SUBFAMILY SITTACINÆ

SUBFAMILY SITTACINÆ

The lengthened cuneate tail, as already stated, distinguishes this group from the American Psittacinæ with short, square, or rounded tail. The genera are distinguished as follows:—

Sittace. Culmen flattened. Face naked, except in S. pachyrhyncha. Tail as long as or longer than wings.

Conurus. Culmen rounded. Face entirely feathered, except a curve around the eye. Tail shorter than wings.

Of the genus Sittace, which embraces eighteen species, two come sufficiently near to the southern borders of the United States to render it not impossible that they may yet be found to cross the border. Of one of these, indeed, (S. pachyrhyncha,) there is a specimen in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, presented by J. W. Audubon as shot on the Rio Grande of Texas; and another (S. militaris) is common at Mazatlan, and perhaps even at Guaymas. There is considerable reason for doubt as to the authenticity of the alleged locality of the S. pachyrhyncha, but for the purpose of identification, should either species present itself, we give diagnoses in the accompanying foot-note.[137]

[137] A. Tail longer than the wings; lores and cheeks naked; the latter with narrow lines of small feathers.

S. militaris. Green; forehead red; posterior portion of back, upper and under tail-coverts with quills and tip of tail, sky-blue; under side of tail dirty orange-yellow. Wing, 14.00; middle tail-feathers, 15.00; tarsus, 1.08. Hab. Northwestern Mexico to Bolivia.

Synonymy: Psittacus militaris, LINN. S. N. 1767, 139. Sittace militaris, FINSCH, Die Papageien, I, 1867, 396.

B. Tail about equal to the wings; lores and cheeks feathered.

S. pachyrhyncha. Green; the forehead, edge of wings, and the tibiæ red; greater under wing-coverts yellow. Wing, 8.00 to 10.00; middle tail-feather, 6.50. Hab. Southern Mexico (Jalapa and Angangueo), given probably erroneously from the Rio Grande of Texas. Synonymy: Macrocercus pachyrhynchus, SW. Syn. Birds Mex. in Philos. Mag. I, 1827, 439, No. 79. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, BON. Tableau des Perroquets, Rev. et Mag. de Zoöl. 1854, 149. Sittace pachyrhyncha, FINSCH, Die Papageien, I, 1867, 428. Psittacus pascha, WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 524. Psittacus strenuus, LICHT. Preis-Verzeichiss, 1830.

GENUS CONURUS, KUHL.

Conurus, KUHL, Consp. Psittac. 4, 1830.—IB. Nova Acta K. L. C. Acad. X, 1830.

GEN. CHAR. Tail long, conical, and pointed; bill stout; cheeks feathered, but in some species leaving a naked ring round the eye; cere feathered to the base of the bill.

[Line drawing: Conurus carolinensis. 1228]

The preceding diagnosis, though not very full, will serve to indicate the essential characteristics of the genus among the Middle American forms with long pointed tails, the most prominent feature consisting in the densely feathered, not naked, cheeks. But one species belongs to the United States, though three others are found in Mexico, and many more in South and Central America. A few species occur in the West Indies.

Conurus carolinensis, KUHL.

PARAKEET; CAROLINA PARROT; ILLINOIS PARROT.

Psittaca carolinensis, BRISSON, Ornith. II, 1762, 138. Psittacus carolinensis, LINN. Syst. Nat. I, 1758, 97; 1766, 141 (nec SCOPOLI).—WILSON, Am. Orn. III, 1811, 89, pl. xxvi, fig. 1.—AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 135, pl. xxvi. Conurus carolinensis, KUHL, Nova Acta K. L. C. 1830.—BON. List, 1838.—PR. MAX. Cabanis Journ. für Orn. V, March, 1857, 97.—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 57.—FINSCH, Papagei. I, 1857, 478.—SCL. Cat. 1862, 347.—ALLEN, B. E. Fla. 308. Centurus carolinensis, AUD. Syn. 1839, 189.—IB. Birds Am. IV, 1842, 306, pl. cclxxviii. Psittacus ludovicianus, GM. Syst. I, 1788, 347. Psittacus thalassinus, VIEILL. Ency. Meth. 1377. Conurus ludovicianus, GRAY. Catal. Br. Mus. Psittac. 1859, 36 (makes distinct species from carolinensis). Carolina parrot, CATESBY, Car. I, tab. xi.—LATHAM, Syn. I, 227.—PENNANT, II, 242. Orange-headed parrot, LATHAM, Syn. I, 304.

[Line drawing: Conurus carolinensis. 1228]

SP. CHAR. Head and neck all round gamboge-yellow; the forehead, from above the eyes, with the sides of the head, pale brick-red. Body generally with tail green, with a yellowish tinge beneath. Outer webs of primaries bluish-green, yellow at the base; secondary coverts edged with yellowish. Edge of wing yellow, tinged with red; tibiæ yellow. Bill white. Legs flesh-color. Length, about 13.00; wing, 7.50; tail, 7.10. Young with head and neck green. Female with head and neck green; the forehead, lores, and suffusion round the eyes, dark red, and without the yellow of tibiæ and edge of wing. Size considerably less.

HAB. Southern and Southwestern States and Mississippi Valley; north to the Great Lakes and Wisconsin.

This species was once very abundant in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, being known throughout the Southern States, and the entire valley of the Mississippi, north to the Great Lakes. Stragglers even penetrated to Pennsylvania, and one case of their reaching Albany, N. Y., is on record. Now, however, they are greatly restricted. In Florida they are yet abundant, but, according to Dr. Coues, they are scarcely entitled to a place in the fauna of South Carolina. In Western Louisiana, Arkansas, and the Indian Territory, they are still found in considerable numbers, straggling over the adjacent States, but now seldom go north of the mouth of the Ohio. We have seen no note of their occurrence south of the United States, and in view of their very limited area and rapid diminution in numbers, there is little doubt but that their total extinction is only a matter of years, perhaps to be consummated within the lifetime of persons now living. It is a question whether both sexes are similarly colored, as in most American Parrots, or whether the female, as just stated, lacks the yellow of the head. Several female birds killed in Florida in March agree in the characters indicated above for that sex; but the material at our command is not sufficient to decide whether all females are similarly marked, or whether the plumage described is that of the bird of the second year generally. There is no trace whatever of yellow on the head.

HABITS. In determining the geographical distribution of the Carolina Parrot, a distinction should be made between its accidental occurrence and its usual and habitual residence. Strictly speaking, this species, though of roving habits, is not migratory. Its movements are irregular, and dependent upon the abundance or the scarcity of its food. Where it breeds, it is usually a permanent resident. An exceptional visit to a place cannot be taken as certain evidence that it will reappear in that locality.

When Wilson wrote, it inhabited the interior of Louisiana and the country lying upon the banks of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and their tributary waters, even beyond the Illinois River, to the neighborhood of Lake Michigan, in latitude 42° north. The same writer insisted that, contrary to the generally received opinion, it was at that time resident in all those places. Eastward of the great range of the Alleghanies it has been very seldom seen north of the State of Maryland, though straggling parties have been occasionally observed among the valleys of the Juniata. Barton states that a very large flock of these birds was observed in January, 1780, about twenty-five miles northwest of Albany.

The occurrence of this species in midwinter so far to the north, and its constant residence west of the Alleghanies throughout the year in colder regions, justify the conclusion of its being a very hardy bird. In evidence of this, Wilson mentions the fact of his having seen a number of them, in the month of February, on the banks of the Ohio, in a snow-storm, flying about like Pigeons, and in full cry.

The very evident preference which the Carolina Parakeet evinces for western localities, though in the same parallel of latitude with those east of the Alleghanies, which it rarely or never visits, is attributed by the same attentive observer to certain peculiar features of the country to which it is particularly and strongly attached. These are the low, rich alluvial bottoms along the borders of creeks, covered with a gigantic growth of buttonwood, deep and impenetrable swamps of the cypress, and those peculiar salines—or, as they are called, salt-licks—so frequent throughout that region, all of which are regularly visited by the Parakeets. The great abundance of the seeds of the cockle-bur (Xanthium strumarium) is also given as a still greater inducement for their frequenting the banks of the Ohio and the Mississippi, where these plants are found in the greatest abundance. The seeds of the cypress-trees are another powerful attraction, while the abundance of the mast of the beech, on which it feeds freely, may explain their occasional visits to more northern regions, and even to places where they were before unknown.

In descending the Ohio in the month of February, Wilson met the first flock of Parakeets at the mouth of the Little Scioto. He was informed by an old inhabitant of Marietta that they were sometimes, though rarely, seen there. He afterwards observed flocks of them at the mouth of the Great and Little Miami, and in the neighborhood of the numerous creeks which discharge themselves into the Ohio. At Big Bone Lick, near the mouth of the Kentucky River, he met them in great numbers. They came screaming through the woods, about an hour after sunrise, to drink the salt water, of which, he says, they are remarkably fond.

Audubon, writing in 1842, speaks of the Parakeets as then very rapidly diminishing in number. In some regions where twenty-five years before they had been very plentiful, at that time scarcely any were to be seen. At one period, he adds, they could be procured as far up the tributary water of the Ohio as the Great Kanawha, the Scioto, the head of the Miami, the mouth of the Maumee at its junction with Lake Erie, and sometimes as far northeast as Lake Ontario. At the time of his writing very few were to be found higher than Cincinnati, and he estimated that along the Mississippi there was not half the number that had existed there fifteen years before.

According to Nuttall, this species constantly inhabits and breeds in the Southern States, and is so hardy as to make its appearance commonly, in the depth of winter, along the wooded banks of the Ohio, the interior of Alabama, and the banks of the Mississippi and Missouri, around St. Louis, and other places, when nearly all the other birds have migrated.

Its present habitat seems to be the Southern and Southwestern States, as far west as the Missouri. They occur high up that river, although none were seen or collected much farther west than its banks. In the enumeration of the localities from which the specimens in the Smithsonian collection were derived, Florida, Cairo, Ill., Fort Smith, Arkansas, Fort Riley, Kansas, Nebraska, and Bald Island, Missouri River, and Michigan are given.

In regard to the manner of nesting, breeding-habits, number of eggs in a nest, and the localities in which it breeds, I know nothing from my own personal observations, nor are writers generally better informed, with the single exception of Mr. Audubon. Wilson states that all his informants agreed that these birds breed in hollow trees. Several affirmed to him that they had seen their nests. Some described these as made with the use of no additional materials, others spoke of their employing certain substances to line the hollows they occupied. Some represented the eggs as white, others as speckled. One man assured him that in the hollow of a large beech-tree, which he had cut down, he found the broken fragments of upwards of twenty Parakeet’s eggs, which he described as of a greenish-yellow color. He described the nest as formed of small twigs glued to each other and to the side of the tree in the manner of the Chimney-Swallow! From all these contradictory accounts Wilson was only able to gather, with certainty, that they build in companies and in hollow trees. The numerous dissections which he made in the months of March, April, May, and June led him to infer that they commence incubation late in spring or very early in summer.

Mr. Audubon, who speaks from his own observations, describes their nests, or the places in which they deposit their eggs, as simply the bottom of such cavities in trees as those to which they usually retire at night. Many females, he thinks, deposit their eggs together; and he expresses the opinion that the number of eggs which each individual lays is two, although he was not able absolutely to assure himself of this. He describes them as nearly round, and of a light greenish-white. An egg of this species from Louisiana is of a rounded oval shape, equally obtuse at either end, and of a uniform dull-white color. It measures 1.40 by 1.10 inches.

INDEX TO PLATES OF LAND BIRDS.

Ægiothus brewsteri, I. 501, pl. 22, fig. 6 exilipes, ♂ “ 498, “ “ 2 fuscescens, ♂ “ 493, “ “ 3 “ “ “ “ “ 5 Agelaius gubernator (shoulder), ♂ II. pl. 33, “ 4 gubernator, ♀ “ 163, “ “ 8 phœniceus, ♂ “ 159, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 “ (shoulder), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3 tricolor (shoulder), ♂ “ 165, “ “ 5 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 6 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7 Alauda arvensis, “ 136, pl. 32, “ 3 Ammodromus caudacutus, I. 557, pl. 25, “ 7 maritimus, “ 560, “ “ 8 Ampelis cedrorum, ♂ “ 401, pl. 18, “ 2 garrulus, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 1 Antenor unicinctus, III. 250. Anthus ludovicianus, I. 171, pl. 10, “ 3 pratensis, “ 173, “ “ 4 Antrostomus carolinensis, ♂ II. 410, pl. 46, “ 1 nuttalli, ♂ “ 417, “ “ 3 vociferus, ♂ “ 413, “ “ 2 Aquila canadensis, III. 314. Archibuteo ferrugineus, “ 300. sancti-johannis, “ 304. Astur atricapillus, “ 237. Asturina plagiata, “ 246. Atthis heloisa, ♂ II. 465, pl. 47, “ 6 Auriparus flaviceps, I. pl. 7, “ 11

Bonasa sabinei, III. 454. umbelloides, “ 453, pl. 61, “ 10 umbellus, “ 448, “ “ 3 “ “ “ “ “ 9 Bubo arcticus, “ 64. pacificus, “ 65. virginianus, “ 62. Budytes flava, I. 167, pl. 10, “ 2 Buteo borealis, III. 281. calurus, “ 286. cooperi, “ 295. elegans, “ 277. harlani, “ 292. krideri, “ 284. lineatus, “ 275. lucasanus, “ 285. oxypterus, “ 266. pennsylvanicus, “ 259. swainsoni, “ 263. zonocercus, “ 272.

Calamospiza bicolor, ♂ II. 61, pl. 29, “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3 Callipepla squamata, ♂ III. 487, pl. 63, “ 6 Calypte anna, ♂ II. 454, pl. 47, “ 7 costæ, ♂ “ 457, “ “ 8 Campephilus principalis, ♂ “ 496, pl. 49, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 Campylorhynchus affinis, I. 133, pl. 8, “ 6 brunneicapillus, “ 132, “ “ 5 Canace canadensis, III. 416, pl. 61, “ 5 “ ♀ “ “ pl. 59, “ 6 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5 franklini, ♂ “ 419, “ “ 3 fuliginosus, “ 495. obscurus, ♂ “ 422, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 richardsoni, ♂ “ 427, “ “ 4 Cardinalis coccineus, ♂ II. pl. 30, “ 8 igneus, ♂ “ 103, “ “ 0 phœniceus, “ “ “ “ 9 virginianus, ♀ “ 100, “ “ 6 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 7 Carpodacus californicus, ♂ I. 465, pl. 21, “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11 cassini, ♂ “ 460, “ “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 frontalis, ♂ “ 465, “ “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 hœmorrhous, ♂ “ “ “ “ 12 rhodocolpus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 9 purpureus, ♂ “ 462, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 Catharista atrata, III. 351. Catherpes mexicanus, I. 139, pl. 8, “ 4 Centrocercus urophasianus, ♂ III. pl. 60, “ 2 “ ♂ “ “ “ 4 “ “ 429, pl. 61, “ 6 Centronyx bairdi, I. 531, pl. 25, “ 3 Centurus aurifrons, ♂ II. 557, pl. 52, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 carolinus, ♂ “ 554, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 uropygialis, ♂ “ 558, “ “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Certhia americana, I. 125, pl. 8, “ 11 mexicana, “ 128. Certhiola bahamensis, ♂ “ 428, pl. 19, “ 5 Ceryle alcyon, ♂ II. 392, pl. 45, “ 6 cabanisi, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 9 Chætura pelagica, ♂ “ 432, pl. 45, “ 7 vauxi, ♀ “ 435, “ “ 8 Chamæa fasciata, I. 84, pl. 6, “ 8 Chamæpelia passerina, ♂ III. 389, pl. 58, “ 6 Chondestes grammaca, ♂ II. 562, pl. 31, “ 1 Chordeiles henryi, ♂ “ 404, pl. 46, “ 4 popetue, “ 407. texensis, ♂ “ 406, “ “ 5 Chrysomitris lawrenci, ♂ I. 478, pl. 22, “ 14 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 15 arizonæ, ♂ “ 476, “ “ 11 mexicana, “ “ “ 12 “ ♀ “ “ “ 13 pinus, ♂ “ 480, “ “ 16 psaltria, ♂ “ 474, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10 tristis (summer), ♂ “ 471, “ “ 7 “ (winter), ♂ “ “ “ “ 8 Cinclus mexicanus, “ 56, pl. 5, “ 1 Circus hudsonius, III. 214. Cistothorus palustris, I. 161, pl. 9, “ 6 stellaris, “ “ “ “ 7 Coccygus americanus, ♂ II. 477, pl. 48, “ 3 erythrophthalmus, “ 484, “ “ 5 minor, “ 482, “ “ 4 Colaptes auratus, ♂ “ 575, pl. 55, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 chrysoides, ♂ “ 583, pl. 54, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 hybridus, ♂ “ 582, “ “ 3 mexicanus, ♂ “ 578, pl. 55, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 Collurio borealis, ♂ I. 415, pl. 19, “ 1 “ (Juv.) “ “ “ “ 2 excubitoroides, ♂ “ 421, “ “ 3 ludovicianus, ♂ “ 418, “ “ 4 robustus, “ 420. Columba fasciata, ♂ II. 360, pl. 57, “ 2 flavirostris, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 3 leucocephala, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 4 Contopus borealis, ♂ “ 353, pl. 44, “ 1 pertinax, ♂ “ 356, “ “ 2 richardsonii, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 4 vireus, ♂ “ 357, “ “ 3 Conurus carolinensis, (Ad.) “ 587, pl. 56, “ 1 “ (Juv.) “ “ “ “ 2 Corvus americanus, ♂ “ 243, pl. 37, “ 5 carnivorus, ♀ “ 234, “ “ 6 caurinus, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 3 cryptoleucus, “ 242, “ “ 8 floridanus, “ 247, “ “ 9 mexicanus, ♂ “ 233, “ “ 4 ossifragus, “ 251, “ “ 7 Coturniculus henslowi, ♀ I. 553, pl. 25, “ 5 leconti, ♀ “ 552, “ “ 6 ochrocephalus, II. pl. 46, “ 6 passerinus, I. 553, pl. 25, “ 4 perpallidus, “ 556. Cotyle riparia, ♂ “ 353, pl. 16, “ 14 Crotophaga ani, ♀ II. 488, pl. 48, “ 2 Cupidonia cupido, III. 440, pl. 61, “ 1 “ “ “ “ “ 7 pallidicincta, “ 446. Cyanocitta arizonæ, II. 292, pl. 41, “ 2 californica, ♂ “ 288, pl. 40, “ 1 couchi, “ 293. floridana, ♂ “ 285, “ “ 4 sordida, “ 292, pl. 41, “ 1 sumichrasti, ♂ “ pl. 40, “ 2 woodhousei, ♂ “ 291, “ “ 3 Cyanospiza amœna, ♂ “ 84, pl. 29, “ 11 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 ciris, ♂ “ 87, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 cyanea, ♂ “ 82, “ “ 13 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 14 parellina, ♂ “ “ “ 6 versicolor, ♂ “ 86, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10 Cyanura coronata, ♂ “ pl. 39, “ 4 cristata, ♂ “ 273, pl. 42, “ 3 frontalis, ♂ “ 279, pl. 39, “ 2 macrolopha, ♂ “ 281, “ “ 3 stelleri, ♂ “ 277, “ “ 1 Cyrtonyx massena, III. 492, pl. 61, “ 2 “ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6

Dendroica æstiva, I. 222, pl. 14, “ 1 albilora, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 7 auduboni, “ 229, pl. 13, “ 1 blackburniæ, ♂ “ 237, “ “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3 cærulea, ♂ “ 235, “ “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11 cærulescens, ♂ “ 254, pl. 12, “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11 castanea, ♂ “ 251, pl. 13, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 chrysopareia, ♂ “ 260, pl. 12, “ 6 coronata, ♂ “ 227, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 discolor, ♂ “ 276, pl. 14, “ 9 dominica, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 5 graciæ, ♂ “ 243, “ “ 10 kirtlandi, ♂ “ 272, “ “ 5 maculosa, ♂ “ 232, “ “ 2 montana, “ 271, “ “ 3 nigrescens, ♂ “ 258, pl. 12, “ 8 occidentalis, ♂ “ 266, “ “ 5 olivacea, ♂ “ pl. 14, “ 4 palmarum, ♂ “ 273, “ “ 8 pennsylvanica, ♂ “ 245, pl. 13, “ 7 “ (Juv.) ♂ “ “ “ “ 8 pinus, ♂ “ 268, “ “ 6 striata, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 townsendi, ♂ “ 265, pl. 12, “ 7 virens, ♂ “ 261, “ “ 4 Dolichonyx orizyvorus, ♂ II. 149, pl. 32, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5

Ectopistes migratoria, ♂ “ 368, pl. 57, “ 5 Elanus leucurus, III. 198. Embernagra rufivirgata, II. 47, pl. 28, “ 3 Empidonax acadicus, ♂ “ 374, pl. 44, “ 11 difficilis, “ 380. flaviventris, ♂ “ 378, “ “ 12 hammondii, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 7 minimus, ♂ “ 372, “ “ 10 obscurus, ♂ “ 381, “ “ 6 pusillus, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 9 traillii, ♂ “ 369, “ “ 8 Eremophila cornuta, ♂ “ 141, pl. 32, “ 1 “ (Juv.) “ “ “ “ 2 Euspiza americana, ♂ “ 65, pl. 28, “ 11 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 townsendi, ♀ “ 68, “ “ 13

Falco anatum, III. 132. candicans, “ 111. columbarius, “ 144. femoralis, “ 155. isabellinus, “ 171. islandicus, “ 113. labradora, “ 117. pealei, “ 137. polyagrus, “ 123. richardsoni, “ 148. sacer, “ 115. sparverius, “ 169. suckleyi, “ 147.

Galeoscoptes carolinensis, I. 52, pl. 3, “ 5 Geococcyx californianus, ♂ II. 492, pl. 48, “ 1 Geothlypis macgillivrayi, ♂ I. 303, pl. 15, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 philadelphia, ♂ “ 301, “ “ 6 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 9 trichas, ♂ “ 297, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 Glaucidium californicum, III. 81. ferrugineum, “ 85. Guiraca cærulea, ♂ II. 77, pl. 29, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Gymnokitta cyanocephala, ♂ “ 260, pl. 38, “ 2

Haliaëtus albicilla, III. 324. leucocephalus, “ 326. Harporhynchus cinereus, I. 40, pl. 4, “ 2 crissalis, “ 47, “ “ 1 curvirostris, “ 41, pl. 3, “ 3 lecontei, “ 44, pl. 4, “ 3 longirostris, “ 39, pl. 3, “ 2 palmeri, “ 43. redivivus, “ 45, pl. 4, “ 4 rufus, “ 37, pl. 3, “ 1 Hedymeles ludovicianus, ♂ II. 70, pl. 30, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 melanocephalus, ♂ “ 73, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 Heliopædica xantusi, ♂ “ 467, pl. 47, “ 3 Helminthophaga bachmani, ♂ I. 194, pl. 11, “ 3 celata (var. Cape Lucas), “ 204, “ “ 4 “ (var. Florida), “ “ “ 6 “ (var. Rocky Mts.), I. 202, “ “ 5 chrysoptera, ♂ “ 192, “ “ 2 luciæ, “ 200, “ “ 9 peregrina (in spring), “ 205, “ “ 10 “ (in autumn), “ “ “ “ 11 pinus, ♂ “ 195, “ “ 1 ruficapilla, “ 196, “ “ 7 “ (var. Calif.), “ “ “ 8 virginiæ, “ 199, “ “ 12 Helmitherus swainsoni, “ 190, pl. 10, “ 9 vermivorus, “ 187, “ “ 10 Hesperiphona montana, “ 449, pl. 22, “ 4 vespertina, ♂ “ “ “ “ 1 Hirundo horreorum, ♂ “ 339, pl. 16, “ 9 Hylotomus pileatus, ♀ II. 550, pl. 56, “ 4 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5

Icteria longicauda, I. 309. virens, ♂ “ 307, pl. 15, “ 12 Icterus auduboni, ♂ II. 186, pl. 35, “ 1 baltimore, ♂ “ 195, “ “ 5 bullocki, ♂ “ 199, pl. 34, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7 cucullatus, ♂ “ 193, pl. 35, “ 6 parisorum, ♂ “ 188, “ “ 7 spurius, ♂ “ 190, pl. 34, “ 4 “ (Juv.) ♂ “ “ “ “ 5 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 wagleri, ♂ “ pl. 35, “ 2 Ictinia mississippiensis, III. 203.

Junco aikeni, ♂ I. 584, pl. 26, “ 6 caniceps, ♂ “ 587, “ “ 3 hyemalis, ♂ “ 580, “ “ 5 oregonus, ♂ “ 584, “ “ 2

Lagopus albus, III. 457, pl. 61, “ 8 “ (summer), ♂ “ “ pl. 62, “ 1 “ (winter), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3 “ (summer), ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 leucurus (summer), ♂ “ 464, “ “ 6 rupestris (winter), ♂ “ 462, “ “ 4 “ (summer), ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Lanivireo cassini, ♂ I. 376, pl. 17, “ 9 flavifrons, ♂ “ 379, “ “ 5 plumbea, ♂ “ 377, “ “ 10 solitaria, ♂ “ 373, “ “ 8 Leucosticte arctous, “ pl. 23, “ 10 australis, “ “ “ 9 campestris, “ 507, “ “ 7 griseinucha, ♂ “ 508, “ “ 5 littoralis, “ 507, “ “ 6 tephrocotis, “ 504, “ “ 8 Lophophanes atricristatus, “ 90, pl. 6, “ 2 bicolor, “ 87, “ “ 1 inornatus, “ 91, “ “ 3 wollweberi, “ 93, “ “ 4 Lophortyx californicus, III. 479, pl. 61, “ 4 “ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 gambeli, ♂ “ 482, “ “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Loxia americana, ♂ I. 484, pl. 23, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 leucoptera, ♂ “ 488, “ “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3 mexicana, “ “

Melanerpes angustifrons, ♂ II. 573, pl. 53, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 erythrocephalus, ♂ “ 564, pl. 54, “ 4 formicivorus, ♂ “ 566, pl. 53, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 torquatus, ♂ “ 561, pl. 54, “ 5 Meleagris gallopavo, III. 404. mexicana, “ 410. Melopeleia leucoptera, ♂ “ 376, pl. 58, “ 4 Melospiza fallax, ♀ II. 22, pl. 27, “ 10 guttata, “ 27, “ “ 12 heermanni, ♂ “ 24, “ “ 9 insignis, “ 30, “ “ 8 lincolni, “ 31, “ “ 13 melodia, “ 19, “ “ 6 palustris, ♂ “ 34, pl. 28, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 rufina, “ 29, pl. 27, “ 11 samuelis, “ 26, “ “ 7 Micrathene whitneyi, III. 87. Milvulus forficatus, ♂ II. 311, pl. 43, “ 1 tyrannus, “ 309. Mimus polyglottus, I. 49, pl. 3, “ 4 Mitrephorus pallescens, ♂ II. 386, pl. 44, “ 13 Mniotilta varia, ♂ I. 180, pl. 10, “ 6 Molothrus pecoris, ♀ II. 154, pl. 32, “ 6 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7 obscurus, ♂ “ “ “ 8 Motacilla alba, I. 165, pl. 10, “ 1 Myiadestes townsendi, ♂ “ 409, pl. 18, “ 5 “ (Juv.) “ “ “ “ 6 Myiarchus cinerascens, ♂ II. 337, pl. 43, “ 8 crinitus, ♂ “ “ “ 7 lawrencii, ♂ “ “ “ 9 Myiodioctes canadensis, ♂ I. 320, pl. 16, “ 6 minutus, “ 316, “ “ 2 mitratus, ♂ “ 314, pl. 15, “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ 11 pileolatus, “ 319. pusillus, ♂ “ 317, pl. 16, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 Nauclerus forficatus, III. 192. Neocorys spraguei, ♀ I. 175, pl. 10, “ 5 Nephœcetes niger, ♀ II. 429, pl. 45, “ 4 Nisus cooperi, III. 230. fuscus, “ 224. mexicanus, “ 231. Nyctale richardsoni, “ 40. acadica, “ 43. Nyctea scandiaca, “ 70.

Onychotes gruberi, “ 254. Oporornis agilis, ♂ I. 290, pl. 15, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 formosa, ♂ “ 293, “ “ 3 Oreopeleia martinica, ♂ III. 393, pl. 58, “ 1 Oreortyx pictus, ♂ “ 475, pl. 63, “ 5 Oreoscoptes montanus, I. 32, pl. 3, “ 6 Ortalida macalli, II. 398, pl. 57, “ 1 Ortyx texanus, ♀ III. 474, pl. 63, “ 4 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 3 virginianus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 Otus brachyotus, “ 22. wilsonianus, “ 18.

Pandion carolinensis, “ 184. Panyptila melanoleuca, ♂ II. 424, pl. 45, “ 5 Parula americana, ♂ I. 208, pl. 10, “ 7 Parus atricapillus, “ 96, pl. 7, “ 1 carolinensis, “ 102, “ “ 4 hudsonicus, “ 105, “ “ 7 montanus, “ 95, “ “ 5 occidentalis, “ 101, “ “ 3 rufescens, “ 104, “ “ 6 septentrionalis, “ 99, “ “ 2 Passerculus alaudinus, “ 537, pl. 24, “ 11 anthinus, “ 539, “ “ 10 caboti, II. pl. 46, “ 9 guttatus, I. 544, pl. 25, “ 1 princeps, “ 540, “ “ 2 rostratus, “ 542, pl. 24, “ 12 sandwichensis, “ 538, “ “ 9 savanna, “ 534, “ “ 8 Passerella iliaca, II. 50, pl. 28, “ 7 megarrhyncha, “ 57, “ “ 10 schistacea, “ 56. townsendi, ♀ “ 53, “ “ 8 Pediœcetes columbianus, III. 434, pl. 60, “ 1 phasianellus, “ 436, “ “ 3 Perisoreus canadensis, ♂ II. 299, pl. 41, “ 3 “ (Juv.) “ pl. 42, “ 4 capitalis, ♂ II. 302, pl. 41, “ 4 obscurus, “ “ Perissoglossa carbonata, I. 214, pl. 12, “ 3 tigrina, ♂ “ 212, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 Petrochelidon lunifrons, ♂ “ 334, pl. 16, “ 13 Peucæa æstivalis, II. 39, pl. 28, “ 4 arizonæ, “ 41. carpalis, “ pl. 46, “ 8 cassini, “ 42, pl. 28, “ 5 ruficeps, “ 45, “ “ 6 Phainopepla nitens, ♂ I. 405, pl. 18, “ 3 “ ♂ “ “ “ 4 Phonipara zena, ♂ II. 93, pl. 29, “ 15 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 16 Phyllopneuste borealis, I. pl. 5, “ 5 Pica hudsonica, ♂ II. 266, pl. 38, “ 1 nuttalli, ♂ “ 270, “ “ 3 Picicorvus columbianus, “ 255, “ “ 4 Picoides americanus, ♂ “ 532, pl. 50, “ 2 arcticus, ♂ “ 530, “ “ 1 Picus albolarvatus, ♂ “ 526, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 borealis, ♂ “ 524, pl. 49, “ 8 gairdneri, “ 512. harrisi, “ 507. lucasanus, “ 519. nuttalli, ♂ “ 521, pl. 50, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 pubescens, ♂ “ 509, pl. 49, “ 6 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7 scalaris, ♂ “ 515, pl. 50, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 villosus, ♂ “ 503, pl. 49, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 “ (Juv.) ♂ “ “ “ “ 5 Pinicola enucleator, ♂ I. 453, pl. 21, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 Pipilo aberti, ♂ II. 128, pl. 31, “ 7 albigula, ♂ “ 127, “ “ 11 alleni, “ 112. arcticus, ♂ “ 119, “ “ 5 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 chlorura, ♂ “ 131, “ “ 4 crissalis, ♂ “ 122, “ “ 8 erythrophthalmus, ♂ “ 109, “ “ 2 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 3 megalonyx, ♀ “ 113, “ “ 9 mesoleucus, ♂ “ 125, “ “ 10 oregonus, ♀ “ 116, “ “ 12 Plectrophanes lapponicus, ♂ I. 515, pl. 24, “ 7 maccowni, ♂ “ 523, “ “ 1 melanomus, ♂ “ 521, “ “ 6 nivalis, ♂ “ 512, “ “ 2 ornatus, ♂ “ 520, “ “ 3 pictus, ♂ “ 518, “ “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Polioptila cærulea, “ 78, pl. 6, “ 5 melanura, “ 81, “ “ 7 plumbea, “ 80, “ “ 6 Polyborus auduboni, III. 178. Poocætes gramineus, II. 545, pl. 29, “ 1 Poospiza belli, I. 593, pl. 26, “ 9 bilineata, ♂ “ 590, “ “ 8 nevadensis, “ 594. Progne cryptoleuca, “ 332. subis, ♀ “ 329, pl. 16, “ 7 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 10 Protonotaria citrea, “ 184, pl. 10, “ 8 Psaltriparus melanotis, “ 108, pl. 7, “ 8 minimus, “ 109, “ “ 9 plumbeus, “ 110, “ “ 10 Pseudogryphus californianus, III. 338. Psilorhinus morio, ♀ II. 304, pl. 42, “ 2 Pyranga æstiva, ♂ I. 441, pl. 20, “ 5 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 cooperi, ♂ “ 444, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 hepatica, ♂ “ 440, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10 ludoviciana, ♂ “ 437, “ “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 rubra, ♂ “ 435, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 Pyrgita domestica, “ 525, pl. 23, “ 12 Pyrocephalus mexicanus, ♂ II. 387, pl. 44, “ 5 Pyrrhula cassini, ♂ I. 457, pl. 23, “ 11 Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, ♂ II. 95, pl. 30, “ 3

Quiscalus æneus, “ 218. aglæus, ♂ “ 221, pl. 37, “ 2 macrourus, ♂ “ 225, pl. 36, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 major, ♂ “ 222, “ “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 purpureus, ♂ “ 214, pl. 37, “ 1

Regulus calendula, I. 75, pl. 5, “ 9 cuvieri, “ “ “ “ 7 satrapa, “ 73, “ “ 8 Rhinogryphus aura, III. 344. Rostrhamus sociabilis, “ 209.

Salpinctes obsoletus, I. 135, pl. 8, “ 3 Saxicola œnanthe, “ 60, pl. 5, “ 6 Sayornis fuscus, ♂ II. 343, pl. 45, “ 2 nigricans, ♂ “ 340, “ “ 1 sayus, ♂ “ 347, “ “ 3 Scardafella inca, ♂ III. 387, pl. 58, “ 7 Scolecephalus cyanocephalus, ♀ II. 206, pl. 35, “ 3 ferrugineus, ♂ “ 203, “ “ 4 Scops asio, III. 49. flammeola, “ 58. floridana, “ 57. kennicotti, “ 53. maccalli, “ 52. Seiurus aurocapillus, I. 280, pl. 14, “ 11 ludovicianus, ♂ “ 287, “ “ 13 noveboracensis, ♂ “ 283, “ “ 12 Selasphorus platycercus, ♂ II. 462, pl. 47, “ 5 rufus, ♂ “ 459, “ “ 4 Setophaga picta, ♂ “ pl. 46, “ 7 “ ♂ “ pl. 56, “ 3 ruticilla, ♂ I. 322, pl. 16, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Sialia arctica, “ 67, pl. 5, “ 4 mexicana, “ 65, “ “ 2 sialis, “ 62, “ “ 3 Sitta aculeata, “ 117. canadensis, ♂ “ 118, pl. 8, “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 carolinensis, ♂ “ 114, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 pusilla, “ 122, “ “ 9 pygmæa, “ 120, “ “ 10 Spheotyto hypogæa, III. 90. Spermophila moreleti, ♂ II. 91, pl. 29, “ 17 Sphyropicus nuchalis, ♂ “ 542, pl. 51, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 ruber, ♂ “ 544, “ “ 6 thyroideus, ♂ “ 547, pl. 56, “ 6 varius, ♂ “ 539, pl. 51, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 williamsoni, ♀ “ 545, “ “ 5 Spizella arizonæ, “ 11. atrigularis, ♂ I. 15, pl. 26, “ 11 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 12 breweri, II. 13, pl. 27, “ 4 monticola, “ 3, “ “ 5 pallida, “ 11, “ “ 3 pusilla, ♀ “ 5, “ “ 2 socialis, “ 7, “ “ 1 Starnœnas cyanocephala, ♂ III. 395, pl. 58, “ 5 Stelgidopteryx serripennis, ♂ I. 350, pl. 16, “ 12 Stellula calliope, ♂ II. 445, pl. 47, “ 9 Strix pratincola, III. 13. Sturnella magna, ♂ II. 174, pl. 34, “ 2 neglecta, ♂ “ 176, “ “ 1 Sturnus vulgaris, ♂ “ 229, pl. 35, “ 8 Surnia ulula, III. 75. Syrnium cinereum, “ 30. nebulosum, “ 34. occidentale, “ 38.

Tachycineta bicolor, ♂ I. 344, pl. 16, “ 8 thalassina, ♂ “ 347, “ “ 11 Thaumatias linnæi, II. 468. Thryothorus berlandieri, I. 144, pl. 9, “ 2 bewicki, ♂ “ 145, “ “ 3 “ “ “ “ “ 4 leucogaster, “ 147. ludovicianus, “ 142, “ “ 1 spilurus, “ 147. Trochilus alexandri, ♂ II. 450, pl. 47, “ 1 colubris, ♂ “ 448, “ “ 2 Troglodytes ædon, I. 149, pl. 9, “ 5 alascensis, “ 157, “ “ 8 hyemalis, “ 155, “ “ 9 pacificus, “ “ “ 10 parkmanni, “ 153. Turdus aliciæ, “ 11, pl. 1, “ 3 auduboni, “ 21, “ “ 8 confinis, “ 27, pl. 2, “ 1 fuscescens, “ 9, pl. 1, “ 5 iliacus, “ 23, pl. 2, “ 4 migratorius, “ 25, “ “ 3 mustelinus, “ 7, pl. 1, “ 1 nævius, “ 29, pl. 2, “ 2 nanus, “ 20, pl. 1, “ 7 pallasi, “ 18, “ “ 6 swainsoni, “ 14, “ “ 4 ustulatus, “ “ “ 2 Tyrannus carolinensis, ♂ II. 316, pl. 43, “ 2 couchi, ♂ “ 329, “ “ 6 dominicensis, ♂ “ 319, “ “ 3 verticalis, ♂ “ 324, “ “ 4 vociferans, ♂ “ 327, “ “ 5

Vireo atricapillus, ♂ I. 383, pl. 17, “ 6 belli, ♂ “ 389, “ “ 13 huttoni, ♂ “ 387, “ “ 12 noveboracensis, ♂ “ 385, “ “ 11 pusillus, ♂ “ 391, “ “ 14 vicinior, ♂ “ 393, “ “ 7 Vireosylvia barbatula, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 1 flavoriridis, “ 366. gilva, ♂ “ 368, “ “ 3 olivacea, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 2 philadelphica, “ 367, “ “ 4 swainsoni, “ 371.

Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, ♂ II. 167, pl. 32, “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ pl. 33, “ 9 Xanthoura luxuosa, “ 295, pl. 42, “ 1

Zenaida amabilis, ♂ III. 379, pl. 58, “ 3 Zenaidura carolinensis, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 2 Zonotrichia albicollis, ♂ I. 574, pl. 26, “ 10 coronata, ♂ “ 573, “ “ 1 gambeli, ♂ “ 569, pl. 25, “ 11 “ (Juv.) “ “ “ “ 12 leucophrys, (Juv.) ♂ “ 566, “ “ 9 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 10 querula, (Ad.) ♂ “ 577, pl. 26, “ 4 “ (autumn) “ “ “ “ 7

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

Ani, II. 488.

Bee Martin, II. 316. Bird of Paradise (Texas), II. 311. Birds of Prey, III. 1. Blackbird, Brewer’s, II. 206. Cow, II. 154. Crimson-shouldered, II. 163. Crow, II. 214. Red and White shouldered, II. 165. Redwing, II. 159. Rusty, II. 203. Savanna, II. 488. Swamp, II. 159. White-winged, II. 61. Yellow-headed, II. 167. Black Warrior, III. 292. Bluebird, Eastern, I. 62. California, I. 65. Rocky Mountain, I. 67. Bobolink, II. 149. Bob-White, III. 468. Bull-Bat, II. 401. Bullfinch, Cassin’s, I. 457. Bunting, Arctic, II. 119. Baird’s, I. 531. Bay-winged, I. 545. Black-crowned, I. 573. Black-throated, II. 65. Blue, II. 82. Cañon, II. 125. Chestnut-collared, I. 520. Green-tailed, II. 131. Henslow’s, I. 550. Indigo, II. 82. Lark, II. 61. Leconte’s, I. 552. Long-clawed, II. 113. Maccown’s, I. 523. Painted, II. 87. Seaside, I. 560. Sharp-tailed, I. 557. Smith’s, I. 518. Townsend’s, II. 68. Varied, II. 86. Western Yellow-winged, I. 556. Yellow-winged, I. 553. Burion, I. 465, 466, 468. Bush-Titmouse, Black-eared, I. 108. Lead-colored, I. 110. Least, I. 109. Yellow-headed, I. 112. Butcher-Bird, I. 415. Buzzard, Harris’s, III. 250. Turkey, III.

Cardinal, Cape, II. 103. Grosbeak, II. 100. Texas, II. 95. Catbird, I. 52. Cedar-Bird, I. 401. Chacalacca, Texas, III. 398. Chaparral Cock, II. 472. Chat, Long-tailed, I. 309. Yellow-breasted, I. 390. Chatterer, Bohemian, I. 396. Chewink, II. 109. Florida, II. 112. White-eyed, II. 112. Chickadee, Brown-capped, I. 105. Chestnut-backed, I. 104. Eastern, I. 96. Hudson’s Bay, I. 105. Long-tailed, I. 99. Mountain, I. 95. Southern, I. 102. Western, I. 101. White-browed, I. 95. Chippy, II. 7. Chuck-Will’s Widow, II. 410. Cock of the Plains, III. 429. Condor, California, III. 338. Cowbird, II. 154. Creepers, I. 124, 425. Creeper, Bahama, I. 428. Brown, I. 125. Mexican, I. 128. Crossbill, Mexican, I. 488. Red, I. 484. White-winged, I. 488. Crow, Carrion, III. 351. Clarke’s, II. 255. Common, II. 243. Fish, II. 251. Florida, II. 247. Northwestern Fish, II. 248. White-necked, II. 242. Cuckoos, II. 470. Cuckoo, Black-billed, II. 484. Mangrove, II. 482. Yellow-billed, II. 477. Curassows, III. 397.

Dipper, American, I. 56. Dove, Carolina, or Common, III. 383. Ground, III. 389. Red-billed, III. 363. Scaly, III. 387. White-winged, III. 376. Zenaida, III. 379.

Eagle, American, III. 326. Bald, III. 326. Caracara, III. 178. Golden, III. 314. Ring-tailed, III. 314. Emerald, Linnæus’s, II. 468.

Falcons, III. 103. Falcon, American Peregrine, III. 132. Aplomado, III. 155. Black Peregrine, III. 137. Prairie, III. 123. Finches, I. 466. Finch, Black-faced, II. 93. Blanding’s, II. 131. California Purple, I. 465. Cañon, II. 122. Cassin’s Purple, I. 460. Crimson-fronted, I. 465, 466. Eastern Purple, I. 462. Gray-cheeked, I. 507. Gray-crowned, I. 504. Gray-eared, I. 508. Hepburn’s, I. 507. Lazuli, II. 84. Lincoln’s, II. 31. Mountain, II. 3. Painted, II. 87. Summer, II. 39. Yellow-throated, II. 65. Flicker, II. 575. Cape, II. 583. Hybrid, II. 582. Red-shafted, II. 578. Flycatcher, Arkansas, II. 324. Ash-throated, II. 337. Buff-breasted Least, II. 386. Canada, I. 320. Cassin’s, II. 327. Crested, II. 334. Fork-tailed, II. 309. Great-crested, II. 334. Green Black-capped, I. 317. Hammond’s, II. 383. Least, II. 372. Little, II. 366. Mexican Olive-sided, II. 356. Olive-sided, II. 353. Red, II. 387. Shining-crested, I. 405. Small-headed, I. 316. Small Green-crested, II. 374. Swallow-tail, II. 311. Traill’s, II. 369. Western Yellow-bellied, II. 380. Wright’s, II. 381. Yellow-bellied, II. 378.

Gerfalcon, Black, III. 117. Iceland, III. 113. McFarlane’s, III. 115. White, III. 111. Gnatcatcher, Arizona, I. 80. Black-capped, I. 81. Blue-gray, I. 78. Eastern, I. 78. Lead-colored, I. 80. Goatsuckers, II. 398. Goatsucker, Long-winged, II. 401. Short-winged, II. 410. Goldfinch, Arizona, I. 476. Arkansas, I. 474. Black, I. 478. Lawrence’s, I. 478. Mexican, I. 478. Pine, I. 480. Rocky Mountain, I. 474. Goshawk, American, III. 237. Grakle, Boat-tailed, II. 222. Bronzed, II. 218. Florida, II. 221. Great-tailed, II. 225. Purple, II. 215. Greenlet, Florida, I. 360. Philadelphia, I. 367. Red-eyed, I. 363. Warbling, I. 368. Western Warbling, I. 371. Grosbeak, Black-headed, II. 73. Blue, II. 77. Evening, I. 449. Pine, I. 453. Rose-breasted, II. 70. Ground-Tits, I. 83, 84. Grouse, III. 414. Canada, III. 416. Dusky, III. 422. Franklin’s, III. 419. Oregon, III. 454. Oregon Dusky, III. 425. Pinnated, III. 440. Richardson’s Dusky, III. 427. Ruffled, III. 448. Sharp-tailed, III. 434. Shoulder-knot, III. 448. Spotted, III. 416. Willow, III. 457. Gyrfalcon. See Gerfalcon.

Hang-Nest, II. 195. Harrier, American, III. 214. Hawk, American Sparrow, III. 169. Baird’s, III. 263. Band-tail, III. 272. Black, III. 304. Broad-winged, III. 259. California Squirrel, III. 300. Cooper’s, III. 230. Cooper’s Red-tailed, III. 295. Duck, III. 132. Fish, III. 184. Gruber’s, III. 254. Harlan’s, III. 292. Marsh, III. 214. Mexican, III. 246. Mexican Blue-backed, III. 231. Pigeon, III. 144. Red-bellied, III. 277. Red-shouldered, III. 275. Red-tailed, III. 281. Rough-legged, III. 304. Sharp-shinned, III. 224. Sharp-winged, III. 266. Swainson’s, III. 263. Swallow-tailed, III. 192. Heathcock, Black-spotted, III. 416. High-Holder, II. 575. Hoot-Owl, III. 34. House-Finch, California, I. 468. Hummer, Ruffed, II. 457. Humming-Birds, II. 437. Humming-Bird, Anna, II. 454. Black-chinned, II. 450. Broad-tailed, II. 462. Calliope, II. 445. Costa’s, II. 457. Heloisa’s, II. 465. Ruby-throated, II. 448. Rufous-backed, II. 459. Xantus’s, II. 467.

Indigo-Bird, II. 82.

Jackdaw, II. 222. Jay, Alaskan Gray, II. 302. Blue, II. 273. Brown, II. 304. California, II. 288. Canada, II. 299. Florida, II. 285. Green, II. 295. Long-crested, II. 281. Maximilian’s, II. 260. Rocky Mountain Gray, II. 302. Sierra, II. 279. Steller’s, II. 277. Ultramarine, II. 293. Woodhouse’s, II. 291.

Kestrel, American, III. 169. Kingbird, II. 316. Couch’s, II. 329. Gray, II. 319. King-Buzzard, III. 178. Kingfishers, II. 391. Kingfisher, Belted, II. 392. Green, II. 396. Texas, II. 396. Kinglet, Cuvier’s, I. 75. Golden-crowned, I. 73. Ruby-crowned, I. 75. Kite, Black-shouldered, III. 198. Blue, III. 203. Everglade, III. 203. Fork-tailed, III. 192. Hook-bill, III. 203. Mississippi, III. 203. White-tailed, III. 198.

Lanner, American, III. 123. Lark, Meadow, II. 174. Old Field, II. 174. Western, II. 176. Linnet, Brewster’s, I. 501. House, I. 465. Red-headed, I. 468. Log-Cock, II. 550. Loggerhead, I. 418. Western, I. 421. Longspur, Black-bellied, I. 520. Black-shouldered, I. 521. Chestnut-shouldered, I. 523. Lapland, I. 515. Painted, I. 518.

Magpie, II. 266. Yellow-billed, II. 270. Martin, Cuban, I. 332. Purple, I. 329. Sand, I. 353. Marsh-Wren, Long-billed, I. 161. Short-billed, I. 159. Merlin, American, III. 144. Black, III. 147. Richardson’s, III. 148. Mocking-Bird, I. 49. Moose-Bird, II. 299.

Night-Hawk, II. 401. Texas, II. 406. Western, II. 404. Nonpareil, II. 87. Nuthatch, Brown-headed, I. 122. Pygmy, I. 120. Red-bellied, I. 118. Slender-billed, I. 117. White-bellied, I. 114.

Orioles, II. 147. Oriole, Audubon’s, II. 186. Baltimore, II. 195. Bullock’s, II. 199. Hooded, II. 193. Orchard, II. 190. Red-winged, II. 159. Scott’s, II. 188. Osprey, American, III. 184. Owls, III. 4. Owl, American Barn, III. 13. American Hawk, III. 75. American Snowy, III. 70. American Sparrow, III. 40. Barred, III. 34. Burrowing, III. 90. California Pygmy, III. 81. Feilner’s, III. 58. Great Gray, III. 30. Great Horned, III. 62. Kennicott’s, III. 53. Kirtland’s, III. 43. Lesser-horned, III. 18. Little Red, III. 49. Long-eared, III. 18. Marsh, III. 22. Mottled, III. 49. Red-tailed, III. 85. Richardson’s, III. 40. Saw-whet, III. 43. Short-eared, III. 22. Spotted, III. 38. Western-barred, III. 38. Western Great-horned, III. 64. Western-mottled, III. 52. White-fronted, III. 43. Whitney’s, III. 87.

Paisano, II. 472. Parakeet, II. 587. Parrots, II. 585. Parrot, Carolina, II. 587. Illinois, II. 587. Orange-headed, II. 587. Partridge, III. 448, 466, 468. Massena, III. 492. Mountain, III. 453. Plumed, III. 475. Scaled or Blue, III. 487. Spruce, III. 416. Pewee, II. 343. Black, II. 340. Say’s, II. 347. Short-legged, II. 360. Western Wood, II. 360. Wood, II. 357. Pheasant, III. 448. Phœbe-Bird, II. 343. Pigeons, III. 357. Pigeon, Band-tailed, III. 360. Blue-headed, III. 395. Key West, III. 393. Passenger, III. 368. White-headed, III. 363. Wild, III. 368. Pipit, American, I. 171. European, I. 173. Sprague’s, I. 175. Poor-Will, II. 417. Prairie-Chicken, III. 440. Prairie-Hen, III. 440. Texas, III. 446. Ptarmigan, White, III. 457. Rock, III. 462. White-tailed, III. 464.

Quail, III. 468. California, III. 479. Gambel’s, III. 482. Mountain, III. 475.

Raven, American, II. 234. Redbird, II. 100. Summer, I. 441. Redbreast, American, I. 25. Red-Poll, Lesser, I. 493. Mealy, I. 498. Redstart, American, I. 322. Red-Tail, Eastern, III. 282. St. Lucas, III. 285. White-bellied, III. 284. Reedbird, II. 149. Ricebird, II. 149. Road-Runner, II. 472. Robins, I. 25. Robin, Cape St. Lucas, I. 27. Golden, II. 195. Ground, II. 109. Oregon, I. 29. Oregon Ground, II. 116.

Sage-Cock, III. 429. Sapsucker, Larger, II. 503. Lesser, II. 509. Scissor-Tail, II. 311. Screech-Owl, III. 49. Sea-Eagle, Gray, III. 324. Seed-Eater, Little, II. 91. Sharp-Tail, Columbia, III. 436. Shore-Lark, II. 141. Shrikes, I. 412. Shrike, Great Northern, I. 415. Southern, I. 418. White-rumped, I. 421. White-winged, I. 420. Skylark, II. 136. Missouri, I. 175. Snowbirds, I. 580. Snowbird, Oregon, I. 584. Red-backed, I. 587. White-winged, I. 584. Snow-Bunting, I. 512. Solitaire, Townsend’s, I. 409. Sparrows, I. 528. Sparrow, Arizona, II. 41. Artemisia, I. 594. Bachman’s, II. 39. Bell’s, I. 593. Black-chinned, II. 15. Black-hooded, I. 577. Black-throated, I. 590. Brewer’s, II. 13. California Shore, I. 539. Cassin’s, II. 42. Chipping, II. 7. Clay-colored, II. 11. Field, II. 5. Fox-colored, II. 50. Golden-crowned, I. 573. Grass, I. 545. Harris’s, I. 577. Heermann’s Song, II. 24. House, I. 525. Ipswich, I. 540. Kodiak Song, II. 30. Lark, I. 562. Little Brown, II. 5. Northwest Savanna, I. 538. Oregon Song, II. 27. Rufous-crowned, II. 45. Rusty Song, II. 29. St. Lucas, I. 544. Samuel’s Song, II. 26. San Diego, I. 542. Savanna, I. 534. Song, II. 19. Swamp, II. 34. Texas, II. 47. Thick-billed, II. 57. Townsend’s, II. 53. Tree, II. 3. Western Chipping, II. 11. Western Savanna, I. 537. Western Song, II. 22. Western White-crowned, I. 569. White-crowned, I. 566. White-throated, I. 574. Starlings, II. 228. Starling, II. 229. Swallows, I. 326. Swallow, Aculeated, II. 432. Bank, I. 353. Barn, I. 339. Chimney, II. 432. Cliff, I. 334. Eave, I. 334. Rough-winged, I. 350. Violet-green, I. 347. White-bellied, I. 344. Swifts, II. 421. Swift, Black, II. 429. Oregon Chimney, II. 435. White-throated, II. 424.

Tanagers, I. 431. Tanager, Louisiana, I. 437. Scarlet, I. 435. Thistle-Bird, I. 471. Thrasher, Brown, I. 37. California, I. 45. Cape St. Lucas, I. 40. Gray Curve-Bill, I. 41. Leconte’s, I. 44. Palmer’s, I. 43. Red-vented, I. 47. Sage, I. 32. Texas, I. 39. Thrushes, I. 1. Thrush, Alice’s, I. 11. Dwarf Hermit, I. 20. Golden-crowned, I. 280. Gray-cheeked, I. 11. Hermit, I. 18. Louisiana Water, I. 287. Rocky Mountain Hermit, I. 21. Olive-backed, I. 14. Oregon, I. 16. Red-wing, I. 23. Rufous-tailed, I. 18. Small-billed Water, I. 283. Swainson’s, I. 14. Tawny, I. 9. Varied, I. 29. Wilson’s, I. 9. Wood, I. 7. Titlark, I. 171. Titmice, I. 86. Titmouse, Black-capped, I. 96. Black-fronted, I. 87. Black-tufted, I. 90. California, I. 91. Gray-tufted, I. 91. Striped-headed, I. 93. Texas, I. 90. Tufted, I. 87. Wollweber’s, I. 93. Towhees, II. 109. Towhee, Abert’s, II. 128. Brown, II. 122. Cape, II. 127. Troupial, II. 184. Turkey-Buzzard, III. 344. Turkeys, III. 402. Turkey, Mexican, III. 410. Wild, III. 404. Tyrant Flycatchers, II. 306.

Vireo, Arizona, I. 393. Bell’s, I. 389. Black-capped, I. 383. Blue-headed, I. 373. Cassin’s, I. 376. Hutton’s, I. 387. Lead-colored, I. 377. Least, I. 391. White-eyed, I. 385. Yellow-green, I. 366. Yellow-throated, I. 379. Vultures, III. 335, 338. Vulture, Black, III. 351. Red-headed, III. 344.

Wagler, I. 578. Wagtails, I. 164. Wagtail, White, I. 165. Yellow, I. 167. Warblers, I. 177. Warbler, Alaska Willow, I. 70. Arizona, I. 243. Audubon’s, I. 229. Bachman’s, I. 194. Bay-breasted, I. 251. Black and White, I. 180. Black and Yellow, I. 232. Blackburnian, I. 237. Black-masked Ground, I. 297. Black-Poll, I. 248. Black-throated Blue, I. 254. Black-throated Gray, I. 258. Black-throated Green, I. 261. Blue Mountain, I. 271. Blue-winged Yellow, I. 195. Blue Yellow-backed, I. 208. Cærulean, I. 235. Cape May, I. 212. Carbonated, I. 214. Chestnut-sided, I. 245. Connecticut, I. 290. Creeping, I. 180. Golden Swamp, I. 184. Golden-winged, I. 192. Hooded, I. 314. Kentucky, I. 293. Kirtland’s, I. 272. Lucy’s, I. 200. Macgillivray’s Ground, I. 303. Maryland Yellow-throat, I. 297. Mourning, I. 301. Myrtle, I. 227. Nashville, I. 196. Olive-headed, I. 258. Orange-crowned, I. 202. Orange-throated, I. 237. Pacific Orange-crowned, I. 204. Pine-creeping, I. 268. Prairie, I. 276. Prothonotary, I. 184. Rocky Mountain, I. 199. Swainson’s Swamp, I. 190. Tennessee, I. 205. Townsend’s, I. 265. Virginia’s, I. 199. Western, I. 266. Western Yellow-rump, I. 229. White-throated Blue, I. 235. Worm-eating Swamp, I. 187. Yellow Red-poll, I. 273. Yellow-rump, I. 227. Yellow-throated Gray, I. 240. Water Ouzel, I. 56. Waxwing, Northern, I. 396. Southern, I. 401. Wheat-Ear, I. 60. Whippoorwill, II. 413. Nuttall’s, II. 417. Whiskey-Jack, II. 299. Woodcock, Black, II. 550. Woodpecker, Black-backed Three-toed, II. 530. Brown-headed, II. 547. California, II. 566. Cape, II. 519. Downy, II. 509. Gairdner’s, II. 512. Gila, II. 558. Hairy, II. 503. Harris’s, II. 507. Ivory-billed, II. 496. Ladder-backed, II. 515. Lewis’s, II. 561. Narrow-fronted, II. 573. Nuttall’s, II. 521. Pileated, II. 550. Red-bellied, II. 554. Red-breasted, II. 544. Red-cockaded, II. 524. Red-headed, II. 564. Red-naped, II. 542. White-backed, Three-toed, II. 532. White-headed, II. 526. White-rumped, II. 564. Williamson’s, II. 545. Yellow-bellied, II. 539, 557. Yellow-shafted, II. 575. Wrens, I. 130. Wren, Alaska, I. 157. Berlandier’s, I. 144. Bewick’s, I. 145. Cactus, I. 132. Cañon, I. 139. Cape Cactus, I. 133. Great Carolina, I. 142. House, I. 149. Long-tailed House, I. 145. Parkman’s, I. 153. Rock, I. 135. Western Wood, I. 153. White-throated Rock, I. 139. Winter, I. 155. Wood, I. 149. Tit, I. 84.

Yellow-Bird, I. 471. Summer, I. 222.

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES.

Aburria, III. 397. Acanthis, I. 491. canescens, I. 498. holbölli, I. 493. Acanthylis, II. 431. pelagica, II. 432. vauxi, II. 435. Accipiter, III. 220, 222. æsalon, III. 142. ardosiacus, III. 225. carolinensis, III. 169. cauda furcata, III. 192. cooperi, III. 220, 222, 230. dominicensis, III. 167. falco freti hudsonis, III. 111. falco islandicus, III. 113. falco maculatus, III. 132. falco niger, III. 137. falco piscator antillarum, III. 184. falco piscator carolinensis, III. 184. fringillarius, III. 222. fringilloides, III. 225. fuscus, III. 224, 225. gyrfalco, III. 111. lithofalco, III. 142. mexicanus, III. 231. milvus carolinensis, III. 192. minor, III. 169. palumbarius, III. 144. pennsylvanicus, III. 225. pileatus, III. 230. piscatorius, III. 184. ruficaudus, III. 282. trinotatus, III. 220, 222. velox, III. 225. Aëtos, III. 312. Ægiothus, I. 448, 491. brewsteri, I. 493, 501. canescens, I. 493, 498. exilipes, I. 493. flavirostris, I. 493. fuscescens, I. 493. holbölli, I. 493. linarius, I. 493. rostratus, I. 493. Ægithaliscus, I. 107. melanotis, I. 108. flaviceps, I. 111, 112. Ægolius, III. 17. Æsalon, III. 107, 142. columbarius, III. 144. lithofalco, III. 142. Agelainæ, II. 147, 148. Agelaius, II. 148, 158. assimilis, II. 159. bullocki, II. 199. gubernator, II. 159, 163. icterocephalus, II. 167. longipes, II. 167. phœniceus, II. 158, 159. tricolor, II. 159, 165. xanthocephalus, II. 167. Agrodoma spraguei, I. 175. Alauda, II. 135; III. 519. agrestis, II. 136. alpestris, II. 139, 143. arvensis, II. 136. cælipeta, II. 136. chrysolæma, II. 144. cornuta, II. 143. italica, II. 136. ludoviciana, I. 171. magna, II. 171, 174. minor, II. 144. montana, II. 136. pennsylvanica, I. 171. pratensis, I. 173. rubra, I. 171. rufa, I. 164, 170, 171; II. 144. segetum, II. 136. spraguei, I. 174, 175. vulgaris, II. 136. Alaudidæ, I. 164, 431; II. 135. Alcedinidæ, II. 391. Alcedo alcyon, II. 391, 392. americana, II. 396. cabanisi, II. 396. guacu, II. 392. jaguacate, II. 392. rudis, II. 391. viridis, II. 396. Amazilia xantusi, II. 467. Ammodromus, I. 529, 556. Ammodromus bachmani, II. 39. caudacutus, I. 557. macgillivrayi, I. 560. maritimus, I. 560; III. 515. palustris, II. 34. rostratus, I. 542. ruficeps, II. 45. samuelis, II. 26. Ampelidæ, I. 3, 356, 395, 431. Ampelinæ, I. 395. Ampelis, I. 395. americana, I. 401. cedrorum, I. 396, 401. garrulus, I. 396, 401. phœnicopterurn, I. 396. sialis, I. 63. Angusticolles, II. 492. Anorthura, I. 131, 149. Antenor, III. 105. Anthinæ, I. 164, 169. Anthus, I. 149, 170. aquaticus, I. 171. bogotensis, I. 164, 170. l’herminieri, I. 284. ludovicianus, I. 170, 171, 175, 286; III. 509. pennsylvanica, I. 171. pipiens, I. 171. pratensis, I. 170, 173. reinhardti, I. 171. rubens, I. 171. rufus, I. 170. spinoletta, I. 171. spraguei, I. 175. Antrostomus, II. 399, 400, 408. Antrostomus carolinensis, II. 409, 410; III. 523. cubanensis, II. 409. macromystax, II. 409. nuttalli, II. 409, 417. vociferus, II. 409, 413. Aphelocoma, II. 282. californica, II. 288. crissoleucus, II. 529. floridana, II. 285. Apternus, II. 528. americanus, II. 532. arcticus, II. 530. hirsutus, II. 532. kamtchatkensis, II. 529. tridactylus, II. 529. Aquila, III. 105, 312. albicilla, III. 324. americana, III. 184. canadensis, III. 313, 314. chrysaëtus, III. 313. fulva, III. 314. haliætus, III. 183. leucocephala, III. 324, 326. melanaëtus, III. 314. nobilis, III. 314. ossifraga, III. 324. piscatrix, III. 184. regia, III. 314. valeria, III. 313. Archibuteo, III. 105, 297. ferrugineus, III. 298, 300. lagopus, III. 298. regalis, III. 300. sancti-johannis, III. 299, 304. Argyrtria maculata, II. 468. Asio, III. 17. brachyotus, III. 22. bubo virginianus, III. 62. crassirostris, III. 61. galopagoensis, III. 23. hypogæa, III. 25. macrorhyncha, III. 61. mexicana, III. 61. nævia, III. 49. otus, III. 17. peregrinator, III. 18. scops carolinensis, III. 49. Astragalinus mexicanus, I. 478. tristis, I. 471. Astur, III. 220, 236. atricapillus, III. 237. borealis, III. 282. cinerea, III. 245, 246. cooperi, III. 230. fuscus, III. 224, 275. hyemalis, III. 275. latissimus, III. 259. palumbarius, III. 236, 237. pennsylvanicus, III. 225, 259. plagiata, III. 245, 246. striolatus, III. 245. unicinctus, III. 249. velox, III. 225. Asturina, III. 105, 244. nitida, III. 245. Asyndesmus, II. 559. torquatus, II. 561. Athene cunicularia, III. 90. ferruginea, III. 85. gnoma, III. 81. hypogæa, III. 90. nana, III. 85. noctua, III. 97. phalænoides, III. 43. socialis, III. 90. whitneyi, III. 86, 87. wilsoni, III. 43. Attagen rupestris, III. 462. Atthis, II. 438, 439, 464. anna, II. 454. heloisæ, II. 445. Aulanax, II. 339. fuscus, II. 343. nigricans, II. 340. sayus, II. 347. Auriparus, I. 86, 111. flaviceps, I. 112.

Balbusardus, III. 182. Basileuterus belli, I. 313. culicivorus, I. 312. Bathmidurus major, II. 306. Bidens aurantius, III. 129. dominicensis, III. 166. sparverius, III. 166. Blacicus pallidus, II. 351. Blagrus, III. 320. Bæolophus, I. 86, 87. bicolor, I. 87. Bombycilla americana, I. 401. carolinensis, I. 401. cedrorum, I. 401. phœnicopterum, I. 396. Bonasa, III. 414, 446. cupido, III. 440. sabini, III. 447, 454. sylvestris, III. 446. umbelloides, III. 447, 453. umbellus, III. 446, 448. Brachyotus, III. 5, 17, 18. americanus, III. 23. cassini (plate.), III. 23, 102. galopagoensis, III. 23. palustris, III. 22. Bubo, III. 6, 60. albifrons, III. 43. arcticus, III. 60, 64. asio, III. 49. clamator, III. 61. crassirostris, III. 61. ludovicianus, III. 62. magellanicus, III. 61, 64. maximus, III. 60. mexicanus, III. 60, 61. otus, III. 17. pacificus, III. 61, 65. pinicola, III. 62. subarcticus, III. 64. virginianus (plate), III. 60, 62, 64, 65, 98, 99, 100, 101. virginianus arcticus, III. 64. virginianus atlanticus, III. 62. virginianus pacificus, III. 64, 65. Budytes, I. 164, 167. flava, I. 167, 168. Butaëtes, III. 297. lagopus, III. 299. sancti-johannis, III. 304. Butaquila, III. 297. strophiata, III. 297. Buteo, III. 105, 254. albicaudatus, III. 266. albonotatus, III. 272. americanus, III. 282. ater, III. 304. bairdi, III. 263. borealis, III. 257, 281, 282. calurus, III. 258, 292. cenchris, III. 203. cinereus, III. 263. cooperi, III. 258, 275, 295. costaricensis, III. 285. elegans, III. 257, 277. ferrugineocaudus, III. 282. fuliginosus, III. 266. fulvus, III. 282. fuscus, III. 275. gallinivorus, III. 282. galapagoensis, III. 254. gutturalis, III. 263. hamatus, III. 209. harlani, III. 258, 292. harrisi, III. 250. hyemalis, III. 275. insignatus, III. 263. krideri, III. 258, 284. lagopus, III. 299, 304. leverianus, III. 282. lineatus, III. 257, 275. lucasanus, III. 285. montanus, III. 263. niger, III. 304. oxypterus, III. 256, 266. pennsylvanicus, III. 256, 259. sancti-johannis, III. 304. spadiceus, III. 304. swainsoni, III. 256, 263. unicinctus, III. 249, 250. vulgaris, III. 263. zonocercus, III. 257, 272.

Cacicus alaudarius, II. 174. Cæreba cyanea, I. 425. Cærebidæ, I. 163, 425, 431. Calamospiza, II. 59, 60. bicolor, II. 61. Calandritinæ, II. 135. Callichelidon, I. 327, 338. cyaneoviridis, I. 338. Callipepla, III. 466, 487. californica, III. 479. gambeli, III. 482. picta, III. 475. squamata, III. 487. strenua, III. 487. venusta, III. 482. Calliphlox anna, II. 454. Calocitta, II. 264. Calothorax calliope, II. 445. cyanopogon, II. 445. Calypte, II. 438, 439, 453. anna, II. 453, 454. costæ, II. 453, 457. floresi, II. 453. helenæ, II. 453. Campephilus, II. 493, 494. bairdi, II. 496. imperialis, II. 496. principalis, II. 494, 496. Campylorhynchus, I. 130, 131. affinis, I. 131, 133. brunneicapillus, I. 131, 132; III. 508. scolopaceus, I. 131. Canace, III. 415. canadensis, III. 416. franklini, III. 419. fuliginosus, III. 421, 425. obscurus, III. 421, 422. richardsoni, III. 422, 427. Caprimulgidæ, II. 398. Caprimulginæ, II. 398. Caprimulgus albicollis, II. 399. acutipennis, II. 400. acutus, II. 400. americanus, II. 401. brachypterus, II. 410. carolinensis, II. 408, 410. clamator, II. 413. exilis, II. 400. macromystax, II. 409. nuttalli, II. 417. popetue, II. 401. pruinosus, II. 400. rufus, II. 410. semitorquatus, II. 400. texensis, II. 406. virginianus, II. 400, 401, 413. vociferans, II. 413. vociferus, II. 413. Caracara, III. 176. vulgaris, III. 177. Cardellina, I. 179, 312. rubra, I. 312. Cardellineæ, I. 179. Cardinalis, II. 60, 99. carneus, II. 99. coccineus, II. 99. igneus, II. 99, 103; III. 518. phœniceus, II. 99. sinuatus, II. 95. virginianus, I. 295; II. 99–101. Carduelis lawrenci, I. 478. luxuosus, II. 86. mexicanus, I. 478. spinoides, I. 470. psaltria, I. 474. tristis, I. 471. Carpodacus, I. 447, 459. californicus, I. 460, 465. cassini, I. 459, 460. familiaris, I. 466, 468. frontalis, I. 460, 465, 466. hæmorrhous, I. 460. obscurus, I. 466. purpureus, I. 459, 462. rhodocolpus, I. 460, 468. Catharista, III. 337, 350. atrata, III. 355, 356. californianus, III. 338. Cathartes, III. 337, 339, 343, 350. atratus, III. 351. aura, III. 344. burrovianus, III. 344. californianus, III. 338. falklandicus, III. 345. fœtens, III. 351. iota, III. 345, 351. ruficollis, III. 345. urubu, III. 351. vulturinus, III. 338. Cathartidæ, III. 1, 335. Cathartinæ, III. 335. Catharus melpomene, I. 3. occidentalis, I. 3. Catherpes, I. 130, 137. conspersus, I. 139; III. 508. mexicanus, I. 137–139. Centrocercus, III. 414, 428. phasianellus, III. 436. urophasianus, III. 429. Centrophanes, I. 510. calcaratus, I. 515. lapponicus, I. 515. ornatus, I. 520. Centronyx, I. 529, 530. bairdi, I. 531, 540; III. 514. Centureæ, II. 492, 553. Centurus, II. 553. aurifrons, II. 554, 557. carolinus, II. 553, 554. carolinensis, II. 587. elegans, II. 557. flaviventris, II. 557. hoffmanni, II. 554. hypopolius, II. 558. santacruzi, II. 557. subelegans, II. 554. sulfureiventer, II. 558. tricolor, II. 554. uropygialis, II. 554, 558; III. 523. Ceophloeus pileatus, II. 550. Cerchneis sparverius, III. 169. Certhia, I. 124. americana, I. 125, 128. caroliniana, I. 142. costæ, I. 124, 125. familiaris, I. 124, 125. flaveola, I. 425, 428. fusca, I. 125. maculata, I. 180. mexicana, I. 125, 128. palustris, I. 158, 161. pinus, I. 195. Certhiadæ, I. 124. Certhiidæ, I. 431. Certhiola, I. 425. bahamensis, I. 427, 428. bairdi, I. 428. bananivora, I. 427. barbadensis, I. 428; III. 512. bartholemica, I. 428. caboti, I. 427; III. 512. chloropyga, I. 428. dominicana, I. 428. flaveola, I. 427, 428. frontalis, I. 428; III. 512. luteola, I. 427. major, I. 427. maritima, I. 212. martinicana, I. 428. mexicana, I. 428. minor, I. 427. newtoni, I. 427; III. 512. peruviana, I. 428. portoricensis, I. 427. Ceryle, II. 391. alcyon, II. 392. americana, II. 396. cabanisi, II. 396. Chætura, II. 422, 427, 431. cinereiventris, II. 431. pelagica, II. 431, 432. pelasgia, II. 432. poliura, II. 431. sclateri, II. 431. spinicauda, II. 432. vauxi, II. 431, 435; III. 523. Chæturinæ, II. 422, 427. Chalcophanes macrurus, II. 225. major, II. 222. quiscalus, II. 215. virescens, II. 203. Chamæa, I. 83. fasciata, I. 83, 84; III. 507. Chamæadæ, I. 83. Chamæpelia, III. 375, 389. albivitta, III. 389. granatina, III. 389. pallescens, III. 389. passerina, III. 389. Chamæpelieæ, III. 375. Chamæpetes, III. 397. Chelidon thalassina, I. 347. Chloris, I. 207. Chloroceryle, II. 391. Chlorœnas fasciata, III. 360. flavirostris, III. 366. monilis, III. 360. Chondestes, I. 529, 562. grammaca, I. 562. strigatus, I. 562. Chordeiles, II. 399, 400. acutipennis, II. 400, 406. brasilianus, II. 406. henryi, II. 400, 404. labeculatus, II. 400. minor, II. 400; III. 523. peruvianus, II. 400. popetue, II. 400, 401. saptii, II. 406. texensis, II. 400, 406; III. 523. virginianus, II. 401. Chrysomitris, I. 447, 470. arizonæ, I. 471, 476; III. 513. columbiana, I. 471. lawrenci, I. 471, 478. macroptera, I. 480. mexicana, I. 471, 476, 478. notata, I. 471. pinus, I. 471, 480. psaltria, 470, 474; III. 513. tristis, I. 470, 471. Ciccaba, III. 28. Cichlopsis nitens, I. 405. Cinclidæ, I. 1, 2, 55. Cinclus, I. 55. americanus, I. 56. aquaticus, I. 58. ardesiacus, I. 56. mexicanus, I. 55, 56. mortoni, I. 56. pallasi, I. 56. townsendi, I. 56. unicolor, I. 56. Circus, III. 104, 212. axillaris, III. 197. campestris, III. 214. cinereus, III. 214. cyaneus, III. 213. cyaneus hudsonius, III. 214. frenatus, III. 214. histrionicus, III. 214. hudsonius, III. 214. hyemalis, III. 275. jardini, III. 212. macropterus, III. 212. pygargus, III. 213. uliginosus, III. 214. Cistothorus, I. 131, 158. elegans, I. 159. paludicola, I. 161. palustris, I. 160, 161. stellaris, I. 159, 162; III. 509. Cladoscopus, II. 535. nuchalis, II. 542. ruber, II. 544. varius, II. 539. Cleptes, II. 264. hudsonicus, II. 266. nuttalli, II. 270. Coccoborus, II. 76. cæruleus, II. 77. ludovicianus, II. 70. melanocephalus, II. 73. Coccothraustes abeillii, I. 449. canadensis, I. 453. cardinalis, II. 100. ludoviciana, II. 70. melanocephala, II. 73. rubricollis, II. 70. vespertina, I. 449. virginiana, II. 100. vulgaris, I. 448. Coccothraustinæ, I. 446. Coccyginæ, II. 470. Coccygus, II. 470, 475. americanus, II. 476, 477. bairdi, II. 477. dominicus, II. 472, 477, 484. erythrophthalmus, II. 477, 484. julieni, II. 477. melanocoryphus, II. 476. minor, II. 476, 482. pyrrhopterus, II. 477. seniculus, II. 482. Colaptes, II. 492, 573. auratus, II. 575. ayresii, II. 582. chrysocaulosus, II. 575. chrysoides, II. 575, 583. collaris, II. 578. hybridus, II. 582. mexicanoides, II. 574. mexicanus, II. 574, 578, 582. rubricatus, II. 574, 578. Collocallia, II. 422. Collurio, I. 412. borealis, I. 413–415. elegans, I. 414, 420. excubitor, I. 412, 414. excubitoroides, I. 413, 415, 421. ludovicianus, I. 413, 414, 418. robustus, I. 413, 420; III. 512. Columba, III. 357, 358. albilinea, III. 359. americana, III. 368. araucana, III. 359. canadensis, III. 368. caribœa, III. 359. carolinensis, III. 381, 383. corensis, III. 360. cyanocephala, III. 394, 395. denisea, III. 359. fasciata, III. 358, 360. flavirostris, III. 360, 366. griseola, III. 389. hoilotl, III. 376. inornata, III. 360, 366. leucocephala, III. 359, 364. leucoptera, III. 376. livia, III. 358. marginata, III. 383. martinica, III. 392. meridionalis, III. 359. migratoria, III. 367, 368. monilis, III. 360. montana, III. 393. mystacea, III. 393. passerina, III. 389. rufina, III. 359, 360. solitaria, III. 366. squamosa, III. 387. trudeaui, III. 376. zenaida, III. 378. Columbidæ, III. 357. Columbigallina montana, III. 393. Columbinæ, III. 357. Compsothlypis, I. 207. americanus, I. 208. gutturalis, I. 208. Conirostrum ornatum, I. 112. superciliosum, I. 208. Contopus, II. 308, 350. bahamensis, II. 352. bogotensis, II. 360. borealis, II. 350, 353, 356. brachytarsus, II. 351. caribæus, II. 351. cooperi, II. 353. hispaniolensis, II. 351. lugubris, II. 351. mesoleucus, II. 353. ochraceus, II. 352. pallidus, II. 351. pertinax, II. 351, 356. plebeius, II. 360. punensis, II. 352. richardsoni, II. 352, 360. schotti, II. 351. sordidulus, II. 360. virens, I. 249; II. 352, 356, 357. Conurus, II. 585, 586. carolinensis, II. 587. ludovicianus, II. 587. Cooperastur, III. 220, 222. Coracias, II. 264. mexicanus, II. 299. Coræognathæ, I. 431. Coragypys, III. 350. Corthylio, I. 72. calendula, I. 75. Corveæ, II. 231. Corvidæ, I. 431; II. 231. Corvinæ, II. 231. Corvus, II. 231, 232. americanus, II. 243–247. cacalotl, II. 234. canadensis, II. 297, 299. carnivorus, II. 233, 234. caurinus, II. 233, 248. columbianus, II. 254, 255. corax, II. 232. corone, II. 243. cristatus, II. 271, 273. cryptoleucus, II. 233, 242; III. 520. floridanus, II. 233, 247, 285. hudsonicus, II. 266. jamaicensis, II. 234. leucognaphalus, II. 234. littoralis, II. 234. lugubris, II. 234. megonyx, II. 255. mexicanus, II. 233. minutus, II. 234. nasicus, II. 234. ossifragus, II. 233, 251. palliatus, II. 288. peruvianus, II. 294. pica, II. 264–266. stelleri, II. 277. ultramarinus, II. 288. Corydalina, II. 60. bicolor, II. 61. Corythus, I. 452. canadensis, I. 453. enucleator, I. 453. Coturniculus, I. 529, 548. bairdi, I. 531. dorsalis, I. 549. henslowi, I. 549, 550. lecontei, I. 549, 552. manimbe, I. 549. mexicanus, II. 38. passerinus, I. 195, 549, 553. perpallidus, I. 549, 556; III. 515. tixicrus, I. 553. Cotyle, I. 327, 353. riparia, I. 347, 353. Cracidæ, III. 397. Cracinæ, III. 397. Craxirex, III. 248, 254. unicinctus, III. 250. Crotophaga, II. 470, 486. ani, II. 486–488. lævirostra, II. 488. major, II. 487. minor, II. 488. rugirostra, II. 488. sulcirostris, II. 487. Crucirostra leucoptera, I. 488. Cuculidæ, II. 469, 470. Cuculus americanus, II. 475, 477. auratus, II. 573, 575. carolinensis, II. 477. cinerosus, II. 477. dominicensis, II. 477. dominicus, II. 477. erythrophthalmus, II. 484. minor, II. 482. seniculus, II. 482. Culicivora atricapilla, I. 81. cœrulea, I. 78. mexicana, I. 78, 81. townsendi, I. 409. Cuncuma, III. 320. Cupidonia, III. 414, 439. americana, III. 440. cupido, III. 440. pallidicinctus, III. 440, 446. Cureus americanus, II. 477. Curvirostra, I. 448. americana, I. 484. leucoptera, I. 488. Cyanocephalus, II. 259. Cyanocitta, II. 264, 271, 282. arizonæ, II. 284, 292. californica, II. 283, 288; III. 521. couchi, II. 284, 293. cristata, II. 273. floridana, II. 283, 285. macrolopha, II. 281. sordida, II. 284, 292. stelleri, II. 277. sumichrasti, II. 283. superciliosa, II. 288. ultramarina, II. 284. unicolor, II. 284. woodhousei, II. 283, 291. Cyanocorax californicus, II. 288. cassini, II. 260. cristatus, II. 273. cyanicapillus, II. 295. floridanus, II. 285. luxuosus, II. 295. stelleri, II. 277. unicolor, II. 284. yncas, II. 295. Cyanogarrulus cristatus, II. 273. stelleri, II. 277. ultramarinus, II. 293. Cyanoloxia cærulea, II. 77. Cyanospiza, II. 59, 81. amœna, II. 81, 84. ciris, II. 81, 87. cyanea, II. 81, 82. leclancheri, II. 82. versicolor, II. 81, 86. Cyanura, II. 264, 271; III. 521. coronata, II. 272. cristata, II. 271, 273. diademata, II. 272. frontalis, II. 272, 279. galeata, II. 272. macrolopha, II. 272, 281. stelleri, II. 272, 277. Cyanurus cristatus, II. 273. floridanus, II. 285. stelleri, II. 277. Cymindis cinerea, III. 245. leucopygus, III. 208. Cypselidæ, I. 326; II. 421. Cypselinæ, II. 422, 423. Cypseloides, II. 422. Cypselus, II. 422. borealis, II. 429. melanoleucus, II. 424. niger, II. 429. pelasgius, II. 432. poliurus, II. 431. spinicauda, II. 431. spinicaudus, II. 432. vauxi, II. 435. Cyrtonyx, III. 466, 491. massena, III. 492. ocellatus, III. 492.

Dædalion, III. 220, 236. nitidum, III. 245. Dædalium, III. 220, 236. Dendragapus, III. 421. obscurus, III. 422. richardsoni, III. 427. Dendrochelidon, II. 422. Dendrocopus principalis, II. 496. pubescens, II. 509. varius, II. 539. villosus, II. 503. Dendrofalco, III. 142. Dendroica, I. 178, 215. adelaidæ, I. 220, 241. æstiva, I. 70, 200, 215, 216, 222, 234, 237, 246, 277, 318, 324, 325. albilora, I. 220, 241; III. 510. atricapilla, I. 248. auduboni, I. 215, 219, 229, 260, 272; III. 509. aureola, I. 217. blackburniæ, I. 220, 237; III. 510. bryanti, I. 218, 223; III. 509. cœrulea, I. 219, 235; III. 510. cærulescens, I. 218, 254, 267. canadensis, I. 254. capitalis, I. 217. carbonata, I. 214. castanea, I. 215, 219, 248, 251, 271, 313; III. 510. chrysopareia, I. 221, 260, 262, 266, 268. coronata, I. 215, 219, 227, 230, 231, 254, 260, 272. decora, I. 220, 244; III. 510. discolor, I. 222, 276. dominica, I. 215, 220, 240, 241; III. 510. eoa, I. 218. graciæ, I. 220, 241, 243, 244, 260. gundlachi, I. 216. kirtlandi, I. 215, 221, 272. maculosa, I. 219, 232, 257. montana, I. 222, 271. nigrescens, I. 221, 258; III. 511. niveiventris, I. 266. occidentalis, I. 221, 261, 262, 266, 268; III. 511. olivacea, I. 218, 258. palmarum, I. 215, 222, 269, 273. pennsylvanica, I. 215, 219, 245. petechia, I. 216, 217. pharetra, I. 220. pinus, I. 222, 268, 271, 274. pityophila, I. 221. ruficapilla, I. 217. ruficeps, I. 217. rufigula, I. 217. striata, I. 215, 219, 248. superciliosa, I. 240. tigrina, I. 212. townsendi, I. 221, 261, 262, 265; III. 511. vieilloti, I. 217. virens, I. 221, 239, 261, 262. Despotes tyrannus, II. 309. Diplopterus viaticus, II. 472. Dolichonyx, II. 148. agripennis, II. 149. bicolor, II. 61. oryzivorus, II. 149; III. 519. Dryobates, II. 500, 502. harrisi, II. 507. homorus, II. 512. leucomelas, II. 503. pubescens, II. 509. turati, II. 512. villosus, II. 503. Dryocopus pileatus, II. 550. principalis, II. 496. Dryopicus, II. 548. pileatus, II. 550. Dryotomus, II. 548. pileatus, II. 550. principalis, II. 496. Dyctiopicus, II. 501, 514. scalaris, II. 515. Dyctiopipo, II. 514. scalaris, II. 515. Dysornithia, II. 297. canadensis, II. 299.

Ectopistes, III. 357, 367. carolinensis, III. 383. marginata, III. 383. marginellus, III. 383. migratoria, III. 368. Elanoides, III. 190. cæsius, III. 197. furcatus, III. 192. yetapa, III. 192. Elanus, III. 104, 196. axillaris, III. 197. cæsius, III. 197. cœruleus, III. 197. dispar, III. 198. furcatus, III. 192. leucurus, III. 197, 198. minor, III. 197. notatus, III. 197. scriptus, III. 197. Emberiza americana, II. 65. amœna, II. 84. arctica, I. 538. atricapilla, I. 573. bairdi, I. 530, 531. belli, I. 593. bilineata, I. 590. cærulea, II. 82. canadensis, II. 3. chrysops, I. 538. cinerea, II. 30. ciris, II. 87. coronata, I. 573. cyanea, II. 82. cyanella, II. 82. erythrophthalma, II. 109. glacialis, I. 512. grammaca, I. 562. henslowi, I. 550. hyemalis, I. 578, 580. lapponica, I. 510, 515. lateralis, II. 106. lecontei, I. 552. leucophrys, I. 565, 566. mexicana, II. 65. montana, I. 512. mustelina, I. 512. nigro-rufa, I. 589. nivalis, I. 510, 512. olivacea, II. 93. ornata, I. 520. oryzivora, II. 148, 149. pallida, II. 11, 13. passerina, I. 553. pecoris, II. 154. picta, I. 518. pratensis, II. 50. pusilla, II. 5. rostrata, I. 542. rufina, II. 29, 53. sandwichensis, I. 538. savanna, I. 534. shattucki, II. 11. townsendi, II. 68. unalaschkensis, II. 53. Embernagra, I. 530; II. 46. blandingiana, II. 131. chlorura, II. 131. rufivirgata, II. 47. Empidias fuscus, II. 344. Empidonax, II. 308, 362. albigularis, II. 365. acadicus, II. 365, 374. axillaris, II. 363, 365. bahamensis, II. 352. bairdi, II. 363. brachytarsus, II. 351. brunneus, II. 363; III. 521. difficilis, II. 364, 378, 380. flavescens, II. 363. flavipectus, II. 364. flaviventris, II. 363, 378. fulvifrons, II. 385. griseigularis, II. 365. griseipectus, II. 365. hammondi, II. 364, 383. hypoxanthus, II. 378. magnirostris, II. 365. minimus, II. 364, 372; III. 521. obscurus, II. 364, 381; III. 521. pectoralis, II. 364. pusillus, II. 365, 366. rubicundus, II. 385. trailli, II. 365, 366, 369. wrighti, II. 381. Ephialitis, III. 47. Ephialtes asio, III. 49. choliba, III. 52. Eremophila, II. 135, 139. alpestris, II. 140, 141. chrysolæma, II. 140, 144. cornuta, II. 143. occidentalis, II. 140. peregrina, II. 142, 144. Ergaticus, I. 179, 312. Erythraca arctica, I. 67. wilsoni, I. 63. Erythrophrys, II. 475. americanus, II. 477. erythrophthalmus, II. 484. seniculus, II. 482. Erythrospiza, I. 459; III. 220, 222. frontalis, I. 466. purpurea, I. 462. tephrocotis, I. 504. Euhierax, III. 127. Euspina, II. 65. americana, II. 65; III. 518. Euspiza, II. 59, 65. americana, II. 65. townsendi, II. 65, 69. Eustrinx, II. 10. Euthlypis, I. 312. canadensis, I. 320. Eutolmaëtus, III. 312.

Falco, III. 103, 106, 107, 127. æruginosus, III. 212. æsalon, III. 142, 148. albicaudus, III. 324. albicilla, III. 320. albicilla borealis, III. 324. albigularis, III. 130. americanus, III. 184. anatum, III. 128, 132. aquilinus, III. 282. arundinaceus, III. 183. atricapillus, III. 237. auduboni, III. 144. aurantius, III. 129. axillaris, III. 197. bonelli, III. 312. borealis, III. 254, 282. brasiliensis, III. 176, 177. buffoni, III. 214. buteo, III. 254, 263. buteo, β, III. 111. buteoides, III. 275. cæsius, III. 143. canadensis, III. 314. candicans, III. 108, 111, 112. candicans islandicus, III. 113. candidus, III. 327. carolinensis, III. 184. cassini, III. 132. cayennensis, III. 184. cenchris, III. 159. chrysætos, III. 312. chrysaëtus, III. 313. cineraceus, III. 212. cinereus, III. 115. cinnamominus, III. 168. clamosus, III. 197. cœruleus, III. 197. columbarius, III. 143, 144, 225. communis, III. 127, 128, 132. communis, ζ, η, III. 132. cooperi, III. 230. cucullatus, III. 130. cyanescens, III. 155. cyaneus, III. 212, 214. deiroleucus, III. 129. dispar, III. 198. dominicensis, III. 167. dubius, III. 225. emerillus, III. 143. feldeggii, III. 109. femoralis, III. 154, 155. ferrugineus, III. 300. forficatus, III. 190, 192. frontalis, III. 127. fulvus, III. 314. furcatus, III. 190, 192. fuscocœrulescens, III. 155. fuscus, III. 224. gabar, III. 220, 222. gracilis, III. 166. grœnlandicus, III. 111. gyrfalco, III. 107, 108, 113. gyrfalco norvegicus, III. 108. haliætus, III. 182, 183. hamatus, III. 207, 209. harlani, III. 292. harrisi, III. 248, 250. hinularius, III. 324. hæmorrhoidalis, III. 130. hudsonius, III. 214. hyemalis, III. 275. icthyaëtus, III. 320. imperator, III. 322. intermixtus, III. 142, 144. isabellinus, III. 171. islandicus, III. 108, 111, 113, 114. jugger, III. 107, 109. labradora, III. 108, 117. lagopus, III. 111, 297, 299, 304. lanarius, III. 108, 109, 113. latissimus, III. 259. leucocephalus, III. 326. leucogaster, III. 327. leucophrys, III. 161. leucopterus, III. 322. leverianus, III. 282. lineatus, III. 275. lithofalco, III. 142. lugger, III. 109. macei, III. 320. macropus, III. 129. melanaëtus, III. 314. melanogenys, III. 129. melanopterus, III. 196–198. melanotus, III. 324. mexicanus, III. 109, 123. mississippiensis, III. 202, 203. nævius, III. 132. niger, III. 137, 304, 314. nigriceps, III. 132. nisus, III. 220, 222. nitidus, III. 244, 245. novæhollandiæ, III. 220, 236. obscurus, III. 144. obsoletus, III. 263. orientalis, III. 128, 132. ossifragus, III. 324, 327. palumbarius, III. 220, 236, 237. pealei, III. 129, 137. pelagicus, III. 320, 322. pennatus, III. 312. pennsylvanicus, III. 225, 259. peregrinus, III. 127, 128, 132. plancus, III. 177. plumbea, III. 202. plumbeus, III. 203. polyagrus, III. 109, 110, 123, 137. pterocles, III. 254. pygargus, III. 213, 324, 327. regulus, III. 142. richardsoni, III. 148. rostrhamus, III. 208. rufigularis, III. 129, 130. rusticolus, III. 111. sacer, III. 108, 110, 115. sancti-johannis, III. 304. sibiricus, III. 143. spadicens, III. 214. spadiceus, III. 304. sparverius, III. 159, 166, 169. subæsalon, III. 143. subbuteo, III. 142. sublanarius, III. 109. suckleyi, III. 143, 147. temerarius, III. 144. tharus, III. 177. thermophilus, III. 109. thoracicus, III. 130, 155. tinnunculus, III. 159. tinus, III. 220, 222. uliginosus, III. 214. unicinctus, III. 249. velox, III. 225. vulturinus, III. 312. wilsoni, III. 259. Falconidæ, III. 1, 103. Falconinæ, III. 103, 106. Ficedula canadensis cinerea, I. 227. dominica cinerea, I. 240. jamaicensis, I. 283. ludoviciana, I. 208. Fringilla æstiva, II. 39. æstivalis, II. 37, 39. albicollis, I. 574. ambigua, II. 154. americana, II. 65. amœna, II. 84. arborea, II. 3. arctica, II. 116. atrata, I. 585. atricapilla, I. 573. aurocapilla, I. 573. bachmani, II. 39. bicolor, II. 60, 61, 93. blandingiana, II. 131. borealis, I. 498. brunneinucha, I. 504. cærulea, II. 77. calcarata, I. 515. canadensis, II. 1, 3. cardinalis, II. 100. catatol, I. 478. caudacuta, I. 553, 557. chlorura, II. 131. cinerea, I. 578; II. 27, 30. comata, I. 577. crissalis, II. 122. cyanea, II. 82. domestica, I. 525. erythrophthalma, II. 104, 109. fasciata, II. 19. ferruginea, II. 50. flavicollis, II. 65. frontalis, I. 465, 466. gambeli, I. 569. georgiana, II. 34. graminea, I. 544, 545. grammaca, I. 562. griseinucha, I. 508. henslowi, I. 550. hudsonia, I. 580, 585. hyemalis, I. 534, 580; II. 19. hypoleuca, II. 90. iliaca, II. 49, 50. juncorum, II. 5, 580. lapponica, I. 515. leucophrys, I. 566. linaria, I. 493, 501. lincolni, II. 31. littoralis, I. 557. ludoviciana, II. 70. macgillivrayi, I. 560. mariposa, II. 87. maritima, I. 560. melanocephala, II. 73. melanoxantha, I. 478. melodia, II. 16, 19. meruloides, II. 53. monticola, II. 3. nivalis, I. 580. oregona, I. 584. palustris, II. 34. passerina, I. 548, 553. pecoris, II. 153, 154. pennsylvanica, I. 574. pinus, I. 480. psaltria, I. 474. purpurea, I. 459, 462. pusilla, II. 5. querula, I. 577. rufa, II. 50. rufescens, I. 501. rufidorsis, I. 580. savanna, I. 532, 534. savanarum, I. 553. socialis, II. 1, 7. spinus, I. 470. tephrocotis, I. 504. texensis, I. 478. tristis, I. 470, 471. townsendi, II. 53. xantomaschalis, II. 73. vespertina, I. 448, 449. zena, II. 93. Fringillidæ, I. 431, 446; II. 1.

Galeoscoptes, I. 3, 51. carolinensis, I. 52. Gallopavo sylvestris, III. 404. Garrulinæ, II. 231, 263. Garrulus cærulescens, II. 285. californicus, II. 282, 288. canadensis, II. 299. cristatus, II. 273. cyaneus, II. 285. floridanus, II. 285. fuscus, II. 299. luxuosus, II. 295. sordidus, II. 284. stelleri, II. 277, 281. trachyrrhynchus, II. 299. ultramarinus, II. 288, 293. Gennaia, III. 107. lanarius, III. 109. Geococcyx, II. 470. affinis, II. 471. californianus, II. 471, 472; III. 523. mexicanus, II. 472. variegata, II. 472. velox, II. 471. viaticus, II. 472. Geophilus cyanocephalus, III. 395. Geopicus, II. 573. campestris, II. 573. chrysoides, II. 583. rubricatus, II. 574. Geothlypeæ, I. 179, 295. Geothlypinæ, I. 178, 279. Geothlypis, I. 179, 295; III. 511. æquinoctialis, I. 296. caninucha, I. 296. macgillivrayi, I. 297, 303; III. 512. melanops, I. 296, 298. philadelphia, I. 296, 297, 301, 303. poliocephala, I. 296. rostratus, I. 296. semiflavus, I. 296. speciosa, I. 296. trichas, I. 296–298; III. 512. velatus, I. 296. Geotrygon, III. 375. martinica, III. 393. Glabirostres, II. 399. Glaucidium, III. 6, 79. californicum, III. 81, 83. ferrugineum (plate), III. 81, 85, 98–101. gnoma, III. 81. infuscatum, III. 81. passerinum, III. 80. siju, III. 79. Glaucopteryx, III. 212. Goniaphea, II. 69. cærulea, II. 77. ludoviciana, II. 70. melanocephala, II. 73. Gracula barita, II. 215, 222. ferruginea, II. 203. purpurea, II. 215. quiscala, II. 212, 215, 222. Granatellus, I. 179. venustus, I. 306. Gryphinæ, III. 335. Guiraca, II. 59, 76. abeillii, I. 449. cærulea, II. 77; III. 518. ludoviciana, II. 70. melanocephala, II. 73. tricolor, II. 73. Gymnokitta, II. 232, 259. cyanocephala, II. 259, 260. Gymnorhinus, II. 259. cyanocephalus, II. 260. Gypagus, III. 337. Gyparchus, III. 337. Gypogeranidæ, III. 2.

Hadrostomus affinis, II. 306. aglaiæ, II. 306. Hæmorrhous, I. 459. purpurea, I. 462. Haliaëtus, III. 105, 320. albicilla, III. 320, 323, 324. icthyaëtus, III. 320. leucocephalus, III. 323, 326. leucogaster, III. 320. nisus, III. 324. pelagicus, II. 323. vocifer, III. 320. washingtoni, III. 327. Harpes redivivus, I. 35, 45. Harporhynchus, I. 3, 35. cinereus, I. 35, 36, 40. crissalis, I. 35, 37, 40, 47; III. 505. curvirostris, I. 35, 36, 41; III. 505. lecontei, I. 44, 47. longirostris, I. 39, 41, 144. ocellatus, I. 35, 36; III. 504. palmeri, I. 43; III. 505. redivivus, I. 35, 37, 40, 45, 48; III. 505. rufus, I. 33–37, 40, 46, 58; III. 505. Hedymeles, II. 59, 69. capitalis, II. 70. ludovicianus, II. 70. melanocephalus, II. 70, 73. Heleothreptus, II. 399. Heliaptex arcticus, III. 64. Helinaia, I. 178, 186. bachmani, I. 194. carbonata, I. 211, 214. celata, I. 202. chrysoptera, I. 192. peregrina, I. 205. protonotaria, I. 184. rubricapilla, I. 196. solitaria, I. 195. swainsoni, I. 190. vermivora, I. 187. Heliopædica, II. 438, 440, 466. castaneocauda, II. 467. melanotis, II. 466. xantusi, II. 466, 467. Helminthophaga, I. 178, 191. bachmanni, I. 191, 194. celata, I. 192, 200, 202, 204, 205, 317. chrysoptera, I. 191, 192. citrea, I. 184. gutturalis, I. 191. luciæ, I. 192, 200; III. 509. lutescens, I. 192, 204; III. 509. obscura, I. 192. ocularis, I. 191. peregrina, I. 191, 192, 205. pinus, I. 191, 195. rubricapilla, I. 191, 196, 199, 201, 203, 206, 310. solitaria, I. 195. virginiæ, I. 192, 199; III. 509. Helmitherus, I. 178, 186. bachmani, I. 194. chrysopterus, I. 192. migratorius, I. 187. peregrinus, I. 205. protonotarius, I. 184. rubricapilla, I. 196. solitarius, I. 195. swainsoni, I. 186, 187, 190; III. 509. vermivorus, I. 186, 187; III. 509. Hemiaëtus, III. 297. Hemiprocne, II. 427. pelasgia, II. 432. Henicocichla, I. 279. aurocapilla, I. 280. ludoviciana, I. 287. major, I. 287. motacilla, I. 287. noveboracensis, I. 283. Herpetotheres sociabilis, III. 208. Hesperiphona, I. 447, 448. abeillii, I. 449. montana, I. 449; III. 513. vespertina, I. 449. Hesperocichla, I. 3, 4, 28. Hieracospiza, III. 220, 222. Hieraëtus, III. 312. Hieraspiza, III. 220, 222. Hieroaëtus, III. 312. Hierofalco, III. 107. candicans, III. 111. gyrfalco, III. 108. grœnlandicus, III. 111. islandicus, III. 113. Hirundinidæ, I. 326, 431. Hirundo, I. 327, 338. americana, I. 339. dominicensis, II. 429. bicolor, I. 185, 331, 344. cærulea canadensis, I. 329. cayanensis, II. 423. cinerea, I. 353. cyaneoviridis, I. 327. fulva, I. 334. horreorum, I. 339. leucogaster, I. 344. ludoviciana, I. 329. lunifrons, I. 66, 334. melanogaster, I. 334. nigra, II. 428, 429. opifex, I. 334. pelagica, II. 432. pelasgia, II. 432. purpurea, I. 327, 329, 332. respublicana, I. 334. riparia, I. 353. riparia americana, I. 353. rufa, I. 339. rustica, I. 339. serripennis, I. 350. subis, I. 329. thalassina, I. 344, 347. versicolor, I. 329. violacea, I. 329. viridis, I. 344. Holoquiscalus, II. 213. Hybris, III. 10. Hydrobata, I. 55. mexicana, I. 56. Hydropsalis, II. 399. Hylemathrous ædon, I. 149. Hylocichla, I. 4, 22, 28. Hylotomus, II. 494, 548. pileatus, II. 550. Hypacanthus, I. 470. Hyphantes abeillei, II. 184. baltimore, II. 195. bullocki, II. 199. solitaria, II. 190. Hypomorphnus unicinctus, III. 249. Hypotriorchis, III. 142. æsalon, III. 142. aurantius, III. 129. columbarius, III. 144. femoralis, III. 155.

Icteria, I. 179, 306. auricollis, I. 309. dumecola, I. 307. longicauda, I. 307, 309, 310. velasquezi, I. 307. virens, I. 307. viridis, I. 307. Icterianæ, I. 178, 179, 306. Icteridæ, I. 431; II. 147. Icterieæ, I. 179, 306. Icterinæ, II. 147, 179. Icterus, II. 179. abeillei, II. 184. agripennis, II. 149. auduboni, II. 182, 186. auricapillus, II. 183. baltimore, II. 183, 195; III. 520. bullocki, II. 183, 199; III. 520. cucullatus, II. 183, 193; III. 519. dominicensis, II. 182. emberizoides, II. 154. frenatus, II. 167. graduacauda, II. 186. gubernator, II. 163. hypomelas, II. 182. icterocephalus, II. 167. melanocephalus, II. 182. melanochrysura, II. 188. parisorum, II. 183, 188. pecoris, II. 154. perspicillatus, II. 167. phœniceus, II. 159. portoricensis, II. 182. prosthemelas, II. 182. scotti, II. 188. spurius, II. 183, 190. tricolor, II. 165. vulgaris, II. 181, 184. wagleri, II. 182, 188. xanthocephalus, II. 167. Icthierax, III. 127. Icthyætus, III. 320. Ictinia, III. 104, 202. mississippiensis, III. 203. plumbea, III. 203. Idiotes, I. 312. Ispida, II. 391. ludoviciana, II. 392.

Jerafalco, III. 107. Jeraspiza, III. 220, 222. Jerax, III. 220, 222. Junco, I. 530, 578; III. 516. aikeni, I. 579, 584; III. 516. alticola, I. 580, 584. caniceps, I. 579, 587. cinereus, I. 580, 584. hyemalis, I. 137, 274, 282, 579, 580. oregonus, I. 579, 584; III. 516. phænotus, I. 580.

Kieneria aberti, II. 128. fusca, II. 121, 122. rufipilea, II. 131.

Lagopus, II. 690; III. 414, 456. albus, III. 456, 457. americanus, III. 462. brachydactylus, III. 457. ferrugineus, III. 300. grœnlandicus, III. 462. islandorum, III. 462. leucurus, III. 456, 464. mutus, III. 456, 462. reinhardti, III. 462. rupestris, III. 456, 462. subalpinus, III. 457. Lampornis, II. 438, 440. aurulentus, II. 440. mango, II. 440. porphyrurus, II. 440. virginalis, II. 440. Laniidæ, I. 356, 412, 431. Lanius agilis, I. 359. ardosiaceus, I. 418. borealis, I. 415. carolinensis, I. 418. cristatus, I. 412. elegans, I. 420. excubitor, I. 412, 415. excubitoroides, I. 421. garrulus, I. 395, 396. lahtora, I. 420. ludovicianus, I. 418, 421. olivaceus, I. 363. septentrionalis, I. 415. tyrannus, II. 316, 319. Lanivireo, I. 358, 372. cassini, I. 373, 376. flavifrons, I. 358, 373, 379. plumbea, I. 358; III. 512. plumbeus, I. 373, 377. propinquus, I. 373. solitaria, I. 358. solitarius, I. 373; III. 512. Laphyctes, II. 315. verticalis, II. 324. vociferans, II. 327. Leptostoma, II. 470. longicauda, II. 472. Lepturus galeatus, I. 405. Leuconerpes albolarvatus, II. 526. Leucospiza, III. 220, 236. Leucosticte, I. 448, 502. brunneinucha, I. 504. campestris, I. 504, 507. griseigenys, I. 508. griseinucha, I. 504, 507, 508. littoralis, I. 504, 507. tephrocotis, I. 504; III. 513. Ligonirostres, II. 492. Linaria americana, I. 493. borealis, I. 498. canescens, I. 498. flavirostris, I. 501. holbölli, I. 493. hornemanni, I. 498. lincolni, II. 31. minor, I. 493. savanna, I. 534. tephrocotis, I. 504. Linota canescens, I. 498. montium, I. 501. Lithofalco columbarius, III. 144. Lophophanes, I. 86. atricristatus, I. 87, 90. bicolor, I. 87, 92. cristatus, I. 93. galeatus, I. 93. inornatus, I. 87, 88, 91; III. 507. missouriensis, I. 87. wollweberi, I. 87, 93. Lophortyx, III. 466, 478. californica, III. 479. gambeli, III. 479, 482. plumifera, III. 475. Loxia, I. 483. americana, I. 483, 484. bifasciata, I. 483; III. 513. cærulea, II. 76, 77. canora, II. 92, 93. cardinalis, II. 99, 100. curvirostra, I. 483. enucleator, I. 453. erythrina, I. 459. fusca, I. 484. himalayana, I. 484. leucoptera, I. 483, 488. ludoviciana, II. 69, 70. mexicana, I. 483, 488. obscura, II. 70. pusilla, I. 484. pityopsittacus, I. 484. rosea, II. 70. violacea, I. 462. virginica, I. 441. Lurocalis, II. 399.

Macrocercus pachyrhynchus, II. 586. Megaceryle alcyon, II. 392. Megapicus, II. 494. Megaquiscalus, II. 214. Megascops, III. 47. Melampicus, II. 559. Melanerpes, II. 553, 559. albolarvatus, II. 526. angustifrons, II. 561, 575. erythrocephalus, II. 560, 564. flavigula, II. 561. formicivorus, II. 560, 566. ruber, II. 544. rubrigularis, II. 545. striatipectus, II. 561. thyroideus, II. 547. torquatus, II. 560, 561. williamsoni, II. 545. Meleagridæ, III. 402. Meleagris, III. 403. americana, III. 404. fera, III. 404. gallopavo, III. 403, 404. mexicana, III. 410. mexicanus, III. 403. ocellatus, III. 404. sylvestris, III. 404. Melittarchus dominicensis, II. 319. Mellisuga heloisa, II. 465. Melopelia, III. 375, 376. leucoptera, III. 376. Melospiza, I. 530; II. 16. cinerea, II. 29. fallax, II. 18, 22. gouldi, II. 26. guttata, II. 19, 27, 29. heermanni, II. 18, 24. insignis, II. 19, 30. lincolni, II. 19, 31; III. 516. melodia, I. 146, 158; II. 18, 19. mexicana, II. 18. palustris, II. 19, 34; III. 517. pectoralis, II. 18. rufina, I. 158; II. 19, 27, 29. samuelis, II. 18, 26. unalashkensis, I. 158. Melospizeæ, I. 530. Merula, I. 4. Methriopterus, I. 35. Micrathene, III. 6, 86. whitneyi, III. 87. Microglaux, III. 79. Micronisus, III. 220, 222. Microptynx, III. 79. passerina, III. 80. Milans, III. 196. Milvulus, II. 307, 308. forficatus, II. 309, 311. savanus, II. 309. tyrannus, II. 309. violentus, II. 309. Milvus cenchris, III. 203. dispar, III. 198. furcatus, III. 192. leucurus, III. 198. mississippiensis, III. 203. Mimimæ, I. 2, 31, 34. Mimus, I. 3, 48. carolinensis, I. 52. curvirostris, I. 41. longirostris, I. 39. montanus, I. 32. orpheus, I. 49. polyglottus, I. 33, 46, 49, 52; III. 506. Mitrephorus, II. 308, 385. fulvifrons, II. 385. pallescens, II. 385, 386. phæocercus, II. 385. Mniotilta, I. 178, 180. borealis, I. 180. longirostris, I. 180. noveboracensis, I. 283. rubricapilla, I. 196. striata, I. 248. varia, I. 180, 181, 216, 243, 249. virens, I. 261. Mniotilteæ, I. 178, 179. Mniotiltidæ, I. 298, 431. Molothrus, I. 182, 310; II. 148, 153. obscurus, II. 154. pecoris, II. 154. Monedula purpurea, II. 215. Montifringilla brunneinucha, I. 504. griseinucha, I. 508. Morphnus unicinctus, III. 249. Motacilla, I. 164, 165. æquinoctialis, I. 296. æstiva, I. 222. alba, I. 165. americana, I. 208. aurocapilla, I. 279, 280. auricollis, I. 184. bananivora, I. 427. blackburniæ, I. 237. cærulea, I. 77, 78. cærulescens, I. 254. calendula, I. 72, 75. calidris, I. 359. cana, I. 78. canadensis, I. 227, 254. chrysocephala, I. 237. chrysoptera, I. 192. cincta, I. 227. citrea, I. 183, 184. coronata, I. 227. dominica, I. 240. eques, I. 208. flava, I. 167. flavicauda, I. 322. flavicollis, I. 240. flavifrons, I. 192. fuscescens, I. 283. hudsonica, I. 171. incana, I. 237. juncorum, II. 5. ludoviciana, I. 208. maculosa, I. 232. mitrata, I. 313, 314. noveboracensis, I. 283. œnanthe, I. 60. palmarum, I. 273. pennsylvanica, I. 245. pensilis, I. 240. pileolata, I. 319. pinguis, I. 227. protonotaria, I. 184. regulus, I. 72. rubiginosa, I. 222. ruticilla, I. 322. sialis, I. 62. striata, I. 248. superciliosa, I. 240. tigrina, I. 211, 212. umbria, I. 227. varia, I. 180. vermivora, I. 186, 187. virens, I. 261. yarrelli, I. 165. Motacillidæ, I. 163, 164, 431. Motacillinæ, I. 164, 165. Muscicapa, I. 4. acadica, II. 374. animosa, II. 316. atra, II. 343. belli, I. 313. bonapartei, I. 320. brasieri, I. 312. canadensis, I. 320. cantatrix, I. 385. carolinensis, I. 51, 52; II. 344. cooperi, II. 353. crinita, II. 334. cucullata, I. 314. derhami, I. 322. dominicensis, II. 319. forficata, II. 311. fulvifrons, II. 385. fusca, II. 343. gilva, I. 368. guttata, I. 18, 20. inornata, II. 353. ludoviciana, II. 334. melodia, I. 368. minuta, I. 316. nigricans, II. 340. noveboracensis, I. 357, 382, 385. nunciola, II. 343. olivacea, I. 358, 363. phœbe, II. 343, 360. pusilla, I. 317; II. 366. querula, II. 357, 374. rapax, II. 357. rex, II. 316. richardsoni, II. 360. rubra, I. 441. ruticilla, I. 322. savana, II. 309. saya, II. 347. selbyi, I. 314. semiatra, II. 340. solitaria, I. 373. striata, I. 248. sylvicola, I. 379. trailli, II. 369. tyrannus, II. 309, 316. verticalis, II. 324. virens, II. 350, 357. virginiana cristata, II. 334. viridis, I. 306, 307. wilsoni, I. 317. Muscicapidæ, I. 326. Myiadesteæ, I. 408. Myiadestes, I. 3, 408. genibarbis, I. 408. obscurus, I. 409. townsendi, I. 22, 409. unicolor, I. 409. Myiarchus, II. 307, 329; III. 521. antillarum, II. 332. cinerascens, II. 332, 337. cooperi, II. 331. crinitus, II. 331, 334. erythrocercus, II. 331. irritabilis, II. 331. lawrencei, II. 333. mexicanus, II. 331, 337. nigricans, II. 340. nigricapillus, II. 333. nigriceps, II. 333. pertinax, II. 337. phæocephalus, II. 330. phœbe, II. 332. stolidus, II. 331, 332. tristis, II. 332, 333. tyrannulus, II. 330. validus, II. 331. yucatanensis, II. 331. Myiobius borealis, II. 353. crinitus, II. 334. nunciola, II. 343. pallidus, II. 351. sayus, II. 347. stolidus, II. 332. virens, II. 357. Myioborus, I. 179, 312. Myioctonus, I. 313. mitratus, I. 314. pusillus, I. 317. Myiodiocteæ, I. 179. Myiodioctes, I. 179, 312, 313. canadensis, I. 313, 320. formosus, I. 293. minutus, I. 313, 316. mitratus, I. 313, 314. pardalina, I. 320. pileolata, I. 313, 319; III. 512. pusillus, I. 313, 314, 317, 319. wilsoni, I. 317. Myionax crinitus, II. 334. Myiothlypis, I. 312.

Nauclerus, III. 104, 190. forficatus, III. 191, 192. furcatus, III. 191, 192. Neocorys, I. 164, 170, 174. spraguei, I. 175. Neophron iota, III. 351. Nephœcetes, II. 427, 428. niger, II. 429; III. 523. Nertus, III. 202. mississippiensis, III. 203. plumbeus, III. 203. Niphæa hyemalis, I. 580. oregona, I. 584. Nisastur, III. 220, 222. Nisus cooperi, III. 224, 230. fuscus, III. 224, 225. hyemalis, III. 275. mexicanus, III. 224, 231. pacificus, III. 225. pennsylvanicus, III. 225. unicinctus, III. 249. Noctua aurita minor, III. 49. brodiei, III. 79. ferruginea, III. 85. passerina, III. 80. Notiocorys, I. 164, 170. Nucifraga columbiana, II. 255. Nucifrageæ, II. 232. Nudinares, II. 492. Nyctale, III. 6, 39. abietum, III. 39. acadica, III. 40, 43. albifrons, III. 43. funerea, III. 39. harrisi, III. 40. kirtlandi, III. 39, 43. pinetorum, III. 39. planiceps, III. 39. richardsoni (plate), III. 39–41, 97–101. tengmalmi, III. 39. Nyctalops stygius, III. 17. Nyctea, III. 6, 60, 61. arctica, III. 61, 70. candida, III. 70. nivea (plate), III. 61, 70, 98–102. scandiaca, III. 61. Nyctibius, II. 398. Nyctidromus, II. 399, 400. affinis, II. 399. albicollis, II. 399. americanus, II. 399. derbyanus, II. 399. grallarius, II. 399. guianensis, II. 399.

Ochthæca sayi, II. 347. Odontophorus maleagris, III. 492. Onychotes gruberi, III. 252–254. Oporornis, I. 178, 279, 290. agilis, I. 290, 291, 301. formosus, I. 290, 293. Oreopeleia, III. 392. martinica, III. 393. montana, III. 393. Oreophasinæ, III. 397. Oreophasis derbianus, III. 397. Oreortyx, III. 466, 475. pictus, III. 475. Oreoscoptes, I. 2, 31. montanus, I. 32, 33, 40, 41. Oriolus baltimore, II. 195. castaneus, II. 190. caudacutus, I. 556, 557. costototl, II. 184. dominicensis, II. 182. ferrugineus, II. 202, 203. fuscus, II. 154. icterus, II. 184. ludovicianus, II. 215. mutatus, II. 190. niger, II. 203, 215. phœniceus, II. 158, 159. spurius, II. 190. varius, II. 190. Oriturus wrangeli, II. 122. Ornismya anna, II. 454. arsenni, II. 466. costæ, II. 453, 457. heloisa, II. 464, 465. montana, II. 462. tricolor, II. 462. viridissima, II. 468. Orpheus carolinensis, I. 52. curvirostris, I. 41. leucopterus, I. 49. longirostris, I. 39. meruloides, I. 29. montanus, I. 31, 32. Ortalida, III. 397, 398. maccalli, III. 398. poliocephala, III. 398. Ortyginæ, III. 466. Ortyx, III. 466, 467. californica, III. 479. castaneus, III. 468. cubanensis, III. 468. floridanus, III. 469. massena, III. 491, 492. montezumæ, III. 492. picta, III. 475. plumifera, III. 475. squamata, III. 487. texanus, III. 468, 474. virginianus, III. 467, 468. Oscines, I. 1, 163, 326. Otocoris, II. 139. rufa, II. 144. Otocorys alpestris, II. 143. chrysolæma, II. 144. cornuta, II. 143. occidentalis, II. 143. peregrina, II. 142, 144. Otus, III. 5, 17. albicollis, III. 17. americanus, III. 18. arboreus, III. 17. asio, III. 17, 52. aurita, III. 17. brachyotus, III. 18, 22, 24. communis, III. 17, 18. crassirostris, III. 61. europæus, III. 17. galopagœnsis, III. 23. gracilis, III. 17. italicus, III. 17. macrorhynchus, III. 61. mexicanus, III. 61. nævius, III. 49. palustris, III. 22. siguapa, III. 18. stygius, III. 17, 18. sylvestris, III. 17. virginianus, III. 62. vulgaris, III. 17. wilsonianus (plate), III. 17, 18, 98–101.

Pachyramphus aglaiæ, II. 306. major, II. 306. Pandion, III. 104, 182. alticeps, III. 183. americanus, III. 184. carolinensis, III. 183, 184. fasciatus, III. 184. fluvialis, III. 183. haliætus, III. 182, 183. indicus, III. 183. leucocephalus, III. 183. planiceps, III. 183. Panyptila, II. 422, 423. cayanensis, II. 424. melanoleuca, II. 424; III. 523. sancti-hieronymi, II. 424. Paridæ, I. 69, 86, 431. Parinæ, I. 86. Paroides flaviceps, I. 112. Parula, I. 178, 207. americana, I. 207–209, 259; III. 509. inornata, I. 208. insularis, I. 207. pitiayumi, I. 207. superciliosa, I. 208. Parus, I. 86, 93. albescens, I. 99. americanus, I. 207, 208. annexus, I. 93. atricapillus, I. 91–96, 100, 102, 103, 105, 128, 157. atricapillus canadensis, I. 96. atricristatus, I. 90. bicolor, I. 86, 87. carolinensis, I. 88, 94, 97, 102, 185. cristatus, I. 86, 87. erythrocephalus, I. 107. fasciatus, I. 83, 84. hudsonicus, I. 94, 97, 105. inornatus, I. 91. leucotis, I. 312. littoralis, I. 105. major, I. 93. meridionalis, I. 94, 102. minimus, I. 109. montanus, I. 92–95, 118. occidentalis, I. 94, 100, 101, 104. palustris, I. 96, 103. rufescens, I. 94, 104; III. 507. septentrionalis, I. 94, 97, 99, 101, 107. sibiricus, I. 95, 105. virginianus, I. 227. Passer, I. 525. arctous, I. 508. bicolor bahamensis, II. 93. canadensis, II. 3. domesticus, I. 525. pennsylvanicus, I. 574. Passerculeæ, I. 529. Passerculus, I. 529, 532. alaudinus, I. 533, 537; III. 515. anthinus, I. 533, 537, 539. cassini, II. 42. guttatus, I. 533, 544. lincolni, II. 31. princeps, I. 533, 540; III. 515. rostratus, I. 533, 542. sandwichensis, I. 533, 538. savanna, I. 533, 534. zonarius, II. 31. Passerella, II. 49; III. 518. cinerea, II. 27. iliaca, II. 50. megarhynchus, II. 49, 57; III. 518. obscura, II. 50. rufina, II. 29. schistacea, II. 49, 56. townsendi, II. 29, 49, 53. unalashkensis, II. 53. Passerellinæ, I. 446; II. 48. Passerina, II. 81. caudacuta, I. 557. ciris, II. 87. cyanea, II. 82. nigricollis, II. 65. oryzivora, II. 149. pecoris, II. 154. pratensis, I. 553. Patagiænas, III. 357. leucocephalus, III. 363. Pediocætes, III. 414, 433. columbianus, III. 434, 436, 446. kennikotti, III. 434. phasianellus, III. 434. Pediocorys, I. 164. Pendulinus, II. 179. affinis, II. 190. ater, II. 203. cucullatus, II. 193. dominicensis, II. 188. flavigaster, II. 182. hypomelas, II. 182. lessoni, II. 182. nigricollis, II. 190. portoricensis, II. 182. spurius, II. 190. viridis, II. 182. Penelope, III. 397. Penelopina, III. 397. Penelopinæ, III. 397. Percnopterus aura, III. 345. urubu, III. 351. Perdicidæ, III. 466. Perdix borealis, III. 468. californica, III. 479. marilandica, III. 468. plumifera, III. 475. virginiana, III. 468. Perisoreus, II. 264, 297. canadensis, II. 298, 299. capitalis, II. 298, 302. infaustus, II. 298. obscurus, II. 298, 302. Perissoglossa, I. 178, 211. carbonata, I. 212, 214. tigrina, I. 211, 212. Perissura, III. 381. carolinensis, III. 383. Petrochelidon, I. 327, 334. bicolor, I. 344. lunifrons, I. 334. swainsoni, I. 334. thalassina, I. 347. Peucæa, I. 530; II. 37. æstivalis, II. 34, 38, 39. arizonæ, II. 38, 41; III. 517. bachmani, II. 39. botterii, II. 38. boucardi, II. 38. carpalis, III. 517. cassini, II. 41, 42. lincolni, II. 31. notosticta, II. 38. ruficeps, II. 38, 45. Phabotypus, III. 220. Phænicosoma æstiva, I. 441. hepatica, I. 437. rubra, I. 435. Phænisoma, I. 432. æstiva, I. 441. rubra, I. 435. Phænopepla, I. 405. nitens, I. 405. Phæthornithinæ, II. 438. Phasianus columbianus, III. 436. motmot, III. 398. Phileremos, II. 139. Phlœotomus, II. 548. Pholeoptynx, III. 88. Phonipara, II. 60, 92. bicolor, II. 93. canora, II. 93. marchi, II. 93. olivacea, II. 93. omissa, II. 93. pusilla, II. 93. zena, II. 93. Phrenopicus, II. 501, 523. Phrenopipo, II. 523. borealis, II. 524. Phyllobasileus, I. 72. Phyllomanes, I. 358. barbatula, I. 360. flavoviridis, I. 366. olivacea, I. 363. Phyllopneuste, I. 69, 70. borealis, I. 70, 71. kennicotti, I. 70, 71. sylvicultrix, I. 71. trochilus, I. 71, 72. Pica, II. 264. albiventris, II. 265. cærulescens, II. 285. caudata, II. 265. chloronota, II. 295. cristata, II. 273. europea, II. 265. hudsonica, II. 265, 266. melanoleuca, II. 265, 266. morio, II. 303, 304. nuttalli, II. 265, 270. rusticorum, II. 265. stelleri, II. 277. Piceæ, II. 492, 493. Picicorvus, II. 232, 254. columbianus, II. 255. Picidæ, II. 469, 491. Picinæ, II. 491, 492. Pico cruzado, I. 488. Picoides, II. 494, 529. americanus, II. 529, 532. arcticus, II. 528, 530. crissoleucus, II. 529. dorsalis, II. 529, 532. europæus, II. 529. hirsutus, II. 532. tridactylus, II. 529. Picolaptes brunneicapillus, I. 132, 134. Picumninæ, II. 491. Picus, II. 493, 500. albolarvatus, II. 502, 526. americanus, II. 532. arcticus, II. 530. atrothorax, II. 539. auduboni, II. 503. auratus, II. 575. aurifrons, II. 557. bairdi, II. 515, 517. bogotus, II. 515. borealis, II. 501, 523, 524. cafer, II. 578. canadensis, II. 503. carolinus, II. 554. chrysoides, II. 583. dorsalis, II. 532. erythrauchen, II. 554. erythrocephalus, II. 559, 564. gairdneri, II. 501, 512; III. 523. gracilis, II. 515. graysoni, II. 501, 515, 517. griseus, II. 554. harrisi, II. 501, 507. hirsutus, II. 532. hudsonica, II. 266. hybridus aurato-mexicanus, II. 582. hylocopus, II. 507. inornatus, II. 507. jardini, II. 507. lathami, II. 578. leconti, II. 509. leucomelanus, II. 503. leucomelas, II. 503. leucotis, II. 524. lewisii, II. 561. lucasanus, II. 501, 517, 519, 520. martinæ, II. 503. martius, II. 500. medianus, II. 509. melanopogon, II. 566. meridionalis, II. 509, 512. mexicanus, II. 578. montanus, II. 561. nataliæ, II. 547. nuttalli, II. 501, 517, 520, 521. obscurus, II. 564. orizabæ, II. 515. ornatus, II. 557. parvus, II. 515. phillipsi, II. 503. pileatus, II. 550. principalis, II. 496. pubescens, I. 103, 185; II. 501, 502, 509. querulus, II. 524. ruber, II. 544. rubricapillus, II. 503. rubicatus, II. 578. scalaris, II. 501, 514, 515, 520. septentrionalis, II. 503. submexicanus, II. 574. thyroideus, II. 535, 547. torquatus, II. 559, 561. tridactylus, II. 528, 530. turati, II. 512. undatus, II. 532. undosus, II. 532. undulatus, II. 532. varius, II. 535, 539. vieilloti, II. 524. villosus, II. 500, 503, 520. williamsoni, II. 545. wilsoni, II. 521. zebra, II. 554. Pilumnus, II. 535. ruber, II. 544. thyroideus, II. 547. varius, II. 539. Pinicola, I. 447, 452. americana, I. 453. canadensis, I. 453. enucleator, I. 453; III. 513. Pipile, III. 397. Pipilo, I. 34; II. 60, 104. aberti, II. 106, 126, 128; III. 519. albicollis, II. 121, 122. albigula, II. 121, 122, 127. alleni, II. 108, 112. arcticus, II. 109, 116, 119. ater, II. 109. carmani, II. 109. chlorosoma, II. 105. chlorurus, II. 106, 131; III. 519. crissalis, II. 121, 122. erythrophthalmus, II. 105, 106, 108, 109; III. 518. fuscus, II. 106, 121. lateralis, II. 106. macronyx, II. 105. maculatus, II. 105, 108. megalonyx, II. 108, 113. mesoleucus, II. 121, 122, 125; III. 518. oregonus, II. 108, 116. personata, I. 589. superciliosa, II. 106. virescens, II. 105. Pipra polyglotta, I. 307. Pitylus cardinalis, II. 100. guttatus, II. 73. Planesticus, I. 4, 22, 24, 28. Platypsaris affinis, II. 306. Platyrhynchus pusillus, II. 366. virescens, I. 374. Plectrophanes, I. 448, 510. lapponicus, I. 511, 515. maccowni, I. 511, 523. melanomus, I. 511, 521. nivalis, I. 511, 512. ornatus, I. 511, 520. pictus, I. 511, 518. smithi, I. 518. Ploceidæ, I. 431. Plyctolophinæ, II. 585. Podager, II. 399. Podagrinæ, II. 398. Pœcile atricapilla, I. 96. carolinensis, I. 102. melanotis, I. 108. minima, I. 109. rufescens, I. 104. Pœcilopternis, III. 254. borealis, III. 282. lineatus, III. 275. wilsoni, III. 259. Pœcilornis, III. 159. cinnamominus, III. 168. sparverius, III. 169. Pœcilopteryx, III. 202. plumbeus, III. 203. Polioaëtus, III. 320. Polioptila, I. 77, 201. cærulea, I. 78; III. 506. lembeyi, I. 78. melanura, I. 78, 79, 81; III. 507. mexicana, I. 78. plumbea, I. 78, 80. Polioptilinæ, I. 69, 77. Polyborus, III. 103, 176. auduboni, III. 178. brasiliensis, III. 177, 178. cheriway, III. 177. tæniurus, III. 249. tharus, III. 176–178. vulgaris, III. 177, 178. Pomatorhinus turdinus, I. 41. Pontoaëtus, III. 320. Poocætes, I. 529, 544. gramineus, I. 545. Poospiza, I. 530, 589. belli, I. 33, 590, 593; III. 516. bilineata, I. 589, 590. lateralis, II. 106. mystacalis, II. 589. nevadensis, I. 590, 594. Psittacidæ, II. 469. Progne, I. 326, 327. concolor, I. 328. cryptoleuca, I. 328, 329, 332. domestica, I. 328. dominicensis, I. 328, 329. elegans, I. 328, 330. furcata, I. 328. leucogaster, I. 329, 333. modesta, I. 328. purpurea, I. 328, 332. subis, I. 328, 329, 332. Protonotaria, I. 178, 183. citrea, I. 183, 184, 289. Psaltria, I. 107. flaviceps, I. 112. melanotis, I. 108. plumbea, I. 110. Psaltriparus, I. 86, 107. melanotis, I. 107, 108. minimus, I. 108, 109, 120. personatus, I. 108. plumbeus, I. 108, 110. Psarocolius auricollis, II. 199. baltimore, II. 195. caudacutus, II. 149. cyanocephalus, II. 206. gubernator, II. 163. melanocephalus, II. 186. pecoris, II. 154. perspicillatus, II. 167. phœniceus, II. 159. Pseudaëtus, II. 312. Pseudogryphus, III. 337, 338. californianus (plate), III. 338, 355, 356. Pseudoprocne, II. 423. Psilorhinus, II. 264, 303. cyanocephalus, II. 260. mexicanus, II. 304. morio, II. 304. Psittaca carolinensis, II. 587. Psittacidæ, II. 585. Psittacinæ, II. 585. Psittacus caroliniensis, II. 587. ludovicianus, II. 587. militaris, II. 586. pascha, II. 586. strenuus, II. 586. thalassinus, II. 587. Pteroaëtus, III. 312. Pterocircus, III. 212. Ptilogonateæ, I. 404. Ptilogonatinæ, I. 395, 404. Ptilogonus cinereus, I. 405. Ptilogonys, I. 405. nitens, I. 405. townsendi, I. 409. Pipilo rufipileus, II. 131. Pulsatrix, III. 28. Pygargus, III. 212. Pyranga, I. 432. æstiva, I. 434, 441. ardens, I. 433. azaræ, I. 434, 440. bidentata, I. 433. cooperi, I. 434, 444. erythrocephala, I. 433. erythromelæna, I. 433, 435. erythropis, I. 437. hepatica, I. 433, 440; III. 512. ludoviciana, I. 433, 435, 437. mississippiensis, I. 441. roseigularis, I. 434. rubra, I. 34, 432, 435. rubriceps, I. 433. saira, I. 434. testacea, I. 434. Pyrgita, I. 525. arctica, II. 119. domestica, I. 525. Pyrgitænas passerinus, III. 389. Pyrgitinæ, I. 446, 524. Pyrocephalus, II. 308, 386. mexicanus, II. 387; III. 522. nanus, II. 387. obscurus, II. 387. rubineus, II. 387. Pyrrhula, I. 447, 456. cassini, I. 457; III. 513. coccinea, I. 457. cruentata, I. 468. enucleator, I. 453. falcirostris, II. 90. frontalis, I. 466. ludoviciana, II. 70. Pyrrhuloxia, II. 60, 95. sinuata, II. 95.

Quiscalinæ, II. 147, 202. Quiscalus, II. 202, 212. æneus, II. 213, 218. ænius, II. 218. aglæus, II. 213, 221. assimilis, II. 214. baritus, II. 213, 221. brachypterus, II. 213. breweri, II. 206. ferrugineus, II. 203. gundlachi, II. 213. inflexirostris, II. 214. macrurus, II. 214, 225. major, II. 214, 222. mexicanus, II. 214. niger, II. 213. nitens, II. 215. palustris, II. 214. peruvianus, II. 214. purpuratus, II. 215. purpureus, II. 213–215. tenuirostris, II. 214. versicolor, II. 215, 218.

Raptores, III. 1. Regulinæ, I. 69, 72. Reguloides proregulus, I. 72. Regulus, I. 72. Regula calendula, I. 34, 75; III. 506. cuvieri, I. 75. mystaceus, I. 297. rubineus, I. 75. satrapa, I. 75, 104. Rhimamphus, I. 215. æstivus, I. 222. blackburniæ, I. 237. canadensis, I. 254. castaneus, I. 251. chryseolus, I. 222. coronatus, I. 227. discolor, I. 276. maculosus, I. 232. maritimus, I. 212. olivaceus, I. 258. pensilis, I. 240. pinus, I. 268. rufus, I. 273. striatus, I. 248. tigrina, I. 273. virens, I. 261. Rhinogryphus, III. 337, 343. aura (plate), III. 344, 355, 356. burrovianus, III. 344. Rhinoptynx, III. 60. Rhinostrix, III. 60. Rhynchodon, III. 127. Rhynchofalco, III. 107, 154. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, II. 586. Rostrhamus, III. 104, 207. hamatus, III. 209. niger, III. 208. plumbeus, III. 208, 209. sociabilis, III. 208. tæniurus, III. 209.

Sagræ, II. 332. Salpinctes, I. 130, 134. obsoletus, I. 135, 140; III. 508. Saltator viridis, II. 46. Sarcorhamphidæ, III. 335. Sarcorhamphus, III. 336, 337. californicus, III. 338. gryphus (plate), III. 355, 356. papa (plate), III. 356. Saurothera bottæ, II. 472. californiana, II. 472. marginata, II. 472. Saxicola, I. 59. œnanthe, I. 59, 60; III. 506. œnanthoides, I. 60. Saxicolidæ, I. 1, 2, 59, 69. Sayornis, II. 307, 339; III. 521. aquaticus, II. 340. cinerascens, II. 340. fuscus, I. 295; II. 343. latirostris, II. 340. nigricans, II. 340. pallidus, II. 347. sayus, II. 347. Scaphidurus palustris, II. 214. Scardafella, III. 375, 387. inca, III. 387. squamosa, III. 387. Scolecophagus, II. 202. cyanocephalus, III. 203, 206. ferrugineus, I. 77; II. 203. mexicanus, II. 206. niger, II. 203. Scops, III. 6, 47. albifrons, III. 43. asio (plate), III. 48, 49, 51, 98–101. enano, III. 48. flammeola, III. 58. floridanus, III. 48, 51. kennicotti, III. 48, 53, 55. maccalli, III. 49, 52. semitorques, III. 56. trichopsis, III. 53. zorca, III. 47. Scotiaptex, III. 5, 28, 29. cinereum (plate), III. 29, 30, 98–102. lapponicum, III. 29, 30. Scotophilus acadicus, III. 43. Securirostres, II. 492. Seirureæ, I. 178, 279. Seiurus, I. 178, 279. aurocapillus, I. 279, 280, 295, 304. gosse, I. 284. ludovicianus, I. 280, 285, 287, 295; III. 511. motacilla, I. 287. noveboracensis, I. 280, 281, 283, 289. sulfurascens, I. 284. tenuirostris, I. 283. Selasphorus, II. 438, 439, 458. costæ, II. 457. flammula, II. 459. heloisæ, II. 465. platycercus, II. 458, 462. rufus, II. 459. scintilla, II. 459. Setirostres, II. 399. Setophaga, I. 179, 312, 322. bonapartei, I. 320. canadensis, I. 320. miniata, I. 322. nigricincta, I. 320. picta, I. 322; III. 512. rubra, I. 312. ruticilla, I. 322, 323. wilsoni, I. 317. Setophageæ, I. 179. Setophaginæ, I. 178, 179, 311. Sialia, I. 59, 62. arctica, I. 62, 66–68. azurea, I. 62, 63. cæruleocollis, I. 65. macroptera, I. 67. mexicana, I. 62, 65, 66, 68; III. 506. occidentalis, I. 65. sialis, I. 62, 66, 68. wilsoni, I. 62. Siphonorhis, II. 399. Sitta, I. 114. aculeata, I. 92, 114, 115, 117. canadensis, I. 114, 117, 118, 121, 122. carolinensis, I. 114, 117, 122. melanocephala, I. 114. pusilla, I. 114, 120, 122; III. 507. pygmæa, I. 92, 114, 120; III. 507. varia, I. 118. Sittace, II. 585. militaris, II. 586. pachyrhyncha, II. 586. Sittacinæ, II. 585. Sittinæ, I. 86, 113. Sparvius, III. 220. cirrhocephalus, III. 220, 222. platypterus, III. 259. Speotyto, III. 6, 88. cunicularia, III. 90. domingensis, III. 89, 90. fusca, III. 89, 90. grallaria, III. 89. guadeloupensis, III. 90. hypogæa (plate), III. 90, 93, 98–101. Spermophila, II. 60, 90. albigularis, II. 91. moreletti, II. 91. Spheotyto hypogæa, III. 90. Sphyropicus, II. 494, 535. nuchalis, II. 538, 542. ruber, II. 538, 544. thyroideus, II. 538, 547. varius, II. 537, 539; III. 521. williamsoni, II. 538, 545. Spilocircus, III. 212. Spinites, II. 1. atrigularis, II. 15. monticolus, II. 3. pusillus, II. 5. socialis, II. 7. Spiza, II. 81. amœna, II. 84. ciris, I. 315; II. 87. cyanea, I. 315; II. 82. versicolor, II. 86. Spizacircus, III. 212. Spizageranus unicinctus, III. 249. Spizella, I. 530; II. 1. arizonæ, II. 2, 11. atrigularis, II. 3, 15. breweri, II. 13; III. 516. canadensis, II. 3. maxima, I. 566. monticola, II. 2, 3; III. 516. pallida, II. 2, 11. pinetorum, II. 2. pusilla, II. 2, 5. shattucki, II. 11. socialis, II. 2, 7; III. 516. Spizelleæ, I. 529. Spizellinæ, I. 446, 528. Spiziacircus, III. 212. Spizinæ, I. 446; II. 58. Spizognathæ, I. 431. Sporophila, II. 90. moreletti, II. 91. Starnœnadeæ, III. 375. Starnœnas, III. 375, 394. cyanocephala, III. 395. Steatornis, II. 398. Steatornithinæ, II. 398. Stegnolæma, III. 397. Stelgidopteryx, I. 327, 350. serripennis, I. 350. Stellula, II. 438, 439, 445. calliope, II. 445. Stenopsis, II. 399. Stolida lucaysiensis, II. 332. Stolidus dominicensis, II. 332. Streptoceryle, II. 391. alcyon, II. 392. Stridula, III. 10. Strigiceps, III. 212. hudsonius, III. 214. uliginosus, III. 214. Strigidæ, III. 1, 4. Stringopinæ, II. 585. Strix, III. 5, 10. acadica, III. 43, 80. acadiensis, III. 43. acclamator, III. 30. albifrons, III. 43. aluco, III. 28. americana, III. 13. arctica, III. 64, 70. asio, III. 47, 49. brachyotus, III. 17, 22. bubo, III. 60, 62. californica, III. 90. canadensis, III. 75. cinerea, III. 28, 30. clamata, III. 61. crassirostris, III. 61. cunicularia, III. 88, 90. delicatula, III. 13. eluta, III. 81. ferruginea, III. 85. flammea, III. 10, 11. freti hudsonius, III. 75. frontalis, III. 43. funerea, III. 75. furcata, III. 12. guatemalæ, III. 11. havanense, III. 79. hudsonia, III. 75. huhula, III. 28. hypogæa, III. 90. javanica, III. 13. macrorhyncha, III. 61. maculata, III. 61. maximus, III. 62. mexicana, III. 60, 61. nævia, III. 49. nacuruta, III. 61. nebulosa, III. 34. nivea, III. 61. nyctea, III. 61, 70. otus, III. 17. passerina, III. 39, 43, 79. passerinoides, III. 81. peregrinator, III. 18. perlata, III. 12, 13. phalænoides, III. 43. pratincola (plate), III. 11, 13, 98–101. pusilla, III. 80. pygmæa, III. 80. scops, III. 47. tengmalmi, III. 39, 40. torquatus, III. 28. ulula, III. 74. virginiana, III. 62. wapacuthu, III. 64. Strobilophaga, I. 452. Struthus atrimentalis, II. 15. caniceps, I. 587. oregonus, I. 584. Sturnella, II. 148, 171. collaris, II. 174. hippocrepis, II. 172, 176. ludoviciana, II. 174. magna, II. 172, 174. meridionalis, II. 172. mexicana, II. 172. neglecta, I. 33; II. 173, 176. Sturnidæ, II. 228. Sturnus, II. 228. cinclus, I. 55, 56. collaris, II. 174. junceti, II. 154. ludovicianus, II. 174. nove-hispaniæ, II. 154. obscurus, II. 154. prædatorius, II. 159. vulgaris, II. 228, 229. Surnia, III. 6, 74. ferruginea, III. 85. hudsonia, III. 75. nævia, III. 49. passerina, III. 80. ulula (plate), III. 39, 75, 98–102. Sylvania bonapartei, I. 320. mitrata, I. 314. pumilia, I. 316. pusilla, I. 317. ruticilla, I. 322. Sylvia æquinoctialis, I. 293. æstiva, I. 222. agilis, I. 290. americana, I. 208. anthoides, I. 283. auduboni, I. 229. auricollis, I. 184. autumnalis, I. 251. azurea, I. 235. bachmani, I. 194. bifasciata, I. 235. blackburniæ, I. 237. cærulea, I. 235. canadensis, I. 254. carbonata, I. 214. carolinensis, I. 222. castanea, I. 251. celata, I. 202. childreni, I. 222. chivi, I. 359. chrysoptera, I. 192. citrinella, I. 222. coronata, I. 227. culicivora, I. 312. discolor, I. 276. domestica, I. 149. flava, I. 222. flavicollis, I. 240. flavifrons, I. 192. formosa, I. 293. halseii, I. 258. icterocephala, I. 245. incana, I. 237. juncorum, II. 5. lateralis, I. 237. leucogastra, I. 196. leucoptera, I. 254. ludoviciana, I. 141, 142. macgillivrayi, I. 303. macropus, I. 254. maculosa, I. 232. magnolia, I. 232. marilandica, I. 297. maritima, I. 212. mexicana, I. 196. minuta, I. 276, 316. missouriensis, I. 205. mitrata, I. 314. montana, I. 271. nashvillei, I. 196. nigrescens, I. 258. noveboracensis, I. 283. occidentalis, I. 266. olivacea, I. 258. palmarum, I. 273. palustris, I. 254. pardalina, I. 320. parus, I. 237. pennsylvanica, I. 245. pensilis, I. 240. peregrina, I. 205. petasodes, I. 317. philadelphia, I. 301. pinus, I. 195, 268. populorum, I. 235. protonotaria, I. 183, 184. pusilla, I. 208, 254. rathbonia, I. 222, 223. ruficapilla, I. 191, 196. sialis, I. 63. solitaria, I. 195. sphagnosa, I. 254. striata, I. 248. swainsoni, I. 186, 190. tæniata, I. 258. tigrina, I. 212, 271. tolmiæi, I. 303. torquata, I. 208. townsendi, I. 265. trichas, I. 239, 297. troglodytes, I. 155. velata, I. 296. vermivora, I. 187. vigorsii, I. 268. virens, I. 261. wilsoni, I. 317. xanthopygia, I. 227. xanthocoa, I. 227. Sylvicola, I. 207, 215. æstiva, I. 222. agilis, I. 290. americana, I. 208. auduboni, I. 229. bachmani, I. 194. blackburniæ, I. 237. cærulea, I. 235. canadensis, I. 254. castanea, I. 251. celata, I. 202. chrysoptera, I. 192. coronata, I. 227. discolor, I. 276. formosa, I. 293. icterocephala, I. 245. kirtlandi, I. 272. macgillivrayi, I. 303. maculosa, I. 232. maritima, I. 212. mitrata, I. 314. montana, I. 271. nigrescens, I. 258. occidentalis, I. 266. olivacea, I. 258. palmarum, I. 273. pannosa, I. 254. pardalina, I. 320. parus, I. 237. pensilis, I. 240. peregrina, I. 205. petechia, I. 273. pinus, I. 268. pusilla, I. 208. rathbonia, I. 222. rubricapilla, I. 196. ruficapilla, I. 273. solitaria, I. 195. striata, I. 248. swainsoni, I. 190. tæniata, I. 258. townsendi, I. 265. vermivora, I. 187. virens, I. 261. Sylvicoleæ, I. 178, 211. Sylvicolidæ, I. 1, 69, 163, 164, 177. Sylvicolinæ, I. 178, 179. Svlviidæ, I. 2, 69, 431. Sylviinæ, I. 69. Syrnia nyctea, III. 70. Syrnium, III. 5, 28. aluco (plate), III. 28, 97. cinereum, III. 28, 30, 31. fulvescens, III. 29. lapponicum, III. 30. nebulosum, III. 28, 29, 34. occidentale, III. 28, 29, 38. sartorii, III. 29.

Tachycineta, I. 327, 338, 344. bicolor, I. 344. thalassina, I. 344, 347. Tachytriorchis, III. 254. Tænioptynx, III. 79. Talpacota, III. 375. Tanagra æstiva, I. 441. columbiana, I. 437. cyanea, II. 81, 82. ludoviciana, I. 437. mississippiensis, I. 441. rubra, I. 435. variegata, I. 441. Tanagridæ, I. 431. Telmatodytes, I. 131, 141, 158. arundinaceus, I. 161. bewickii, I. 141. leucogaster, I. 141. spilurus, I. 141. Teraspiza, III. 220, 222. Terestristeæ, I. 179. Terestristis, I. 179. Tetrao albus, III. 457. bonasia, III. 446. californicus, III. 478, 479. canadensis, III. 415, 416, 419. cristata, III. 487. cupido, III. 439, 440. franklini, III. 415, 419. fusca, III. 419. guttata, III. 492. islandicus, III. 462. lagopus, III. 456, 457, 462. lagopus islandicus, III. 462. lapponicus, III. 457. leucurus, III. 464. marilandicus, III. 468. minor, III. 468. mutus, III. 462. obscurus, III. 415, 421, 423, 425. phasianellus, III. 429, 433, 436. rehusak, III. 457. richardsoni, III. 427. rupestris, III. 462. sabini, III. 454. saliceti, III. 457. togatus, III. 448. tympanus, III. 448. umbelloides, III. 453. umbellus, III. 448, 454. urogallus, III. 434. urophasianellus, III. 436. urophasianus, III. 428. virginianus, III. 467, 468. Tetraonidæ, III. 414. Tetrastes, III. 446. Thalassoaëtus, III. 320, 322. Thaumatias, II. 440, 468. linnæi, II. 468. Theromyias saya, II. 347. Thryomanes, I. 130, 144. Thryothorus, I. 130, 141, 142, 148, 158. arundinaceus, I. 161. bewickii, I. 142, 145. berlandieri, I. 39, 141, 144. leucogaster, I. 147; III. 508. littoralis, I. 142. louisianæ, I. 142. ludovicianus, I. 39, 137, 141, 142; III. 508. mexicanus, I. 137. pinus, I. 268. spilurus, I. 147, 154. torquatus, I. 208. Tiaris omissa, II. 93. pusilla, II. 93. Tichornis, III. 159. Tinnunculus, III. 107, 159. alaudarius, III. 159. australis, III. 166. cinnamominus, III. 168. columbarius, III. 144. dominicensis, III. 166, 167, 171. isabellinus, III. 166, 167. leucophrys, III. 161. phalœna, III. 169. sparveroides, III. 161, 162. sparverius, III. 161, 166, 167, 169, 171. Tolmaëtus, III. 312. Toxostoma curvirostris, I. 41. lecontei, I. 44. longirostre, I. 39. rediviva, I. 45. vetula, I. 35, 41. Trichas, I. 295. agilis, I. 290. brachydactylus, I. 297. macgillivrayi, I. 303. marilandicus, I. 297. personatus, I. 297. philadelphia, I. 301. tephrocotis, I. 290. tolmiæi, I. 303. vegata, I. 303. Trichoglossinæ, II. 585. Trichopicus, II. 502. Trichopipo, II. 502. Tridactylia, II. 509, 528. arctica, II. 530. dorsalis, II. 532. undulata, II. 532. Triorchis, III. 182, 297. Trochilidæ, II. 437, 466. Trochilinæ, II. 438. Trochilus, II. 438, 439, 447. alexandri, II. 450. anna, II. 454. aureigaster, II. 448. calliope, II. 445. colubris, II. 448. icterocephalus, II. 454. leucotis, II. 466. maculatus, II. 468. mango, II. 440. melanotus, II. 466. platycercus, II. 462. rufus, II. 458. tobaci, II. 468. tobagensis, II. 468. tobago, II. 468. Troglodytes, I. 131, 148. ædon, I. 146, 148, 149, 162. alascensis, I. 149, 157. americanus, I. 136, 149, 151, 153. arundinaceus, I. 141, 142. aztecus, I. 148. bewickii, I. 144, 145, 147. brevirostris, I. 159. fulvus, I. 149. hyemalis, I. 149, 155, 158; III. 508. latisfasciatus, I. 135. leucogaster, I. 147. ludovicianus, I. 142, 146. mexicanus, I. 138. obsoletus, I. 134, 135. pacificus, I. 149, 155, 158. palustris, I. 161. parkmanni, I. 148, 153, 162. spilurus, I. 147. stellaris, I. 158, 159. sylvestris, I. 153. Troglodytidæ, I. 130, 431. Trupialis, II. 148. Tryphæna heloisa, II. 465. Turdidæ, I. 1, 2, 59, 69, 130, 431. Turdinæ, I. 2, 3, 31. Turdus (subgenus), I. 2, 4, 22, 59. aliciæ, I. 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16. aonalaschkæ, I. 20. ater, II. 182, 190. auduboni, I. 5, 7, 15, 16, 21; III. 504. aurocapillus, I. 280, 286. carolinensis, I. 52. confinis, I. 24, 27. coronatus, I. 280. densus, I. 8. fuscescens, I. 4, 6, 9, 15–21. guttatus, I. 18. hudsonius, II. 203. iliacus, I. 22, 23. jamaicensis, I. 24. jugularis, II. 182, 190. labradorius, II. 203. ludovicianus, II. 287. melodus, I. 8. merula, I. 27. migratorius, I. 13, 23–25, 27, 28, 30, 48. minimus, I. 14. minor, I. 3, 14, 18. montanus, I. 32. motacilla, II. 287. musicus, I. 30. mustelinus, I. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 19. nævius, I. 28, 29. nanus, I. 5, 7, 16, 20, 21; III. 504. noveboracensis, II. 203. No. 22, II. 203. olivaceus, I. 14. pallasi, II. 4–7, 11, 12, 14–16, 18, 282. pilaris, I. 23. polyglottus, I. 48, 49. rufus, I. 37, 144. silens, I. 9, 21. swainsoni, I. 4, 5, 7, 11–13, 14, 16–18, 282. trichas, I. 297. ustulatus, I. 5, 7, 13, 15, 16, 20, 46. variegatus, I. 131. virens, I. 306, 307. viscivorus, I. 3, 22. wilsonii, I. 9. Turtur carolinensis, III. 383. leucopterus, III. 376. Tyranni, II. 307. Tyrannidæ, II. 306. Tyrannula acadica, II. 374. caribæa, II. 351. cinerascens, II. 337. coronata, II. 387. crinita, II. 334. flaviventris, II. 378. fusca, II. 343. hammondi, II. 383. minima, II. 372. nigricans, II. 340. obscura, II. 381. pallida, II. 347. phœbe, II. 360. pusilla, II. 362, 366, 378. richardsoni, II. 360. saya, II. 347. Tyrannula trailli, II. 369. virens, II. 357. Tyrannuli, II. 307. Tyrannus, II. 307, 314. acadicus, II. 374. antillarum, II. 332. atriceps, II. 360. borealis, II. 353. carolinensis, II. 315, 316. cassini, II. 327. cooperi, II. 353. couchi, II. 315, 329. crinitus, II. 334. dominicensis, II. 315, 319. forticatus, II. 311. fuscus, II. 343. griseus, II. 319. intrepidus, II. 316. leucogaster, II. 316. ludovicianus, II. 334. matutinus, II. 319. melancholicus, II. 315, 329. mexicanus, II. 311. nigricans, II. 340, 353. phœbe, II. 332, 360. pipiri, II. 316. pusillus, II. 366. savana, II. 309. sayus, II. 347. trailli, II. 369. verticalis, II. 315, 324. virens, II. 357. vociferans, II. 315, 327; III. 521.

Ulula brachyotus, III. 22. cunicularia, III. 90. flammea, III. 13. nebulosa, III. 34. otus, III. 17, 18. passerina, III. 43. virginiana, III. 62. Uraspiza, III. 220, 222. Uroaëtus, III. 312. Urospizia, III. 220, 222. Urubitinga unicincta, III. 249.

Vermivora bachmani, I. 194. celata, I. 202. fulvicapilla, I. 187. nigrescens, I. 258. pennsylvanica, I. 187. peregrina, I. 205. protonotaria, I. 184. rubricapilla, I. 196. solitaria, I. 195. swainsoni, I. 190. Vermivoreæ, I. 178, 183. Vireo, I. 357, 358, 382. atricapillus, I. 358, 382, 383. belli, I. 81, 358, 383, 389. bogotensis, I. 363. carmioli, I. 383. cassini, I. 376. flavifrons, I. 357, 379. flavoviridis, I. 366. gilvus, I. 368. huttoni, I. 358, 383, 387. musicus, I. 385. noveboracensis, I. 357, 358, 383, 385. olivaceus, I. 357, 363. philadelphicus, I. 359, 367. pusillus, I. 358, 383, 391; III. 512. solitarius, I. 357. swainsoni, I. 371. vicinior, I. 358, 383, 393. vigorsii, I. 268. virescens, I. 363. Vireonella, I. 382. gundlachi, I. 382. Vireonidæ, I. 70, 306, 356, 357. Vireosylvia, I. 357, 358. agilis, I. 359. altiloqua, I. 360. barbadense, I. 359. barbatula, I. 357, 359, 360. calidras, I. 358, 359. chivi, I. 359. cobanensis, I. 367. flavifrons, I. 379. flavoviridis, I. 357, 359, 366. gilva, I. 359, 360, 368, 371. gilvus, I. 357. josephæ, I. 360. magister, I. 359. olivacea, I. 357, 359, 363; III. 512. philadelphica, I. 357, 367. plumbea, I. 377. propinquua, I. 373. solitaria, I. 373. swainsoni, I. 360, 371. Vultur albicilla, III. 324, 327. atratus, III. 350, 351. audax, III. 312. aura, III. 343, 344, 351. aura niger, β, III. 351. californianus, III. 338. gryphus, III. 337. iota, III. 345, 351. papa, III. 337. urubu, III. 351. Vulturinæ, III. 335.

Wilsonia, I. 313. minuta, I. 316. pusilla, I. 317.

Xanthocephalus, II. 148, 167. icterocephalus, II. 167. perspicillatus, II. 167. Xanthornus, I. 179, 182. abeillei, II. 184. bullocki, II. 199. gubernator, II. 163. melanocephalus, II. 186. parisorum, II. 188. phœniceus, II. 159. Xanthoura, II. 264, 294. guatemalensis, II. 295. incas, II. 295. luxuosa, II. 295. Xenocraugus, III. 526. albolarvatus, II. 526. Xenopicus, II. 502, 526. albolarvatus, II. 526.

Yunginæ, II. 491. Yphantes, II. 179, 183.

Zebrapicus, II. 553. kaupii, II. 558. Zenaida, III. 375, 378. amabilis, III. 379. aurita, III. 379. hypoleuca, III. 379. leucoptera, III. 376. maculata, III. 379. martinicana, III. 379. montana, III. 393. Zenaideæ, III. 375. Zenaidinæ, III. 357, 374. Zenaidura, III. 375, 381. carolinensis, III. 382, 383. graysoni, III. 382. marginella, III. 383. yucatensis, III. 382. Zonotrichia, I. 530, 565. albicollis, II. 186, 574. aurocapilla, I. 573. belli, I. 593. boucardi, II. 38. cassini, II. 42. chlorura, II. 131. comata, I. 577. coronata, I. 573. fallax, II. 22. fasciata, II. 22. gambeli, I. 566, 569; III. 516. graminea, I. 545. leucophrys, I. 566. melodia, II. 19. monticola, II. 3. pennsylvanica, I. 574. plebeja, II. 47. querula, I. 577. Zygodactyli, II. 469.

Transcriber’s Note:

Words and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, like this; small capital letters were replaced with all capitals. Missing punctuation was added to ends of sentences and abbreviations. Unprinted letters and numbers were added, where appropriate. A description of the illustration on the title page was added. The index of English names and index of scientific names appear only in Volume III; they are reproduced at the end of this book for the convenience of readers. Archaic and obsolete spellings were left unchanged. Also unchanged:

Lake ‘Winnipeg’ is spelled ‘Winnepeg’ in several locations ‘woolly’ is also spelled ‘wooly’ ‘macrourus’ is spelled ‘macrurus’ in several locations ‘Porto Rico’ is used instead of ‘Puerto Rico’ plate number is missing in the original text of sources for Linnæs’s Emerald. ...‘GOULD, Monog. Trochilid. pl. ’... ‘coccygus’ is also spelled ‘coccyzus,’ the latter usually in cites to other works. ‘Pipilo rufipileus’ appears after ‘Ptilogonys’ in the index of scientific names

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and moved to the end of the section in which the related anchors occur.

For consistency, periods were deleted from three abbreviations ending in ‘2d.’ Hyphens were removed from three instances of ‘red-wing’ and hyphens were added to ‘barn-yard’ and ‘cow-yard.’

The top of birds' heads is truncated in the original of several plates.

Obvious printing errors were corrected, such as duplicate words, upside down letters, and letters or spacing in the wrong order. Examples include ‘by. 75 in breadth.’ changed to ‘by .75 in breadth.’ and ‘interrutped’ changed to ‘interrupted.’

Spelling changes:

‘albogularis’ to ‘albigularis’ ...as S. albigularis, though male... ‘erythropthalmus’ changed to ‘erythrophthalmus’, three occurances: ...2. P. erythrophthalmus... ...var. erythrophthalmus... illustration caption: 2135, Pipilo erythropthalmus... ‘supercilioss’ to ‘superciliosa,’ anchor to Footnote [20] ‘sucessively to ‘successively’ ...second and fifth successively,... ‘Lye’ to ‘Lyc’ in Footnote [33] Caption to Plate XXXIV, ‘bullockii’ changed to ‘bullocki’ for consistency with the remaining references in the book ‘Rosalie’ to ‘Rosalia’ ...at Santa Rosalia, where... ‘placeed’ to ‘placed’ ...were placed indifferently... ‘Ianceolate’ to ‘lanceolate’ ‘Teritory’ to ‘Territory’, twice: ...Washington Territory, British Columbia... ...Henry’s Fork, Wyoming Territory,... ‘prompts’ to ‘prompt’ ...is always prompt to perceive... ‘Tyrannis’ to ‘Tyrannus’, caption 2. of plate 43. ‘Nasas’ to ‘Nazas’ and ‘Duvango’ to ‘Durango’ ...and at Rio Nazas, in Durango, by... ‘5.’ to ‘8.’ caption to Plate 45. ‘Jamica’ to ‘Jamaica’ ...to breed in Jamaica.... ‘In’ to ‘It’ ...It measures 1.50 inches... ‘Gambell’ to ‘Gambel’ ...Dr. Gambel, in his paper... ‘breed’ to ‘breeds’ ...[it] possibly breeds there east of the Sierras.... ‘close’ to ‘closed’ ...even in a closed cabinet fades... ‘tranverse’ to ‘transverse’, twice: ...or with a few transverse wrinkles.... ...spots or transverse bars of black... ‘grove’ to ‘groove’ ...with several grooves parallel to culmen.... ‘guczuma’ to ‘guazuma’ ...in a guazuma tree.... ‘Phænopepla’ to ‘Phainopepla’, twice: ...similar to that of the Phainopepla nitens_... and in the index. ‘localties’ to ‘localities’ ...Other localities: Nueces to Brazos... ‘megarrhyncha’ to ‘megarhyncha’ in the index figure number of index entry for Cardinalis ignius changed from ‘0’ to ‘10’ volume number in index entries for Columba fasciata, Columba Flavirostris, Columba leucocephala, Ectopistes migratoria, and Ortalida macalli changed from ‘II’ to III.’

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