A glossary of Tudor and Stuart words, especially from the dramatists (part 2 of 3)

A glossary of Tudor and Stuart words, especially from the dramatists (part 2 of 3)

=gilder,= a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du. gulden, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with n not pronounced, it sounds like gilder to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder).

=gill,= a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill or gill-flirt, gaultiere, ricalde’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or Juliana.

=gilt,= a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Follywit); Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat).

=gilt-head,= a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes marked on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the dorado or dolphin, and the golden wrasse.

=gim,= smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet). In prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.).

=gimcrack,= an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho).

=gimmal,= in pl. gimmals, gimols, joints, links, connecting parts of machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence gimmaled, made with gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49; spelt gymould, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw. III, i. 2. 29. ME. gymew, gymowe, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see note no. 877). OF. gemel (F. gemeau), L. gemellus, twin. See =jimmal-ring.=

=gimmors,= links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer, sb.^{1}).

=gin,= to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 556); gan sort to this, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as above).

=gin,= a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2).

=ging,= a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the Leicester saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them), see EDD. (s.v. Gang, 12). ME. ging(e, a company, a following, retinue (Wars Alex., freq., see Glossarial Index); OE. genge, a following (Chron. A.D. 1070).

=ginglymus,= a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L. ginglymus; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow).

†=ginimony.= Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &c.’, Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic.

=ginniting,= a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See Dict. (s.v. Jenneting).

=gird,= to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; girt, pp. smitten, ‘Through girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; to gird forward, to rush forward, Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. gird, to strike, pierce (Wars Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial Index. See NED. (s.v. Gird, vb.^{2}).

=girdle;= ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle was used to keep up the breeches; see breechgirdle in NED. It also usually had the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the girdle broke.

=girdle-stead,= place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia).

=girl,= a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143. ME. gerle, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back.

=girn,= a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end). See =gern.=

=girt,= to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 65.

=girt,= pp. of =gird,= q.v.

=gist,= pl. gists, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s progress; ‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or Writing that contains the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends to lie upon the Way’, Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. giste (F. gîte), resting- or stopping-place. See =gest.=

=gite,= used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax uses the word gite for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus . . . dond a gite in deepest purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. gyte, a shirt or mantle (?) (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3954); OF. guite (Godefroy).

=giusts,= ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39.

=give on,= to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter, 213.

=given,= pp. with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469; virtuously given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72; ‘cannibally given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200.

=glade:= phr. to go to glade, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr. of Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. glada, to go down, to set (of the sun); see Aasen.

=glaire, glayre,= the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence glaired, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii. 32. ME. gleyre, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. glaire, the white of an egg (Hatzfeld). See =glere.=

=glaster,= to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’ occurs in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to talk indistinctly (EDD.).

=glastynge,= barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24; bk. x, c. 53. For glatising, cp. OF. glatisant, pres. pt. of glatir, to cry aloud, howl (Ch. Rol. 3527).

=glaver,= to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle, talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.^{1} 2). ME. glavir, chattering (Wars Alex. 5504).

=glaymy,= sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME. gleymy (Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); gleyme, ‘gluten’, gleymows, ‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193).

=glaze,= to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2. Hence, Glaze-worm, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. glasyn, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS).

=glaze,= to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) gläse, ‘stieren, scharf u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart).

=glaziers,= eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor), Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=glee:= in phr. gold and glee; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By you’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps glee in this phr. refers to the bright colour of gold; see NED.

=gleeke,= a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand (NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth). OF. glic (ghelicque). Probably adopted fr. Du. gelyk, ‘like’ (Sewel); cp. G. gleich.

=gleering,= casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale, on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor).

=glent,= glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 993.

=glent,= a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687.

=glere,= the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See =glaire.=

=glib,= to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See =lib.=

=glibbery,= slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. glibberig, slippery (Sewel).

=glidder,= to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).

=glimpse, glimse,= to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton, Barons’ Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii, st. 46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of the evening’ (EDD.).

=glint,= slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 572. Cp. Swed. dial. glinta, to slip on ice (Rietz).

=gloat, glote,= to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED.

=glode,= pt. t., glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. glood, glided, went quickly (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2094); OE. glād, pt. t. of glīdan.

=glomming,= ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1 (end); ‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’, Palsgrave.

=glooming,= gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305.

=glore,= to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus, i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. glora, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also Swed. dial. (Rietz).

=glorious,= vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. gloriosus, vainglorious.

=glory,= to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16; ‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108.

=glote;= see =gloat.=

=gnarl,= to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain, ‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp. north Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’ (EDD.).

=gnarre,= to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.). Gnarren is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the Bremen Wtb. (EDD.).

=gnast,= to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi, c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. gnastyn, ‘fremo, strideo’ (Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946).

=gnathonical,= resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1).

=gnoff, gnuff,= a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1; gnuffe, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride, st. 5. ME. gnof, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3188). Cp. Low G. gnuffig, knuffig, rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED.

=go to pot;= see =pot.=

=goawle,= gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with joawles, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla tumescunt). Norm. F. goule (F. gueule), L. gula, the gullet.

=gob,= a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In prov. use (EDD.).

=go bet,= go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. Go bet, lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look sharp’ or ‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg. Good Women, Dido, 288. Once common. ME. bet, better (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 714), OE. bet.

=go by, Jeronimo,= or =go by,= i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself. Finding his application to the king improper at the moment, he says: ‘Hieronimo, beware! go by, go by.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9.

=go less,= to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 (La Writ).

=God before,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2. 370. See =God to fore.=

=god den,= good evening; God you god den, God (give) you good e’en, Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; God dig-you-den, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; God gi’ god-den, Romeo, i. 2. 58; god den, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120. Still in use in Scotland and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Good-den).

=God to fore,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 2. 69. ME. God to-forn (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See =God before.=

=god-phere,= a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp. the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer).

=gofe,= the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E. Anglia goaf (gofe, goff) is used for the bay of a barn, and for the corn or hay laid up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.^{1} 1 and 4). ME. golf of corne, ‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no. 893); Icel. gōlf, a floor, apartment, cp. Dan. gulv, a bay of a barn. See =gove, gulfe.=

=goggle, gogle,= to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120.

=gold,= marigold; corn marigold; golds, pl., corn marigold, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 25; gouldes, id. § 20. 25; gooldes, Spenser, Colin Clout, 341. ME. golde, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1929; goolde, ‘solsequium, elitropium’ (Prompt. EETS. see note, no. 892); golde, the sunflower (Gower, C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. golde, ‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6).

=gold-end man,= a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B. Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude).

=goldfinch,= a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).]

=gold-finder,= a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. gold-digger, a ‘jakesman’, and gold-dust, ordure, Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and 2)).

=gold-weights,= small weights, for weighing small portions of gold. Hence, to the gold-weights (weighed even down to grains, even in small particulars), B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See =caract.=

=golilla,= a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. golilla, ‘a little Band worn in Spain, starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’ (Stevens); gola, the gullet, L. gula.

=golls,= hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto); Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1 (Vindici). Still in use in Essex (EDD.).

=golpol,= prob. for gold-poll (cp. goldilocks); a term of endearment for a child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau).

=gomme,= a god-mother; ‘Commere . . . a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. gome, ‘a godmoder’ (Cath. Angl. 161).

=gong,= ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a draught, ortrait’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, forica’, Levins, Manipulus. ME. gonge (Chaucer, C. T. I. 885); OE. gong (gang), ‘secessus’ (Ælfric Gl.).

=good cheap,= cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p. 42); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. good chep(e (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 641). Cp. F. à bon marché. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap).

=good fellow,= a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit); Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host).

=good year=(=s,= used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation, ‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i. 3. 1; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression, ‘What the goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder what the goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect) ‘Wat to ’m goden Jaar?, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte Handlungen wundert’ (Dähnert).

=goom,= a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109. ME. gome, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE. guma.

=gords;= see =gourdes.=

=gorebelly,= a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence gorbellied, fat, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93.

=gorreau,= the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246. 1. OF. goherel, gorel, gorreau, a yoke (Godefroy); gorriau, ‘collier de cheval’ (Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2).

=Gospel-tree.= ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are in many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109).

=gossampine,= a cotton-like substance, made from the Bombax pentandrum. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1; Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. gossympinus, a cotton-tree (Pliny).

=gossander,= the ‘goosander’, Mergus merganser. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65. With the suffix -ander cp. bergander, an old name for the sheldrake, and the ON. önd, pl. ander, a duck (NED.).

=gossip,= a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict.

=gouland, gowland,= a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds of Ranunculus, Caltha, and Trollius. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, 1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland expression; see EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d).

=gourdes,= false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise . . . of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they lyste’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt gords, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. gourd, ‘fourberie’ (Godefroy).

=gove,= to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. golvyn, ‘arconiso’ (Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. gulve, to stack in the bay of a barn. See =gofe.=

=gow,= for go we, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; gaw, let’s be gone, Triumphs of Love and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still common in the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany the speaker, see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. gowe (P. Plowman, B, Prol. 226).

=gowked,= stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp. ‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied fig. to a fool, simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. goke, ‘cuculus’ (Cath. Angl.), Icel. gaukr, cp. G. gauch.

=gowles,= ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. goules (F. gueules). See Dict. (s.v. Gules).

=gowndy,= (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 34; gunny, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. gownde off þe eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. gund, matter of a sore.

=gownest,= for gownist, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53.

=grabble,= to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He . . . keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’ (i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. grabbelen, to scramble, or to catch that catch may (Hexham).

=Gracious Street,= Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley); Fair Maid of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally Grass Church, ‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet, called Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 80).

=grail, grayle,= the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle and Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 441. ME. grayle, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. graël, Eccles. L. gradale, graduale. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual).

=grain,= the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; to dye in grain, to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour, hence, in grain, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255; grain, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens. 33. F. graine, ‘grain wherewith cloth is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. grana, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’ (Ducange).

=grained,= ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90.

=grain,= a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5; grains, the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three graines like an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs, Drayton, Pol. i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree, and the prong or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.^{1} 1 and 5). Icel. grein, a branch of a tree, an arm of the sea.

=grained staff,= a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 41. 9.

=graithe,= to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7. In common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.). ME. graythe, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel. greiða.

=grammates,= rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3 (Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet.

=grandguard,= a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72.

=graner,= a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258.

=grange,= a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England the term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one standing by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict.

†=gratuling,= congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. gratuler, L. gratulari, to congratulate.

=Grave,= a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. Grave, an Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. Graf.

†=graved.= ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a misprint for grayed, become grey; see =graye.=

=gravelled,= stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You Like It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177, n. 1).

=gray,= a badger; grice of a gray, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in the north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Grey, sb.^{1} 6). ME. grey, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note).

=graye,= to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’ (Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.).

=grease;= see =greece.=

=greave,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, boscaige’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’ occurs in local names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word in EDD. ME. greve (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1507), OE. grǣfa, a bush (Chron. 852).

=grece,= a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); greese, a single step or stair in a flight, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); greise, Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv. 3. 16; Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘Eschelette, a small step or greece’, Cotgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Grees). ME. grees, steps, stairs (Wyclif, Acts xxi. 35). OF. grés, pl. of gré, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La Curne), L. gradus, a step. See =gressinges.=

=gredaline;= see =gridelin.=

=gree,= a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). To win the gree, to win the highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x, ch. 21. See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.^{1}). ME. gree (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF. gré, ‘degré, rang’ (La Curne).

=gree,= favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; in gree, with goodwill or favour, kindly, in good part: to take in gree, F. Q. v. 6. 21; to receive in gree, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. en gré, in good part (Cotgr., s.v. Gré), L. gratum, a pleasant thing.

=gree,= short for agree. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6. 130 (W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh. Sonn. cxiv.

=greece, herte of,= a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime condition. Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See =hart of grease.=

=green,= youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7; raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 61.

=green gown;= to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon the grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3 (Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough).

=green lion,= a stage in the process of transmutation of metals. B. Jonson, ii. 1 (Face).

=Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,= the names of a once well-known ballad and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 4 (Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398.

=greete,= to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1; weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Greet, vb.^{1}). ME. greten, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. grǣtan (Anglian, grētan), to weep.

=grement,= ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1.

=gresco,= an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [or 2] (Touchstone); see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre).

=gresle,= slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. gresle (F. grêle); L. gracilis, slender.

=gressinges,= steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Grissens). See =grece.=

=grewnde,= a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603); Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; grewhound, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi (NED.). ME. gre-hownde (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. greyhundr, also, grey, a greyhound. See NED. (s.v. Greund).

=grice,= a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘Marcassin, a young wild boar . . . or grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the Grice’ (i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62. Also, the young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see =gray=). Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. gryse, pygge, ‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel. grīss, a young pig; so Norw. dial. gris (Aasen).

=grice;= see =grece.=

=gride,= for grided, pp. of gride, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1491.

=gridelin,= of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343. Spelt gredaline, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. gridelin, for gris de lin (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld.

=grill, gryll,= fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. gril, fierce (Cursor M. 719); Low G. grel(l, angry (Koolman).

†=grindle-tail,= a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for trindle-tail (trundle-tail). See NED.

=gripe,= a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea, ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. grip, griffin. See =gryphon.=

=gripe’s egg,= a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. gripes ey (Gower, C. A. i. 2545).

=gripple,= greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton, Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. gripel.

=gris-amber,= ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict. (s.v. Amber).

=grisping,= twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. in the gropsing of the evening, in the dusk, Records Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD.

=grissel, gristle,= a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’, Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3).

=groin,= the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding, Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. groyn, a pig’s snout (Chaucer, C. T. I. 158). O. Prov. gronh, ‘groin, museau’ (Levy). See =Groyne.=

=groin,= to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27; groyning, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. groynen, to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2460). OF. grogner, to grunt, L. grunnire.

=groom-porter,= an officer of the royal household (till the time of George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and dice. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don Sebastian, l. 24.

=grought,= growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101; xxiii. 289.

=ground,= the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also, the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The tenor-part, the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at Welbeck, 2 Chorus.

=grout,= coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. grautr, porridge.

=grout-head, growthead,= a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry (ed. 1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 39; ‘Il a une grosse teste, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’, Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’ (thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.).

=groutnoll,= a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife).

=growt,= great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du. groot, great.

=groyle,= to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. graditur), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, groyl, one who is ever on the move, id., iv 179. F. grouiller, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.).

=Groyne, the,= name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain. De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent., ‘Vocatur Le Groyne; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls Ser. i. 112). See =groin.=

=grubble,= to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio).

=grudgins,= coarse meal; ‘Annone, meslin or grudgins, the corne whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.). Cp. F. grugeons, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See =gurgeons.=

=grum,= surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. grum, proud, haughty (Aasen), Dan. grum, fierce, angry.

†=grumbledory,= a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo).

=grunter,= a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=grunting-cheat,= a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from cheat, a cant word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also gruntling-cheat, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat.=

=grutch,= to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus, fo. cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng, Je grommelle’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. grucche (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3863). OF. (Picard) groucher (OF. grocer), ‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher).

=gryphon,= a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt gryfon, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8. F. ‘griffon, a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.).

=G-sol-re-ut,= in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable sol when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to the syllable re in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the syllable ut when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 11, p. 104.

=guard,= an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado, i. 1. 289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the edge of the cloth from fraying’, NED.

=guarish,= to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF. guarir, garir (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. garir, ‘guérir, préserver, sauver’ (Levy).

=gubbe,= a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 31; gubs, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 632 (Lat. saniem).

=gudgeon,= a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. to swallow a gudgeon, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD.

=gue,= a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED. as used by Richard Brathwaite in his Honest Ghost, in two passages, first, of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of familiar endearment, ‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139. The word occurs in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’, iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico); ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same word as F. gueux, a beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts.

=guerie, guierie,= sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’, id., Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See =gere= (2) and =gery.=

=guerison,= cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i. 466. F. guérison; OF. guarison, garison (Bartsch), Anglo-F. gariscun (Gower, Mirour, 420). See =guarish.=

=guess;= see =gesse.=

=guidon,= a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st. 24. F. guidon, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of men at arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); guydon (Rabelais). O. Prov. guidon, guizon, étendard (Levy); Ital. ‘guidóne, a guidon, a banner or cornet’ (Florio).

=guie, guy,= to guide, lead; also gye, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, i. 49; guide (for guyed), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME. gye, to guide (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1950); Anglo-F. guïer (Ch. Rol.).

=guisarme,= a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. guisarme, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou demi-pique’ (Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme).

=guitonen,= a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight). Span. guiton, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a Pilgrim, only to live idle’ (Stevens).

=guives,= fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. guives, gyves (French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89).

=gulch,= to swallow or devour greedily; ‘Ingorgare, to engurgle, . . . to gulch’ (Florio); gulch, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’, Cotgrave. The verb ‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of England from Yorkshire to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. gulchen (Ancren Riwle, 240).

=gule,= to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p. 357. See Dict. (s.v. Gules).

=gulfe,= a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding, Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See =gofe.=

=gull,= to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do, je engoule’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. gullen, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham).

=gull,= a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm. Golding, Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And hilles by force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).

=gummed;= see =fret.=

=gundolet,= for gondolet, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Piero). It occurs twice in this scene.

=gunny;= see =gowndy.=

=gun-hole groat,= some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 66.

=gunstone,= a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2.

=gup, guep,= an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell, gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See =marry gip.=

=gurgeons,= coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154); ‘Gurgions of meal, cibarium secundarium’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in the S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See =grudgins.=

=gutter,= of a stag’s horn; see =antlier.=

=Guttide,= Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for Shrovetide; goodit in Staffordshire. Orig. good tide, see EDD. (s.v. Gooddit).

=guzzle,= a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately, Bride Bush, 114 (Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in Sussex and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.^{1} 1).

=gymnosophist,= one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits. B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked philosophers of India (Aristotle).

H

=ha and ree,= words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); hey and ree, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell (s.v. Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid the leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v. Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the phrase neither heck nor ree, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither heck nor ree’, i.e. he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite unmanageable, see EDD. (s.v. Heck, int.). See =hay-ree= and =hayte and ree,= also =gee and ree.=

=hab,= to have; nab, not to have; hence, phr. by habs and by nabs, at random; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon hab or nab, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have them anyhow (EDD.). See =hab-nab.=

=haberdash,= small wares. Spelt haburdashe, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares). Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. hapertas, the name of a fabric (Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher).

=habiliment,= outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See =abiliments.=

=habilitate,= legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15). Med. Lat. habilitare, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare, instituere’ (Ducange).

=habilitation,= endowment with ability or fitness; qualification, training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8.

=habilitie,= ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2.

=hable, habile,= ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v. Able).

=hab-nab,= have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the taking one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See EDD. (s.v. Hab, adv., 1). See =hab.=

=hache,= axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F. hache, an axe, O. Prov. apcha (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. heppa (for *happi̯a), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ).

=hackle,= to hack about, to mangle. Hackled, pp.; North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1).

=hackster, haxter,= a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat, bravo, bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires, iv. 4. 60; haxter, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger).

=hacqueton;= see =haqueton.=

=had I wist,= if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal, iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. hadde I wist: ‘Upon his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’, Gower (C. A. i. 1888).

=hade,= a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable lands having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field of Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.^{1}).

=hæmeræ,= for =hemeræ,= pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2 (D.). For ephemera, Med. L. ephemera, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of ἐφήμερος, lasting or living but a day.

=hæmony.= Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably with a theological allusion).

=haft,= to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat, id., Bowge of Courte, 521; hence hafter, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of Courte, 138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit, dissimulation, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{3}).

=hafter,= a wrangler; ‘Vitilitigator, an hafter, a wrangler, a quarreller’, Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580.

=hag,= to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed. 1748, p. 108); spelt haggue, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 95.

=haggard,= a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage. Much Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and unreclaimed Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. hagard, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’ (Cotgr.).

=hailse,= to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel. heilsa, to salute.

=haine, hayne,= a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, § 106; Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, haynyarde, a mean wretch, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1748. ME. heyne, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1319).

=hair:= in phr. against the hair, against the grain, contrary to nature. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of Queenborough, iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42.

=hala;= see =heloe.=

=hale, hall,= a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a long tent in a felde, tente’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and tentes’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161, n. 8). ME. hale, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no. 961). OF. hale (F. halle), a covered market-place.

=hale and ho,= pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur, leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. halyn or drawyn, ‘traho’ (Prompt. EETS. 230).

=half-acre,= a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact size of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow . . . flinging about his halfe-aker’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C. ix. 2, p. 156). At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced habaker, is a term employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD. (s.v. Half, 6 (1)).

=halfendeale,= half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset word (EDD.). ME. halvendel, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 335). OE. healfan dǣl, the half ‘deal’ or part.

=half-pace;= see =halpace.=

=halidom:= orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to ‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old edds. of Shaks. we find holydam(e due to association with dame, the phrase being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see NED. OE. hāligdōm, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic.

=Hallowmas,= the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt Hallomas, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (Hallontide, id., § 21. 1); Meas. for Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in Scotland; also in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)).

=halpace,= a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606); ‘On the altar an halpas . . . and on the halpas stood twelve images’, Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology half-pace, the uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) hault pas (haut pas), high step.

=halse, haulse,= to embrace. Pt. t. haulst, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49; ‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, je accolle’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. halsyn, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of hals, the neck, OE. heals (hals). See =hause.=

=haltersack,= a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares.

=hame,= a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603); also hawme, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. halme, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt. EETS. 212). OE. healm (Anglian halm).

=hamper up,= to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750); scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.).

=han,= pres. pl. have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Have). ME. han: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi. 29); hafen (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. habben (hæbben), pres. pl. subj. (Wright, OE. Gram., § 538).

=hand:= phr. to hand with, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 (Grimaldi).

=hand over head,= inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily, indiscriminately; ‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Hand, 2 (8)).

=hands:= phr. to shake hands with, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye to; ‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising, ‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’]

=handsel, hansel,= a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As vb., to use for the first time, ‘My lady . . . is so ravished with desire to hansel her new coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to hansel’, meaning ‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England fr. Northumberland to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12).

=handwolf,= a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor).

=handydandy,= a children’s game, in which one child conceals something between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is. ‘Handy dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy).

=hane,= a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai; ‘Hanes to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. 84; ‘Hanes for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57 (Nares). See =cane.=

=hang-by,= a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed. Arber, p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans). In prov. use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)).

=hanger,= a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was hung. Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew).

=hank,= a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon you’, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.^{1} 7).

=Hans-in-kelder,= a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden, Wild Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon); Marvell, The Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch Hans in Kelder, lit. ‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast Hänschen im Keller soll leben, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken auf eine schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. Hänsken im Keller (Wtb.).

=happily,= perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1. 134; ii. 2. 402.

=haqueton, hacqueton,= a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. aketoun (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2050); OF. auqueton, alquetun, O. Prov. alcoton, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée, originairement en coton’ (Levy); Span. algodon, Port. algodão, cotton, Arab, al-qotun, see Dozy, Glossaire, 127.

=haras, harres,= a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. haras, a stud of horses (Hatzfeld); Med. L. haracium, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’ (Ducange). Arab. faras, horse; cp. O. Span. alfaras, ‘cavallo generoso’; see Dozy, 108.

=harass,= harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257.

=harborough,= ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19; Tanered and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85. See =herberow.=

=harborowe,= to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; harbord, pp. lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict. (s.v. Harbour).

=hardel,= a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122; fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to be drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’, Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222).

=hardocks,= some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed. 1623), Lear is ‘Crown’d . . . with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo flowres, Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining Corne.’ As Hardokes are not known, I suggest that the right word is Hawdods; indeed, the quartos have hordocks. The hawdod (described by Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the most showy and attractive of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see EDD. The prefix haw means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. hǣwe, blue.

=hare:= phr. there goeth the hare, ‘That’s the direction in which the hare goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse Doctrine); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘Hic labor, hoc opus est, there goeth the hare away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70).

=hare,= to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame Turfe). In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD. (s.v. Hare, vb.).

†=harlock,= an unknown flower; perhaps for hawdod, the blue cornflower. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34. Harlocks is a conjectural emendation for hardokes in King Lear, iv. 4. 4. See =hardocks.=

=harlot,= a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii. 2. 112. ME. harlot, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal (Chaucer), see Dict. M. and S.; OF. herlot, arlot, ribaud (Godefroy); O. Prov. arlot, ‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict.

=harman-beck,= a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =hartmans.=

=harness,= the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; BIBLE, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii. 34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he went into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book. ME. harneys, armour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1006). See Dict.

=harnest,= harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70.

=harpè,= a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus); vol. iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. harpē; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle, a scimitar.

=harper, harp-shilling,= a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp, and worth only 9_d._ in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain harp-shilling’, Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster, Sir T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom).

=harre,= a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’, Cotgrave; out of harre, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton. Magnyfycence, 921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Harr, 3). ME. Harre of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. heorr.

=harres;= see =haras.=

=Harrington,= a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). See Nares.

=harriot,= a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE. heregeatwe, lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot).

†=harrolize,= to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He harrolized well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4.

=harrot,= a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Sogliardo); Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. heraut, herault. See NED.

=harrow,= interj., a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I wol crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. A. 3286); Norm. F. harou, ‘Le cri ou la clameur de haro ou de harou était un appel public à la justice et à la protection’ (Moisy); see Didot.

=harrow,= to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with reference to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the rescue thence of the patriarchs, &c., as described in the pseudo-gospel of Nicodemus. See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in Notes to P. Plowman, C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411).

=Harry-groat,= a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).

=hart of grece,= a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’, Adam Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the Curtal Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece).

=hart-of-ten,= a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the tines, is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched, and then auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and troched on that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’, Venery de Twety, in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311.

=hartmans, harmans,= the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =harman-beck.=

=haskard,= a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id., Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED.

=haske,= a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16 (explained as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’); ‘Cavagna, a fishers basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask).

=hatch,= a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King Lear, iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the door’), Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end.

=hatched,= inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii. 5; ‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple).

=hatchel,= to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘Serancer, to hatchel flax, &c., to comb, or dress it on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.).

=hate,= for ha’ it, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt ha ’t, riming with gate; Parliament of Bees, character 3.

=hatter,= to bruise, batter; hatter out, to wear out, exhaust with fatigue. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).

=haught,= lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II, iii. 2 (Baldock); haulte, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch. 5, § 2; haut, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. haut, halt, high.

=haulse;= see =halse.=

=haulte;= see =haught.=

=haunt,= to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878, p. 155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’ or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv. 7). Norm. F. hanter, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel. heimta, to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the New Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD. (s.v. Haunt, 4).

=hause,= to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’, Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country pronunciation; see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See =halse.=

†=hauster,= gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim the Collier, iv. 1 (Grim).

=haut;= see =haught.=

=hauzen,= to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce, p. 585. See =hause.=

=havell,= a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt hawvel (NED.). Origin of the word unknown.

=having,= possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 379. Havings, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Asotus). ‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.).

=haviour,= possession, wealth; havoir, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41; havour, Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘Havoire, possession.’ ME. havure, or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. aveir, property (Moisy); avoir, property, goods (Gower).

=haviour,= ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict. (s.v. Behaviour).

=havok:= phr. to cry havok, to give the signal for the pillage of a captured town; ‘They . . . did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of Troyes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273. Anglo-F. crier havok (A.D. 1385), OF. crier havo (A.D. 1150), see NED. (s.v. Havoc).

=hawdod,= the corn bluebottle, Centaurea cyanus. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 28; haudoddes, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. hǣwe, blue (in Erfurt Gl. hāwi), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See =hardocks.=

=hawker,= to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620.

=hay:= phr. to carry hay on one’s horn, to be mad or dangerous; from an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace, Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176.

=hay, hey,= a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth) a dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’, Norden, Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is the term used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. hay, a hedge (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 54). OE. hege, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. haie, hedge (Rom. Rose, 50).

=hay, hey,= a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’, Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry); ‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v. 39).

=hay,= interj., a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. hai, thou hast (Florio); cp. L. habet; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded.

=hay-de-guy= (=-guise=)=,= a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. Heydeguyes, pl., Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’, Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees).

=haye,= a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly); Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. Hay-net is still in use in Kent and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. hay, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS. 211).

=hay-ree,= a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in Derbyshire (EDD.). See =ha and ree.=

=hayte and ree,= words used by a carter in urging on or directing his horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384). In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go on (id.). ME. hayt: ‘Hayt, Brok!, hayt, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1543). Cp. Swed. dial. häjt, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the left. Rietz (s.v. Hit).

=haytye,= defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of ahatine in the F. text). F. aatie, ahatie, ‘haine, querelle, provocation, engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also aatine, ahatine, from ahatir (aatir), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un combat, accepter une provocation’ (Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see Ducange. Cp. s’ahastir, ‘se hâter’ (Moisy).

=haze,= for ha ’s = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3 (Roister).

=hazelwood.= ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne, in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes shaken’, i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same poem, v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’.

=head,= intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med. (ed. Greenhill, 36).

=headless hood.= In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So vainely t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here hood, i.e. state, condition, is the usual suffix -hood, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = heedlesshood’, but Spenser elsewhere always distinguishes between headless and heedless, NED.

=heal,= to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’, ‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See EDD. (s.v. Heal, vb.^{2}). ME. helen, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2279). OE. helian, to hide. See =unhele.=

=heale,= health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46); well-being, prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.^{1}). ME. hele, health, recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE. hǣlo.

=hear ill,= to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end); Dedication of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill spoken of.

=heardgroom, herdgroom,= a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 35. Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’).

=hearse,= a structure of wood used in noble funerals, decorated with banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was customary for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this sable hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2. See Dict.

=heart at grass:= phr. to take heart at grasse; ‘Rise, therefore, Euphues, and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke up thy stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, 24. See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace).

=heart of grace:= phr. to take heart of grace; ‘His absence gave him so much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of grace, man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3).

=heart-breaker,= a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1, 253.

=heautarit,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. ʿuṭârid, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass).

=heave a bough,= rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘To heve a bough, to robbe or rifle a boeweth [booth]’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84.

=heave and ho,= a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &c.; hence, with might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they shout’, Phaer, Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252.

=heben,= ebony; ‘Hebene, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood of a certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave; heben wood, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. hebenus, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony tree; cp. Heb. hobnîm, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15).

=hebenon,= name given to some substance having a poisonous juice, Hamlet, i. 5. 62; hebon, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp. Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis . . . Quo cubat ipse deus membris languore solutis.’

=hecco,= the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80; ‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. heckwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hickwall).

=heckfer,= a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare, bucula’, Levins, Manip. ME. hekfere, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula, juvenca’ (Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer).

=heedling,= headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621, 170).

=heft,= weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need, emergency; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5. In common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means weight, esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the hand, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{1} 1).

=heggue,= a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23; ‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31.

=heir,= to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161.

=hell,= the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and Prison-bars; ‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See =barley-break.=

=hell-waine,= a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886, 122). In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called Hellewagen, see Grimm, Teut. Myth. 802.

=helm,= the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).

=helm,= a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict.

=helmster,= the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571.

=helo=(=e, healo,= bashful; ‘Il est né tout coiffé, hee is verie maidenlie, shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘Honteux, shamefast, bashful, helo, modest’, id.; ‘Heloe or helaw, bashful, a word of common use’, Ray, North Country Words, 25; hala, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In common prov. use in the north country as far south as Cheshire and Derbysh. (EDD.).

=helops,= a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L. helops, ellops; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See =ellops.=

=hempstring,= a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference to a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young hemp-string’, Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland (Forfarsh.) a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.).

†=hemule, hemuse,= a roebuck in its third year. Hemule, Book of St. Albans, fol. E4, back; hemuse, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See NED.

=hench-boy,= a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph, Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); hinch-boy, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. henchman, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii. 1. 121; ‘A henchman or henchboy, page d’honneur, qui marche devant quelque Seigneur de grand authorité (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS. (note, no. 999).

=hend,= to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror for Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. ge-hendan, to hold in the hand.

=hent,= to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. hent, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. hent, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6. 14; caught, taken, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. hente, to seize (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3347); OE. hentan.

=her,= their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. here (her) of them, their (Chaucer); OE. hira; see Dict. M. and S.

=herber,= a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after Prologue, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. herber, a garden (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v. Arbour).

=herberow,= a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c. 25; herborowe, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back, 19; bk. v, c. 11. ME. herberwe, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour (Chaucer). Icel. herbergi, lit. army-shelter. See =harborough.=

=herden,= made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.).

=heriot;= see =harriot.=

=herneshaw,= a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘Heronceau, an hernshawe’, Palsgrave; hernesewe, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580; heronsew, Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For numerous prov. pronunciations of the word, which is in common use from the north country to Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. heronsewe (Chaucer, C. T. F. 68); Anglo-F. herouncel (Rough List).

=herring-bones,= stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20.

=hersall,= rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18.

=herse,= a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular formation), Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. herce, a harrow (Cotgr.); Ital. erpice; L. hirpex (irpex). See Dict. (s.v. Hearse).

=hery, herry,= to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal., Feb., 62; Nov., 10; herried, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 347. ME. herie, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE. herian.

=Hesperides,= the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’, L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56; p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.).

=hew,= a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49.

=hewte,= a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE. hiewet, a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. copse, from OF. coper, to cut.

=hey;= see =hay.=

=heydeguyes;= see =hay-de-guy.=

=heyward,= an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. heyward, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.). See =hay= (hedge).

=hiccius doctius,= a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation of Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick, a cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580.

=hidder and shidder,= male and female animals. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 211. Hidder = he-der, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; shidder = she-der, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD. (s.v. He, 10 (6)).

=high-copt,= high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See =coppe.=

=high-lone,= entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo, i. 3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares . . . were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760 (NED.).]

=highmen,= loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, videlicet, high men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.

=hight,= to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid, i. 290. In Chaucer we find highte, pt. t. of hote, to promise (Tr. and Cr. v. 1636; C. T. E. 496); OE. hēht (hēt), pt. t. of hātan to promise, to bid, command. See =hot= (=hote=).

=hight,= pr. and pt. t., is or was called; ‘I hight’, I am named, Peele, Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She Queene of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the great king hight it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the form being due to ME. hight (promised, commanded), see above. In Chaucer we find hight, ‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417, and 725). But we also find the regular form hatte for both pres. and pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797; H. Fame, 1303). OE. hātte, is or was called, pr. and pt. t. of hātan. This is the only trace of the old passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth. haitada, I am called.

=higre,= the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482. Med. L. Higra in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus quidam quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem vel vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre).

=hild,= to heel over, to lean over; ‘I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v. Heald, vb.^{1} 1). ME. hilde, to incline; heldyn, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE. hieldan (late WS. hyldan, Kentish heldan), to incline. See NED. (s.v. Hield).

=hilding,= a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man, All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo, iii. 5. 169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s Livy, xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares.

=hill,= to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; hild, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472. In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Hill, vb.^{2}). ME. hyllyn, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); hile (Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel. hylja, to cover.

=himp,= to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander, § 57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. himp-, in himphamp, ‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen).

=hinch-boy;= see =hench-boy.=

=hine,= a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller, Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.^{1}). ME. hyne (Wyclif, John x. 12). OE. hī(w)na man, a man of the household, of the servants; hī(w)na, gen. pl. of hīwan, domestics.

=hing,= to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north and midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. hinge, to hang, to be hung (Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. hengja (causal vb.).

=hinny,= to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3 (Busy).

=hippocras,= a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); Hypocrace, ‘vinum myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; ipocras, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV. (Wks. ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. ipocras (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1807); see note in Wks., v. 361. OF. ipocras, ypocras, forms of the Greek proper name Hippocrates, a famous physician, died B.C. 357. The cordial was so called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED. (s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford.

=hippodame,= a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster, F. Q. ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’, or sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis . . . Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form hippodame, Spenser was probably thinking of hippotame, ME. ypotame, hippopotamus (K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus).

=hippogrif,= a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. ippogrifo (Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’ in Hoole’s Ariosto, iv. 125.

=Hiren,= a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of ‘The Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED. The initial H is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene (F. Irène), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce, p. 341. This play by Peele is lost.

=his,= after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer; ‘Secretaries to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his Queen’, Bacon, Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P. Plowman, C. xix. 236, p. 381. See Nares.

=histriomastix,= a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is to the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W. Prynne, published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was pilloried. L. histrio, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge.

=hizz,= to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).

=ho,= a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr. out of all ho, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In Yorkshire they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no moderation, he is not to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of ‘immoderately’ is a common phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Ho, sb.^{1} 5). ME. ho, cessation, in phr. withouten ho (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares.

=hob,= a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From elves, hobs, and fairies . . . From fire-drakes and fiends . . . Defend us, good heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore connected with the sprite called Hob, see EDD. Hob is a familiar or rustic abbreviation of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 123, ‘To beg of Hob and Dick’. See Nares.

=hoball,= a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); ‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, haebes, barbus’, Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a blockhead, see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.^{1}).

=hobby,= a small kind of hawk; ‘Hobreau, the hawke tearmed a hobby’, Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; hobies, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Governour, cap. xviii. ME. hoby, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF. hobe, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Hobereau).

=hobby,= a small or middle-sized horse; ‘Hobin, a hobbie, a little ambling horse’, Cotgrave; hobby-headed, shaggy-headed like a hobby or small pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.^{1} 1), also in Ireland, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274.

=hobby-horse.= In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the performer, who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the performer. L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph).

=hobler,= for =hobbler,= a child’s top that wobbles, or spins unsteadily. Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus).

=hob-man-blind,= a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon, iii. (Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite, hobgoblin, see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.^{1} 4 (2)).

=hock-cart,= the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem, entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares); see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’, the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v. Hockey, sb.^{1} 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. hokk (pl. hokken), a heap of sheaves (Berghaus). See =hooky.=

=Hock-day,= the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). Hock Monday, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec^{d} of the women upon Hoc Monday 5_s._ 2_d._’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann. 1578, see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt Hough-munday, Arden of Feversham, iv. 3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{2} 1 (2)).

=hoddydoddy,= a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65. See EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3).

=hoddypeke,= a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat); Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; huddypeke, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326.

=hodermoder, in,= in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; in huddermother, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt huddermudder, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; hudther-mudther, Golding, Metam. xiii. 15.

=hodmandod,= a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon, Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in various parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped person, (3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow (EDD.).

=hogrel, hoggerel,= a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a yong shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.).

=hog-rubber,= a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 2 (Moll).

=hoiden,= a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton, Colasterion (Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘Badault, a fool, dolt, sot, fop, ass, coxcomb, gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. heyden, ‘homo agrestis et incultus’ (Kilian).

=hoigh, on the,= in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1 (Sir Francis). Hoigh = hoy, an interjectional cry denoting excitement.

=hoit,= to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2 (Dorimant); Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool; ‘hoyting’, riotous and noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit, vb.^{1} 4).

=hokos pokos,= a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp. G. hokuspokus, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul.

=Hole, the;= See =counter= (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque (printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in prison ‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he runs through his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper ward’. He asks ‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why, to the Twopenny Ward; . . . or, if you will, you may go into the Hole, and there you may feed for nothing.’ See =basket.=

=Hollantide,= the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.); All-holland-tide, Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v. Hallantide). OE. Hālgena tīd, the Saints’ Season.

=holt,= a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3 (Sul. Shepherd). ME. holt, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 6). OE. holt, a wood (Beowulf).

=Holyrood, Holyrode-day,= the Festival of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52.

=honest,= chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107; ‘Like as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49.

=honniken,= a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here honniken is equated to needy knave. Evidently connected with MHG. hone, a despised person, one who lives in shame and contempt; cp. G. hohn, scorn, derision.

=honorificabilitudinitatibus.= Given as a specimen of a long word, L. L. L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool).

=hooch,= a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67). ‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. huche, ‘cista, archa’ (Prompt.); see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See =hutch.=

=hoodman-blind,= the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii. 4. 77; hudman-blind, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the hood used to blind the man. Cp. hoodman, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.]

=hooky, hooky,= a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey, sb.^{1}). See =hock-cart.=

=hoop,= to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to whoop.) Hence, Hooping, a cry of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203. ME. howpe, to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. B. 4590), OF. huper (later houper).

=hoove;= see =hove.=

=hope,= expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235; Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando); iv. 2 (Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38.

=hopper,= the hopper of a mill; hopper-hipped, shaped about the hips like a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon); hopper-rumped, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido).

=hopper-crow,= a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene, James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.).

=hopshakles,= ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in Scotland (NED.).

=horion,= a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. horion, ‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.).

=horn,= a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 235. See =horn-thumb.=

=hornbook,= a paper containing the alphabet, &c., protected by a transparent plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle. Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 3. 46.

=horn-keck,= the gar-fish. Used fig., ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304.

=horn-thumb,= a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses, for resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2.

=horrent,= bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. horrens, rough, bristled.

=horse,= pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often). OE. hors, horses, pl. of hors.

=horsecorser,= a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084. ‘A Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, mango equorum’, Minsheu (1627); horse-courser, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus, iv. 6. See =corser.=

=hose,= clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii. 7. 160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male attire (i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1. 47.

=hospitage,= hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L. hospitagium (Ducange).

=hospitale,= a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a ‘hostel’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. hospitale (Ducange).

=host,= a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L. hostia, an animal sacrificed, victim.

=host,= to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27; hosted with, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2.

=hostless,= inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3.

=hostry,= a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe, Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. hosterie, hostrie, an inn. Cp. Ital. osteria.

=hot,= pt. t. of hit. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R. Scott, Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in Warwicksh., Bedfordsh., and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3).

=hot, hote,= was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib., iv. 4. 40. OE. hātte (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of hātan, to be called. See =hight.=

=hote,= pt. t., named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that earst I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from confusion with the above. The usual late ME. form is hight (hiȝt), hehte (in Layamon); OE. hēht (hēt), pt. t. of hātan, to call, name.

=hot-house,= a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning).

=Hough-munday;= see =Hock-day.=

=hounces,= housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon the Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii. 109 (not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the collar of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of a cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. housse, a foot-cloth for a horse (Cotgr.).

=housel= (fig. used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below.

=housling;= ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized sacramento ignis et aquae. ME. houselen, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix. 3); housele, the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. hūsel. See Dict. (s.v. Housel).

=hout,= a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1 (Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot).

=hove,= to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout, 666; ‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by Way). A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. hovyn, as hors, and abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and Way’s note in Prompt., p. 252.

=Howleglas;= see =Owlglass.=

=howres,= hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated times for prayer; ‘The Hermite . . . Was wont his howres and holy things to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Hours of Prayer).

=hoyle,= a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.). Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See =rove.=

=hoyn,= to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.^{2} 1). Norm. F. hoigner, ‘hogner, geindre, pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy).

=hoyst, brock!,= a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 10.

=huck-bone,= the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is a Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1} 1), so, in Tennyson’s Northern Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED.

=hucke,= to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’, Palsgrave. A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.^{2}). ME. hukke, ‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. hucke, ‘Kleinhändler’ (Lexer).

=huckle,= the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=huckle-bone,= the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus, ‘Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin talus and it is the little square hucclebone in the ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’, Udall, Apoph., 185; ‘Bibelots, hucklebones or the play at hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This name for the game is in prov. use in the north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and Sussex (EDD.).

=huckson,= lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1}). OE. hōhsinu. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also, Huxen).

=hudder-mudder;= see =hodermoder.=

=huddle,= to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495; ‘Country vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’, Dryden, Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a slovenly way, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353.

=huddle, old,= a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly, Euphues, p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

=huddypeke;= see =hoddypeke.=

=hudman-blind;= see =hoodman-blind.=

=huff,= to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. to huff it. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end); huff, a specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence huff-cap, a swaggerer, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); attrib. blustering, swaggering, ‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3. 17.

=huffecap,= a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the mightinesse thereof . . . is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and nectar of lyfe’, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 3.

=hugger-mugger,= secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; in hugger-mugger, Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123; Spenser, Mother Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that hugger-mugger may be connected with the Anglo-Irish cugger-mugger, which means whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (On some Etymologies).

=hugy,= huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid v, 113.

=huisher,= an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers (lictores)’, Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; husher, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 13; hushier, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F. huissier, deriv. of (h)uis, door. See Dict. (s.v. Usher).

=huke,= a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon, New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. huque. Med. L. huca, ‘ricinium quo scilicet mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange).

=hulched up,= cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda).

=hulder,= the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black thorne . . . make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. holder (G. holunder) means ‘elder’; it is objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according as the wood is foreign or native. Some say hulver (= holly) is meant; but I think holly would be praised.

=hulk,= to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out hyr garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the entrails of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.^{3} 1).

=hull,= to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv. 4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne, Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161).

=hum,= a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur). Hence, Hum-glass, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam). See Nares.

=humblesse,= humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F. humblesse (Gower).

=humbling,= rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed. Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31).

=humdrum,= a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen).

=humect,= to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L. humectare, humectus, wet; humere, umere, to be wet.

=humorous,= moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214; ‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful, whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As You Like It, i. 2. 278.

=humour;= in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions of which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be determined; hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1. 10; Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.); also, B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv).

=Humphrey;= see =Duke Humphrey.=

=hunte, hunt,= a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1 (NED.). OE. hunta, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a proper name.

=hunt’s-up,= the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen. Romeo, iii. 5. 34; the hunt is up, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 4 (near the end).

=hurle,= strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME. hurl, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below.

=hurlwind,= a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp. the Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.^{3} 11). ME. hurle, rush, noise (of the sea); hurling, roaring (Wars Alex.).

=hurricano,= a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort); a water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’, Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford.

=hurring,= reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253.

=hurry-durry,= boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient, irritable; ‘’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2 Sailor).

=huswife, housewife,= a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe).

=hutch,= to hoard, as in a hutch or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See =hooch.=

=hyaline;= ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619. Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’

=hyce, hyse,= to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’, Palsgrave. Dutch hyssen, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist).

=hydegy,= a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; hydagy, id., xxvi. 206. See =hay-de-guy.=

=hydromancy,= divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2. 16 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία.

=hydroptic,= dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy.

=hydrus,= a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. hydrus; Gk. ὕδρος, a water-snake. Cp. hydra.

=hyke,= a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot, Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin Durward, c. 33.]

=hyleg= or =hylech;= ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part of Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and Significator of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). Pers. (and Turkish) hailāj, a calculation of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See NED.

=hypodidascal,= an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk. ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher.

=hypostasis,= a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that which stands under; hence, sediment.

I

=iambographer,= a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, i. 2 (Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος.

=idlesse, ydlesse,= idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. 11.

=idol,= a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); idole, image, reflection, likeness, Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom (Homer).

=igniferent,= fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L. igniferens.

=ilke,= an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is remarked that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See =elk.=

=illecebrous,= enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; W. Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. illecebra, enticement; illicere, to entice.

=illect,= to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4. From the pp. stem of illicere, to allure.

=ill-mewed,= kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See =mew= (2).

=ill-part,= playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’, Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B).

=illustrate,= to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. illustrare, to make famous.

=imbibition,= treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=imboss,= to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below.

=imbost,= driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 135. See =embost.=

=imbosture,= embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants Imbosture nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Rufinus). See =emboss.=

=imbrangle,= to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov. use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’ (Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. branler, to shake, brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327).

=imbrayde,= to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. See =embraid.=

=imbroccato,= a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (or 4) (Bobadil); imbrocatas, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Ital. imbroccata, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen ouer the dagger’ (Florio); imbroccare, to thrust. See =embrocata.=

=immane,= huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; Odyssey, ix. 268. L. immanis.

=immoment,= of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166.

=imp,= offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6; i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order of knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of imp was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. impe: ‘of feble trees ther comen wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 3146); OE. impe, a shoot, graft; impian, to graft. Med. L. impotus, a graft (Lex Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. James i. 21).

=imp,= to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6.

=impacable,= unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time, 395. L. pacare, to appease.

=impale,= to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3; Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308.

=impassible,= incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. impassibilis (Tertullian).

=impeach,= to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See =empeach.=

=impechement,= hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end). See =empesshement.=

=imperance,= commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. 392. L. imperare, to command.

=impertinent,= not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest i. 2. 138.

=impeticos,= to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined by the fool; it seems to suggest petticoat.

=implore,= entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37.

=imply,= to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a necessary consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82.

=importable,= not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35; Chaucer, C. T. B. 3792. L. importabilis, unbearable.

=importance,= import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is he come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. importance, ‘importance, moment, value’ (Cotgr.).

=important,= urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour).

=importune,= grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; importunate, Bacon, Essay 9. L. importunus, troublesome.

=imposterous, impostorous,= deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 (Horsus).

=impostumation,= a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From impostume (imposthume).

=impotence,= want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, A Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio).

=impotent,= unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. impotens, powerless. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.).

=imprest,= advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); imprest money, money advanced, a loan, B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. impresto, a loan; imprestare, to lend (Florio).

=improperation,= a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, § 3. Deriv. of Late L. improperare, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3).

=improve,= to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 159.

=improved,= approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino).

=impuissance,= want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 92).

=in;= in-and-in, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice; in-and-in was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, which swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an in-and-in man, i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. In by the week, (?) prepared to go on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. 4. In dock, out nettle, a popular charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf on the skin, to remove the effects of a sting by a nettle. Hence applied to a change from pain to joy, or to any exhibition of inconstancy or unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Nettle). ME. Netle in, dokke out (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, Early English Proverbs, § 187.

=incarnadine,= to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. Incarnadine = F. incarnadin; Ital. incarnadino, carnation colour (Florio); lit. flesh-colour, deriv. of carne, flesh.

†=incartata,= an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. incartata’s, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the ‘terms in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’.

=incend,= to heat; to inflame, incite. Incended, heated, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. L. incendere, to set on fire.

=incense,= to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. ‘To insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of ‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in England, from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F. ensenser, to inspire, persuade (Gower).

=incentive,= enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519.

=inceration,= a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. cera, wax. Cp. =ceration.=

=inchoation,= beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L. inchoatio, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of inchoare, to begin.

=inchpin,= a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by some explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. Boyau); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’, Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin).

=incision,= blood-letting. To make incision, to let blood, in order to cure, As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing their arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. 1. 6.

=incomber,= an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage; ‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358.

=income,= an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI (ed. Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming in, arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482.

=incompared,= incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F. Walsingham, l. 1.

=incontinent,= immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. F. incontinent, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. in continenti (tempore), in continuous time, without interval (Tertullian); see Rönsch.

=incontinently,= immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306.

=incony,= fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (or 6). A cant word, prevalent about 1600, of doubtful meaning and of unascertained origin.

=increable,= incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, back, 6. OF. increable (F. incroyable), incredible.

=indagation,= investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L. indagatio (Cicero).

=inde,= blue; see =ynde.=

=indeniz’d into,= made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into; ‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short for endenizen’d.

=indent,= to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture or covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were cut with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. indentare, ‘dente infringere, occare’ (Ducange); Law L. indentare, to indent.

=indifferent,= impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36.

=indigne,= unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F. indigne.

=indignify,= to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 30; Colin Clout, 583.

=induction,= a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into the oracle’, BIBLE, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. inductio, an introduction, leading into (Cicero).

=indue,= to clothe, used fig.: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 49. L. induo, to put on an article of dress.

=indue,= to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; indued unto, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; indues to, brings to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See =endue.=

=indurance;= see =endurance.=

=inew;= see =enew.=

=infame,= to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10. Infamed, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. L. infamare, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange).

=infamous,= ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27.

=infant,= a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25 (used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince Arthur). OF. enfant, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol. 3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.).

=infarce,= to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, c. 1; id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. infarcire, to stuff.

=infausting,= a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 179). From L. infaustus, unlucky.

=infer,= to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring about, Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. inferre, to bring upon.

=infude,= to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see Croft’s note, ii. 351.

=infuse,= infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47.

=ingate,= entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 650, l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). See =gate.=

=ingenerate,= begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; implanted, Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L. ingeneratus, inborn, implanted.

=ingenious,= ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). Conversely, ingenuously = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Contarino).

=ingine, ingene,= ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (or 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the usual Scottish form (EDD.). See =enginous.=

=ingle,= a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.^{2} 1).

=ingle,= to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Imperia).

=ingram,= ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 (Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame, ignarus’, Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.).

=ingurgitation,= a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. ingurgitatio, immoderate eating and drinking; L. gurges, an abyss, used fig. of an insatiable craving (Cicero).

=inhabitable,= uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. inhabitable, ‘unhabitable’ (Cotgr.). L. inhabitabilis, not habitable (Cicero).

=inhabited,= not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, iii. 1 (Thierry). F. inhabité, uninhabited (Cotgr.).

=inholder,= a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere.

=iniquity;= see =vice.=

=injury,= to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end); Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner of reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. injurier (Montaigne).

=inkle,= a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also incle, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.^{1}) .

=inlawed,= brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 16).

=inleck,= a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 560. OE. hlec, leaky. Not found elsewhere.

=inly,= inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; inly, inwardly, Temp. v. 200; intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38.

=inmew;= in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if a Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint for innew, a spelling of =enew,= q.v.

=inn,= a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 30; vi. iii. 29. ME. in, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3622). OE. inn, ‘domus’ (Matt. xiii. 36).

=innocent,= a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=inquest,= a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4.

=inquisition,= inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for bloode’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. inquisitio, a judicial inquiry (Vulgate, Acts xii. 19).

=in-same,= together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! my top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; ‘I am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. samen, together (Ormulum, 377); in same, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646.

=insecution,= close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448. Late L. insecutio, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange).

=insense;= see =incense.=

=insignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 5. See =enseignement.=

=insolence,= originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with furious insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150.

=insolent,= unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’, Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. insolens, unusual.

=instance,= urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate, in omni instantia et obsecratione), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F. instance, urgency (Cotgr.).

=instance,= something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. Richard III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. instantia, urgency.

=instant,= urgent, persevering. BIBLE, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); instantly, urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. instans, persevering (Vulgate, Acts vi. 4).

=instate,= to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; instate to, make over to, Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney).

=instaure,= to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). L. instaurare, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10).

=instinction,= instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. of L. instinctus, instigated, pp. of instinguere.

=instop,= to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. instoppen, to cram in (Sewel).

=intend,= to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 38. L. intendere.

=intend,= to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. Gl. 151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay 29; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).

=intendiment,= understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the Muses, 144. Med. L. intendimentum, ‘mens, intelligentia’, intendere, ‘intelligere’ (Ducange).

=interesse,= the being concerned or having part in the possession of anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse that they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; interest on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F. interesse, A.D. 1388 (NED.); Med. L. interesse, ‘usura, foenus, quod ultra sortem solvitur, vel quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); subst. use of L. interesse, to be between, to be of importance.

=interessed,= pp., interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed therein themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The heathens . . . were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. Religio Laici (ed. Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. 1; spelt interest, invested with a right or share, King Lear, i. 1. 87.

=interest,= to invest a person with a share in, or title to something; ‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xv. 326.

=interlunar,= between two moons; with reference to the period between the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. L. lunaris, relating to the moon.

=intrince,= intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for intrinsicate, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. intrinsecus, inwardly.

=intuse,= a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. intusus, pp. of intundere, to bruise.

=inundant,= inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v (Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. inundare, to inundate.

=invect,= to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M. Tullius). Cp. L. invectio, an attacking with words, deriv. of invehere, to inveigh against.

=invent,= to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50.

=invest,= to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton, P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 18. L investire, to clothe.

=investion,= investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end).

=invinced,= unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver Age, A iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. vincere, to conquer. Only found in Heywood’s writings.

=invious,= pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. invius; from via, a way.

=inward,= intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays, 20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance, ‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138.

†=iper,= a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage.

=Irish,= an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109.

=irous,= wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F. irous (Gower); from L. ira, anger.

†=irpes= (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Palinode).

=Isgrim,= the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). Isegrim in Caxton’s version; Isengrijn in Willem’s Low German poem; Ysegrim in Leeu’s Low German prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix).

=island,= a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde Park, i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 (Ubaldo).

†=iulan,= of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the beard. Not found elsewhere.

=ivybush,= the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as bush in As You Like It (Epilogue).

=iwis, ywis,= (often written I wis), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; ywis, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19; i-wusse, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); wusse, id., Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). ME. iwis, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); OE. gewiss, certain.

J

=Jack,= a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290; Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, v. 1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, ix; figure of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, Richard III, iv. 2. 117; also, Jack o’ the clock, Richard II, v. 5. 60; Jack i’ the clock-house, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; jack, the piece of wood with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., Sonnet 128; Jack o’ Bethleem, see =bedlam;= Jack in box, one who deceived tradesmen by substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, Middleton, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164; Jack-a-Lent, a small stuffed puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 (Rowland).

=jack,= a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 314.

=jack,= a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10.

=jackman;= see =jarkman.=

=jack merlin,= a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1. 13.

=Jacob’s staff;= ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’, Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and distances, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by astrologers and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares).

=jaculation,= a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. jaculatio.

=jade,= to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to tire, and, as we say, to Iade anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; ‘The ne’er-yet beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; Scot. jaud; Norm. F. *jaude, Icel. jalda, a mare; cp. Scot. yaud, an old worn-out horse, see EDD. (s.v. Jade).

=jambeux,= leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., iii. 35; spelt giambeux, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. jambeux (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb).

=Jane,= a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in Chaucer’s time. Phr. many a Jane (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 58 (borrowed from Chaucer, C. T. B. 1925). OF. Janne(s, Genoa.

=jane,= a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane judgments’, coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8. Named from Genoa.

=jant,= to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; jaunt, Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See =jaunce.=

=jant,= smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and jant ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119.

=janty, jaunty,= genteel, elegant, stylish; janty, Parson’s Wedding, i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt ganty in ed. 1663); jantee, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic representation of F. gentil, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty).

=jape,= to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but jape with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. jape, vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1699; sb. C. T. A. 4201). Cp. O. Prov. gap, ‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy).

=jar,= to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); jarre, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16.

=jar,= a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; ‘A jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 253.

=jarkman,= an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1.4; ‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin; he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5. Spelt Jackman, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage direction).

=jasp,= a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. jasp (Wyclif, Isaiah liv. 12), OF. jaspe. L. iaspis. Gk. ἴασπις.

=jaum,= to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam).

=jaunce,= to stir a horse, to make him prance, used fig. Richard II, v. 5. 94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; geances, troublesome journeys, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ is in use in Sussex for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. Jance). F. jancer un cheval, ‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he sweat with-all, or as our jaunt’ (Cotgr.). See NED.

=jaunt;= see =jant.=

=jaunts= (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as jaunce, taken as a plural; from jaunts thus evolved would come our jaunt. If this explanation be correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome journeys’.

=javel,= a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’, Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; javill, Roper’s Life of Sir Thos. More (in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. javel, ‘joppus, joppa’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1097).

=jawme,= a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt jame, Golding, Metam. xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); jawme, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ (‘Jaum’) is still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Jamb). F. jambe, ‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ (Cotgr.).

=jawn,= a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo). See =chawne.=

=jerk,= to scourge, whip, lash; ‘Fouetter, to scourge, yerke, or jerke’, Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Hence jerker, one who lashes severely; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See =yerk.=

=jernie,= to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’, Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed. 1759, i. 84); see NED. F. jerni (jarni), for jarnidieu, i.e. je renie Dieu, I renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. Jarnigoy).

=jert,= to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD.

=jest,= a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See =gest=(=e==.=

=jet,= to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; ‘I jette, Je me jamboye’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a Warwicksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. jetter (jecter), to throw (Cotgr.).

=jet upon,= to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. 1. 64.

=jetty,= to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.

=Jew’s ear,= an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks of trees, Hirneola or Exidia Auricula-Judæ. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, iii (Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the roots of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas Iscariot, upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares.

=jib-crack,= a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7.

=jiggumbob,= a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value. Jiggembobs, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio); jigambob, Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; jiggumbobs, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 108.

=jigmaker,= a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 1 (end).

=jimmal-ring,= a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being linked by a hinge. The jimmall-ring, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See =gimmal.=

=job,= to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. jobbyn: ‘byllen or iobbyn as bryddys, iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.).

=jobbernowl,= a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a stupid person, a blockhead, ‘Teste de bœuf, a joult-head, jobbernoll, cod’s-head, logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is great’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in both senses in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.).

=job-nut,= the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are perforated and strung through, in order to be knocked against each other. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. Job, sb. (3)).

=John Dory.= The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a French privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but was himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with John Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Humphrey). See Nares.

=jointer,= joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene 10. 8 (W.); p. 170, col. 1.

=jollyhead,= jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32.

=jouissance,= pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25; Nov., 2. F. jouissance, an enjoying (Cotgr.).

=journall,= daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F. journal, ‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. diurnalis (Ducange).

=jovy,= ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1 (Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril).

=jowl, joll,= to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59; Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘I jolle one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England from Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘jolle or heed, caput’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112).

=judge,= the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of justitiarius, the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on chess (c. 1400 A.D.). See NED.

=judgement,= a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; Dryden, Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3.

=Jug,= a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘Clown [to Joan], Bring him away, Jug! Enter Joan, with a fish’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s Lancashire Worthies Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is familiarly called ‘Jugg’. See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). This familiar name was applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the sweetheart of a peasant, King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, A Knack to know a Knave (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. Cambises (Davies, Gl.).

=jugal,= conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. vinclum jugale (Virgil).

=julio,= an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil (Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital. giulio, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the Pope worth sixpence sterling (Florio).

=jument,= a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. jument, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). L. jumentum, a yoke-beast.

=jump,= a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, open in front (EDD.).

=jump,= to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence jump, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6.

=jump with,= to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32; Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, jump, exactly, precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as vb. and adv. (EDD.).

=juppon,= a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 28. F. jupon, a short cassock (Cotgr.).

=justle,= to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129.

=jut, jutt,= to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, no. 39, Plausible Man; jutte, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 8. In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.).

=jutty,= to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. 138); ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, Macbeth, i. 6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.).

K

=ka,= for quo’ (quoth, quotha); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that againe’, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale (ed. Dyce, 455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use in Durham, Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, ko, ‘I feare him not, Ko she’, Roister Doister, iii. 3.

=kaa me, kaa thee,= i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the same. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (or 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1 (Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’; ‘Ka me and I’ll ka thee, Serva me, servabo te’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See Nares. Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense.

=kad,= to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio).

=kails, keils,= nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B. Jonson, Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. kegel, a pin, kail.

=kam,= crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh cam, crooked; Irish cam (Dinneen). See =kim-kam.=

=karl hemp,= the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called churl hemp, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See =carl.=

=karne,= a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 8. Irish ceatharnach, a foot-soldier, deriv. of ceatharn, a band of fighting men (Dinneen). See =keteryng.=

=katexoken,= for kat’exochēn, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian, iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence.

=keak, keke,= to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’, Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves . . . had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse not a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. Kek, kek!, the cry of the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499.

=kecksies,= hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed kecksyes). See Dict. (s.v. Kex).

=keech,= a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In fig. use, ‘I wonder that such a Keech can . . . Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset (EDD.).

=keel,= to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930; spelt kele, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; keele, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Keel, vb.^{3} 1). ME. kelyn, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS. 252, see note, no. 1184); OE. cēlan, deriv. of cōl, cool.

=keep cut;= See =cut= (3).

=keep,= heed, care. Phr. take thou no keep, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. tak keep, take heed (Chaucer, C. T. D. 431).

=keight,= caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39.

=keiser,= emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); kesar, Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 570; keysar, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 498. Du. keyser (Hexham); cp. G. Kaiser; L. Caesar.

=keke;= see =keak.=

=kell,= the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by gossamer-threads on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of network, a film on the eye, &c. (EDD.). ME. kelle, ‘reticulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 246, see note, no. 1149).

=kell,= a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Cp. =kill.=

=kemb,= to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in Yorks. and Lanc. (EDD.). ME. kembe, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2142); OE. cemban; camb, a comb.

=kemlin,= a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &c. Coles, Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); kemelin, Levins, Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. kymlyn, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, kemelyn (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3548). See =kimnel.=

=kempe, kemp,= a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31; bk. vii, c. 8. OE. cempa; Med. L. campio (Ducange), from campus, field of battle; ME. kemp(e, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE. cempa, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v. Camphjo).

=ken,= a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Ferret). Hence also libkin or lib ken, stalling ken. See =bouzing-ken.=

=ken=(=n,= to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of vision, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, kenning, range of sight, the distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius); Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69.

=kennet,= a small dog for hunting. Pl. kenettys, Boke of St. Albans, fol. F iv, back; kennets, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the whole passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. kenette (Bozon), dimin. of kien (= F. chien).

=Kent:= phr. Kent or Christendom. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Turfe); ‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some, Nor in all Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 153; the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe and common phrase. The original whereof was, for that most part of England in the reigne of King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely except, which remayned long after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so that Kent was counted no part of Christendome.’ Ray in his English Proverbs accepts this explanation (ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor Christendom’ meant, neither in Kent, which was first converted to Christendom, nor in any other part of our English Christendom (i.e. nowhere in England). Also, in Kent and Christendom (i.e. everywhere); ‘I am here in Kent and Christendom, Among the Muses, where I read and rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 218).

=Kentish long-tails,= a nickname applied to the natives of Kent. Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under Kentish Long-tailes. See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but Englishmen in general were called ‘caudati per contumeliam’ by their French neighbours, see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys couez’ (Chans. Norm.) in Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250).

=kersen;= see =cursen.=

=kerve,= to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. kerve (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 325). OE. ceorfan.

=kest,= pt. t. cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 45; plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)).

=keteryng,= a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib., Against the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See =karne.=

=ketler,= an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers and ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 543).

=ketling,= inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in a young ketling gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B).

=key,= a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women beware, i. 3. 17.

=kibbo,= a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire word (EDD.).

=kid,= a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of England from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.^{2} 1). ME. kydd, ‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247).

=kid,= a roebuck in its first year. Spelt kyde, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143.

=kid,= notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’, Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. kid, renowned, famous, illustrious (Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); kyd, known (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1943), pp. of kythe, to make known (C. T. F. 748). OE. cȳðan.

=kie, kye,= cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov. use in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. cȳ, pl. of cū, cow.

=kiff,= for kith, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30.

=kill,= a kiln. BIBLE, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A common prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex, and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Hence kill-hole, Merry Wives, iv. 2. 59 (ed. 1623). Cp. =kell= (2).

=kill-cow,= a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher, Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story of Guy of Warwick. See Nares.

=kimbo,= resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals, iii. 67; on kimbow, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel).

=kim-kam,= crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44. Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.). See =kam.=

=kimnel,= a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A kimnel, cadus salsamentarius’, Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, quevette’, Palsgrave. ME. kymnelle, ‘amula’ (Cath. Angl.).

=kinchin mort,= a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Kinchin is perhaps a corrupt form of G. kindchen, little child. See =mort= (2).

=kinderkind,= kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383). Du. kindekin, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v. Kilderkin), and Dict.

=kindle,= to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2. 358; ‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in prov. use (EDD.). ME. hyndlyn, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys, ‘feto’ (Prompt.).

=kindless,= unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p. 466).

=Kirsome,= Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See =cursen.=

=kite,= a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16; iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 89; Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83).

=kiss the post,= to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving too late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make haste, thou art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 47.

=kix,= a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 2 (Mercury).

=knacker,= a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire knacker is a term for a tanner (EDD.).

=knap,= a knave, a rogue. Spelt knappe, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Dulipo); Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead knap’ are Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v. Knap, sb.^{2} 1).

=knap,= a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top, Golding, Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England (EDD.). OE. cnæpp, top, hill-top (Luke iv. 29).

=knap,= to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, § 133.

=knare, knar,= a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots and knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt gnarre, Cockeram’s Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. ME. knarry, gnarled (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1977). Low G. knarre; Du. knar; see NED.

=kned,= pp. kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (Savourwit). In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Knead, 3).

=knee-timber,= crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13.

=knight of the post,= a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living by giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366); Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight of the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares.

=Knight’s Ward,= one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole; See =counter= (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (or 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the Master’s side. Also Knight-side, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor in the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see Westward Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly).

=knill, knyll,= to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back, 6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. cnyllan, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.).

=knitting-cup,= a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after a wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass).

=knokylbonyarde,= a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 485. Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of knucklebone.

=knot,= a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles); Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon, also in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{1} 13).

=knot,= the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’ bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, Canuti aves, ut opinor’, Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. knot, sandpiper (Larsen). In the north of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{2}).

=knot-grass,= a plant with small pale-pink flowers, Polygonum aviculare. An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife).

=knowledge,= to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150.

=knub,= a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603); ‘knubbe, callum’, Levins, Manip. Low G. knubbe, a knob, lump; see NED.

=knurre,= a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, bruscum, gibbus’, Levins, Manip.; hence, knurred (knurd), knotted, rugged, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=ko;= see =ka.=

=korke,= to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne [family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 6. From corke, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the Realm, Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v. Cork, sb.^{2}).

=kost,= pt. t. kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. coss, a kiss.

=kreking,= early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. au point du jour), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘het kriecken ofte aenbreken van den dagh, the creeke or the breaking of the day’ (Hexham). Cp. the Scottish phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.). Norm. F. crique du jour (Moisy).

=kursin,= to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2. ‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’ are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Christen).

=kydst,= in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the sense of ‘knewest’. ME. kithen (pt. s. kidde), means ‘to make known’. See =kid= (notorious).

=kyrie,= short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), Lord, have mercy upon us; the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for a scolding, causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he went to bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie sad solfing’ (translating Talia iactanti, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst (ed. Arber, p. 21); kyry, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755.

=kyrsin,= Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See =cursen.=

L

=laced mutton,= a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s Triumph (Boy). See NED. See =mutton.=

=lachesse,= negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME. lachesse (Chaucer, C. T. I. 720), OF. lachesse, laschesse, deriv. of lasche, slack. L. laxus, lax.

=lack,= to want. What do y’ lack? what will you buy; the constant cry of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead).

=lackey,= to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used fig. ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’, Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict.

=lad,= led; pt. t. of lead. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A Lanc. form, see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)).

=ladron,= a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span. ladron, a thief; L. latro, a robber.

=lady,= the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving for the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the outline of a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’ Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell).

=Lady of the Lake,= a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a fairy, nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright . . . all Ladyes of the lake behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of light behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall).

=lag,= slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard, Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; lag-end, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 24. See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1).

=lag-goose,= a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 4. In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey goose, see EDD. (s.v. Lag, sb.^{9}).

=lag:= in phr. lag of duds, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen).

=lag,= to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15.

=laire;= see =leer.=

=lam,= to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. Lamming, a thrashing, Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘Gaulée, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’, Cotgrave; lambed, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (Firk). In gen. prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. lemja (pret. lamði), lit. to lame.

=lamback,= to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305.

=Lamia,= a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and to suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch, sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 1. L. lamia, a witch supposed to suck children’s blood. In the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. Lîlîth, ‘the night-hag’, is rendered lamia. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster.

=lampas,= a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. lampas (Cotgr.).

=lamping,= shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital. lampante, bright, shining (Florio).

=lance-knight,= a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance or pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave has: ‘Lansknyght, lancequenet.’ G. lanz-knecht, lance-knight, a perverted form of lands-knecht = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See Dict. (s.v. Lansquenet).

=lancepesade,= a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a lance-corporal. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; lance-presade, Cleaveland, Poems (Nares); lanceprisado, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell). The term was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his lance (lancia spezzata) on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer assistant to a captain of foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he could remount himself (Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p. 353) for account of Lance-spessade. See Stanford, and Nares.

=lanch, launch,= to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) lancher (F. lancier). In W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’, see EDD. (s.v. Lance, sb.^{1} 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch).

†=land-damn,= to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to be imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares.

=landlouper,= a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 105; spelt land-loper; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du. landt-looper, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the countrie’ (Hexham).

=langdebiefe,= wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; langdebeef, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. lange de beof, ‘ox tunge’, ‘lingua bovis’, ‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24).

=langer,= to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur, leaf 185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger).

=langued,= lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of a specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. langué, ‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.).

=lannard,= a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner).

†=lansket,= a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found here (NED.).

=lantedo, lanteero;= ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See =adelantado.=

=lanterloo,= the old name of the card game now called loo. Etherege, She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt Lanterlu, and used as a name, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford.

=lap,= a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘lap, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=lapise, lappise,= to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c. 33, p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. glappir, glappissement, (Cotgr.).

=lapwing,= said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius); and see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Alexander). Very common.

=lare,= a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of lair, the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.^{1} 2, § 3).

=lare,= to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura).

=Lares,= the household gods in Roman religion. Lars, Milton, Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus).

=lash:= phr. in the lash, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the lash’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age the whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s. 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.^{1} 4).

=lash,= to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden, tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’, Congreve, Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria).

=lash out,= to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67).

=latch,= to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. lacchen (P. Plowman). OE. læccan, to seize, catch.

=lato,= a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); laton, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. latoun (Chaucer, C. T. A. 699). Norm. F. laton, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et de zinc’ (Moisy), Med. L. lato (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten).

=launce,= a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. lanx, a scale.

=laund,= a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 69. ME. launde, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1691). Anglo-F. launde, OF. lande; probably of Celtic origin, see W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239.

=launder,= one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence laundered (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME. lawndere (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress).

=laundring,= washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).

=lautitious,= sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L. lautitia, magnificence.

=lave,= used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; lave-eared, having long drooping ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’, Levins, Manip. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. lave eres (Wars Alex. 4748).

=lave,= to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv. 1. 72. Icel. lafa, to droop.

=lavender:= phr. to lay in lavender, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699; ‘Rather than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in lavender, if I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); to lie in lavender, to be in pawn, ‘a black suit . . . now lies in lavender’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado for the Devil is an epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender for the discharge of his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). Lavendered, pp. ‘Your lavendered robes’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach).

=laver,= drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97. See =lave.=

=lavolta,= the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V, iii. 3. 33. Ital. la volta, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’ (Florio).

†=lavoltetere,= one who dances (and teaches) the lavolta. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host).

=law, to give,= to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii (Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199.

=lay,= law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a religion, creed, a faith; ‘’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in love and charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. lay, religion, faith (Chaucer, C. T. B. 376). Anglo-F. lei, ‘loi, loi religieuse, religion’ (Chans. Rol. 85).

=lay,= a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow, unploughed, ‘Let . . . land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. lay, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt. EETS.); laie, fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.).

=lay,= a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4. 159. In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, sb.^{1} 20).

=lay,= to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A Trick to Catch, i. 2. 3.

=lay:= phr. to lay in (or a) water, to make nugatory, to bring to a standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.^{1} 25).

=lay,= to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’, Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie, vb.^{1} 43), and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16).

=layne,= to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane). ME. laynen, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. leyna, cognate with G. leugnen, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain).

=laystall,= a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 53; leystall, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)).

=laystow,= a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In comparison of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and laistowes’, Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325); ‘Smythfeelde was . . . a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron. vii. 226 (NED.). A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)).

=layte,= lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11. ME. leit, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. lēget, also līgyt (Matt. xxiv. 27).

=laze,= to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Melpomene); Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.).

=leach,= a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in jelly; ‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies, leach’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii. 285. F. lèche, ‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED.

=lead:= phr. to lead apes in hell, the fancied consequence of dying an old maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘Mammola, an old wench . . . one that will lead apes in Hell’, Florio.

=lead,= a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead, sb.^{1} 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from having been usually made of that metal.

=leaden dart.= Cupid’s leaden dart caused dislike; his golden one incited to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman Actor, iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470.

=leading-staff,= a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer. Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly).

=leak,= leaky. Spelt leke, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; leake, id., vi. 8. 24. OE. hlece.

=leally,= truly, verily. Spelt lelely, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1 (Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his office’, Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. leal, loyal (Rough List), O. Prov. leal (Levy).

=lear;= see =lere.=

=leare,= a cheek; learys, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix, ch. 21; spelt lyers, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. hlēor, cheek, face. See =leer.=

=lease,= a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; lees, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, ch. 63 (The Place).

=leasues,= ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 103. OE. lǣs, a pasture (dat. lǣswe). See EDD. (s.v. Leasowe).

=lease;= Lease-parol, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1.

=lease, lese,= to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. lesen, OE. lēasian, to tell lies; lēas, false.

=leasing,= lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 48; BIBLE, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; lesynge, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv. 18. ME. leesyng (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. lēasung.

=leathe-weake,= having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written leathwake, lithwake, leathweak (EDD.). ME. lithwayke, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. leoðuwāc, liðewāc (BT.).

=leatica,= a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. liatico (Florio); aleatico, an exquisite grape, a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v. Liatico).

=leave,= to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. lever, ‘to raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.).

=leavy,= leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 316, 512.

=leden, ledden,= language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744; Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. leden (Chaucer, C. T. F. 435); OE. leden (lyden), language, prop. the Latin language, L. Latinus; cp. O. Prov. latin, ‘langage’ (Levy), OF. latin, language, also, the warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34); Ital. latino, language (Dante).

=ledger,= resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); lieger, Webster, White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; legier, resting in a place, Fairfax, Tasso, i. 70. 15; leiger, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Littleworth). See =lieger.=

=Lee.= ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 19; ‘I looked . . . adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496). Probably the reference is to the name of a river.

=leefky,= for leefkyn, a bodice. Leefekyes, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116). Du. lijfken: ‘een vrouwen Lijfken, A womans Bodies [bodice]’ (Hexham); dimin. of lijf, a body.

=leefsom,= pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish leesome, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE. lēofsum (Juliana, 17).

=leek,= like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with cheek.

=leer,= complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt laire, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; lere, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; leyre, Magnyfycence, 1573. For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{3} 3, and Lire, sb.^{3}). OE. hlēor, face, countenance. See =leare.=

=leer,= tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{2}). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{2}).

=leer,= empty. A leer horse, a horse without a rider (see Nares); a leer drunkard, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. lere, empty (Rob. Glouc., p. 81); see Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. lǣre; cp. G. leer. Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.^{1}).

=leer;= Leer side, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2, ‘Hat turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the left side. Probably due to the form leereboard (for lar-board), see Hakluyt’s Voyages, i. 4.

=leere,= lore. See =lere.=

=leese,= to lose. BIBLE, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. lesen (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1290); OE. lēosan.

=lefull,= permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45. ME. leveful (Chaucer, C. T. D. 37); leve, permission (id., C. T. B. 1637). See NED. (s.v. Leeful).

=leg:= in phr. to make a leg, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a plum, he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares.

=legacy,= an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220.

=Lege de moy,= supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587.

=legem pone,= a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes now a dayes . . . If legem pone comes he is receav’d, When Vix haud habeo is of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell); ‘They were all at our service for the legem pone’, Ozell’s Rabelais, iv. 12; ‘Use legem pone to pay at thy day, But use not Oremus for often delay’, Tusser, Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin phrase for money is doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year was March 25, on which day of the month the Legem pone is the first portion of the 119th Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were easily associated with the idea of payment and ready money. See Nares.

=leger,= light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers, scene 5 (Welcome). F. léger.

=legiaunce,= faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. ligeance, legiance, deriv. of lige, liege, entitled to feudal service, also, bound to render feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O. Prov. litge, ‘liege’; of Germanic origin, OHG. ledig, free; legiaunce was the feudal service of a free man. See NED.

=legier;= see =ledger.=

=legier-booke,= a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a cartulary, register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict. (s.v. Ledger).

=legierte,= lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20; thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. légèreté, lightness.

=leiger;= see =ledger.=

=leke;= see =leak.=

=lelacke,= lilac. Bacon, Essay 46. Cp. the Lincoln pronunciation lealock, see EDD. (s.v. Laylock).

=lelely;= see =leally.=

=lembic,= an ‘alembic’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); limbeck, Macbeth, i. 7. 67.

=leme,= a flame, light, ray, beam. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, c. 1, § 2; Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 64; leames, lights, Sackville, Induction to Mirror, st. 9. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.^{1} 1). ME. leme (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4120). OE. lēoma, light.

=Lemures,= in early Roman religion, the spirits of the departed. Milton, Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21.

=l’envoy,= the sending forth a poem, hence, the conclusion of a poetical or prose composition; the author’s parting words; fig. a conclusion, catastrophe, ‘Long since I look’d for this l’envoy’, Massinger, Bashful Lover, iv. 1 (Martino); v. 1 (Alonzo). OF. envoye (F. envoi), a sending.

=lere,= lore, teaching. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 261; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 803; leare, Spenser, F. Q. iii, 11. 16; iv. 3. 40; leares, lessons, F. Q. iii. 7. 21; leere, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 5 (Sperantus). Also, the meaning, sense (as of a Latin phrase), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Lawrence). In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{1} 5). ME. lere (Sir Gowther, 231); fr. leren, to teach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 441). See =leyre.=

=lere;= see =leer.=

=lerrepoop;= see =liripoop.=

=lerrie,= something said by rote, a set speech, ‘patter’; ‘Man can teach us our lerrie’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Third Lady). In Kent ‘lerry’ is the part which has to be learnt by a mummer (EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Lurry).

=lesses,= the dung of a ‘ravenous’ animal. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 97; Maister of Game, c. 25. F. laisses, ‘the lesses (or dung) of a wild Boar, Wolf, or Bear’ (Cotgr.).

=lest,= to listen. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 17. See EDD. (s.v. List, vb.^{3}).

=lest;= see =list.=

=lesynge;= see =leasing.=

=let,= hindrance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 13; vi. 2. 17. ME. lett (Cursor M. 7395).

=Lethe,= a river in Hades, the water of which produced forgetfulness of the past; ‘Lethe the River of Oblivion’, Milton, P. L. ii. 583; ‘Lethe Wharfe’, Hamlet, i. 5. 33. Hence Lethean, ‘They ferry over this Lethean Sound’, Milton, P. L. ii. 604 (cp. the ‘Lethaeus amnis’ of Virgil, Aeneid vi. 705). Gk. λήθη, forgetfulness, oblivion; personified in Hesiod; no river is called Λήθη by the ancient Greeks.

=Lethe,= Death, Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 206. Hence Lethean, deadly, mortal. Blount, Glossogr., 1670. F. Lethe, ‘masc. Death; Lethean, deadly, mortal, death-inflicting’ (Cotgr.). L. letum (on acc. of association with Gk. λήθη, Lethe, sometimes printed lethum, an orthography which is not supported by MSS. or Inscriptions), Death.

=lettice,= a kind of whitish grey fur; ‘A robe of Scarlet . . . bordered with Lettice’, Hall, Chron., 25 Hen. VIII (ed. 1809, 803); a lettice cap, ‘Bring in the Lettice cap . . . And then how suddenly we’ll make you sleep’, Fletcher, M. Thomas, iii. 1. 9; id., Thierry and Theod. v. 2. 8. F. letice, ‘a beast of a whitish gray colour’ (Cotgr.). OF. letice, lettice, lettiche, ‘fourrure ou pelisse grise’ (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Lactenus). OHG. illitiso, the polecat (12th cent.), MHG. iltis, iltisse, see Weigand and Kluge (s.v. Iltis). See Nares.

=lettuce,= in proverbial sayings: Like lips, like lettuce, i.e. things happen to a man according to his deserts, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 318 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1); Like lettuce, like lips, New Custom, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 23; Such lips, such lettuce, Heywood’s Proverbs, 80. Cp. the Latin Proverb, ‘Similes habent labra lactucas’, see Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 111). See NED.

=level-coil,= a rough game, in which each player is in turn driven from his seat and supplanted by another, hence, riotous sport. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 2 (Dame Turfe); ‘Jouër à cul-leve, to play at level-coyl’, (Cotgrave). Also used as adv. for turn and turn about, alternately, ‘The mother’s smile Brought forth the daughter’s blush, and levell coyle, They smil’d and blusht’, Quarles, Argalus (ed. 1629, 18). F. lève-cul, see Littré (s.v. Lever). See Halliwell.

=lever,= rather, more gladly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; me lever were, it would be more agreeable to me, id., iii. 2. 6. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles. ME. ‘me were lever’ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1034). OE. lēofre, comp. of lēof, dear, ‘lief’.

=leveret,= a mistress, a courtesan. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 (Malipiero); Gamester, i. 1; Honoria. i. 1 (Alamode). F. levrette, ‘A Greyhound bitch, also, a most lascivious and incontinent wench’ (Cotgr.).

=levet,= a trumpet-call, to awaken soldiers, &c., in a morning; ‘Trumpets sound a levet’ (stage-direction), Fletcher, Double Marriage, ii. 1; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 611. Ital. levata, a march upon a drum and trumpet (Florio); orig. pp. fem. of levare, to raise.

=levigate,= lightened, made easier. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 1. Late L. levigare, to lighten; levigatio, a lightening (Rönsch, 81).

=leyre,= lore. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. See =lere.=

=leystall;= see =laystall.=

=liam, lyam,= a leash for hounds. Spelt liom, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 143; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 13, § 5; Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal 6, 65. O. Prov. liam (Levy), Béarnais Dial., liam (Lespy), Norm.-F. lian, ‘lien’ (Moisy), L. ligamen, a band, anything to tie with, fr. ligare, to tie. See NED. (s.v. Lyam), and EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.^{2}). See =lym.=

=lib,= to sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Hence, libkin, a house to sleep in, a lodging, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman); lib ken, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); ‘A lypken, a house to lye in’, Harman, Caveat, 83.

=lib;= see =glib.=

=libbard,= leopard. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 29; Milton, P. L. vii. 467. [The form ‘libbard’ occurs in modern poets: ‘The lion, and the libbard, and the bear’, Cowper, Task, vi. 773; ‘On libbard’s paws’, Keats, Lamia, ii. 185.] ME. libarde (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 894). OF. lebard (Godefroy); see NED.

=libbat,= a short thick stick, chiefly for throwing at cocks, &c.; a billet of wood. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, st. 21, st. 12; id., prose add. to bk. ii, § 22. In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Libbet, sb.^{1}).

=libecchio,= a south-west wind. Milton, P. L. x. 706. An erroneous form for Ital. libeccio (Florio), deriv. of L. Libs, S.W. wind; Gk. Λίψ.

=libel, libell,= a little book, a short treatise. Gascoigne, Works, i. 42; a written statement. North’s Plutarch, Life of Octavius, § 25 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 277, note 1).

=liberal,= licentious, gross. Much Ado, iv. 1. 93; Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 194; Othello, ii. 1. 165. Liberally, licentiously; City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 194.

=libration,= oscillation, swaying to and fro; ‘The bounds of thy libration’, Dryden, Conq. of Granada, ii. 3. 1 (Almanzor). L. librare, to balance.

=licket.= Meaning doubtful; perhaps a flap of some kind; ‘Wear your coif with a London licket’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). In the west country ‘licket’ is in use for ‘a shred, rag’ (EDD.).

=lidderon,= a rascal. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 29; Garl. of Laurell, 188. A Sc. prov. word, see Jamieson, Suppl. ME. lyderon or lydron, ‘lydorus’ (Prompt. EETS. 262), (lydorus = Gk. λοίδορος).

=lieger,= an ordinary or resident Ambassador; ‘A Lieger (differed) from an extraordinary Ambassador’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. iii. 5. 22; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Alvarez); a commissioner, an agent, spelt leiger, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 59; Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 140. See =ledger.=

=lie-pot,= a vessel to hold ‘lye’ for use as a hair-wash. Middleton, Five Gallants, i. 1. 12 (or 14).

=lifter,= a thief, cheat. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 129; Greene, James IV, iii. 1 (near the end).

=lig, ligge,= to lie, lie down. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 40; Shep. Kal., May, 217; Oct., 12. In common prov. use in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lie, vb.^{2} 1 (4)). OE. licgean (liggan).

=lightly,= usually, commonly. Richard III, iii. 1. 91; Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo); ‘There’s lightning lightly before thunder’, Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 110); given as a Kentish saying (EDD.).

=lightmans,= a cant term for day. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =darkmans.=

=like,= to please; ‘The music likes you not’, Two Gent. iv. 2. 56; esp. in the phrase of courtesy, an’t like your Grace, if it please your Grace, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 100 (for exx. see Schmidt). ME. lyke, to please; it lyketh yow, it pleases you (Chaucer); OE. līcian, to please.

†=lilburne,= heavy stupid fellow; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek).

=lill,= to let the tongue loll out, to thrust forth the tongue. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34; ‘I lylle out the tonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Berks. and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Lill, vb.^{2}).

=limbeck;= see =lembic.=

=limiter,= a friar licensed to beg within certain limits. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 85. ME. limitour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 209). See Nares.

=limmer,= a ‘limber’; the shaft of a cart or carriage. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 26); ‘Timone, the limmer or beam or pole of a wagon’, Torriano, Ital. Dict. (1688). ‘Limmer’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Limber).

=limmer,= a scoundrel, rascal, rogue. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earine); Dalrymple, tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. ix. 219; lymmer, Holinshed Hist. Irel. (Nares). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=limp,= a ‘limpet’. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 189. A Cumberland word (EDD.).

=lin,= a pool. Drayton, Pol. v. 118; vi. 22. In Scotland and the Border country linn is used for the pool at the base of a waterfall, see EDD. (s.v. Linn, sb.^{1} 2). Gael linne; Irish linn; Welsh llyn, a pool.

=lin,= to cease. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; Puritan Widow, iii. 5. 110; B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Tat.); Mirror for Mag. 77 (Nares). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. linne (King Horn, 1004); OE. linnan.

=line,= the lime or linden. Holland, Pliny, i. 541; line-grove, grove of lime-trees, Tempest, v. 1. 10. OE. lind and linde. See NED. (s.v. Lind).

=lingel,= a shoemaker’s waxed thread. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v.3 (Ralph); Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142; ‘Lyngell that souters sowe with, chefgros’, Palsgrave. ‘Lingel’ (or ‘lingle’) is the ordinary word for shoemaker’s thread in Scotland (EDD.). F. ligneul (Cotgr.).

=linsel, lynsel,= a sheet, a winding-sheet. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 83. F. linceul, a sheet; L. linteolum, dimin. of linteum, a linen cloth.

=lint,= flax, flaxen cloth; ‘Robes that brooke no lint’, admit of no flax; being of costly material, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 9, st. 68. In prov. use in Scotland and north of Ireland (EDD.).

=lint-staff,= a lint-stock or linstock, a staff with a forked head to hold a lighted match. Heywood, Challenge for Beauty, iii. 1 (Valladaura); vol. v, p. 35. See Dict. (s.v. Linstock).

=lion-drunk,= drunk as a lion. Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo). The four degrees of drunkenness were to be drunk as a sheep (good-humoured); as a lion (noisy); as an ape (foolish); and as a swine (bestial). See note to Chaucer (C. T. H. 44), in Complete Works.

=liquor,= to lubricate; to anoint with grease. Bacon, Nat. History, § 117; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 106.

=liripoop,= chiefly in phrases to know or have (one’s) liripoop, to teach (a person) his liripoop. It means something to be learned and acted or spoken; lyrypoope, Newton, Lemnie’s Complex. vii. 58 (NED.); ‘I will teach thee thy lyrripups’, Stanyhurst, Desc. Irel. in Holinshed, ii. 35; lerripoope, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Prisius); leerypoope, Sapho, i. 3 (Cryticus). Used in the sense of a trick, lerrepoop, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, i. 1 (Sir Gregory); London Prodigal, iv. 1. 2. Cp. ‘lerry’, Linc. word for a trick (EDD.). See =lerry.=

=lirrypoope,= a silly person, Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1. See Nares (s.v. Liripoop). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Lirripoop).

=list,= a stripe of colour. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 306; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. vi, c. 11. Hence listed, striped, Milton, P. L. xi. 866. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. List, sb.^{1} 3). F. liste, a list or selvedge (Cotgr.).

=listeth, list,= impers. it is pleasing to; ‘Ys yt not lawfull for me to do as me listeth with myne awne’, Tyndale, Matt. xx. 15; ‘Me list . . . This idle task to undertake’, Peele, Arraignm. Paris, i. 2; ‘When me lest’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 247.

=litch-owl,= the ‘lich-owl’, screech-owl, whose cry portended death; ‘The shrieking Litch-owl that doth never cry But boding death’, Drayton, The Owl, 302; like-owle, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. x, c. 23 (i. 283c). See EDD. (s.v. Lich). ME. liche, a body, a dead body (Chaucer). OE. līc.

=lithe, lythe,= a joint; out of lythe, out of joint, Morte Arthur, leaf 58, back, 10; bk. iii, c. 13. ME. lyth, a limb (Prompt.). OE. lið.

=lither,= pliant, supple, yielding; ‘The lither skie’, 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 21; see NED. ‘Lither’ is used in this sense in Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Lither, adj.^{2}). Probably the same word as ‘lither’, lazy, sluggish. OE. lȳðre, bad (morally and physically).

=little-ease,= pillory, stocks; a very small compartment in a prison. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1. 9. Also called small-ease. See Nares.

=little-son,= a grandson. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 22 (in Shak. Plut., p. 271).

=liver.= Supposed to be the seat of love; to which idea allusions are common. Temp. iv. 56; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 121. Also, the seat of courage; Twelfth Nt. iii. 2. 22. To be lily-livered, or milk-livered, or pigeon-livered, or white-livered, is to lack courage, to be cowardly.

=livery,= a suit of clothes bestowed on retainers or servants, 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 11; instance of livery, badge of service; Ford, Broken Heart, iv. 1 (Nearchus). Hence liveried, ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’, Milton, Comus, 455. F. livrée, ‘a delivery of a thing that’s given, the thing so given, hence, a livery; ones cloth, colours, or device worn by servants or others’ (Cotgr.); Med. L. liberata (Ducange). See Dict.

=loave ears,= drooping ears. Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Morisco).

=lob,= a lubber, a clown. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 10; Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). Cp. Du. lobben, ‘a lubbard, a clowne’ (Hexham). A Lancashire word, see EDD. (s.v. Lob, sb.^{2}).

=lobcock,= a lubber; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3 (end). In prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).

=Lob’s pound,= prison; also fig. a state of great difficulty or entanglement; a fix. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1 (Chichon); Butler, Hud. i. 3. 910. Also Hob’s pound. See Nares.

=lodam,= the name of a game of cards; ‘Carica l’asino, the play at cards that we call, Load him’ (Florio); in one form, called losing loadum, the loser won the game, ‘Coquimbert qui gaigne pert, a game at cards, like our losing Lodam’, Cotgrave; Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam).

=lodesman,= a pilot, guide; ‘Lodesman of a shippe, Pilotte’, Palsgrave; ‘A lodes-man’, Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 184. ME. lodesman, pilot (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1488). OE. lādmann.

=lodesmate,= (?) a travelling companion. Only in Gascoigne, Glasse Govt. v. 3 (Phylocalus), in Poems (ed. 1870, ii. 77).

=loffe,= to laugh. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 55. In EDD. loff (lough) is given as the infin. of ‘laugh’ in many parts of England (western from Lanc. to Cornwall). In Lanc. they say ‘he lough’ for ‘he laughed’. ME. lough, pret. of laughe (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 248); OE. hlōh, laughed.

=loft,= uplifted, elated; ‘In neyther fortune loft, nor yet represt’, Surrey, Of the death of Sir T. W., ii. 27, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 29; and see the same Misc., p. 235, l. 11.

=loggats,= a game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as possible to a stake fixed in the ground or a block of wood on a floor. Hamlet, v. 1. 99. See EDD.

=lol,= that which lolls; the tongue. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 442. See EDD. (s.v. Loll, vb.^{2}: Loller, ‘the tongue’).

=lollard,= lazy, idle, sluggish; ‘The lolearde Asse’, Turbervile, That all things have release, st. 3. The word ‘lollard’ for a lazy person is used in Cumberland (EDD.).

=Lombard,= a native of Lombardy; ‘A Lumbarde, longobardus’, Levins, Manip. 30; a Lombard engaged as a money-changer or pawnbroker, Greene, Mourn. Garm. 44 (NED.); also, a money-lender’s office, a pawnshop, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Kate). Norm. F. lombard, lumbart, ‘usurier, prêteur sur gages’ (Moisy). See =lumber.=

=lome,= a bucket. Mirror for Mag., Godwin, st. 55. ‘Loom’ is in use in many parts of Scotland for a vessel of any kind, see EDD. (s.v. 4).

=long,= to belong. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. ME. longen, to belong (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2278); OE. langian.

=longee,= a ‘lunge’, a complimental bow to a lady. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 159. See Dict. (s.v. Lunge).

=longtails;= see =Kentish long-tails.=

=loos,= praise, fame. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12. ME. los, praise (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1514); OF. los, loos; O. Prov. laus, praise; L. laudes, pl. of laus, praise.

=loose,= the act of discharging an arrow. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2. 5; Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 146).

=lope,= to run. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s Song); Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan); Gascoigne, Fruites Warre, lii (NED.). They say in Essex, ‘He went lopin’ along’, see EDD. (s.v. Loup, vb.^{1} 8). Du. loopen, ‘to runne or to trot’ (Hexham).

=lopeman,= a runner. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 8.

=lorel,= a worthless person, rogue, blackguard; ‘I am laureate, I am no lorelle’, Skelton, Against Garnesche. See NED. ME. lorel, ‘Lewede lorel!’ (P. Plowman, A. viii. 123). See =Cock Lorel.=

=loring,= instruction. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 42. (A rime-word; formed fr. lore.)

=lote,= in Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 802, represents Gk. λωτός, some kind of clover or trefoil, see NED. (s.v. Lote, sb.^{1} 2).

=lought,= loath. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, i. 1 (Old Forrest); vol. vi, p. 364. ‘Loft’ is in prov. use in Oxfordsh. and Kent as a pronunc. of ‘loath’ (EDD.).

=loup-garou,= a werwolf, a man changed into the form of a wolf. North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Story of Timon). F. loup-garou; F. loup, wolf + garou, a werwolf, cp. MHG. werwolf, man-wolf; OE. werewulf, so that in loup-garou there is a tautological repetition of two words for ‘wolf’—one of Latin and the other of Teutonic origin. See Hatzfeld.

=lour, lowre,= money (Cant); ‘Lour to bouze with’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Harman, Caveat, p. 85.

=lourdain,= a general term of opprobrium, a sluggard, vagabond. Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, ch. 13; Drayton, Sheph. Garl. (ed. 1593, K 2), see Nares; ‘Let alone makes mony lurdon’, Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. 1678, p. 383). See EDD. (s.v. Lurdane). ME. lordayne (lurdayn), ‘lurco’ (Prompt. EETS. 269 and 272); OF. lourdein, ‘sot, stupide’ (Roquefort), deriv. of lourd, heavy, dull.

=loute,= to bend, bow, make obeisance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; v. 8. 50. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lout, vb.^{2} 1). ME. loute (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 683); OE. lūtan, to stoop.

=louver,= an aperture with a shutter or flap; ‘He put abrode the louvres of the tente’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; spelt lover, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 42. A north-country word still in use (EDD.). ME. lovere, ‘lodium’ (Prompt. EETS. 271, see note, no. 1294); OF. lover, lovier (Godefroy).

=lover-hole,= an opening in a ‘louver’, Shirley, Honoria, iii. 4 (Alamode).

=love,= to praise, to appraise; ‘I love, as a chapman loveth his ware that he wyll sell’, Palsgrave. ME. loven: ‘lovon and bedyn as chapmen’ (Prompt. EETS. 277); OE. lofian, to praise, to value; cp. G. loben.

=lovery,= a ‘louver’. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. v. 72.

=loves.= The phrases for all loves, of all loves (or love), upon all love, for love’s sake, are all phrases indicating strong entreaty, like our for my sake, for his sake. ‘Speake of all loves’, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 153. ‘Of all loves’ is a Derb. form of entreaty, see EDD. (s.v. Love, sb.^{1} 3).

=low-bell,= a hand-bell used in fowling, to make the birds lie close; ‘Take a low-bell which must have a deep and hollow sound’, Gentleman’s Recreation, Fowling, 39 (Nares); ‘As timorous larks amazed are With light and with a low-bell’, St. George for England, st. 5 (written in 1688), in Percy’s Reliques (ed. Bohn, ii. 329). It is probably this kind of bell which Petruchio means when he says to Maria: ‘Peace, gentle low-bell!’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3.

=low-men,= loaded dice that produced low throws. London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.

=lubric, lubrick,= incontinent, wanton. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Win.); Dryden, Ode to Mrs. Killigrew, 63; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). Med. L. lubricus, ‘impudicus, salax’ (Ducange).

=lubrican,= the ‘leprechaun’; in Irish folk-lore, a pigmy sprite who always carries a purse containing a shilling (NED.); ‘Your Irish lubrican’, Dekker, Honest Wh., 2nd Pt. iii. 1 (Hippolito); Drayton, Agincourt. For full particulars of this tricky little sprite, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 284. Irish lupracán (also, lughracán, lugharcán) a ‘leprechaun’ (Dinneen, p. 450). See EDD. (s.v. Leprechaun).

=lucern,= a lynx. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); lucerns (= θῶες), Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 417; id., Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); luzern, Peele, Device of a Pageant. Cp. early mod. G. lüchsern, pertaining to the lynx, deriv. of luchs, a lynx (NED.).

=lug,= the ear. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (P. Canter); Return from Parnassus (last scene); hence, lugg’d, furnished with ‘lugs’ or flaps, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 174. ‘Lug’ is very common in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.^{2} 1).

=lug,= a measure of land. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 11. In prov. use in the Midlands and south-west counties from Warwicksh. to Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.^{3} 5).

=lug,= to pull, drag about. Hamlet, iii. 4. 212; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83; ‘Head-lugged bear’, King Lear, iv. 2. 42. In common colloq. use (EDD.).

=lugge,= a stiff bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 28; ‘Vastus arcus, a lugge or mighty bigge bowe’, Cooper.

=lull,= pleasant soothing drink; ‘A Cup of blessed lull’, The London Chanticleers, scene 9 (Heath). Not found elsewhere.

=lumber,= a pawnbroking establishment; ‘Mónte de piedád, a lumber or bancke to lend money for a yeare, for those that need, without interest’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. Phr. to put to lumber, to put in pawn, ‘To put one’s Clothes to Lumbar, pignori dare’, Skinner. See =Lombard.=

=Luna,= an alchemist’s name for silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). ME. ‘Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe’ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 826).

=lunary,= moonwort, the fern called Botrychium Lunaria. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 50; Lyly, Endimion, ii. 3 (End.); iv. 3 (Gyptes); Sapho, iii. 3 (Ismena); B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). ME. lunarie (Chaucer).

=lune,= a ‘loyn’ or thong for a hawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 104, back, 12; bk. vi, c. 16. ME. loigne (Rom. Rose, 3882). OF. loigne, a cord. Med. L. longia, ‘lorum’ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Loyn).

=lunes,= fits of frenzy, mad freaks. Winter’s Tale, ii. 2. 30. F. lune, humour, whim; ‘Il y a de la lune, he is a foolish, humorous, hare-brain’d, giddy-headed fellow’ (Cotgr.); cp. G. laune, whim, humour; fr. L. luna, the moon.

=lungis,= a long, slim fellow; one who is long in doing anything. Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, ii. 3. 4; ‘Longis or a long slymme, lungurio’, Huloet; ‘Lungis, a slim slow-back, a drowsy or dreaming Fellow’, Phillips (ed. 1706). F. ‘Longis, nom propre d’un personnage légendaire, qui aurait percé de sa lance le flanc de Jésus Christ; le sens est dû à l’influence de long: Celui qui est long à faire qqch.’ (Hatzfeld). Longinus was said to have been the soldier who pierced the Lord’s side with his lance (λόγχη); his martyrdom at Caesarea in Cappadocia was commemorated March 15; see Dict. Christ Antiq. (s.v.).

=lupus est in fabula,= there is a wolf coming to interrupt our talk. A proverb used on the occasion of a sudden silence; from the idea that a man becomes dumb if a wolf happens to see him before the man sees the wolf. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 322 (p. 93, col. 1); see Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, ch. 8. The superstition is referred to by Virgil, Ecl. ix. 54. The proverb occurs in Terence, Adelphi, iv. 1. 21. See Büchmann, Geflügelte Worte (ed. 1905, p. 441).

=lurch,= to remain in or about a place secretly, esp. with an evil design. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 26; to be beforehand in getting something, to get hold of by stealth, Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2; to deprive, rob, Coriolanus, ii. 2. 106. A north-country word (EDD.).

=lurden,= a term of reproach, Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 4. See =lourdain.=

=lush,= luxuriant, succulent. Temp. ii. 1. 52. In prov. use in Lakeland and Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Lush, adj.^{1}). ME. lusch or slak, ‘laxus’ (Prompt.).

=lusk,= to lie idle, to indulge in laziness. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 30, st. 15. Cp. ‘lusk’, a Linc. word for an idle worthless fellow (EDD.). Hence luskye, lazy; ‘Thy luskye nest’, Drayton, The Owl, 111; luskishness, sluggishness, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 35.

=lustick, lustique,= merry, jolly. All’s Well, ii. 3. 47; ‘Rusticke and lusticke’, Dekker, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. Du. lustigh, pleasant (Hexham); deriv. of lust, pleasure. See NED.

=lustihead,= jollity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 51.

=lustless,= listless, feeble. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20; Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 4. 2. ME. lustles (Gower, C. A. ii. 2024; iv. 3455).

=luxur,= an incontinent man. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. 9.

=luxury,= lasciviousness. Middleton, A Game at Chess, ii; A Mad World, iii. 2 (Mis. H.); Hamlet, i. 5. 83. ME. luxurie (Chaucer, C. T. B. 925). Late L. luxuria (in Vulgate = ἀσωτία, Eph. v. 18).

=luzern;= see =lucern.=

=lyam;= see =liam.=

=lycanthropi,= persons suffering from lycanthropia, or wolf-madness. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Franciscus); Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. λυκάνθρωπος, a wer-wolf, a man who thought he was changed into a wolf, or who was thought by others to be so changed.

=lyers;= see =leare.=

=lylse-wulse,= linsey-woolsey. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 128. Lylsey is an older form of Linsey (Suffolk), where cloth was once made. Wulse furnishes a pun on the name of Wolsey.

=lym,= a lyam-hound, or one held by a leash. King Lear, iii. 6. 72. Short for lyam-hound. See =liam.=

=lymiter;= see =limiter.=

=lythe;= see =lithe.=

M

=M,= abbreviation for Master as a conventional title. Phr. to have (or carry) an M under one’s girdle, to use a respectful prefix (Mr. or Mrs.) when addressing or mentioning a person; ‘You might carry an M under your girdle to Mr. Deputy’s worship’, B. Jonson, &c., Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (Constable); ‘Have you nere an M under your girdle’, Great Britons Honycombe (Nares); ‘You might have an M under your Girdle, Miss’, Swift, Polite Conversation; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 133. [‘Ye might hae had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood’, Scott, Old Mortality, xxix.]

=mace-proof,= proof against fear of bailiffs or mace-carrying serjeants. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Bonamico); Gamester, iii. 1 (Lord F.).

=mackrel gale,= a fresh gale, when mackerel are more easily caught. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 456.

=maculate,= to stain, defile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 26, § 8; maculated, spotted, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 29, § 9. L. maculare, to spot; from macula, a spot.

=mad=(=de,= a maggot or grub, esp. the larva which causes a disease in sheep. Tusser, Husbandry, § 50; Best, Farming Books (Surtees Soc., 6); Worlidge, Syst. Agric. 273; an earthworm, ‘Mooles take mads’, Warner, Alb. England, ii. 9, st. 52; Holland, Pliny, ii. 361. See =mathe.=

=maddle-coddle,= foolish. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 391. See EDD. (s.v. Maddle).

=Madrill,= Madrid. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1 (Pedro); ii. 1 (Alvarez); Marvell, Appleton House. Cp. Span. Madrileño, a native or inhabitant of Madrid.

†=magar,= some kind of ship. Only in Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 86; p. 90, col. 2.

=mage,= a magician. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 14. L. magus, pl. magi, ‘the Wise Men’ (Vulgate, Matt. ii. 1).

=maggot-pate,= a light-headed whimsical person. Beaumont and Fl., Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Milanes).

=maggot-pye,= a magpie. Macbeth, iii. 4. 125; ‘Gazzotto, a maggot-a-pie’, Florio. ‘Magot’ was a pet name for Margaret, see Bardsley, English Surnames, 76. F. Margot, ‘diminutif très familier de Marguerite, nom vulgaire de la pie’ (Littré). ‘Maggotty-pie’ is in prov. use in Wilts., Somerset, and Cornwall for the magpie, see EDD. (s.v. Maggot, sb.^{2}).

=magisterium,= lit. mastery; a name for the ‘philosopher’s stone’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). See Ducange.

=magnificate,= to magnify; ‘A church reformed state, The which the female tongues magnificate’, Marston, Sat. ii. 42; ridiculed by Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); p. 130.

=magnificence,= liberality of expenditure combined with good taste. Massinger, Renegado, ii. 4 (Vitelli); Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Charles). Cp. Chaucer, C. T. I. 736.

=magnificent,= munificent, liberal. Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius); Parl. of Love, iv. 1 (Dinant).

=maid,= a name given to the thornback and skate, when young. A Woman never vexed, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 112; Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104; Gay, Trivia, ii. 292. In prov. use in Ireland and various parts of England, see EDD.

=mail,= in hawking, to tie or wrap up a hawk with a girdle or kerchief, to secure her. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain); Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 3 (Gerasto). See NED. (s.v. Mail, vb.^{3} 2).

=main,= in the game of hazard, a number (from five to nine inclusive) called by the caster before the dice are thrown; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 47; mains, throws at dice; Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Quadratus). See NED. (s.v. Main, sb.^{3} 1).

=mainprize,= suretyship, acceptance of suretyship. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 60; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); ‘Mainprise, the receiving a man into friendly custody, that otherwise is or might be committed to prison, upon security given for his forthcoming at a day assigned’, Cowell, Interpreter (ed. 1637). Anglo-F. maynprys (Rough List).

=maiordomo,= ‘major-domo’, the chief officer or servant of a princely or wealthy household. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4 (ed. Arber, 158). Span. mayordomo, a steward (Stevens).

=maistry,= a competitive feat of strength or skill. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 17, § 4; masteries, Bacon, Essay 19, § 3.

=make,= a companion, husband, wife. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 7; iii. 11. 2. Hence makeless, widowed, Shak., Sonnet 9. ME. make, a mate, equal, match; a wedded companion, husband or wife (Chaucer). Still in use in these senses in Scotland, also in England in many parts from the north to Glouc. OE. gemaca.

=makeless,= matchless, incomparable, Mirror for Mag, Buckingham, st. 13.

=make-bate,= a mischief-maker, promoter of quarrels. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 573 (ed. Arber, 62); BIBLE, 2 Tim. iii. 3 (margin); Titus ii. 3 (margin); ‘Satan the author and sower of discord stirred up his instruments, certain Frenchmen, tittivillers and makebaits about the King’, Foxe, Bk. Martyrs (ed. Cattley, ii. 648); Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Nicholas). In prov. use in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Make, vb.^{1} 3).

=making,= a match-making, matching. Middleton, A Trick to catch, iii. 3 (Witgood).

=malakatoon,= a quince, a peach grafted on a quince. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio); malicatoon, Rowley, All’s Lost, i. 3. 15. See =melocotone.=

=malander, mallander,= a dry scabby eruption behind the knee in horses. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 94; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem). F. malandre; Late L. malandria, pl. pustules on the neck, esp. in horses (Vegetius).

=male,= a bag, wallet, pack. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142. 2; ‘Male or wallet, to putte geare in’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. 4. ME. male (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3115). See Dict. (s.v. Mail, 2).

=male-ease,= indisposition, illness. Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 2; bk. viii, c. 41. F. malaise.

=malefice,= an evil deed. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1154. L. maleficium, evil deed.

=malengin, malengine,= evil contrivance, ill intent, deceit. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 53; v. 9. 5. ME. malengin: ‘The florin Was moder ferst of malengin’ (Gower, C. A. v. 345). Anglo-F. malengin, evil device (Gower, Mirour, 6544); cp. engin, device, trickery, id., 2102.

=maleur,= misfortune. Spelt maleheure, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 169. 1; maleure, id., lf. 244, back, 22. OF. maleur; L. malum augurium, evil destiny.

=maleurous,= unlucky. Spelt malewreus, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 82. 26. OF. maleuros (F. malheureux).

=maleurtee,= misfortune. Spelt maleheurte, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 338. 15. See NED.

=male-uryd,= ill-omened, unlucky. Skelton, Against the Scottes, 111. See =ure= (destiny).

=malgrado,= ‘maugre’, in despite of, to the loss of; ‘Malgrado of his honour’, Greene, Orl. Fur. v. 2 (Orlando); Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5. 5. Ital. malgrado, ‘in despight of’ (Florio). Cp. =maugre.=

=malice,= to regard with malice, seek to injure. Surrey. Complaint of a Lover that defied Love, 34 (in Tottell’s Misc., p. 8); North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 13 (in Shak. Plut., p. 23). See Nares.

=malkin,= an untidy female servant, a slut, slattern. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 227; Pericles, iv. 3. 34; used as a term of abuse, a lewd woman, spelt maukin, Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); Death of E. Huntington, ii. 1 (Hubert), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 258. ‘Malkin’ (‘Mawkin’) is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland for a slattern, and as a term of abuse, see EDD. (s.v. Mawkin, 2). It is prop. a dimin. of the Christian name Maud (ME. Malde), a F. equivalent of Matilda.

=mall,= a club. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 51; an iron club, id., iv. 5. 42. As vb., to beat down, id., v. 11. 8.

=malleation,= the test of hammering. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). From L. malleus, a hammer.

=malleted,= infixed as if by a ‘mallet’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 649.

=maltalent,= ill-will. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 61. ME. maltalent, ill-will, ill-humour (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 273 and 330); Anglo-F. maltalant, ill-humour (Ch. Rol. 271).

=mammer,= to waver, to be undecided. Othello, iii. 3. 70; Drant, tr. Horace, 2 Sat. 3. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. mamere, ‘mutulare’ (Voc. 668. 26). See Nares.

=mammet,= a puppet, an odd figure, freq. used as a term of abuse. Romeo, iii. 5. 186; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 95; spelt maumet, Machin, The Dumb Knight, iii. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mommet). ME. maumet, an idol, a false god (Chaucer, C. T. I. 860); OF. mahumet, an idol, orig. Mahomet, who was supposed to be one of the false gods of the Saracens (Ch. Rol. 2590).

=mammock,= a scrap, shred. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 654; to tear into shreds, Coriolanus, i. 3. 71. ‘Mammock’, a broken piece, scrap, slice of food; to cut into pieces—in prov. use (EDD.).

=mammothrept,= a spoiled child, weakling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Amorphus). Gk. μαμμόθρεπτος, brought up by one’s grandmother.

=man,= to ‘squire’, or accompany a lady, to escort. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 291); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Amaranta).

=manable,= used of a girl of marriageable age. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 4 (Gudgeon); ‘She’s manable’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, ii. 1 (Otrante).

=manage,= management, control. Richard II, iii. 3. 179; Edw. III, iii. 3. 224.

=manchet,= a small loaf of white bread. Drayton, Pol., Song, xvi. 229; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger). In prov. use in Yorks., Lanc., and in the west country (EDD.). Norm. F. manchette, ‘pain à croûte dure, inégale, fait en forme de couronne’ (Moisy). Prob. the same word as F. manchette, a cuff (Hatzfeld).

=manderer;= see =maunder.=

=mandilion,= a soldier’s cloak. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 120; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. Ital. mandiglione, a jacket (Florio), deriv. of Med. L. mantile, cp. Span. mantilla. See Dozy, Glossaire, 299.

=mandragora,= mandrake. Othello, iii. 3. 330; Ant. and Cl. i. 5. 4. Gk. μανδραγόρας.

=mandrake,= the plant Atropa mandragora; of a strong narcotic quality. Its root was thought to resemble the human figure, and to cause madness by its shriek or groan when torn from the ground. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 310; Romeo, iv. 3. 47; a term of abuse, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 16; iii. 2. 342.

=mandritta, mandrita,= in fencing, a cut from right to left. Nabbes, Microcosmos, i. 2 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 56. Ital. mandritto, manritto, ‘a right handed blow’ (Florio).

=maner, manner:= in phr. to be taken with the maner, to be taken in the act. BIBLE, Num. v. 13 (ed. 1611); also, in the Geneva Bible (1562); 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 350; Winter’s Tale, iv. 3 (or 4), 755. ‘If the Defendant were taken with the mainour (or manour)’, Cowell, Interpreter (s.v. Mainour); ‘He is taken with the maynure’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii. c. 7, § 6. Compare the Anglo-F. legal phrase pris ov mainoure, and the L. cum manuopere captus, i.e. taken with the thing stolen in one’s possession (Ducange, s.v. Manopera); mainoure, lit. hand-work, acquired the legal sense of ‘thing stolen’. Later, to be taken in the (i’th) manner, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Mainour).

=mangonize,= to sell men or boys for slaves. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca). L. mangonizare, to trim up an article for sale (Pliny); mango, a dealer in slaves and wares.

=manicon,= the name of a narcotic, obtained from a kind of night-shade, so called from its supposed power of causing madness; ‘(Who) Bewitch hermetic men to run Stark staring mad with manicon’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 324. See Alphita, 176 (under Strignus manicon, and Solatrum mortale). Cp. Gk. στρύχνος μανικός (Dioscorides).

=maniple,= a handful, bundle. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Dia.); a band of men, Milton, Areopagitica (ed. Hales, 48). See Dict.

=manner;= see =maner.=

=manred,= the men whom the lord could call upon in time of war; hence, a supply of fighting men; ‘Manred and retinew’, Holland, Camden’s Brit., Scot. ii. 17 (NED.); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 644 and 710 (L. orig. ‘cohors’). OE. mannrǣden, homage, service due from tenants.

=manticore,= a fabulous animal, compounded of a lion, porcupine, and scorpion, with a human head. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 118 and 124; ‘Mantichoras, monstrous beasts’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v (Butler). Gk. μαντιχώρας, a corrupt reading for μαρτιχόρας in Aristotle; from a Persian word meaning ‘man-eater’. See NED.

=manto,= a cloak. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 700. Ital. manto.

=mantoon,= a mantle. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Ital. mantone, manto, a cloak (Florio).

=manurage,= cultivation of land. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, c. 14, st. 1.

=map,= a mop. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); ‘Map’ is a Yorks. pronunc. of ‘mop’ (EDD.).

=maquerelle,= a bawd, a procuress. Westward Ho, v. 3; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Second Antimasque). F. maquerelle, ‘a (woman) bawd, the solicitrix of Lechery’ (Cotgr.).

=marablane,= an Oriental aromatic. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Spaniard). See =myrobalane.=

=marasmus,= a wasting away of the body. Milton, P. L. xi. 487. Gk. μαρασμός.

=marchesite;= ‘marcasite’; a kind of iron pyrites. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Ital. marchesita, marcasita, ‘a marquesit, or fire-stone, good to make mill-stones’ (Florio).

=marcussotte,= to cut the beard in a particular way; ‘And with a sythe doth marcussotte his bristled berd’, Golding, Metam. xiii. 766; fol. 163 (1603). F. Barbe faicte à la marquisotte, ‘Cut after the Turkish fashion; all being shaven away but the mustachoes’ (Cotgr.).

=mare,= the nightmare. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 83. ME. mare or nyȝhte mare, ‘epialtes’ (Prompt.). OE. mare, Icel. mara.

=mare:= in phr. to ride the wild mare, to play at see-saw. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 268; the two-legged mare, the gallows, Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 335, 345.

=mare;= ‘the blues’, melancholy; ‘Away the mare’, Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 110; ‘Let pass away the mare’, Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 57.

=mare,= a term in wrestling; a particular kind of grip. Drayton, Pol. i. 244. Also called the flying mare; see NED.

=mareyse,= a marsh. Morte Arthur, leaf 113. 5; bk. vi, c. 14; lf. 217. 17; bk. x, c. 1. OF. mareis; Med. L. mariscus (Ducange).

=margaret, margarite,= a pearl. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 76; p. 90, col. 1; A Looking-Glasse, i. 1. 100 (Rasni). F. Marguerite, ‘Margaret (a woman’s name); also a (Margarite) pearl’ (Cotgr.). L margarita, Gk. μαργαρίτης, a pearl.

=marge,= margin, brink, border. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. Drayton, Pol. ii. 25. F. marge.

=margery-prater,= a hen (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 83. Prater = cackler.

=marginal finger,= an index-hand in the margin of a book (☞); used to direct attention to a striking passage. Massinger, Fatal Dowry (Romont; towards the end).

=mark,= a coin worth 13_s._ 4_d._, or 2/3 of the £ sterling. Measure for M. iv. 3. 7; King John, ii. 530.

=mark-white,= white mark, centre. Phr. at the marke white, at the white mark in the centre of a target, Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; cp. the white, Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186. And see =rove.=

=marle,= to marvel, wonder. Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Carlo); a marvel, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 1 (Mrs. Otter). A Devon and Somerset pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marl, vb.^{3}).

=marlian,= a merlin, small hawk. Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 132, l. 1. A Cornish pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marlin).

=marling,= a ‘marline’, a small tarred cord used for binding ropes. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See Dict. (s.v. Marline).

=marmaritin,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. marmaritis; Gk. μαρμαρῖτις, a plant that grows in marble quarries (Pliny).

=marmoll,= an enflamed sore, esp. on the leg. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1932. See =mortmal.=

=marrow,= a companion, partner, mate. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57, st. 40; Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 195. In common prov. use in the north to Cheshire and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Marrow, sb.^{2} 1). ME. marwe, ‘socius, sodalis, compar’ (Prompt.).

=marry gip= (an exclamation); ‘Marry gip, thought I, with a wanion!’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Waspe); cp. the oath, By Mary Gipcy (i.e. by S. Mary of Egypt), Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1455.

=marry gup= (an exclamation); marie gup!, Lyly, Midas, v. 2 (Licio) See NED. (s.v. Marry, int., c).

=marry muff,= some kind of cheap textile fabric; ‘A sute of Marrymuffe’, Meeting of Gallants (NED.). Used as a derisive exclamation, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).

=Mars,= an alchemist’s name for iron. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face).

=mart:= phr. letters of mart, letters of marque, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, i. 3 (Goswin); Wife for a Month, ii. 1 (Tony). See Dict. (s.v. Marque).

=martagan,= martagon, Turk’s-cap lily; Lilium martagon. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Aiken). F. ‘martagon de Constantinople, the Byzantine Lilly’ (Cotgr.); Ital. martagone; Turk. martagān, a kind of turban, a martagon-lily.

=martel,= to hammer. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 42. OF. marteler, deriv. of OF. martel, a hammer.

=martern,= the ‘marten’, an animal of the weasel kind. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); Harrison, Descript. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). See Dict. (s.v. Marten).

=martialist,= a military man. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 17.

=Martlemas,= Martinmas. St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11. Meat was often killed at this time to be salted for use at Christmas, Greene, George-a-Greene (ll. 439, 1001), ed. Dyce, p. 260, col. 1; p. 266, col. 1; Martilmas, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; Tusser, § 12. 3. An E. Anglian form of Martinmas (EDD.).

=mary, maree,= marrow. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 66; maree, Golding, tr. of Met. ix. 172. ME. mary (Chaucer, C. T. C. 542); mary-bones, marrow-bones (id., C. T. A. 380).

=maryhinchco, maryhinchcho,= a disease to which horses are subject; ‘She has had a string-halt, the maryhinchco’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Knockem). Markham explains it thus: ‘The string-halt, of some called the mary-hinchcho, is a sodaine twitching up of the horses hinder legges’ (NED.).

=mash,= to become enmeshed or entangled. Warner, Albion’s England, vi. 29, st. 27. See NED. (s.v. Mesh, vb.).

=maship,= a shorter form of mastership, as a term of respect. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek).

=mask,= the ‘mesh’ of a net. Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6 (Mendacio). A Cheshire pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Maske). ME. maske, ‘macula’ (Prompt.); OE. max, cp. Dan. maske. See NED. (s.v. Mask, sb.^{1}).

=masticot, masticote,= ‘massicot’, yellow protoxide of lead, used as a pigment. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 13; pp. 130, 132. F. massicot, ‘oaker [ochre] made of Ceruse, or white lead’ (Cotgr.).

=mastlin,= mixed corn, esp. a mixture of wheat and rye. Tusser, Husbandry, § 63. 23; ‘Metail, Messling or Masslin, Wheat and Rie mingled, sowed and used together’, Cotgrave. ME. mestlyon or mongorne, ‘mixtilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). ‘Meslin’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.^{1}).

=mastlin, maslin,= a kind of brass. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 1 (Heuresis). In prov. use as an attrib.: maslin kettles, pans, pots, spoons, see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.^{2}). ME. maslin, also, mestling (NED.); OE. mæs(t)ling (B. T.).

=masty,= a mastiff. Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 4 (Witgood); used fig. of a cannon (from its noise). Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, iv. 1 (near the end). In prov. use in the north (EDD.). F. mastin, a mastive (Cotgr.); with change of suffix, cp. haughty (F. hautain).

=matachin,= a kind of sword-dancer in a fantastic costume; ‘They looked upon one another as if they had been Matachines’, Luna’s Pursuit (NED.); see Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, ii. 435, quotation in Nares. Also, the dance performed by ‘matachins’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Miramont); spelt mattacina, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 38). Span. matachin, ‘a sword-dancer; as dança de matachines, a dance with swords, in which they fence and strike at one another, as if they were in earnest; receiving the blows on their bucklers, and keeping time’ (Stevens). Of Arab. origin, see Dozy, 309.

=matador,= the slayer of the bull in a Spanish bull-fight. Dryden, Span. Friar, i. 2 (Elvira). Also, in the card-games of ombre and quadrille, a ‘killing’ or principal card, Pope, Rape of the Lock, 321, 335; Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). Span. matador, a killer; ‘At the game of Hombre on the cards, there are four Matadores; that is, four murdering cards; so called because they win all others’ (Stevens).

=matchecold,= machicolated; i.e. furnished with machicolations, which are openings between the corbels that support a projecting parapet of a tower; Morte Arthur, leaf 113, back; bk. vii, c. 10 (beginning). F. maschecoulis, ‘the stones over a gate resembling a grate through which offensive things are thrown upon Pioneers and other assailants’ (Cotgr.).

=matchless,= of things that are not a match, or pair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 28.

=mathe,= a maggot. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 18. 8, § 45; Caxton, Reynard, xxviii (ed. Arber, 69). OE. maða (Voc. 205. 8). See =mad=(=de==.=

=matted,= dulled, deprived of lustre or gloss; ‘Oile colours matted’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 12a (Appendix D. 116). See NED. (s.v. Mat, vb. 2).

=maugre,= to act in spite of, to defy. Webster, Appius, ii. 3 (App. Claudius). F. maugréer, ‘to curse, ban, blaspheme, revile extreamly’ (Cotgr.). See =malgrado.=

=maukin;= see =malkin.=

=maule,= a heavy hammer. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. See =mall.=

=maumet;= see =mammet.=

=maund,= to beg (Cant). ‘One that maunds Upon the pad’ [highway], B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy Canter); ‘Maunde, aske . . . hygh pad, hygh waye’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Maund on your own pads’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Hence, maunder, a beggar, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See EDD. (s.v. Maund, vb.). OF. mandier (F. mendier), to beg (Bartsch), L. mendicare.

=maunder,= to beg. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 1 (De Vitry); hence maunderer: ‘a maunderer upon the pad’, a beggar on the road, Dekker and Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Teareat).

=maunder,= to grumble, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1 (Margarite). In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.).

=maundie,= a maundy-dole; hence, almsgiving. Herrick, Noble Numbers (The Widow’s Teares), st. 3. ME. maundee, ‘maundy’, the washing of the disciples’ feet (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 140, see note, p. 239); OF. mandé,’ lavement des pieds’ (Didot); Eccles. L. mandatum, commandment (Vulgate, John xiii. 34); ‘ablutio pedum’ (Ducange).

=mauther,= a young girl. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). Spelt moether, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17, st. 13. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).

=maw,= a game at cards. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 16; Chapman, Mayday, Act v (Lodovico). See Nares.

=may,= a maiden. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 39; Greene, Description of the Shepherd, l. 57; ed. Dyce, p. 305. Of frequent occurrence in Scottish Ballads, see EDD. (s.v. May, sb.^{2}). ME. mai (Cursor M. 3238); OE. mǣg, a kinswoman, a maiden.

=May-game,= a mirthful spectacle (metaphorically). Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, i. 2. 10. ‘May games’ were the dancings and merry-makings round the May-pole, after the gathering of the May. See Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, pp. 149, 305); Herrick’s Hesperides (Corinna’s going a-Maying), &c.

=May-lord,= a young man chosen to preside over May-day festivities. Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Knight of the B. Pestle, iv. 5.

=mayneal;= see =menial.=

=maynure;= see =maner.=

=mazard, mazzard,= the head. Hamlet, v. 1. 97; Othello, ii. 3. 155. Spelt mazer, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 2 (Fustigo). A fig. use of mazer, a bowl. See Dict., and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 183.

=mazard,= to knock on the head, kill; ‘If I had not been a spirit, I had been mazarded’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin Goodfellow).

=meach;= see =mich.=

=meacock,= an effeminate person, a coward; ‘A meacock wretch’, Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 315; spelt mecocke, ‘As stout as a stockefish, as meeke as a mecocke’, Appius and Virginia (NED.).

=mean,= in music, the tenor or middle part, Two Gent. i. 2. 95. In use in Warwicksh. as late as 1850, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. It. mezzano, ‘a mean or countertenor in musick’, Florio. ME. mene, of songe, ‘Introcentus’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, ‘A Meyne, intercentus’ (Cath. Angl.).

=mean,= to lament, ‘moan’. Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 331. A north-country word for uttering a moaning sound, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, vb.^{2} 1). ME. mene, to bemoan (Cursor M. 18255). OE. mǣnan, to lament.

=meane,= mien, look. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 11. Probably an aphetic form of demean, see NED. (s.v. Mien).

=mease,= a mess, portion of food. Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 2 (570); p. 124, col. 2; a group of four, ‘A mease of men, quatuor’, Levins, Manip. Mease is a Yorks. form of mess, see EDD. (s.v. Mess, sb.^{1}). ME. mese, ‘ferculum’ (Cath. Angl.); mees of mete, ‘ferculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). F. més, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr.). See =mess.=

=meath,= ‘mead’; a sweet drink made with honey. Drayton, Pol. iv. 112; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.); Milton, P. L. v. 345. ‘Meath’, a drink made with honey, is in prov. use in Cheshire, Pembroke, Somerset, and Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Mead, sb.^{2}).

=meaze,= the ‘form’ of a hare. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See =muse.=

=mechal,= adulterous. Only in Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (O. Ger.); Rape of Lucrece, iv. 3 (Sextus). Gk. μοιχός, an adulterer.

=mecocke;= see =meacock.=

=meddle, medle,= to mingle, mix. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 61; Shep. Kal., April, 68. OF. medler, mesler (F. mêler), to mix.

=meech;= see =mich.=

†=meered;= ‘He being the meered question’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 10. Formation and sense doubtful; Schmidt explains: he being the only cause and subject of the war.

=meet,= to be even with; ‘I have heard of your tricks . . . I may live To meet thee’, Fletcher, Hon. Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Montague); id., Rule a Wife, v. 3 (Leon). Also, to meet with; ‘I’ll meet with you anon for interrupting me so’, Marlowe, Faust, x; ‘I shall find time to meet with them’, Englishmen for any Money, iii. 2 (Pisaro), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 513. See Nares.

=meg,= a guinea. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). See NED.

=meg-holly, by the,= a mild oath. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i, p. 40.

=meint, meynt,= mingled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 81; ment, F. Q. v. 5. 12; vi. 6. 25. ‘Ment’ is obsolescent in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Ment, pp.). ME. meynt, pp. of mengen (Lydgate, Storie of Thebes, 1260). OE. mengan, to mix. See Dict. M. and S.

=meiny, meinie,= a body of retainers. King Lear, ii. 4. 35; the common herd, Coriolanus, iii. 1. 65. Of freq. occurrence in north-country ballad literature for a company of followers, also, a crowd, throng, multitude, see EDD. (s.v. Menyie). ME. meynè, a household, family (Wyclif, Acts iii. 25). OF. maisnée, ‘famille’ (La Curne), see Ducange (s.v. Maisnada). A deriv. of L. mansio (an abode). See =menial.=

=mell,= to meddle, to have to do with. All’s Well, iv. 3. 257; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 1; v. 12. 35. In common prov. use in Scotland, also in Yorks. and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Mell, vb.^{2} 1. to mingle, 2. to meddle). ME. melle, to mix (Hampole, Ps. ix. 9). OF. meller, mesler (F. mêler).

=mell,= honey. Gascoigne, Works, i. 102; Herrick, Hesperides, Pray and Prosper, 4. L. mel.

=melocotone,= a peach grafted on a quince. Bacon, Essay 46; melicotton, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Winwife). Span. melocoton, Med. L. melum cotoneum, Gk. μῆλον Κυδώνιον, ‘Cydonian apple’ (NED.). See =malakatoon.=

=melotte,= a garment of skins, worn by monks. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 866. L. melota (Vulgate); Gk. μηλωτή, a sheepskin; also, a skin of any animal (Heb. xi. 37). See Prompt. EETS. 191 (and Latin Glossary, p. 819).

=menial,= a servant of the household; ‘The great Housekeeper of the World . . . will never leave any of his menials without the bread of sufficiency’, Bp. Hall, Balm Gilead, xii. § 4; mayneal, Morte Arthur, leaf 215, back, 35; bk. x, c. 11. See =meiny.=

=ment;= see =meint.=

=merce,= to ‘amerce’, to fine. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, i (Sir Wil. Scarborow; l. 12 from end).

=merchant,= a fellow, a chap. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 57; Romeo, ii. 4. 153; Latimer, Serm., 115 (Nares). Phr. to play the merchant with, to get the better of, to cheat, Rowley, Woman never Vext, iv. 1. 51.

=mercify,= to pity. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 32.

=mercurial finger,= the little finger. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). In chiromancy the little finger was assigned to Mercury.

=merds,= fæces, excrement. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). L. merda.

=mere, mear,= a boundary, limit; spelt meare. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 46; Drayton, Pol. xix. 405. Hence, meer-stone, Bacon, Essay 56, § 1. In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mear). ME. mere (Prompt, EETS. 286). OE. ge)mǣre, boundary.

=mere, mear,= to mark out by means of ‘meres’; ‘The Latine name Which mear’d her rule with Africa’, Spenser, Ruines Rome, xxii; to mear on, to abut upon, border upon, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 520.

=mere,= absolute, complete, unqualified, Merry Wives, iv. 5. 64; wholly, completely, All’s Well, iii. 5. 58; Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 4. 9; merely, absolutely, entirely, Temp. i. 1. 21; Hamlet, i. 2. 137.

=meridian,= a period of repose at noon; ‘Ye, a meridian to lul him by daylight’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 30. Monastic L. meridiana, ‘somnus meridianus’ (Ducange). Cp. Ital. meriggiána, ‘midday; a pleasant shady place to feed, to rest, or sleep, and recreate in at noon, or in the heat of the day’ (Florio).

=mermaid,= a cant term for a courtesan. Massinger, Old Law, iv. 1 (Agatha).

=merrygall, merrygald,= a gall or sore produced by chafing; ‘Heales a merrygald’, Turbervile, Hunting, p. 139; ‘Merry-gals and raw places’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxi, c. 18; vol. ii. 101.

=mesel,= a foul person; used as a term of abuse; spelt messel, London Prodigal, ii. 4. 74; iv. 1. 78. In Devon and Somerset, meazle is used as a term of abuse, meaning a filthy creature. ME. mesel, a leper (Wyclif, Matt. x. 8). OF. mesel ‘lépreux’ (Didot); O. Prov. mezel, ‘lépreux’, mezelia, ‘lèpre’ (Levy).

=mesprise,= contempt, scorn. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 39. F. mespris, ‘contempt, neglect’ (Cotgr.), deriv. of mespriser, to fail to appreciate. F. mépris.

=mesprize,= mistake. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 19. Anglo-F. mesprise, error, offence (Gower, Mirour, 1548). F. méprise, cp. mesprendre, to mistake (Cotgr.).

=mess,= a group of four persons or things; ‘Where are your mess of sons to back you now?’, 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 73; L. L. L. iv. 3. 207; ‘There lacks a fourth thing to make up the mess’, Latimer, Serm. v; ‘A mess of most eminent men, Nicolaus Lyra . . . Hieronymus de Sanctâ Fide . . . Ludovicus Carettus . . . Emmanuel Tremellius’, Fuller, A Pisgah Sight, Pt. ii, bk. 5; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, 393); Heywood, Witches of Lanc. i. 1 (Shakstone), in Wks. iv. 173. A ‘mess’ at the Inns of Court still consists of four. See Trench, Select Glossary. See EDD. (s.v. Mess, sb.^{1} 4). F. més, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr ). Med. L. missus (Ducange). See =mease.=

=messe:= phr. by the messe, by the mass, used in oaths and asseverations. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2201; ‘By the Mes’, Hen. V, iii. 2. 122; also, mess by itself, ‘Mess! I’d rather kiss these Gentlewomen’, Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 3 (Ben). This asseveration is still in prov. use in various forms in the north country: By th’ mass (Lanc.); By th’ mess (Westm.); Amess, Mess (Cumb.), see EDD. (s.v. Mass, sb.^{1} 3). F. messe, the mass, the Eucharist.

=messling;= see =mastlin.=

=met,= measure. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 333. A north-country word for a measure, gen. a bushel, see EDD. (s.v. Mete). ME. mette, ‘mensura’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. ge)met, ‘mensura, modius, satum’ (B. T.).

=mete,= to measure; met, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 327; mete, pp. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. ME. meten (Wyclif, Matt. vii. 2). OE. metan.

=metely,= moderately; ‘Metely good’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 16. OE. ge)met ice.

=metereza,= mistress. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Sinquapace); metreza, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). Neither French nor Italian, but a mixture of the two (Nares). An alteration of F. maîtresse, with an Italian termination.

=metoposcopy,= divination by observing the forehead. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Gk. μέτωπο-ν, forehead; σκοπεῖν, to observe.

=meuse;= see =muse.=

=meve,= to move; ‘I meve or styrre from a place, je meuve’, Palsgrave; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; meeve, Damon and Pithias (Nares); mieve, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 26. ‘Meve’ is an E. Anglian form (EDD.). ME. mevyn, ‘amoveo’ (Prompt.). OF. moev- (meuv-), stressed stem of movoir, to move.

=mew,= to moult. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell); Wildgoose Chase, i. 1 (La Castre). F. muer; L. mutare, to change.

=mew,= a coop for hawks; ‘Mewe for haukes, meue’, Palsgrave; a place of confinement, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 20; ii. 5. 27 and 7. 19. F. mue, a hawk’s mue or coop; mue, a change, the mewing of a hawk (Cotgr.), fr. muer, ‘to change, to mew’ (ib.); L. mutare. Our word ‘mews’, for a range of stabling, is derived from the Mews by Charing Cross, the name of the place for the King’s horses, orig. the place for the king’s falcons and the royal falconer. See Stow’s Survey of London (ed. Thoms, 167).

=mew:= in phr. knights of the mew, knights of the cat-call; the least select among an audience at a theatre. Marston, What you Will, Induction (Doricus).

=mich,= to skulk, to lurk stealthily. Heywood, A Woman Killed (ed. 1874, ii. 113), spelt meach, Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 2. 11; hence micher, a truant, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 450; a skulker, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless); spelt meecher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius). ‘Mitch’ and ‘meech’ are in common prov. use (EDD.). ME. mychyn, or stelyn prively smale thyngys, ‘surripio, furtulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 301). Of Ger. origin, see Schade, Altdeutsches Wörterbuch (s.v. mûhhan). See NED. (s.v. Miche).

†=miching malicho= (meaning quite uncertain), Hamlet, iii. 2. 148. Textual variants are: myching Mallico, munching Mallico, miching mallecho.

=migniard,= tender, delicate. B. Jonson. Devil an Ass, i. 2 (Fitz.). F. mignard, ‘migniard, pretty, quaint; dainty, delicate’ (Cotgr.).

=migniardise,= delicate attention. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). F. mignardise, ‘quaintnesse . . . smooth or fair speech, kind usage’ (Cotgr.).

=mill,= to steal or rob (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); see Harman, Caveat, p. 67.

=mime,= a mimic, jester, pantomimist. B. Jonson, Epigrams, bk. i, cxxix; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Gk. μῖμος.

=mince,= to walk affectedly or primly. Merry Wives, v. 1. 9; mincing, BIBLE, Isa. iii. 16; minsen, pres. pl., Drayton, Pastorals, vii. 14. Also, to perform mincingly, to parade, King Lear, iv. 6. 122. F. mincer, to mince, to cut into small pieces (Cotgr.).

=minchen,= a nun. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 18, § 3. ‘Mincheon lane, so called of . . . the Minchuns, or nuns of St. Helen’s’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, p. 50). OE. mynecenu, f. of munuc, a monk.

=mind,= to mean, intend. Mids. Night’s D. v. 113; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 8, 64, 106, 140; Evelyn, Diary (May 21, 1645). In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mind, vb. 7).

=ming,= to mingle, mix. Surrey, Description of Spring, 11; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.^{2}). ME. mynge, to mix (Wyclif, Rev. xviii. 6); OE. mengan.

=minge,= to mention. Hall. Satires, IV. ii. 80 (Davies). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.^{1}). ME. mynge (Pearl, 855); OE. myn(e)gian.

=minikin,= a playful or endearing term for a female. Glapthorne, Hollander, ii (NED.). A Shropshire word for a delicate affected girl, see EDD. (sv. Minikin, 3). Du. minneken (Hexham).

=minikin,= small, delicate; ‘One blast of thy minikin mouth’, King Lear, iii. 6. 45. Cp. the Somerset phr. ‘Her was a poor little minnikin thing’ (EDD.).

=minikin string,= the thin string of gut used for the treble of the lute or viol, Ascham, Tox. 28. Hence, phr. to tickle the minikin, to play on the treble string, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Gerardine); a minikin-tickler, a fiddler, Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Albano).

=minim,= a note, a part of a song or lay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 28.

=miniments,= ‘muniments’, valuable belongings. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6.

=minion,= a darling, a favourite, esp. in a contemptuous sense, a mistress, a paramour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; ‘A minion wyfe’, a neat, pretty wife, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 86); the name of a small kind of ordnance, Whitelocke, Memorials (ed. 1853, i. 273); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3. 6. F. mignon, ‘a minion, favourite, wanton, darling; also, minion, dainty, neat’ (Cotgr.).

=minth,= the plant called mint. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Flora). Gk. μίνθα.

=mint-man,= one skilled in coinage. Bacon, Essay 20, § 7.

=minx,= a pert girl, hussy. Congreve, Love for L., ii. 1; a wanton woman, Dryden, Limberham, i. 1; ‘Magalda, a trull or minxe’, Florio; Mistress Minx, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (Faustus).

=minx,= a pet dog. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 140.

=mirador,= gallery to gaze from, balcony. Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I. i. 1 (Abdelmelech). Span. mirador, a balcony (Stevens). See Stanford.

=mischief,= misfortune, disaster. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 76; Much Ado, i. 3. 13.

=misconster,= to misconstrue. Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 1. 8. See =conster.=

=miscreaunce,= misbelief, false belief. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 51; Shep. Kal., May, 91. F. mescreance (Cotgr.).

=misdeem,= to judge amiss of, to think evil of. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 49; iii. 10. 29; Milton, P. R. i. 424; to judge amiss, id., P. L. ix. 301.

=misken,= a ‘mixen’, a manure-heap. Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 1 (Toby). A west-midland pronunc. of mixen (EDD.).

=miskin,= a little bagpipe. Drayton, Pastorals, ii. 5. A dimin. (through Dutch?) of OF. muse, a bagpipe, cp. F. musette, a little bagpipe (Cotgr.).

=misprise,= to mistake; ‘Misprise me not’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. 3 (Maximilian). See =mesprize.=

=mister:= in phr. what mister wight, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 23; iii. 7. 14, i.e. a man of what ‘mister’ (occupation), or, a man of what class, what kind of a man. The idiom occurs as an archaism in Spenser, borrowed from Chaucer, ‘But telleth me what mister men ye been’ (C. T. A. 1710). So we find, what mister thing, what kind of thing, Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 19; such myster saying, such a kind of saying, Shep. Kal., Sept., 103. Mister (or mester) is very common in ME. in the sense of office, employment, business. OF. mestier (F. métier); Med. L. misterium, for ministerium (Ducange).

=mister,= to be necessary or needful; ‘As for my name, it mistreth not to tell’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 51. From mister, need, necessity, want; cp. Scottish proverb, ‘Mister maks man o’ craft’, Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 250); Ferguson, Proverbs (ed. 1641, p. 24). See EDD. (s.v. Mister, vb. 1 and 3). ME. mistere, need (Cursor M. 3247); OF. (Norman) mestier, ‘besoin, nécessité’ (Moisy). The same word as =mister,= above.

=mistery,= occupation, profession. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 221. ME. misterye (Chaucer, C. T. I. 890); Med. L. misterium, ‘officium’ (Ducange). See =mister.=

=mistress,= the small bowl, or jack, in the game of bowls. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 3 (Mis. Low.); cp. ‘His bias was towards my mistress’, Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Brains); cp. A Woman never vext, iv. 1 (Lambskin).

=misured,= ill-omened, fatal; ‘O foule mysuryd ground, Whereon he gat his finall dedely wounde’, Skelton, Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 118. Cp. OF. meseur, ‘malheur’ (Godefroy); meseurus, ‘malheureux’ (Chron. des ducs de Normandie, in Didot). See =eure.=

=mite,= a small coin of very small value; used in negative phrases for a thing of little worth; ‘The price falleth not one mite’, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 42). Hence miting: ‘Nat worthe a mytyng’, not worth a mite, Skelton, Poems against Garnesche, iii. 115. ME. myte: ‘Noght worth a myte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1558). See Dict.

=mithridate,= a compound regarded as an antidote against all poisons. Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 2 (Val.); Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 4 (Adorni). Named from Mithridates, king of Pontus, who was said to have been proof against poison owing to his constant use of antidotes. See Stanford.

=miting,= a diminutive creature; freq. used as a term of endearment or contempt, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 224. ME. mytyng (Towneley Myst. xii. 477).

=mixt,= to mix; ‘I myxte, or myngell’, Palsgrave; pres. pt., mixting, Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4. Hence mixt, a mixture; ‘A mixt of both’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 9 (ed. Arber, 97). From the L. pp. mixtus.

=mo, moe,= orig. used as adv.; ‘Gent’lest fair, mourne, mourne no moe’ (mourn no more), Fletcher, Q. Corinth, iii. 2 (Song); the moe, the majority, the greater part, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 15 (ed. Arber, 48); mo, more in number, ‘mo tymes’, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 7); ‘Infinite moe . . . He there beheld’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 63. ME. mo, adj., more in number, adv., any longer (Chaucer); OE. mā; Goth. mais, more (adv.). See Wright’s OE. Gram. § 252.

=mobble, moble,= to muffle up one’s head or face; also, with up; ‘Mobled queen’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 524; mobble up, Shirley, Gent. of Venice, v. 3 (Florelli). A Warw. and Shropsh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Moble).

=mobile,= mob; ‘The mobile’, Dryden, Pref. to Don Sebastian, § 2; id., i. 1 (near the end); iv. 2 (end). Common from ab. 1676 to 1700; shortened to mobb, c. 1688. It represents the L. mobile vulgus, the inconstant crowd. See Dict. (s.v. Mob), and Stanford.

=mockado,= a kind of cloth much used for clothing; ‘Who would not thinke it a ridiculous thing to see a Lady in her milke-house with a velvet gowne, and at a bridall in her cassock of mockado’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, 290); Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); Lodge, Wit’s Miserie, 14. A quasi-Spanish form from F. moucade, ‘the stuffe moccadoe’ (Cotgr.). Of Arab. origin, see NED. (s.v. Mohair), and Thomas, Essais (s.v. Camoiard).

=moder, modere,= to moderate, restrain. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 6, back, 18; Sir T. More, Works, p. 882, col. 2. OF. moderer.

=modern,= ordinary, commonplace, common; in a depreciatory sense. As You Like It, ii. 7. 156; Macbeth, iv. 3. 170. The only Shakespearian sense; peculiarly Elizabethan.

=moe;= see =mo.=

=moil, moyle,= a ‘mule’. Ford, Fancies, ii. 2; More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 51); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Welford). Common in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Moyle).

=moil, moyle,= a kind of slipper or shoe; ‘Moyles of velvet to save thy shooes of lether’, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. 1867, 214); ‘Moiles, a kind of high-soled shoes, worn in ancient times by Kings and great Persons’, Phillips; spelt mule, ‘He had ane pair of mules on his feit’, Spalding, Troubles of Charles I (NED.). F. mules, ‘moyles, pantofles, high slippers’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Du. muylen, pantoffles (Hexham). Med. L. mula, ‘crepida’ (Ducange).

=moil, moyle,= to wet; to soil, make dirty. Turbervile, Hunting, 33; to defile, Spenser, Hymn Heavenly Love, 220; to toil, work hard, drudge, Bacon, Essay, Plantations; to weary, fatigue, harass, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 27). In common prov. use in many senses, to plaster with mud, to soil, defile, to work hard, to worry, see EDD. (s.v. Moil, vb.). F. mouiller (Cotgr.).

=mold,= a ‘mole’, spot, blemish. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See =mould.=

=mollipuff;= see =mullipuff.=

=mome,= a blockhead. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 32; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; Levins, Manipulus; Drayton, Skeltoniad, p. 1373; Mirror for Mag. 466; Dekker, Gull’s Horne-bk. 5; Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 2. 5. Dialect of Geneva mome, ‘sot, nigaud’; cp. F. (argot) mome, ‘garçon’ (Sainéan, p. 206).

†=Momtanish= (?); ‘And this your momtanish inhumanytye’, Sir T. More, ii. 4. 162. Dr. H. Bradley conjectures Moritanish (i.e. Moorish).

=moniment,= memorial, anything by which a thing may be remembered. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 38; ii. 10. 56; used of dints on a shield, F. Q. ii. 12. 80; of an inscription stamped on coin, F. Q. ii. 7. 5. L. monimentum, deriv. of monere, to remind.

=Monmouth cap,= a flat round cap formerly worn by soldiers and sailors, Hen. V, iv. 7. 104; Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (or 2) (Touchstone). Also, monmouth, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song).

=monomachy,= single combat. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus); vol. iii, p. 50. Gk. μονομαχία; deriv. of μονομάχος, fighting alone.

=monster,= a prodigy, wonder, divine omen. Phaer, Aeneid ii, 680 (L. mirabile monstrum); id., iii. 26.

=montant= (a fencing term), an upright blow or thrust. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 27; montanto, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil). F. montant (Cotgr.).

=month:= phr. to have a month’s mind, to have an inclination, a fancy, a liking. Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 464); ‘Tu es bien engrand de trotter, Thou hast a moneths mind to be gone’, Cotgrave; Pepys, Diary, May 20, 1660. In prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Month, sb.^{1} 3 (b)).

=monthly,= madly; after the manner of a lunatic. Only in Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Moll).

=moodeles, modeless,= unmeasured, vast, huge; Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 17. Frequent in Greene (NED.). From mode, measure, size, manner, &c.

=moon,= a fit of frenzy; ‘I know ’twas but some peevish Moone in him’, C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii (Duke).

=mooncalf,= a false conception, imperfect foetus; hence, monstrosity. Tempest, ii. 2. 111; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); Drayton, The Mooncalf. Cp. G. mondkalb, ‘ungestalte Missgeburt’ (Weigand).

=moonling,= a mooncalf, silly fellow. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.).

=mooting-night,= a night at the Inns of Court, when imaginary cases at law are discussed by the students. Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5 (Song, verse 2). See Dict. (s.v. Moot).

=mooting-time,= the moulting season. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 120. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mout). ME. mowtyn, as fowlys, ‘deplumeo’ (Prompt.); cp. Du. muyten, ‘to mue as hawkes doe’ (Hexham); Low G. muten (G. mausen), to moult (Berghaus); L. mutare.

=mop,= a grimace, Temp. iv. 1. 47; to make grimaces, King Lear, iv. 1. 64; ‘To moppe, maw, movere labia’, Levins, Manip.

=moppe= (see quot.); ‘I called her (the young lady) Moppe . . . Understanding by this word, a litle prety Lady, or tender young thing. For so we call litle fishes that be not come to full growth, as whiting moppes, gurnard moppes’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, 229). Cp. ME. moppe, ‘pupa’ (Prompt. EETS. 292).

=moppet,= a term of endearment applied to a child or a young girl, Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2 (end); The Spectator, no. 277. See above.

=more,= the root of a tree or plant; a plant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 10. A west-country word from Worc. to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. More). ME. more, root (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 25). OE. more, moru, an edible root, a carrot, parsnip (B. T.), cp. G. möhre, a carrot.

=morelle,= a dark-coloured horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 11; i. 24, l. 17. ME. morel, hors (Prompt. EETS. 293). Norm. F. morel, cheval morel, ‘cheval noir’ (Moisy). F. morel, moreau, cheval moreau, a black horse (Cotgr.).

=morfound,= a disease in horses, sheep, &c., due to taking a chill. Spelt morfounde, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. Palsgrave has: ‘I morfonde, as a horse dothe that waxeth styffe by taking of a sodayne colde.’ F. se morfondre, to take cold (Cotgr.).

=Morglay,= the name of the sword belonging to Sir Bevis, Drayton, Polyolbion, ii. 332; used allusively for a sword, Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, i. 1 (Longueville); Stanyhurst, Aeneid, ii (Arber, 60); Cleaveland’s Poems (Nares). We may perhaps compare claymore (glaymore), see NED.

=Morian,= of the Moorish race, pertaining to the Moors; a Moor; the Moryans land, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. lxviii. 31 (rendering of ‘Aethiopia’ in Vulgate); the Morians londe, Coverdale (1535), ib.; cp. Luther’s rendering, Mohrenland, land of the Moors. See Bible Word-Book. OF. Morien (NED.). See =Murrian.=

=morigeration,= deference, obsequiousness. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, i. 3. 10; Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. V, p. 29. L. morigeratio, compliance.

=morisco,= a morris-dance. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2. 7. Also, a morris-dancer, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 365. Properly, a Moorish dance; see Stanford. Span. morisco, a man descended from Moors or converted from them (Stevens). See =morris-pike.=

=mornifle;= ‘Mornyfle, a maner of play, mornifle’, Palsgrave. F. mornifle, a trick at cards (Cotgr.); ‘réunion de quatre cartes semblables’ (Hatzfeld). Mornifle also meant a cuff, a blow: ‘donner mornifle, c’est-à-dire un soufflet’ (Oudin, 1640); see Sainéan, L’Argot ancien, p. 206. See =mournival.=

=morphew,= a disease of the skin; ‘Morféa, the morphew in some womens faces’, Florio; ‘Morfewe, a sickenesse’, Palsgrave. Hence, morphewed, afflicted with the disease, Webster, Duchess of Malfi, ii. 1 (Bosola). ME. morfu, ‘morphea’ (Prompt.). Med. L. morfea, ‘cutis foedacio maculosa’ (Sin. Bart.).

=morpion,= a kind of louse. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. morpion, a crab-louse (Cotgr.); cp. Rabelais, II. xxvii; deriv. of mordre + pion, ‘ce pou ayant infesté surtout les anciens corps d’infanterie’ (Hatzfeld).

=morris-pike,= a form of pike supposed to be of Moorish origin, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 28; morispike, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 67). See =morisco.=

=mort= (a hunting term). The note sounded on a horn at the death of the deer, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 118; ‘He that bloweth the Mort before the fall of the Buck’, Greene, Card of Fancie (Nares).

=mort= (Cant), a girl or woman. B. Jonson, Gypsies Met. 65; a female vagabond, harlot, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Later, written mott (mot), London slang for a woman of the town, see NED.

=mortar:= in phr. to fly to Rome with a mortar on one’s head, app. a legendary achievement of some wizard; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2 (Clown); Kemp, Nine Daies Wonder, Ep. Ded. (NED.). F. mortier, ‘a morter to bray things in’ (Cotgr.).

=mortmal, mormal,= an inflamed sore, esp. on the leg; ‘The old mortmal on his shin’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Maudlin); ‘Mormall, a sore, loup’, Palsgrave. ME. mormale, ‘malum mortuum’ (Prompt.). OF. mortmal; cp. Med. L. malum mortuum, ‘morbi genus pedum et tibiarum’ (Ducange). See =marmoll.=

=mort-pays,= the taking of the King’s pay by a captain in service for men who were dead or discharged; ‘The severe punishing of mort-pays’, Bacon, Hist. Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 93). See =dead pay.=

=most an end,= generally, usually; continually. Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 1 (Merchant). Honest (addressing Greatheart): ‘Knew him! I was a great companion of his; I was with him most an end’; Bunyan, Pilgrim’s Progress, Pt. II. In common prov. use from Yorks. to E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Most, 7, 2a).

=mot, motte,= a word, saying, motto, proverb. Rape of Lucrece, 830; ‘To gull him with a motte’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (E. Knowell). F. mot, a word.

=mote,= a note of a horn or bugle. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 20 (bk. vii, ch. 8); ‘Mote, blaste of a horne’, Palsgrave; mot, Chevy Chace, 16; mott, Turbervile, Hunting, 86. ME. moote of an horne, blowyng (Prompt. EETS. 294, see note, no. 1431). F. mot, ‘the note winded by an huntsman on his horn’ (Cotgr.).

=mote,= a pleading in a law-court. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § 7. OE. mōtian, to address a meeting, to discuss, ‘moot a question’ (B. T.). See Dict. (s.v. Moot).

=mote,= may, must; ‘I mote dye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 34. 9; bk. i, c. 20; ‘Now mote ye understand’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 46. ME. mot, moot, pres. (I or he) may, must; moten, mote, pl.; moste, pt. t. OE. mōt, (I, he) may; mōst, 2 sing.; mōton, pl.; mōste, pt. t.

=mother,= a young girl. Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2 (Franio). See =mauther.=

=mother, the,= hysteria. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront); King Lear, ii. 4. 56.

=mothering,= the custom of visiting one’s mother, and giving and receiving of presents of food, &c., on Mid-Lent Sunday; ‘Thou go’st a-mothering’, Herrick, To Dianeme, A Ceremonie in Gloucester. See EDD. (s.v. Mothering) for accounts of the customs connected with ‘Mothering Sunday’ (Mid-Lent Sunday) in various parts of England from Yorks. to Devon.

=moting,= mooting; i.e. discussion, debate. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1075. ME. motyng, or pletynge, ‘placitatio’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). See =mote= (a pleading).

=motion,= a puppet-show. Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 103; a puppet, Two Gent. ii. 1. 100; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3. 3.

=mott,= measured; pt. t. of =mete= (q.v.). Spenser, Colin Clout, 365. See NED. (s.v. Mete, vb.^{1}).

=motte;= see =mot.=

=mouch,= to act by stealth; to idle and loaf about, Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. See Mooch in NED. and EDD. The word is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and in Australia.

=mouchatoes,= moustaches. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Juliffe). See =mutchado.=

=mought,= a moth; ‘Mought that eates clothes, ver de drap’, Palsgrave. Hence moughte-eaten, ‘Olde and moughte-eaten lawes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 53). ME. mouȝte (Wyclif, Matt. vi. 19); moghte, ‘tinea’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. mohða.

=mought,= pt. t. might. Bacon, Essays (very common, see Abbott’s ed., Index); Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 42. ME. maht, 2 pr. s.; mahte, pt. t. of mæi, (I, he) may; OE. meaht, 2 pr. s.; meahte, pt. t. of mæg, (I, he) may, can.

=mould,= a ‘mole’, a spot on the skin, birthmark. Gascoigne, Supposes, v. 5 (Cleander); mold, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See Dict. (s.v. Mould, 3).

=mouldwarp,= the mole, ‘talpa’; moldwarp, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 148; Spenser, Colin Clout, 763. In gen. prov. use in the north country, Midlands, and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Mouldywarp). ME. moldewarpe, ‘talpa’ (Cath. Angl.); cp. Dan. muldvarp, Norw. dial. moldvarp (Aasen), G. maulwurf.

=mount cent, mount saint,= a game at cards resembling piquet; probably the same as =cent= (q.v.), Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Queen). Prob. from mount, i.e. amount, and cent, one hundred. See NED.

=mountenance,= amount of space, distance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 18; iii. 11. 20; v. 6. 36. ME. mowntenawnce (Prompt.); montenance, amount (Cursor M. 29166).

=mournival,= a set of four aces, kings, queens, or knaves in one hand. Cotton Gamester, 68; hence, a set of four (things or persons), B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth); murnival, Greene’s Tu Quoque, in Ancient Eng. Drama, ii. 551. See =mornifle.=

=mouse,= a term of endearment. Hamlet, iii. 4. 183; Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Openwork).

=mouse-hunt,= a woman hunter. Romeo iv. 4. 11. This is prob. a fig. use of mouse-hunt, a weasel, ‘The Ferrets and Moushunts of an Index’, Milton (Wks., ed. 1851, iii. 81); spelt musehont, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 79). ‘Mouse-hunt’ (‘Mouse-hound’) is in prov. use in E. Anglia for the smallest animal of the weasel tribe. See EDD. (s.v. Mouse, 1, (7) and (8)). M. Du. muyshont, or muushont, a weasel, lit. ‘a mouse-hound’.

=mowe,= to be able; ‘They shalle not mowe helpe, they shall not be able to help’, Morte Arthur, leaf 61, back, 26; bk. iv, c. 3. ME. mow(e)n, ‘posse’ (Prompt. EETS. 302); see Chaucer (Tr. and Cr. ii. 1594). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Mæi).

=mowe,= to make grimaces; ‘I mow with the mouth, I mock one, Je fays la moue’, Palsgrave; ‘Apes that moe and chatter’, Tempest, ii. 2. 9; mowing, making grimaces, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54).

=mowes,= grimaces, ‘Making mowes at me’, BIBLE (1539), Ps. xxxv. 15; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; Cymbeline, i. 6. 41. ME. mow, or scorne, ‘valgia’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). F. moue, a moe, ‘an ill-favoured extension or thrusting out of the lips’ (Cotgr.).

=mowles,= broken chilblains in the heels. Dunbar, Poems (ed. Small, ii. 128). See EDD. (s.v. Mool), and Jamieson (s.v. Mules). ME. mowle, ‘pernio’ (Cath. Angl.); mowle, sore, ‘pustula, pernio’ (Prompt. EETS. 295, see note, no. 1439). F. mule, ‘a kibe; aller sur mule: Il va sur mule aussi bien que le Pape (an equivocation, applicable to one that hath kibed heels)’; see Cotgrave. Cp. Du. muyle, a kibe (Hexham).

=moy,= an imaginary name of coin, evolved by Pistol out of his prisoner’s speech; ‘Ayez pitié de moi! Moy shall not serve; I will have forty moys’, &c., Hen. V, iv. 4. 14.

=moyle,= a variety of apple; ‘Of Moyle, or Mum, or Treacle’s viscous juice’, J. Philips, Cider, bk. i. (Perhaps the word means a hybrid; cp. moyle, a mule.) See =genet-moyl.=

=moyle;= see =moil.=

=muccinigo,= a small coin formerly current in Venice, worth about 9_d._ B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1; iv. 1; Shirley, Gent. Venice, i. 1 (Cornari). Ital. ‘mocenigo, a coyn in Venice; also the name of a considerable family there’ (Florio). The coin was named from Tommaso Mocenigo, doge of Venice, 1413-23. See NED. (s.v. Moccenigo).

=much!,= a contemptuous exclamation of denial. Much = much of that!, ironically; i.e. far from it, by no means. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Celso), Much wench! i.e. no wench at all, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brain-worm).

=muck;= in Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1188. To run amuck, to run about in a frenzy, is a phrase due to the Malay āmuq, ‘rushing in a state of frenzy to the commission of indiscriminate murder’ (Marsden). Dryden took the a in amuck to be the E. indef. article; and reproduced the phrase in the curious form—runs an Indian muck. See Stanford (s.v. Amuck).

=muckinder,= a handkerchief. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Turfe); Fletcher, Captain, iii. 5 (Fabricio); ‘Mockendar for chyldre, mouchouer’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in many parts of England from the north country to Kent and Dorset in various forms; muckinder, muckender, muckinger, muckenger (EDD.). ME. mokedore, ‘sudarium’ (Voc. 614. 25), O. Prov. mocadour (mod. moucadour), a handkerchief, Span. mocador, F. mouchoir; deriv. of moucher, ‘débarrasser des mucosités que sécrète la muqueuse nasale’ (Hatzfeld).

=muffler,= (1) a wrapper worn by women and covering the face; (2) a cloth for blindfolding a person. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73; Fletcher, Night-walker, ii. 2 (near the end); 2 Hen. V, iii. 6. 32.

=mugwet,= the intestines of an animal; ‘The gatherbagge or Mugwet of a yong harte’, Turbervile, Hunting, 39. ‘Mugget’ is in prov. use in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall for sheep or calf’s intestines; see EDD. See NED. (s.v. Mugget).

=mule:= phr. to ride upon a mule, to be a great lawyer. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); to shoe one’s mule, to help oneself out of the funds trusted to one’s management, History of Francion (Nares).

=mule;= see =moil= (a slipper).

=mullar,= a ‘muller’, a stone with a flat base, held in the hand and used, in conjunction with a grinding-stone or slab, in grinding painters’ colours. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, p. 136. F. moulleur, a grinder (Cotgr.); deriv. of OF. moldre, L. molere, to grind.

=mullet,= the rowel of a spur; a mullet, in heraldry. Shirley, Love in a Maze, i. 1 (Simple). F. molette d’esperon, the rowel of a spur (Cotgr.).

=mullets,= pincers or tweezers. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). F. mollette, ‘a mullet, a nipper, a pincer’ (Cotgr.).

=mullipuff, mollipuff,= the puff-ball, or fuzz-ball. Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See NED. (s.v. Mullipuff), and EDD. (s.v. Mully-puff). ‘Mully’ in Norfolk is used for mouldy, powdery, see EDD. (s.v. Mull, sb.^{1} 1). Norw. dial. moll, mould (Aasen), Swed. mull (Widegren).

=mullwine,= mulled wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Mulled).

=mumbudget,= a word used to insist upon silence; ‘I cry . . . mum; she cries budget’, Merry Wives, v. 2. 6; ‘Quoth she, Mum budget’, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 208; ‘Mumbudget, not a word!’, Look about You, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 420.

=mumchance,= the name of a game, both at dice and at cards. Westward Ho, ii. 2 (with allusion to bones, i.e. dice); B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 2 (Subtle); Barth. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). Played in silence; whence the name.

=mumchance,= one who has nothing to say, a ‘dummy’. Plautus made English (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England, esp. in the west country, for a stupid, silent, stolid person.

=mummia, mummy,= a preparation used in medicine, chiefly from the substance with which Egyptian mummies were preserved. Webster, White Devil (beginning, Gasparo), ed. Dyce, p. 5; id. (Isabella), p. 15; Beaumont and Fl., iii. 1 (Galoshio). See Dict. (s.v. Mummy), and Stanford (s.v. Mummia).

=mump,= to overreach, to cheat; ‘Mump your proud players’, Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 2 (Bayes); ‘Mump’d of his snip’ (i.e. cheated of his portion), Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 2 (Ranger); Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Mrs. Caution). In prov. use in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Mump, vb.^{1} 10). Du. mompen, ‘to mump, cheat’ (Sewel).

=mump,= to make grimaces, to screw up the mouth. Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre); D’Urfey, Pills, vi. 198; a grimace, ‘Monnoye de singe, moes, mumps’, Cotgrave. ‘To mump’ is used in Northamptonsh. in the sense of drawing in the lips, screwing up the mouth with a smile: ‘She mumps up her mouth, she knows something’, see EDD. (s.v. Mump, vb.^{1} 4).

=mumpsimus.= [In allusion to the story of an illiterate English priest, who when corrected for reading ‘quod in ore mumpsimus’ in the Mass, replied ‘I will not change my old mumpsimus for your new sumpsimus’ (NED.).] One who obstinately adheres to old ways in spite of the clearest evidence that they are wrong, an old fogey, Underhill in Narr. Reform. (Camden Soc., 141); Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 3 (Dulipo). See Nares.

=mundungo,= bad-smelling tobacco; ‘A mundungo monopolist’, Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (1 Boy); snuff-mundungus, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1006. A jocular use of Span. mondongo, ‘hogs puddings’ (Stevens).

=munify,= to fortify. Drayton, Barons’ Wars, ii. 34; hence, munificence, defence, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 15 (ed. 1596).

=munite,= to fortify. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i, c. 47; Bacon, Essay 3 (ed. Abbott, p. 10).

=munpins,= mouth-pegs, the teeth; a ludicrous form. Munpynnys, Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 292. ‘Mun’ for mouth is in prov. use in the north, and in slang use generally, see EDD. (s.v. Mun, sb.^{1} 1). Norw. dial. munn, the mouth (Aasen).

=muraill,= a wall; walls of a city. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 201, back, 14. F. muraille.

=murderer, murdering-piece,= a cannon or mortar, discharging stones or grape-shot. Hamlet, iv. 5. 95; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Jaques); Double Marriage, iv. 2. 6.

=mure,= a wall. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; Heywood, If you know not Me (Queen), vol. i, p. 338; to shut up, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; mured up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. L. murus, a wall.

=murleon,= a merlin, a small hawk; ‘A cast [couple] of murleons’, Damon and Pithias, Ancient Brit. Drama, i. 88, col. 2. ME. merlioun, Chaucer (Parl. Foules, 339). F. esmerillon (Cotgr.).

=murnival;= see =mournival.=

=murr,= a violent catarrh, a severe cold in the head. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, ii. 1 (Philip); murres, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, fol. 3, back; ‘Murre, gravedo’, Levins, Manipulus. See Nares.

=Murrian,= a Mauritanian, a Moor. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 315). See =Morian.=

=murrion,= a ‘morion’, a steel cap. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). Also jocularly, a nightcap; spelt murrain, id., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Abigail). Span. morrion (Stevens). See Stanford (s.v. Morrion), and Dict. (s.v. Morion).

=muscadine,= a kind of wine with a musk-like perfume. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1. 12. See Dict. (s.v. Muscadel).

=Muscovy glass,= a kind of talc. B. Jonson, Prol. to Devil is an Ass, 17; Marston (Malcontent), i. 3 (Passarello).

=muse,= to wonder, marvel. Coriolanus, iii. 2. 7; Macbeth, iii. 4. 85; hence, muses, musings, thoughts, cogitations, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 94); Englishman for my Money, iii. 2 (Harvey); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 509. OF. muser, ‘regarder comme un sot’ (Bartsch), cp. Ital. musare, ‘to muse, to gape, to hould ones muzle or snout in the aire’ (Florio); Prov. muzar, ‘regarder bouche béante’; mus, ‘figure, visage’ (Levy).

=muse,= a gap in a thicket or fence through which a hare or other beast of sport is wont to pass; ‘Take a hare without a muse, and a knave without an excuse’, Howell, Eng. Prov. 12; ‘The wild muse of a bore’ (boar), Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 368; Heywood, Witches of Lancs. i. 1 (Bantam). The word is in prov. use in many parts of England from the north country to Sussex, written muse, meuse, moose, muce, see EDD. (s.v. Meuse). F. dial. (Bas-Maine) mus, ‘muce, passage étroit à travers des broussailles pour les lièvres, les lapins, &c.’ (Dottin); see Littré (s.v. Musse). See =meaze.=

=muske-million,= the musk-melon. Drayton, Pol. xx. 54; Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 8.

=musquet,= a hawk of a very small size. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 119; ‘Musket, a lytell hauke, mouchet’, Palsgrave. Ital. mosquetto, ‘a musket-hawke’ (Florio).

=muss,= a scramble among boys, for trivial objects. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 91; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). ‘Muss’ means a confusion, scramble, in Warwickshire, see EDD. (s.v. Muss, sb.^{1} 1 and 2).

=mutchado,= a moustache; ‘On his upper lippe A mutchado’, Arden of Fev. ii. 1. 56; mutchato, Higgins, Induction to Mirror for Mag. (Nares); muschatoes, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). For numerous spellings of the word ‘moustache’ see NED. See =mouchatoes.=

=mutton,= a strumpet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Mis. O.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 8 (Bots). See =laced mutton.=

=myrobalane,= a kind of dried Indian plum. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). F. myrobalan, L. myrobalanum, Gk. μυροβάλανος, probably the ben-nut; μύpov, unguent, and βάλανος, acorn.

N

=nab,= the head. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); nabb, a hat, Shadwell, Squire Alsatia, ii. 1. Swed. dial, nabb, the head (Rietz).

=nab-cheat,= a hat or cap. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1; Harman, Caveat, p. 82. See =cheat= (Thieves’ Cant).

=nache,= the rump; ‘The nache by the tayle’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 3. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Aitch-bone). OF. nache, a buttock (Godefroy); Ital. natica. See Dict. (s.v. Aitch-bone).

=nads,= an ‘adze’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 9.

=næve,= a spot, blemish; ‘Spots, like næves’, Dryden, Death of Lord Hastings, 55. L. naevus, a mole, or mark on the body.

=nake,= to bare, unsheathe a sword; ‘Nake your swords’, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Lussurioso). ME. naken, to make naked (Chaucer, Boethius, bk. iv, met. 7).

=naked,= unarmed. Othello, v. 2. 258. Phr. naked bed, in reference to the once common custom of sleeping undressed, no night-linen being worn; ‘In her naked bed’, Venus and Ad. 397. See Nares; and EDD. (s.v. Naked, 1 (1)).

=nale, at,= for atten ale, at the ale-house. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 166. Cp. Glouc. phrase, ‘He’s gone to nale’ (EDD.). ME. atte nale, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, C. viii. 19).

=nall,= an ‘awl’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘A naule, idem quod aule’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Nall for a souter, alesne’, Palsgrave. ‘Nawl’ is in common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=namecouth,= known by name, famous. Spelt naamkouth, Grimalde, Concerning Virgil, 14; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 102.

=namely,= especially. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 14; vii. 7. 48.

=nape,= to strike upon the nape or back of the head just above the neck. ‘Naped in the head’, Latimer, 3 Sermon (ed. Arber, 76); ‘I nawpe one in the necke’, Palsgrave.

=Napier’s bones,= ivory rods marked with numbers, for facilitating calculation; invented by Lord Napier of Merchiston (d. 1617). Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1095; iii. 2. 409.

=nappy,= having a head, foaming; heady, strong. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 16; Gay, Shepherd’s Week, ii. 56. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=nares,= nostrils. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742; ‘Nares (of a hawk)’, Book of St. Albans, fol. a 5; L. nares, pl. nostrils.

=narre,= nearer. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 97; Ruines of Rome, xvi. 3. Icel. nærre, nearer (adj.); nærr (adv.).

=nas,= for ne has, has not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 61.

=nase,= nose. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lorel). ME. nase, nose (Wars Alex. 4519).

=natch,= a ‘notch’; ‘Cut all the natches of his tales’ (i.e. cut, in order to destroy, all the notches off his accounts or tallies), Arden of Fev. v. 1. 24; ‘A natche, incisura; to natch, incidere’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).

=nathe,= ‘nave’ of a wheel. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 9. In common prov. use in the north and the Midlands (EDD.).

=nathemore,= never the more. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 25; iv. 8. 14. For the earlier nathemo. See NED.

=native,= in astrology; the subject of a horoscope, the person whose nativity is being cast. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 608.

=nawl;= see =nall.=

=nay:= phr. say nay, and take it, refuse, but accept; a proverbial expression as to a maid’s part. Richard III, iii. 7. 50; Peele, Sir Clyomon, p. 494, col. 1.

=ne,= nor. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 25; All’s Well, ii. 1. 176. ME. ne, nor (Chaucer, C. T. A. 179). OE. ne.

=neafe,= a clenched hand, a fist. Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 15; neuf, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 (Cuddy). In common prov. use in various parts of the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Neive). ME. neefe, a fist (Barbour’s Bruce, xvi. 129); also in forms nave, new, in pl. nevis, newys, newffys (id., see Glossary). Icel. hnefi.

=neal,= to anneal. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer).

=neat-house.= The Neat House (lit. house for cattle) was a celebrated market-garden, near Chelsea Bridge (Gifford); Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. 14.

=neatresse,= a female neatherd. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 48.

=neck,= in chess; a move to cover check. Surrey, To the Lady that scorned her Lover, 3, in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 21). See NED.

=neck-verse,= the Latin verse read by a malefactor, to entitle him to benefit of clergy, so as to save his neck; usually Psalm li. 1, Miserere mei, &c. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Pilia); Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 3 (Chilax).

=needle,= to penetrate like a needle; to make their way into; ‘Mice made holes to needle in their buttocks’ (of fat hogs), Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight).

=needly,= of necessity, necessarily. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 517, col. 2; id., Tale of Troy, p. 552. A Yorks. word (EDD.).

=neeld,= a ‘needle’. Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xx. 95; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 715; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 204. A common prov. form, see EDD. (s.v. Needle).

=neele,= a ‘needle’. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 3 (Tyb). The word spelt without the d is common in prov. E. in many spellings, as neele, neel, neal, nill, nail (EDD.).

=neesing,= a sneezing, a sneeze. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. 732; BIBLE, Job xli. 18. ‘Neese’ is in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Neeze). ME. nesen (Prompt.). Du. niesen, to sneeze (Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Neese).

=neif,= one born on a feudal manor in a state of serfdom; ‘It signifieth in our common law a bondwoman, the reason is, because women become bound rather nativitate than by any other means’, Cowell. Spelt nyefe, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 342. Anglo-F. neif, ‘serf de naissance ou d’origine’ (Didot); Med. L. nativus (Ducange).

=neis,= to scent, smell; ‘The hart . . . nere fra’ hence sall neis her i’ the wind’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). See NED. (s.v. Nese).

=nephew,= a grandson. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 22; ii. 10. 45; ‘Grandsires and nephews’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 3 (Curius); spelt nevew; Phaer, Aeneid ii, 702 (= L. nepotem). See Trench, Select Glossary. ME. nevewe, a grandson (Chaucer, Hous Fame, ii. 109). OF. neveu. O. Prov. nep, nebot. L. nepotem, nephew, grandson.

=nere,= nearer; ‘The nere to the churche, the ferther from God’, Heywood, Prov. (ed. 1867, 17). ME. ‘þe nere þe cherche, þe fyrþer fro God’, R. Brunne, Handlyng Synne. OE. nēar, compar. of nēah, nigh.

=nesh,= soft, tender, delicate; ‘Like a nesh nag’, Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, iv. 1 (Petillius); ‘Tendre, tender, nice, nesh, delicate’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England (EDD.). ME. nesche, ‘mollis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. hnesce, soft (B. T.).

=nest of goblets,= a set of them, of different sizes, fitting one inside another. Northward Ho, iii. 2 (Bellamont); neast of goblets, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1. 7. So also a nest of boxes; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 12.

=net, nett,= clear, clean, bare. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 20; vi. 8. 45. F. net, neat, clean, clear; bare, empty.

=nettie,= neat, ‘natty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.

=neuf;= see =neafe.=

=neuft,= a newt, evet, or eft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 1 (Tucca); cp. newt in Bartholomew Fair, Act ii, where Knockem says, ‘What! thou’lt poison me with a newt’, &c.; where ed. 1614 has neuft (NED.).

=Never a barrel the better herring,= proverbial saying, meaning never one better than another, nothing to choose between them, referring to the notion that you will not find a better herring by searching in a new barrel. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 6 (Litio); Martiniere’s Voyage, 127 (NED. (s.v. Herring)); [Fielding, T. Jones, x. v.]. Also, In neither barrel better herring, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 102); Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 11; ‘The Devil a barrel the better herring’, Bailey’s Colleq., Erasmus, 373; cp. Gosson, School of Abuse, 32: ‘Of both barrelles [i.e. as containing poets on the one side and cooks and painters on the other] I judge Cookes and Painters the better herring.’ See Davies (s.v. Herring).

=new-eared,= newly ploughed. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 492. See =ear= (to plough).

=newel,= a novelty, rarity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 276. Explained as ‘a newe thing’. Formed from new, with the suffix of novel.

=new-fangle,= fond of new things; ‘The peple were soo newfangle’, Morte Arthur, leaf 421; bk. xxi, c. 1 (end). See Dict. (s.v. Newfangled).

=new-year’s-gift,= a present to a great man on new-year’s day, usually given in hope of a reward or by way of bribe. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Julio); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 21.

=neysshe,= soft. Morte Arthur, leaf 311. 8; bk. xiii, c. 30. See =nesh.=

=niaise,= a young hawk taken out of the nest, applied allusively to a simple, witless person. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz.); ‘Niard, a nias faulcon’, Cotgrave. ‘Nias’ is a north Yorks. word for a young hawk (EDD.). OF. niais, ‘qui n’est pas encore sorti du nid, qu’on a pris au nid’ (La Curne). See =eyas.=

=nice;= in various senses. It means fine, elegant, Much Ado, v. 1. 75; tender, delicate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 180; precise, Macbeth, iv. 3. 174; scrupulous, Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 14; subtle, L. L. L. v. 2. 232; coy, prudish, L. L. L. iii. 1. 24; squeamish, Tam. Shrew, iii. 1. 80; trifling, Romeo, iii. 1. 159. To make it nice, to seem reluctant, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177).

=niceness,= coyness, scrupulousness. Cymb. iii. 4. 158; Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel).

=nick,= to cut in nicks or notches, Com. of Errors, v. 175; to clip, curtail, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 8. In the nick, at the right moment, Othello, v. 2. 317; out of all nick, beyond all reckoning, excessively, Two Gent. iv. 2. 76. See EDD. (s.v. Nick, sb.^{4} 1). Hence, nick, to hit off, to find out with precision; ‘You’ve nicked the channel’ (i.e. the right course), Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 4 (Ben); nicked, luckily saved, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1304. See EDD. (s.v. Nick, vb.^{2} 2).

=nidget, nideot,= an ‘idiot’, simpleton. Spelt nigget, Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Lollio). In prov. use (EDD.).

=niding;= see =nithing.=

=niece,= a grand-daughter, Richard III, iv. 1. 1; a relative, cousin (vaguely used). Greene, Alphonsus, ii, prol. 12; id., iii (Fausta, l. 939). Down to the beginning of the 17th cent. the sense of grand-daughter appears to have been common; see Trench, Select Glossary.

=nifles,= trifles, things of little or no value; trifling tales; ‘The fables and the nyfyls’, Heywood, A Mery Play, 434 (NED). ME. nyfles: ‘He served hem with nyfles and with fablis’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1760). OF. nifles (Godefroy). See EDD. (s.v. Nifle).

=nifling,= trifling, worthless, Lady Alimony, ii. 6. 10.

=niggers, niggers-noggers,= meaningless forms, used as minced oaths. Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim.); also sniggers, id.

=niggish,= niggardly, miserly; ‘Niggish slovenrie’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 11; ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). See Nares.

=niggle,= to do anything in a trifling, fiddling, ineffective way; ‘Take heed, daughter, you niggle not with your conscience’, Massinger, Emperor of the East, v. 3 (Theodosius). In prov. use with numerous variations of sense, see EDD. Norw. dial. nigla (Aasen).

=night-cap,= a nocturnal bully, a notorious roisterer. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1; Devil’s Law-case, ii, 1. See =Roaring Boys.=

=night-rail,= a night-dress. Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 2 (1 Lady); Massinger, City Madam, iii. 2 (end); iv. 4 (Luke). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Night, 1 (29)). OE. hrægl, dress. See Nares (s.v. Night-rail), and Dict. (s.v. Rail, 4).

=night-snap,= a thief (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Chances, ii. 1 (John).

=nil=(=l,= to be unwilling, often denoting simple futurity; ‘I nill live in sorrowe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 151; ‘I nill relate’, Pericles, iii, prel. 55; will he nill he, Hamlet, v. 1. 18; to will and nill, B. Jonson, Epigrams, xlii. 16; nild, pt. t. would not, ‘Unto the founts Diana nild repair’, Greene, Radagon’s Sonnet, 17 (ed. Dyce, p. 301). ‘Nill ye, will ye’, whether you wish or not, is in use in Scotland; ‘Nildy wildy’, whether one would or not, is heard is E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. nil, pr. s.; nolde, pt. t. (Chaucer).

=nim,= to steal. Puritan Widow, i. 4. 167; Butler, Hud. i. 1. 598; hence, nimmer, a thief, id., ii. 3. 1094; Tomkis, Albumazar, iii. 7 (end); nimming, stealing, Massinger, Guardian, v. 2 (Durazzo). ‘Nim’ and ‘Nimmer’ are in prov. use (EDD.). ME. nimen, to take, to seize (P. Plowman), see Dict. M. and S.; OE. niman, to take; cp. G. nehmen.

=nine-holes,= a game in which the players endeavoured to roll small balls into nine holes in the ground, all separately numbered. Drayton, Pol. xiv. 22; Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal vi (Melanthus). See EDD. (s.v. Nine, 1 (9)), and NED. (s.v. Nine-holes).

=nine men’s morris,= a rural game, called also Merrils, described in Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 542), Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 98. Called ‘Morris’ by popular etymology, as if with reference to the movement (or dance) of the men (or pieces). But the right name was ‘Merelles’ (i.e. counters or pieces used in the game). Cp. Cotgrave: ‘Merelles, Le jeu des merelles, The boyish game called Merils or five-penny Morris, played here most commonly with stones, but in France with pawns or men made of purpose, and termed Merelles.’ See Ducange (s.v. Merallus), EDD. (s.v. Nine, 1 (12)), and Nares (s.v.).

=ningle,= ‘ingle’; mine ingle became my ningle, my favourite. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Roderigo); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo). See =ingle.=

=nip,= a taunt, sarcasm, reproof. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 (ed. Arber, p. 68). ‘Nip’ in prov. use means a pinch or squeeze; a bite or sting, see EDD. (s.v. Nip, sb.^{1} 15, 16).

=nip a bung,= to steal a purse (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘A pickpocket, as good as ever nipped the judge’s bung while he was condemning him’, The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath); Cleveland (Nares); nip, a cutpurse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). Hence nipper, ‘A nypper is termed a pickpurse or a cutpurse’, Fletewood (in Aydelotte, p. 95).

=nip a jan,= to steal a purse (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See Jan in NED.

=nipitato,= strong liquor; ‘A drink In England found, and Nipitato call’d, Which driveth all the sorrow from your hearts’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 2 (Pompiona). Hence, nippitate, strong (said of wine), Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Collen). See Nares.

=nis,= is not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19. ME. nis (Chaucer). OE. nis, for ne is, is not.

=niste, nist,= knew not. Spelt nyst, Morte Arthur, leaf 339. 4; bk. xvi, c. 9. ME. niste (Chaucer, C. T. F. 502). OE. nyste, for ne wyste; wiste, pt. t. of witan, to know.

=nithing,= a vile coward; a term of severe reproach. Nithing, Blount’s Gloss.; spelt niding, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xviii (end); p. 79. Icel. nīðingr, legally the strongest term of abuse for a traitor, coward, or the like (Vigfusson).

=no,= used ironically; ‘No rich idolatry’ (i.e. great idolatry), Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Learchus); ‘No villainy’ (i.e. great villainy), Mad Lover, iii. 6 (Chilax).

=noble,= a coin worth 6_s._ 8_d._ Richard II, i. 1. 88.

=noblesse,= noble birth or condition. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 297; the nobility, persons of noble rank, ‘There is in every state . . . two portions of subjects; the Noblesse and the Commonaltie’, Bacon, Essay 15, § 13; Richard II, iv. 1. 119 (1st quarto only). ME. noblesse, nobleness, noble rank (Chaucer). F. noblesse, ‘nobility, gentry; gentlemanliness’ (Cotgr.).

=nobley,= great display, splendour. Morte Arthur, leaf 158, back, 8; bk. viii, c. 29; lf. 211, back, 32; bk. 10, c. 6. ME. nobley, nobility, dignity, splendour, noble rank; assembly of nobles (Chaucer). OF. noblei(e, nobility of rank or estate; Anglo-F. noblei, nobleness (Rough List).

=nocent,= harmful. Milton, P. L. ix. 186; guilty, Greene, James IV, v. 6 (Sir Cuthbert). L. nocens, hurtful, culpable.

=nock,= a notch at the end of a bow, or in the head of an arrow; ‘The nocke of the shafte’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 127). Also, the cleft of the buttocks, Butler, Hud. i. 1. 285. Du. nock, ‘a notch in the head of an arrowe’ (Hexham). See Nares.

=nock,= (perhaps) a notch. The phr. much in my nock seems to mean ‘much in my line’, ‘very suitable for me’, Triumphs of Love and Fortune (last speech but one of Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 242. So also beyond the nock, above or beyond measure, ‘He commendeth hym by yonde the nocke, Il le prise oultre bort, or oultre mesure’, Palsgrave.

=noddy,= a simpleton. Two Gent. i. 1. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=noddy,= a card-game. Heywood, Woman killed with Kindness (Wendell); B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); Westward Ho, iv. 1 (Birdlime); Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Liverpool). See Nares.

=nog,= a kind of strong beer, brewed in East Anglia, esp. in Norfolk; ‘Walpole laid a quart of nog on’t’, Swift, Upon the Horrid Plot, &c., 31; ‘Here’s a Norfolk nog’, Vanbrugh, A Journey to London, i. 1 (John Moody). See EDD. (s.v. Nog(g)).

=noise,= a company of musicians, a band. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1. 4. Common. The phrase Sneak’s noise (2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13) is copied by Heywood, Iron Age (Thersites), vol. iii, p. 312.

=nones:= phr. for the nones = for then ones, for the once, for the occasion. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9; B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. i (Nano). See Dict. (s.v. Nonce).

=nook-shotten,= provided with capes and necks of land; ‘That nook-shotten isle of Albion’, Hen. V, iii. 5. 14. See the quotations in NED.

=noonstead,= the sun’s place at noon; the meridian. Spelt noonestede, Sackville, Induction, st. 7; ‘Now it nigh’d the noonstead of the day’, Drayton, Mooncalf (Nares). ‘Noonstead’ for the point of noon is known in north Yorks. (EDD).

=nope,= a bull-finch. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 74; ‘A Nope (bird), rubicilla’, Coles, 1679; ‘Chochepierre, a kind of nowpe or bullfinch that feeds on the kernels of cherri-stones’, Cotgrave. In prov. use. in various parts of England (EDD.). See =awbe.=

=noppe,= nap of cloth. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 453. Du. noppe, nap (Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Nap.^{2}).

=noppy,= ‘nappy’ (as ale), having a head, strong. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 102. ‘Nappy’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See above.

=nosel;= see =nuzzle.=

=nose-thrilles,= nostrils. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75. 3; § 84. 2. OE. nosþyrel, nostril.

=n’ot,= know not. I not, I know not, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 114. ME. noot (not), 1 and 3 pr. s., I know not, he knows not (Chaucer); OE. nāt (for ne wāt).

=notted,= without horns; ‘A lamb . . . it is notted’ (footnote, without horns), Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 87. In prov. use we find ‘notted’ (‘knotted’, ‘natted’) meaning hornless, gen. of sheep; also ‘not’, hornless, of sheep or cattle, see EDD. (s.v. Not, adj.).

=nott-headed,= having head with hair cropped short. Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 3 (Preamble). ME. not-heed, a head with hair cropped short (Chaucer, C. T. A. 109); see Skeat’s Notes in Complete Edition. OE. hnot, bald-headed, close-cut (Sweet).

=noulde,= would not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., February, 192. ME. nolde (Chaucer); OE. nolde (for ne wolde).

=noule;= see =nowl.=

=nourry,= a foster-child. Sir E. Wingfield, Letter to Wolsey (NED.); nourie, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth, &c., st. 4; noorie, id., Epit., &c., 60; id., Ovid’s Epistle, x (NED.) F. nourri, nourished, nurtured.

=nousle up;= See =nuzzle= (2).

=novel,= news; ‘The novell’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Jupiter); vol. iii, p. 55; Iron Age, Part II, A. ii (Soldier); p. 373. See Nares.

=novum,= an old game at dice, played by five or six persons, the principal throws being nine and five. L. L. L. v. 2. 547; ‘Change your game for dice; We are full number for Novum’, Cook, Greene’s Tu Quoque; in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 551, col. 1; spelt novem, A Woman never vexed, ii. 1. 5. The ‘full number’ in this company was six; the two principal throws were nine and five. The game was properly called novem quinque (Douce); see Nares.

=nowl,= the crown of the head; the head. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 17; noule, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. hnoll, the top, summit, crown of the head. See Dict. (s.v. Noule).

=nowl,= a blockhead. Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 113.

=nowle,= a mole-hill. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 17.

=nown,= own. Mine own became my nown; hence his nowne = his own; Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 49. See Nares.

=noy,= annoyance, vexation. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, pp. 522, 532); noy, to annoy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; noyance, annoyance, id., i. 1. 23; noyous, troublesome (NED.). See Nares.

=noyfull,= harmful, disagreeable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 24, § 2.

=nuddle,= to beat, to pummel. Rawlins, The Rebellion, iv. 1 (Trotter).

=nuddock,= the nape of the neck. Phaer, Aeneid vii, 742. ‘Nuddick’ is the Cornish word for the back of the neck, see EDD. (s.v. Niddick).

=nullifidian,= a man of no faith, a sceptic in matters of religion. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).

=numbles,= certain inward parts of a deer; part of the back and loins of a hart; ‘Noumbles of a dere or beest, entrailles’, Palsgrave; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 7; nomblis, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 7 b. F. nombles d’un cerf, ‘the numbles of a stag’ (Cotgr.); OF. nomble (Godefroy). See Dict. And see =umbles.=

=numerical,= particular, individual; ‘Not only of the specifical, but numerical forms’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. i, § 33. Also (with same or very) identical, ‘That very numerical lady’, Dryden, Marriage à la Mode, ii. 1 (Palamede); also in form numerick, ‘The same numerick crew’, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 461.

=nup,= a simpleton; ‘The vilest nup’, Brewer, Lingua, ii. 1 (end).

=nupson,= a simpleton. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brainworm); id., Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug).

=nursle,= to nurse; ‘To have a Bastard . . . nursled i’ th’ Countrey’, Brome; Eng. Moor, iii. 3 (NED.); noursle up, to train up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 35. See =nuzzle.=

=nurt, nort,= to push with the horns. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 28; nort, to push toward, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. viii, ch. 21. Nurt, possibly related to OF. hurter (F. heurter), to push.

=nuzzle,= to poke or push with the nose; ‘I nosyll as a swyne dothe, je fouille du museau’, Palsgrave spelt nousle, Venus and Ad. 1115; to nestle close to a person, Heywood, Pleas. Dial. (Wks., ed. 1874, vi. 201); Marston, What you will, iii. 2 (Albano). Cp. Du. neuselen, to poke with the nose (Kilian).

=nuzzle,= to train, educate, nurture (freq. with up). Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, Prol. 16; Drayton, Pol. xi. 180; nosel, Nice Wanton, Prol. 9, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 163; nousle up, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 23; noursle up, F. Q. vi. 4. 35; nuzled in, pp. trained in, Holinshed, Chron. iii. 1225 (NED.); nusled in, New Customs, iii. 1; Light of Gospel (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 44). See NED. See =nursle.=

=nycibecetour,= a dainty dame, a fashionable girl; ‘Nycibecetours, or denty dames’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 120; nicibecetur, Roister Doister, i. 4. 12.

=nye,= to draw nigh, approach. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 316; ‘We shall nyghe the towne’, Palsgrave, 644.

=nyefe;= see =neif.=

†=nysot,= a wanton girl. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1244. Not found elsewhere.

O

=O,= a round spot; a circle; ‘This wooden O’ (i.e. circular space), Hen. V, Prol. 13; Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 81. See =oes.=

=oade,= woad. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1 (Albius).

=oatmeals,= a set of riotous and profligate young men (Cant); ‘Roaring boys and oatmeals’, Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song).

=Ob and Soller,= a dabbler in scholastic logic; one who deals with obs (objections) and sols (solutions) in disputations; ‘To pass for deep and learned Scholars, although but paltry Ob and Sollers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1242.

=obarni,= in full Mead obarni, i.e. ‘scalded mead’, a drink used in Russia; ‘Hum, Meath and Obarni’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.). Russ. obvarnyi, scalded.

=oblatrant,= railing, reviling. One of the words ridiculed by B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). L. oblatrare, to bark at.

=obley,= a little cake of bread, prepared for consecration in the celebration of the Eucharist, the sacramental wafer; ‘The kyng shall offre an obbley of brede . . . with the whiche obleye after consecrate the king shall be howseld’, Devyse, Coron. Hen. VIII (NED.); spelt ubblye, Morte Arthur, leaf 360. 6; bk. xvii, ch. 20. ME. obly or ubly. ‘nebula’ (Prompt. EETS. 312, see note, no. 1528); obeley ‘oblata’ (Voc. 598. 24). OF. oublee, ‘hostie’ (Didot), Med. L. oblata, ‘panis ad sacrificium oblatus, hostia nondum consecrata’ (Ducange).

†=obliquid,= directed obliquely. Only in Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 54.

=obnoxious,= exposed to; ‘The having them obnoxious to ruin’, Bacon, Essay 36, § 3; submissive, ‘In consort, men are more obnoxious to others’ humours’, id., Essay 20, § 6; ‘They that are envious towards all are obnoxious and officious towards one’, id., Essay 44, § last; Dryden, ii. 1 (Emperor). L. obnoxius, lit. exposed to harm, also, exposed to the power of another, hence, submissive.

=obsequies,= funeral rites, a funeral. 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 147. Anglo-F. obsequies (Rough List), Med. L. obsequiae, ‘exequiae funebres’ (Ducange).

=obsequious,= dutiful in performing funeral obsequies, or in manifesting regard for the dead; ‘To shed obsequious teares upon this Trunke’, Titus And. v. 3. 152; ‘To do obsequious Sorrow’, Hamlet, i. 2. 92; obsequiously, in the manner of a mourner, ‘I obsequiously lament’, Richard III, i. 2. 3.

=obtrect,= to disparage. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Usher). L. obtrectare.

=occupy,= to make use of; ‘Sondrie wares, . . . that men did commonly occupy’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 67; to trade, Luke xix. 13; ‘They dyd dwell amonges them . . . occupying with them verye familiarly’, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 31). See Bible Word-Book. But often used in an indecent sense, till the word became odious, as Shak. notes, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 161.

=occurrent,= occurrence, event. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 68 and 181); BIBLE, 1 Kings v. 4.

=odible,= hateful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 12, § last; Fabyan, Chron., bk. i, c. 8. L. odibilis.

=œillade,= an amorous glance. Merry Wives, i. 3. 68. F. œillade (Cotgr.), deriv. of œil, an eye.

=o’er-hill’d,= covered over. B. Jonson, Masque of Beauty (January). See =hill.=

=oes,= bright round spots. Bacon, Essay 36; stars, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 188; O’s, small metallic spangles, as in ‘embroidered with O’s’, B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 3.

=oil:= oil of angels, oil of gold coins (i.e. coin employed in bribes). Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer). Oil of ben (or been), oil from the ben-nut, or winged seed of the horse-radish tree (Moringa pterygosperma). Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (Ricardo). Arab, bân, the horseradish tree, or ben-nut. See Stanford (s.v. Ben). Oil of devil, a ‘momentous preparation’ of unknown ingredients. Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3 (Leontius). Oil of height, the red elixir, a red oil, fabled to transmute other metals into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Oil of luna, the white elixir, for transmuting other metals into silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Oil of mace, oil from the spice called mace; but with a punning reference to the mace borne by a serjeant who arrested a prisoner. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Sir B.). Oil of talc, a cosmetic, said to have been obtained from talc. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Shave ’em).

=old,= great, plentiful, abundant; ‘Old utis’, high merriment, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 22; ‘Ould filching’, abundant stealing, Arden of Fev. ii. 2. 53. ‘Old’ is used as an intensitive in many parts of England and Scotland, e.g. in Cheshire ‘old doings’ signify great sport, great merriment, an uncommon display of hospitality, see EDD. (s.v. Old, 11). ME. ‘gode olde fyghtyng’, Bone Florence, 681 (NED.).

=old,= a country pronunc. of ‘wold’, plain open country. King Lear, iii. 4. 125; also ould, Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 38.

=oilet-hole,= an ‘eyelet-hole’, a small round hole worked in cloth. Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); Gent. of Venice, iii. 1. 7. F. œillet, a little eye, an eilet-hole (Cotgr.). From F. œil, an eye. See NED. (s.v. Oillet).

=olfact,= to smell; a pedantic form. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742. L. olfactus, pp. of olfacere, to smell.

=oliphant,= elephant. Heywood, Brazen Age (Meleager), vol. iii, p. 187. ME. oliphant (Kingis Quair, 156); Anglo-F. olifant (Ch. Rol. 3119), oliphant (Bozon, 19).

=olla podrida,= a medley. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Roscius solus). Span. olla podrida (lit. rotten pot), a dish composed of many kinds of meats and vegetables stewed or boiled together; for detailed account of ingredients, see Stevens.

=on cai me on;= ‘Bid on cai me on, farewell’, Marlowe, Faustus, 40 (ed. Tucker Brooke). Gk. ὂν καὶ μὴ ὄν, existence and non-existence (Aristotle). The meaning is, Bid farewell to Aristotle and philosophy.

=on-end:= phr. still on-end, continually. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 17. See =an-end.=

=on gog,= ‘a-gog’, in eagerness, full of eagerness. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 288; to set on gog, to excite, make eager, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, x (NED.).

=on hight,= aloud, in a high voice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 45. ME. on highte: ‘And spak thise same wordes al on highte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1784).

=one,= alone, solus; ‘I one of all other’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 170); his one, his own, ‘Then was she judged Triamond his one’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 21.

†=oneyers;= ‘Burgomasters and great oneyers’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 84. Meaning doubtful; perhaps persons who converse with great ones (Schmidt).

=only,= alone; ‘Th’ only breath him daunts’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 13; especial, ‘Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread’, id., i. 7. 50; ‘His onely hart-sore and his onely foe’, id., ii. 1. 2.

=onsay,= a saying of ‘On!’, the word to advance, the signal to start. New Custom, ii. 2, l. 10 from end; see NED.

=ontwight;= see =untwight.=

=operance,= operation, action. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 73.

=operant,= operative, active. Hamlet, iii. 2. 184; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Virginius); Heywood, The Royal King, i. 1 (King); vol. vi, p. 6.

†=ophic,= (?) relating to serpents; ‘Resolve To ophic powder’, Lady Alimony, ii. 3 (Morisco). The sense is doubtful.

=oppignorate,= to pawn, to pledge. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 91). L. oppignerare, to pledge; from pignus, a pledge.

=optic,= a magnifying glass, lens. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, i. 1 (Theodoret); optic glass, a telescope, Milton, P. L. i. 288.

=optimate,= a noble or aristocrat. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 381; xi. 706. L. optimates, prop. members of the ‘Nobilitas’ in Rome, fr. optimus, best.

=opunctly,= according to appointment; at the time appointed. In Cook, Green’s Tu Quoque; Ancient E. Drama, ii. 565, col. 2. For appunctly. Cp. Med. L. appunct(u)are, ‘pacisci, convenire’ (Ducange).

=orangeado-pie,= a pie with candied orange-peel. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 2 (Crambo). See =oringado.=

=orbity,= bereavement, childlessness. Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Pamphilus); vol. vi, p. 127. L. orbitas, orphanage, childlessness.

=ordinary,= a public dinner, where each one pays his share. ‘Crown ordinary’, a five-shilling dinner, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); ‘He kept a daily Ordinary (thanks being the only shot his guests were to pay)’, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 6. 328. F. ordinaire, ‘ce qu’on a accoutumé de servir pour le repas. Il tient un bon ordinaire’ (Dict. Acad. 1762).

=ordinately,= regularly, in an orderly way, righteously; ‘To walke ordinatly, and in a plain way’, Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, 27). Cp. L. ordinate, in an orderly manner (Vulgate, 1 Mac. vi. 40).

=ore,= the name of a fine kind of wool, esp. from Leominster; ‘To whom did never sound the name of Lemster ore?’, Drayton, Polyolbion, song vii, 1. 152; xiv. 237; ‘But then the ore of Lempster’, B. Jonson, The Honour of Wales, 2 Song; ‘The finest Lemster ore’, Herrick, Oberon’s Palace; Fuller, Worthies, 33. See EDD., NED., and Notes and Queries, 6th S. i. 260.

=ore,= seaweed. Drayton, Pol. iv. 74. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.vv. Ore and Ware). OE. wār, ‘alga’ (Napier, OE. Glosses, 23. 2).

=orgule,= pride. State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 88 (NED.). OF. orguel (F. orgueil), pride.

=orguillous,= proud, haughty; ‘Proud and orgulllous’, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 36); orgillous, Tr. and Cr., Prol. 2. Anglo-F. orguillous (Gower, Mirour, 1612). F. orgueilleux, proud.

=oricalche,= a very precious metal. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 78. L. orichalcum, yellow copper ore, brass, highly prized by the ancients; Gk. ὀρείχαλκος, mountain-copper (hence F. archal, in fil d’archal, brass-wire).

=orient,= applied to pearls and precious stones of superior quality and brilliancy, as coming from the East. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca). Hence lustrous, brilliant, bright; ‘Now Morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl’, Milton, P. L. v. 2; ‘Ten thousand banners rise into the air with orient colours waving’, id., i. 516. Cp. F. perles d’Orient (Dict. Acad. 1762).

=oringado,= candied orange-peel. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, i. 1 (Steward). Cp. Span. naranjada, ‘a conserve made with oranges’; naranja, orange (Stevens). See =orangeado-pie.=

=ork, orc,= a sea-monster. Drayton, Pol. ii. 95; vii. 51. L. orca.

=orkyn,= a small coin, a quarter of a stiver; ‘Bye an yearthen potte . . . for an orkyn’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 28. Du. oortken, ‘an orkey, or the fourth part of a stiver, or two doits’ (Hexham); dimin. of oort, a small coin; see Franck.

=orped,= stout, active, bold. Spelt orpid, Golding, Metam. vii. 440; fol. 85 (1603); (of a boar) fierce, furious, id., viii. 395; fol. 99. ME. orped, stout, brave (Gower, C. A. i. 2590); see Dict. M. and S. OE. orped, gloss of adultus, syn. snell (Napier, OE. Glosses, 3361).

=orpharion,= a large kind of lute with from six to nine pairs of strings, played with a plectrum; ‘The orpharion to the lute’, Drayton, Pastorals, iii. 111. Composed of the names of Orpheus and Arion, mythical musicians of Greek poetry.

=orphelin,= an orphan. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 171. 11. Anglo-F. orphelin, destitute, orphanin, an orphan (Gower); Late L. type *orphaninus, deriv. of orphanus, Gk. ὀρφανός, bereft of parents or children.

=orpin,= orpiment, yellow arsenic. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 713. F. orpin, ‘orpine, orpiment or arsenick’ (Cotgr.).

=ortyard,= orchard. Golding, Metam. xiv. 624; fol. 175, back (1603). OE. ortgeard. The first element ort = L. hortus (in Med. L. ortus), a garden; cp. Norm. F. ort, ‘jardin, verger’ (Moisy 558), Anglo-F. ort (Gower, Mirour, 12868).

=ospringer,= an osprey. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 557; ‘Ospringe, a byrde’, Palsgrave.

=ossifrage,= the Lammergeyer or Geir Eagle, identified with the ‘ossifraga’ of Pliny; ‘Ossifrage, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a Beak that therewith she breaks bones and is therefore called a bone-breaker’, Blount; in BIBLE, Lev. xi. 13, ossifrage (RV. gier eagle). Identified with the ‘osprey’ or fish-hawk. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 505.

=ostend,= to show. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Q. Mary), ed. Dyce, p. 194; Heywood, Silver Age (Jupiter), vol. iii, p. 163. L. ostendere.

=ostent,= a prodigy, manifestation. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 748; show, Hen. V, v, chorus, 21; ostentation, Heywood, Iron Age, Part I (Ulysses); vol. iii, p. 329. Also, to display, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 14, § 6. L. ostentum, a prodigy (Vulg., Exod. vii. 3); ostentare, to display (Vulg., Heb. vi. 11).

=osteria,= a hostelry, inn. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca); Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2. 1. Ital. osteria (Florio), Med. L. hostellaria, ‘diversorium’ (Ducange).

=ostry,= a hostelry. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3 (Robin). Hence ostry-faggot, a faggot in a hostelry, Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1242); p. 133, col. 1. See =hostry.=

=otacousticon,= an ear-trumpet, an instrument used to assist hearing. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3 (Ronca). Gk. ὠτ- (ὠτός, gen. of οὖς an ear) + ἀκουστικός, acoustic.

=other,= left; other leg, left leg, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 23; other eye, left eye, id., iii. 9. 5; other hand, left hand, id., v. 12. 36.

=other-gates,= of another kind. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); ‘Works . . . requiring other-gates workmen’, Gauden, Tears of the Church, Pref. (Davies); in another way, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 199. Still survives in the north country and in Warwicksh. (EDD.).

=ouch,= the socket of a precious stone, an ornament, jewel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Moroso); ‘Thou shalt make them (the stones) to be set in ouches of gold’, BIBLE, Exod. xxviii. 11; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 52. ME. nowch, ‘monile, scutuler’ (Prompt. EETS. 309). Anglo-F. nouche, a brooch (Gower, Balades, xxxiii. 2); nusche (Rough List). See =owch.=

=ought,= pt. t. owned, possessed. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 (Leonora). Also, owed; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 608; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 39; ii. 8. 40. ME. oght (Dest. Troy, 12404), ouhte, owned, possessed (P. Plowman, C. iv. 72). OE. āhte, pt. t. of āgan, to possess, own. See =owe.=

=oultrage,= ‘outrage’, violence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 182, back, 31. Anglo-F. oultrage, oltrage, outrage, extravagant conduct (Gower). Med. L. ultragium, ‘immoderatio’, ‘injuria’ (Ducange), deriv. of L. ultra, beyond.

=oultrance:= phr. put to oultrance, put to the extremity, put to death; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 67, back, 10. Anglo-F. oultrance: ‘la guerre jusques al oultrance’ (Gower, Mirour, 8040); see NED. (s.v. Outrance). See =utterance.=

=ouphe,= a fairy, an ‘elf’, ‘oaf’, goblin, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 49. Icel. ālfr, an elf. See =aulf.=

=out,= proverbial saying, out of God’s blessing into the warm sun, from better to worse, Heywood’s Proverbs, bk. ii, ch. 5 (ed. Farmer, pp. 67 and 148); Harrison, Desc. Britain, in Holinshed (ed. 1577, i. fol. 11a). Cp. Lyly’s Euphues (ed. Arber, 320), ‘Thou forsakest God’s blessing to sit in a warme Sunne’; and, ‘If thou wilt follow my advice . . . thou shalt come out of a warme Sunne into God’s blessing’ (id. 196), where the proverb is reversed; ‘Thou must approve the common saw, Thou out of heaven’s benediction comest To the warm sun!’ King Lear, ii. 2. 157, 158 (see W. A. Wright’s note in C. P. Series). The original meaning of this proverbial expression is not clear.

=out,= to put out, extinguish, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 735; ‘Witness that Taper whose prophetick snuff Was outed and revived with one puff’, Quarles, Argalus and Parthenia (ed. 1678, 77).

=outbrast,= pt. t. burst out. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. Pt. t. of ME. outbresten; ‘The blode outbrast’ (Dest. Troy, 8045); see NED. (s.v. Outburst).

=out-brayed,= pt. t. brayed out, uttered aloud. Sackville, Induction, st. 18. Doubtless confused with =abraid.=

=out-breast,= to outvoice, surpass in singing. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. 145.

=outcept,= except. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan); ii. 1 (Hilts).

=out-cry,= an auction; because such a sale was proclaimed by the common crier. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia); New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (Bellides). See Nares.

=outrecuidance,= arrogance. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Dique); Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (or 2) (Golding). F. oultrecuidance, an overweening presumption, pride, arrogancy (Cotgr.); F. outrecuidance; O. Prov. oltracuidar, oltra, L. ultra, beyond + cuidar, to think, L. cogitare.

=outrider,= a highwayman. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43.

=outsquat,= to throw out (as from a sling), to scatter; ‘The greatest sort with slings their plummet-lompes of lead outsquats’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 687.

=overcraw,= to triumph over, lit. to crow over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 50. See Nares.

=overdight,= pp. covered over. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 53; iv. 8. 34. Dight, pp., appears in later poetic language to be often taken as an archaic form of decked, see NED. (s.v. Dight, vb. 10).

=overflown,= flushed with wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 2 (Ph.). Cp. Milton, P. L., i. 502, ‘Then wander forth the sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.’

=overgrast,= overgrown with grass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130.

=overhaile,= to draw over. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75. See =hale and ho.=

=overlashing,= extravagant. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 105); extravagance, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 39.

=overlive,= to survive. Bacon, Essay 27, § 4.

=overlook,= to look down upon, despise. Hen. V, iii. 5. 9; B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).

=overlop,= the planking of a deck; the ‘orlop’; ‘His bed was not laid upon the overlop’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Shak. Plutarch, p. 295, § 3). Du. overloop, ‘the covert or deck of anything; the hatches of a ship’ (Hexham).

=overseen,= betrayed into error, deluded. Chapman, Argument 2 to Iliad, bk. xiv; intoxicated, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16; ed. Arber, p. 37. ‘Overseen’ is still in prov. use in both senses: (1) cheated, deluded; (2) overcome with drink, intoxicated; see EDD. (s.v. Overseen, 3 and 4).

=over-shot,= i.e. an over-shot mill, a mill worked by water pouring over the top of the wheel. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 2 (Chilax).

=overthwart,= across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15; bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an adverse circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s Misc. p. 27. ‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. overthwarte: ‘ovyr wharte, transversus’ (Prompt. EETS. 321).

=overture,= an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss has: ‘Overture, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and used in good writers.’ Anglo-F. overture, an opening (Gower).

=overture,= used to mean overthrow. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1 (Glister). See NED. for other examples.

=overwent,= oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The gloss has: ‘overwent, overgone.’

=owch,= a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31. See =ouch.=

=owdell,= a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh awdl, a rime or assonance.

=owe,= to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4. 123. ME. owen, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. C. 361); OE. āgan. See =ought.=

=ower,= a form of oar; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482.

=Owlglass,= a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German Eulenspiegel; see below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of an old German jest-book translated into English in 1560.

=owl-spiegle,= an English part-rendering of German Eulenspiegel (Eule, owl + spiegel, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of mediaeval times, the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out, thou houlet! . . . owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘Ulen Spiegel!’, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. espiègle (Hatzfeld). See above.

=ox:= Proverbial saying—The black ox has trod on his foot, i.e. he has fallen into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a pretty wench . . now . . the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When . . the blacke Oxe (shall) treade on their foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in their youth’, id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod on his nor her foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black ox never trod on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity meant’, Ray, Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 6 (Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).

P

=paciens,= ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is . . . garnished with great long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England, Chronology, 1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions).

=pack,= to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155; packed, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus).

=packing,= confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121; Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni).

=pad,= a toad, proverbial saying, a pad in the straw, a lurking danger; ‘In straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 656; Gosson, School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Chat). In Yorks. ‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. padda, a toad; Flem. padde, ‘crapauld’ (Plantin).

=paddock,= a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes, grenouilles’, Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or toad (EDD.).

=pad,= a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); horse pad, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); high pad, the highway, Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or Knight of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. Pad, a road-horse, a pad-nag, Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence padder, a foot-pad, Massinger, New Way to pay, &c., ii. 1 (Marrall); padding, robbing on the highway, ‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29. ‘Pad’ is in gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). Low G. pad, path; padden, to go on foot (Koolman).

=pad,= a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.^{5}), and NED. (Pad, sb.^{4}).

=pagador,= pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657). Span. pagador, a paymaster (Stevens).

=pagan,= a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168; a bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host).

=paggle,= to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.).

=paigle,= a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7); spelt paggles, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=painful,= painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 147; ‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry, 170. Still in use in the north country (EDD.).

=painted,= adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a handsome exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride, vainglory, id., Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id., Antigonus, § 14.

=painted cloth,= cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED.

=pair of cards,= a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares.

=pair of organs,= an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.); ‘Unes orgues, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave, 183. See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c).

=pair-royal,= in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of points, as three twos, &c. Hence, a set of three persons or things, Ford, Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’, Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler, Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; pair-royal, riming with trial); ‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See Nares and NED. ‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of (1) a ‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a gathering of persons of a similar disposition (EDD.). See =parreal.=

=paise;= see =peise.=

=pall,= to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer, Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I, Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532).

=palliard,= a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Palliards, one of the twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by means of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. paillard, ‘a knave, rascall’, &c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. paille, L. palea, straw.

=palm,= the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points project. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124.

=palmplay,= a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. Cp. F. jeu de paume (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume).

=palped,= that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. palpare, to feel.

=palt,= to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 165.

=palter,= to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 63.

=paltock,= a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27; bk. v, c. 10; OF. paletocque; ‘Paltocke, a garment, halcret’ (Palsgrave). ME. paltok (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); paltoke (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1569). F. palletoc, ‘a long and thick pelt or cassock, a garment like a short cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Paletot).

=Paltock’s inn,= a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably here a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat. ‘pollutum hospitium’, l. 61).

=pampestry,= a corrupt form of palmistry. Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 25. ME. pawmestry (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870).

=pamphysic,= concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Gk. παμ- + φυσικός.

=panada, panado,= bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants, sugar, &c. Panada, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); panado, Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver), the word is spelt poynado. Span. panada. See Stanford (s.v. Panade).

=panarchic,= all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + -ic.

=panax,= all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. panax; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής, all-healing.

=pandora,= a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; pandore, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See Stanford.

=paned hose,= breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham). From pane, a patch of cloth. OF. pan, L. pannus.

=panel;= see =pannel.=

=pannam,= bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=pannel,= a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A straw-stufft pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; panel, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. OF. panel, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘paneau (panneau), a pannel of a saddle’ (Cotgr.).

=pannikell,= the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L. panniculus, the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v. Pannicle).

=pantler,= the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler, panis custos, promus’, Gouldman. ME. pantelere, ‘panitarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 326, see note, no. 1571).

=pantofle,= a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat, iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish Curate, iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘Baseæ . . . a kynde of slippers or pantofles’, Cooper, Thesaurus. F. pantoufle (1489 in Hatzfeld). The usual English stress on the first syllable facilitated the corruptions: pantapple (Baret), pantable (Sydney, Arcadia), pantocle (Ascham, Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to words in -ple, -ble, -cle. See NED.

=pap:= phr. pap with a hatchet, infant’s food administered with a hatchet instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or chastisement; ‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and when wee speake for that wee love [like], pap with a hatchet’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Livia); the name of a controversial tract attributed to Lyly.

=parage,= lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf 110, back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister Doister, Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. parage, ‘parente, affinité; noblesse, naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov. paratge, ‘naissance noble, noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. paraticum, see Ducange (s.v. Paragium).

=paramento,= an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Incubo). Span. paramento, ornament; Med. L. paramentum, ornament; parare, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See =pare.=

=paranymph,= friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F. paranymphe, ‘. . . an assistant in the . . . ordering of bridall businesses’ (Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John iii. 29); Gk. παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride.

=parator;= see =paritor.=

=paravaunt,= beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi. 10. 15. F. par avant.

=parboil,= to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Downright). See Dict.

=parbreak, parbrake,= to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322; Hall, Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as sb., vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. parbrakynge, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.); the usual form in Prompt. is brakyn, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p. 749).

=parcel,= a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, BIBLE, John iv. 5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item, particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160.

=parcel,= partly; parcel-gilt, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. Parcel, used for parcel-gilt, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Mother). So also parcel-bawd; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63; Fletcher, Captain, i. 1 (Lodovico). Parcel-popish, Fuller, Worthies, Somerset. See NED. (s.v. Parcel, B. 1).

=parclose, perclose,= close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter. Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97. Norm. F. parclose, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot.

=parcloos, parclose,= an enclosed space in a building, small chamber. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. parclose, an enclosure (Gower); OF. parclouse, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de haies’ (Didot).

=pardalis,= a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; pardale, Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther.

=pare,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence parement, an ornament, id., leaf 236. 27. See =paramento.=

=paregal,= fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134; peregall, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. paregal, ‘parfaitement égal’; see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See =peregall.=

=parel,= ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel . . . of Tirian purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, parrelments, clothes, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. paraille, clothing (P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. apareiller, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy).

=parerga,= unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work.

=parget,= ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9. Anglo-F. pargeter, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol. 2634); see Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see =pergit.=

=parish-top,= a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 44. See =town-top.=

=paritor, parator,= ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an ecclesiastical court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus); parator, Heywood, 2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L. apparitor, a public servant, such as a lictor (Cicero).

=parket,= a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore).

=parlance,= speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix. 12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. parlance, ‘entretien’ (Moisy).

=parlant,= one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32.

=parle,= a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62; to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122.

=parlous,= alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35.

=parmesant,= cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); parmesent, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4 (Poggio). F. parmesan, Ital. parmegiano, belonging to Parma. See Stanford (s.v. Parmesan).

=parnel,= a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. pernelle (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116); F. peronnelle, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’ orig. a feminine Christian name, ME. Peronelle (Gower, C. A. i. 3396); OF. Peronelle, a Christian name from St. Petronilla. Hence the surname Parnell (Bardsley, 582).

=paroli,= at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the money won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. paroli, ‘a grand part, set, or cast at dice’; parolare, ‘to play at a grand part at dice’ (Florio). See Stanford.

=paronomasia,= a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία. See Stanford.

=parreal,= ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The we’s, which is a distinct parreal of wit bound by itself’, &c., Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We Three Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of two silly-looking faces, the unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of Signboards (1866), p. 458. See =pair-royal.=

=parrelments;= see =parel.=

=parsee,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A . . . dogge that hunts my heart By parsee each-wheare found’ (i.e. found everywhere by means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 36, st. 90; ‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by parsie [by the trail] after the stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F. percé, lit. pierced; hence, a wounded animal. Finally, confused with pursue. See =persue.=

=parson,= a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1 (Servant).

=part,= a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of Chalengers’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25.

=partage,= a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana). Anglo-F. partage, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654).

=parted,= gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro).

=Partlet,= a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to a woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. Pertelote, the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. B. 4075, 4295, 4552).

=partlette,= a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12, partlettes = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons; partelettes, Cranmer’s Bible, 1539; ‘Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les femmes couvrent leurs poictrines, a partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.).

=pash,= the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2. 128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=pash,= to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax); Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414) (Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=pashe:= in phr. for the pashe of God, Roister Doister, iv. 3; for the pashe of our sweete Lord Jesus Christ, id., v. 5; for the passion of God, id., iv. 3.

=pass,= to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence passing, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. i. 26; Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD. (s.v. Pass, vb. 8).

=pass,= to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1; to pass of, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous speeches’, id., Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; to pass for, to care for, Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4 (Edward).

=passado,= a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184; Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. passade, Sp. pasada, It. passata.

=passage,= a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws continually till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out or loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he passeth, and wins’, Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘Passe-dix, such a game as our Passage’, Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed, ii. 1. 3. See =court-passage.=

=passant= (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side, with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal. Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. passant, passing.

=passata,= the same as =passado.= Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler).

=passe-measure, passameasure= (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a slow dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; a passy measures Pavyn, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; passa-measures galliard, Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. passamezzo, for passo e mezzo, i.e. a step and a half; see NED.

=passement,= gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. passement; Span. passamano, ‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens).

=passion,= sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Dutch Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger, The Old Law, i. 1 (Simonides).

=passionate,= sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John, ii. 1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin Clout, 427.

=pastance,= pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song by Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5). F. passe-temps; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on ‘cette phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps”’.

=pastillo,= a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. pastillus, an aromatic lozenge (Horace).

=pastler,= a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, 115). ME. pastelere, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no. 1582). OF. pastellier (Godefroy).

=patache,= a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships, pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span. patache (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. bastasia, ‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford.

=patch,= a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius).

†=pathaires,= explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not found elsewhere.

=patish,= to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To pattish, patise, covenant, pacisci’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given as an obsolete Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive together’ (EDD.). Cp. OF. patis, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); patiser, to agree upon; deriv. of L. pactum, an agreement.

=patoun,= the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. pâton, lump or pellet of paste (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=patrico,= a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe), near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19.

=patrone,= a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. patron, ‘modèle, exemple’ (Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. patron, ‘modèle’ (Levy).

=patten,= a form of pattern. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (or 2) (E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, prototypon’, Levins, Manip.

=paunce, pawnce,= the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; panse, Holland, Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. panse, pense, thought, O. Prov. pensa, ‘pensée’ (Levy).

=pauncie,= the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. pensée, ‘a thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.).

=pautener, pawtener,= a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 44; ‘Pautner, malette’, Palsgrave. ME. pawtenere, pawytnere, ‘cassidile’ (Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. pautonniere, ‘a shepherd’s scrip’ (Cotgr.).

=pavan,= a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); pavin, Twelfth N. v. 1. 207; paven, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); pavion, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 19. 12. F. pavane, Ital. pavana, Span. pavana (pabana). See Stanford.

=pavis,= a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp. in sieges; ‘The shotte . . . they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron. Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii, 13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16). Span. paves (Stevens); Ital. pavese, palvese (Florio); Med. L. pavenses, pl. (Ducange); perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Pavois).

=paw,= improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love, v. 2 (Tattle). From paw, or pah! interj., expressive of disgust.

=Pawn,= ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little lawn then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares. F. pan (de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une gallerie ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se pourmeine, ambulacrum’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. pandt, ‘a Covert-walking place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham).

=pax,= a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by the celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others. Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. pax, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called osculatorium, see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903).

=payne mayne,= white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne, payn de bouche’, Palsgrave. ME. payndemayn (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1915); payman, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. pain demeine, Med. L. panis dominicus, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house; cp. L. vinum dominicum, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See =demain.=

=payre,= to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26; § 97. 3. See =appair.=

=paytrelle,= ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119, back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. peitral (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Poitrel).

=peace,= to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. Duchess. I will not peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we passed by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii.

=peak,= to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet, ii. 2. 594; peaking, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71.

=peak,= to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry, § 67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away, in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2} 1 (2)). See =pick.=

=peak-goose,= a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54); Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt pea-goose, Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique).

=peakish,= remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange Within a forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2; ‘Snow on Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. obscura). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown to refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire.

=pearl,= a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. perle of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.).

=pease, pese,= a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25; ‘Not worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; Peason, peas, Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. pese, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE. pisa, piosa, a pea (Sweet).

=pease, peaze,= to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1 (Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME. pese, to appease (Chaucer, C. T. H. 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere, apese). OF. apaisier (Didot).

=peat,= used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades of meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano); Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland for a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v. Peat, sb.^{2}).

=peaze;= see =peise.=

=peccadillo,= a collar. Wooden peccadillo, wooden collar (i.e. the pillory); Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See =pickadil.=

=peck,= meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene pecke, good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=peculiar,= private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11.

=ped,= a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller, Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME. pedde, ‘idem quod paner’ (Prompt.). See =pad= (3).

=pedee;= see =peedee.=

=pedescript,= that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said humorously by one who had been kicked; with pede- substituted for manu-. Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash).

=pedlar’s French,= unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Club).

=pee,= a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. pije, ‘a pie-gowne, or a rough-gowne, as souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence pea-jacket.

=peeble,= pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’, Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); peeble-stone, Golding, Metam. i. 575. The usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.).

=peedee,= a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy); pedee, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips, Dict., 1706.

=peek, peke,= to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’, Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=peel-crow;= see =pilcrow.=

=peeled,= bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30.

=peep,= an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49; ‘Pinta, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the usual word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S. Yorkshire (H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single blossom of flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.^{2} 1). See =pip.=

=peepin, pepin,= a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Pippin).

=peevish,= self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives, i. 4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘Pertinax hominum genus, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4. Hence peevishness, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed pertinacity’, Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi.

=pegma, pegme,= a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription itself; ‘In the centre . . . of the pegme there was an aback or square, wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘His Vincas’; ‘We shall heare . . . who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. pegma, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together.

=peise, paise,= weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xii. 167; peaze, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20; to weigh, ‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28 (NED.); to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan); to poise, ‘The workeman . . . Did peise his bodie on his wings’, Golding, tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd Amid the ocean waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard III, v. 3. 100; Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a weight upon, so as to retard, ‘’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 22. ME. peisen, to weigh: ‘I wolde that my synnes . . . weren peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi. 2); Anglo-F. peise, pres. s. of peser; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol. 1279); L. pensare, to weigh, ponder.

=pelamis,= a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. pelamys; Gk. πηλαμύς.

=peld,= ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and peld’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 599 (L. egenos). See =peeled.=

=pelican,= a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face).

=pelowre,= a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48. ME. pelowre, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331).

=pelt,= a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L. pelta, Gk. πέλτη, a leathern shield.

=pelt,= to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at all ready] to pelt’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the same word as pelt, to strike. See NED.

=pelting,= petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas. for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328.

=peltish,= irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD. (s.v. Pelt, sb.^{5} 8).

=penner,= a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils, &c. (EDD.). ME. pennere, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.).

=penny-father,= a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip); ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482.

=pensel,= a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12; bk. x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, banerolle’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F. pencel (Didot); OF. penoncel (La Curne). Med. L. penuncellus (Ducange).

=pentagoron,= a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed to have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49; pentageron, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly pentagonon. Gk. πεντάγωνος, pentagonal, having five angles.

†=pentweezle,= a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2. (Lysander).

=pepper:= phr. to take pepper in the nose, to take offence, to be vexed. Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues, pp. 118, 375. See Nares.

†=peppernel,= a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere.

=percase,= perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares.

=perceiverance,= mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares.

=perche,= to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME. perchyn, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); perche, ‘to Thirle’ (Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. percher, ‘percer’ (Moisy).

=perchmentier,= a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1095.

=perdie,= a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an asseveration. Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4. 86; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 22. ME. pardee (Chaucer, C. T. A. 563, 3084). OF. pardee (F. par Dieu) Norm. F. Dé = Dieu (Moisy).

=perditly,= desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118. Cp. L. perdite amare, to love desperately.

=perdu, perdue,= a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in a perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3; Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. perdu, lost.

=peregall,= fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 430; no peregal, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Catzo). See =paregal.=

=perge,= go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii (Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. perge, imper.

=pergit,= a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a woman’s face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See =parget.=

=periapt,= an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘periapte, a medicine hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing fastened round one, an amulet (Plato).

=periment,= a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. operimentum, a covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment).

=perish,= to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp. the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.), and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168.

=perk,= saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen. prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., to perk it, to thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to perk it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673); to be perked up, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; to perk up, to stick up, ‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 50).

=perpetuana,= a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called everlasting. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston, What you Will, ii. 1. 8. From L, perpetuus, perpetual.

=perron, peron,= a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a funeral monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28; bk. x, c. 2. F. ‘Perron, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone raised; some quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a great house; also, a square base of stone or metal, some five or six foot high, whereon in old time Knights errant placed some discourse, challenge, or proofe of an adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. perrun, a block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12).

=perry;= see =pirrie.=

=persant,= piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. perçant, pres. pt. of percer, to pierce.

=perséver,= to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear, iii. 5. 23.

=perspective,= an optical instrument for looking through or viewing objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens . . . whereof perspectives begin to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily . . . behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel. Med., Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id. (Bosola), near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see Without a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p. 203); a picture contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing confused or distorted except from one particular point of view, or presenting different aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18.

=perspicil,= a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) perspicilia, spectacles (Ducange).

=perstand,= to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—_per_ceive and under_stand_.

=perstringe,= to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1 (Damplay). L. perstringere.

=persue,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn pursuit [old ed. pursue, i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher, Bonduca, v. 2 (Petillius). See =parsee.=

†=persway,= to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). Not found elsewhere.

=pert,= lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert Fairies’, Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov. use in England, see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart).

=pert,= open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short for apert, open. F. apert; L. apertus.

=peruse,= to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5.

=pester’d, pestred,= crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold here’, Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat, 175). For impestered; ‘Empestré, impestered, intricated, intangled, incumbered’, Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester).

=pesterous,= cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 196).

=pestle,= the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the phr. a pestle of pork; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge (Furnivall, 164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). The pestle of a lark, used fig. for a trifle, something very small, Hall, Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller, Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346. A pestle of a portigue, used jocosely in speaking of a gold coin (a portigue), as eatable meat, to starving sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt).

=petar,= a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet, iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner); petarre, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.).

=peterman,= a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (or 3) (Quicksilver). In reference to St. Peter.

=Peter-see-me,= a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48 (Nares). Sometimes only Peeter, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3 (Song). Pedro Ximenes was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so called after its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling Peter-sameene in Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner).

=pettegrye,= ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict.

=petternel,= a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio). Hence, petronellier, a soldier armed with a petrenel; Gascoigne, Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel).

=petun,= tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. petun, a native South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘Petum femelle, English Tobacco; Petum masle, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See Stanford.

=pewl,= to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction, st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule).

=pex,= for pax. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See =pax.=

=pheare,= a common spelling of =fere,= q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 122; pheer, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo).

=pheeze;= see =feeze.=

=phenicopter,= a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality). Gk. φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt phœnicopterus, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the end).

=philander,= a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt. Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1. This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of a Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED. The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man, but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband.

=Philip,= a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and Northants (EDD.). See =Phip.=

=Philip and Cheiny,= an expression for two or more men of the common people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also, Philip, Hob and Cheanie, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind of worsted or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound . . . T’will put a Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at several Weapons, ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and Davies, Eng. Glossary.

=philomath,= a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve, Love for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής.

=Phip,= a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for =Philip=, q.v.; Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song).

=Phitonesse,= the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul . . . He bad the Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe, 1359. ME. Phitonesse, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937); Phitones, Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); phitonesses, witches (Chaucer, Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. phitonissa for pythonissa, a woman inspired by Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and =fitten.=

=phonascus,= a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a phonascus?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted phenascus in The Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. phonascus (Suetonius); Gk. φωνασκός, one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice.

=phrenitis,= a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium.

=phrontisterion,= a place for thinking or studying, an academy or college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; phrontisterium; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for meditation, a thinking-shop (Aristophanes).

=physnomy, fisnomy,= face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 (Hazard); fisnomy, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42.

=picardil;= see =pickadil.=

=picaro,= a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. picaro, ‘a rogue, a scoundrel, a base fellow’ (Stevens).

=picaroon, pickaroon,= a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly); ‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.); a small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen).

=pick,= to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov. use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2}). See =peak= (2).

=pick,= to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, Je darde’, Palsgrave.

=pick:= in phr. to pick mood, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21.

=pick:= picked, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193; picking, dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198.

=pick,= the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 2 (Sebastian).

=pickadil, pickadel,= the expansive collar fashionable in the early part of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt picardill, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); Underwood (NED.). See =peccadillo.=

=pickaroon;= see =picaroon.=

=picke-devant, pickadevant,= a short beard trimmed to a point. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant, Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. pique-devant, an expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant).

=pickeer,= to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies, Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt pickear, Lovelace, Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt pickere, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 448. See NED.

=pickle,= to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way. Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence pickling, trifling, paltry, Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word ‘to pickle’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).]

=pick-packe,= pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260); scene 2. 89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is still in use in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for ‘pick-pack’ is Huckepack. For numerous forms of this word see NED.

=pickthank,= a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25; Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); pickthank tales, tales told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).

=pick-tooth,= a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1 (Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.).

=piddle,= to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with one’s food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, ii. 2. 137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Piddle, vb.^{1} 1).

=pie, pye,= a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=piece,= a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary, March 14, 1660 (N. S.). A piece of eight, the Spanish dollar of the value of 8 reals, or about 4_s._ 6_d._, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 1. 6 (see Wheatley’s note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face).

=piece,= a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys, Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.).

=pied,= variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt pyed, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt pide, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632).

=pieton,= a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘Pietons, or fotemen’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be all named pietons’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. ‘pieton, a footman, also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.).

=pig,= sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor).

=pigeaneau,= a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1 (Marquis). F. pigeonneau, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of pigeon.

=pigeon-holes,= the name of a game; the same as =troll-my-dames,= q. v.; ‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120.

=pigeon-livered,= applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am pigeon-livered and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed to have no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure he’s a pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 (Castruchio).

=pight,= pt. t. pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’, Drayton, Agincourt, 97; ypight, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff ypight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; pight, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. pighte, pt. t. of picchen; y)pight, pp., see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Picchen).

=pigsnye,= a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, i. 1. Spelt pigges-nye, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560), Pigsneye occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’.

=pike:= in phr. sold at a pike, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from end). Here Kyd translates from F. vendre sous une pique, which refers to the L. phrase venalis sub hasta, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It looks as if Kyd did not understand the allusion.

=pike:= in phr. on the pike, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the cable has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 1. F. à pic, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=pilch,= to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, miche, suffurari’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.).

=pilcher,= a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is sometimes punningly connected with the word pilchard (see below). B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4.

=pilcher,= a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1; Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause).

=pilcher,= a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere.

=pilcrow,= a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser, Husbandry, p. 2; spelt peel-crow, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1 (Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘Paragraphe, Pillcrow’, Cotgrave. Cp. ME. pylcraft in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); pargrafte, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., s.v.

=pile,= the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of a dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind and Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. pilum, the heavy javelin of the Roman foot-soldier.

=pile,= a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, Chron., Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. pile, a stronghold (P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.^{2}).

=pill,= to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. 246; Richard III, i. 3. 159; to pill and poll, Mirror for Mag. 467 (Nares).

=pilling,= plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445. Pilling and polling, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2 (ed. 1700, p. 332). See =poll.=

=pill,= to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov. use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or bark, see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.^{1} 1).

=pillowbeer,= a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women beware Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. pilwe-beer (Chaucer, C. T. A. 694); bere, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254).

=pimp-whiskin,= a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 (Spadone). See =whiskin.=

=pin,= a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121.

=pin,= a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, to cleave the pin, to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; Romeo, ii. 4. 15.

=pinax,= a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. Gk. πίναξ, board.

=pin-bouk,= some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, 165. OE. būc, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket).

=pindy-pandy,= a formula used as equivalent to handy-dandy, in the game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk).

=piner, pyner,= a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set to trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See =pion.=

=ping,= to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.^{2} 1). OE. pyngan, to prick, L. pungere.

=pingle,= to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, pingler, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2 (Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle, vb.^{1} 2). Cp. Swed. dial. pyngla, to be busy about small matters (Rietz).

=pinion,= the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth, (ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED.

=pink,= to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1 (Fulgoso). Low G. pinken, to strike (Schambach).

=pink,= a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares and NED. Du. pinck, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’ (Hexham).

=pink,= to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly (Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. pincken, to shut the eyes (Hexham).

=pinkany,= a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little eye; ‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv. 2 (Wagtail). Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment, Porter, Angry Women, iii. 2 (Philip).

=pink-eyed,= having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids . . . that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed Ocellæ’, Holland, Pliny, xi. 335; spelt pinky-eyed, Kyd, Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, v. 359). A Lanc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.^{1} 4).

=pinnace,= a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). A fig. sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel.

=pinner,= a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene, George-a-Greene, i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’ (or ‘pinner’) is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)). ME. pyndare of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt. EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638). See Dict. (s.v. Pinder).

=pinson,= a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211); ‘Pynson, sho, caffignon’, Palsgrave. ME. pynson, sok (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1642).

=pintas, las,= the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘A las Pintas, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. pintas, basset; pl. of pinta, ‘among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens).

=pion,= to dig, trench, excavate. Hence pyonings, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63. Pioned, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. pioner, to dig (Godefroy). See =piner.=

=pip,= a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is to a game called One-and-thirty, which differs from 32 by 1. So also in Shirley, Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See =peep.=

=pipple,= to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A Replycacion, ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence ‘pippler’, a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple).

=pique,= a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L. pica, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found).

=pirrie, pirry,= a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, § 5; spelt perry, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 482. ME. pyry, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1643).

=pishery-pashery,= trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5 (Eyre); finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre).

=pist!,= hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.).

=pistolet,= a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value from 5_s._ 10_d._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in later times = pistole, worth about 16_s._ 6_d._ ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d at sixteen shillings six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); also called a double pistolet, Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie).

=pitch,= a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the shoulder, the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders, collectively), Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11.

=pitch and pay,= to pay down money at once, pay ready money. Hen. V, ii. 3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror for Mag., Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24.

=plaça,= a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1 (Carlos). Span. plaça (plaza).

=plackerd,= the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard).

=placket,= an apron or petticoat: hence transf. the wearer of a petticoat, a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the top of a skirt or petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a woman’s skirt, ‘Which instrument . . . was found in my Lady Lambert’s placket’, Hist. Cromwell (NED.).

=plage,= a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.); 2 Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. plage, region (Cotgr.). L. plaga, a region.

=plaice-mouth,= a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt plaise-mouth, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene).

=plaie,= wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. plaie; L. plaga.

=plain,= to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘Plaindre, to plaine,’ Cotgrave.

=plain,= to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, Plainer, a carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314.

=plain-song,= a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence, ‘the plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1.

=planch,= to board. Planched, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1. 30; to plaunche on, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2. 12. F. planche, a plank.

=plancher,= a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F. plancher, ‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.).

=plange,= to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31. L. plangere.

=planipedes,= pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The common players of interludes called Planipedes, played barefoote vpon the floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. planipedes (Juvenal).

=plant,= the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B. Jonson, Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. plante, the sole. L. planta.

=plasma,= a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424. Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded.

=platic,= an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.). B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt platique, Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. platicus, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός, broad, diffuse.

=plaudite, plaudity,= shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall plaudities’, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. plaudite, applaud ye.

=play-pheer,= playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See =fere.=

=pleasant,= to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man can’, id., p. 62.

=plight,= to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; plighted, folded, Milton, Comus, 301; pleated, King Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of the Shepherd, 21 (Dyce, 304). ME. plyte, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1204). Anglo-F. plit (Gower) = Norm. F. pleit (Burguy), whence E. plait. See Dict. (s.v. Plait).

=plompe,= a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur, leaf 30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); plompes, troops, bands; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See =plump.=

=plotform,= a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1 (Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed for mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304). See Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219.

=plough.= The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry, p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here. (1) Plough-beam, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for the other parts; (2) The skeath (sheath), a piece of wood 2½ feet long, mortised into the beam; (3) Principal hale, the left-handle; also called plough-tail or plough-start; (4) Plough-head or share-beam, about 3 feet in length; (5) Plough-spindles or rough-staves, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles together; (6) Righthand-hale, or plough-stilt, smaller and weaker than the other; (7) Plough-rest, a small piece of wood, fixed to the plough-head and righthand-hale; (8) Shelboard, i.e. shield-board, a strong board on the right side of the plough; (9) Coulter, a long piece of iron in the front, to cut the soil; (10) Share; (11) Plough-foot, or plough-shoe, before the coulter, to regulate the depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him a plough-mall or small mallet; and, originally, a plough-staff or aker-staff, for clearing the mould-board when required.

=plough-staff,= an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)).

=Plowden.= Proverb: The case is altered, quoth Plowden. For various explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray, Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147.

=ployden;= ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained.

=pluck:= in phr. to pluck down a side, in card-playing, to cause the loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares.

=plumb,= perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933. In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v. Plum, adj.^{1}). F. ‘à-plomb, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Plump).

=plume,= said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck, despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920.

=plummet,= a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used fig. a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.).

=plump,= a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See =plompe.=

=plunge,= to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 21.

=plunge,= a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: to put to a plunge, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Sir Alexander). ‘Il est au bout de son breviaire, he is at a plunge or nonplus’, Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was put to a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.^{1}).

=Plymouth cloak,= a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked in cuerpo, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak; ‘Shall I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my hose and doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or staff’, Ray’s Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose, Local Proverbs in Glossary, 1790. See Nares.

=pocas palabras,= the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare 1603 (ed. 1732, p. 46); paucas pallabris, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span. palabra, Med. L. parabola, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable, similitude (Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford.

=poinado,= a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70; Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘Poinard, or Poinado’, Phillips, 1658.

=poinet, poynet,= an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet. J. Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to poignet). F. poignet, wrist; poing, the fist. See NED.

=point,= a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for fastening various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 49. Very common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25.

=point:= in phr. point of war, a short strain sounded as a signal by a trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94; Peele, Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point, sb.^{1} 9).

=point:= in phr. to point [F. à point], to the smallest detail, completely; ‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2. 194; ‘Are ye all fit?’ 1 Gent. ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i. 4. 2.

=point-device= (=-devyse=)=,= completely, perfectly, in every point. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of perfection, As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. poynt devys: ‘Her nose was wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. à point devis, or devis à point, arranged to a proper point or degree. See NED.

=pointed,= pp. appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12.

=poise,= a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘Poyses made of leadde’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; poyse, heavy fall; Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 54. See =peise.=

=poisure,= poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 1 (Valentine).

=poking-stick, poker,= a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2. Poker, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).

=poldavy, polldavy,= a sort of coarse canvas; ‘Poldavy, or buckram’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2, let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from Poldavide, dep. Finisterre, France; near Daoulas, whence E. dowlas (Phil. Soc. Trans., May, 1904). The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’.

=poldron;= see =pouldron.=

=pole-ax;= see =pollax.=

=polehead,= a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1 (Quadratus); ‘Cavesot, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do come’, Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form is powet (or powit); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. polhevede (Gen. and Ex., 2977).

=polepennery,= extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is polepennery’, Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606).

=politien,= a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp. 158, 159; politians, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. policien, a citizen, a politician (Godefroy).

=poll,= to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 112; to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.); to plunder by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); to poll and pill, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 6.

=pollard,= an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns, or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a cuckold. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares.

=pollax, pole-ax,= a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘Bec de faulcon, a fashion of Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s Pensioners’, Cotgrave; ‘Mazzière, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as the Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio.

=pollenger,= a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13.

=poller,= one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt poler, Bacon, Essay 56, 4.

=poll-hatchet,= a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a term of abuse or contempt. Spelt powle-hatchett, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29.

=polony,= a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2. 131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan Sasiges’. See Dict.

=pomeroy,= a variety of apple. Spelt pom-roy, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 1, § 2. See NED.

=pomewater,= a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with a few rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’, Vox Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire word (EDD.).

=pommado,= an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury), where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has pommado reverso, said to mean the vaulting off the horse again. If so, ‘the whole pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one of them. F. pommade, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.).

=pompillion,= an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar; ‘Populeon, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. populeon (Godefroy, Compl.). See NED.

=pompillion,= a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below.

=pompion,= a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Fame); ‘Pompon, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc. word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. pompoen, ‘a pompion, pumpkin’ (Sewel).

=pon,= a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc. of ‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.).

=ponder,= weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p. 102; a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142.

=pontifical,= bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. pons (bridge) + facere (to make). It may be noted that L. pontifex (a pontiff) has probably nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED.

=pooke;= see =pouke.=

=poop-noddie, pup-noddie,= cony-catching, the art of befooling the simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’, Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED.

=poor-john,= a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii. 2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v. Poor).

=pooter,= the same as =poting-stick,= q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, ch. 47, st. 8.

=pope-holy,= sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b, 2); pop-holy, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME. pope-holy (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415, Pope-Holy is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation of the papelardie of the French original.

=popering,= a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders. Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); a poprin pear, Romeo, ii. 1. 38.

=popler,= porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Poppelars, porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; popplar of yarum, mylke porrage, id., p. 86; poplars of yarrum, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=popping,= chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound; foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39.

=popular,= populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson, True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton, Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl.

=porcpisce,= a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius); porpice, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict.

=porpentine,= a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363; used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED.

=porret, poret,= a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31; ‘Porret, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. porrette, ‘maiden leek, bladed leek, unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. poret, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette).

=port,= to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980.

=port,= deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state, splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124.

=port,= the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of 1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i. 1. 2; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. porte, a gate.

=portague,= a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time between £3 5_s._ and £4 10_s._ B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt portigue, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; portegue, Phillips, Dict., 1658; pl. portagues, Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also, porteguez, Davenant, News fr. Plymouth (NED.). The s (z) of Span. Portugues, Pg. Portuguez, ‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence the English forms portegue, &c.

=portance,= carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21.

=portcannons,= ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of breeches; see =canion.= Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926.

=portcullis,= an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift).

=porter’s lodge,= the place where great men used to exercise summary punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Graccho).

=portesse,= a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. BIBLE, Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME. portos (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1321); portos, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt. EETS. 342, see note, no. 1662). OF. portehors (Godefroy), Church L. portiforium (Ducange). See Dict.

=portmantua,= a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Mawworm).

=port-sale,= public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (sub corona veniere), Holland, Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.^{2}).

=possede,= to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2.

=possess,= to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44; Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41.

=post,= as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a new magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157; ‘Worship, . . . for so much the posts at his door should signifie’, Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 12.

=post,= a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a post-horse, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, to post, to go with speed, hasten, Richard II, i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands . . . post o’er land and ocean without rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; post over, to hurry over, treat with negligence, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255.

=post and pair,= a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein much depended on vying, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your own hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &c. If there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in the three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and right worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering). See Nares.

=postil,= an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); postill, to annotate, Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. postille (Wyclif, Prol. 1 Cor.); see NED. Mod. L. postilla, a gloss on the Bible (Ducange).

=post-knight,= a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See =knight of the post.=

=posy,= a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed within a ring, on a knife, &c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i. 1 (Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See Dict.

=pot.= In the expressions to the pot, or to go to pot, or to go to the pot, the reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows . . . go to the pot for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); to the pot, to destruction, Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 389).

=potargo,= ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher, Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. poutargo, ‘caviar’ (Mistral, Calendal). See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford.

=potch,= to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.).

=potch,= to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.)

=potestate,= chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30; pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon).

=pot-gun,= used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4 (Norandine).

=poting-stick,= a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 74. OE. potian, to push, thrust.

=potshare,= a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale, Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)).

=pottle,= half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger); a pottell oyle (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p. 16. ‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire (EDD.).

=pouke, pooke,= a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’, Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights . . . Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a mischievous fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Puck, sb.^{1}). ME. pouke: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de Leon, 566); OE. pūca (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2).

=pouke-bug,= for =puck-bug,= a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 594. See =bug.=

=pould,= bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91.

=pouldre,= to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to spot, id., iii. 2. 25. OF. pouldre (F. poudre).

=pouldron, poldron,= a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; espaule (F. épaule), shoulder. See NED.

=poulter,= a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From poult, a chicken.

=poulter’s measure,= poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a metre consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in Surrey and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39).

=poult-foot, powlt-foot,= a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97); B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot).

=Poultry,= the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church of St. Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London, and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 99).

=pounce,= to ornament (cloth, &c.) by punching small holes or figures; also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A . . . cote, garded and pounced’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. ponçon, ‘poinçon, instrument de fer ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy).

=pouncet-box,= 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for pounced box, from pounce, to perforate. See above.

=pouncing,= the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine); Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.^{3} 3).

=pouned,= impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once, a man is . . . poun’d’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp. pounded; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1 (Sir H. Beagle).

=powder,= to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence Powder-beef, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also, to sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62; powdering-tub, Hen. V, ii. 1. 79.

=practice,= scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116; B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares.

=practive,= practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’, Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED.

†=prage,= a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and keene prages goared in entrayls Of stags’, &c., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 197. Is prage a misreading of prāge = prange = prong (see NED.)?

=praise,= to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.^{2} 1).

=prancome,= a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge). Not found elsewhere.

=prank,= showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1).

=prankie-cote,= pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere.

=prats,= buttocks (Cant); ‘Prat, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort).

=prease,= to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7. 44; a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 226. Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by prease in Tyndale and in Cranmer’s Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This is still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.).

=precisian,= one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5; synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102; Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares.

=pree,= short for pree thee, prithee, i.e. I pray thee. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes).

=pregnant,= pressing, compelling, cogent, convincing; hence, clear, obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. preignant, pressing, pp. of preindre, L. premere, to press; cp. preignantes raisons (Godefroy, Compl.).

=pregnant,= receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101; ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. a pregnant wit, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. prégnant (Rabelais), L. praegnans.

=prepense,= to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See =purpense.=

=presence:= phr. in presence, present; often, in reference to ceremonial attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank, Barclay, Cyt. and Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a place prepared for ceremonial presence or attendance, a presence-chamber, ‘The two great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen. VIII, iii. 1. 17; chamber of presence, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 5, 1643.

=presently,= immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30; ii. 4. 86; BIBLE, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp. F. ‘presentement, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily, suddenly’ (Cotgr.).

=president,= a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations; Of Judicature.

=press,= press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius).

=prest,= ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. prest (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘prest, prest, ready, full-dight; prompt; quick’ (Cotgr.); now written prêt.

=Prester John,= the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130. For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit. xix. 715. See Stanford.

=prestigiatory,= relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive, delusive; ‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3.

=prestigious,= practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory; ‘That inchantresse . . . by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker, Whore of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood, Dial. 18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. praestigiosus, full of deceitful tricks; praestigium, an illusion, praestigiae, juggler’s tricks; cp. F. prestiges, ‘deceits, impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Prestige).

=pretence, pretense,= an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that in our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47; Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18.

=pretenced, pretensed,= intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 8). Late L. praetensus, for praetentus, pp. of praetendere.

=pretend,= to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who . . . his target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to put forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’, Middleton, Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. praetendere, to stretch forth.

=pretor,= one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of Honour, § 1. Med. L. praetor, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, maior, pretor’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225.

=prevent,= to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94; BIBLE, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &c. See Bible Word-Book.

=preving, preeving,= proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366. See =prieve.=

=prick,= to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; prickant, riding along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph).

=prick,= the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the white, or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called the pin, or clout. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; at the prickes, beside the butts, id., p. 98.

=prick,= the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus, Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. prick and praise, very high praise, Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and praise for a prettie wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15.

=prick-eared,= having sharply pointed, erect ears; prycke-eared, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44.

=pricket,= a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns. L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph). ME. pryket, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no. 1681).

=prickle,= a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain measure (EDD.). See NED.

=prick-me-dainty,= finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.).

=prick-song,= music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21; Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly musical than any other, was called pricksong’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’ used to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere melody.

=priefe, preife,= proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother Hubberd, 408. Priefe = F. preuve, as people (pron. peeple) = F. peuple.

=prieve,= to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. Prieve = OF. prueve (preuve); L. próbat, with the stress on the stem-syllable, whereas prove = F. prouver (OF. prover) = L. probáre.

=prig a prancer,= to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84. See Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1).

=prima-vista,= an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes identified with it. Primviste, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed. Arber, p. 33); ‘Prima . . . a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero, or Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. prima vista, ‘first seen, because he that can first show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu).

=primum mobile,= the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with it. Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s Dante Dictionary.

=princox,= a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo, i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock).

=prink,= to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, exorno’, Coles, 1699. Prinke it, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 21, p. 93.

=print:= phr. in print, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173; ‘Gallant in print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 2 (Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Print, 3).

=prise, pryse,= the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6. F. ‘prise, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.).

=privado,= a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span. privado, a favourite (Stevens); Port. privado, ‘favori, homme en faveur auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. privatus, ‘familiaris, amicus’ (Ducange).

=private,= private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech).

=prize,= a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2 (Prentices); a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. to play a prize, to engage in a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv. 2 (end); Titus Andron. i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence Prizer, one who fights in a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3. 8. F. ‘prise, a hold in wrestling; estre aux prises, to wrestle or strive with one another’ (Cotgr.).

=prize,= to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a price for, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5.

=proake,= to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke, procare’, Levins, Manip.

=proceed,= to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim).

=prochinge,= approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc. prochy-madame (Prush-madam!), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F. approchez, Madame!, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy).

=procinct,= readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 89. L. procintus, readiness for action.

=prodigious,= portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John, iii. 1. 46.

=proface,= much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman, Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. prouface, ‘souhait qui veut dire, bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); prou, advantage + fasse (L. faciat), may it do. See Nares.

=profligate,= routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. profligare, to strike down, overthrow.

=profound,= to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 13.

=prog,= to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs . . . He never rests . . . He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job xiv. 60; ‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow, Sermon, Rejoice evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2).

=progress,= the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different parts of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9; Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). Progress-block, a block for a new fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1.

=proin, proyne= (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v; Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt prune, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME. proynen (Chaucer, C. T. E. 2011). OF. poroign-, pres. pt. stem of poroindre, to trim feathers (Godefroy), L. pro + ungere, to anoint.

=proine, proyne,= to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon, Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292; Homilies 1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm. F. progner (Moisy), OF. proignier, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic type, protundiare, deriv. of L. rotundus, round. Cp. F. rogner des branches, des racines, ‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See =royne.=

=project,= to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage, ‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i. 622.

=projection,= the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon).

=proller,= a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 490.

=promont,= a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero); Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1.

=promoter,= a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter.

=prompture,= prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178.

=prone,= a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor; ‘The founder . . . used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne, Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘prone, notice given by a Priest unto his Parishioners . . . of the holy days, of Banes of Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &c.’ (Cotgr.).

=proof,= proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl., Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). Proof-arm, to put on armour of proof, Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe).

=proper,= handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54; 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, BIBLE, Heb. xi. 23 (= ‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Proper, 5).

=proper,= belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i. 1. 30; v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel).

=properties,= rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2 (Donella).

=property,= an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10; Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72.

=propice,= propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31; propise, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. propice; L. propitius.

=propriety,= peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property, Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘proprieté, a property speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.).

=prospective,= a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; glasse prospective, Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a telescope, J. Taylor (Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a scene, a view, Porter, Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. prospective, ‘the prospective or optick art; also, a bounded prospect, a limited view’ (Cotgr.).

=prostrate,= one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe, Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1.

=protense,= extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4. L. protensus, drawn out; pp. of protendere, to draw forth.

=protract,= delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex).

=provand,= food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard (Arber, p. 60). Flemish, provande, Fr. provende, Romanic type provenda for eccles. L. praebenda, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ. Antiq.).

=provant,= provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one who deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, i. 1 (Nicodemus). Hence, Provant, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality, Webster, Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil).

=provecte,= advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4, § 3. L. provectus, pp.

=providence,= foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5.

=provincial garland,= a garland given to one who had added a province to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia).

=prowest,= most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. prou, valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess).

=prune,= the fruit. Stewed prunes, often referred to as being a favourite dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 128; cp. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt proin, in proin-stone, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500).

=prune;= see =proin.=

=pry, prie,= a local name of the small-leaved lime (Tilia parvifolia). Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.^{1} 4).

=ptrow,= interj., tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3.

=Pucelle.= Joan la Pucelle, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen. VI, i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. pucelle, a maid, virgin.

=puckfist, puckfoist,= the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 5 (Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See =pouke.= A common prov. word (EDD.). The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave (s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist).

=puckle,= a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate). OE. pūcel, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of pūca; see =pouke.=

=puckling,= little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See above.

=pudder,= pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.).

=pudding-time, in,= in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD.

=pudding tobacco,= tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Laxton).

=pudency,= modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. pudentia, modesty.

=pug,= to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.^{2}).

=pug,= a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2; Westerne pugs, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London; ‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed it in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’, Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.).

=puggard,= a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).

=pugging tooth,= Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually taken as = thieving, cp. =puggard.= In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth (EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry eye-tooth (pug-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (pug) ‘the white sheet bleaching on the hedge’.

=puke,= a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du. puuc, puyck, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (A.D. 1420). Du. puyck, woollen cloth (Hexham); puik, choice, excellent (Sewel).

=puke,= the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named ‘puke’. ‘Pauonaccio cupo, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed. 1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, pers’, Palsgrave. See NED.

=pull:= in phr. to pull down a side, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your card, I shall pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Cozimo); id., Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde).

=pullen,= poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); poleyn, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.). OF. poulain, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L. pullanus, see Ducange (s.v. Pullani).

=pulpamenta,= delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7 (Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies.

=pulpatoon,= a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &c., in a crust of forced meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. pulpelón, a large slice of stuffed meat.

=pulvilio,= fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); Pulvilio-box, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence pulvil, to perfume with scented powder, Congreve, Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. polviglio, fine powder. See Stanford.

=pumey,= ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595); pumie-stone, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89.

=pun,= to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; pund, pt. t., Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound, vb.^{3}). OE. punian, to pound, beat, bray in mortar.

=puncheon,= a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L. dolones). O. Prov. ponchon, ‘poinçon’ (Levy).

=puncto;= see =punto.=

=punctual,= no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth, this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23.

=punese,= a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. punaise.

†=pung,= a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe). Not found elsewhere.

=punkateero,= a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from punk, a strumpet, in imitation of Span. mulatero, muleteer, from mulo, mule. Not found elsewhere.

=punto,= a small point; in a punto, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’, ‘Puntos and Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke or thrust with the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26; punto riverso, a back-handed thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; punto beard, a pointed beard, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span. punto, L. punctum, a point.

=purchase,= to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II, i. 3. 282. Hence, purchase, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch. Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V, iii. 2. 45; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5 (Theridamas). See Dict.

=purfle,= to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘Pourfiler, to purfle, tinsell or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave.

=purfle,= the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton).

=puritan,= used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you Will, iii. 3 (Slip).

=purlieu,= ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was by perambulation (OF. puralee) separated from the same, see Manwood, Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It, iv. 3. 77. The form purlieu (for an older purley) is probably due to popular etymology, i.e. to association with F. pur lieu, L. purus locus, a free open space; purley, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); purley-man, one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.); Pourlie man, Cowell’s Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. puralé (-lée), a going though, ‘perambulatio’ (Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See NED.

=purpense,= to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame . . . wilfully assented and purpensed the murdre, &c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F. purpenser: agwait purpensé, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of William I, § 1, 2); see Moisy. See =prepense.=

=purpose,= conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6; ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12. 16. OF. pourpos (purpos), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. propos, a purpose, design, also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.).

=purprise,= an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature). Norm. F. purprise, pourprise, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’ (Moisy); porprise (Didot); porprendre, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot). Med. L. porprisa, porprisum, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris, ant vallis conclusus’; see Ducange (s.v. Porprendere).

=purse,= to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo. Loveless).

=purse-net,= a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by a string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1 (Advocate).

=purveyance,= providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision, equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. purveyaunce, providence, also, provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey).

=push,= a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Push, sb.^{3}).

=push,= interj., pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton.

=push-pin,= a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In L. L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also called put-pin.

=pussle,= a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); ‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. pucelle, a maid.

=put,= a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874.

=put case,= suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end).

=put forth,= to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour ii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10.

=put on,= to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty compliment. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). Putting off his hat, taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7.

=put up,= to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2. 469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; put up (without a following sb.), Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Martino).

=puther,= pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 4 (Bayes); pudder, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); poother, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 234.

=put-pin,= ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 205. See =push-pin.=

=puttock,= a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191; Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, escoufle’, Palsgrave. In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v. Puttock, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. puttocke, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339, see note, no. 1647). Puttock is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley, 493. An older form for this surname was Putthawke, see Chronicles of Theberton (Suffolk), by H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748] John Puttock or Putthawke was churchwarden.’ Can puttock, the name of the bird, stand for pout-hawk, from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on which it feeds? [For pout, see NED. (s.v. Poult).]

=puzell;= see =pussle.=

=pylery hole,= the hole through which the head of the offender was thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. pillorie (Ducange, s.v. Pilorium), O. Prov. espilori, espitlori (Levy); Med. L. *spect’lorium < *spectaculorium, a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L. spectaculum).

=pyonyng;= see =pion.=

=pyromancy,= divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186); scene 2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire.

=Pythonissa,= the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’, Bacon, Essay 35. L. pythonissa, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam. xxviii), see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam consulit’); properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of divination, cp. Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens in Endor’). See =Phitonessa.=

Q

=Q,= a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I not my Q?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know their Q’s, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. quando, when; i.e. the time when.

=quab,= a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5. Low G. quabbe, a piece of fat flesh, quabbeln, to be flabby, quiver like a piece of fat or soft flesh; Du. quabbe, ‘the dewlap of a Rudder-beast hanging down under his necke’ (Hexham).

=quacking cheat,= a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat= (2).

=quadlin,= a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July fruits in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; quodling, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. querdlyng, appul, ‘duracenum’ (Prompt.).

=quadrate,= a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant . . . in mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. quadratus, squared; quadratum, a square.

=quail,= the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 57; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. cailte coiffée, ‘une femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); cailles coyphées, women (Rabelais, iv. 23); caille coiffée, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.).

=quail,= to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, je quaillebotte’, Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips, Dict., 1706. In prov. use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD. (s.v. Quail, vb.^{2}). ME. quaylyn as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre, ‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363). F. cailler, to curdle, to coagulate (Cotgr.), OF. coailler (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70); L. coagulare; cp. Ital. quagliare (coagulare, to curd or curdle (Torriano)). See =quarle.=

=quail,= to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland, Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A fig. sense of quail (to curdle), see above. Cp. Ital. quagliare (cagliare), ‘aggrumare’; per met. ‘mancar d’animo, venir meno’ (Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare).

=quail= (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 49; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 1. 243.

=quail-pipe boot,= a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E. version of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes . . . That frouncen [are wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’

=quaint,= skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 149; skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2; beautiful, elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22; dainty, fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. cointe, ‘instruit’ (Bartsch), Med. L. cognitus, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O. Prov. coinde, cointe, ‘joli, gracieux, aimable’ (Levy).

=quaisy;= see =queazy.=

=quality,= profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii. 2. 363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi).

=quar,= a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 2).

=quarelet,= a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a girl’s teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls, 32. See =quarrel.=

=quarle,= a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2).

=quarle,= to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See =quar=(=r= (2).

=quar=(=r,= a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1).

=quar=(=r,= to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use in Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See =quarle.=

=quarrel,= a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window; ‘A quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed. Arber, p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio). ‘Quarrel’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of glass, esp. a diamond-shaped pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1}), and NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1} 3).

=quarron,= the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); Quaromes, a body, Harman, Caveat, p. 82. The same word as carrion, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED.

=quart,= quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. quartus, fourth.

=quart d’écu;= see =cardecu.=

=quartile,= a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of two planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, chap. xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500.

=quass,= to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low G. quasen, quassen, to devour, swallow (Lübben).

=quat,= a pimple; fig. applied contemptuously to a young person. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’, meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants. (EDD.).

=quat,= to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3).

=quat,= the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31).

=quaternion,= a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid); Milton, P. L. v. 181; BIBLE, Acts xii. 4. L. quaternio (Vulgate).

=quayd,= quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See =accoy.=

=queach,= a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam. i. 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s English Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; queachie, bushy, Golding, Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. queche, a dense growth of bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540).

=queachy,= swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv. 65; xvii. 384; quechy, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190). ‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.^{1} 1).

=queam;= see =queme.=

=queat,= ‘quiet’; ‘Be queat’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 73; bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See =unqueat.=

=queave,= to palpitate; ‘I left him queaving and quick’ (i.e. palpitating and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19 (ed. Arber, p. 223); ‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave).

=queazy,= squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian, 16; spelt quaisie, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); queasie, unsettling the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44); ‘Quaisy as meate or drinke is, dangereux’, Palsgrave.

†=quebas,= the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere.

=queching;= see =quetch.=

†=quecke,= a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a quecke, I may fortune to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 8. Not found elsewhere.

=queest;= see =woodquist.=

=queint,= pp. quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals . . . that be quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. queynt (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2321), pp. of quenche, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 846). See Dict.

=quellio,= a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); quellio ruff, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Luke). Span. cuello, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. collum, neck.

=quelquechose,= a delicacy; the same word as kickshaws. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘Fricandeaux, short, skinless, and dainty puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped together, then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &c., and so boiled’, Cotgrave. F. quelque chose, something. See Dict. (s.v. Kickshaws).

=queme,= to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; queam, pleasure, Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. queme, to please (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); queme, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor M. 1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. cwēman, gecwēman, to please.

=quent;= see =queint.=

=quere,= the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22; bk. xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. quere, queer (Wyclif, Ps. lii. 1; cl. 4). Norm. F. quers, nom.; cuer, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Choir).

†=querke:= phr. to have the querke of the sea (?), Harrison, Desc. of England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310).

=querpo:= phr. in querpo, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. 2; cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. en cuerpo, lit. ‘in the body’; hence, half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See =cuerpo.=

=querre, at the,= (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘Sir Francis. My hawk killed too. Sir Charles. Ay, but ’twas at the querre, Not at the mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp. Low G. vor queer, across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer).

=querry,= an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Marine); ‘Querries, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s Stables; and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See Dict. (s.v. Equerry).

=quest,= to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the sight of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of seeking for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the quarry; see EDD. F. quester, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that seeth, or findeth of his game’ (Cotgr.).

=quest,= an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry. Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See Dict. (s.v. Inquest).

=quest-house,= the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish were commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet).

=questmongers,= men who made a business of conducting inquiries, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. questmongeres (P. Plowman, B. xix. 367).

=questuary,= profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 1 (Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L. quaestuarius, relating to gain; quaestus, gain.

=quetch, quitch,= to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’, Palsgrave; ‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39; ‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They dare not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. quytchyn, ‘moveo’ (Prompt.); OE. cweccan, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39).

=quibible,= (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time . . . to pype in a quibyble’, Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389.

=quiblin,= a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 or 2) (Security); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v. Quibble).

=quich;= see =quetch.=

=quiddit,= a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood, The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3.

=quiddle,= to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your bussing base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 81. In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense of acting in a fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle, vb.^{1}).

=quight;= see =quite.=

=quile;= see =quoil=(=e==.=

=quillet,= a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 16.

=quillity,= a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp. Ital. quilità, quillità, ‘a quillity’ (Florio).

=quinch,= to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State of Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). Not a quinch, not a start, not a jot, ‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 28.

=quintell;= ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages, when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’, Minsheu, Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; quintil, Quarles, Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.).

=quip,= to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm, Greene, Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 206).

=quire,= a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See =quere.=

†=quirily,= quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not found elsewhere.

=quit,= to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont and Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See =quite.=

=quitch;= see =quetch.=

=quite, quight,= to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay, requite, id., i. 10. 67; quite, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10. 15, 37. ME. quyte, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S. Med. L. quietare, quitare, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; quietus, quitus, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange).

=quite-claim,= to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14.

=quittance,= to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2).

=quitter-bone,= an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘Sete, the quitter-bone; a round and hard swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a horse’s foot’, (Cotgrave).

=quitture,= a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. quytere (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); whytowre (Prompt.). Anglo-F. quyture (Bozon), OF. cuiture, smarting, matter from a boil; cuire, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &c.; L. coquere.

=quiver,= active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 18; quiverly, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop. Cerem. (NED.). OE. cwiferlīce, actively.

=quoil=(=e,= a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed. 1860, p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; quile, Lord Cromwell, i. 1. 7. See NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.^{2}).

=quondam,= once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an office, one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man a quondam as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &c, Latimer, 4 Sermon bef. King, ed. Arber, p. 108. L. quondam, formerly.

=quook,= quaked; pt. t. of quake. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME. quok, quaked (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1576); but the regular pt. t. is quaked(e (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 246); OE. cwacode, pt. t. of cwacian.

=quote,= to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius).

=quoth, quoathe,= to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding, Metam. v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See =coath.=

=quot-quean,= see =cot-quean.=

=quoying,= ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe quoyings . . . they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See =coy.=

R

=rabate, rabbate,= to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’, Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310); rabbate, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘rabatre, to abate, remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See =rebate= (2).

=rabbit-sucker,= a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas).

=rabbling,= disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED.

=rablement,= a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8.

=race,= to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back, 1; bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk. vii, c. 17; to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is raced’, Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.^{3}).

=rache;= see =ratch.=

=rack,= a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab). In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).

=rack,= a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii. 1. 4; Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33.

=rack,= to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer, racking with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed. Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. rakka, to go quickly, to run hither and thither (Rietz).

=rack and manger, at,= with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance, in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to live with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rack, sb.^{5} 16 (2)).

=rad,= agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was rad’, Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of rede, to take counsel together. See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1} 5). See =rede.=

=raft,= reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v. Reave, vb.^{1}).

=ragman-roll,= a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase out of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. rolle of ragman, a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; rageman, the name of a game of chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the various items contained in it, one of which the player selected or ‘drew’ at random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note by G. C. Macaulay; rageman, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I), appointing justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done within 25 years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2).

=ragmans rew,= a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe . . . So do we call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, series’, Levins, Manip.

=rahate,= ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34.

=raile, rayle,= to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8. 37; Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74.

=railed,= fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. reiller; L. regulare, to put in order.

=rain, rean,= a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt raine, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 13. 7; rayne, id., 7. 20; reane, id., 21. 15. In general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. rein, a narrow strip of land, esp. one left unploughed between fields.

=raine, rayne,= realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28; id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign).

=rakehell,= a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘Vaultneant, pendart, pendereau, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’, Nomenclator, 1585 (Nares); ‘Pendard, a rake-hell, crack-rope, gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave.

=rakel,= impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, insolens’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. rakel, rash, hasty (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437).

=ramage,= said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii (NED.); Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F. ramage, ‘sauvage, farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, ramaticum, deriv. of L. ramus, a branch.

=ramp,= a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song).

=ramp,= to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. rampe: ‘A litel Serpent . . . Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. ramper, ‘to creep, crawl’ (Cotgr.).

=ramp,= to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. rampe; ‘He goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. ramper; ‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See =raump.=

=rampallian,= a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands, Greenes Ghost (NED.).

=rampier,= a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165). Hence, rampired, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict.

=rampion,= a species of bell-flower, Campanula Rapunculus. Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. raiponce, ‘rampions’ (Cotgr.). The s of rampions has been taken for the plural s, and accordingly dropped.

=ranch,= to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and severely (EDD.).

=rand,= a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘Giste de bœuf, a rand of beef, a longe and fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’ (Cotgrave). Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.^{1} 6).

=randon:= in phr. at randon, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 7; Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. randon, force, impetuosity, the swiftness of a violent stream; hence F. aller à grand randon, ‘to go very fast’ (Cotgr.). See =raundon.=

=randon,= to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii. chorus, 2. F. ‘randonner, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H. Estienne, Précellence, 187.

=rangle,= to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36; Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase ‘a rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.^{2} 2).

=rank,= strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In Cheshire a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are numerous and angry (EDD.). ME. rank, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE. ranc, renders the Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18).

=ranpick,= partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205; Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw. ‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.).

=rap,= to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline, i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation from =rapt= (1).

=rap and rend,= to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire. Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; rappe and rende, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. rape and renne (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.^{3} (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v. Rap, 2).

=rapt,= caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23; affected with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 6. L. raptus, seized, snatched.

=rapt,= to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii. 96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84; Sylvester, Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see above.

=rapture,= the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being carried onward, ‘Our Ship . . . ’gainst a Rocke . . . her keele did dash With headlong rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of carrying off a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151).

=rare,= early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still in prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.^{2}. See =rear.=

=rascal,= a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile, Hunting, c. 28; p. 73. See Nares.

=rash,= to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with violence. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{2} 1).

=rash,= to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{3}).

=ratch,= a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still in use in the north country, see EDD. sb.^{4}. ME. ratche, hownde, odorinsecus’ (Prompt.). OE. ræce (B. T.); related to Icel. rakki, a dog.

=ratches,= a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. nimbi).

=rathe,= early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy, 8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born in the earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; rathe, soon, id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). ME. rathe, early, soon; rather, sooner, more willingly (Chaucer). OE. hræð, quick, hraðe, quickly.

=raught,= reached; pt. t. and pp. of to reach. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41; Hen. V, iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Reach, vb.^{1} 3).

=raump,= to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170. 30; bk. ix, c. 1. See =ramp= (3).

=raundon,= force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur, leaf 55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See =randon.=

=raven:= in phr. raven’s bone, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the brisket of a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). Also called raven’s morsel, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129.

=ravin,= to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i. 2. 133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; BIBLE, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin; ‘Rapinare, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); raven, to have a ravenous appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant, iv. 2; ravine, prey, booty, ‘The Lion . . . filled his holes with pray, and his dens with ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, rapina); ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’, All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Raven, 2).

=ray,= ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array, line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array).

=ray,= to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. For araye; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, j’emboue’, Palsgrave. ‘Ray’ is still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the proverb, ‘It’s an ill bird that rays its own nest.’

=ray, cloth of,= a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p. 390, col. 2). Cp. F. raie, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. rega, ‘sillon’ (Levy); Med. L. riga, a stripe, rigatus, striped (Ducange). See =rockray.=

=rayon,= a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7. F. rayon, a ray.

=raze,= to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279 (NED.).

=read;= see =rede.=

=reading,= advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See =rede.=

=ready:= in phr. to make ready, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself half ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella); ‘She must do nothing of herself, not eat . . . make her ready, unready, Unless he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See =unready.=

=reaks, reeks,= pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown); Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘Faire le Diable de Vauvert, to play monstrous reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is most bent to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731 (Jamieson). ‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or prank. See =rex.=

=re-allie,= to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23.

=realm,= region; pron. like ream (of paper), and quibbled upon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore).

=reame,= a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel, Civil Wars, i. 82; reme, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME. reame (P. Plowman, A. v. 146); reme (Chaucer), Anglo-F. realme (Rough List); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme).

=reaming,= stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick, Widdowes Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 6 (2)).

=rear,= early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish pronunciation of rare. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See =rare.=

=rear,= insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. hrēr, half-cooked, underdone (Sweet).

=reare,= to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 6. Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285.

=reasty,= rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and strong-tasting through bad curing. Reastie, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 2. OF. resté, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth, in T. Wright’s Vocab., 155: chars restez = E. resty flees (i.e. reasty flesh). Reasty is still in general prov. use in England (EDD.).

=rebate,= to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90, col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. rabatre (Cotgr.).

=rebate,= to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1 (King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502. See =rabate.=

=rebato, rabato,= a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873, i. 186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘Porte-fraise, a Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). Rebato-wire, a wire for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A Woman killed, v. 2. 8. F. rabat, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also, a falling band’ (Cotgr.).

=rebeck,= an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. rebec, also rebeb (Levy). See Dict.

=rebeck,= to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles).

=rebelling,= a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). Span. rebellin, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See Dict.

=reboil,= to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10; reboyled, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209). F. ‘rebouiller, to boil once more; rebouillonner, to bubble’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. rebullire, ‘recandescere’ (Ducange).

=receit,= a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413; recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. recet, place of resort (Rough List); O. Prov. recet, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L. receptum (Ducange). See =recheat.=

=rechate,= the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory, Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF. rachater (racheter); L. re + Med. L. accaptare (Ducange); see NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.).

=recheat,= the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the hounds together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37. Anglo-F. and OF. (Picard), rechet, a retreat, hence, a note of retreat; O. Prov. recet, ‘retraite’ (Levy). See =receit.=

=recheles,= reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. reccelēas. See =retchless.=

=rechlessness,= carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt wretchlessness). ME. recchelesnesse (Chaucer, C. T. I. 611).

=reclaim,= to call back; reclayme, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame, Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘reclame, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling, whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.).

=record,= to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = =recorder= (see below), Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142.

=recorder,= a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares.

=recoure,= to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure, I get agayne’, Palsgrave.

=recoyle;= see =recule.=

=recrayed,= recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. recreire, ‘se dédire’ (Moisy); O. Prov. se recreire, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med. L. recredere, to surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange).

=recreance,= Letters of Recreance, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland to Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F. ‘Lettres de récréance, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince envoie à son Ambassadeur, pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel il le rappelle; soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur, afin qu’il les rende à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762; ‘Recreance, a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov. recrezensa, ‘désistement’ (Levy).

=recule,= to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule, I go back, je recule’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 108; recoyle, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; recuile, id., vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil).

†=recullisance,= a corrupt form of recognisance. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 4 (Shortyard). See =cullisen.=

=recure,= to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9. 2; 10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60; Sackville, Induction, st. 49. Hence, recureless, without recovery, not to be recovered from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable; Greene, James IV, ii. 2 (987; Nano).

=recuyell,= a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the title of Caxton’s book); spelt recule, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1187. Also, a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’, Caxton, Eneydos, xviii. 66. F. ‘recueil, a collection, also, a reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.); ‘recueil, accueil’ (Estienne).

=red.= Red lattice, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an ale-house. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28.

=rede, read,= to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114; to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time, 633; id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. rede, counsel, advice. Hamlet, i. 3. 51. ME. rede, to advise; reed, rede, advice (Chaucer); OE. rǣdan; rǣd (Sweet). See =rad.=

=redintegrate,= restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 42). L. redintegratus.

=Red-shanks,= a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs reddened by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland (Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph. Clinker (Davies).]

=redub, redoub,= to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of Virgil, bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47. Anglo-F. redubber, F. ‘radouber, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.).

=reduce,= to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol); Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2. 63; Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. reducere.

=reek,= a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden, Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. hrēac, a hayrick.

=reeke,= seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. algae). ME. wreke, of the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. reki (vreki), seaweed drifted ashore.

=reere,= a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l. 1 (1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii (NED. s.v. Rear). ME. rere, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See NED. (s.v. Reere).

=reez’d,= rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112. ME. reest, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed).

=refel, refell,= to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Alex.). L. refellere.

=reflect,= to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. reflectere (Cicero).

=refocillation,= a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen. B.). L. refocillare, to warm into life again; often used in the Vulgate for the reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et refocillatus est’, 1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12).

=reformado,= a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command (owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. reformado, an officer on half-pay; from reformar, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge, disband (cp. Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford.

=refuse me,= may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 7, col. 2 (Flamineo).

=regals,= pl., a small portable organ with one or two sets of reed-pipes played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F. regales, ‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy).

=regalo,= a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their Salsicce only, which are a Regalo for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed. 1698, p. 101); spelt (wrongly) regalio, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil., 12. Span. ‘regálo, a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment; regalar, to make much of, to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford.

=regiment,= rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. regiment (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245, 1702). Anglo-F. regiment (Gower, Mirour, 2615).

=regorge,= to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186.

=regrater, regrator,= a retailer, retail dealer. Regrators, pl., North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261); regrators of bread-corn, Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME. regratere (P. Plowman, C. iv. 82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F. regratier and regratour (Rough List). Med. L. regratarius and regratator (Ducange).

=reguerdon,= requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. reguerdoun (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii. 2716). Anglo-F. reguerdon, reward, reguerdoner, to reward (Gower, Balades, xii. 2; xxiii. 3).

=relate,= to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51.

=relent,= to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F. ‘ralentir, to slacken’ (Cotgr.).

=relent,= to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser, Husbandry, 63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’, Hawes, Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, relentment, dissolution, Sir T. Browne, Urn Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. se relenter, to dissolve, melt (Gower, Mirour, 6603).

=relide;= see =rely.=

=relief, releef,= a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe . . . your reliefe is your sweetest note . . . when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief, sb.^{2} 7c).

=reliv’d,= recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii. 8. 3; relyv’d, id., iii. 4. 35.

=reluce, reluse,= to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12; reluysing, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘reluire, to shine . . . reluisant, shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.).

=rely,= to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered his troopes, . . . he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War, 50 (NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed, Scot. Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell relide’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. rely, to assemble, rally soldiers (Barbour, Bruce, iii. 34). F. relier, to bind; L. religare.

=reme,= to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart, Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25. ‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 2), cites from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e. I’ll open my heart to thee). ME. ryme, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931); OE. rȳman, to make clear space, enlarge; rūm, space.

=reme;= see =reame.=

=remember,= to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269; reflex., to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286; Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 27.

=remembrance,= memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance from the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; to put in remembrance, to remind, BIBLE, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12.

=remerce,= to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin we remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. amerce, to fine.

=remercy,= to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. remercier, to thank.

=remonstrance,= a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of this battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2 (Flaviano). F. ‘remonstrer, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’, (Cotgr.); O. Prov. remostrar, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy).

=remora,= the sucking-fish, Echeneis remora. Spenser, Vis. of World’s Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. remora, delay; the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course by cleaving to it.

=remord,= to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME. remorde, to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491). Anglo-F. remordre, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour, 386, 6679, 10397).

=remorse,= sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch. Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius); Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing, Skelton, Knowledge, 29; without remorse, without intermission, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of voice’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98.

=rendy,= a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’, Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. rendez-vous, a subst. use of rendez-vous, the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of se rendre, to present oneself (at a certain place).

=reneague,= to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to make denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the west country (EDD.).

=renfierst,= made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45.

=renforst,= pt. t. reinforced himself, gathered his strength together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48.

=renge,= a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29; ‘Renge, ranc’, Palsgrave.

=renge,= to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge, or set in array, je arrengie’, Palsgrave.

=renowme,= ‘renown’. BIBLE, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great renowme, Illustris vir’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186; renowmed, ‘renowned’, BIBLE, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard III, i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘Renommé, renowmed, famous, of much note’, Cotgrave.

=rense,= to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the pronunc. of ‘rinse’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench). See Dict.

=rent,= to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168; ‘I rent, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave.

=renverst,= turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37. F. renverser, to reverse.

=reny,= to deny, refuse. Renide (for renied), Mirror for Mag., Guidericus, st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. renier, to deny.

=repeat,= to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic Love, iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. repetere, to seek again.

=repent,= penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.); p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34 (ed. Dyce, p. 295).

=reprie, reprive,= to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede me to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to . . . my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp., repryed, cp. Anglo-F. repris, pp. of reprendre, to take back.

=repriefe,= reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. repreve, reproof (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2413). See =priefe.=

=reprieve,= to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I repreve one, je reprouve’, Palsgrave. ME. repreve (Chaucer, C. T. H. 70); reprevyn, ‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.).

=reprise, reprize,= reprisal, the act of taking something by way of retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. reprise, a getting something back again.

=requile,= to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671.

=require,= to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to ask as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159); The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; BIBLE, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L. requirere. See Bible Word-Book.

=rescous,= rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.); Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt rescousse, Caxton, Jason, 39 b (NED.). ME. rescous, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2643); OF. rescousse, ‘l’action de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’) (Didot). See Dict. M. and S.

=rescussing,= a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end).

=resent,= to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221. See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10).

=resiance,= a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below.

=resiant;= ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here resiant in Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); resyants, pl., Oxford Records, Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. reseant, ‘habitant’ (Moisy), L. residentem, pres. pt. of residere, to sit down, to reside.

=residence,= that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut).

=resipiscency,= a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. resipiscentia.

=resolute,= decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute answer’, Massinger, Picture, iv. 1.

=resolution,= certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1.

=resolve,= to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free from uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy, Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous).

=respasses,= raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame, 20. For resp-es-es, rasp-es-es, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares.

=respective,= careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven. v. 1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; respectively, respectfully, with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five Gallants, ii. 1.

=resplendish,= to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3. OF. resplendir. See Croft’s note.

=rest,= a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the musket-rest was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.).

=rest,= ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had duly won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; fig., ‘When I cannot live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17 (Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. to set up one’s rest, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence, fig., to take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up my rest to run away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest to do more exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Alvarez); to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set up his rest in this plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys, Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See Nares.

=rest,= to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm); ‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, je arreste’, Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.^{2} 3).

=rest,= a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &c. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 137; wrest, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492.

=rest-balk,= a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4.

=resty,= inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263; Cymbeline, iii. 6. 34; resty stiff, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same word as ‘restive’ (‘restiff’). Anglo-F. restif (Ch. Rol., 1256). See Trench, Select Glossary; and Dict. (s.v. Restive).

=retchless,= reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, Induction, st. 46. See =recheles.=

=retire,= a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21; withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27.

=retrait, retrate,= picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. retrato, a portrait, Ital. ritratto.

=retray,= reflex, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf 115, back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. retraire, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ (Cotgr.); L. retrahere.

=retrieve:= phr. to bring to the retrieve, to make the hawk return to the lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).

=revault;= see =revolt.=

=reverb,= to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. reverberare, to reverberate.

=reverberate,= to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=reverence:= in phr. save reverence, used apologetically in introducing some remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; ‘Be it spoken with save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. Ajax (NED.). Also, saving reverence, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is the divell himselfe’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. Save-reverence).

=revoke,= to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517).

=revolt,= to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt revault, to withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip); revolt, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, deserter, King John, v. 2. 151. See NED.

=rew,= a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. The pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME. rewe (Chaucer), OE. rǣw (Sweet).

=rex:= phr. to play rex, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, to play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. rex, king; due to a popular etymology); ‘To play such Rex’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules play rex’ (i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 47. See =reaks.=

=rheumatic,= suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum. Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice Valour, ii. 1 (Lady).

=rhino,= money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).

=rhinocerical,= resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term, of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). See NED.

=riband.= A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He that bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was the Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza). Ribanded ears, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167.

=ribaudrie,= ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, ribaudred, profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. ribaudrie (P. Plowman, C. i. 45). Anglo-F. ribaudrie (Rough List).

=ribibe,= an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); rybybe, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson took this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. D. 1377).

=ribskin,= a leathern apron worn during the process of ribbing or scraping flax. Spelt rybskyn, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299.

=rid,= to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon, Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); to rid way, to get over the ground, move ahead, ‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up underwood, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.^{2} 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. Icel. ryðja, to clear land, Dan. rydde. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2).

=rid,= to set free, deliver, save. BIBLE, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; Ps. lxxi (Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth a persone’, Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. hreddan, to deliver, cp. Dan. redde, G. retten. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1).

=rid,= to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1}). See =rede.=

=ridduck,= a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward), Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See =ruddock= (2).

=ride,= to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).

=rider,= a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse, worth about 27_s._ Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. een goude ryder, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on horseback’ (Sewel).

=ridgel,= a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word in Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term of abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’.

=ridstall-man,= a man whose business is to clear out or clean cattle-stalls. Greene, James IV, first stage-direction.

=rifely,= abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ is still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. ‘rijf, rife, or abundant; rijfelick, rifely, or abundantly’ (Hexham).

=riffle,= to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See Dict.

=rifle,= to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence rifling, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph Wright). Du. ‘rijffelen, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the Dice’ (Hexham).

=rig,= to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth unsaciably to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’, Gosson, Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54).

=rigell;= see =ridgel.=

=rin,= to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form (EDD.). ME. ryn, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); rynnand, running (Barbour’s Bruce, iii. 684).

=rine,= ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset (Barnes’ Poems), see EDD.

=ring:= in phr. cracked within the ring; See =crack= (3).

=ring.= Running at the ring, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also riding at the ring, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

=ringled,= provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, ii. 143.

=ringman,= the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. ryngeman fyngur, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. 243), Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The ring (i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger).

=ringo-root,= an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112.

=ringtail,= the female of the hen-harrier. Used fig. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED.

=rippier, ripper,= an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED.

=rish,= a rush. Spelt rishe, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); pl. rishes, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. 7A. ‘Rish’ is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in Yorks., Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush, sb.^{1} (10)). OE. risc (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503).

=risp,= a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam. xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘Boschetto, a grove . . . a rispe, a lushe or lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD.

=risse,= pt. t. and pp. of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. rison), B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. risen), id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of risse for the pt. s. occurs in Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and occasionally elsewhere. ‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD.

=ritter,= a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy). G. Ritter, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’.

=rittlerattle,= a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 (1603); Latin text, Sistraque. See NED.

=rivage,= shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. F. rivage.

=rive,= to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 29; to be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict.

=rive= [riv], for riven, pp. of rive, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 5 (riming with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. Anglia (EDD.).

=rivelled,= wrinkled; spelt ryvilde, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. 1883, 54), ‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, gathered in small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 (Dido). In prov. use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. riveled, wrinkled (Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. rifelede, ‘rugosus’ (Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78).

=rivo!,= an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘Rivo, sayes the drunkard’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In Portuguese ships they use the cry Arriba! Arriba!, ‘Up! Up!’, for summoning sailors to their work. See Stanford.

=road,= a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador).

=roarer;= the same as =roaring boy,= q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3 (Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 102.

=roaring,= the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, i. 3 (Spencer).

=roaring boys,= a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers whose delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Castruccio). There was but one roaring girl, viz. Mary Frith, or Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring Girl.

=Roaring-Meg.= ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest Canons in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, p. 195); Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable.

=roat;= See =rote= (2).

=rochet,= a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino); Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104.

=rochet,= the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye, lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘rochet, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ (Cotgr.). OF. rochet, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot).

=rock,= a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. rokkr.

=rocket,= a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. roquet, ‘rochet, surplis’ (Levy); Norm. F. roquet, manteau court (Moisy).

=rocket,= a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See =rochet= (2).

=rockray,= a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 20 from end. Ray = F. raie, Med. L. riga (Ducange).

=Roger,= a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, Tib of the buttery is given as another cant name for the goose. See Halliwell.

=roile, royle,= an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 76; ‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene (ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, ch. 17 (ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The Flemish roile’, Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.).

=roile,= to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Tibet); Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, divagari’, Levins, Manip.; Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. roile, to roam about (Chaucer, C.T. D. 653, Lansd. MS.); roylyn or gone ydyl abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ (Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. x. 297, p. 94.

=roister, royster,= a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen and suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘Rustre, a royster, swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Roistering).

=roisting,= the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 208.

=roke,= to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3).

=rom,= good, phr. rom bouse, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). See =Rom-vile.=

=romage,= bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6).

=rombelow=(=e,= a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252; ‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. rumbeloo (Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow).

=romekin,= some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’, Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. roemer, a wine-glass (Sewel). See NED. (s.v. Rumkin^{1}).

=Rom-vile,= a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Rom, i.e. good, refers to Rommany, gipsy; vile = F. ville, town. See =rom.=

=rondure, roundure,= a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8. F. rondeur, roundness (Cotgr.).

=ront,= a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 5. Du. rund, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham).

=ronyon;= see =runnion.=

=roodes.= In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the sense of ‘crosses’, vexations.

=rook,= reflex, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the chimney’s top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. Rook, vb.^{3}). ME. rouken (Chaucer). See =rucke.=

=room,= widely. Roomer, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on Bishops (Nares). OE. rūme, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.).

=roome mort, rome mort,= a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘Rome mort, the quene’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. Rome, excellent (in Rommany); See =mort= (2).

=rope:= in phr. to run upon the ropes, to act the part of a rope-dancer, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 41.

=roperipe,= ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry, § 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; see Nares.

=ropery,= knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); cp. roper, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); rope-tricks, knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112.

=rosa solis,= i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously flavoured with spices; ‘Run for some Rosa-solis’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; Middleton, Blurt, iii. 3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called Rosa-Solis, whereof they make Strong Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See Stanford.

=rosaker,= alteration of rosalger, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. rosalgár, ‘réalgar, sulfure d’arsenic’ (Roquette); Span. rejalgar; ‘le terme signifie propremont poudre de caverne, et je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, parce qu’on le tirait des mines d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332.

=rose.= The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, and had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head; see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk).

=rose,= a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug).

=rose-noble,= a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying value; sometimes worth 16_s_. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain).

=roset,= roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. purpureum); vii. 26 (L. roseis).

=rosiall,= rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. 1531). [I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem called the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the Courte of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. 1532.]

=rosiere,= a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. rosier (Cotgr.); L. rosarium; from rosa, a rose.

=ros-marine,= rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson, Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. rosmarinum, rosemary, lit. marine dew (Pliny). F. rosmarin, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 (s.v. Ros marinus).

=rost:= in phr. to rule the rost, to be absolute in authority, to domineer. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See =rule the roast.=

=rote,= a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME. rote, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. rote (Didot), O. Prov. rota, ‘rote, instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. rota (Schade); probably of Celtic origin, cp. O. Irish crot, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish cruit (Dinneen), whence ME. croude (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict.

=rote, roat,= to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . . each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath.

=rother,= a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. rother (Gower, C. A. ii. 2494); OE. rōðer, a steering-paddle.

=rouke,= to squat, crouch, used fig.; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See =rucke.=

=rouncival, rownseval,= huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt rounceval, a woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii (Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See =runcival pease.=

=round,= to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. rownen (Chaucer, C. T. D. 241); OE. rūnian.

=round,= a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by two or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot).

=round:= phr. gentlemen of the round, soldiers whose business it was to go round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end).

=round,= plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain); Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192.

=roundly,= readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off roundly’ (i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 (Latrocinio); in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 59). Still in prov. use (EDD.).

=rous,= with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes). ‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless s), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a crash’, is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).

=rouse,= a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking bout, Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. ruus, a headache from drinking (Aasen); Dan. rus, intoxication: sove rusen ud, to sleep out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. roes: ‘eenen roes drinken, to drink till one is fuddled; hy heeft eenen roes weg, he is fuddled’ (Sewel).

=rout,= a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the company is called an heard, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, or a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. route, ‘troupe’ (Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route).

=rout,= to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S.

=rove,= to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at random, and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, Albion’s England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me with glauncing eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without fixed aim, ‘Manie bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. (NED.); a rovynge marke, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; rovers, arrows used for this kind of shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Masque 2 (Cupid); to shoot at rovers, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows are but shot at rovers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ (i.e. at random), Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14.

=rowel,= to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the centre, into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind of seton; ‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iii. 2 (Young Loveless).

=rowen,= the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish; the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst. Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); rowen grass, Holland, Pliny, xviii. 28; rowen hay, id., rowen partridge, a partridge frequenting a field of ‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also rowen, ‘As for the partridges . . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to wait’, id., 219. The word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from Linc. and Worc. to Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. raweyne hey, ‘fenum serotinum’ (Prompt.); rewayn (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, Surtees, 170). Norm.F. *rewain (mod. Picard rouain) = F. regain; gaïn = Romanic type guadīmen, wadīmen, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. weida, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), p. 371.

=royal,= a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not expressly mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. 67; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28.

=royne,= to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure with rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A north-country word (EDD.). See NED.

=royne,= to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. Flectere iussa). OF. roignier, to cut so as to round off. See =proine= (to prune).

=roynish,= scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘rongneux, scurvie, mangy’; ‘rongne, the mange’ (Cotgr.); mod. F. rogne, rogneux.

=rub,= in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to rob; ‘Piller, to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave.

=ruck,= a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. Drayton, Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat. Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. rukhkh. See Stanford (s.v. Roc).

=ruck,= to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. ructare. See NED.

=rucke,= to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’, Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.^{5}). ME. rukkyn (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See =rook, rouke.=

=ruddock,= the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, iv. 2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. ruddok (Prompt), OE. rudduc.

=ruddock,= a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal, ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares.

=rudesby,= an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; fol. 64, back (1603).

=ruelle,= the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Wildair). ME. ruel (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘ruelle: la ruelle du lict, the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.).

=ruffe,= ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. Triomphe); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at Cards, Charta dominatrix’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. ronfa, a card-game (Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of trionfo; F. ‘triomphe, a Trump at cards’ (Cotgr.).

=ruffe,= the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam. xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94).

=ruffin,= the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389).

=ruffin,= a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. 291; as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 34.

=ruffler,= one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.

=ruffmans,= a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =darkmans.=

=ruffpeck,= bacon (Cant). ‘Ruff peck, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; ‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=rug-gown,= a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen; hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by astrologers, ‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing but to . . . make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. 2 (Sordido); Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho).

=rule,= course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. ME. rule, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34).

=rule,= disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! Quid turbae est!’, W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make the rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a reul’s here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). ‘Reul’ (or ‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to behave in a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word ‘roil’, to be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.^{2} 1).

=rule the roast,= to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am a very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).

=ruless,= rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431.

=ruly,= orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, ch. 40, st. 20.

=rumbelo,= rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See =rombelow=(=e==.=

†=rumming= (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 (L. torrentis aquae).

=run at the ring;= See =ring= (2).

=runcival pease,= runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, Husbandry, § 41. 9. See =rouncival.=

=rundle,= applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence rundled, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 239.

=runnion= (=ronyon=), an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, i. 3. 6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195.

=rush-buckler,= a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82).

=rushes,= with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1.

=russeting,= a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker). See Dict. (s.v. Russet).

=russet-pated;= ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21.

=rutter,= a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, borne in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe, Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. ruiter, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp. O. Prov. rotier, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; rota, a band of men, a troop (Appel); Med. L. rupta ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. Rumpere, p. 237, col. 3).

=ruttock,= a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; rottocke, id., Diogenes, § 116.

=rutty,= full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12.

=rye-strew,= a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon. Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203.

S

=sack,= a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 516).

=sackage, saccage,= the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; to saccage, to sack or plunder, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. saccager, to sack, ransack, pillage (Cotgr.).

=sackful,= given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag., Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601.

=sackless,= guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. Dyce, p. 299); sakeles, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. sakless, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 175). OE. saclēas, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, Lind.).

=sacrament,= an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. sacramentum, the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn engagement.

=sacring-bell,= the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. sacre, to consecrate the elements in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, Je sacre’, Palsgrave. ME. sacryn or halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.).

=sad,= settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; ‘Settled in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. 541; grave, serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of attire), F. Q. i. 10. 7. ME. sad or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ (Prompt.).

=sadness,= seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. sadnesse in poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.).

=safe,= to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; saft, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444.

=safeguard,= an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when riding; ‘Enter Moll, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine). Formerly in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced ‘seggard’; see (EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares.

=saffo,= a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8 (1 Avoc). Ital. ‘zaffo (saffo), a common serjeant or base catch-pole, specially in Venice’ (Florio).

=sag=(=g,= to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; fig. (of the mind), ‘The minde I sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; sagge, hanging or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.^{2}). ME. saggyn (Prompt.).

=sagg,= to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. sagga, to walk heavily and slowly from weariness (Ross).

=saine,= pr. pl., they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. seien, pr. pl. P. Plowman).

=saint,= a card-game; see =cent.=

=Saint Nicholas’ clerk,= a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas).

=Saint Thomas à Waterings,= a place anciently used for executions for the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated at the second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the first place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden . . . Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors areste’, Chaucer, C. T. A. 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn . . . come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And so go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See Nares (s.v. Waterings).

=saker,= a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This word for a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 338.

=sale,= a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD. (s.v. Seal, sb.^{3}). OE. sealh, a willow.

=sale,= a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713); The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. salle (sale), a hall (Cotgr.).

=saliant,= sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio). From the heraldic use, as ‘lion saliant’. Anglo-F. saillant, pres. pt. of sailler, to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469).

=saliaunce,= assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. assaillir, to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); saillir (Wace, Rom. de Rou, 2595).

=sallet,= a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed. Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to sallet, a form of salad; as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. salada, sorte de casque (Levy), F. salade, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), Ital. celata, ‘a morion, a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares.

=Salmon, Salomon,= the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon, a alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.).

=salpa,= a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. salpa (Pliny).

=salt.= A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long table, to divide the company according to their social rank; those of inferior distinction being placed below the salt. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Above the salt, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1 (Steward).

=salt,= a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil (Lodovico), ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). L. saltus, a leap.

=saltimbanco,= a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. i, c. 3, § 11; saltinbancho, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. saltimbanco, a mountebank; from saltare in banco, to mount upon a bench; ‘Salta in banco, as Monta in banco; montáre in bánco, to play the mountebank’ (Florio). Span. ‘Sálta en banco, a mountebank’ (Stevens). See Stanford.

=salue,= to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; salew, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. salue, salewe (Chaucer); F. saluer; L. salutare.

=saluë, salvee,= some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees ten’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives a quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20 Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc. Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588).

=salvage,= savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. salvatge, ‘qui vit dans les bois, sauvage, farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. salvaticus (Ducange); cp. Ital. salvático; L. silvaticus (Pliny).

=salvatory,= a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv. 2 (Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’, Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘Salvatory, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves, Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. salvalorium is given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) vivarium piscium, (2) monasterium, ‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus salvatur seu servatur’.

=salvee;= see =saluë.=

=sam,= together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. sum, together (Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S.

=sambuke,= a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. sambuke (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5), L. sambuca (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX).

=sambuke,= a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, ix. 73. L. sambuca (Vegetius).

=samite,= a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17; leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and 144]. O. Prov. samit, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. examitum; Byz. Gk. ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see Ducange (s.v. Exametum); cp. Span. xaméte (Stevens).

=sampire,= ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15; sampier, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘herbe de S. Pierre, sampire’ (Cotgr.).

=sampsuchine,= oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram.

=sanbenito.= Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and behind, worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors . . . bringing with them certaine fooles coats . . . called . . . S. Benitos’, M. Phillips in Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a black colour ornamented with flames, devils, and other devices worn by an impenitent heretic at an auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all the flames and devils in hell’, Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’ are referred to vaguely. The garment was so called from San Benito, St. Benedict, from its resemblance to the scapular introduced by St. Benedict. See NED. and Stanford.

=sance-bell, saunce-bell,= corruptly =saint’s-bell,= the Sanctus-bell, the bell orig. rung at the Sanctus at Mass. The Sanctus or Ter-sanctus refers to the word sanctus (thrice repeated) in the conclusion to the Eucharistic preface; in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, holy, holy’. Sance-bells, pl., Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt saint’s bell, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119; saunce-bell, Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell).

=sanctus:= phr. a black sanctus, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 (Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); black Saunce, Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2. 33. See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and =tintamar.=

=sanglier,= a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100; Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. sanglier, Med. L. singularis (Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a boar separated from the herd. See =singler.=

=sanjak.= In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts of a ‘vilayet’; sangiacque, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.); sanzacke, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 (Carazie); sanziack, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); sandiack, Shirley, Imposture, v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. sangiacco (Florio), Turk. sanjāq, lit. a banner (NED.); sanjac, a province, T. Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90. See Stanford.

=sanna,= a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). L. sanna, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, a buffoon; one who makes grimaces. See =stork’s bill.=

=sans,= without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i. 2. 97.

=sapa,= new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. sapa (Pliny).

=sapor.= Sapor Pontic, Sapor Styptic: particular ‘Sapors’, savours frequently mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). L. sapor, taste.

=sarcocolla,= an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to sacrocolla, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from its power of healing or agglutinating wounds.

=sarell,= a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. sérail, a seraglio; Pers. serāi, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford (s.v. Seraglio).

=sarza,= sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict.

=sasarara,= a corruption of certiorari, the name of a certain writ at law. Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); sesarara, Puritan Widow, iii. 2. 81. See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in prov. use in the sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. with a siserary means ‘with a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy, vi. 47 (Davies).]

=sattle,= to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii. 345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave. Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a quarrel, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{1}). ME. sahtlen, to bring to a peaceful agreement, to reconcile (sahhtlenn in Ormulum, 351); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sahtlien). OE. sahtlian (Chron. ann. 1066). Etym. doubtful; see NED.

=sattle,= to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{2} 3). ME. sattle (York Plays, 328); satlynge, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Settle, vb., 13).

=saturity,= repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2; saturitie, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 24, st. 48. L. saturitas (Pliny).

=satyrion,= the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk. σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158.

=saugh,= a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’ in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.^{2}).

=saulf,= ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. saulf, safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf).

=saunce-bell;= see =sance-bell.=

=sawtry,= a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358. ME. sautrye (Chaucer, C. T. A. 296).

=say,= to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He sayes his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set oneself to do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); ‘Who sayd to wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age (NED.). See Dict.

=say,= ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living to be wretched To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, is in prov. use in Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Say, vb.^{2} 1).

=say:= phr. to take the say, to draw the knife along the belly of a slain deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 10. For assay, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. Say).

=scalado,= an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165). Span. escalada, ‘an escalade or taking a place with scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. scala, a ladder.

=scale,= to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps of cares . . . are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon (Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘scalare, to ascend by ladder’ (Florio); Span. escalar (Stevens).

=scaledrake,= ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.).

=scall,= a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. BIBLE, Lev. xiii. 30 (printed skall, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running ulcers and scals’, Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.^{1}). ME. scalle (Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7).

=scald,= afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of contempt, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brothers, i (Grandpree); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Fluello). ME. scalled (Chaucer, C. T. A. 627).

=scamble,= to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser, Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, scambling, shambling, shuffling, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 (Livio). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=scand,= pp., ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. scandere, to climb.

=scantle,= to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1327); p. 134, col. 1.

=scantling,= limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘Eschantillon, a scantling, sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. escauntiloun (Rough List).

=scar,= a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.^{1}). Icel. sker, an isolated rock in the sea.

=scarab,= a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax). Gk. σκάραβος, a beetle.

=Scarborough warning,= very short notice, or no notice at all; a surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED.

=scarlet,= a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be . . . next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle).

=scarmoge,= an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34. ME. scarmuch (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. escarmouche, a skirmish (Cotgr.); Ital. scaramuccia (Florio).

=scartoccio,= a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. scartoccio, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ (Florio). Cp. cartoccio, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. cartouche, E. cartridge.

=scath,= harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME. scathe, harm (Chaucer, C. T. A. 446); Icel. skaði.

=scatterling,= one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63.

=scaure;= see =scour.=

=scerne,= to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22.

=schellum,= a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch schellum?’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; skellum, id., Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word (EDD.). Du. schelm, a rogue (Hexham).

=sciatherical,= concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a sundial. Scioferical, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); scioterical, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, from σκαθήρας, a shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to catch.

=scole,= a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606; xxii. 180. Icel. skāl, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. skaal, a bowl.

=scolopendra,= a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. scolopendra; Gk. σκολόπενδρα, a milliped.

=scombre,= to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; skommer, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See =scumber.=

=scope,= a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός, a mark.

=scorse, scourse,= to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196); ‘Barater, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence skoser, a horse-corser, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). ‘Scorse’ is in prov. use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 136.

=scot and lot,= a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. to pay scot and lot, to pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte Termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word scot = Anglo-F. escot, a payment (Rough List). See =shot.=

=scot-free,= free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob).

=scotomy,= dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα, dimness; from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness.

=scour,= to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’, Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was bound to scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’ (or ‘Scaur’ in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea, see EDD. (s.v. Scour, vb.^{1} 4).

=scour the queer cramp-ring,= to wear the prison fetters (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘skower the cramp-rings, weare fetters’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘quyerkyn (= queer ken), a pryson-house’, ib.

Spotted a typo or a problem in this chapter? Tell us