Value of rest, 690 of counter-irritation, 688, 690, 698 Of thirst, 690 Of hyperpyrexia, 692 Of flatulence, 693 Of diarrhoea, 693 Of ulcers, 698 Of hemorrhagic form, 698 Of choleraic form in children, 698 in adults, 698 Of duodenitis, 698 By rectum, 697 Diet, 687, 688, 690 in children, 692 of convalescence, 692 Use of blood-letting, 690 of milk, 690, 691 of buttermilk, 691 of koumiss, 691 of eggs, 691 of beef-tea, 691 of raw-beef, 691 of milk, 690, 691 of poultices, 688, 690 of sinapisms, 688, 690 of ice, 689, 690, 693, 698 of warm and cold baths, 692 of aconite, 689 of quinia, 692 of jaborandi, 688 of bismuth, 693 of alkalies, 693 of mineral acids, 693, 694, 695 of opium, 689, 693, 698 of oxide of zinc, 694 of chalk mixture, 694 of lime-water, 694 of cassava-water, 694 of sugar of lead, 694 of calomel, 695 of bichloride of mercury, 695 of vegetable astringents, 695 of gallic acid, 695 of tannic acid, 695 of ipecacuanha, 695 of coto-bark, 696 of alum, 696 of sulphate of copper, 696 of nitrate of silver, 696, 698 of oxide of silver, 696 of iron, 696 of carbolic acid, 696 of creasote, 696 of salicylic acid, 696 of sulpho-carbolate of calcium, 696 of enemata, 697 of irrigation of large intestine, 697 of iced coffee in children, 698 of bromides, 698 of spirits of camphor, 698

INTESTINAL CATARRH, CHRONIC, 699 Etiology, 699 Age, 699 Sex, 699 Heredity, 699 Bad hygiene, 699 Overwork, 699 Chronic wasting diseases, 699 Phthisis, 699 Bright's disease, 699 Gout, 699 Addison's disease, 700 Syphilis, 700 Malaria, 700 Disease of heart and lungs, 700 liver, 700 Improper food, 700 Alcohol, 700 Foreign bodies, 700 Chronic lesions of bowels, 700 Morbid anatomy, 700 Intestines, seat of lesions, 700, 701 alteration in calibre, 700 Intestinal walls, hypertrophy, 700 Mucous membrane, lesions of, 700 alteration in color, 701 of ileum, swelling of, 701 hypertrophy of villi, 701 Solitary glands, alterations in, 702 Peyer's patches, alterations in, 702 Colon, ulcers of, 702 seat and character, 702 perforating, 702 Presence of pseudo-membrane, 702 Veins, varicose condition, 702 Duodenal ulcer from external burns and chronic Bright's disease, 703 from embolism, 703 Adhesions, peritoneal, 703 Suppuration of duodenum, 703 Chronic proctitis, lesions, 703 Mucous membrane, condition, 703 Inflammation of peri-rectal tissue, 703 Abscesses, 703 Fistulæ, 703 Pathological histology, 703 Increased cell-proliferation, 703 Hypertrophy of tissue, 703 Glands of Lieberkühn, elongation of, 703 Mode of formation of ulcers, 703 cicatrization of ulcers, 703 Formation of cysts, 704 origin, 704 polypoid growths, 704 seat, 704 Atrophy of intestinal walls, 704 seat, 704 mucous membrane in, 705 Amyloid degeneration of mucous membrane, 705 Peritoneum, lesions, 705 Mesenteric glands, enlargement, 705 Liver, lesions of, 705 abscess of, 705 Gall-bladder, lesions of, 705 Spleen, lesions of, 705 Pancreas, lesions of, 705 Kidneys, lesions of, 705 Heart, lesions of, 705 Lungs, lesions of, 706 Pleura, lesions of, 706 Cornea, lesions of, 706 Brain, lesions of, 706 Symptoms, 706 Mild forms, 706 State of bowels, 706 Signs of intestinal indigestion, 706 Time of appearance, 706 Fulness, 706 Colicky pains and borborygmi, 706 Constipation, 706 Diarrhoea, 706 Abdomen, state of, 706 Depression of spirits, 706 Hemorrhoids, 706 Severe forms, 707 Tongue, state, 707 Appetite impaired, 707 Time of appearance, 707 Pain, 707 Abdomen, state, 707 Tympanites, 707 Diarrhoea, 707 quantity, 707 Stools, appearance, 707 bloody, 707 mucous, 708 composition, 708 micrococci and bacteria in, 708 unaltered food (lientery), 708 Headache, 708 Depression, 708 Vertigo, 708 Sleeplessness, 708 Palpitation, 708 Urine, state, 708 Progress and termination, 709 Progressive emaciation, 709 Anæmia, 709 Cuticle, dryness of, 709 Fever, 709 Hectic, 709 Pulse, 709 Death, cause, 709 Complications, 709 Dropsy, general, 709 Oedema of one extremity, 709 Chronic bronchitis, 709 Phthisis, 709 Pneumonia, 709 Peritonitis, 710 Tuberculosis, 710 Bright's disease, 710 Intermittent and remittent fever, 710 Hepatic disease, 710 Ulceration of cornea, 710 Sequelæ, 710 Chronic intestinal indigestion, 710 Tabes mesenterica, 710 Constipation, 710 Stricture, intestinal, 710 Paralysis, 710 Para- and hemiplegia, 710 Diagnosis, 710 Of primary from secondary diarrhoea, 711 From chronic dysentery, 711 Of locality of lesion, 711 Of duodenal form, 711 Of catarrh of jejunum and ileum, 712 Of catarrh of colon, 712 Of stage of inflammatory process, 712 Of follicular ulceration, 712, 713 Of duodenal ulcer, 713 From tuberculous ulceration, 713 From cancerous ulceration, 713 Prognosis, 713 Treatment, 714 Preventive, 714, 715 Of cause, 714 Mild forms, 714 Diarrhoea, 715 Constipation, 714 Of follicular form, 715 ulceration, 718 Rest, 716 Change of residence, 715, 716 Baths, 714, 716 Sitz baths, 716 Permanent baths, 716 Exercise, 714, 716 Diet, 714, 716 Milk, 716 Use of stimulants, 716 wines, 716 purgatives, 714, 715 mineral waters, 714, 715 Rockbridge alum water, 714, 717 iron, 714, 715, 717 bitter tonics, 715 quinia, 715 mineral acids, 715 strychnia, 714, 715 medicated enemata, 714, 717, 718 rectal irrigation, cold water, 717 arsenic, 715 bismuth, 715, 717 liquor pancreaticus, 714 mineral astringents, 717 nitrate of silver, 717, 718 opium, 715, 718 turpentine and copaiba, 718 ergot, 718 cod-liver oil, 718 corrosive sublimate, 717 gallic acid, 717

Intestinal catarrh, complicating gout, 122 influence on causation of tabes mesenterica, 1186 colic. See Enteralgia. contents, in acute intestinal catarrh, 674 dilatation, in constipation, 643 disorders, influence on causation of catarrhal stomatitis, 322 of thrush, 332

INTESTINAL INDIGESTION, 620 Nature, 620 Physiology of intestinal digestion, 620 Action of saliva, 620, 621 of gastric juice, 621 Chyme, composition of, 621 Action of bile, 621 of pancreatic juice, 622 of trypsin, 622 Peristalsis, cause of, 622, 623 Action of liver, 623 Absorption of peptones and sugar, 623 of oils and fats, 623 Etiology, 623 Sex, 623 Age, 623 Heredity, 623 Idiosyncrasy, 623 Anæmia, 623 Rachitis, 623 Syphilis, 623 Febrile diseases, 623 Strumous diathesis and phthisis, 624 Want of exercise, 624 Sexual excess, 624 Impure air, 624 Mental overwork, 624 Worry and anxiety, 624 Wealth, 624 Sedentary occupations, 624 Tight-lacing, 624 Hot climates, 624 Over-eating, 624 Indigestible food, 625 Excess of starchy food, 625 Alcohol, abuse of, 625 Condiments, abuse of, 625 Irregularity in meals, 625 Imperfect mastication, 625 Tobacco, abuse of, 625 Constipation, 625 Excess of gastric acid, 626 Obstruction of bile-ducts, 626 Pancreatic disease, 626 Disease of heart and lungs, 626 of intestines, 626 Symptoms, 626 Forms, 626 Acute form, 626 Chronic form, 627 Time of appearance after eating, 627 Pain, 627 character and seat of, 627 Tympanites and borborygmi, 627 Fulness after eating, 627 Gas, source of, 627 Abdominal swelling, 627 Constipation, 627 Stools, character of, 627 Diarrhoea, 627 Hemorrhoids, 627 Tongue, state of, 628 Nervous system, state of, 628 Depression of spirits, 628 Sleeplessness, 628 Headache, 628 Vertigo, 628 Anxiety and worry, 628 Mental power, impaired, 628 Paralysis, 628 Sensibility, modifications of, 628 Faintings, 628 Heart disturbance, 628 Palpitation, 628 Circulation, languid, 628 Cold extremities, 628 Urine, state of, 628 lithates in, 628 albuminuria, 628 Perversion of sexual function, 629 Anæmia, 629 Skin eruptions, 629 Liver, functional disorder of, 629 Course, 630 Duration, 630 Termination, 630 In deterioration of health, 630 In organic disease, 630 In phthisis, 630 Diagnosis, 630 From gastric dyspepsia, 631 Of varieties of, 631 Of pancreatic form, 631 Of biliary form, 631 Prognosis, 631 Treatment, 632 Of acute form, 632 Of chronic form, 632 Hygienic, 632 Change of climate, 632 Exercise, 632 Thorough mastication, 632 Swedish movements, 632 Bathing, 632 salt-water, 632 Russian, 633 Regularity in eating, 633 Diet, 633, 634 Milk, use of, 633 Koumiss, use of, 633 Beef-essences, 633 Foods to be avoided, 635 Use of wine, 634 Mineral waters, 634, 636 Use of pre-digested foods, 635 of pancreatic extract, 635 mode of administering, 635 Of deficient hepatic secretion, 635 Of flatulence and colics, 636 Of constipation, 636 Of strumous form, 636 Use of ipecacuanha, 636 of euonymin, 636 of sanguinarin, 636 of podophyllin, 636 of sulphate of sodium, 636 of benzoate of sodium, 636 of iron, 636 of quinia, 636 of strychnia, 636 of mineral acids, 636 of bitter waters, 636 of Friedrichshall waters, 636 of Hunyadi Jânos, 636 of cod-liver oil, 637

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, 835 Classification, 835 Congenital strictures and malformations, 836 Strictures, 836 seat, 836 of colon, 836 sigmoid flexure, 836 duodenum, 836 malformations, 837 of anus and rectum, 837 Impaction of Foreign Bodies, 837 Nature of substances found in intestines, 837, 838 Stony concretions (enteroliths), 838 Gall-stones, 838 Symptoms, 839 Modes of discharge of, 839 By vomiting, 839 By ulceration, 839 Peritonitis from, 839 Of inflammation, 839 Remote results of, 840 Impaired health, 840 Emaciation, 840 Of impaction from gall-stones, 840 Pains, colicky, 840 Vomiting, 840 Prostration, 840 Signs of disordered liver, 840 Acute Internal Strangulation, Twisting, etc., 840 Seat of twisting, 840 Conditions necessary to production, 841 Elongated mesentery, 841 Increased weight of bowel, 841 Inflammation of elongated bowel, 841 Symptoms, 841 Prodromal, 841 Signs of intestinal disorder, 841 Actual attack, 841 Other modes of strangulation and twisting, 841, 842 Forms of internal strangulated hernia, 843 Diaphragmatic hernia, 843 Symptoms, 843 Suddenness of onset, 843 Nausea and vomiting, 843 Pains, 843 Tympanites, 843 Of peritonitis, 843 Delirium, 843 Duration, 841, 843 Intussusception, Invagination, 844 Without symptoms, 844 Morbid anatomy of, 844 Diminished lumen of bowel, 845 Inflammation, changes produced by, 845 Sloughing of invaginated parts, 845 Gangrene and ulceration in, 845 Seat, 846 Ileo-cæcal variety, 846 Method of production, 846 Frequency in relation to sex, 847 in relation to age, 847 Mechanism of, 847 Local paresis and tenesmus of bowel, 847 Length of, 848 Symptoms, 848 Onset of, 848 Pain, characters of, 848 effect of pressure upon, 848 Vomiting, 848 Vomit, fecal, 848 Diarrhoea, 848 Stools, characters of, 848 Abdominal tenderness, 848 Tumor, presence of, 848 Tympanites, 848 Urgency of symptoms, relation to locality and degree of constriction, 848 Suddenness of acute cases, 848 Gangrene of invaginated portion, 849 Date of separation of sequestrum, 849 Of chronic cases, 849 Duration, 849 Abatement of symptoms before death, 849 Constipation, 850 Number of fecal evacuations in health, 850 Etiology, 850 Sex, 850 Sedentary life, 850 Rapid loss of fluid, 851 By kidneys, 851 lungs, 851 skin, 851 Food, improper, 851 Bile, deficiency of, 851 Dislocations of intestines, 851 Nervous diseases, 851 Hysteria, 851 Paralysis of muscular coat of intestine, 851 Chronic debilitating diseases, 852 Loss of sensibility of colon and rectum, 852 Fecal impaction, 852 Tumor, fecal, characters of, 852 Dilatation of colon and rectum, 852 Symptoms, 853 Torsion of cæcum, 853 Internal strangulation from, 853 Digestive disturbances, 853 Appetite, impaired, 853 Headache, 853 Pain, colicky, 853 Diarrhoea, 853 Evolution of gases, 853 Mental depression, 854 Nervous symptoms, 854 Pain in legs, 854 in back, 854 Strength, loss of, 854 of obstruction from, 854 Stricture of bowel, 854 Frequency of, 854 Seat of, 855 From cicatrization of ulcers, 855 cancer, 855 Symptoms, 856 Intestinal disorders, 856 Colicky pains, 856 Paroxysmal pain, 856 Of rectum, 856 Determination of, by digital examination, 856 Compression and Contraction of Bowel, 857 From abdominal tumors and cysts, 857 From adhesions of chronic peritonitis, 857 Seat of, 857 Symptoms, 857 Insidiousness of onset of, 858 Intestinal disorders, 858 Exhaustion, 858 Distinguished from stricture, 858 Differential diagnosis, 858 From external strangulated hernia, 858 functional obstruction of bowel, 859 Of congenital occlusion, 859 Of obstruction by foreign bodies, 859 by gall-stones, 860 by internal hernia, 860 by torsion, 860 uneven distension of abdomen in torsion, 860 fecal accumulation, 860 abdominal tumors, 861 Of seat of obstruction, 861 Of pain, significance of, 861 Significance of constipation, 862 of vomiting, stercoraceous, 862 Duration, 862 Mortality, 862 Relative frequency of deaths by different forms, 862 Treatment, 862 Purgatives, uselessness and danger, 862, 863 Quicksilver, use of, 863 Opium, use of, 863 method of administration, 863 Of fecal impaction, 863 Castor oil, use of, in, 863 Of invagination low in rectum, 864 Ice, locally, use of, 864 Bleeding, use of, 864 Electricity, use of, 864 Abdominal taxis, 864 Injection of warm water, 864 Replacement of pressing tumors or organs, 864 Stimulants, use of, 865 Quinia, use of, 865 Tapping of gut, in gaseous distension, 865 Surgical, 865 Laparotomy, 865 in invagination, 866 mortality, 866, 867 in internal hernia, volvulus, etc., 866 Entorectomy, 866 Enterotomy, 867 method of performing, 867

Intestinal tract, condition in rachitis, 153 trichina, 959 tube, ulceration and suppuration of, as a cause of suppurative pylephlebitis, 1097, 1098

INTESTINAL ULCER, 823 Synonyms, 823 Definition, 823 Etiology, 823 Frequency, 823 Toxic form, 823 Mineral acids, 823 Syphilis, 823 Traumatic form, 823 From hardened feces and foreign bodies, 823 intestinal parasites, 823 use of enemata, 823 burns of skin, 824 dysentery, 824 tuberculosis, 824 typhoid fever, 824 arrest of circulation, 824 erosion of gastric juice, 824, 825 Of duodenal form, 825 frequency, 825 tendency to perforation, 825 cicatrization, 825 Symptoms, 825 Indefinite nature of, 825 Pain, 826 character, 826 Appetite, loss, 826 Failure of general health, 826 Digestive disturbances, 826 Nausea and vomiting, 826 Diarrhoea, 827 Stools, character, 827 effect of seat of ulcers upon, 827 Hemorrhage of bowel, 827 black and tarry stools in, 827 Duration, 827 Diagnosis, 828 From intestinal catarrh, 828 carcinoma, 828 enteralgia, 828 hemorrhage of gastric ulcer, 828 Prognosis, 828 Treatment, 828 Diet, 829 Of vomiting, 829 Of pain, 829 Of hemorrhage, 829 Of peritonitis, 829 Of constipation, 829 Alcohol, use of, 829 Bismuth, use of, 829 Sodium bicarbonate, use of, 829 Oxide of zinc, use of, 829 Purgatives, use of, 829 Ice, use of, 829 Hot-water injections, use of, 829 Cataplasms, use of, 829 Opium, use of, 829 Ergotin, use of, 829 Turpentine, use of, 829 Prophylaxis against recurrence, 829

Intestinal ulcers, in hereditary syphilis, 306

INTESTINAL WORMS, 930 Varieties, 930 Mode of access to body, 931 Frequency in relation to uncooked food, 931 unfiltered waters, 931 uncleanliness, 931 Cestodes, or Tape-worms, 931 Description of mature worm, 931 head, 932 Sexual apparatus of, 932 Description of embryo or proscolex, 932 Mode of dissemination, 932, 933 Species, 933 Tænia saginata, 933 Synonyms, 933 Characteristics, 934 Length, 934 Head, 934 Sexual organs, 934 Rapidity of growth, 934 Number of eggs, 934 Sources, 934 Eating of underdone beef, 935 Tænia solium, 935 Synonyms, 935 Characteristics, 935 Sexual organs, 934, 935 Head, 935 Source, 936 Rapidity of growth, 936 Tænia cucumerina, 937 elliptica, 937 nana, 937 tenella, 938 flavopunctata, 938 madagascariensis, 938 Bothriocephalus latus, 939 Synonyms, 938 Countries where most prevalent, 938 Characteristics, 939 Sexual organs, 939 Sources, 939 From fish, 939 Bothriocephalus cordatus, 939 cristatus, 939 Symptoms of tape-worms, 939 Local, 940 Pruritus ani, 940 Dyspeptic, 940 Headache, 940 Nausea, 940 Abdomen, queer sensation in, 940 Colicky pains, 940 Vertigo, 940 Tongue, state, 940 Fainting, 940 Chorea, 940 Epileptic fits, 940 Uterine disorders, 940 Treatment, 941 Importance of removal of head, 940 Method of examining evacuations, 940 Preliminary, 941 Oil of turpentine, use of, 941 mode, 941 Male fern, use of, 941 mode of, 941 Pomegranate-bark, use of, 941 mode, 941 Pelletierin, use of, 942 Kousso, use of, 942 Koussin, use of, 942 Pumpkin-seeds, use of, 942 Santonin, use of, 942 Quinia, use of, 942 Prophylaxis, 942, 943 Tænia echinococcus, 943 Synonyms, 943 Description of, 943 head, 943 sexual organs, 943 Shortness of life, 943 Mode of dissemination, 944 Migration from intestinal canal, 944 Hydatid tumors, seat, 944 varieties of, 944 Cysts, forms of, 944 characters of, 944 contents of, 944 effects of, 945 Infection, liability to, proportioned to association with dogs, 945 Treatment, 945 Tænia acanthotrias, 945 Trematodes, or Fluke-worms, 946 Varieties, 946 Distomum hepaticum, 946 Synonyms, 946 Tendency to inhabit liver, 946 Physical characters, 946 Snail as a home during youth, 947 Rarity in man, 947 Animals most affected, 946, 947 lanceolatum, 947 Synonym, 947 Physical characters, 947 sinense, 947 conjunctum, 947 Symptoms of fluke-worms, 947 Signs of obstruction of bile-ducts, 947 Treatment, 948 heterophyes, 948 crassum, 948 ringeri, 948 ophthalmobium, 948 Bilharzia hæmatobia, 948 Synonyms, 948 Geographical distribution, 948 Mode of introduction to body, 948 by water, 948 by vegetables, 948 Symptoms, 948 Hæmaturia, 948 Treatment, 949 Amphistomum hominis, 949 The Acanthocephali, or Thorn-head Worms, 949 Echinorhynchus gigas, 949 Limited to hog, 949 The Nematodes, or Thread-worms, 949 General description of, 949, 950 Varieties, 950 Oxyuris vermicularis, 950 Synonyms, 950 Physical characters, 950 of female, 950 of male, 950 Number of eggs, 950 Description of eggs, 950 Modes of dissemination, 951 of introduction to body, 951 Symptoms, 951 Itching of anus, 951 periodic, nature of, 951 Onanism from, 951 Nervous disturbances, 951 Intestinal catarrh, 951 Epileptic fits from, 951 Chorea from, 951 Treatment, 951 Purgatives, use of, 951 Epsom salts and senna, 951 Tincture of aloes, 951 Enemata, 951 Suppositories, medicated, 951 Ascaris lumbricoides, 952 Synonyms, 952 Physical characters, 952 of female, 952 of male, 952 Number of eggs, 952 Mode of infection, 952 by drinking-water, 952 Geographical distribution, 953 Small intestine, most frequent habitat, 953 Migrations of, 953 Symptoms, 953 Digestive disorders, 953 Flatulence, 953 Abdominal pains, 953 Tongue, state of, 953 Appetite, impaired, 953 Nervous disorders, 953 Epileptic fits, 953 Treatment, 953 Wormseed, 954 oil, 954 Santonin, 954 Ascaris mystax, 954 Triocephalus dispar, 954 Synonyms, 954 Physical characters, 954 Symptoms, 954 Treatment, 954 Leptodera stercoralis, 954 Synonyms, 954 Physical characters, 955 Mode of infection, 955 Treatment, 955 Anchylostomum duodenale, 955 Synonyms, 955 Geographical distribution, 955 Physical characters, 955 Mode of introduction to body, 955 Symptoms, 955 A source of wasting diseases, 955 Mode of onset, 955 Debility, 956 Palpitation, 956 Digestive disorders, 956 Emaciation, 956 Prognosis, 956 Treatment, 956 Calomel and turpentine, 956 Prophylaxis, 956 Strongylus longevaginatus, 956 Eustrongylus gigas, 957 Physical characters, 957 Animals infested by, 957 Trichina spiralis, 957 Mode of infection, 958 Date of discovery in muscles, 958 Animals most frequent in, 958 Hog, 958 Rat and mouse, 958 Cats, 958 Muscular trichinæ, 958 Appearance of infected meat, 959 of trichinæ in muscle, 959 Muscular trichinæ, decay of, 959 size of, 959 duration of life of, 959 Intestinal trichinæ, 959 Physical characters, 959 Embryos, method of migration to muscles, 959 Symptoms, 959 Initial, 960 Appetite impaired, 960 Thirst, 960 Diarrhoea, 960 Vomiting, 960 Headache, 960 Prostration, 960 Constipation, 960 Muscular, 960 swellings, 960 Muscles, pain in, 960 painful and difficult motion of, 960 Bronchial catarrh, 960 Fever, 960 Sweating, 960 Insomnia, 961 Formication, 961 Oedema, 961 Peritonitis, 961 Pleuritis, 961 In children, 961 mildness of, 961 Duration, 960 Diagnosis, 961 From gastro-intestinal catarrh, 961 From cholera, 961 From rheumatism, 961 Prognosis, 961 Treatment, 961 Purgatives, 962 Diet, 962 Prophylaxis, 962 Necessity of thorough cooking, 962 Filaria medinensis, 962 Synonyms, 962 Geographical distribution, 962 Physical characters, 962 Mode of introduction to body, 963 Symptoms, 963 abscesses, 963 Treatment, 963 Filaria sanguinis, 963 Synonyms, 963 Geographical distribution, 963 Physical characters, 963 Mode of entrance to blood, 963 Habitat in lymphatic vessels, 963 Symptoms, 963 Hæmaturia, 963 Chyluria, 963 Buboes, 963 Ascites, 964 Elephantiasis, 964 Lymphangiectasis, 963 Treatment, 964 Prophylaxis, 964 Filaria loa, 964 restiformis, 964 oculi humani, Filaria lentis 964 trachealis, 964

Intestinal worms, influence on causation of constipation, 643 of acute peritonitis, 1140 of proctitis, 887

Intra-uterine rachitis, 141-143

Intussusception. See Intestinal Obstruction. complicating constipation, 648 and invagination as a cause of intestinal obstruction, 844

Inunctions of mercury in hereditary syphilis, 316 of oil in simple ulcer of stomach, 527

Invagination. See Intestinal Obstruction. as a cause of hemorrhage from bowels, 831 intestinal, laparotomy in, 866

Invasion, order of, in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 104

Iodide of iron, in tubercular peritonitis, 1168 use of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 98 in scrofula, 251 in tabes mesenterica, 1194 of mercury, ointment, in lithæmia, 973 in amyloid liver, 1046 in cirrhosis of liver, 1002 of potassium, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 228 in enteralgia, 665 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in amyloid liver, 1045 in chronic oesophagitis, 417 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 425 in tubercular peritonitis, 1168 in syphilitic pharyngitis, 408 in acute rheumatism, 62 in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 in muscular rheumatism, 77 in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 107 in rheumatoid arthritis, 98 in hereditary syphilis, 316

Iodine, injection of, in hydatids of liver, 1108 use of, in diabetes mellitus, 228 in hepatic glycosuria, 975 in chronic pharyngitis, 405 in rheumatoid arthritis, 100 in scrofula, 251 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 822 test for amyloid liver, 1043 for lardaceous degeneration, 875 and olive oil, locally, in tubercular peritonitis, 1168 salts, use of, in gout, 132

Iodoform, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 229 in tuberculous pharyngitis, 402 in aphthous stomatitis, 330

Ipecacuanha, use of, in biliousness, 968 in constipation, 654 in dysentery, 810 in functional dyspepsia, 456 as antiemetic, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 762 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in acute gastritis, 469 in hepatic colic, 1082 in acute intestinal catarrh, 695 in intestinal indigestion, 636 in jaundice, 982 in biliousness, 968

Iridin, use of, in hepatic colic, 1082 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030 in hyperæmia of liver, 988

Iritis, complicating gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 in hereditary syphilis, 281

Iron, use of, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1057 in constipation, 654 in functional dyspepsia, 457 in enteralgia, 665 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in gastralgia, 462 in parenchymatous glossitis, 365 in acute intestinal catarrh, 696 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 714, 715, 717 in intestinal indigestion, 636 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030 in amyloid liver, 1046 in cirrhosis of liver, 1002 in fatty liver, 1051 in acute pharyngitis, 398 in purpura, 194 in pruritus ani, 917 in acute rheumatism, 63 in chronic articular rheumatism, 74 in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 107 in rachitis, 162 in dilatation of stomach, 609 in simple ulcer of stomach, 528 and potash, use of, in gout, 132 tinct. of chloride, use of, in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in pain of simple gastric ulcer, 524

Irrigation of bowel in dysentery, 809 in jaundice, 983 in typhlitis, 821 intestinal, in acute catarrh of intestines, 697 in intestinal obstruction, 863, 864

Irritable rectum, treatment, 919

Irritant poisoning, diagnosis from cholera morbus, 723

Irritating medicines as a cause of acute oesophagitis, 410

Itching of anus in seat-worms, 951 at extremities of alimentary canal in tape-worm, 940

J.

Jaborandi, use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 688 in chronic pharyngitis, 406 effect on rectum, 911

Jaundice. See Liver, Diseases of. in biliousness, 966 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1054 in occlusion of biliary passages, 1087, 1089 from constipation, 646 complicating diabetes mellitus, 210 in chronic gastritis, 474 in hepatic abscess, 1009, 1013 in hepatic colic, 1073 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1027 frequency, in amyloid liver, 1044 in carcinoma of liver, 1038 in cirrhosis of liver, 993 in fatty liver, 1049 in hydatids of liver, 1102, 1104 in hyperæmia of liver, 986, 987 in disease of pancreas, 1116 in obstruction of pancreatic duct, 1131 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1125, 1126 in perihepatitis, 989 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1032 in suppurative pylephlebitis, 1100 complicating gastric cancer, 560

Jejunitis, 667, 683 and ileitis of chronic intestinal catarrh, diagnosis, 712

Jejunum, lesions of, in entero-colitis, 737

Joint, condition of, in acute gonorrhoeal arthritis, 105 in acute gout, 119

Joints, abscesses of, in gout, 116 alterations of, in chronic articular rheumatism, 71 condition of, in purpura rheumatica, 189 in acute rheumatism, 27 in chronic articular rheumatism, 71 in acute variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 80 in chronic variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 81 in partial form of rheumatoid arthritis, 85 lesions of, in dysentery, 801 in gout, 116 in acute rheumatism, 46 in chronic articular rheumatism, 70 in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 103 in rheumatoid arthritis, 86 in scurvy, 172 most affected in gout, 116, 121 in acute rheumatism, 27 in chronic articular rheumatism, 72 in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 104

K.

Keratitis, interstitial, in hereditary syphilis, 299

Kibbie's cot, use of, in acute rheumatism, 67

Kidneys, amyloid degeneration of, in rachitis, 153 condition of, in occlusion of biliary passages, 1090 in entero-colitis, 734 in acute rheumatism, 42 in hereditary syphilis, 308 enlargement of, in amyloid liver, 1044 in rachitis, 140 diseases of, as a cause of ascites, 1174 complicating dysentery, 806 influence on causation of hemorrhage from stomach, 582 lesions, in cholera morbus, 722 in diabetes mellitus, 202 in dysentery, 801 in gout, 117 in acute intestinal catarrh, 677 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 705 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1026 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1031 in rachitis, 154 in scurvy, 173 uratic deposits in, in gout, 117

Kidney-worm, 957

Koumiss, use of, in treatment of acute intestinal catarrh, 691 in intestinal indigestion, 633

Kousso and koussin, use of, in tape-worm, 942

Kyphosis in rachitis, nature of, 151

L.

Lactic acid, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 228 origin of acute rheumatism, 23

Lacto-peptin, use of, in cholera infantum and entero-colitis, 760

Lacto-phosphate of iron, in tabes mesenterica, 1194

Lacto-phosphates, use of, in scrofula, 252

Lancing, in morbid dentition, method of, 378

Languor and drowsiness, in functional dyspepsia, 451

Laparotomy in intestinal obstruction, 865 in perforating form of typhlitis, 822 question of, in perforation of gastric ulcer, 527

Lardaceous degeneration of intestine, 874

Laryngismus stridulus in rachitis, 149

Larynx, disease of, in hereditary syphilis, 308 displacement of, from hypertrophy of tongue, 351 oedema of, in mercurial stomatitis, 346 and pharynx, lesions of, in mercurial stomatitis, 347 gangrene of, complicating cancrum oris, 341

Latham's hyperoxidation theory of origin of acute rheumatism, 24

Laxatives, use of, in dysentery, 809 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 774

Lead colic distinguished from acute intestinal catarrh, 686

Lead-poisoning, influence on causation of constipation, 641 of oesophageal paralysis, 429

Lead, sugar of, use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 694 copper, and arsenic poisoning, as a cause of enteralgia, 660

Leeches to epigastrium in acute pancreatitis, 1120

Leeching, in parenchymatous glossitis, 364 in perihepatitis, 990 in acute pharyngitis, 398

Lemon-juice, use of, in acute rheumatism, 63

Leptodera stercoralis, 954

Leube's beef-solution, use of, in simple ulcer of stomach, 520

Leuchæmia, influence on causation of hemorrhage from bowels, 832

Liebig's foods for infants, 754

Lienteric stools, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708

Ligaments, lesions of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 87

Ligation in fistula in ano, 922 in polypi of rectum, 921 in hypertrophy of tongue, 354 of hemorrhoids, 924

Ligature of upper extremities, in hemorrhage of simple gastric ulcer, 526

Lime, elimination of, in rachitis, 138

Lime-juice, use, in scurvy, 183, 184 salts, use of, in rachitis, 162 water, local use, in hemorrhoids, 923 use in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 762 in acute intestinal catarrh, 694

Lip, upper, thickness of, in scrofula, 246

Lipæmia in diabetes mellitus, 207

Lipomata of stomach, 579

Lipuria, in diseases of pancreas, 1115 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1125

Liquor ferri nitratis, use of, in entero-colitis, 762

Lithæmia, 968

Lithæmic theory of origin of gout, 112

Lithia salts, use of, in gout, 132

Lithium bromide, use of, in chronic articular rheumatism, 74

Liver, action of, in process of digestion, 623 amyloid degeneration of, in rachitis, 153 changes in, from occlusion of biliary ducts, 1086 condition of, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1053 degeneration of, complicating simple ulcer of stomach, 503

LIVER, DISEASES OF, 965 Functional Disorders, 965 Biliousness, 965 Definition, 965 Pathogeny, 965 Malarial poison, effect on functions of liver, 965 Metals, effect on functions of liver, 965 Food, improper, influence of, on causation, 966 Alcoholic and malt liquors, 966 Symptoms, 966 Physiognomy, 966 Tongue, state of, 966 Breath, state of, 966 Appetite, impaired, 966 Nausea, 966 Bowels, state of, 966 Headache, 966 Vertigo, 966 Conjunctivæ, yellow, 966 Jaundice, 966 Course, 967 Duration, 967 Termination, 967 Treatment, 967 Prophylaxis, 967 Diet, 967 Skimmed milk, use of, 967 Blue-pill, 967 Rochelle and Epsom salts, 967 Euonymin, use of, 968 Ipecacuanha, 968 Podophyllin, 968 Calomel, dose of, 968 Phosphate of sodium, 968 Mineral waters, 968 Lithæmia, 968 Definition, 968 Pathogeny, 968 Hepatic action in formation of uric acid, 969 Albuminoid food, over-consumption of, 969 Luxurious habits, 969 Sedentary life, 969 Alcoholic and malt liquors, 969 Symptoms, 969 Digestive disturbances, 969 Appetite, capricious, 969 Tongue, state of, 969 Bowels, state of, 970 Oxaluria, 970 Nervous symptoms, 970 Headache, 970 Nausea, 970 Mental depression, 970 Vertigo, 970 Skin, state of, 970 Urticaria, 970 Urine, state of, 970 Pain in back, 970 Course, 970 Duration, 970 Termination, 970 Prognosis, 970 Diagnosis, 970 from gastro-duodenal catarrh, 970 from organic brain disease, 971 Treatment, 971 Diet, 971 Avoidance of fatty, starchy, and saccharine articles, 971 of wine and malt liquors, 971 Food, allowable, 971 Exercise, 971 Sea-bathing, 971 Nitric acid, use of, 972 Alkalies, use of, 972 Purgative mineral waters, 972 Phosphate of sodium, 972 Mercurials, 972 Podophyllin, 972 Euonymin, 972 Arsenic, 973 Quinine, 973 Sponge-baths, 973 Iodide of mercury, locally to hepatic region, 973 Electricity, 973 Of hypochondriasis, 973 Hepatic Glycosuria, 973 Definition, 973 Pathogeny, 973 Symptoms, 973 Digestive disturbances, 974 Increased urination, 974 Urine, condition of, 974 specific gravity of, 974 tests for sugar in, 974 Course, 974 Duration, 974 Termination, 974 Prognosis, 974 Diagnosis, 974 From gastro-duodenal catarrh, 974 From lithæmia, 974 From diabetes, 974 Treatment, 974 Diet, 975 Exercise, 975 Medicinal, 975 Nux vomica, 975 Fowler's solution, dose, 975 Phosphate of sodium, 975 Carbolic acid, 975 Bismuth, 975 Tr. iodine, 975 Jaundice (Icterus), 975 Definition, 975 Etiology, 975 Disorganization of the blood, 975 Non-disposal by liver of biliary material, 976 Absorption of biliary material by blood, 976 Emotions, influence of, on causation, 976 Obstruction from hyperæmia of bile-ducts, 977 from spasm of muscular fibre of ducts, 977 gastro-duodenal catarrh, 977 errors in diet, 977 rich food, 977 cold and wet, 977 malaria, 977 Symptoms, 977 Premonitory, 977 Signs of gastro-duodenal catarrh, 977 Yellowness, seat of appearance, 977 mode of extension, 978 Feces, discoloration of, 978 Urine, condition of, 978 color of, 978 tests for bile, 978 albumen in, 978 urea in, 979 Liver, condition of, 979 Epigastrium, tenderness of, 979 Pulse, state of, 979 Heart, slowing of, 979 cause, 979 Temperature, 980 Fever, 980 Nervous disturbances, 980 Nutrition, disturbances of, 980 Vision, modifications of, 980 Xanthopsy in, 980 Headache and vertigo, 980 Mental depression, 980 Wakefulness, 980 Pruritus of skin, 980 Boils and carbuncles, occurrence of, 980 Xanthelasma vitiligoidea of skin, 980 plane form, 980 tuberose form, 981 Hemorrhagic diathesis, 981 Course, 981 Duration, 981 Prognosis, 981 Diagnosis, 981 Importance of ascertaining condition of gall-bladder, 982 Treatment, 982 Of nausea, 982 Diet, 983 Rectal irrigation, 983 Emetics, use of, 982 Ipecacuanha, 982 Calomel, 982 Cholagogues, use of, 982 Podophyllin, 982 Euonymin, 982 Phosphate of sodium, 982 Arseniate of sodium, 982 Mineral waters, 982 Nitric acid, 983 Nitro-muriatic acid, 983 locally, 983 Electricity, use of, 983 Structural diseases of liver, 983 Hyperæmia of Liver, 983 Definition, 983 Etiology, 983 Digestive process, 984 Food, over-indulgence in, 984 Sedentary life, 984 Sudden suppression of hemorrhages, 984 Menstrual period, 984 Mechanical, 984 Heart disease, organic, 984 Pulmonary disease, chronic, 984 Climate, 984 Malaria, 984 Pathological anatomy, 985 Enlargement of liver, 985 Portal vein, changes in, 985 Extravasations of blood in hepatic tissue, 985 Mechanical form, 985 Nutmeg liver, 985 Cyanotic atrophy of, 985 Atrophy of hepatic cells, 985 Sclerosis of central vein, 985 Symptoms, 986 Signs of gastro-intestinal catarrh, 986 Hypochondrium, right, fulness of, 986, 987 pain in, 986, 987 Increased hepatic dulness, 986 method of determining, 986 Urine, state of, 986, 987 Jaundice, 986, 987 Stools, condition of, 986, 987 Ascites in nutmeg liver, 987 Mental depression, 987 Course, 987 Duration, 987 Termination, 987 Prognosis, 988 Diagnosis, 988 Treatment, 988 Diet, 988 Skim-milk, 988 Exercise, 988 Bathing, 988 Mineral waters, saline laxative, 988 Phosphate of sodium, 988 Cholagogues, 988 Digitalis, use of, when due to organic heart disease, 988 Perihepatitis, 989 Definition, 989 Pathogeny, 989 As an extension from other parts, 989 Passage of gall-stones, 989 Traumatic causes, 989 Tight-lacing, 989 Symptoms, 989 Pain in right hypochondrium, 989 Hepatic colic, 989 Jaundice, 989 Friction sound, 989 Course, 989 Duration, 989 Termination, 989 Diagnosis, 989 From pleuritis, 990 Treatment, 990 Leeching, 990 Turpentine stupes, 990 Bandage, use of, 990 Morphia for pain, 990 Interstitial Hepatitis--Sclerosis of Liver: Cirrhosis, 990 Definition, 990 Etiology, 990 Age, influence of, on causation, 990 Sex, influence of, on causation, 991 Alcohol, influence of, on causation, 991 Syphilis, influence of, on causation, 991 Malaria, influence of, on causation, 991 Obstruction of bile-ducts, 991 Closure of hepatic vein, 991 portal vein, 991 Arsenic and antimony, 991 Phosphorus, 991, 992 Extension of inflammation in perihepatitis, 992 Pathological anatomy, 992 Increased size of liver, 992 Development of new connective tissue, 992 Monolobular form, 992 Multilobular form, 992 Contraction of connective tissue, 992 Decreased size of liver, 992 Hobnail appearance of surface, 992 Portal veins, lesions of, 992 Atrophy of hepatic cells, 992, 993 Symptoms, 993 Insidious development, 993 Digestive disturbances, 993 Jaundice, 997 Appetite, capricious, 993 Nausea and vomiting, 993 Bowels, state of, 993 Stools, state of, 994 Hemorrhoids, 993 Fissure of anus, 994 Abdomen, state of, 994 Flatus, accumulation of, 994 Hemorrhages, 994 Spleen, enlargement of, 994 Ascites, 995 Blood, watery condition of, 995 Anasarca, 995 Oedema, general, 995 Anastomoses of veins, 996 Physical signs, 996 Auscultation, 996 Mode of examining liver, 996, 997 Size of area of dulness, 997 Physiognomy, 997 Skin, color and state of, 997, 998 Urine, state of, 998 Ulcers of stomach and intestine, 999 Thrombosis of portal vein, 999 Nervous disturbances, 999 Cerebral symptoms, 999 Coma in, 999 Emaciation, 999 Kidneys, atrophy of, 999 Cerebral sclerosis, 999 Course, 998 Duration, 999 Terminations, 999 Prognosis, 999 Diagnosis, 999 From amyloid disease, 1000 hydatids, 1000 cancer, 1000 acute yellow atrophy, 1000 Treatment, 1000 Prophylaxis, 1000 Diet, 1000 Of malarial cause, 1000 Of overgrowth of connective tissue, 1000 Of gastro-intestinal catarrh, 1002 Of dropsical effusions, 1001 Of ascites, 1001 Of diarrhoea, 1002 Local, 1002 Of hemorrhage, 1002 Chloride of gold and sodium, 1001 of mercury, 1001 Phosphate of sodium, 1001 Vapor bath, 1001 Digitalis stupes, 1001 Copaiba, 1001 Pilocarpine, 1001 Hydragogue cathartics, 1001 Tapping, 1002 Bismuth, 1002 Opium, 1002 Ergotin, 1002 Iron, 1002 Counter-irritation, 1002 Dry cups, 1002 Blisters, 1002 Ung. hydrarg. iod. rubri, 1002 Suppurative Hepatitis--Abscess of Liver, 1002 Definition, 1002 Etiology, 1002 Climate, influence on causation, 1002 Sex, influence on causation, 1003 Age, influence on causation, 1003 Temperament, influence on causation, 1003 Traumatism, 1003 Wounds, 1003 State of portal and hepatic veins, 1004 embolism, 1004 Source of emboli, 1004 Ulceration and dilatation of bile-ducts, 1005 Proctitis, 1004 Dysenteric ulceration, 1004 Food, improper, 1005 Alcohol, 1005 Malarial influence, 1005 Pathological anatomy, 1005 Initial lesions, 1005 in cells, 1005 in vessels, 1005 From embolism, lesions of, 1005 Tropical form, lesions of, 1006 development of, 1006 Size of purulent collections, 1006 Formation of limiting membrane, 1006 Number of abscesses, 1006 Seat of abscesses, 1006 Contents of abscesses, 1007 Presence of bile in pus, 1007 Absence of limiting membrane, 1007 Pointing of abscesses, 1007 method of, 1007 Formation of adhesions, 1007 Pus, modes of escape, 1007 escape into neighboring organs, 1007 Processes of healing, 1008 Condition of liver outside of abscess, 1008 Symptoms, 1008 Systemic, 1008 Onset of, 1008 Chills, 1008 Temperature, 1008 Pulse, 1009 Fever, type of, 1008 typhoid form of, 1009 Sweating, 1009, 1010 General malaise, 1009 Flesh, loss of, 1009 Skin, color of, 1009 Jaundice, 1009, 1013 Mental condition, 1009 Cholæmia, 1010 Stupor, 1010 Wakefulness, 1009 Hypochondria, 1010 Urine, state of, 1010, 1014 Absence of general, 1010 Local, 1010 Change in size of liver, frequency of, 1010 Enlargement, 1010 Seat of purulent collection, 1011 Tumor of epigastrium, 1011 Fluctuation, 1011 Pain, 1011, 1012 seat of, 1011 character of, 1012 in right shoulder, 1012 Decubitus, characteristic, 1012 Nausea and vomiting, 1013 Tongue, state of, 1013 Relation to dysentery, 1014 Cough, 1014 Respiration, 1014 Pleuritis, 1014 Pleuro-pneumonia, 1014 Singultus, 1015 Pericarditis, 1015 Course, 1014 Usual point of discharge, 1016 Discharge into pleural cavity, 1016 pericardium, 1016 peritoneal cavity, 1016 intestines, 1016 Duration, 1017 Termination, 1017 Effect of mode of discharge upon, 1017 Recovery by absorption of pus, 1018 Fatty degeneration of pus, 1018 Mortality, 1017 Prognosis, 1018 Diagnosis, 1018 From echinococcus, 1018 dropsy of gall-bladder, 1019 cancer of liver, 1019 abscess of abdominal wall, 1019 empyema, 1020 intermittent fever of hepatic colic, 1020 Value of puncture of right lobe in, 1020 Treatment, 1020 Aborting, 1020 use of quinia in, 1020 Of septicæmic fever, 1020 Of dysentery in, 1020 Of vomiting, 1021 Local, 1021 Evacuation of pus, 1021 Puncture, exploratory, 1021 harmlessness of, 1021 effects of, 1022 mode of, 1022 Aspirator, use of, 1022 mode of using, 1022 Poultices, use of, 1023 Quinia, use of, 1020 Ipecacuanha, 1020 Soda powders, 1020 Bismuth, 1021 Creasote, 1021 Diet, 1021 Stimulants, 1021 Nutrient enemata, 1021 Acute Yellow Atrophy, 1023 Definition, 1023 History, 1023 Etiology, 1023 Frequency, 1023 Age, influence on causation, 1024 Sex, influence on causation, 1024 Pregnancy, influence on causation, 1024 Depressing emotions, 1024 Syphilis, 1024 Pathological anatomy, 1025 Change in size, 1025 Capsule, state of, 1025 Hemorrhagic extravasations in liver-tissue, 1025 Bile-ducts, lesions of, 1025 Microscopic appearance of hepatic tissue, 1025 Cell-degeneration, 1025 Connective tissue, increase of, 1025 Spleen, lesions of, 1026 Peritoneum, lesions of, 1026 Mesenteric glands, swelling of, 1026 Stomach and intestines, lesions of, 1026 Kidneys, lesions of, 1026 Heart, lesions of, 1026 Brain, lesions of, 1026 Symptoms, 1026 Prodromata, 1026 Duration of, 1027 Signs of gastro-duodenal catarrh, 1027 Jaundice, 1027 Toxæmic period, 1027 Dilatation of pupil, 1027 Excitement with delirium, 1027 Coma, 1027 Convulsions, 1027 Sensibility, disturbances of, 1028 Motility, disturbances of, 1028 Hemorrhages from mucous surfaces, 1028 Epistaxis, 1028 Hæmatemesis, 1028 Temperature, 1028 Pulse, condition of, 1028 Tongue, condition of, 1028 Nausea and vomiting, 1026, 1027, 1028 Constipation, 1028 Skin disorders, 1028 Urine, state of, 1027, 1028 Blood, changes in, 1029 Course, 1029 Duration, 1029 Termination, 1029 Diagnosis, 1029 From catarrhal jaundice, 1029 Acute phosphorus-poisoning, 1029 Treatment, 1030 Quinia, use of, 1030 Phosphate of sodium, 1030 Euonymin, use of, 1030 Iridin, use of, 1030 Purgatives, 1030 Bismuth, 1030 and carbolic acid, 1030 Ergotin, use of, 1030 Alcohol, use of, 1030 Iron, 1030 Phosphorus, 1030 Gold and silver, chloride of, 1030 Of nausea and vomiting, 1030 Of hemorrhage, 1030 The Liver in Phosphorus-poisoning, 1030 Definition, 1030 Pathogeny, 1030 Age, 1030 Women, frequency in, 1030 Tissues, biliary staining of, 1031 Extravasation of blood in mucous and serous membranes, 1031 Spleen, enlargement of, 1031 Liver, hyperplasia and atrophy of, 1031 cell-degeneration, 1031 Bile-ducts, lesions of, 1031 Mucous membrane of stomach, lesions of, 1031 Kidneys, lesions of, 1031 Symptoms, 1031 Resemblance to acute yellow atrophy, 1031 Of local irritation of poison, 1031 Burning in gullet, 1031 Nausea and vomiting, 1031 Systemic, 1031 Vomiting, 1031 Vomit, characters of, 1031 Stools, characters of, 1031 phosphorescent, 1031 Hepatic dulness, increase of, 1032 Jaundice, 1032 Liver, enlargement of, 1032 Nervous disorders, 1032 drowsiness, 1032 delirium, 1032 convulsions, 1032 Temperature, 1032 Pulse, state of, 1032 Urine, state of, 1032 Course, 1032 Duration, 1032 Termination, 1032 Diagnosis, 1032 From acute yellow atrophy, 1032 Treatment, 1033 Emetics, 1033 Decoction of flaxseed, 1033 Slippery elm, 1033 Oil of turpentine, 1033 Sulphate of copper, 1033 Transfusion, 1033 Diet, 1033 Of inflammatory symptoms, 1033 Carcinoma of Liver, 1033 Definition, 1033 Etiology, 1033 Heredity, 1033 Age, 1034 Sex, 1034 Morbid anatomy, 1034 Primary form, 1034 Hepatic enlargement, 1034 Microscopic appearances, 1035 Secondary form, 1034, 1035 frequency of, 1035 Metastasis in, 1035 forms of, 1035 from face, 1035 stomach, 1035 intestines, 1035 nodes, number of, 1035 size, 1035 changes in, 1036 Atrophy of hepatic structure, 1035 Infiltrating form, 1034 Pigment form, 1035 Tumors, shape and size, 1034 Sarcomas, 1036 Symptoms, 1036 General history of, 1036 Liver, condition, 1037 mode of examining, 1037 Ascites, 1037 Peritonitis in, 1037 Pain, seat and character, 1038 Vomiting in secondary form, 1038 Jaundice, frequency, 1038 Skin, state, 1038 Physiognomy, 1038 Emaciation, 1038 Strength, loss, 1038 Urine, condition, 1038 Signs of gastro-intestinal catarrh, 1038 Appetite, impaired, 1038 Course, 1039 Duration, 1039 Termination, 1039 Diagnosis, 1039 From amyloid disease, 1040 From echinococcus, 1040 From cirrhosis, 1040 From syphilis, 1040 Treatment, 1040 Amyloid Liver, 1040 Definition, 1040 Etiology, 1040 Suppuration of bone, 1041 Syphilis, 1041 Chronic malarial infection, 1041 Pulmonary cavities, 1041 Age, 1041 Sex, 1041 Cachexia from development of new formations, 1041 Temperament, 1041 Frequency in lymphatic individuals, 1041 Pathological anatomy, 1041 Origin of amyloid deposit, 1042 Mode and order of deposit, 1042 Size and shape of liver, 1042 Consistence of, 1042 Iodine test for, 1043 Mode, 1043 Condition of hepatic tissues not invaded, 1043 Symptoms, 1043 Liver enlargement, 1043 Cachexia, 1043 Jaundice, frequency, 1044 Ascites, frequency, 1044 Hemorrhoids, 1044 Diarrhoea, 1044 Stools, 1044 black, 1044 Vomiting in, 1044 Vomit, bloody, 1044 Spleen, enlarged, 1044 Kidney, enlarged, 1044 General dropsy, 1044 Hydræmia, 1044 Urine, state, 1044 Emaciation, 1044 Course, 1044 Duration, 1044 Prognosis, 1045 Diagnosis, 1045 From fatty liver, 1045 hydatid disease, 1045 cancer, 1045 Treatment, 1045 Of cause, 1045 Alkalies, use of, 1045 Iodides, use of, 1046 Ung. hydrarg. iod. rubri, 1046 Chloride of gold and sodium, 1046 silver, 1046 arsenic, 1046 iron, 1046 Diet, 1046 Of nausea and vomiting, 1046 Fatty Liver--Fatty Degeneration of Liver (Hepar Adiposum), 1046 Definition, 1046 Etiology, 1046 Sex, 1047 Phthisis, 1047 Cachexiæ, 1047 Alcoholism, 1047 Poisoning by phosphorus, 1047 arsenic, 1047 antimony, 1047 Pregnancy, 1047 Deficient oxidation of fat, 1046, 1047 Sedentary life, 1047 Pathological anatomy, 1047 Liver, enlargement of, 1047 shape and size, 1047 anæmic condition of, 1047 seat of fatty deposit, 1047, 1048 Symptoms, 1048 Dyspeptic disturbances, 1048 Stools, character, 1048 Circulation, feeble, 1048 Pulse, condition, 1048 Sleeplessness, 1048 Mental depression, 1048 Hypochondria, 1048 Jaundice, 1049 Urine, state, 1049 Area of hepatic dulness, 1049 Course, 1049 Duration, 1049 Termination, 1049 Prognosis, 1049 Diagnosis, 1049 From amyloid liver, 1049 cancer, 1050 Treatment, 1050 Of digestive disturbances, 1050 Diet, 1050 Cholagogues, 1050 Phosphate of sodium, 1050 Sulphate of manganese, 1050 quinia, 1051 iron, 1051 Tinct. nux vomicæ, 1050 Nitric acid, 1050 Alkalies, 1050 Permanganate of potassium, 1051 Affections of Biliary Passages, 1051 Catarrh of Bile-ducts, 1051 History, 1051 Definition, 1051 Etiology, 1051 Peculiarity of constitution, 1051 Climate, 1051 Malaria, 1051 Cold and wet, 1051 Disturbances of portal circulation, 1052 Extension from duodenum, 1052 Food, improper, 1052 Condiments and sauces, 1052 Alcoholic and malt liquors, abuse, 1052 Pathological anatomy, 1052 Seat of catarrh, 1052 Mucous membrane of ducts, lesions of, 1053 swelling of, 1053 Finer ducts, lesions of, 1053 Liver, condition of, 1053 Symptoms, 1053 Signs of gastro-duodenal catarrh, 1053 Tongue, state of, 1053 Appetite impaired, 1053 Epigastrium, fulness of, 1053 Abdomen, state of, 1054 Intestinal canal, state of, 1054 Diarrhoea and constipation, 1054, 1055 Stools, characters of, 1054, 1055 Urine, state of, 1054, 1055 Nervous disturbances, 1054, 1055 Headache, 1054, 1055 Vertigo, 1054, 1055 Febrile movement, 1054 Jaundice, 1054 Course, 1055 Duration, 1055 Termination, 1055 Diagnosis, 1055 Treatment, 1056 Diet, 1056 Diarrhoea, 1056 Constipation, 1056 Mercury, use of, 1056 Calomel, use of, 1056 Phosphate of sodium, 1057 Silver and zinc salts, 1057 Arsenic, 1057 Iron, 1057 Quinia, 1057 Permanganate of potassium, 1057 Mineral acids, 1057 Enemata, 1057 Electricity, 1057 Biliary Concretions, Gall-stones, Hepatic Calculi, etc., 1058 Definition, 1058 Formation, 1058 From inspissated bile, 1058 Of calculi, 1059 shape, 1059 number, 1059 color, 1059 size, 1059 composition, 1060 nucleus, 1060 body of, 1061 rind, 1061 specific gravity, 1061 origin and formation, 1061-1063 composition of bile, 1062 reaction, 1062 Etiology, 1063 Age, 1063 Sex, 1064 Social state, 1064 Malarial influence, 1064 Season, 1065 Obesity, 1065 Starchy, fatty, and saccharine foods, 1065 Irregular meals, 1065 Retardation to flow of bile, 1066 Mental emotion, 1066 Situation and destiny of gall-stones, 1066 Spontaneous disintegration of, 1066 Gall-ducts, dilatation of, from, 1067 -bladder, changes in, from, 1066 dilatation of, 1067 adhesions, 1067 cancer of, 1067 hypertrophy of, 1067 -stones, migrations of, 1067, 1068 ulceration into neighboring organs by, 1068 Formation of fistulæ, 1068 Symptoms due to presence of gall-stones at their original site, 1069 Uneasiness in hypochondrium, 1069 Pain, 1069 in shoulder, 1069 in right side of neck, 1069 Gastralgia, 1069 Vertigo, 1070 Migraine, 1069 Headache, 1070 Digestive disturbances, 1070 Symptoms due to migration by natural channels (hepatic colic), 1070 Time of occurrence of paroxysms, 1070 Paroxysm, onset of, 1070, 1071 Pain, seat and characters of, 1070 Physiognomy, 1071 Nausea and vomiting, 1071, 1072 Pulse, state of, 1071 Collapse, 1071 Duration, 1071 Nervous disturbances, 1071 Hysteria, 1071 Convulsions, 1071 Chills, 1071, 1072 Periodicity of paroxysms, 1071 Relation to malaria, 1071, 1072 Fever, 1072 Constipation, 1072 Jaundice, 1072 duration of, 1073 After paroxysm, 1073 Stools, 1073 search for calculi in, 1073 method, 1073 Passage of inspissated bile, 1073, 1074 Recurrence of attacks, 1074 Impaction of calculi, 1074 point of, 1074 peritonitis from, 1074 adhesions, 1074 Migration by artificial routes, 1074 into neighboring organs, 1074 into stomach, 1074 into intestines, 1074 into duodenum, 1074 Biliary fistulæ, formation of, 1075 Course, 1075 Migration without symptoms, 1075 Obstruction of bowels from, 1075 Symptoms of presence in intestinal canal, 1076 Vomiting of gall-stones, 1076 Complications, 1076 Local inflammation, 1076 Dropsy of gall-bladder, 1077 Angiocholitis, 1077 Relation to cancer of ducts, 1077 Heart disturbance, 1077 Initial murmurs, 1077 Reflex nervous disorders, 1078 Herpes zoster, 1078 Death from lodgment of calculus in Vater's diverticulum, 1078 from vomiting, 1078 Diagnosis, 1078 From gastralgia, 1078 hepatalgia, 1079 flatulent colic, 1079 renal colic, 1079 Treatment, 1079 Of calculus state, 1079 Of inspissated bile, 1079 by sulphate of soda, 1079 Diet, 1079 Exercise, 1079 Bathing, 1079 Alkaline mineral waters, 1079 Phosphate of sodium, 1080 Of biliary calculi in situ, 1080 Manipulation of gall-bladder, 1080 Faradization, 1080 Ether and turpentine (Durande's remedy), 1080 Chloroform, 1081 Cholate of sodium, 1081 Ox-gall, 1081 Puncture of gall-bladder, 1081 Removal of contents of gall-bladder by puncturing, 1081 Of paroxysms of hepatic colic, 1081 Of pain, 1081 Morphia and atropia, hypodermically, 1082 dose of, 1082 Emetics, 1082 Hot fomentations, 1082 Hot baths, 1082 Chloroform, 1082 Ether, 1082 Chlorodyne, 1082 Chloral, 1082 Purgatives, 1082 Cholagogues, 1082 Ipecacuanha, 1082 Euonymin, 1082 Iridin, 1082 _Occlusion of Biliary Passages--Stenosis of Ductus Communis Choledochus_, 1082 Definition, 1082 Pathogeny, 1082 Of cystic duct, 1083 Of common duct, 1083 Passage of calculi, 1083 Catarrhal inflammation, 1083 Cicatrization of ulcers, 1083 Impaction of biliary calculi, 1084 Foreign bodies, 1084 Of hepatic duct, 1084 Seat and cause of occlusion in common duct, 1083, 1084 Pressure of tumors, 1085 Cancer of gall-bladder, 1085 of pylorus, 1085 Enlarged lymphatic glands, 1085 Effects of occlusion of cystic duct, 1085 Retention of secretion in gall-bladder, 1085 Effects of occlusion of hepatic duct, 1085 Catarrhal state, 1085 Distension of hepatic tubes with sero-mucus, 1085 Dilatation of ducts, 1086 Rupture of ducts, 1086 Changes in liver, 1086 Cell-degeneration, 1086 Symptoms, 1086 Of cystic duct, 1086 Dropsy of gall-bladder, 1086 Of hepatic duct, 1086 Jaundice, 1086, 1087 sudden disappearance of, 1087 Pruritus, 1087 Eczema, 1087 Xanthelasma, 1087 Increased area of hepatic dulness, 1087 Tenderness of hypochondrium, 1087 Enlargement of liver, 1087 Hepatic secretion, state of, 1087 Atrophy of liver, 1088 Enlargement of gall-bladder, 1087 Digestive disturbances, 1088 Appetite, state of, 1088 Tongue, state of, 1088 Thirst, 1088 Nausea and vomiting, 1088 Vomit, characters of, 1088 Bowels, irregular, 1088 Stools, characters of, 1088 color of, 1088 Kidneys, state of, 1090 Urine, state of, 1089, 1090 Albuminuria, 1090 Casts, 1090 Pulse, state of, 1089 Hemorrhages, 1089 Epistaxis, 1089 Hæmatemesis, 1089 Fever, 1090 intermittent form, 1090 distinguished from malaria, 1090 temperature, 1091 duration, 1091 Cholæmia, 1091 Nervous disturbances, 1092 Headache, 1092 Mental depression, 1092 Xanthopsia, 1092 Paralysis, 1092 Convulsions, 1092 Course, 1092 Duration, 1092 Termination, 1092 Prognosis, 1092 Diagnosis, 1092 Puncture of gall-bladder in, 1092 Exploration of gall-bladder, 1093 Mode of puncture, 1093 Of dilated gall-bladder from aneurism, 1093 from hypertrophic cirrhosis, 1093 Treatment, 1094 Fracture of impacted calculus, 1094 mode of, 1094 Solution of impacted calculi by puncture of gall-bladder, 1094 Diseases of Portal Vein, 1095 Thrombosis and Embolism of Portal Vein; Stenosis; Pylephlebitis, 1095 Definition, 1095 Causes, 1095 Coagulable state of blood, 1095 Weak heart-action, 1095 Impeded circulation from external pressure, 1095 Of adhesive pylephlebitis, 1095 Symptoms, 1096 Sudden formation of ascites, 1096 enlargement of spleen, 1096 passive congestion of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, 1096 Catarrh of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, 1096 Nausea and vomiting, 1096 Hemorrhages, 1096 Abdominal veins, abnormal anastomoses of, 1096 Course and termination, 1097 Diagnosis, 1097 Treatment, 1097 Copaiba, 1097 Pilocarpine, 1097 Leeches, 1097 Suppurative Pylephlebitis, 1097 Pathogeny, 1097 Ulceration and suppuration of intestinal tube, 1097, 1098 Multiple abscess of liver, 1097, 1098 Typhlitis, 1097, 1098 Traumatic injuries of intestine, 1097 Formation of emboli, 1097, 1098 Changes in vein-wall, 1098 Production of thrombi, 1098 Formation of secondary hepatic abscesses, 1098 Suppuration of cæcum, 1098 of rectum, 1098 Symptoms, 1099 Of primary lesion, 1099 Of secondary result, 1099 Chills, 1099 Pain, seat and character, 1099 Fever, 1099 periodic form, 1099 Temperature, 1100 Digestive disturbances, 1100 Vomiting, 1100 Hemorrhages, 1100 Tongue, condition of, 1100 Irregular bowels, 1100 Jaundice, 1100 Course, 1101 Duration, 1101 Termination, 1101 Diagnosis, 1101 Treatment, 1101 Ammonia, use of, 1101 Quinine, 1101 Corrosive sublimate, 1101 Parasites of the Liver, 1101 Echinococcus of Liver, 1101 Definition, 1101 Etiology, 1101 Migration of embryo from intestine, 1102 Pathology, 1102 Symptoms, 1102 Number of, 1102 Seat of, 1102 Atrophy of liver, 1102 Jaundice, 1102, 1104 Growth, mode of, 1102, 1103 Characters of vesicles, 1103 Contents of vesicles, 1103 Multilocular form, 1103 Hydatid tumor, characteristics of, 1104 Ascites, 1104 Enlargement of spleen, 1104 Digestive disturbances, 1104 Diagnosis, 1104 Characters of fluid, 1105 Hooklets in fluid, 1105 From abscess of liver, 1105 Duration, 1105 Termination, 1106 Treatment, 1106 Prophylaxis, 1106 Boiling and filtering of water, 1106 Therapeutical, 1106 Removal of vesicle, 1107 by incision, 1107 Puncture, 1107 Aspirator, use of, 1107 Injection of iodine, 1108 Electrolysis, 1108 Acupuncture, 1109 Distomum hepaticum (liver-flukes), 1109 Description, 1110 Mode of access to man, 1110 Diagnosis, 1110 Symptoms, 1110 Treatment, 1110 Parasiticides, use of, 1110 Creasote, 1110 Bichloride of mercury, 1110 Thymol, 1110 Parasites in Portal Vein, 1111

Liver, diseases of, as a cause of ascites, 1173 of pancreatic hemorrhage, 1129 influence on causation of constipation, 641 of functional dyspepsia, 447 of acute gastritis, 464 enlargement of, in rachitis, 139 in hereditary syphilis, 283 functional disturbance of, in intestinal indigestion, 629 hyperæmia of, relation to causation of diabetes mellitus, 195 lesions of, in diabetes mellitus, 201 in dysentery, 801 in entero-colitis, 739 in gout, 117, 118 in acute intestinal catarrh, 677 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 705 in scurvy, 173 in tabes mesenterica, 1188 secondary growths of, in gastric cancer, 556

Lobe of ear, ulceration of, in scrofula, 246

Local causes of gastric cancer, 537 nature of dysentery, 796 peritonitis, 1159 symptoms, of superficial glossitis, 357 of abscess of liver, 1010 of chronic articular rheumatism, 71 of rheumatoid arthritis, 80, 81, 85 of thrush, 334 treatment of cancrum oris, 343 of enteralgia, 665 of parenchymatous glossitis, 365 of chronic parenchymatous glossitis, 368 of superficial glossitis, 357 of chronic superficial glossitis, 367 of glossitis parasitica, 359 of acute gout, 134 of intestinal obstruction, 864 of abscess of liver, 1021 of cirrhosis of liver, 1002 of morbid dentition, 376 of chronic oesophagitis, 417 of cancer of oesophagus, 428 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 425 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 421 of ulceration of oesophagus, 418 of perihepatitis, 990 of acute peritonitis, 1151 of acute pharyngitis, 397 of syphilitic pharyngitis, 408 of purpura rheumatica, 194 of acute rheumatism, 68 of chronic articular rheumatism, 74 of muscular rheumatism, 76, 77 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 107 of rheumatoid arthritis, 100 of aphthous stomatitis, 330 of mercurial stomatitis, 348 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 338 of hereditary syphilis, 317 of thrush, 335 of tonsillitis, 387 of typhlitis and perityphlitis, 822

Locality, influence on causation of scrofula, 233

Loop-shaped form of stomach, 617

Lumbago, 77

Lumbar colotomy for cancer of rectum, 915

Lumbo-abdominal neuralgia, distinguished from enteralgia, 663

Lung disease, chronic, influence on causation of constipation, 641

Lungs, condition of, in rachitis, 152 in hereditary syphilis, 307 gangrene of, complicating cancrum oris, 341 gummata of, in hereditary syphilis, 307 hypostatic congestion and pneumonia of, in entero-colitis, 734 lesions of, in diabetes mellitus, 202 in entero-colitis, 740 in acute intestinal catarrh, 677 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 706 in scurvy, 172 in tabes mesenterica, 1188

Lupoid ulcer of rectum, 889

Luxurious living, influence of, on causation of gout, 110

Lymphangiectasis in Filaria sanguinis, 963

Lymphatic glands, caseation of, in scrofula, 239, 240 changes of, in scrofula, 239, 240 in tabes mesenterica, 1187 swelling of, in cancrum oris, 342 in parenchymatous glossitis, 361 in catarrhal stomatitis, 323 in mercurial stomatitis, 346 in tonsillitis, 382

Lympho-sarcoma of intestine, 868

M.

Macroglossia, 349

Magnesium sulphate, use of, typhlitis and perityphlitis, 822

Malaria, influence on causation of biliary calculi, 1064 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1051 of cholera morbus, 721 of diabetes mellitus, 203 of enteralgia, 660 of gastralgia, 460 of gastric hemorrhage, 582 of acute intestinal catarrh, 671 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 of jaundice, 977 of abscess of liver, 1005 of amyloid liver, 1041 of cirrhosis of liver, 991 of hyperæmia of liver, 984 of tabes mesenterica, 1186 relation to hepatic colic, 1072 to causation of rachitis, 145

Malarial form of acute pharyngitis, symptoms, 395 poison, influence on causation of biliousness, 965 of acute pharyngitis, 391

Malarious fevers, influence on causation of acute and chronic gastritis, 464, 470

Male fern, use of, in tape-worm, 941

Malformations, congenital, of anus and rectum, 837, 879

Malignant pustule of tongue, 368 stricture and ulceration of rectum and anus, 902

Malt extracts, use of, in rachitis, 162 liquors, influence on causation of biliousness, 966 of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1052 of gout, 111 of lithæmia, 969

Manganese sulphate, use of, in fatty liver, 1050

Manipulation of gall-bladder to dissolve biliary calculi, 1080

Marasmus, influence on causation of atrophy of stomach, 616

Marriage of syphilitics, 255, 265, 269

Marriages, consanguineous, influence on causation of scrofula, 234

Massage, use of, in constipation, 653 in rheumatoid arthritis, 101

Mastication, imperfect, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 445 of intestinal indigestion, 625

Maternal ill-health, influence on causation of infantile peritonitis, 1172

Maxillary bones, alterations of, in rachitis, 150

Meals, irregular, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 446

Measles of tape-worm, 932

Mechanism of intussusception, 847

Medina-worm, 962

Medulla oblongata, effects of puncture of diabetic area, 195

Medullary form of gastric cancer, 563 of gastric cancer, histology, 563

Melæna, in simple ulcer of stomach, 492, 493 neonatorum, etiology, 832

Melænamesis in gastric cancer, 545

Melanotic sarcoma of intestines, secondary to tumor of eye or skin, 873

Melituria in chronic intestinal pancreatitis, 1122 in obstruction of pancreatic ducts, 1131

Membranous form of acute pharyngitis, symptoms, 395 of acute pharyngitis, treatment, 399

Meningitis, distinguished from acute gastritis, 468 in acute rheumatism, 39

Menstrual disease, influence on causation of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 disorders from constipation, 647 influence of, on causation of rheumatoid arthritis, 90 of aphthous stomatitis, 326 of simple ulcer of stomach, 487

Menstruation, influence on causation of functional dyspepsia, 448 of gastralgia, 460 scanty, in scrofula, 245 suppression of, influence on causation of disease of pancreas, 1114

Mental anxiety, influence on causation of cholera morbus, 721 and shock, influence on causation of diabetes mellitus, 203 condition, in hepatic abscess, 1009 in acute peritonitis, 1142 in scurvy, 176 in scrofula, 245 depression in occlusion of biliary ducts, 1092 in constipation, 647, 854 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708 in intestinal indigestion, 628 in jaundice, 980 in fatty liver, 1048 in hyperæmia of liver, 987 in lithæmia, 970 influence on causation of chronic pharyngitis, 403 emotion, influence on causation of biliary calculi, 1066 spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 419 state, in cancrum oris, 341 in cholera morbus, 722 influence on digestion, 437 on causation of functional dyspepsia, 437 overwork, influence on causation of intestinal indigestion, 624 power, impaired, in intestinal indigestion, 628

Mercuric chloride, use of, in tonsillitis, 388 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1030

Mercury, use of, in biliousness, 967 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1056 in functional dyspepsia, 457 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 774 in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 760 in scrofula, 251 in hereditary syphilis, 315 in syphilitic pharyngitis, 408 bichloride, effect on rectum, 911 use of, in acute intestinal catarrh, 695 in dysentery, 809 in cirrhosis of liver, 1001 in amyloid liver, 1046 in treatment of liver-flukes, 1110 in chronic pharyngitis, 406

Mercurial ointments, use of, in pruritus ani, 917 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 822 stomatitis, 344

Mercurials, use of, in ascites, 1178, 1179 in hyperæmia of liver, 988 in chronic gastritis, 478 in jaundice, 982 in lithæmia, 972 in acute peritonitis, 1151

Mesenteric glands, changes in, in tabes mesenterica, 1187 cheesy degeneration of, in tabes mesenterica, 1187 enlargement of, in entero-colitis, 739 in acute intestinal catarrh, 677 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 705 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1026 lesions of, in dysentery, 801

Mesentery, elongated, as a cause of acute intestinal strangulation, 841

Metals, certain, influence on causation of biliousness, 966

Metamorphosis, fatty, of pancreas, 1128

Methyl-aniline-violet test for lardaceous degeneration, 875

Metastasis in gastric cancer, frequency of, 567 in carcinoma of liver, 1035 occurrence of, in tonsillitis, 383 secondary pancreatitis from, 1120 tendency to, in medullary form of gastric cancer, 563

Metastatic abscesses, complicating mercurial stomatitis, 346

Miasmatic origin of acute rheumatism, 26

Micturition, painful, in enteralgia, 661

Micro-organisms, influence on causation of dysentery, 792 of acute intestinal catarrh, 673

Micrococci and bacteria in stools in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708

Migraine complicating rheumatoid arthritis, 84

Migration of embryo from intestinal canal, in hydatids of liver, 1102 of biliary calculi by artificial routes, 1068, 1074 of echinococcus, 944 of gall-stones by artificial routes, 1068, 1074 symptoms due to, 1070

Migrations of Ascaris lumbricoides, 953 of gall-stones, 1067

Miliary aneurisms of stomach, 579

Milk of diseased cows as a cause of tabes mesenterica, 1186 condensed, use of, in cholera infantum and entero-colitis, 754 peptonized, use of, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 751, 753 in functional dyspepsia, 453 in chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1123 mode of preparing, 1123 use of, in constipation, 652 in diabetes mellitus, 218 in dysentery, 809 in functional dyspepsia, 453 in enteralgia, 666 in entero-colitis, 749 in acute and chronic gastritis, 468, 476 in treatment of gout, 129 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in acute intestinal catarrh, 690, 691 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 716 in intestinal indigestion, 633 in jaundice, 983 in amyloid liver, 1046 in cirrhosis of liver, 1000 in rachitis, 159 in cancer of stomach, 576 in dilatation of stomach, 608 in simple ulcer of stomach, 519

Milk-leg in paratyphlitis, 820

Mineral acids, use of, in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1057 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 715 in intestinal indigestion, 636 in scurvy, 184 in acute intestinal catarrh, 693, 694, 695 baths, use of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 99 poisoning, influence on causation of atrophy of stomach, 616 waters, alkaline, use of, in biliary calculus state, 1079 in chronic gastritis, 477 natural, use of, in gout, 131 saline laxative, use of, in hyperæmia of liver, 988 use of, in biliousness, 968 in constipation, 652, 653, 655 in diabetes mellitus, 225, 226 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 776 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 714, 715 in intestinal indigestion, 634, 636 in jaundice, 982 in lithæmia, 972 in rheumatoid arthritis, 99 in typhlitis, 822

Mist. cretæ, use of, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 758

Mitral murmurs due to biliary calculi, 1077

Moisture, influence on causation of dysentery, 788

Monolobular form of interstitial hepatitis, 992

Mono- or uniarticular rheumatism, 49

Morbid anatomy of catarrh of bile-ducts, 1052 of cancrum oris, 341 of cholera infantum, 742 of cholera morbus, 721 of constipation, 643 of diabetes mellitus, 199 of dysentery, 797 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 769 of entero-colitis, 736 of acute gastritis, 466 of chronic gastritis, 471 of parenchymatous glossitis, 363 of superficial glossitis, 355 of glossitis parasitica, 358 of gout, 115 of hemorrhage from bowels, 832 of interstitial hepatitis, 992 of acute intestinal catarrh, 673 of chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 of cancer of intestine, 871 in lardaceous degeneration of intestine, 875 of intussusception, 844 of abscess of liver, 1005 of amyloid liver, 1041 of carcinoma of liver, 1034 of fatty liver, 1047 of hyperæmia of liver, 985 of macroglossia, 352 of acute oesophagitis, 411 of chronic oesophagitis, 416 of cancer of oesophagus, 427 of dilatation of oesophagus, 432 of paralysis of oesophagus, 429 of organic stricture of oesophagus, 424 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 420 of ulceration of oesophagus, 418 of carcinoma of pancreas, 1123 of acute pancreatitis, 1118 of chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1121 of acute diffuse peritonitis, 1133 of tubercular peritonitis, 1167 of acute pharyngitis, 391 of chronic pharyngitis, 403 of syphilitic pharyngitis, 406 of tuberculous pharyngitis, 400 of hypertrophic stenosis of pylorus, 615 of acute rheumatism, 46 of chronic articular rheumatism, 70 of gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 103 of muscular rheumatism, 74 of rheumatoid arthritis, 86 of atrophy of stomach, 616 of cancer of stomach, 560 of cirrhosis of stomach, 613 of dilatation of stomach, 599 of hemorrhage from stomach, 583 of simple ulcer of stomach, 503 of aphthous stomatitis, 326 of catarrhal stomatitis, 323 of mercurial stomatitis, 346 of stomatitis ulcerosa, 336 of scrofula, 238 of scurvy, 171 of tabes mesenterica, 1187 of thrush, 332 of tonsillitis, 383 of typhlitis, 814 dentition, 371 growths of pancreas, 1123 influence on causation of organic stricture of oesophagus, 423

Morbus maculosus Werlhofii, 188

Morning vomiting in chronic gastritis, 473 in cirrhosis of liver, 993

Morphia, effect on rectum, 911 use of, in cholera morbus, 724 in dysentery, 811 in enteralgia, 665 hypodermatically, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in gastralgia, 463 in acute intestinal catarrh, 693 in intestinal obstruction, 863 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 425 in perihepatitis, 990 in tuberculous pharyngitis, 402 in acute rheumatism, 65 in muscular rheumatism, 76 in typhlitis, 822 and atropia, hypodermic use of, in hepatic colic, 1082

Mortality of cholera morbus, 724 of dysentery, 807 of entero-colitis, 726, 727 of hereditary syphilis, 272, 273 of parenchymatous glossitis, 364 of abscess of liver, 1017 of intestinal obstruction, 862 of acute peritonitis, 1143 of acute rheumatism, 50 of cancer of stomach, 532, 535 of simple ulcer of stomach, 502 of typhlitis and perityphlitis, 820, 821

Mouth, diseases of, 321 hemorrhage from, 370 lesions of, in entero-colitis, 739 state of, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 766 in aphthous stomatitis, 329 in gangrenous stomatitis, 340 in mercurial stomatitis, 345 in ulcerous stomatitis, 337

Movements, passive, in chronic forms of rheumatoid arthritis, 100

Mucous collections in acute intestinal catarrh, 676 discharges in non-malignant stricture of rectum, 886 membranes, affections of, in gout, 118 atrophy of, in functional dyspepsia, 451 condition of, in proctitis of chronic intestinal catarrh, 703 in thrush, 333 hypertrophy of, in chronic oesophagitis, 416 of bile-ducts, lesions of catarrh of, 1053 intestinal, lesions of, in cholera morbus, 721 in constipation, 644 gastric, lesions of, in acute gastritis, 466 lesions of, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 769 in chronic gastritis, 471 in acute intestinal catarrh, 674 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 700 in lardaceous degeneration of intestines, 875 in catarrhal stomatitis, 324 in mercurial stomatitis, 347 in cirrhosis of stomach, 614 in organic stricture of oesophagus, 424 in typhlitis, perityphlitis, 814 miliary infiltration of, in tubercular pharyngitis, 400 softening of, in chronic gastritis, 471 state of, in dilatation of stomach, 600 in dysentery, 798 of anus, hairs on, 892 of ileum, swelling of, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 701 of stomach, microscopic appearance of, in gastric cirrhosis, 614 patches, appearance of, in syphilitic pharyngitis, 407 of hereditary syphilis, 278 stools, in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708 in proctitis, 684 vomiting of chronic gastritis, 478

Mud-baths, use of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 100

Multilobular form of interstitial hepatitis, 992 of hydatid tumor of liver, 1103

Mumps, acute secondary pancreatitis metastasic of, 1121

Muriatic acid, use of, in cancrum oris, 343 dilute, in functional dyspepsia, 456 in acute intestinal catarrh, 693, 694 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 715 in intestinal indigestion, 636

Murmurs, hæmic, in gastric cancer, 553 heart, in purpura rheumatica, 189 in acute rheumatism, 28, 35

Muscles, discovery of Trichina spiralis in, 958 fatty degeneration of, in tuberculous pharyngitis, 401 lesions of, in chronic articular rheumatism, 71 in rheumatoid arthritis, 88 in scurvy, 172 pain of, in trichinosis, 960 swelling of, in trichinosis, 960 wasting of, in acute variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 80

Muscular coat, hypertrophy of, in chronic oesophagitis, 417 of stomach, hypertrophy of, in gastric cirrhosis, 614 contraction in acute intestinal catarrh, 681 cramps in enteralgia, 661 degeneration, lesions, in cholera morbus, 722 hypertrophy in dilatation of oesophagus, 432 rheumatism, 74 spasm in acute variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 80 trichinæ, 958 weakness in diabetes mellitus, 204

Musk and asafoetida, in spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 421

Mutton-tea, use of, in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 755

Myalgia complicating gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106

Mycotic form of tonsillitis, 381, 386 theory of origin of simple ulcer of stomach, 513 parasite of, 386

Myocarditis in acute rheumatism, 34

Myomata of stomach, 578

Myo-sarcomatous tumors of stomach, 578

N.

Narcotics, abuse of, influence on causation of gastralgia, 460 use of, in cancer of oesophagus, 428

Natiform skull, significance of, in hereditary syphilis, 312

Nature of cholera infantum, 744 of cholera morbus, 720 of constipation, 638, 639 of dysentery, 784 of enteralgia, 658, 659 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 767, 768 of growth in glossitis parasitica, 358 of acute intestinal catarrh, 668 of intestinal indigestion, 620 of acute pharyngitis, 391 of rachitis, 137 et seq. essential, of syphilis, 256

Nausea, in Ascaris lumbricoides, 953 in biliousness, 966 in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1053 in acute gastritis, 467 in chronic gastritis, 473 in simple ulcer of stomach, 494 in dysentery, 803 in cancer of stomach, 540 and vomiting in functional dyspepsia, 448, 449 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 765 in enteralgia, 661 in acute intestinal catarrh, 681 in intestinal obstruction, 843, 854 in intestinal ulcer, 826 in jaundice, 977 in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 1026, 1027, 1028 in cancer of liver, 1038 in cirrhosis of liver, 993 in acute pancreatitis, 1119 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1031 in tape-worm, 940 in thrombosis and embolism of portal vein, 1096 in trichinosis, 960

Necrosis of cartilages in gout, 116 of inferior maxilla in mercurial stomatitis, 346

Necrotic ulcers of stomach, 529

Nematodes, the, or thread-worms, 949

Nephritis, chronic, complicating gastric cancer, 560 parenchymatous, in hereditary syphilis, 308

Nerve, atrophy of, as a cause of cancer of oesophagus, 429 disease of, influence on causation of oesophageal paralysis, 429

Nerve-centres and nerves, disease of, in hereditary syphilis, 302

Nerves, lesions of, in gout, 117 of organic life, exhaustion of, as a cause of functional dyspepsia, 440

Nervous affections in acute rheumatism, 37 treatment, 65 complicating rheumatoid arthritis, 84 centres, hemorrhagic extravasations into, in scurvy, 180 colic, 662 disease in hereditary syphilis, diagnosis of, 304 disorders in Ascaris lumbricoides, 953 in constipation, 647 in phosphorus-poisoning, 1032 disturbances in catarrh of bile-ducts, 1054, 1055 due to biliary calculi, 1078 from occlusion of biliary passages, 1092 as a cause of cholera morbus, 721 of pseudo-membranous enteritis, 766, 777 of hepatic colic, 1071 in jaundice, 980 in lithæmia, 970 in cirrhosis of liver, 999 in Oxyuris vermicularis, 951 in tape-worm, 940 excitability, influence on causation of gastralgia, 460 exhaustion, influence of causation of cholera morbus, 720 of gout, 112 form of enteralgia, treatment of, 665 influence on causation of dysentery, 790 origin of acute rheumatism, 24 of rheumatoid arthritis, 92 symptoms from constipation, 854 of diabetes mellitus, 205, 206 of enteralgia, 662 reflex, in morbid dentition, 374 sympathetic, in chronic gastritis, 474 system, condition of, in parenchymatous glossitis, 362 influence on digestion, 437 lesions of, in diabetes mellitus, 200 state, in intestinal indigestion, 628 theory of origin of gout, 114

Nestle's food for infants, 754

Neuralgia in diabetes mellitus, 206 treatment, 229 complicating chronic articular rheumatism, 72 gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 106 of rectum, 909

Neurotic form of enteralgia, 662, 663 origin of pruritus ani, 909 of spasmodic stricture of oesophagus, 419 theory of origin of gastric ulcer, 512

Niemeyer's views of origin of cholera morbus, 720

Nitrate of uranium, use of, in diabetes mellitus, 230

Nitric acid, cauterization with, in irritable rectum, 919 use of, in cancrum oris, 343 in fatty liver, 1050 in jaundice, 982 in lithæmia, 972 in prolapsus ani, 920 in anal fissure and rectal ulceration, 912 local use of, in hemorrhoids, 926

Nitro-muriatic acid, local use of, in jaundice, 983 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775

Nitrogen, elimination of, in rachitis, 130

Nitrogenous food, excess of, as a cause of functional dyspepsia, 443

Nodes, periosteal, in gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 105

Nodosities in acute rheumatism, 43 Heberden's, of rheumatoid arthritis, 86

Nodular tubercular infiltration of tongue, 369

Nodules, number and size of, in carcinoma of liver, 1035

Non-cancerous tumors of stomach, 578

Non-malignant tumors of stomach, 578 of stomach, distinguished from malignant, 572 stricture of rectum, 885

Nose, flattening of, in hereditary syphilis, 277

Nostalgia, influence of, on causation of scurvy, 169, 170

Nursing of syphilitic children, necessity of maternal, 315

Nutmeg liver, 985

Nutrient enemata, use of, in simple ulcer of stomach, 519 suppositories, 929

Nutrition, defective, in mother, a cause of rachitis, 143

Nutritive enemata in organic stricture of oesophagus, 425

Nux vomica, use of, in functional dyspepsia, 455, 458 in constipation of functional dyspepsia, 458 in gastralgia, 463 in hepatic glycosuria, 976 in jaundice, 975 in fatty liver, 1050 in paralysis of oesophagus, 430 in acute pharyngitis, 399 in dilatation of stomach, 609

O.

Oatmeal and barley as diluents of milk for infants, 753

Obesity, influence on causation of biliary calculi, 1065

Obstruction, intestinal, 835 of bile-ducts, as a cause of jaundice, 977 as a cause of cirrhosis of liver, 991 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1124 to flow of bile as a cause of biliary calculi, 1066 intestinal from bands and loops of acute peritonitis, 1153, 1154 of orifices of stomach in gastric cancer, 566 of pancreatic duct, symptoms of, 1129 of pylorus and duodenum following acute pancreatitis, 1119 of rectum, 889

Occlusion of biliary passages, 1082 of cystic duct, pathogeny, 1082

Occupation, influence on causation of constipation, 640 of acute rheumatism, 20 of mercurial stomatitis, 344 of simple ulcer of stomach, 486

Odor of diabetic urine, 208 of mouth in stomatitis catarrhalis, 323 of stools, in acute intestinal catarrh, 680 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708

Oedema, in gastric cancer, 553 in cancer of intestines, 871 in diseases of pancreas, 1116 in trichinosis, 961 of glottis, in tonsillitis, 383 of larynx in mercurial stomatitis, 346 treatment, 348 of lung, complicating gastric cancer, 560 of one extremity in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 of skin in scurvy, 178 of vulva in cirrhosis of liver, 995 general, in cirrhosis of liver, 995

OESOPHAGUS, DISEASES OF, 409 Oesophagitis, 409 Definition, 409 Synonyms, 409 Oesophagitis, Acute, 409 Definition, 409 Synonyms, 409 History, 409 Etiology, 409 Of idiopathic catarrhal form, 410 Predisposing causes, 410 Cold and moisture, 410 Rheumatism, 410 Hot drinks, 410 Tobacco and alcohol, 410 Irritating medicines, 410 Of deuteropathic catarrhal form, 410 As an extension of catarrhal pharyngitis, 410 Pseudo-membraniform, 410 Traumatic form, 410 from injury, 411 Phlegmonous form, 411 from disease, 411 from injury, 411 from emboli, 411 from fits of anger, 411 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 411 Nature of inflammatory process, 411 Epithelium, changes in, 411 thickening and desquamation of, 411 Epithelial casts of tube, 412 Follicles, swelling and hypertrophy of, 412 ulceration of, 412 Pseudo-membranous form, 412 Seat and character of pseudo-membrane, 412 Variolous pustules, 412 Phlegmonous form, 412 Purulent infiltration in submucous connective tissue, 412 Diffuse form, 413 Mode of escape of pus, 413 Gangrene, 413 Symptoms, 413 Painful deglutition, 413 Substernal pain, 413 Pain over vertebræ, 413 Dysphagia, amount and character of, 413 Of pseudo-membranous form, 414 Expulsion of shreds of membrane, 414 Of phlegmonous form, 414 Convulsions from pressure on pneumogastric nerve, 414 Duration, 414 Complications and sequelæ, 414 Diagnosis, 414 From dorsal myelitis, 414 Value of auscultation, 414 of catheterism, 415 From spasm and stricture, 415 From carcinoma, 415 Prognosis, 415 Treatment, 415 Of mild form, 415 Of severe cases, 416 Of pyrexia, 416 Of traumatic form, 416 Use of anodynes, 416 of ice, 416 Diet, 416 Alkalies, 416 Oesophagitis, Chronic, 416 Definition, 416 Synonym, 416 Etiology, 416 Sequel of acute form, 416 Abuse of alcohol, 416 Hot drinks, 416 Chronic pulmonary and cardiac disease, 416 Foreign bodies, 416 Caries of vertebræ, 416 Pressure of tumors, 416 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 416 Hypertrophy of mucous membrane, 416 of muscular coat, 417 Abscess and ulceration, 417 Diffuse inflammation of connective tissue, 417 Symptoms, 417 Complications and sequelæ, 417 Stricture, 417 Diagnosis, 417 From spasm and stricture, 417 From carcinoma, 417 Prognosis, 417 Treatment, 417 Constitutional, 417 Diet, 417 Abstinence from alcohol, 417 Sinapisms and revulsives, 417 Use of iodides, 417 of carbonic acid waters, 417 Of pain, 418 Local, 417 Use of astringents, 417 Mode of applying astringents, 418 Cauterization of painful spots, 418 Oesophagus, Ulceration of, 418 Definition, 418 Etiology, 418 Sequel of inflammation, 418 Symptoms, 418 Sanguinolent products, expulsion of, 418 Perforation into trachea, 418 into mediastinum, 418 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 418 Deep-seated ulcers, 418 Fistulæ, 418 Diagnosis, 418 Prognosis, 418 Treatment, 418 Constitutional, 418 Of hemorrhage, 418 Cauterization of ulcers, 418 Use of ergot and turpentine, 418 Oesophagus, Stricture of, 419 Definition, 419 Spasmodic Stricture, 419 Definition, 419 Synonyms, 419 History, 419 Etiology, 419 Neurotic origin, 419 Hysterical origin, 419 Sex, 419 Age, 419 Mental emotion, 419 Organic diseases, relation of, to, 419 Pregnancy, 419 Gout and rheumatism, 419 Hydrophobia, 419 Symptoms, 419 Spasm, seat of, 419, 420 Inability to swallow, 420 Spasm, relaxation of, 420 causes of, 420 certain foods as a cause, 420 Dysphagia not complete, 420 Pain, 420 Hiccough, 420 Time of regurgitation of food, 420 Duration, 420, 421 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 420 Diagnosis, 420 From organic spasm, 421 Prognosis, 421 Frequency of recurrence, 421 Treatment, 421 Causal, 421 General, 421 Use of valerian, 421 of oxide of zinc, 421 of bromide of potassium, 421 of camphor, 421 of musk and asafoetida, 421 of belladonna and conium, 421 Local, 421 Bougie, use of, 421 mode of using, 421 Use of counter-irritation, 422 of electricity, 422 Organic Stricture, 422 Definition, 422 Synonym, 422 History, 422 Etiology, 422 Congenital, 422 Cicatricial contraction, 422 Injury, 423 Scalds, 422 Caustic drinks, 422 Syphilis, 423 Morbid growths, 423 Carcinoma, 423 Spirituous liquors, 423 Sex, 423 Age, 423 Symptoms, 423 Impediment in deglutition, 423 Regurgitation of food, 423 Pain, 423 Dysphonia, 423 Suffocative symptoms, 423 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 424 Lesions of mucous membrane, 424 Thickening of mucous membrane, 424 Lesions of muscular tissue, 424 Seat of strictures, 424 Number of strictures, 424 Forms of strictures, 424 Dilatation of oesophagus, 424 Atrophy of oesophagus, 424 Diagnosis, 424 Auscultation in, 424 Value of bougies, 424, 425 Necessity of excluding aneurism, 425 Prognosis, 425 Treatment, 425 General, 425 Use of iodides, 425 Nutrient enema, 425 Malignant form, 425 Use of arsenic, 425 of morphia, 425 Pain, 425 Local, 425 Bougies, use of, 425 mode of applying, 425, 426 Forcible dilatation, 426 Oesophagotomy, 426 Oesophagus, Carcinoma of, 426 Definition, 426 Synonym, 426 Etiology, 426 Varieties, 426 Spheroidal-celled, 426 Squamous-celled, 426 Colloid, 426 Symptoms, 427 Dysphagia, 427 Regurgitation of food, 427 Vomiting, 427 character of, 427 Emaciation, 427 Pain, 427 character of, 427 seat of, 427 Dyspnoea, 427 Perforation of larynx, 427 of lungs, 427 of pleura, 427 of large vessels, 427 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 427 Seat, 427 Involvement of adjacent structures, 427 Diagnosis, 428 Prognosis, 428 Treatment, 428 Constitutional, 428 Local, 428 Use of stomach-tube, 428 of opium, 428 of nutrient enemata, 428 of dilators, 428 Gastrostomy, 428 Oesophagus, Paralysis of, 429 Definition, 429 Synonyms, 429 Etiology, 429 Impairment of nerve-function 429 From atrophy of nerve, 429 Pressure from tumors, etc., 429 Disease of nerves, 429 of cerebro-spinal axis, 429 Syphilis, 429 Plumbism, 429 Shock and fright, 429 Cold, 429 Hysteria, 429 Symptoms, 429 Dysphagia, 429 Slow deglutition, 429 Pain, 429 Salivation, excessive, 429 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 429 Diagnosis, 429 From paralysis of pharynx, 430 Value of auscultation, 430 Prognosis, 430 Treatment, 430 Diet, 430 Mode of feeding, 430 Use of strychnia, 430 ignatia amara, 430 electricity, 430 Oesophagus, Dilatation of, 430 Definition, 430 Synonyms, 430 Etiology, 430 Congenital origin, 430 Mechanical origin, 430 Paralysis of muscular coat, 430 General form, 431 Annular form, 431 Pouched form, 431 Retention of food, 431 Symptoms, 431 Dyspepsia, 431 Presence of a tumor, 431 Regurgitation, 431 time of, 432 Of annular form, 432 Odor of breath, 432 Perforation, 432 Death, cause of, 432 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 432 General form, 432 Muscular hypertrophy, 432 Size of dilatation, 432 Annular form, 432 seat, 432 Pouched form, 432 nature, 433 seat, 433 size, 433 Diagnosis, 433 Value of auscultation, 434 Prognosis, 434 Treatment, 434 Use of stomach-tube, 434 Diet, 434 Constitutional, 435 Use of stimulants, 435 strychnia, 435 electricity, 435 Operative measures, 435 Gastrostomy, 435